Temporary fixing of structures

Abstract

Temporary Fixing of Structures The invention relates to a fastener (10) for the temporary assembly of structures, comprising: - a hollow main body (34, 42); - elastic clamps including a hook; - a spreader (28); and - an actuating element (30), rotatable relative to the main body. The fastener further comprises a tubular clamp body (24), movable relative to the main body; the clamp body comprising a first portion (50) having longitudinal openings (56); each elastic clamp being fixed to one of the longitudinal openings; each elastic clamp being movable between a retracted position, in which the hook is disposed in the corresponding longitudinal opening, and an extended position, in which the hook protrudes from the radial surface. The clamp body further comprises a second portion (52), connected to the actuating element (30).Figure for the abbreviation: Figure 1.

Description

Title of the invention: Temporary fixing of structures

[0001] The present invention relates to a fastener for the temporary assembly of at least two pre-drilled structures, of the type comprising: a hollow main body, extending along an axis; a plurality of elastic clamps extending between a first and a second end, the first end of each elastic clamp comprising a hooking beak; a spreader extending along the axis, the spreader being fixed in translation relative to the main body; and an actuating element, extending along the axis inside the main body, said actuating element being fixed in translation and movable in rotation relative to the main body.

[0002] The invention is particularly applicable to temporary fastenings of the pinning staple type.

[0003] In the aeronautical industry, before the final assembly of two structural elements, it is known to perform a temporary assembly of said elements using temporary fasteners inserted into through holes. Such temporary fasteners are described in particular in document EP3781825 on behalf of the Applicant.

[0004] When a temporary fastener is removed from structural elements by means of a robot, the removal sometimes does not occur in a direction exactly perpendicular to the surface of the elements. The robotic arms may then catch on the rear surface, thus blocking the removal of the temporary fastener.

[0005] The object of the invention is then to propose a fixing as described above, allowing the temporary fixing to be removed without catching the prongs on the rear face, even if the direction of removal is not in a direction exactly perpendicular to the surface of the elements.

[0006] To this end, the invention relates to a fixation of the aforementioned type, further comprising a tubular gripper body, movable relative to the main body and extending along the axis. The gripper body comprises a first portion having: a radial surface, substantially cylindrical in revolution; and a plurality of longitudinal openings; each longitudinal opening extending between a first and a second end, the second end of each elastic gripper being fixed to the second end of one of the longitudinal openings; the first end of each elastic gripper being movable between a retracted position, in which the gripping beak of said first end is disposed in the corresponding longitudinal opening and entirely contained within the radial surface, and an extended position, in which the gripping beak of said first end forms a radial projection relative to the radial surface.The clamp body includes . in addition a second portion, axially adjacent to the first portion, a first end of the actuation element being connected to said second portion by a threading / tapping type mechanism.

[0007] Thus, thanks to the tubular structure of the clamp body, the clamp body aligns with the bore and the fixation can be easily removed, as the jaws are housed inside the tubular portion. The tubular clamp body also has the advantage of good centering, increased bearing surface on the jaws, better shear resistance, and higher tensile strength than a prior art temporary fixation.

[0008] According to other advantageous aspects of the invention, the fastener comprises one or more of the following features, taken individually or in all technically possible combinations:

[0009] - at least one end of the main body comprises a first form of rotational blockage;

[0010] - the fastening further comprising a retaining element, disposed in the body principal, said retaining element comprising a second form of rotational locking, capable of cooperating with the first form of rotational locking of the main body to lock the retaining element in rotation relative to the main body;

[0011] - the second portion of the clamp body and the retaining element comprise a first and second complementary rotation-locking devices, so that said clamp body is fixed in rotation and mobile in translation relative to the main body;

[0012] - the retaining element comprises an annular plate provided with a first orifice and two legs extending from said plate in a direction along the axis, the second portion of the clamp body being disposed between the legs of the retaining element and resting against the annular plate, the first tubular portion passing through the first orifice of the annular plate and extending axially in a direction opposite to the direction of the legs;

[0013] - the spreader is cylindrical in shape and extends along the axis inside the body of clamps, retaining element and actuating element;

[0014] - the spreader is integral with the retaining element;

[0015] - the spreader is integral with the actuation element;

[0016] - the first form of rotational blocking is a diametrical slot, the spreader includes at least one arm extending perpendicularly to the axis, said arm being housed in the diametrical slot; and the clamp body includes at least one longitudinal slot in which said arm is able to slide during a displacement of the clamp body relative to the spreader along the axis;

[0017] - a second end of the actuating element comprises a means rotational drive of said actuating element.

