DEVICE FOR PROTECTING AT LEAST ONE PART OF THE HUMAN BODY

Abstract

TITLE OF THE INVENTION: DEVICE FOR PROTECTING AT LEAST ONE PART OF THE HUMAN BODY The pressure ulcer protection device (20) for a user of predetermined morphology comprises: - an elongated lumbar cushion housing (15) defining two so-called "lateral" ends, the distance between which is greater than the distance between the user's hips, - two straps (16, 17) of a so-called "waist" belt connected to the two lateral ends of the lumbar cushion housing, each comprising a means of connection (22, 23) with the other strap and of closure around the user's pelvis, and - at least one means of retaining in position (18, 19, 25), removable by hand without tools, of at least one additional cushion. Figure for the abstract: Figure 2

Description

Title of the invention: DEVICE FOR PROTECTING AT LEAST ONE PART OF THE HUMAN BODY Technical field of the invention

[0001] The present invention relates to a device for protecting at least one part of the human body. It applies, in particular, to the field of medical or personal care devices and accessories. It is of particular interest to the protection of the back, pelvis, and shoulders for the curative or preventive purposes of pressure ulcers. State of the art

[0002] Various devices are known for resting and protecting the foot and lower leg, particularly applicable to persons immobilized in a horizontal position for extended periods. Generally, these devices aim to prevent prolonged contact between protruding parts of the foot. Such prolonged contact can, in fact, cause pressure ulcers, and the presence and persistence of these ulcers result in high healthcare costs and constitute a major problem for public health budgets.

[0003] So-called wrap-around heel pads, such as those made of sheepskin, microfiber with gel padding, or microbeads, are known to reduce pressure points; however, these accessories are not very comfortable because they require the use of support straps. Furthermore, they do not ensure a stable foot position and do not protect against equinus.

[0004] However, no device for protecting against bedsores on the trunk of a user is known. Description of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to remedy all or part of these drawbacks.

[0006] To this end, the present invention relates to a device for protection against bedsores for a user with a predetermined morphology, which includes: - an elongated lumbar cushion housing defining two so-called "lateral" ends, the distance between which is greater than the distance between the user's hips, - two strands of a so-called "waist" belt connected to the two lateral ends of the lumbar cushion housing, each strand having a means of connection to the other and of closure around the user's pelvis, and - at least one means of retaining in position, removable by hand without tools, of at least one additional cushion.

[0007] Thanks to these provisions, the back of the user's pelvis is protected against pressure sores that may occur during prolonged lying or sitting. In addition, at least one extra cushion can be attached to the device to protect the user's hips, back, and / or shoulders against pressure sores that may occur during prolonged lying or sitting.

[0008] The present invention makes it possible in particular to maintain in position protective cushions against pressure sores for particular and recalcitrant patients such as patients with Alzheimer's disease or suffering from dementia.

[0009] In embodiments, the device further comprises a so-called "lower" belt connected to a central part of the lumbar cushion housing equidistant from the lateral ends of the cushion and which includes a means of connection with the strands of the waist belt.

[0010] In embodiments, at least two means of retaining in position are attachment tabs, removable by hand without tools, of at least one additional cushion, two of these attachment tabs being positioned, respectively, at the two lateral ends of the lumbar cushion housing.

[0011] In some embodiments, the device comprises, held in place by retention means, a lumbar cushion having a central through-opening. This arrangement avoids excessive thickness at the sacrum, thereby reducing the risk of pressure sores in the sacrum.

[0012] In some embodiments, the device further comprises an additional semi-rigid "hip" cushion held in position by at least two retention means positioned respectively at the two lateral ends of the lumbar cushion housing. This additional hip cushion has a horizontal cross-section, in the plane of the waist belt fastened around the waist of a user of predetermined body shape, in the shape of a "U". Thanks to these arrangements, the user's iliac crests are also protected against pressure sores.

[0013] In some embodiments, the semi-rigid hip cushion has a central through-opening. This arrangement avoids excess thickness at the sacrum, thereby reducing the risk of pressure sores in the sacrum.

