SKIN CARE COMPOSITIONS

Abstract

SKIN CARE COMPOSITIONS Skin care compositions and, preferably, skin care compositions providing one or more improvements in the appearance of the skin and, in some cases, in the health of the skin are disclosed herein. According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a skin care composition comprising hyaluronic acid or a salt thereof, vitamin E, a peptide, an extract comprising one or more Silybum marianum extracts or a Pseudoalteromonas ferment extract, and water in an amount of about 45% by weight or more, based on the total weight of the skin care composition.

Description

Title of the invention: SKIN CARE COMPOSITIONS

[0001] CONTEXT

[0002] Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are free radicals that can react with various cellular proteins in the skin, e.g., collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycans. ROS cause cross-linking of collagen and elastin, leading to the appearance of wrinkles and decreasing the skin's ability to self-repair. Skin damage caused by ROS may therefore contribute to aging physiology or lead to skin disorders. Antioxidants can capture and reduce the excessive production of ROS and mitigate the damage they cause to cells in different tissues, including the skin.

[0003] Furthermore, in the skin health field, recent consumer trends require products to be as simple as possible, while still providing acceptable skin health benefits that consumers have become accustomed to with products containing a number of ingredients. However, when fewer ingredients are used, more emphasis is placed on optimizing the results and effectiveness of each ingredient to provide the consumer with antioxidants and skin health benefits.

[0004] BRIEF SUMMARY

[0005] This summary is intended merely to present a simplified summary of certain aspects of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Other areas of application of the present disclosure will become apparent in light of the detailed description provided below. This summary is not intended as an exhaustive overview, nor is it intended to identify key or crucial elements of the present teachings, or even to delimit the scope of the disclosure. Rather, it is intended to present one or more concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the detailed description that follows.

[0006] Certain aspects of the invention relate to skin care compositions and, preferably, to skin care compositions providing one or more improvements to the appearance of the skin and, in some cases, to the health of the skin. According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a skin care composition comprising hyaluronic acid or a salt thereof, vitamin E, a peptide, an extract comprising one or more extracts of Silybum marianum or an extract of Pseudoalteromonas ferment, and water in an amount of about 45% by weight or more, based on the total weight of the skin care composition.

[0007] According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for reducing wrinkles and / or improving the elasticity, homogeneity, luminosity and / or firmness of the skin. In some embodiments, the method comprises applying a skin care composition to the skin, wherein the skin care composition comprises hyaluronic acid or a salt thereof, vitamin E, a peptide, an extract comprising one or more Silybum marianum extracts or a Pseudoalteromonas ferment extract, and water in an amount of about 45% by weight or more, based on the total weight of the skin care composition.

[0008] According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method comprising: injecting a composition into an area of ​​skin; and applying a serum to the area of ​​skin, the serum comprising: hyaluronic acid or a salt thereof, vitamin E, a peptide, an extract comprising one or more Silybum marianum extracts or a Pseudoalteromonas ferment extract, and water in an amount of about 45% by weight or more, based on the total weight of the skin care composition.

[0009] It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating certain typical aspects of the disclosure, are provided solely for the purpose of illustration and do not limit the scope of the disclosure. Brief description of the drawings

[0010] The embodiment of the present technology will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the attached figures, in which:

[0011] [Fig. 1] is a bar graph showing the reduction of oxidizing species after application of non-limiting exemplary compositions in accordance with one aspect of the invention;

[0012] [Fig. 2] is a bar graph of the effect on elastin fibers after application of non-limiting exemplary compositions in accordance with one aspect of the invention;

[0013] [Fig. 3] is a bar graph of the effect on the expression of COL1A1, FBN1, COL7A1, LUM and TNC after application of non-limiting exemplary compositions in accordance with one aspect of the invention; and

[0014] [Fig. 4] is a bar graph of the effect on loricrin expression following application of non-limiting exemplary compositions in accordance with one aspect of the invention.

[0015] It should be understood that the various aspects are not limited to the conformations and instruments illustrated by the drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] For purposes of illustration, the principles of the present invention are described with reference to various exemplary embodiments. Although certain embodiments of the invention are specifically described herein, any person of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the same principles are also applicable to and may be used in other compositions and methods. Before explaining in detail the disclosed embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of any particular embodiment disclosed herein. The terminology used herein is intended to describe and not to limit.

[0017] As used herein, the singular form of any class of ingredients refers not only to a chemical species of that class, but also to a mixture of those chemical species. The terms "comprising," "including," and "having" may be used interchangeably. The term "include" shall be interpreted as "include, but not be limited to." The term "including" shall be interpreted as "including, but not limited to."

[0018] As used herein, ranges serve as a shorthand way to describe each value that is within the range. Any value within the range can be selected as the endpoint of the range. Thus, a range of 1 to 5 specifically includes 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, as well as subranges such as 2 -5, 3 - 5, 2 - 3, 2 - 4, 1 - 4, etc.

[0019] When referring to a number, the term "about" means any number within a 10% window on either side of the number. For example, the phrase "about 2% by weight" means a number between 1.8% by weight and 2.2% by weight.

[0020] Unless otherwise indicated, abbreviations and symbols used herein have their ordinary meanings. The abbreviation "% by weight" means the percentage by weight relative to the skin care composition. The symbol "°" means a degree, such as a degree of temperature or a degree of angle. The symbols "h", "min", "ml", "nm" and "pm" mean hour, minute, milliliter, nanometer and micrometer, respectively. The abbreviation "UV-VIS" referring to a spectrometer or spectroscopy means Ultraviolet-Visible. The abbreviation "rpm" means revolutions per minute.

[0021] In chemical structures and names, the symbols "C", "H" and "O" denote carbon, hydrogen and oxygen respectively. The symbols "-", "=" and "=" denote a single bond, a double bond and a triple bond respectively.

[0022] “Volatile” as used herein means that the flash point is less than about 100°C. “Non-volatile,” as used herein, means that the flash point is above about 100°C.

[0023] Any member of a species list used to illustrate or define a genus may be mutually different from, overlap with, be a subset of, be equivalent to, be nearly identical to, or be identical to any other member of the species list. Furthermore, unless explicitly stated, for example when stating a Markush group, the list of species that define or illustrate the genus is open, and it is recognized that there may be other species that might define or illustrate the genus just as well, if not better, than any other species on the list.

[0024] The phrases "a mixture of", "a combination of", or "a combination of two or more of" do not require that the mixture include all of A, B, C, D, E, and F (although all of A, B, C, D, E, and F may be included). Rather, it indicates that a mixture of two or more of A, B, C, D, E, and F may be included. In other words, this is equivalent to the phrase "one or more elements selected from the group consisting of A, B, C, D, E, F, and a mixture of two or more of A, B, C, D, E, and F". Similarly, the phrase "a salt thereof" also refers to "salts of its salts".Thus, when the disclosure refers to "an element selected from the group consisting of A, B, C, D, E, F, a salt thereof and a mixture thereof", it indicates that one or more of the elements A, B, C, D and F may be included, one or more of the salts of A, a salt of B, a salt of C, a salt of D, a salt of E and a salt of F, or a mixture of any two of the elements A, B, C, D, E and F, a salt of A, a salt of B, a salt of C, a salt of D, a salt of E and a salt of F.

[0025] All components and elements positively stated in the present disclosure may be negatively excluded from the claims. In other words, the skin care compositions of the present disclosure may be free or substantially free of all components and elements positively stated in the present disclosure. In some cases, the skin care compositions of the present disclosure may be substantially free of non-incidental amounts of the ingredient or compound described herein. A non-incidental amount of an ingredient or compound is the amount of that ingredient or compound that is added to the skin care composition by itself.For example, a skin care composition may be substantially free of a non-incidental amount of an ingredient or compound, although such ingredient(s) or compound(s) may be present as part of a raw material that is included as a mixture of two or more compounds.

[0026] Some of the identified component categories may overlap. In cases where there may be overlap and the skin care composition includes both components (or the composition includes more than two overlapping components), an overlapping compound does not represent more than one component. For example, some compounds may be characterized as both a surfactant and an emulsifier. If a particular skin care composition includes both a surfactant and an emulsifier, a compound characterized as both a surfactant and an emulsifier will serve only as a polyol or a sweetener, but not both.

[0027] In some instances, the skin care compositions of the present disclosure may be substantially free of non-incidental amounts or added amounts of the ingredient(s) or compound(s) described herein. A non-incidental amount of an ingredient or compound is the amount of that ingredient or compound that is added by itself to the skin care composition. For example, a skin care composition may be substantially free of a non-incidental amount of an ingredient or compound, although that ingredient(s) or compound(s) may be present as part of a starting material that is included as a mixture of two or more compounds.

[0028] For readability, chemical functional groups are presented in their adjectival form; for each of the adjectives, the word "group" is implied. For example, the adjective "alkyl," without the noun following it, should be read as "an alkyl group."

[0029] As used herein, the term "subject" refers to individuals (e.g., humans) to be treated with the methods or compositions of the present invention. Subjects include, but are not limited to, mammals (e.g., murine, simian, equine, bovine, porcine, canine, feline, and the like) and, preferably, humans. In the context of the invention, the term "subject" generally refers to an individual who will receive or has received treatment for a condition characterized by the presence of biofilm-forming bacteria, or in anticipation of possible exposure to biofilm-forming bacteria.

[0030] As used herein, the term "in vitro" refers to an artificial environment and to the processes or reactions that occur in an artificial environment. In vitro environments include, but are not limited to, test tubes and cell cultures. The term "in vivo" refers to the natural environment (e.g., an animal or a cell) and to the processes or reactions that occur in a natural environment.

[0031] Certain aspects of the invention relate to skin care compositions and, preferably, to skin care compositions providing one or more improvements to the appearance of the skin and, in some cases, to the health of the skin. According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a skin care composition comprising hyaluronic acid or a salt thereof, vitamin E, a peptide, an extract comprising one or more Silybum marianum extracts or a Pseudoalteromonas ferment extract, and water in an amount of about 45% by weight or more, based on the total weight of the skin care composition.

[0032] According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for reducing wrinkles and / or improving the elasticity, homogeneity, luminosity and / or firmness of the skin. In some embodiments, the method comprises applying a skin care composition to the skin, wherein the skin care composition comprises hyaluronic acid or a salt thereof, vitamin E, a peptide, an extract comprising one or more Silybum marianum extracts or a Pseudoalteromonas ferment extract, and water in an amount of about 45% by weight or more, based on the total weight of the skin care composition.

