fibrous texture

Abstract

Fibrous Texture The invention relates to a fibrous texture comprising a stack of at least one fiber mat (101) and a 2D fabric (102), a surface of said mat being disposed against a surface of said 2D fabric, at least a portion of the mat being further bonded to at least a portion of the 2D fabric. Figure for the abstract: Fig. 4.

Description

Title of the invention: fibrous texture technical field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a ceramic matrix composite material and a method for manufacturing a part made of such a material. Previous technique

[0002] Ceramic matrix composite (CMC) materials can withstand temperatures ranging from 600°C to 1400°C. Due to their superior resistance to high temperatures, CMCs require less cooling.

[0003] Since this cooling is traditionally obtained from a source in the compressor which impacts the efficiency of the turbomachine, CMC materials therefore make it possible to improve engine efficiency which reduces fuel consumption.

[0004] Furthermore, their use helps to optimize the performance of turbomachines, in particular by reducing the overall mass of the turbomachine, which further contributes to a decrease in fuel consumption and therefore to a significant reduction in pollutant emissions.

[0005] The composite materials comprise a porous fibrous reinforcement, the porosity of which is at least partially filled by a matrix phase.

[0006] In the particular case of CMC materials, the matrix is ​​a ceramic.

[0007] In conventional manufacturing processes, the fibrous reinforcement is manufactured alone, put shaped, then its porosity is filled with the matrix.

[0008] For the purposes of such processes, a so-called "consolidation" step may be carried out during which the fibrous texture is arranged in a conformer in the desired shape for the part and then infiltrated by gas to obtain a self-supporting fibrous texture, called a fibrous preform, whose rigidity is sufficient to maintain the desired shape without tooling. The matrix is, for example, deposited by chemical vapor deposition.

[0009] The fibrous preform then undergoes an additional matrix deposition, either by a further chemical vapor infiltration, or by a slurry-cast ceramic particle deposition followed by infiltration of the fibrous texture by a molten infiltration composition comprising silicon (melt infiltration) to complete the filling of the porosity of the fibrous preform by the matrix.

[0010] Shapers are expensive tools, difficult to manufacture and require significant manual labor, so it is desirable that a short consolidation step allows the desired fibrous preform to be obtained.

[0011] For thick CMC parts, it has already been proposed in the prior art to manufacture fibrous reinforcements by stacking several 2D fabrics, that is to say a weave of fibers which are oriented in two directions of space, conventionally named "weft" and "warp".

[0012] However, it has been observed that such stacks do not exhibit sufficient resistance to delamination after consolidation, unless extremely long consolidation times are required, which poses other problems for the process.

[0013] Indeed, very long consolidation times reduce the lifespan of the formers because the matrix deposited during consolidation also deposits on the formers, which increases their fouling and their cleaning needs.

[0014] Thus, when thick fibrous preforms are desired, the consolidation time of a 2D tissue stack becomes too long to allow sufficient rigidity of the preform, and the use of fibrous textures is generally preferred to more complex weaving, for example 3D weaving.

[0015] By "three-dimensional weaving" or "3D weaving," we mean here a weaving method in which at least some of the warp yarns interlock with weft yarns over several weft layers, such as an "interlock weave." By "interlock weaving," we mean here a 3D weave structure in which each warp layer interlocks with several weft layers, with all yarns in the same warp column having the same movement within the plane of the weave.

[0016] While such a 3D weave offers excellent resistance to delamination, it nevertheless represents a higher cost than a simple stacking of 2D layers.

[0017] It remains desirable to further optimize the manufacturing processes to provide both a fibrous texture that is less expensive than a 3D woven texture but which, after a shorter consolidation time, would have a resistance to delamination superior to a stack of 2D fabrics. Description of the invention

[0018] The invention aims precisely to address the above problem. Namely, to have a fibrous texture that can be molded for the needs of a consolidation step, but which does not require lengthening or complicating existing consolidation processes.

[0019] According to a first aspect, the invention relates to a fibrous texture comprising a stack of at least one fiber mat and a 2D fabric, a surface said mat being disposed against a surface of said 2D fabric, at least a portion of the mat being further connected to at least a portion of the 2D fabric.

[0020] Such an embodiment is particularly advantageous because the resistance to delamination of such a fibrous texture is much greater than that of a fibrous texture formed by stacking 2D fabrics, but the manufacturing process of such a fibrous texture is much simpler than a 3D woven texture.