[0014] In embodiments, the device further comprises a thoracic harness connected to the waist belt and comprising at least one means of retaining in position, removable by hand without tools, at the level of the upper back and / or at the level of the clavicles of the user of predetermined morphology.

[0015] In some embodiments, the chest harness further comprises a chest belt carrying at least one restraint means in the so-called "dorsal" position, removable by hand without tools, for a back cushion. Thanks to these arrangements, a back cushion can protect the shoulder blades from the risk of pressure sores.

[0016] In some embodiments, the device further comprises a semi-rigid back cushion connected to each restraint in the supine position. The back cushion has a vertical cross-section, in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the waist belt closed around the waist of a user of predetermined body shape, in the shape of an "O" with a central opening. Thanks to these arrangements, the skin on the user's back remains ventilated and their spine can deform in relation to the central opening during movement. This reduces the risk of pressure sores and increases user comfort.

[0017] In some embodiments, the device further comprises a semi-rigid back cushion connected to each restraint in the dorsal position. The back cushion has a horizontal section, in a plane parallel to the plane of the waist belt fastened around the waist of a user of predetermined body shape, which is curved. Thanks to these arrangements, the semi-rigid back cushion follows the curvature of the user's back towards their sides.

[0018] In some embodiments, the semi-rigid back cushion has maximum lateral extension at the level of the lumbar vertebrae of the user of predetermined morphology. Thanks to these arrangements, the posterior ridges of the iliac bone are protected against pressure sores.

[0019] In some embodiments, the device further comprises at least one semi-rigid "shoulder" cushion connected to at least one restraint means at the level of a clavicle, each shoulder cushion having a hollow ovoid shape. These arrangements protect the clavicles, the upper part of the shoulder blades, and the upper joint of the humerus from pressure sores.

[0020] In some embodiments, at least one semi-rigid shoulder cushion further comprises an arm belt configured to encircle a user's arm of predetermined morphology. These arrangements reduce the risk of the semi-rigid shoulder cushion separating from the user's shoulder.

[0021] In embodiments, at least one means for retaining the device in a removable position without tools includes a hook-and-loop fastener. These features facilitate the attachment of this fastener(s) and allow for adjustment of the positioning of the attached elements relative to each other.

[0022] In embodiments, at least one cushion comprises an open-cell foam with a density between 30 and 40 kg / m3. This cushion thus has the desired rigidity to promote user comfort while ensuring the function of distributing pressure forces on the user's skin and thus reducing the risk of pressure ulcers.

[0023] In some embodiments, at least one cushion comprises treated foam An elastic paint, specially formulated to adhere to the cushion foam and seal its surface cells, protects the cushion from dirt and makes it easier to clean. Furthermore, it provides a more comfortable feel against the user's skin.

[0024] In some embodiments, this paint, or the foam forming the cushion, is thermochromic. The color of the cushion thus indicates the temperature of the cushion and therefore of the user.

[0025] In some embodiments, at least one cushion comprises a gel in a waterproof casing. User comfort can thus be improved.

[0026] In embodiments, the device comprises a garment configured to surround at least the torso of the user of predetermined morphology, the garment having at least one pocket for housing a cushion. Brief description of the figures

[0027] Other advantages, purposes and particular features of the invention will become apparent from the following non-limiting description of at least one particular embodiment of the device that is the subject of the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0028] [Fig-1] schematically represents, in rear view, a lumbar cushion of a first particular embodiment of the device that is the subject of the invention,

[0029] [Fig.2] represents, schematically and in rear view, the first embodiment of the device that is the subject of the invention,

[0030] [Fig.3] represents, schematically and in front view, a first mode of realization adjustment of a hip cushion,

[0031] [Fig.4] represents, schematically and in top view, the illustrated hip cushion in [Fig.3],

[0032] [Fig.5] represents, schematically and from the front, a second embodiment by particular of the device that is the subject of the invention comprising a chest harness,

[0033] [Fig.6] schematically represents, from the front, a dorsal cushion of resuscitation modes specific settings of the device that is the subject of the invention,

[0034] [Fig.7] schematically represents, from above, a horizontal section of the cushion dorsal illustrated in [Fig.6]

[0035] [Fig.8] represents, schematically and from the side, a back cushion illustrated in figures 6 and 7,