[0033] According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method comprising: injecting a composition into an area of ​​skin; and applying a serum to the area of ​​skin, the serum comprising: hyaluronic acid or a salt thereof, vitamin E, a peptide, an extract comprising one or more Silybum marianum extracts or a Pseudoalteromonas ferment extract, and water in an amount of about 45% by weight or more, based on the total weight of the skin care composition. In some cases, the serum may be applied to the area of ​​skin within 72 hours of injecting the composition.

[0034] The skin care compositions may be in the form of a serum, lotion, cream, balm, gel, mesotherapy injection composition, and / or other similar products. In some preferred embodiments, the skin care composition is a topical skin care composition, which may be in the form of a serum, lotion, cream, balm, and / or other similar products. In some embodiments, the skin care composition is in the form selected from: a serum, cream, moisturizer, mask, cleanser, facial makeup, and balm (e.g., lip balm). In some aspects, the skin care compositions of the present disclosure may be applied by injection (e.g., subcutaneous or dermal injection).In some cases, skin care composition refers to a product intended for use at home or in a professional setting. In some cases, the skin care composition may be in the form of an injectable mesotherapy composition.

[0035] In some embodiments, the skin care compositions may comprise a single phase, which contains all of the components and / or ingredients of the skin care composition. In other embodiments, the skin care composition may comprise two or more phases, such as two, three, four, or five phases. The composition may comprise a single phase or be a multi-phase system, for example, a system comprising a polar phase and an oil phase, optionally in the form of a stable emulsion. For example, the skin care composition may be in the form of an emulsion comprising more than one phase, for example, two phases or three phases. In some cases, the skin care composition may be in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion or a water-in-oil emulsion.

[0036] Suitable components, such as those listed below, may be included or excluded from the formulations of the skin care compositions depending on the specific combination of other ingredients and the form of the skin care compositions. The skin care compositions of the present disclosure may be liquid, semi-solid, or solid. The skin care compositions may be provided in any container, tube or container with a porous cap, roll-on type container, bottle, container with an open end, etc.

[0037] Skin care compositions generally comprise hyaluronic acid and / or a salt thereof. The hyaluronic acid and / or a salt thereof may comprise hyaluronic acid in the form of a salt, such as sodium hyaluronate. In some embodiments, the hyaluronic acid and / or a salt thereof comprises hyaluronic acid or non-adventitious amounts of hyaluronic acid. In other embodiments, the hyaluronic acid and / or a salt thereof comprises salts of hyaluronic acid (e.g., sodium hyaluronate) or non-adventitious amounts of salts of hyaluronic acid.

[0038] According to one embodiment, the hyaluronic acid or one of its salts comprises hydrolyzed hyaluronic acid.

[0039] The amount of hyaluronic acid and / or a salt thereof in the skin care composition may be from about 0.05 to about 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the skin care composition. For example, the total amount of hyaluronic acid and / or a salt thereof in the skin care composition may be from about 0.05 to about 5% by weight, from about 0.05 to about 4% by weight, from about 0.05 to about 3% by weight, from about 0.05 to about 2% by weight, from about 0.05 to about 1.5% by weight, from about 0.05 to about 1% by weight, from about 0.05 to about 0.8% by weight, from about 0.05 to about 0.6% by weight, from about 0.05 to about 0.4% by weight; from about 0.1 to about 5% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 4% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 3% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 2% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 1.5% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 1% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 0.8% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 0.6% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 0.4% by weight; from about 0.2 to about 5% by weight, from about 0.2 to about 4% by weight, from about 0.2 to about 3% by weight, from about 0.2 to about 2% by weight, from about 0.2 to about 1.5% by weight, from about 0.2 to about 1% by weight, from about 0.2 to about 0.8% by weight, from about 0.2 to about 0.6% by weight, from about 0.2 to about 0.4% by weight; from about 0.5 to about 5% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 4% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 3% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 2% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 1.5% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 1% by weight; from about 0.75 to about 5% by weight, from about 0.75 to about 4% by weight, from about 0.75 to about 3% by weight, from about 0.75 to about 2% by weight, from about 0.75 to about 1.5% by weight; from about 1.5 to about 5% by weight, from about 1.5 to about 4% by weight, from about 1.5 to about 3% by weight, from about 1.5 to about 2% by weight; from about 2 to about 5% by weight, from about 2 to about 4% by weight, from about 2 to about 3% by weight;from about 3 to about 5 wt. %, from about 3 to about 4 wt. %, or any range or sub-range thereof, based on the total weight of the skin care composition. Without being limited to any particular theory, certain embodiments of the skin care composition may provide desirable improvements to the appearance and / or health of the skin while utilizing a total amount of hyaluronic acid and / or a salt thereof of about 1 wt. % or less, about 0.8 wt. % or less, about 0.6 wt. % or less, about 0.5 wt. % or less, about 0.4 wt. % or less, or any range formed from the ranges and upper limits mentioned in this paragraph, wherein the weight percentage is based on the total weight of the skin care composition. ;

[0040] The hyaluronic acid and / or a salt thereof may have a low molecular weight (e.g., an average molecular weight of 300 kDA or less). In some embodiments, the hyaluronic acid and / or a salt thereof has an average molecular weight (MW) of about 100,000 Da or less. For example, the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid and / or a salt thereof is from about 10 kDa to about 75 kDa, from about 25 kDa to 75 kDa, from about 35 kDa to about 75 kDa, from about 40 kDa to about 75 kDa, from about 45 kDa to about 75 kDa, from about 50 kDa to about 75 kDa, from about 55 kDa to about 75 kDa, from about 60 kDa to about 75 kDa; from about 10 kDa to about 65 kDa, from about 25 kDa to 65 kDa, from about 35 kDa to about 65 kDa, from about 40 kDa to about 65 kDa, from about 45 kDa to about 65 kDa, from about 50 kDa to about 65 kDa, from about 55 kDa to about 65 kDa; from about 10 kDa to about 60 kDa, from about 25 kDa to 60 kDa, from about 35 kDa to about 60 kDa, from about 40 kDa to about 60 kDa, from about 45 kDa to about 60 kDa, from about 50 kDa to about 60 kDa; from about 10 kDa to about 55 kDa, from about 25 kDa to 55 kDa, from about 35 kDa to about 55 kDa, from about 40 kDa to about 55 kDa, from about 45 kDa to about 55 kDa; from about 10 kDa to about 50 kDa, from about 25 kDa to 50 kDa, from about 35 kDa to about 50 kDa, from about 40 kDa to about 50 kDa; from about 10 kDa to about 45 kDa, from about 25 kDa to 45 kDa; from about 10 kDa to about 40 kDa, from about 25 kDa to 40 kDa, from about 30 kDa to about 40 kDa, or any range or subrange thereof.In at least one embodiment, the skin care composition comprises hyaluronic acid having a molecular weight of about 50 kDa.

[0041] The skin care composition also includes a vitamin E. As used herein, unless otherwise indicated, the term "vitamin E" refers to a family of four tocopherol isomers and four tocotrienol isomers. The eight vitamin E isomers have a 6-chromanol ring structure and one side chain. The four tocopherols have fully saturated side chains and include alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol, beta-tocopherol, and delta-tocopherol. The four tocotrienols include unsaturated side chains as well as alpha-tocotrienol, gamma-tocotrienol, beta-tocotrienol, and delta-tocotrienol. For example, vitamin E may be or include one or more of alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol, beta-tocopherol, delta-tocopherol, alpha-tocotrienol, gamma-tocotrienol, beta-tocotrienol, delta-tocotrienol, or any combination thereof.In at least one embodiment, the vitamin E comprises at least one of the four tocopherols. It should be noted that the vitamin E and / or its isomers may be or include natural forms of vitamin E, synthetic forms of vitamin E, or combinations thereof. One or more of the isomers of vitamin E may be in the "d" form, the "l" form, or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the vitamin E is vitamin E acetate or vitamin E succinate. In some instances, the vitamin E is tocopheryl acetate.

[0042] In some embodiments, the skin care composition comprises one or more vitamins E selected from vitamin E acetate, vitamin E succinate, vitamin E acetate, or a combination of two or more of these vitamins. The vitamin E may, in some instances, be selected from the group consisting of alpha-tocopherol, beta-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol, delta-tocopherol, alpha-tocotrienol, beta-tocotrienol, gamma-tocotrienol, delta-tocotrienol, tocopherol acetate, tocopherol phosphate, natural extracts enriched with vitamin E derivatives, and combinations of two or more thereof. In at least one instance, the vitamin E includes tocopherol (e.g., alpha-tocopherol) or topically acceptable salts thereof.

[0043] The total amount of vitamin E in the skin care compositions may be from about 0.05 to about 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the skin care composition. For example, the total amount of vitamin E in the skin care composition may be from about 0.05 to about 3% by weight, from about 0.05 to about 1.5% by weight, from about 0.05 to about 1% by weight, from about 0.05 to about 0.8% by weight, from about 0.05 to about 0.6% by weight, from about 0.05 to about 0.4% by weight; from about 0.1 to about 5% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 3% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 1.5% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 1% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 0.8% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 0.6% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 0.4% by weight; from about 0.2 to about 5% by weight, from about 0.2 to about 3% by weight, from about 0.2 to about 1.5% by weight, from about 0.2 to about 1% by weight, from about 0.2 to about 0.8% by weight, from about 0.2 to about 0.6% by weight, from about 0.2 to about 0.4% by weight; from about 0.5 to about 5% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 3% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 1.5% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 1% by weight; from about 0.75 to about 5% by weight, from about 0.75 to about 3% by weight, from about 0.75 to about 1.5% by weight; from about 1 to about 5% by weight, from about 1 to about 4% by weight, from about 1 to about 3% by weight, from about 1 to about 2% by weight, from about 1 to about 1.5% by weight;from about 1.5 to about 5% by weight, from about 1.5 to about 4% by weight, from about 1.5 to about 3% by weight, from about 1.5 to about 2% by weight; from about 2 to about 5% by weight, from about 2 to about 4% by weight, from about 2 to about 3% by weight; from about 3 to about 5% by weight, from about 3 to about 4% by weight, or any range or subrange thereof, based on the total weight of the skin care composition. ;

[0044] Further, the skin care compositions generally comprise one or more peptides. The one or more peptides may comprise a plurality of peptides, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 peptides, or any other range formed therefrom. For example, the skin care composition may comprise 2 to 10 peptides, 2 to 8 peptides, 2 to 7 peptides, 2 to 6 peptides, 2 to 5 peptides, 2 to 4 peptides; 3 to 10 peptides, 3 to 8 peptides, 3 to 7 peptides, 3 to 6 peptides, 3 to 5 peptides, 3 or 4 peptides; from 4 to 10 peptides, from 3 to 8 peptides, from 3 to 7 peptides, from 3 to 6 peptides, from 3 to 5 peptides, from 3 or 4 peptides; from 4 to 10 peptides, from 4 to 8 peptides, from 4 to 7 peptides, from 4 to 6 peptides, from 4 or 5 peptides; from 5 to 10 peptides, from 5 to 8 peptides, from 5 to 7 peptides, from 5 or 6 peptides; from 6 to 10 peptides, from 6 to 8 peptides, from 6 or 7 peptides, or any range or subrange formed therefrom. In at least one embodiment, the skin care composition comprises 2 or more peptides, 3 or more peptides, 4 or more peptides, 5 or more peptides, 6 or more peptides, 7 or more peptides, or 8 or more peptides.