[0018] The invention further relates to a method of manufacturing a fastener as described above, comprising the following steps: manufacturing the radial surface, substantially cylindrical of revolution, of the first portion of the clamp body; then cutting said radial surface, so as to form the longitudinal openings and a roughing of the clamps; then shaping and bending said roughings to produce clamps maintaining the retracted position inside the longitudinal openings.

[0019] The invention further relates to a method of manufacturing a fastener as described above, comprising the following steps: manufacturing the radial surface, substantially cylindrical in revolution, of the first portion of the clamp body; then shaping recesses in said radial surface, so as to form the longitudinal openings; then fixing a clamp to a rear end of each of said longitudinal openings.

[0020] The invention will become clearer upon reading the following description, given solely by way of non-limiting example, and made with reference to the drawings in which:

[0021] [Fig-1] [Fig. 1] is an exploded view of a fastener according to a first embodiment of the invention;

[0022] [Fig.2] [Fig.2] is a cross-sectional view of the attachment of [Fig.1];

[0023] [Fig.3] [Fig.3] is a partially exploded view of a fastener according to a second method of implementing the invention;

[0024] [Fig.4] [Fig.4] is a cross-sectional view of the attachment of [Fig.3];

[0025] [Fig. 5] [Fig. 5] is an exploded view of a fastening according to a third mode of realization of the invention;

[0026] [Fig.6] [Fig.6] is a cross-sectional view of the attachment of [Fig.5];

[0027] [Fig.7] [Fig.7] is an exploded view of a fastening according to a fourth mode of realization of the invention; and

[0028] [Fig.8] [Fig.8] is a cross-sectional view of an assembly comprising the fastening of the [Fig.7].

[0029] Figures 1-2, 3-4, 5-6 and 7-8 show respectively: a fixation 10 according to a first embodiment of the invention; a fixation 110 according to a second embodiment of the invention; a fixation 210 according to a third embodiment of the invention; and a fixation 310 according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.

[0030] In the following description, the fasteners 10, 110, 210 and 310 will be described simultaneously, similar elements of the fasteners being designated by the same reference numbers.

[0031] The fastener 10, 110, 210, 310 is capable of temporarily joining at least two structures 12 to form an assembly 13. The structures 12 and the assembly 13 are visible in [Fig. 8]. For the sake of simplicity, the structures 12 are shown as a single unit, defining two opposing faces 14, 16. A hole 18 passes through the structures 12 from the first face 14 to the second face 16.

[0032] The fastener 10, 110, 210, 310 extends along an axis 20 and comprises: a main body 22, 122, 222, 322; a clamp body 24, 324; a plurality of elastic clamps 26; a spreader 28, 128, 328; and an actuating element 30, 130, 230, 330. In the first, second and third embodiments, the fastener 10, 110, 210 further comprises a retaining element 32, 132, 232.

[0033] In the embodiments shown, the main body 22, 122, 222, 322 is formed of a hollow tubular portion 34, 134, 234, 334, and an end piece 42. The tubular portion defines an internal cavity 36 that is substantially cylindrical about the axis 20. The tubular portion extends between a front end 38, 338 and a rear end 40. The end piece 42 is fixed to the front end 38, 338 of the tubular portion, preferably by a threaded connection. The end piece 42 includes a bearing face 44 that is substantially perpendicular to the axis 20 and is capable of contacting the first face 14 of the structures 12. The bearing face 44 has a central opening 46 that communicates with the internal cavity 36.

[0034] In the first, third, and fourth embodiments, the external surface of the tubular portion comprises means 48, 248, 348 for rotational locking, such as flats or teeth. These rotational locking means are particularly suitable for locking the main body 22, 222, 322 in rotation within a mounting nose (not shown).