[0036] [Fig.9] represents, schematically and from the rear, a third embodiment by specific to the device that is the subject of the invention,

[0037] [Fig. 10] represents, in front view, a fourth particular embodiment of the device which is the subject of the invention,

[0038] [Fig.11] shows, in rear view, the device illustrated in [Fig.10], and

[0039] [Fig. 12] represents, in the form of a flowchart, the steps of a mode of implementation particular adaptation of the process that is the subject of the invention. Description of the implementation methods

[0040] The present description is given by way of non-limiting grammar, each feature of an embodiment being able to be advantageously combined with any other feature of any other embodiment.

[0041] Throughout this description, "top" or "upper" refers to the area at the top when the user is wearing the device and standing. This is also the top in Figures 1 to 3, 5, 6, and 8 to 11. "Bottom" or "lower" refers to the area at the bottom in these figures and when the device is worn by the user while standing. The concepts of vertical and height are derived from these definitions. "Front" or "front" refers to the area in front of the user, and "back" or "back" refers to the area behind the user. Widths are measured from one shoulder to the other. "Inner" refers to the area closest to or facing the user's body, and "outer" refers to the area further away from or facing away from the user's body.

[0042] In general, the present invention relates to a pressure ulcer protection device for a user of predetermined body shape. Thus, a range of similar devices corresponds to a range of predetermined body shapes covering the majority of the population, just as different shoe sizes cover almost all foot shapes. This device comprises an elongated lumbar cushion housing defining two so-called "lateral" ends, the distance between which is greater than the distance between the hips of this user of predetermined body shape. This device also comprises two straps of a so-called "waist belt" connected to the two lateral ends of the lumbar cushion housing, each strap having a means of connection to the other strap and of fastening around the user's pelvis.This device also includes at least one means of retaining at least one additional cushion in position, removable by hand without tools. In the embodiments illustrated in Figures 1 to 9, the means of retaining the cushion are surface-mounted, for example, fastening tabs, more specifically hook-and-loop fabrics sewn onto belt or harness straps. In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 10 and 11, the means of retaining the cushion are volumetric and enclose the entire cushion within a garment. These are, for example, pockets or compartments with closures. Of course, in other embodiments, combinations of these surface and volumetric retaining means are used, possibly to retain the same cushion.

[0043] In [Fig. 1], a lumbar cushion 15 is observed, having a central through opening 27. The cushion 15 has two lateral ends 12 and 13 and a central zone 11 equidistant from the two lateral ends 12 and 13.

[0044] Figure 2 schematically represents, in rear view, the first mode of rea The device 20 is the object of the invention. This device 20 comprises the lumbar cushion 15 surrounded by a cover 14 having a central opening 28 opposite the central through opening 27 and two linear openings 29 extending from the central opening 28 towards the ends 12 and 13 of the cushion 15. These linear openings 29 allow, when open, the cushion 15 to enter and exit the cover 14. The lips of the linear openings 29 have self-gripping fabrics allowing them to be closed.

[0045] The protective device 20 is configured for a user of predetermined morphology. For example, this user is an average adult European male, as determined by statistical institutes.

[0046] The protection device 20 comprises: - the lumbar cushion 15, elongated in shape, defining two ends 12 and 13, called "lateral," the distance between which is greater than the distance between the hips of this user of predetermined morphology, - two strands 16 and 17 of a so-called "waist" belt connected to the two lateral ends 12 and 13 of the cushion 15 and each comprising a means of connection 22 and 23 with the other strand and of closure around the pelvis of this user, - a lower belt 24 connected to the central part 11 of the cushion 15 at an equal distance from the lateral ends 12 and 13 of the cushion 15 and comprising a means of connection 26 with the strands 16 and 17 of the waist belt, - three attachment tabs 18, 19 and 25, removable by hand without tools, of at least one additional cushion, these attachment tabs 18, 19 and 25 being positioned, respectively, at the two lateral ends 12 and 13 of the lumbar cushion 15 and at the central area 11 of the lumbar cushion 15.