[0045] The peptide(s) may comprise diaminobutyroyl benzylamide diacetate, acetyl tetrapeptide-11, acetyl tetrapeptide-9, palmitoyl tripeptide-1, palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7, or a combination of two or more thereof. In some embodiments, the skin care composition comprises or consists of dipeptide diaminobutyroyl benzylamide diacetate, acetyl tetrapeptide-11, acetyl tetrapeptide-9, palmitoyl tripeptide-1, and palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7. The peptide(s) may comprise or be selected from dipeptides. In at least one embodiment, the peptide(s) comprise or consist of a dipeptide, diaminobutyroyl benzylamide diacetate.

[0046] The peptide(s) may be present in the skin care composition in an amount of up to about 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the skin care composition. In some cases, the skin care composition may include one or more peptides in an amount of up to about 0.7% by weight, up to about 0.4% by weight, up to about 0.2% by weight, up to about 0.1% by weight, or up to about 0.05% by weight; from about 0.001 to about 1% by weight; from about 0.001 to about 0.7% by weight, from about 0.001 to about 0.7% by weight; from about 0.01 to about 0.4% by weight, from about 0.01 to about 0.2% by weight, from about 0.01 to about 0.1% by weight, from about 0.01 to about 0.05% by weight, from about 0.01 to about 0.01% by weight; from about 0.005 to about 0.7% by weight, from about 0.005 to about 0.4% by weight, from about 0.005 to about 0.2% by weight, from about 0.005 to about 0.1% by weight;from about 0.01 to about 1% by weight, from about 0.01 to about 0.7% by weight, from about 0.01 to about 0.4% by weight, from about 0.01 to about 0.2% by weight, from about 0.01 to about 0.1% by weight; from about 0.1 to about 1% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 0.7% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 0.4% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 0.2% by weight; from about 0.2 to about 0.7% by weight, from about 0.2 to about 0.4% by weight, from about 0.4 to about 1% by weight, from about 0.4 to about 0.7% by weight, or any range or subrange thereof, based on the total weight of the skin care composition.;

[0047] In addition to hyaluronic acid and / or its salts, vitamin E and the peptide, the skin care composition generally comprises an extract comprising one or more Silybum marianum extracts or Pseudoalteromonas ferment extracts. In at least one embodiment, the extract consists essentially of a Silybum marianum extract, a Pseudoalteromonas ferment extract or a combination thereof. In certain preferable embodiments, the skin care composition of the skin includes both Silybum marianum extract and Pseudoalteromonas ferment extract.

[0048] The extract(s) may be present in the skin care composition in an amount of up to about 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the skin care composition. In some cases, the skin care composition may include extracts in an amount of up to about 0.7% by weight, up to about 0.4% by weight, up to about 0.2% by weight, up to about 0.1% by weight, or up to about 0.05% by weight; from about 0.001 to about 1% by weight; from about 0.001 to about 0.7% by weight, from about 0.001 to about 0.4% by weight, from about 0.001 to about 0.2% by weight, from about 0.001 to about 0.1% by weight, from about 0.001 to about 0.05% by weight, from about 0.001 to about 0.01% by weight; from about 0.005 to about 0.7% by weight, from about 0.005 to about 0.4% by weight, from about 0.005 to about 0.2% by weight, from about 0.005 to about 0.1% by weight;from about 0.01 to about 1% by weight, from about 0.01 to about 0.7% by weight, from about 0.01 to about 0.4% by weight, from about 0.01 to about 0.2% by weight, from about 0.01 to about 0.1% by weight; from about 0.1 to about 1% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 0.7% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 0.4% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 0.2% by weight; from about 0.2 to about 0.7% by weight, from about 0.2 to about 0.4% by weight, from about 0.4 to about 1% by weight, from about 0.4 to about 0.7% by weight, or any range or subrange thereof, based on the total weight of the skin care composition.;

[0049] The skin care composition may include one or more polyols, for example in an amount of about 4 to about 22% by weight, based on the total weight of the skin care composition.For example, the skin care composition may include one or more polyols in an amount of about 4 to about 18 wt%, about 4 to about 14 wt%, about 4 to about 10 wt%, about 4 to about 8 wt%; about 7 to about 22 wt%, about 7 to about 18 wt%, about 7 to about 14 wt%, about 7 to about 10 wt%; about 10 to about 22 wt%, about 10 to about 18 wt%, about 7 to about 14 wt%, about 7 to about 10 wt%; about 7 to about 22 wt%, about 10 to about 18 wt%, about 10 to about 14 wt%; from about 13 to about 22% by weight, from about 13 to about 18% by weight; from about 16 to about 22% by weight, from about 16 to about 20% by weight, from about 19 to about 22% by weight, or any range or subrange thereof, based on the total weight of the skin care composition.

[0050] The polyol(s) may be chosen from glycols or compounds comprising numerous hydroxyl groups. The term “polyol” should be understood as meaning, for the purposes of the present disclosure, an organic molecule comprising at least two free hydroxyl groups. The polyols in the skin care composition may be glycols or compounds with numerous hydroxyl groups. In some cases, the polyol(s) are selected from the group of C2-C32 polyols. The polyol(s) may have from 2 to 32 carbon atoms, from 3 to 16 carbon atoms, or from 3 to 12 carbon atoms.

[0051] Polyols that may be included in the skin care composition, in some cases, include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, caprylyl glycol, hexylene glycol, glycerin, diglycerin, diethylene glycol, and dipropylene glycol, and mixtures thereof. In some cases, the polyol is propylene glycol and / or caprylyl glycol. In other cases, the skin care composition includes at least propylene glycol, and optionally one or more polyols other than propylene glycol, such as glycerin and / or hexanediol.

[0052] Non-limiting examples of polyols that may optionally be included in the skin care composition include and / or may be selected from alkanediols such as glycerin, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, trimethylolpropane, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, pentylene glycol, hexylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 2-butene-1,4-diol, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, caprylyl glycol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,2-pentanediol and 4-methyl-1,2-pentanediol; glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether,diethylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-isopropyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-isopropyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-t-butyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-t-butyl ether, 1-methyl-l-methoxybutanol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol mono-t-butyl ether, propylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, propylene glycol mono-isopropyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monoethyl ether, dipropylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, dipropylene glycol mono-isopropyl ether, sorbitol, sorbitan, triacetin, and a combination of two or more of these.

[0053] The polyol(s) may optionally be glycols or glycol ethers such as, for example, monomethyl, monoethyl and monobutyl ethers of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or their ethers such as, for example, ether monomethyl ether of propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, dipropylene glycol as well as alkyl ethers of diethylene glycol, for example, monoethyl ether or monobutyl ether of diethylene glycol. In some cases, the polyol(s) may include or be selected from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, pentylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, hexane-1,6-diol, glycerin, diglycerin, caprylyl glycol, and a mixture thereof. Non-limiting examples of polyols that may be included in the skin care composition, in some instances, include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, diglycerin, diethylene glycol and dipropylene glycol, and a combination of two or more thereof.

[0054] In some embodiments, the skin care composition comprises two or more polyols. In at least one embodiment, the skin care composition comprises propylene glycol and glycerin. In some instances, the polyols comprise propylene glycol and glycerin. In some preferred embodiments, the skin care compositions may have a polyol system comprising propylene glycol and glycerin in a weight ratio of propylene glycol to glycerin of about 2:1 to about 1:3. For example, the skin care composition may have a weight ratio of propylene glycol to glycerin of about 2:1 to about 1:3, about 1:1 to about 1:3, about 1:1.25 to about 1:3, about 1:1.5 to about 1:3, about 1:1.75 to about 1:3, about 1:2 to about 1:3, about 1:1 to about 1:2.5, about 1:1.25 to about 1:2.5, about 1:1.5 to about 1:2.5, from about 1:1.5 to about 1:2.5, from about 1:1.75 to about 1:2.5, from about 1:2 to about 1:2; from about 1:1 to about 1:2, from about 1:1.25 to about 1:2, from about 1:1.5 to about 1:2, about 1:1.75 to about 1:2; from about 1:1 to about 1:1.5, from about 1:1.25 to about 1:1.5, from about 1:1 to about 1:1.25, or any range or subrange thereof.

[0055] Skin care compositions may optionally include one or more humectants. The one or more humectants may be selected from the polyols described herein. Examples of humectants that may be incorporated in some embodiments include triethylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, propylene glycol, caprylyl glycol, glycerin, polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycol, glycerin, sorbitol, hexylene glycol, butylene glycol, hyaluronic acid, 1,2 hexanediol, saccharide isomerate, and a combination of two or more thereof. In some cases, the one or more humectants include at least one of the following: glycerin, caprylyl glycol, propylene glycol, or polyethylene glycol and, optionally, one or more additional humectants. Humectants may reduce evaporation and contribute to preservation by decreasing water activity and also impart a desirable sweetness or flavor to the compositions. In at least one embodiment, the humectant(s) comprise glycerin.

[0056] The skin care composition may include one or more nonionic surfactants in an amount that may vary, but may be from about 0.1 to about 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the skin care composition. In some cases, the skin care composition comprises one or more nonionic surfactants in an amount ranging from about 0.1 to about 5% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 4% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 3% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 2% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 1% by weight; from about 0.5 to about 5% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 4% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 3% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 2% by weight.%; from about 1 to about 5% by weight, from about 1 to about 4% by weight, from about 1 to about 3% by weight, from about 1 to about 2% by weight; from about 2 to about 5% by weight, from about 2 to about 4% by weight, from about 2 to about 3% by weight; from about 3 to about 5% by weight, from about 3 to about 4% by weight, or any range or subrange thereof, based on the total weight of the skin care composition.

[0057] The skin care composition may comprise one or more nonionic surfactants selected from pegylated castor oils, polyglycerol esters, poloxamers, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, alkylphenol ethoxylates, tertiary amine oxides, glucosides and a combination of two or more thereof. In at least one embodiment, the only surfactants in the skin care composition are nonionic surfactants selected from pegylated castor oils and polyglycerol esters.