[0035] In the second embodiment shown in Figures 3 and 4, the external surface of the main body 122 has a cylindrical shape. The rotational locking of the fastener 110 is achieved, for example, by means of a setting tool equipped with a roller cage.

[0036] The external shape of the main body is preferably adapted to the mounting method: the external surface of one of the four embodiments can thus be used in one of the three other embodiments, without impact on the internal functioning of the fixing 10, 110, 210, 310.

[0037] The front end 38, 338 of the tubular portion 34, 134, 234, 334 comprises a first rotation-locking form 49, 349. In the first, second, and third embodiments, said first rotation-locking form is a multi-faceted internal surface 49. In the fourth embodiment of Figures 7 and 8, said first rotation-locking form is a diametral groove 349, extending axially into the front end 338. The first rotation-locking form 49, 349 is suitable for blocking the rotation of, respectively, the retaining element 32, 132, 232 and the spacer 328, during the installation or removal of the fastener 10, 110, 210, 310, as will be described later.

[0038] The gripper body 24, 324 has a tubular shape and extends along the axis 20. The gripper body comprises a front portion 50, 350 and a rear portion 52, 352 axially adjacent and fixed to each other.

[0039] The front portion 50, 350 is intended to pass through the bore 18 of the structures 12.

[0040] The front portion 50, 350 comprises: a radial surface 54; a front wall 55; and a plurality of longitudinal openings 56.

[0041] The radial surface 54 is substantially cylindrical of revolution about the axis 20. The front wall 55 is substantially perpendicular to the axis 20 and forms an axial end of the radial surface 54, opposite the rear portion 52, 352.

[0042] In the embodiments shown, the front portion 50, 350 comprises two longitudinal cutouts or openings 56 parallel to the axis 20 and opposite each other with respect to said axis 20. Each longitudinal opening extends between a closed front and rear end. Said front end is preferably located at a first non-zero axial distance from the front wall 55.

[0043] In the fourth embodiment of Figures 7 and 8, the front portion 350 further comprises two slots 358 parallel to the axis 20 and opposite each other with respect to said axis 20. Each slot 358 extends between a front extremity and a rear extremity. Said front extremity is closed and is axially offset from the front extremities of the longitudinal openings 56. It is preferably located at a second non-zero axial distance from the front wall 55, greater than the first axial distance.

[0044] The longitudinal openings 56 and the slots 358 are regularly alternated angularly around the axis 20.

[0045] The rear portion 52, 352 has an external diameter greater than an external diameter of the radial surface 54 of the first portion. The rear portion is connected to the front portion by a shoulder 60, 360. A radial surface of the rear portion 52, 352 has a thread 62.

[0046] The rear portion 52, 352 includes a first element 64, 364 for locking the gripper body 24, 324 in rotation. In the first, second and third embodiments of the invention, the first element for locking the gripper body in rotation is formed by flats 64 parallel to the axis 20. More specifically, in the first, second and third embodiments, the rear portion 52 includes two flats 64 parallel to each other and arranged on either side of the axis 20.

[0047] In the fourth embodiment of Figures 7 and 8, the first rotation-locking element of the gripper body is formed by a transverse groove 364, formed in the shoulder 360 and passing through the second end of the slots 358 of the front portion 350.

[0048] The rear portion 52, 352 of the clamp body 24, 324 is disposed in the main body 22, 122, 222, 322; and the front portion 50, 350 passes through the central opening 46.

[0049] The elastic clips 26 are substantially identical, at least in number of two. Each elastic clip 26 extends between a first and a second end, the first end comprising a hooking beak 66.

[0050] The second end of each elastic clamp 26 is fixed to the second end of one of the longitudinal openings 56 of the clamp body 24, 124.

[0051] In each of Figures 1 to 6, the elastic grippers 26 are shown in a retracted configuration. In said retracted configuration, the gripping beak 66 of each elastic gripper 26 is disposed in the corresponding longitudinal opening 56. More precisely, in the retracted configuration, each elastic gripper 56, including the gripping beak 66, is entirely contained within the radial surface 54 of the front portion 50, 350 of the gripper body 24, 324.