[0047] The fastening means 22, 23 and 26 are, for example, of the type used in baby seats to join at least three strands of a safety belt. The fastening tabs 18, 19 and 25 are, for example, self-gripping fabrics, for example of the registered trademark Velcro.

[0048] The additional cushions are semi-rigid. For example, they deform partially and elastically under the action of forces up to 20 Newtons, preferably up to 50 Newtons, exerted manually, but they deform permanently or break before their walls surrounding an empty space come together under the effect of a compressive force.

[0049] Figures 3 and 4 show an additional semi-rigid cushion called a "hip" 30. The cover (not shown) of this cushion 30 has two fastening tabs positioned, respectively, at the two lateral ends of the lumbar cushion 15. This additional hip cushion 30 has a horizontal section, in the plane of the waist belt closed on the waist of the user of predetermined morphology, in the shape of a "U", as illustrated in [Fig.4].

[0050] Preferably, the semi-rigid hip cushion 30 has a central through opening 31 equidistant from its two lateral ends 32.

[0051] The hip cushion 30 is, for example, a foam and / or gel element enclosed in a bean-shaped casing, hollowed out in the center at the location of the sacrum. The hip cushion 30 preferably has flaps, at right angles to the central area of ​​the hip cushion 30 and on either side of this central area. These flaps come into position on the user between the greater trochanter and the iliac crest. The internal shape of the hip cushion 30 corresponds to the curves and contours of the anatomy around the sacrum of a user with a predetermined body shape.

[0052] In [Fig.5], an embodiment of the device is shown which includes, in addition to the device 20, a thoracic harness 35. The thoracic harness 35 is connected to the waist belt by hand-removable fasteners without tools, 42 and 43. The thoracic harness 35 also includes hand-removable fasteners without tools at the upper back and / or at the clavicles of the user of predetermined morphology.

[0053] Preferably and in the embodiment illustrated in [Fig.5], the thoracic harness 35 further comprises a thoracic belt 38 carrying so-called "dorsal" attachments, removable by hand without tools, for a back cushion, for example, the back cushion illustrated in figures 6 to 8. These dorsal attachments are preferably positioned so as to arrive, when the user wears the device, in an area below the shoulder blades and / or between these two areas.

[0054] Figures 6 to 8 show a semi-rigid back cushion 45 that can be connected to the dorsal attachments of the chest harness 35. As illustrated in [Fig. 6], this back cushion 45 has a vertical section, in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the waist belt fastened around the waist of the user of predetermined body shape, in the shape of an "O" with a central opening 46 passing through it. As illustrated in [Fig. 7], the back cushion 45 has a horizontal section, in a plane parallel to the plane of the waist belt fastened around the waist of the user of predetermined body shape, in the shape of a curve.

[0055] As illustrated in [Fig.6], the semi-rigid 45 back cushion has a maximum lateral extension at the level of the lumbar vertebrae of the user of predetermined morphology.

[0056] The 45 back cushion is designed to protect against pressure sores due to lordosis, providing relief through the elevation of the lumbar vertebrae with this back cushion and a support It also relieves any other discomfort or pain requiring support in the lumbar and dorsal areas. The 45 back cushion is preferably rectangular in shape, tapering towards the top of the back, both in width and thickness. This highly anatomical shape is bulging at the bottom and hollowed out at the level of the spine, particularly the thoracic vertebrae.

[0057] Figure 9 shows a user with a predetermined morphology, viewed from behind, wearing the device illustrated in Figure 5, which also includes a hip cushion 30, a back cushion 45, and a semi-rigid "shoulder" cushion 55 connected to a chest harness attachment at the level of a clavicle. Each shoulder cushion 55 has a hollow ovoid shape in which a clavicle, the upper part of a scapula, and the upper joint of a humerus are accommodated. Preferably, the shoulder cushion has a through-opening at the level of the bony prominences to eliminate any risk of pressure on these prominences and to ventilate the shoulder skin. As illustrated in Figure 9, preferably, the shoulder cushion 55 also includes an arm belt 56 configured to encircle one arm of the user with a predetermined morphology. This arm belt holds the shoulder cushion 55 in position during user movements.