[0058] The pegylated castor oils may have a pegylated chain of about 10 to about 80. In some embodiments, the pegylated castor oils may have a pegylated chain of about 10 to about 80, about 10 to about 70, about 10 to about 60, about 10 to about 50, about 10 to about 40; about 20 to about 80, about 20 to about 70, about 20 to about 60, about 20 to about 50, about 20 to about 40; about 40 to about 80, about 40 to about 70, about 40 to about 60, about 60 to about 80, or any range or subrange thereof. In at least one embodiment, the skin care composition comprises one or more nonionic surfactants, including PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil.

[0059] Other examples of nonionic surfactants worth mentioning include long chain alkyl glucosides having C8-C22 alkyl groups; coconut fatty acid monoethanolamides such as cocamide MEA; coconut fatty acid diethanolamides, fatty alcohol ethoxylates (alkylpolyethylene glycols); alkylphenol polyethylene glycols; alkyl mercaptan polyethylene glycols; fatty amine ethoxylates (alkylaminopolyethylene glycols); fatty acid ethoxylates (acylpolyethylene glycols); polypropylene glycol ethoxylates; fatty acid alkylolamides (polyethylene glycol fatty acid amides); N-alkyl-, N-alkoxypolyhydroxy fatty acid amides; sucrose esters; sorbitol esters; polyglycol ethers; and combinations of two or more thereof.

[0060] The skin care composition may optionally include one or more amphoteric surfactants.In some cases, the skin care composition comprises one or more amphoteric surfactants in an amount of about 0.1 to about 5% by weight, about 0.1 to about 4% by weight, about 0.1 to about 3% by weight, about 0.1 to about 2% by weight, about 0.1 to about 1% by weight, about 0.1 to about 2% by weight, about 0.1 to about 1% by weight; about 0.5 to about 5% by weight, about 0.5 to about 4% by weight, about 0.5 to about 3% by weight, about 0.5 to about 2% by weight; from about 1 to about 5% by weight, from about 1 to about 4% by weight, from about 1 to about 3% by weight, from about 1 to about 2% by weight; from about 2 to about 5% by weight, from about 2 to about 4% by weight, from about 2 to about 3% by weight; from about 3 to about 5% by weight, from about 3 to about 4% by weight, or any range or subrange thereof, based on the total weight of the skin care composition.

[0061] Amphoteric surfactants include, but are not limited to, aliphatic secondary and tertiary amine derivatives in which the aliphatic radical may be straight or branched and in which one of the aliphatic substituents contains about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and the other contains a water-solubilizing anionic group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate. Examples of such compounds include sodium 3-dodecylaminopropionate, sodium 3-dodecylaminopropanesulfonate, N-alkyl taurines, and N-higher alkyl aspartic acids.

[0062] Other examples of amphoteric surfactants include, but are not limited to, a range of betaines, including, for example, high alkyl betaines, such as coco dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl carboxy-methyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl alpha-carboxyethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)carboxy methyl betaine, stearyl bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)carboxymethyl betaine, oleyl dimethyl gamma-carboxypropyl betaine, and lauryl bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)alpha-carboxyethyl betaine, sulfobetaines such as coco dimethyl sulfopropyl betaine, stearyl dimethyl sulfopropyl betaine, amido-betaines, amidosulfobetaines and the like. Betaines having a long-chain alkyl group, particularly coco, may be useful, as are those that include an amido group, such as cocamidopropyl and cocoamidoethyl betaines. The amphoteric surfactant(s) may be in the form of a salt.

[0063] The skin care composition may include one or more silicone surfactants. The amount of silicone surfactant(s) present in the skin care composition may be from about 0.1 to about 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the skin care composition. For example, the total amount of one or more silicone surfactants in the skin care composition may be from about 0.1 to about 4% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 3% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 2% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 1% by weight; from about 0.5 to about 5% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 4% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 3% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 2% by weight; from about 1 to about 5% by weight.%; from about 1 to about 5% by weight, from about 1 to about 4% by weight, from about 1 to about 3% by weight, from about 1 to about 2% by weight; from about 2 to about 5% by weight, from about 2 to about 4% by weight, from about 2 to about 3% by weight; from about 3 to about 5% by weight, from about 3 to about 4% by weight, or any range or subrange thereof, based on the total weight of the skin care composition.

[0064] The silicone-based surfactant may comprise or consist of anionic silicone-based surfactants. For example, the silicone-based surfactant(s) may comprise methylsilanol mannuronate, hydroxyethyl acetomonium PG-dimethicone, lauryl polydimethylsiloxyethyl dimethicone, or a combination of two or more thereof. The skin care composition may comprise or be free of cationic surfactants.

[0065] The skin care composition generally comprises water in an amount of about 45% by weight or more, based on the total weight of the skin care composition. For example, the total amount of water in the skin care composition may be about 45-94% by weight, about 50-94% by weight, about 55-94% by weight, about 60-94% by weight, about 65-94% by weight, about 70-94% by weight, about 75-94% by weight, about 80-94% by weight; about 45 to 90% by weight, about 50 to 90% by weight, about 55 to 90% by weight, about 60 to 90% by weight, about 65 to 90% by weight, about 70 to 90% by weight, about 65 to 90% by weight; about 45 to 90% by weight, about 50 to 90% by weight, about 55 to 90% by weight.%, from about 60 to about 90% by weight, from about 65 to about 90% by weight, from about 70 to about 90% by weight, from about 75 to about 90% by weight, from about 80 to about 90% by weight; from about 45 to about 86% by weight.%, from about 50 . about 86% by weight, about 55 to about 86% by weight, about 60 to about 86% by weight, about 65 to about 86% by weight, about 70 to about 86% by weight, about 75 to about 86% by weight, about 80 to about 86% by weight; about 45 to about 82% by weight, about 50 to about 82% by weight, about 55 to about 82% by weight, about 60 to about 82% by weight, about 65 to about 82% by weight, about 70 to about 82% by weight, about 75 to about 82% by weight; from about 45 to about 78% by weight, from about 50 to about 78% by weight, from about 55 to about 78% by weight, from about 60 to about 78% by weight, from about 65 to about 78% by weight, from about 70 to about 78% by weight; from about 45 to about 73% by weight, from about 50 to about 73% by weight, from about 55 to about 73% by weight, from about 60 to about 73% by weight;from about 45 to about 68% by weight, from about 50 to about 68% by weight, from about 55 to about 68% by weight; ; from about 45 to about 63% by weight, from about 50 to about 63% by weight, or any range or subrange thereof, based on the total weight of the skin care composition.

[0066] Without being limited to particular theories, it is believed that skin care compositions may provide enhanced and / or additional benefits by incorporating certain amino acids, vitamin B and / or pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and / or salts thereof in certain amounts and ratios. For example, the addition of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and / or sodium PCA and / or niacinamide / vitamin B3 in combination with vitamin E (e.g., alpha-tocopherol) and a thiourea derivative of histidine (e.g., ergothioneine) may unexpectedly enhance and / or provide additional benefits in combination with the components of the skin care compositions disclosed herein.

[0067] In some embodiments, the skin care composition comprises a histidine thiourea derivative. The histidine thiourea derivative may comprise ergothioneine or, in some embodiments, consists of ergothioneine. The histidine thiourea derivative (e.g., ergothioneine) may be present in an amount ranging from about 0.001 to about 2% by weight, e.g., from 0.001 to about 2% by weight, from 0.001 to about 1.5% by weight, from 0.001 to about 1.25% by weight, from 0.001 to about 1% by weight, from 0.001 to about 0.5% by weight, from 0.001 to about 0.1% by weight, from 0.001 to about 0.05% by weight, from 0.001 to about 0.01% by weight, from about 0.001 to about 0.009% by weight, from about 0.001 to about 0.008% by weight, from about 0.001 to about 0.0075% by weight, from about 0.001 to about 0.007% by weight, from about 0.001 to about 0.0065% by weight, from about 0.001 to about 0.006% by weight, about 0.001 to about 0.0055 wt%, about 0.001 to about 0.005 wt%, about 0.001 to about 0.0045 wt%, about 0.001 to about 0.004 wt%, about 0.001 at about 0.0035 wt%, about 0.001 to about 0.003 wt%, about 0.001 at about 0.0025 wt%, about 0.001 to about 0.002 wt%, about 0.001 at about 0.0015% by weight, or any range or subrange thereof, relative to to the total weight of the composition (e.g. where the weight refers to the active weight of the thiourea derivative of histidine or EGT). In some embodiments, the thiourea derivative of histidine (e.g., ergothioneine) is present in an amount of about 0.0015 wt.%, about 0.002 wt.%, about 0.0025 wt.%, about 0.003 wt.%, about 0.0035 wt.%, about 0.004 wt.%, about 0.0045 wt.%, about 0.005 wt.%, about 0.0055 wt.%, about 0.006 wt.%, about 0.0075 wt.%, about 0.008 wt.%, about 0.009 wt.%, about 0.01% by weight, about 0.05% by weight, about 0.1% by weight, about 0.5% by weight, about 1% by weight, or any range or subrange thereof, based on the total weight of the composition (e.g.where the weight refers to the active weight of the thiourea derivative of histidine or EGT).

[0068] The skin care composition may comprise one or more B vitamins. The vitamin B may comprise or consist of vitamin B3 and / or its derivatives. The formula of vitamin B3 may comprise the following structure:

[0069] where R is -CONH2 (i.e. niacinamide), -COOH (i.e. nicotinic acid) or -CH2 OH (i.e. nicotinic alcohol); a derivative thereof and / or a salt thereof.

[0070] Vitamin B3 and / or one of its derivatives may be selected from the group consisting of nicotinic acid esters, non-vasodilating nicotinic acid esters, nicotinic amino acids, nicotinic alcohol esters of carboxylic acids (e.g., straight or branched chain, cyclic or acyclic, saturated or unsaturated - including aromatic), substituted or unsubstituted nicotinic acid N-oxide, niacinamide N-oxide, tocopherol nicotinate, inositol hexanicotinate, and a combination of two or more of these. Examples of niacinamide derivatives include nicotinylated amino acids, derived, for example, from the reaction of an activated nicotinic acid compound (e.g., nicotinic acid azide or nicotinyl chloride) with an amino acid, and esters nicotinic alcohol of organic carboxylic acids (e.g., C1-C18). Nicotinuric acid and nicotinyl hydroxamic acid are examples of such derivatives.