[0021] In addition, such a stack can be molded very simply for consolidation purposes because it exhibits low rigidity before said consolidation.

[0022] Finally, such a stack can be consolidated in existing conformers without lengthening the consolidation step. In this case, the low fiber density per unit area of ​​the fiber mat facilitates the passage of precursor gases for densification, allowing the deposition of a matrix layer right to the core of the fibrous texture.

[0023] By definition, a 2D fabric comprises yarns woven together, the yarns being arranged along two perpendicular directions in space, and arbitrarily named weft direction and warp direction.

[0024] Such a fabric inherently comprises areas of hollows and areas of raised areas corresponding to the locations where the weft yarns dip under the warp yarns or, conversely, where the weft yarns pass over the warp yarns. No matter how tightly the yarns are stretched during weaving, a 2D fabric will include such areas of hollows and raised areas.

[0025] It is to the inventors' credit that they identified that the low coherence observed in a 2D fabric stack arises from regions where the raised areas of a first fabric layer are opposite raised areas of an adjacent second fabric layer. It is not industrially feasible to ensure that one 2D fabric can be placed on top of another 2D fabric in a coherent manner, i.e., with a raised area opposite a hollow area and vice versa, particularly in the case of curved fabric layers.

[0026] The inventors observed that, unlike two stacked 2D fabrics, the bond between the fiber mat and the 2D fabric was particularly good at the points where the yarns of the 2D fabric intersect. Indeed, at these points, fibers of the fiber mat can form a bond with the 2D fabric strong enough to increase resistance to delamination.

[0027] Without wishing to be bound by theory, the inventors are of the opinion that the non-woven nature of the mat allows it to find a coherence with the underlying 2D fabric much greater than that which two superimposed 2D fabrics would have, and this coherence allows the stack to present a resistance to delamination more simply.

[0028] In the present application, it is understood that a "fibre mat" is a coherent assembly of natural and / or manufactured fibers arranged randomly or not in relation to each other and linked together by gluing and / or by entanglement of the fibers excluding textile operations and in particular weaving, braiding and knitting.

[0029] The invention requires that at least one portion of the mat be bonded to at least one portion of the 2D fabric. This formulation is intended to cover embodiments in which the surface of the mat is glued to the surface of the 2D fabric, but also embodiments in which certain fibers of the mat, surface or non-surface, are involved in the bonding with the 2D fabric.

[0030] In one embodiment, the fiber mat is linked to the 2D fabric by fibers of the mat entangled in the 2D fabric.

[0031] Fibers of the mat will be considered to be entangled in the 2D fabric when they are present in the 2D fabric with a non-zero component in the direction perpendicular to the 2D fabric.

[0032] In particular, such an entanglement of fibers can be obtained by subjecting the mat arranged on the 2D fabric to a jet of fluid, for example a jet of water or a jet of air.

[0033] Alternatively or in addition, the fiber mat can be bonded to the 2D fabric by arranging a bonding layer on a surface of the mat and / or on a surface of the 2D fabric.

[0034] For example, such a bonding layer may include an adhesive composition, for example an organic resin.

[0035] In one embodiment, the fiber mat can have a basis weight between 10 g.m2 and 500 g.m2 or even between 30 g.m2 and 150 g.m2.

[0036] The grammage of a layer is usually understood as its surface mass.

[0037] In one embodiment, the thickness of the fiber mat in the fibrous texture is between 0.3 mm and 1.5 mm under a pressure of 5 kPa.

[0038] It is important that the grammage of the fibre mat is not too high, as this ensures a certain flexibility to the mat which allows it to conform as precisely as possible to the shape of the underlying 2D fabric.

[0039] In addition, the low grammage of the mat ensures excellent diffusion of gases in said mat, which allows on the one hand excellent deposition during consolidation but also during the formation of the matrix for the manufacture of a part in composite material.

[0040] Conversely, the grammage of the fibre mat must be sufficient to be able to be handled without risk of tearing.

[0041] Thus, the proposed values ​​correspond to the optimum determined by the inventors for the needs of the textures considered.

[0042] In one embodiment, the fiber mat may comprise silicon carbide fibers SiC.

[0043] In one embodiment, the mat fibers comprise fibers with a length between 1 mm and 50 mm, or between 5 mm and 25 mm.