[0052] In Figures 7 and 8, the elastic grippers 26 are shown in an extended configuration. In said extended configuration, the gripping beak 66 of each elastic gripper 26 forms a radial projection relative to the radial surface 54.

[0053] Each elastic gripper 26 is capable of elastically deforming between the retracted and extended configurations. In the absence of mechanical stress, each elastic gripper is in the retracted configuration, as shown in Figures 1 to 6.

[0054] The spacer 28, 128, 328 extends along the axis 20 between a first end 70, 370, called the front end, and a second end 72, 172, 372, called the rear end.

[0055] The spreader 28, 128, 328 passes through the central opening 46 of the main body 22, 122, 222, 322, so that the front ends 70, 370 and rear ends 72, 172, 372 are located respectively outside and inside said main body.

[0056] In the first, second and third embodiments, the spacer 28, 128, 228 has a cylindrical shape extending along the axis 20 between the front ends 70 and rear ends 72, 172.

[0057] In the fourth embodiment of Figures 7 and 8, the spreader 328 comprises: a main part 374, substantially straight along the axis 20 between the front end 370 and rear end 372; and at least one arm 375, extending perpendicularly to the axis 20 from the rear end 372. More specifically, in the embodiment shown, the spreader 328 has a T-shaped form and comprises two arms 375 extending perpendicularly to the axis 20 at the rear end 372.

[0058] The arms 375 of the spreader 328 are housed in the diametrical groove 349 of the tubular part 334 of the main body 322 so that the spreader is blocked in rotation and translation relative to the main body.

[0059] The actuation element 30, 130, 230, 330 is disposed inside the main body 22, 122, 222, 322. In the embodiments shown, the actuation element 30, 130, 230, 330 is fixed in translation and movable in rotation relative to the main body 22, 122, 222, 322.

[0060] The actuation element 30, 130, 230, 330 extends along the axis 20 between a front end 74 and a rear end 76, 176, 276, 376. The rear end 76, 176, 276, 376 of the actuation element is disposed at the rear end 40 of the body 22, 122, 222, 322.

[0061] The front end 74 of the actuating element 30, 130, 230, 330 is open and connected to the rear portion 52, 352 of the gripper body 24, 324 by a threading / tapping mechanism. In the embodiments shown, the actuating element 30, 130, 230, 330 has a tubular shape; and an internal surface of said actuating element includes a tapped hole 78 adapted to cooperate with the thread 62 of the rear portion 52, 352 of the gripper body 24, 324.

[0062] In the second and third embodiments, the rear end 172 of the spreader 128, 228 is fixed to the rear end 176, 276 of the actuating element 130, 230 for example by brazing or crimping, so that the spreader cannot rotate or move axially relative to the actuating element.

[0063] In the embodiments shown, the rear end 76, 176, 276, 376 of the actuating element 30, 130, 230, 330 comprises a means 80, 180, 280, 380 for rotational drive relative to the main body 22, 122, 222, 322. In the first, second and fourth embodiments, said rotational drive means is an axial imprint 80, 180, 380, forming a cavity in the rear end 76, 176, 376 of the actuating element. In the third embodiment of Figures 5 and 6, said rotational drive means is formed by panes 280 parallel to the axis 20 and provided on an external surface of the rear end 276 of the actuating element.

[0064] The retaining element 32, 132, 232 of the first, second, and third embodiments is disposed in the main body 22, 122, 222 and fixed against rotation and translation relative to said main body. Furthermore, said retaining element 32, 132, 232 comprises a second rotation-locking member 82, 182, 282, adapted to cooperate with the first rotation-locking member 64 to lock the gripper body 24 against rotation relative to the main body 22, 122, 222.

[0065] More specifically, the retaining element 32, 132, 232 comprises an annular plate 84 and two axially extending tabs 86, 186, 286. In the first and second In embodiments, the retaining element 32, 132 further comprises a connecting piece 88, 188.