[0071] Other derivatives of niacinamide include nicotinic alcohol esters, such as nicotinic alcohol esters of carboxylic acids, salicylic acid, acetic acid, glycolic acid, palmitic acid and others. Other examples of niacinamide derivatives include 2-chloronicotinamide, 6-aminonicotinamide, 6-methylnicotinamide, n-methylnicotinamide, n,n-diethylnicotinamide, n-(hydroxymethyl)-nicotinamide, Quinolinic acid amide, nicotinanilide, n-benzylnicotinamide, n-benzylnicotinamide, n-benzylnicotinamide, n-benzylnicotinamide, etc., n-benzylnicotinamide, n-ethylnicotinamide, nifenazone, nicotinaldehyde, isonicotinic acid, methyl-isonicotinic acid, thionicotinamide, nialamide, l-(3-pyridylmethyl) urea, 2-mercaptonicotinic acid, nicomol, niaprazine, and their combinations.In at least one embodiment, the vitamin B comprises or consists of niacinamide.

[0072] The amount of vitamin B present in the skin care composition may be from about 0.1 to about 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the skin care composition.For example, the skin care composition may comprise a total amount of vitamin B of about 0.1 to about 4% by weight, about 0.1 to about 3% by weight, about 0.1 to about 2% by weight, about 0.1 to about 1% by weight, about 0.1 to about 0.7% by weight; about 0.3 to about 5% by weight, about 0.3 to about 4% by weight, about 0.3 to about 3% by weight, about 0.3 to about 2% by weight, about 0.3 to about 1% by weight, about 0.3 to about 0.7% by weight; from about 0.5 to about 5% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 4% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 3% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 2% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 1% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 0.7% by weight; from about 0.7 to about 5% by weight, about 0.7 to about 4% by weight, about 0.7 to about 3% by weight, about 0.7 to about 2% by weight, about 0.7 to about 1% by weight; about 1 to about 5% by weight, about 1 to about 4% by weight, about 1 to about 3% by weight, about 1 to about 2% by weight, about 1 to about 1.5% by weight, about 1 to about 1.25% by weight; about 1.25 to about 5% by weight, about 1.25 to about 4% by weight, about 1.25 to about 3% by weight, about 1.25 to about 2% by weight; about 1.5 to about 5% by weight, about 1.5 to about 4% by weight, about 1.5 to about 3% by weight, about 1.5 to about 2% by weight; from about 2 to about 5% by weight, from about 2 to about 4% by weight, from about 2 to about 3% by weight; from about 3 to about 5% by weight, from about 3 to about 4% by weight, or any range or subrange thereof, based on the total weight of the composition. for skin care. In some embodiments, the amount of vitamin B in the skin care composition is about 4.75 wt%, about 4.5 wt%, about 4.25 wt%, about 4 wt%, about 3.75 wt%, about 3.5 wt%, about 3.25 wt%, about 3 wt%, about 2.75 wt%, about 2.5 wt%, about 2.25 wt%, about 2 wt%, about 1.75 wt%, about 1.5 wt%, about 1.25 wt%, about 1 wt%, about 0.5 wt%, or any range thereof, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0073] Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and / or a salt thereof may be incorporated into certain embodiments of the skin care composition. The pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and / or a salt thereof may be in the form of a salt, such as sodium PCA. In certain embodiments, the total amount of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and / or a salt thereof is pyrrolidone carboxylic acid or non-incidental amounts of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid. In other embodiments, the total amount of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and / or a salt thereof is salts of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (e.g., sodium PCA) or non-incidental amounts of salts of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid. Pyrrolidone-carboxylic acid and / or a salt thereof may comprise L-pyrrolidone-carboxylic acid and / or a salt thereof.

[0074] In some embodiments, the skin care composition comprises pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and / or its salt(s) in an amount of about 0.1 to about 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the skin care composition. For example, the total amount of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and / or its salt(s) in the skin care composition may be about 0.1 to about 5% by weight, about 0.1 to about 4% by weight, about 0.1 to about 3% by weight, about 0.1 to about 2% by weight, about 0.1 to about 1% by weight, about 0.1 to about 0.7% by weight; from about 0.3 to about 5% by weight, from about 0.3 to about 4% by weight, from about 0.3 to about 3% by weight, from about 0.3 to about 1% by weight, from about 0.3 to about 0.7% by weight;from about 0.5 to about 5% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 4% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 3% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 2% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 1% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 0.7% by weight; from about 0.7 to about 5% by weight, from about 0.7 to about 4% by weight; from about 0.7 to about 3% by weight, from 0.7 to about 2% by weight, from about 0.7 to about 1% by weight; from about 1 to about 5% by weight, from about 1 to about 4% by weight, from about 1 to about 3% by weight, from about 1 to about 2% by weight, from about 1 to about 1.5% by weight, from about 1 to about 1.25% by weight; from about 1.25 to about 5% by weight, from about 1.25 to about 4% by weight, from about 1.25 to about 3% by weight, from about 1.25 to about ; 2% by weight; from about 1.5 to about 5% by weight, from about 1.5 to about 4% by weight, from about 1.5 to about 3% by weight, from about 1.5 to about 2% by weight; from about 2 to about 5% by weight, from about 2 to about 4% by weight, from about 2 to about 3% by weight; from about 3 to about 5% by weight, from about 3 to about 4% by weight, or any range or subrange thereof, based on the total weight of the skin care composition.

[0075] The skin care compositions may comprise one or more amino acids. The amino acids may be selected from arginine, lysine, serine, citrulline, omithine, creatine, histidine, diaminobutanoic acid, diaminoproprionic acid, alanine, aminobutyrate, asparagine, cysteine, cystine, glutamine, glycine, hydroxyproline, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, taurine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine, one of their salts or a combination of two or more thereof.

[0076] The skin care composition may include one or more amino acids in an amount of about 0.01 to about 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the skin care composition. In some embodiments, the skin care composition may include an amino acid in an amount of about 0.01 to about 2% by weight, about 0.01 to about 1.7% by weight, about 0.01 to about 1.4% by weight, about 0.01 to about 1.2% by weight, about 0.01 to about 1% by weight, about 0.01 to about 0.8% by weight, about 0.01 to about 0.6% by weight, about 0.01 to about 0.4% by weight, about 0.01 to about 0.2% by weight, about 0.01 to about 0.1% by weight, about 0.01 to about 0.05% by weight;from about 0.05 to about 3% by weight, from about 0.05 to about 2% by weight, from about 0.05 to about 1.7% by weight, from about 0.05 to about 1.4% by weight, from about 0.05 to about 1.2% by weight, from about 0.05 to about 1% by weight, from about 0.05 to about 0.8% by weight, from about 0.05 to about 0.6% by weight, from about 0.05 to about 0.4% by weight, from about 0.05 to about 0.2% by weight, from about 0.05 to about 0.1% by weight; from about 0.1 to about 3% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 2% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 1.7% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 1.4% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 1.2% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 1% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 0.8% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 0.6% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 0.4% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 0.2% by weight;from about 0.3 to about 3% by weight, from about 0.3 to about 2% by weight, from about 0.3 to about 1.7% by weight, from about 0.3 to about 1.4% by weight, from about 0.3 to about 1.2% by weight, from about 0.3 to about 1% by weight, from about 0.3 to about 0.8% by weight, from about 0.3 to about 0.6% by weight; from about 0.6 to about 3% by weight, from about 0.6 to about 2% by weight, from about 0.6 to about 1.7% by weight, ; from about 0.6 to about 1.4% by weight, from about 0.6 to about 1.2% by weight, from about 0.6 to about 1% by weight; from about 1 to about 3% by weight, from about 1 to about 2% by weight, from about 1 to about 1.7% by weight, from about 1 to about 1.4% by weight, from about 1 to about 1.2% by weight; from about 1.5 to about 3% by weight, from about 1.5 to about 2% by weight, from about 2 to about 3% by weight, or any range or subrange thereof, based on the total weight of the skin care composition.

[0077] The total amount of amino acid(s) present in the skin care composition may be from about 0.1 to about 7% by weight, based on the total weight of the skin care composition. For example, the total amount of amino acid(s) in the skin care composition may be about 0.1 to about 6% by weight, about 0.1 to about 5% by weight, about 0.1 to about 3% by weight, about 0.1 to about 2% by weight, about 0.1 to about 1% by weight, about 0.1 to about 1.7% by weight, about 0.1 to about 1.4% by weight, about 0.1 to about 1.2% by weight, about 0.1 to about 1% by weight, about 0.1 to about 0.8% by weight, about 0.1 to about 0.6% by weight, about 0.1 to about 0.4% by weight, about 0.1 to about 0.2% by weight;from about 0.3 to about 7% by weight, from about 0.3 to about 5% by weight, from about 0.3 to about 3% by weight, from about 0.3 to about 2% by weight, from about 0.3 to about 1.7% by weight, from about 0.3 to about 1.4% by weight, from about 0.3 to about 1.2% by weight, from about 0.3 to about 1% by weight, from about 0.3 to about 0.8% by weight, from about 0.3 to about 0.6% by weight; from about 0.6 to about 7% by weight, from about 0.6 to about 5% by weight, from about 0.6 to about 3% by weight, from about 0.6 to about 2% by weight, from about 0.6 to about 1.7% by weight, from about 0.6 to about 1.4% by weight, from about 0.6 to about 1.2% by weight, from about 0.6 to about 1% by weight; from about 1 to about 7% by weight, from about 1 to about 5% by weight, from about 1 to about 3% by weight, from about 1 to about 2% by weight, from about 1 to about 1.7% by weight, from about 1 to about 1.4% by weight, from about 1 to about 1.2% by weight;from about 1.5 to about 7% by weight, from about 1.5 to about 5% by weight, from about 1.5 to about 3% by weight, from about 1.5 to about 2% by weight; from about 2 to about 7% by weight, from about 2 to about 5% by weight, from about 2 to about 3% by weight; from about 3 to about 7% by weight, from about 3 to 5% by weight; from about 4 to about 7% by weight, from about 4 to 6% by weight, or any range or subrange thereof, based on the total weight of the skin care composition. ;

[0078] In certain preferred embodiments, the amino acid component comprises taurine, arginine, glycine, or a combination of two or more thereof.

[0079] In certain preferred embodiments, the skin care composition comprises taurine, arginine and glycine.

[0080] The skin care composition may be specifically formulated to contain taurine, arginine, and glycine in a taurine / arginine / glycine (taurine:arginine:glycine) weight ratio of (1.5 - 69):(0.5 - 40):(0.5 - 1.5), respectively. For example, the skin care composition may be formulated to have a weight ratio of taurine, arginine, and glycine (taurine:arginine:glycine) of about 85:45:1 to about 45:24:1. In some embodiments, the skin care composition has a weight ratio of taurine, arginine, and glycine of about 80:42:1 to about 50:30:1; about 75:40:1 to about 55:29:1; from about 70:37:1 to about 60:31:1, or any range or subrange thereof. In at least one embodiment, the skin care composition comprises a weight ratio of taurine, arginine, and glycine of about (65):(34):(1), respectively.