[0044] This embodiment offers several advantages. In particular, it allows the mat to be manufactured using shredded textile scraps.

[0045] Although these are textile scraps, which can initially be woven, the latter are ground in the embodiment described before being put into the form of the mat and are therefore no longer linked together by textile operations in the mat.

[0046] This recycling ensures on the one hand a reduced cost for the preparation of the fibre mat and on the other hand a reduced environmental footprint of the whole process.

[0047] In one embodiment, the 2D fabric can have a weight between 250 g.m2 and 450 g.m2, or even between 300 g.m2 and 350 g.m2.

[0048] This embodiment ensures that the 2D fabric gives the fibrous texture the desired characteristics, particularly in terms of mechanical strength.

[0049] Grammage is understood here also in its usual sense, i.e. as surface mass.

[0050] In one embodiment, the 2D fabric may comprise silicon carbide SiC fibers.

[0051] In one embodiment, the 2D fabric and the mat may comprise fibers of the same composition, for example silicon carbide SiC fibers.

[0052] In one embodiment, the thickness of the 2D fabric in the fibrous texture is between 0.4 mm and 0.6 mm under 5 kPa of pressure.

[0053] In one embodiment, the fibrous texture is wound onto a roller. The fibrous texture can thus constitute a ready-to-use raw material.

[0054] In one embodiment, the fibrous texture may comprise a stack of between 3 and 50 layers, each layer being alternately either a 2D fabric or a fiber mat, each layer being bonded to the layer below and to the layer above.

[0055] In such an embodiment, a fiber mat can be arranged between two 2D fabrics, at least a first portion of the mat being bonded with at least a portion of the first 2D fabric and at least a second portion of the mat being bonded with at least a portion of the second 2D fabric.

[0056] In an identical or different embodiment, a 2D fabric can be arranged between two mats, at least a portion of the 2D fabric being connected with at least a portion of the first mat and at least a portion of the 2D fabric being further connected with at least a portion of the second mat.

[0057] The stack can thus comprise a plurality of layers, alternating 2D fabrics and fiber mats, two successive layers being linked together.

[0058] For example, the fibrous texture may comprise a stack of between 3 and 50 layers.

[0059] Such an embodiment makes it possible to obtain a fibrous texture of a desired thickness, with the same advantages as those described above, and in particular better resistance to delamination than a stack of 2D tissues, and obtained for shorter consolidation times.

[0060] According to another aspect of it, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a fibrous texture as just described, the method comprising a step of forming a stack comprising a mat of fibers in contact with a 2D fabric and a step of forming a bond between at least a portion of the mat of fibers and at least a portion of the 2D fabric.

[0061] In one embodiment, the step of forming a bond between at least one portion of the fiber mat and at least one portion of the 2D fabric can be carried out by exposing the stack to a high-velocity fluid jet.

[0062] The inventors have found that the high-velocity fluid jet, for example of air or water, makes it possible to intertwine certain fibers of the mat with those of the 2D fabric.

[0063] It is preferable to direct the fluid jet so that its component in the direction perpendicular to the 2D tissue is significant.

[0064] For example, the angle with respect to the normal to the stacking can be between 0° and 20°.

[0065] Indeed, this increases the probability that the fluid flow carries fibers from the mat in the perpendicular direction, and that a fiber thus carried away can become entangled with the 2D fabric.

[0066] For example, a jet will be said to be "high velocity" if its pressure is greater than or equal to 6 bars.

[0067] Such a manufacturing process makes it possible to obtain a fibrous texture whose resistance to delamination is superior to that of a fibrous texture formed by a stacking of 2D fabrics, while being less complex and less expensive than a 3D weaving process.

[0068] In an embodiment in which the fibrous texture comprises more than two layers of mat, and in which the bonding is achieved by fibers of the mat entangled in the 2D fabric, the texture can be obtained by carrying out a step of exposing the assembly to a high-velocity fluid jet after each arrangement of a fiber mat.

[0069] In other words, the process for manufacturing the texture may include the following steps: - the arrangement of a mat on a 2D fabric; - exposing the assembly to a high-velocity fluid jet; - the arrangement of a new 2D fabric and a mast to the already constructed assembly; - exposing the assembly to a high-velocity fluid jet; the last two steps can be repeated until a desired thickness texture is achieved.