[0058] The shoulder cushion 55 is concave and ovoid in shape, preferably hollowed out at the location of the humeral head. The shoulder cushion 55 protects the humeral head, the acromion, in the supine position, the scapula, which is raised by the device, as well as the spine of the scapula, and the infraspinous fossa.

[0059] Preferably, for at least one cushion, at least one hand-removable attachment without tools includes a self-gripping fabric.

[0060] As illustrated in [Fig.2] for the lumbar cushion 15, preferably at least one cushion further comprises a removable wrap-around cover configured to surround the cushion while leaving accessible each removable attachment of this cushion or of the cover surrounding it.

[0061] Preferably, at least one cushion comprises an open-cell foam with a density between 30 and 40 kg / m³. Preferably, at least one cushion comprises foam treated with an elastic paint configured to adhere to the cushion foam and close the surface cells of the cushion foam. Preferably, this paint, or the foam forming a cushion, is thermochromic. For example, a thermochromic pigment changes color around 37°C or 38°C to indicate a fever in the user.

[0062] More generally, the cushions may consist of foam shaped by injection or cutting, with a polyurethane surface, for example sprayed on. The cushions are hollowed out at pressure points at risk, particularly protruding bones at risk of pressure sores. The cushions are used to protect against risky pressure points, in All positions of the supine position, whether for prevention, treatment, or comfort. The cushions are anatomically shaped and distribute pressure around at-risk areas of the user's body. In some embodiments, at least one cushion contains gel within a waterproof cover. Some cushions may also contain both gel and semi-rigid foam.

[0063] Figures 10 and 11 show a fourth embodiment of the device 60 of the invention, taking the form of a garment. The garment shown is a bodysuit covering the torso, arms, and legs of a user with a predetermined body shape. In other embodiments, this garment covers only the torso, only the legs, the torso and arms, or only the torso and legs. The garment is made of any material used for making clothing, woven or non-woven.

[0064] The protective device 60 includes a housing 64 and 65 for a lumbar cushion 15. In the embodiment shown, this housing consists of two symmetrical pockets or compartments 64 and 65 located on either side of a central garment closure extending from the user's navel to their neck, passing over their spine, for example, with hook-and-loop fasteners. These pockets enclose the lumbar cushion, possibly with its cover, between two surfaces of the garment.

[0065] The device 60 also includes two straps 68 and 69 of a so-called "waist belt" connected to the two lateral ends of the lumbar cushion housing and each having a means of connection, for example a hook-and-loop fastener, with the other strap and of closure around the user's pelvis. The device 60 also includes at least one means of retaining at least one additional cushion in position 62, 66, and 67, removable by hand without tools. The means 62 for retaining a back cushion in position consists of two symmetrical pockets or compartments on either side of the garment's central closure.

[0066] The device 60 preferably comprises, retained by the retention means 64 and 65, a lumbar cushion having a central through opening, for example that shown in [Fig.1].

[0067] The device 60 further comprises an additional semi-rigid "hip" cushion held in position by at least two position retention means (not shown). These retention means are, for example, positioned at the two lateral ends of the lumbar cushion's housing 64 and 65, respectively. Alternatively, these retention means are pockets, possibly pockets 64 and 65. This additional hip cushion has a horizontal, U-shaped cross-section in the plane of the waistband closed around the waist of a user of predetermined body shape. Preferably, the semi-rigid hip cushion has a central through-opening. This is, for example, the hip cushion shown in figures 3 and 4.

[0068] The device 60 further comprises means for retaining shoulder cushions in positions 66 and 67. For example, these retaining means are pockets or fasteners, as described opposite [Fig. 9]. At least one semi-rigid "shoulder" cushion is retained by at least one retaining means in positions 66 and 67 at the level of a clavicle, each shoulder cushion having a hollow ovoid shape.

[0069] Figure 12 shows a method 70 for making and using a device that is the subject of the invention. In step 71, semi-rigid cushions are made by molding. For example, these semi-rigid cushions are made of open-cell foam with a density between 30 and 40 kg / m³. In step 72, a skin coating is applied to the molded cushions. For example, an elastic paint configured to adhere to the cushion foam and close the surface cells of the foam is sprayed on. Preferably, this paint is thermochromic.