[0081] In at least one embodiment, the skin care composition comprises: • taurine, arginine and glycine, wherein the skin care composition has a weight ratio of taurine, arginine and glycine (taurine:arginine:glycine) of (1.5 -69):(0.5 - 40):(0.5 - 1.5), respectively (e.g. in a weight ratio of about (65):(34):(1), respectively); • ergothioneine (EGT); • alpha-tocopherol; and • vitamin B3 / niacinamide.

[0082] In at least one embodiment, the skin care composition comprises: • taurine, arginine and glycine, wherein the skin care composition has a weight ratio of taurine, arginine and glycine (taurine:arginine:glycine) of (1.5 - 69):(0.5 - 40):(0.5 - 1.5), respectively (e.g. in a weight ratio of about (65):(34):(1), respectively); • ergothioneine (EGT); • alpha-tocopherol; and • pyrrolidone-carboxylic acid and / or one of its salts (e.g. sodium PCA).

[0083] In at least one embodiment, the skin care composition comprises: • taurine, arginine and glycine, wherein the skin care composition has a weight ratio of taurine, arginine and glycine (taurine:arginine:glycine) of (1.5 - 69):(0.5 - 40):(0.5 - 1.5), respectively (e.g. in a weight ratio of about (65):(34):(1), respectively); • ergothioneine (EGT); • alpha-tocopherol; • pyrrolidone-carboxylic acid and / or one of its salts (e.g. sodium PCA); and • vitamin B3 / niacinamide.

[0084] In at least one embodiment, the skin care composition has a weight ratio of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and / or a salt thereof to niacinamide of about 1:1 to about 1:11.

[0085] In at least one embodiment, the skin care composition comprises: • ergothioneine (EGT); • alpha-tocopherol; and • pyrrolidone-carboxylic acid and / or one of its salts (e.g. sodium PCA), • wherein the skin care composition has a weight ratio of alpha-tocopherol, EGT and pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and / or a salt thereof (alpha-tocopherol: EGT:pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and / or a salt thereof) of (0.5 - 2):(0.5 - 20):(0.5 - 20), respectively (e.g. 1:1:1) (e.g. 1:1:2) (e.g. 1:10:10), the weight ratios being given relative to the percentage by weight of raw material of the ingredients.

[0086] In at least one embodiment, the skin care composition comprises: • ergothioneine (EGT); • alpha-tocopherol; and • niacinamide, • wherein alpha-tocopherol, EGT and niacinamide are in a weight ratio of (0.5 - 2):(0.5 - 20):(0.5 - 20), respectively (e.g. 1:1:1) (e.g. 1:1:2) (e.g. 1:1:3) (e.g. 1:2:1) (e.g. 1:3:1) (e.g. 2:1:1) and (e.g. 3:1:1), the weight ratios being given relative to the percentage by weight of raw material of the ingredients.

[0087] In at least one embodiment, the skin care composition comprises: • ergothioneine (EGT); • alpha-tocopherol; and • pyrrolidone-carboxylic acid and / or one of its salts (e.g. sodium PCA), • wherein the skin care composition has a weight ratio of alpha-tocopherol:EGT:pyrrolidone-carboxylic acid and / or a salt thereof (alpha-tocopherol:EGT:pyrrolidone-carboxylic acid and / or a salt thereof) of (50 - 250):(0.5 - 20):(50-250), respectively (e.g. 50:1:50, 50:1:100, 50:1:150 : 50:1:200, 50:1:250, 100:1:50, 100:1:100, 100:1:150 : 100:1:200, 100:1:250, 150:1:50, 150:1:100, 150:1:150 : 150:1:200, 150:1:250, 200:1:50, 200:1:100, 200:1:150, 200:1:200, 200:1:250, 250:1:50, 250:1:100, 250:1:150, 250:1:200, 250:1:250, or any range or sub-range thereof), the weight ratios being given in relation to the percentage by weight of active ingredient of the ingredients.

[0088] In at least one embodiment, the skin care composition comprises: • ergothioneine (EGT); • alpha-tocopherol; and • niacinamide • wherein the skin care composition has a ratio by weight between alpha-tocopherol, EGT and niacinamide (alpha-tocopherol:EGT:niacinamide) of (50 - 250):(0.5 - 20):(100 - 500), respectively (e.g. 50:1:100, 50:1:150, 50:1:200, 50:1:250, 50:1:300, 50:1:350, 50:1:400, 50:1:450, 50:1:500, 100:1:100, 100:1:150, 100:1:200, 100:1:250, 100:1:300, 100:1:350, 100:1:400, 100:1:450, 100:1:500, 150:1:100, 150:1:150, 150:1:200, 150:1:250, 150:1:300, 150:1:350, 150:1:400, 150:1:450, 150:1:500, 200:1:100, 200 :1:150, 200:1:200, 200:1:250, 200:1:300, 200:1:350, 200:1:400, 200:1:450, 200:1:500, 250:1:100, 250:1:150, 250:1:200, 250:1:250, 250:1:300, 250:1:350, 250:1:400, 250:1:450, 250:1:500, or any range or sub-range thereof), the weight ratios being given in relation to the percentage by weight of active ingredient of the ingredients.

[0089] In at least one embodiment, the skin care composition comprises: • ergothioneine (EGT); • alpha-tocopherol; • niacinamide; and • pyrrolidone-carboxylic acid and / or one of its salts (e.g. PCA of sodium).

[0090] In at least one embodiment, the skin care composition has a weight ratio of taurine, arginine, and glycine, niacinamide, camosine, and alpha-tocopherol of about 2:1:1:1 or 2:2:1:1, respectively.

[0091] In at least one embodiment, the skin care composition is formulated to have a weight ratio of alpha-tocopherol to EGT of about 6:1 to about 1:6. For example, the skin care composition may have a weight ratio of alpha-tocopherol to EGT of about 6:1 to about 1:6, about 5:1 to about 1:6, about 4:1 to about 1:6, about 3:1 to about 1:6, from about 2:1 to about 1:6, from about 1:1 to about 1:6; from about 6:1 to about 1:5, from about 5:1 to about 1:5, from about 4:1 to about 1:5, from about 3:1 to about 1:5, from about 2:1 to about 1:5, from about 1:1 to about 1:5; from about 6:1 to about 1:4, from about 5:1 to about 1:4, from about 4:1 to about 1:4, from about 3:1 to about 1:4, from about 2:1 to about 1:4, from about 1:1 to about 1:4; from about 6:1 to about 1:3, from about 5:1 to about 1:3, from about 4:1 to about 1:3, from about 3:1 to about 1:3, from about 2:1 to about 1:3, from about 1:1 to about 1:3; from about 6:1 to about 1:2, from about 5:1 to about 1:2, from about 4:1 to about 1:2, from about 3:1 to about 1:2, from about 2:1 to about 1:2, from about 1:1 to about 1:2; from about 6:1 to about 1:1, from about 5:1 to about 1:1, from about 4:1 to about 1:1, from about 3:1 to about 1:1, from about 2:1 to about 1:1, from about 1:1, or any range or subrange thereof.

[0092] Additionally or alternatively, the skin care compositions may be formulated to have a weight ratio of alpha-tocopherol to niacinamide and / or EGT to niacinamide of about 1:1 to about 1:11.In some embodiments, the skin care compositions have an alpha-tocopherol / niacinamide and / or EGT / niacinamide weight ratio of about 1:1 to about 1:11, about 1:1 to about 1:9, about 1:1 to about 1:7, about 1:1 to about 1:6, about 1:1 to about 1:5, about 1:1 to about 1:4, about 1:1 to about 1:3; about 1:2 to about 1:11, about 1:2 to about 1:9, about 1:2 to about 1:7, about 1:2 to about 1:6, about 1:2 to about 1:5, about 1:2 to about 1:4, about 1:2 to about 1:3; from about 1:3 to about 1:11, from about 1:3 to about 1:9, from about 1:3 to about 1:7, from about 1:3 to about 1:6, from about 1:3 to about 1:5, from about 1:3 to about 1:4, from about 1:3, or any range or subrange thereof.

[0093] Additionally or alternatively, the skin care compositions may be formulated to have a weight ratio of alpha-tocopherol to pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and / or a salt thereof and / or EGT to pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and / or a salt thereof of about 1:1 to about 1:11. In some embodiments, the skin care compositions have a weight ratio of alpha-tocopherol to pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and / or a salt thereof and / or EGT and pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and / or a salt thereof from about 1:1 to about 1:11, from about 1:1 to about 1:9, from about 1:1 to about 1:7, from about 1:1 to about 1:6, from about 1:1 to about 1:5, from about 1:1 to about 1:4, from about 1:1 to about 1:3; from about 1:2 to about 1:11, from about 1:2 to about 1:9, from about 1:2 to about 1:7, from about 1:2 to about 1:6, from about 1:2 to about 1:5, from about 1:2 to about 1:4, from about 1:2 to about 1:3; from about 1:3 to about 1:11, from about 1:3 to about 1:9, from about 1:3 to about 1:7, from about 1:3 to about 1:6, from about 1:3 to about 1:5, from about 1:3 to about 1:4, from about 1:3, or any range or subrange thereof.

[0094] In some embodiments, the skin care compositions comprise a weight ratio of alpha-tocopherol, EGT, and pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and / or a salt thereof (alpha-tocopherol:EGT:pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and / or a salt thereof) of (0.5 - 2):(0.5 - 20):(1 - 20), respectively (e.g., 1:1:1) (e.g., 1:1:2) (e.g., 1:10:10), wherein the weight ratios are based on the weights of the ingredients relative to the total weight of the composition. In other embodiments, the skin care composition comprises alpha-tocopherol EGT: sodium PCA in a weight ratio of (50 -250):(0.5 - 20):(50 - 250), respectively (e.g., 200:1:200), wherein the weight ratios are based on the weight percentage of active ingredient of the ingredients relative to the total weight of the composition.In some embodiments, the skin care composition may be formulated to have a weight ratio of alpha-tocopherol, EGT, and pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and / or a salt thereof (alpha-tocopherol:EGT:pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and / or a salt thereof) of about 1:2:6 to about 1:0.5:1.5, about 1:1.5:4 to about 1:0.75:2; about 1:1.1:3.3 to about 1:0.9:2.7.