[0070] In one embodiment, the process may include initial or final steps consisting of a mat and / or a 2D fabric at the ends of the texture thus formed and exposing the whole to a high-velocity fluid jet, in order to obtain the desired nature at the ends of the texture: 2D fabric or mat.

[0071] In one embodiment, the step of forming a bond between at least one portion of the fiber mat and at least one portion of a 2D fabric is a step of disposing of a bonding layer on a surface of the 2D fabric and / or on a surface of the fiber mat, said bonding layer comprising an organic resin.

[0072] In one embodiment, the bonding layer may comprise, or even be made of, an organic resin chosen from polymethyl methacrylates (known as PMMA by acronym).

[0073] Indeed, these resins allow on the one hand excellent adhesion of the mat to the 2D fabric, and on the other hand are very easily degraded under the conditions of consolidation.

[0074] Thus, this process makes it possible to obtain an effective bond between the 2D fabric and the mat and to not require an additional step to remove the bonding layer.

[0075] In one embodiment, the bonding layer may further comprise short fibers, preferably of the same nature as that of the mat and / or the 2D fabric.

[0076] According to another aspect of it, the invention includes a method for manufacturing a part made of composite material, comprising a step of consolidating a fibrous texture which has just been described to form a fibrous preform, and a step of densifying the fibrous preform by a physical or chemical vapor phase process.

[0077] This embodiment makes it possible to obtain a part made of composite material, for example of ceramic matrix composite material, with a consolidation step similar to that of the prior art, but without requiring the use of 3D weaving. Brief description of the drawings

[0078] [Fig.1] Fig.1 is a schematic representation of a 2D fabric.

[0079] [Fig.2] The [Fig.2] is a schematic representation of a fiber mat.

[0080] [Fig. 3] Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a fibrous texture according to a first mode of implementation.

[0081] [Fig.4] The [Fig.4] is a schematic representation of a fibrous texture according to a second embodiment.

[0082] [Fig.5] The [Fig.5] is a schematic representation of a fibrous texture according to a third embodiment.

[0083] [Fig.6] The [Fig.6] is a schematic representation of a fibrous texture according to a variant of the second embodiment.

[0084] [Fig.7] The [Fig.7] is a schematic representation of a fibrous texture according to a variant of the third embodiment.

[0085] Description of the implementation methods

[0086] The invention is now described by means of figures, which are provided for descriptive purposes to illustrate certain embodiments of the invention and which should not be interpreted as limiting the latter.

[0087] Fig. 1 represents a 2D fabric 102 seen from above.

[0088] Such a 2D fabric 102 comprises weft yarns 11 and warp yarns 21 perpendicular to each other.

[0089] The weft yarns 11 pass respectively over (point 12) and under (point 13) the warp yarns 21 to form a flat fabric, here in the plane of the sheet.

[0090] It must be seen that in the third dimension, the 2D fabric is not strictly flat and that a point 12 where the weft threads pass over the warp threads forms a bump on a surface of the fabric, whereas conversely, a point 13 where the weft threads 11 pass under the warp threads 21 forms a hollow on this surface.

[0091] In addition, the arrangement of the weft yarns 11 and the warp yarns 21 leaves empty spaces 14 at the crossing points.

[0092] Fig. 1 is very schematic, and in particular the scale is not representative.

[0093] Nevertheless, regardless of the tension of the weft 11 and warp 12 yarns, there remain spaces 14 at the crossing of yarns 11 and 12.

[0094] Figure 2 illustrates, in a particular embodiment, a mat 101 of fibers 40.

[0095] Such a mat 101 comprises a coherent set of natural and / or manufactured fibers arranged randomly or not in relation to each other and linked together by gluing and / or by entanglement of the fibers excluding textile operations and in particular weaving, braiding and knitting.

[0096] As illustrated, the fibers 40 do not have a regular weave, and are not organized here according to any arrangement, regardless of the scale.

[0097] Nevertheless, the fiber mat 101 comprises fibers which, thus entangled, form a coherent whole that can be manipulated.

[0098] Advantageously, a fiber mat can be obtained by intertwining fibers of a length between 1 mm and 50 mm, or even between 5 mm and 25 mm.

[0099] Such a fiber length ensures that the fibers of the mat can sufficiently interlock with each other and that the mat thus has a certain strength.