[0066] The annular plate 84 is arranged perpendicularly to the axis 20 and has a first orifice 89, 289 centered on said axis 20. In the embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 4, the first orifice 89 has a shape complementary to the rear portion 52. In the embodiment shown in Figures 5-6, the central orifice 289 is cylindrical. In the embodiments shown in Figures 1 to 6, a minimum dimension of the first orifice 89, 289 is greater than the diameter of the front portion 50 of the gripper body. In the embodiment shown in Figures 5 and 6, the diameter of the orifice 289 is less than the outer diameter of the rear portion 52. The annular plate 84 is in contact with the tip 42, the center of the first orifice 89 being aligned with the center of the central opening 46 of said tip.

[0067] The front portion 50 of the gripper body 24 passes through the first orifice 89, 289 and extends axially in a direction opposite to the direction of the legs. In the embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 4, the rear portion 52 of the gripper body also passes through the first orifice 89. In the embodiment shown in Figures 5 and 6, the rear portion 52 rests against one face of the annular plate 84.

[0068] An external edge of the annular plate 84 has a second rotation-locking form 90, adapted to cooperate with the first rotation-locking form 49 of the front end 36 of the tubular part 34, 134, 234 of the main body 22, 122, 222. In the embodiments shown, the second rotation-locking form 90 is a multi-faceted external surface, adapted to fit into the multi-faceted internal surface 49 of the main body 22, 122, 222 to lock the retaining element 32, 132, 232 in rotation with respect to said main body. Other anti-rotation forms blocking the rotation of the retaining element 32, 132, 232 relative to the tubular part 33, 133, 233 can be implemented, such as for example a device of complementary grooves and splines.

[0069] The legs 86, 186, 286 form a rear projection relative to the annular plate 84 from an edge of the first orifice 89, 289. Said legs 86, 186 and / or said edge of the first orifice 89, 289 have flat surfaces 282 parallel to the axis 20. Said flat surfaces form the second rotation-locking element 82, 182, 282 and are adapted to come into contact with the flats 64 of the rear portion 52 of the gripper body 24.

[0070] The legs 86, 186, 286 extend inside the actuating element 30, 130, 230.

[0071] In the third embodiment of Figures 5 and 6, each leg 286 has a free rear end, opposite the annular plate 84. In the first and second embodiments, the connecting piece 88, 188 is integral with the rear ends of the legs 86, 186 opposite the annular plate 84. The connecting piece 88, 188 and the legs 86, 186, 286 are arranged inside the actuating element 30, 130.

[0072] In the first embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2, the rear end 72 of the spacer 28 is fixed to the connecting piece 88, for example by brazing or crimping. The spacer 28 is thus fixed in rotation and translation relative to the main body 22 and the actuating element 30. In the second embodiment shown in Figures 3 and 4, the connecting piece 188 has a second orifice 192 whose center is aligned with the center of the first orifice 89, 289, said second orifice being traversed by the rear end 172 of the spacer 128. Said spacer 128 is free to rotate in the orifices 89, 192 relative to the main body 122, since it is rotationally fixed to the actuating element 130.

[0073] In an initial state of the fixation 10, 110, 210, 310, the clamp body 24, 324 is in a first axial position relative to the main body 22, 122, 222, 322. The shoulder 60 of the clamp body 24, 124 of the fixations 10 and 110 is in contact with an inner face of the tip. The initial state of the fixation 10, 110, 210 is shown in particular in Figures 2, 4 and 6.

[0074] In the initial state of the fixation 10, 110, 210, 310, the hooking beaks 66 of the elastic clamps 26 are axially separated from the front end 70, 370 of the spreader 28, 128, 328; and said elastic clamps 26 are in the retracted configuration of figures 1 to 6.

[0075] In the initial state of the fastener 310 of figures 7 and 8, the arms 375 of the spreader 328 are housed in the slots 358 and in the transverse groove 364 of the clamp body 324.

[0076] In an installed state of the fixing 10, 110, 210, 310, the clamp body 24, 324 has a second axial position relative to the main body 22, 122, 222, 322. In said second axial position, the rear portion 52, 352 of the clamp body 24, 324 is closer to the rear end 40 of the main body 22, 122, 222, 322 than in the first axial position of the initial state.

[0077] The installed state of the fastener 310 is shown in [Fig.8] in assembly 13.