[0095] In some embodiments, the skin care composition comprises a weight ratio of alpha-tocopherol, EGT, and niacinamide (alpha-tocopherol:EGT:niacinamide) in a weight ratio of (0.5 - 2):(1 - 20):(1 - 20), respectively (e.g., 1:1:1) (e.g., 1:1:2) (e.g., 1:1:3), wherein the weight ratios are based on the weight percentage of the raw materials of the ingredients relative to the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the skin care composition may be formulated to have a weight ratio of alpha-tocopherol, EGT, and niacinamide (alpha-tocopherol:EGT:niacinamide) of about 1:2:6 to about 1:0.5:1.5, about 1:1.5:4 to about 1:0.75:2; about 1:1.1:3.3 to about 1:0.9:2.7.In other embodiments, the skin care composition comprises a weight ratio of alpha-tocopherol, EGT, and niacinamide (alpha-tocopherol:EGT:niacinamide) in a weight ratio of (100 - 250):(0.5 - 5): . (200 - 600) (e.g. 200:1:400), the weight ratios being based on the weight percentage of active ingredient in the ingredients.

[0096] In at least one embodiment, the skin care composition comprises: • niacinamide (e.g. 0.5% to 5% by weight of the composition) (e.g. about 3% by weight); • alpha-tocopherol (e.g. 0.1% to 2% by weight of the composition) (e.g. e.g. about 0.5% by weight); and • ergothioneine (EGT) (e.g. 0.001 to 0.005% by weight of the composition) (e.g. 0.0025% by weight).

[0097] In at least one embodiment, the skin care composition comprises: • ascorbyl glucoside (e.g., from 0.5% to 5% by weight of the composition) (e.g., about 2% by weight), the ascorbyl glucoside being present in an amount preferably ranging from about 1 to about 5% by weight, from about 1 to about 4% by weight, from about 1 to about 3% by weight, from about 1 to about 2% by weight; from about 2 to about 5% by weight, from about 2 to about 4% by weight, from about 2 to about 3% by weight; from about 3 to about 5% by weight, from about 3 to about 4% by weight, or any range or subrange thereof, based on the total weight of the skin care composition; and • astaxanthin (e.g. from 0.001% to 0.05% by weight of the composition) (e.g. about 0.01% by weight).

[0098] In at least one embodiment, the skin care composition comprises: • ergothioneine (EGT); • alpha-tocopherol; • niacinamide (vitamin B); • pyrrolidone-carboxylic acid and / or one of its salts (e.g. PCA of sodium); • hyaluronic acid (e.g. having a molecular weight of 50 kDa); • magnesium sulfate; and • nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD).

[0099] The skin care composition may comprise a fatty component comprising one or more fatty compounds. The fatty component may comprise a fatty ester, a fatty alcohol, a fatty ether, an oil, a wax, or a combination of two or more thereof. The fatty component may be present in an amount ranging from about 0.1 to about 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the skin care composition. In some cases, the fatty compound(s) is / are present in an amount of about 0.1 to about 18% by weight, about 0.1 to about 16% by weight, about 0.1 to about 14% by weight, about 0.1 to about 12% by weight, about 0.1 to about 10% by weight, about 0.1 to about 8% by weight, about 0.1 to about 7% by weight, about 0.1 to about 6% by weight, about 0.1 to about 5% by weight; from about 0.5 to about 20% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 18% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 16% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 14% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 12% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 10% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 8% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 7% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 6% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 5% by weight;from about 1 to about 20% by weight, from about 1 to about 18% by weight, from about 1 to about 16% by weight, from about 1 to about 14% by weight, from about 1 to about 12% by weight, from about 1 to about 10% by weight, from about 1 to about 8% by weight; from about 1 to about 7% by weight, from about 1 to about 6% by weight, from about 1 to about 5% by weight; from about 2 to about 20% by weight, from about 2 to about 18% by weight, from about 2 to about 16% by weight, from about 2 to about 14% by weight, from about 2 to about 12% by weight, from about 2 to about 10% by weight, from about 2 to about 8% by weight, from about 2 to about 7% by weight, from about 2 to about 6% by weight, from about 2 to about 5% by weight; from about 3 to about 20% by weight, from about 3 to about 18% by weight, from about 3 to about 16% by weight, from about 3 to about 14% by weight, from about 3 to about 12% by weight;from about 3 to about 10% by weight, from about 3 to about 8% by weight, from about 3 to about 7% by weight, from about 3 to about 6% by weight, from about 3 to about 5% by weight; from about 4 to about 20% by weight, from about 4 to about 18% by weight, from about 4 to about 16% by weight, from about 4 to about 14% by weight, from about 4 to about 12% by weight, from about 4 to about 10% by weight, from about 4 to about 8% by weight, from about 4 to about 7% by weight, from about 4 to about 6% by weight, from about 4 to about 5% by weight;from about 5 to about 20% by weight, from about 5 to about 18% by weight, from about 5 to about 16% by weight, from about 5 to about 14% by weight, from about 5 to about 12% by weight. %, from about 5 to about 10% by weight, or from about 5 to about 8% by weight, from about 5 to about 7% by weight, or from about 5 to about 6% by weight, including all ranges and subranges thereof, based on the total weight of the skin care composition. ;

[0100] The fatty compounds may include or be selected from one or more oil(s). The term "oil" refers to any fatty substance that is in liquid form at room temperature (24 - 25 °C) and atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg). The oil may be a hydrocarbon-based oil, such as a hydrocarbon oil saturated oil, an unsaturated hydrocarbon oil, lipids, triglycerides, a natural oil and / or a synthetic oil. The oil(s) may be synthetic oils and / or vegetable oils. For example, the oil may be a synthetic oil, such as a mineral oil and / or an alkane (paraffins). Light (low viscosity) oils based on highly branched hydrocarbons may also be suitable in some cases. In at least one embodiment, the skin care composition comprises an oil, such as isododecane, isodecane, decane, dodecane or a combination of two or more of these oils.

[0101] In some embodiments, the oil is selected from plant or vegetable based oils, such as coconut oil, soybean oil, canola oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, olive oil, palm oil, peanut oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, sunflower seed oil, linseed oil, palm kernel oil, tung oil, jatropha oil, mustard oil, camelina oil, pennycress oil, castor oil, wheat germ oil, apricot kernel oil, pistachio oil, poppy seed oil, pine oil, avocado oil, hazelnut oil, grape seed oil, rapeseed oil, cade oil, peach kernel oil, coffee bean oil, jojoba oil, and a mixture of these oils.In at least one embodiment, the oil or oils are selected from the fatty component comprising a vegetable oil selected from sunflower oil, corn oil, rosa moschata seed oil, soybean oil, marrow oil, hydrogenated vegetable oil, grape seed oil, sesame seed oil, hazelnut oil, apricot oil, macadamia oil, arara oil, castor oil, avocado oil, caprylic / capric acid triglycerides, jojoba oil and shea butter oil, and a combination of two or more of these oils.

[0102] The oil may be a cyclic, linear or branched, volatile or non-volatile silicone oil, unmodified or modified with organic groups. The silicone oil may be selected from polydialkylsiloxanes, such as polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS), and liquid polyorganosiloxanes. In some cases, the silicone oil may be selected from polydialkylsiloxanes, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, tetra(trimethylsilyl)pentaerythritol, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, polydiphenylsiloxanes, polyalkylarylsiloxanes, or a combination of two or more of these oils. Skin-compatible oils may be silicone-based, for example, linear and cyclic polydimethylsiloxane, organofunctional (alkyl and alkyl aryl) silicones, and amino silicones.

[0103] Other skin-compatible oils include a range of liquid hydrocarbons, for example, linear and branched oils such as liquid paraffin, squalene, squalane, mineral oil, low-carbon synthetic hydrocarbons viscosity, such as polyalphaolefins and polybutene. In at least one preferred embodiment, the oil comprises or consists of a dimethicone.

[0104] The fatty compounds may, in certain cases, include or be chosen from one or more waxes. Non-limiting examples of waxes in this category include, for example, synthetic wax, ceresin, paraffin, ozokerite, polyethylene waxes, illipe butter, beeswax, carnauba wax, microcrystalline wax, lanolin, lanolin derivatives, candelilla, cocoa butter, shellac wax, spermaceti, bran wax, kapok wax, sugarcane wax, montan wax, whale wax, berry wax, acacia flower wax, vegetable waxes (such as sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seed wax, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, ouricure wax, Japanese wax, cork fiber wax, or sugarcane wax), or a mixture of these waxes.In some cases, the fatty component comprises a wax selected from Rhus verniciflua bark wax, Butyrospermum parkii (shea) butter, or a combination thereof.

[0105] The fatty component comprises a fatty ester selected from stearyl stearate, dihydroabietyl behenate, octyldodecyl behenate, isocetyl behenate, isostearyl lactate, lauryl lactate, linoleyl lactate, oleyl lactate, isostearyl octanoate, isocetyl octanoate, octyl octanoate, decyl oleate, isocetyl isostearate, isocetyl laurate, isocetyl stearate, isodecyl octanoate, isodecyl oleate, isonyl isononanoate, isostearyl palmitate, acetyl ricinoleate methyl, octyl isonanoate, 2-ethylhexyl isonanoate, octyldodecyl erucate, oleyl erucate, ethyl palmitate, isopropyl palmitate, such as 2-ethylhexyl palmitate, 2-octyldecyl, alkyl myristates such as 2-octyldodecyl isopropyl myristate, isobutyl stearate, 2-hexyldecyl laurate, isocetyl stearate, octyldodecyl stearate, or a combination thereof.In some cases, the fatty ester is selected from glycerol fatty esters, sorbitan fatty esters, ethoxylated fatty esters, synthetic esters, and a combination of two or more of these.

[0106] The fatty component may comprise one or more liquid fatty alcohols. The fatty alcohol may be selected from linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably unsaturated or branched, alcohols comprising from 6 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably from 8 to 30 carbon atoms. Examples of fatty alcohols include octyldodecanol, 2-butyloctanol, 2-hexyldecanol, 2-undecylpentadecanol, isostearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, linolenic alcohol, ricinoleyl alcohol, undecylenyl alcohol and linoleyl alcohol, as well as a combination of two or more thereof.