[0100] Figures 3 to 7 represent fibrous textures in certain embodiments of the invention.

[0101] Fig. 3 represents a stack comprising a fiber mat 101 and a 2D fabric 102 linked by a bonding layer 201. More specifically, a surface of the fiber mat 101 is bonded to a surface of the 2D fabric 102.

[0102] The bonding layer 201 can be a layer of polymethyl methacrylate resin, also known as PMMA, with a thickness less than or equal to 50 pm.

[0103] For example, such a bonding layer 201 can be applied by spraying or aerosol.

[0104] In the embodiment described in [Fig.3], and although the bonding layer 201 is shown between layer 101 and layer 102, it must nevertheless be understood that the thicknesses are not to scale and that despite the presence of the bonding layer 201, the mat 101 and the 2D fabric 102 can be said to be arranged against each other.

[0105] In the embodiment shown in [Fig.3], the portion of the mat and the portion of 2D fabric linked together are respectively formed by the entire upper surface of the fiber mat 101 and the entire lower surface of the 2D fabric 102.

[0106] However, in another embodiment, the bonding surface 201 could cover only a part of a surface of the fiber mat 101 and / or only a part of a surface of the 2D fabric 102.

[0107] In one embodiment, the portion of the mat linked to a portion of the 2D fabric can be formed from a portion of the mat's fibers.

[0108] Fig. 4 illustrates in an extremely schematic way such an embodiment.

[0109] As shown in [Fig.4], the 2D fabric comprises a layer of regular weft yarns 11 and a layer of regular warp yarns 21.

[0110] Mat 10 on the other hand comprises an entanglement of 40 fibers.

[0111] The majority 40b of the constituent fibers of the mat are contained within the plane of the mat. However, some of the fibers 40a of the mat are caught in the interstices 14 of the 2D fabric.

[0112] It is these latter which ensure the bond between the 2D fabric and the mat, and which give the whole texture a better resistance to delamination than the textures of the prior art.

[0113] In [Fig.4], the weft yarns 11 of the 2D fabric 102 are shown to be thicker than the fibers 40 of the mat 101. This distinction is for illustrative purposes only, and no conclusions should be drawn from it regarding the relative thicknesses of the elements shown.

[0114] For the realization of a texture in the embodiment of [Fig.4], a fiber mat 101 arranged on a 2D fabric 102 can for example be subjected to a high-velocity fluid jet 1002 directed out of the plane of the 2D fabric.

[0115] This embodiment is shown in [Fig.5], in which a high-velocity fluid jet 1002 is emitted from a nozzle 1001 in a direction perpendicular to the texture.

[0116] For example, the high-velocity fluid jet can be directed in a direction offset from the normal to the 2D tissue by an angle between 0° and 20°.

[0117] Under the effect of this jet, some fibers of the mat can orient themselves in the direction of the jet, i.e. in a direction outside the plane of the initial mat.

[0118] In particular, these fibers can then pass into orifices 14 of the 2D fabric, and thus give the fibrous texture increased resistance to delamination.

[0119] Indeed, statistically, these fibers remain attached to the 2D fabric, which increases the overall resistance to delamination.

[0120] The embodiment of [Fig.6] corresponds to a more complex stacking including in addition a second mat of fibers 101.

[0121] More specifically, in the fibrous texture of [Fig.6] there are a first mat of fibers 101a in contact with a 2D fabric 102 and linked to the latter by a first bonding layer 201a, and the 2D fabric layer 102 is further linked by a second bonding layer 201b to a second mat of fibers 101b.

[0122] Furthermore, we do not depart from the scope of the invention if the layers are linked by fibers of the out-of-plane mat 40a as shown in [Fig.4].

[0123] In such a case and as shown in [Fig.4], the bonding layers 201a, 201b may not be present.

[0124] In another embodiment, however, it is possible that the connection between the mat and the 2D fabric is ensured on the one hand by a bonding layer and by fibers out of plane of the mat.

[0125] This embodiment makes it possible to obtain fibrous textures of greater thicknesses, while ensuring that they still exhibit improved resistance to delamination compared to a prior art 2D fabric stacking.

[0126] Resistance to delamination is understood as the ability of the fibrous texture to maintain its integrity when subjected to shear stress directed in the plane of the 2D tissue or to tensile stress directed perpendicular to the plane of the 2D tissue.