[0078] In the installed state of the fastener 10, 110, 210, 310, the hooking beaks 66 of the elastic clamps 26 are arranged around the front end 70, 370 of the spreader 28, 128, 328; and said elastic clamps 26 are in the deployed configuration of figures 7 and 8.

[0079] More specifically, in the assembly 13 of [Fig. 8], the gripper body 324 is disposed in the bore 18; the bearing face 44 of the main body 322 and the gripping jaws 66 of the elastic grippers 26 are in contact respectively with the first 14 and the second 16 faces of the structures 12; and an axial clamping force is exerted on said structures 12 by the fixing 310.

[0080] A method for installing the fastener 10, 110, 210, 310 will now be described.

[0081] At the beginning of the installation process, the fixing 10, 110, 210, 310 is in the initial state described above.

[0082] The fastener 10, 110, 210, 310 in its initial state is assembled to a manual or robotic setting tool (not shown), equipped with a setting nose or setting module as described, for example, in document FR3005886 on behalf of the Applicant. The robot or the operator inserts the gripper body 24, 324 into the hole 18 in the structures 12, until the bearing face 44 of the main body 22, 122, 222, 322 comes into contact with the first face 14 of said structures. The gripping jaws 66 of the elastic grippers 26 then form an axial projection relative to the second face 16 of the structures 12.

[0083] Next, the main body 22, 122, 222, 322 is held fixed by the setting tool relative to the structures 12; and the actuating element 30, 130, 230, 330 is driven in rotation relative to said main body. For this purpose, the nose or setting module is coupled by means 80, 180, 280, 380 of the rotational drive of the actuating element.

[0084] In the second and third embodiments, the rotation of the actuating element 130, 230 causes the spreader 128 to rotate, said spreader remaining fixed in translation relative to the main body 122, 222.

[0085] Under the effect of the rotation of the actuating element 30, 130, 230, 330, the tapping 78 cooperates with the thread 62 of the rear portion 52, 352 of the collet body 24, 324. Said collet body moves axially in the main body 22, 122, 222, 322 towards the rear end 40, while being blocked in rotation with respect to said main body.

[0086] More specifically, in the first, second, and third embodiments, the gripper body 24 moves axially relative to the retaining element 32, 132, 232 while being prevented from rotating by the cooperation of the first 64 and second 82, 182, 282 rotation-locking elements. In the fourth embodiment of Figures 7 and 8, the arms 375 of the spreader 328 slide in the slots 358 of the gripper body 324, ensuring that the gripper body is prevented from rotating relative to the main body 322.

[0087] Thus, the hooking beaks 66 of the elastic clamps 26 approach axially the front end 70, 370 of the spreader 28, 128, 328.

[0088] When said hooking jaws 66 reach said front end 70, 370, the hooking jaws 66 move apart from each other and form a radial projection with respect to the radial surface 54 of the clamp body 24, 324.

[0089] The rotation of the actuating element 30, 130, 230, 330 is continued until the hooking jaws 66 come into contact with the second face 16 of the structures 12 and the desired force is applied to said structures.

[0090] Disassembly of the assembly 13 thus formed is carried out by assembling the setting tool to the main body 22, 122, 222, 322 of the fastener, and by rotating the actuating element 30, 130, 230, 330 in the opposite direction, so as to return the fastener to its initial state. The fastener can then be separated from the structures 12 and reused.

[0091] A method for manufacturing the fastener 10, 110, 210, 310, in particular the body of the clamp 24, 324 and the clamps 26, will now be described.

[0092] According to a first embodiment, the radial surface 54 of the gripper body is cut with a wire, so as to form a blank of the grippers 26 in a single piece in the cylinder, as well as the longitudinal openings 56. The gripper blanks are then machined to form the jaws 66, and then bent, so as to retain their retracted position inside the gripper body.

[0093] According to a second embodiment, recesses are first made in the radial surface 54 of the clamp body to form the longitudinal openings 56; then a clamp 26 is fixed to the rear end of each of said longitudinal openings 56, for example by welding.