[0070] Alternatively, at least one cushion comprises a gel in a sealed envelope formed during a step 78 of envelope formation and a step 79 of filling the envelope with gel. Preferably, this gel or envelope comprises thermochromic pigments.

[0071] In step 73, covers are made with fastening means and, optionally, belt straps. For example, the covers are made of fabric, preferably Neoprene (registered trademark) for its waterproof, elastic, tolerant, and comfortable qualities. The covers are removable from the cushions, thanks to openings preferably closed with hook-and-loop fasteners. Optionally, a chest harness is also made. Alternatively or additionally, a garment is made with at least one pocket for holding a cushion.

[0072] In an optional step 74, the cushions and covers are assembled. In an optional step 75, the harness is assembled onto the waist belt. In a step 76, additional cushions with their covers are assembled. In a step 77, the user is dressed in the device, possibly with their harness and additional cushions.

[0073] Further details of the implementation of particular embodiments of the invention are given below.

[0074] Regarding the hip cushion, it is designed to prevent pressure sores that may occur in the pelvic area - sacrum, trochanter, iliac crest in particular - and to help optimize the treatment of pressure sores that have occurred, regardless of the stage of their development.

[0075] To achieve this, this device is designed to eliminate the potential causes of the occurrence and development of pressure ulcers: - pressures in the areas at risk: ensure zero pressure; - contact of risk areas with a surface: eliminate contact; and - maceration: ensure continuous aeration of these areas.

[0076] In order to ensure that these functionalities continue to be provided, regardless of the patient's position (lying down, semi-sitting or sitting), and that ease of application is ensured, the device preferentially provides the following functionalities: - automatic positioning; and - dynamic maintenance in position during wearing regardless of the patient's morphology, except in exceptional cases, and regardless of the position (sitting or lying down) adopted by the patient.

[0077] This device is also designed to allow acceptance by the patient and healthcare staff, particularly for the latter by reducing the workload (frequency and duration of mobilization) through the following functionalities: - total freedom of mobility for the patient; - equal distribution of pressures outside of risk areas; - ease of installation; and - to propose solutions for integrating patients' incontinence.

[0078] Preferably, the hip cushion rests first on the active device, which maintains the at-risk areas out of contact and under pressure while allowing continuous air circulation. For example, the active device selected—which may consist, for example, of foam, silicone, an inflatable envelope, a honeycomb structure, a multilayer structure, various fibers (carbon, plant-based or otherwise), or a mixture of these solutions—may be designed in different ways: - hollowed-out sections in the areas at risk; - an ergonomic architecture allowing support of the periphery of risk areas in order to keep these areas out of contact or out of pressure. - an internal topology that avoids transferring pressure zones to areas where other wounds could then form.

[0079] The characteristics of the active device's structure are designed to ensure no contact regardless of the patient's morphology. Sizes and dimensions are adapted to predetermined morphology categories.

[0080] To ensure patient mobility, the active device is integrated into a support device allowing the active device to be fixed to the patient's body.

[0081] This device may consist of: - a receptacle short, or any equivalent form of garment with an area allowing the active device to be received and positioned; - an ergonomic belt; - a fabric compartment held in place with straps and Velcro or zipper closures; or - of an anti-slip mechanism directly fixed to the active device.

[0082] The active support can thus be inserted into the compartment before the pause on the patient.

[0083] To ensure automatic positioning and dynamic positioning, the active device and the device benefit, on the one hand, from a complex architecture combining positioning on key points of anatomy as well as a positioning and holding device allowing them to be linked dynamically guaranteeing the functionalities described above regardless of the morphology of the patient in motion, in a bedridden or seated position.

[0084] The aforementioned devices can be combined in all possible ways. Thus, the active, support, and positioning devices can be integrated into a single element: the active device incorporates, by its shape, key anatomical points and is held in position by: - a holding force exerted on the body by this mechanism with an enveloping shape - partially or completely - of the abdominal belt, always resting on key points of anatomy so as to ensure comfort and protection; - a non-slip surface - integrated or glued to the active device; - Support and positioning devices can be integrated into a single device - Active and positioning devices can be integrated into a single device - each device can be designed separately.