[0127] Fig. 6 represents a layer of 2D fabric 102 between two layers of fiber mat 101, but it does not depart from the invention if the fibrous texture included a layer of fiber mat 101 between two layers of 2D fabric 102.

[0128] The stacking is also not limited to three layers as shown in [Fig.6].

[0129] Fig. 7 is intended to clarify that the stacking can include a greater number of layers symbolized by the dotted lines, provided that the alternation of a mat of fibers 101 and then of a 2D fabric 102 is respected.

[0130] In [Fig.7], each layer is linked to the next by a bonding layer 201

[0131] As with [Fig.6], we do not depart from the scope of the invention, if the stack comprises at each of its ends a layer of fiber mat 101, or a layer of 2D fabric 102.

[0132] As indicated, Figures 6 and 7 consider the case where a bonding layer 201 is present at the common surface between a mat layer 101 and a 2D fabric layer.

[0133] In an embodiment not shown, the layers 101 and 102 may be linked by fibers of each layer 101 entangled in the adjacent layers 102. In such a case, the linking layers 201 may not be present and each layer 101 will nevertheless be considered as linked to the adjacent layers 102.

[0134] Preferably, the creation of the entanglement is achieved via exposure to a high-velocity fluid jet as shown in [Fig.5].

[0135] This entanglement can be achieved after each positioning of a layer of mat 101, or after the positioning of a plurality of layers 101 and 102 alternately, or after the arrangement of each layer 101, 102. Preferably, each step of exposing the assembly to a high-velocity fluid jet can include a first application of a fluid jet on a first end surface of the assembly and a second application of a fluid jet on a second end surface of the assembly, opposite to the first end surface.

[0136] In unrepresented embodiments, the fibrous texture can then be subjected to consolidation and densification steps to obtain a part made of composite material.

[0137] Such steps are known to those skilled in the art, but the textures described make it possible to obtain, at the end of the consolidation step, a consolidated fibrous texture whose resistance to delamination is much greater than that of a 2D tissue stack which would have been subjected to an identical consolidation step.

Claims

Demands

1. Fibrous texture comprising a stack of at least one fiber mat (101) and a 2D fabric (102), a surface of said mat being disposed against a surface of said 2D fabric, at least a portion of the mat being further bonded to at least a portion of the 2D fabric and wherein the mat (101) and the 2D fabric (102) comprise silicon carbide fibers SiC.

2. Fibrous texture according to claim 1, wherein the fiber mat (101) is linked to the 2D fabric (102) by fibers (40a) of the mat entangled in the 2D fabric.

3. Fibrous texture according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fiber mat (101) is bonded to the 2D fabric (102) by disposition of a bonding layer (201) on a surface of the mat and / or on a surface of the 2D fabric.

4. Fibrous texture according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the mat has a basis weight between 10 g.m2 and 500 g.m2.

5. Fibrous texture according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the 2D fabric has a basis weight between 250 g.m2 and 450 g.m2.

6. A method for manufacturing a fibrous texture according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising a step of forming a stack comprising a mat of fibers in contact with a 2D fabric and a step of forming a bond between at least a portion of the mat of fibers and at least a portion of the 2D fabric.

7. A method of manufacturing according to claim 6 a fibrous texture according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the step of forming a bond between at least a portion of the fiber mat and at least a portion of the 2D fabric is carried out by exposing the stack to a high-velocity fluid jet.

8. A method for manufacturing according to claim 7 a fibrous texture according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the following steps: - placing a mat (101) on a 2D fabric (102); - exposing the assembly to a high-velocity fluid jet; - placing a new 2D fabric and a mat onto the already constructed assembly; then - exposing the assembly to a high-velocity fluid jet; the last two steps can be repeated until a desired thickness texture is obtained.

9. A method of manufacturing according to claim 6 to 8 a fibrous texture according to claim 3 to 5, wherein the step of forming a bond between at least a portion of the fiber mat and at least a portion of a 2D fabric is a step of disposing of a bonding layer on a surface of the 2D fabric and / or on a surface of the fiber mat, said bonding layer comprising an organic resin.

10. A method for manufacturing a part made of composite material, comprising a step of consolidating a fibrous texture according to any one of claims 1 to 5 to form a fibrous preform and a step of densifying the fibrous preform by a physical or chemical vapor phase process.

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