Claims

1. Demands Fastener (10, 110, 210, 310) for the temporary assembly of at least two pre-drilled structures, said fastener comprising: - a main hollow body (22, 122, 222, 322), extending along an axis (20); - a plurality of elastic clamps (26) extending between a first and a second end, the first end of each elastic clamp comprising a hooking beak (66); - a spreader (28, 128, 328) extending along the axis (20), the spreader being fixed in translation relative to the main body (22, 122, 222, 322); and - an actuation element (30, 130, 230, 330), extending along the axis inside the main body, said actuation element being fixed in translation and movable in rotation relative to the main body (22, 122, 222, 322); the actuation element having a tubular shape, an internal surface of said actuation element comprising a thread (78); the fixing being characterized in that it further comprises a tubular clamp body (24, 324), movable relative to the main body and extending along the axis; the clamp body comprising a first portion (50, 350) having: a radial surface (54), substantially cylindrical of revolution; and a plurality of longitudinal openings (56); each longitudinal opening extending between a first and a second end, the second end of each elastic clamp being fixed to the second end of one of the longitudinal openings; the first end of each elastic clamp being movable between a retracted position, in which the hooking beak (66) of said first end is disposed in the corresponding longitudinal opening and entirely contained within the radial surface (54), and a deployed position, in which the hooking beak of said first end forms a radial projection relative to the radial surface; the clamp body further comprising a second portion (52, 352), axially adjacent to the first portion, said second portion comprising a thread (62), a first end of the actuating element being connected to said thread of the second portion (52, 352) by the tapping (78) of the internal surface of said actuating element.

2. Fixing according to claim 1, wherein at least one end of the main body comprises a first form of rotational locking (49, 349).

3. Fixing (10, 110, 210) according to claim 2, further comprising a retaining element (32, 132, 232), disposed in the main body, said retaining element comprising a second form of rotational locking (90), capable of cooperating with the first form of rotational locking (49) of the main body to lock the retaining element in rotation relative to the main body.

4. Fixing according to claim 3, wherein the second portion (52) of the clamp body (24) and the retaining element comprise a first (64) and a second (282) complementary rotation-locking members, so that said clamp body is rotationally fixed and translationally movable relative to the main body.

5. Fixing (10, 110, 210) according to claim 4, wherein the retaining element comprises an annular plate (84) having a first orifice (89, 289) and two tabs (86, 186, 286) extending from said plate in a direction along the axis, the second portion (52) of the clamp body (24) being disposed between the tabs of the retaining element and resting against the annular plate, the first tubular portion passing through the first orifice of the annular plate and extending axially in a direction opposite to the direction of the tabs.

6. Fixing (10, 110, 210) according to claim 5, wherein the spreader (28) is cylindrical in shape and extends along the axis inside the body of the clamps (24), the retaining element (32, 132, 232) and the actuating element (30, 130, 230).

7. Fixing (10) according to claim 6, wherein the spacer is integral with the retaining element.

8. Fixing (110, 210) according to claim 6, wherein the spreader (128) is integral with the actuating element (130, 230).

9. A fastener (310) according to claim 2, wherein: the first form of rotational locking is a diametrical slot (349), the spreader (328) comprises at least one arm (375) extending perpendicular to the axis, said arm being housed in the diametrical slot (340); and the gripper body has at least one longitudinal slot (358) in which said arm is able to slide during a displacement of the gripper body (324) relative to the spreader along the axis (20).

10. Fixing according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a second end of the actuating element comprises a means (80, 180, 280, 380) for rotating said actuating element.

11. A method for manufacturing a fastener according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising the following steps: manufacturing the radial surface (54), substantially cylindrical in revolution, of the first portion (50, 350) of the clamp body (24, 324); then cutting said radial surface, so as to form the longitudinal openings (56) and a roughing of the clamps (26); then shaping and cambering said roughings to produce the clamps (26) retaining the retracted position inside the longitudinal openings.

12. A method for manufacturing a fastener according to any one of claims 1 to 10, comprising the following steps: manufacturing the radial surface (54), substantially cylindrical in revolution, of the first portion (50, 350) of the clamp body (24, 324); then providing recesses in said radial surface, so as to form the longitudinal openings (56); then attaching a clamp (26) to a rear end of each of said longitudinal openings (56).

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