[0085] The positioning of the active device relies on the invariance in humans of the position of the sacrum relative to key anatomical points. Functionality is then ensured by the combination of two interconnected elements: - a hollow is created at the buttocks allowing self-positioning on a key anatomical point which allows self-positioning of the sacrum region; - a shape is established that follows the curvature of the lumbar region above the sacrum, another key point of anatomy.

[0086] Sizes are proposed based on existing templates according to a scientific assessment of pressures.

[0087] The device can be equipped with straps, hook-and-loop fasteners or zippers, magnets, etc., for securing and closing the device to the user's body or for closing device pockets. The active support can be inserted before or after the bonding device is placed on the patient's body.

Claims

Demands

1. Pressure ulcer protection device (20) for a user of predetermined morphology, comprising: - an elongated lumbar cushion housing (15) defining two so-called "lateral" ends (12, 13) the distance between which is greater than the distance between the hips of this user, - two strands (16, 17) of a so-called "waist" belt connected to the two lateral ends of the lumbar cushion housing and each comprising a means of connection (22, 23) with the other strand and of closure around the pelvis of this user, and - at least one means of retaining in position (18, 19, 25, 68, 69), removable by hand without tools, of at least one additional cushion;device characterized in that it further comprises: - an additional semi-rigid cushion called a "hip" cushion held in position by at least two means of retention positioned, respectively, at the two lateral ends of the lumbar cushion housing, this additional hip cushion having a horizontal section, in the plane of the waist belt closed on the waist of the user of predetermined morphology, in the shape of a "U".;

2. Device according to claim 1, which further comprises a lower belt (24) connected to a central part of the lumbar cushion housing equidistant from the lateral ends of the cushion and which comprises a means of connection (26) with the strands of the waist belt.

3. Device according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein at least two means for retaining in position are attachment tabs (18, 19, 25), removable by hand without tools, of at least one additional cushion, two of these attachment tabs being positioned, respectively, at the two lateral ends of the lumbar cushion housing.

4. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which comprises, retained by retention means, a lumbar cushion having a central through opening.

5. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the semi-rigid hip cushion has a central through opening.

6. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a chest harness connected to the waist belt and comprising at least a means of restraint in position, removable by hand without tools, at the level of the upper back and / or at the level of the clavicles of the user of predetermined morphology.

7. Device according to claim 6, wherein the chest harness further comprises a chest belt carrying at least one means of restraint in the so-called "dorsal" position, removable by hand without tools, for a back cushion.

8. Device according to claim 7, further comprising a semi-rigid back cushion connected to each restraint means in the dorsal position, the back cushion having a vertical section, in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the waist belt closed on the waist of the user of predetermined morphology, in the shape of "0" with a central opening through.

9. Device according to claim 7, further comprising a semi-rigid back cushion connected to each restraint means in the dorsal position, the back cushion having a horizontal section, in a plane parallel to the plane of the waist belt closed on the waist of the user of predetermined morphology, in a curved shape.

10. Device according to any one of claims 8 or 9, wherein the semi-rigid back cushion has a maximum lateral extension at the level of the lumbar vertebrae of the user of predetermined morphology.

11. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 101, further comprising at least one semi-rigid "shoulder" cushion connected to at least one means of retaining it in position at the level of a clavicle, each shoulder cushion having a hollow ovoid shape.

12. Device according to claim 11, wherein at least one semi-rigid shoulder cushion further comprises an arm belt configured to surround an arm of the user of predetermined morphology.

13. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein at least one means for retaining in a position that can be removed by hand without tools comprises a self-gripping fabric.

14. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein at least one cushion comprises an open-cell foam with a density between 30 and 40 kg / m3.

15. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein at least one cushion comprises foam treated with an elastic paint configured to adhere to the foam of the cushion and close the cells of surface of the cushion foam.

16. Device according to claim 15, wherein this paint or the foam forming the cushion is thermochromic.

17. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein at least one cushion comprises a gel in a sealed envelope.

18. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 17, comprising a garment configured to surround at least the torso of the user of predetermined morphology, garment having at least one pocket for housing a cushion.

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