[0107] One or more thickening agents may be included in the skin care composition. The amount of thickening agent(s) in the skin care composition of the skin may be from about 0.05 to about 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the skin care composition. In some embodiments, the total amount of thickening agent(s) in the skin care composition is from about 0.05 to about 5% by weight, from about 0.05 to about 4% by weight, from about 0.05 to about 3% by weight, from about 0.05 to about 2% by weight, from about 0.05 to about 1% by weight, from about 0.05 to about 0.7% by weight; from about 0.1 to about 5% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 4% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 3% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 2% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 1% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 0.7% by weight; from about 0.3 to about 5% by weight, from about 0.3 to about 4% by weight, from about 0.3 to about 3% by weight, from about 0.3 to about 2% by weight, from about 0.3 to about 1% by weight, from about 0.3 to about 0.7% by weight;from about 0.5 to about 5% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 4% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 3% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 2% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 1% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 0.7% by weight; from about 1 to about 5% by weight, from about 1 to about 4% by weight, from about 1 to about 3% by weight, from about 1 to about 2% by weight, from about 1 to about 1.5% by weight; from about 1.5 to about 5% by weight, from about 1.5 to about 4% by weight, from about 1.5 to about 3% by weight, from about 1.5 to about 2% by weight; from about 2 to about 5% by weight, from about 2 to about 4% by weight, from about 2 to about 3% by weight; from about 3 to about 5% by weight, from about 3 to about 4% by weight, or any range or subrange thereof, based on the total weight of the skin care composition.;

[0108] The thickening agent(s) may be selected from carboxylic acid polymers, crosslinked polyacrylate polymers, polyacrylamide polymers, gums, polysaccharides, and combinations of two or more thereof. Polysaccharides include cellulose, carboxymethylhydroxyethylcellulose, cellulose acetate propionate carboxylate, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, methylhydroxyethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium cellulose sulfate, and mixtures thereof.

[0109] Non-limiting examples of carboxylic acid polymers include crosslinked carboxylic acid polymers containing one or more monomers derived from acrylic acid, substituted acrylic acids, and salts and esters of these acrylic acids and substituted acrylic acids, such as carbomers. For example, thickening agents may include acacia, agar, algin, alginic acid, ammonium alginate, amylopectin, calcium alginate, calcium carrageenan, carnitine, carrageenan, dextrin, gelatin, gellan gum, guar gum, guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, hectorite, hyaluronic acid, hydrated silica, hydroxypropyl chitosan, hydroxypropyl guar, karaya gum, kelp, locust bean gum, natto gum, potassium alginate, potassium carrageenan, propylene glycol alginate, sclerotium gum, sodium carboxymethyl dextran, sodium carrageenan, tragacanth gum, xanthan gum, or a combination of two or more of these. In some embodiments, the thickening agent(s) may comprise or consist of one or more natural gums, such as those selected from xanthan gum, guar gum, biosaccharide gum, cellulose, acacia seneca gum, sclerotium gum, agarose, pechtin, gellan gum, hyaluronic acid, and a combination of two or more thereof.In some embodiments, the thickening agent comprises polyglycerides, including agar, agarose, pectin, guars, or a combination of two or more thereof.

[0110] In some cases, the skin care composition may be formulated to contain thickening agents selected from thickening polymers, such as polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylate, sodium polymethacrylate, polyacrylic acid glycerol ester, carboxyvinyl polymer, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl methyl ether, polyvinyl sulfone, maleic acid copolymer, polyethylene oxide, polydiallyl amine, polyethylene imine, water-soluble cellulose derivatives (e.g., polydiallyl amine), water-soluble cellulose derivatives such as carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, cellulose sulfate sodium salt), and / or starch derivatives. (eg.starch oxide, starch dialdehyde, dextrin, British gum, acetyl starch, starch phosphate, carboxymethyl starch, hydroxyethyl starch, hydroxypropyl starch). In some cases, the thickening agents are selected from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyethylene glycols (PEG), polyacrylic acids, crosslinked homopolymer of acrylic acid, C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer and a combination of two or more of these.

[0111] The skin care compositions may include one or more additional vitamins, such as vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin K. The additional vitamins may be individually present in the skin care composition in an amount of about 0.01 to about 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the skin care composition. In some cases, the amount of additional vitamins present in the skin care composition is about 0.01 to about 4% by weight, about 0.01 to about 3% by weight, about 0.01 to about 2% by weight, about 0.01 to about 1% by weight, or about 0.01 to about 1% by weight. by weight, from about 0.01 to about 0.5% by weight, from about 0.01 to about 0.1% by weight, from about 0.01 to about 0.1% by weight; from about 0.1 to about 5% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 4% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 3% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 2% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 1% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 0.5% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 0.1% by weight; from about 0.5 to about 5% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 4% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 3% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 2% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 1% by weight; from about 0.75 to about 5% by weight, from about 0.75 to about 4% by weight, from about 0.75 to about 3% by weight, from about 0.75 to about 2% by weight, from about 0.75 to about 1% by weight; from about 1 to about 5% by weight, from about 1 to about 4% by weight, from about 1 to about 3% by weight, from about 1 to about 2% by weight;from about 2 to about 5% by weight, from about 2 to about 4% by weight, from about 2 to about 3% by weight; from about 3 to about 5% by weight, from about 3 to about 4% by weight, including any intermediate range or sub-range, based on the total weight of the skin care composition.;

[0112] As used herein, "vitamin C" may be ascorbic acid or its derivatives. Ascorbic acid exists as two enantiomers commonly referred to as "1" (for "levo") and "d" (for "dextro"). The "1" isomer is the most commonly encountered. Ascorbic acid is also referred to as L(+)-ascorbic acid or 1-ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid derivatives may be or include, but are not limited to, L-ascorbic acid, calcium ascorbate, calcium 1-ascorbate dihydrate, magnesium ascorbate, potassium ascorbate, magnesium L-ascorbyl phosphate (also known as: magnesium ascorbate phosphate or ascorbic acid phosphate magnesium salt), L-ascorbic acid sesquimagnesium 2-phosphate hydrated salt, sodium L-ascorbate (+), dehydro-l-(+)-ascorbic acid dimer, sodium ascorbyl phosphate (also known as: sodium ascorbic acid phosphate, sodium 1-ascorbyl phosphate,2-phospho-L-ascorbic acid trisodium salt, L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate trisodium salt or L-ascorbyl-2-phosphate sodium), ascorbic acid-2-glucoside, ascorbyl dipalmitate, ascorbyl pectinate methylsilanol, ascorbyl stearate, disodium ascorbyl sulfate, ascorbyl 6-palmitate, calcium ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbyl acetate, ascorbyl propionate, ascorbyl stearate, ascorbyl palmitate, ascorbyl dipalmitate, ascorbyl glucoside, ascorbic acid polypeptide, ascorbyl ethyl ether, pectinate of ascorbyl ethyl silanol, or the like, or combinations thereof.

[0113] As used herein, the term "vitamin D" refers to a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for increasing intestinal resorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, as well as many other effects biological. The two main forms are vitamin D2 or ergocalciferol, and vitamin D3 or cholecalciferol. Vitamin D includes vitamin D (a mixture of molecular compounds ergocalciferol and lumisterol), vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol), vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), vitamin D4 (22-dihydroergocalciferol), and vitamin D5 (sitocalciferol).

[0114] As used herein, "vitamin K" is a group of compounds with the common chemical structure 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone. Vitamin K plays a role in blood clotting, bone metabolism, and the regulation of blood calcium levels. Vitamin K includes vitamin Ki (phylloquinone) and vitamin K2 (menaquinone). Vitamin K2 generally has unsaturated isoprenylated side chains and is designated MK-4 to MK-13, depending on the length of its side chain.

[0115] Solvents may also be included in the skin care composition. The solvent(s) may include water-soluble alcohols, such as C2-8 alcohols, including ethanol; glycols, including propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, and mixtures thereof; glycerides, including mono-, di-, and triglycerides; medium- or long-chain organic acids, alcohols, and esters; surfactants, including emulsifying and dispersing agents; amino acids, including glycine; structurants, including thickening and gelling agents, e.g., polymers, silicates, and silicon dioxide; emollients; fragrances; and colorants, including dyes and pigments.

[0116] Other ingredients may be present in the skin care composition. These include ingredients for thickening, preserving, emulsifying, adding fragrance, adjusting pH, and coloring. For example, the skin care composition may include one or more emulsifiers, a pH adjuster, a colorant, a fragrance, a preservative, an antioxidant, emollients, or the like. The skin care compositions may include any of the following additional ingredients in an amount ranging from about 0.01 to about 5% by weight.In some cases, the amount of additional ingredients present in the skin care composition, individually or cumulatively, is about 0.01 to about 4% by weight, about 0.01 to about 3% by weight, about 0.01 to about 2% by weight, about 0.01 to about 1% by weight, about 0.01 to about 0.5% by weight, about 0.01 to about 2% by weight, about 0.01 to about 1% by weight, about 0.01 to about 0.1% by weight; about 0.1 to about 5% by weight, about 0.1 to about 4% by weight, about 0.1 to about 3% by weight, about 0.1 to about 2% by weight, about 0.1 to about 1% by weight, about . 0.1 to about 0.5 wt. %, from about 0.1 to about 0.1 wt. %; from about 0.5 to about 5 wt. %, from about 0.5 to about 4 wt. %, from about 0.5 to about 3 wt. %, from about 0.5 to about 2 wt. %, from about 0.5 to about 1 wt. %; from about 0.75 to about 5 wt. %, from about 0.75 to about 4 wt. %, from about 0.75 to about 3 wt. %, from about 0.75 to about 2 wt. %, from about 0.75 to about 1 wt. %; from about 1 to about 5 wt. %, from about 1 to about 4 wt. %, from about 1 to about 3 wt. %, from about 1 to about 2 wt. %; from about 2 to about 5% by weight, from about 2 to about 4% by weight, from about 2 to about 3% by weight; from about 3 to about 5% by weight, from about 3 to about 4% by weight, including any intermediate range or sub-range, based on the total weight of the skin care composition.

[0117] Skin care compositions may contain one or more additional ingredients that are emollients. Non-volatile emollients are preferred. Non-volatile emollients include non-silicone emollients and silicone emollients. Non-volatile and non-silicone emollients include C1215 alkyl benzoate. The non-volatile silicone material may be a polyethersiloxane, a polyalkylarylsiloxane, or a polyethersiloxane copolymer. Phenyl trimethicone is an example of a non-volatile silicone material. Examples include, but are not limited to, PPG-14 butyl ether, PPG-3 myristyl ether, secondary alcohol ethoxylates, stearyl alcohol, stearic acid and its salts, glyceryl monoricinoleate, isobutyl palmitate, glyceryl monostearate, isocetyl stearate, sulfated tallow, oleyl alcohol, propylene glycol, isopropyl laurate, mink oil, sorbitan stearate,cetyl alcohol, hydrogenated castor oil, stearyl stearate, hydrogenated soybean glycerides, isopropyl isostearate, hexyl laurate, dimethyl brassylate, decyl oleate, diisopropyl adipate, n-dibutyl sebacate, diisopropyl sebacate, 2-ethyl hexyl palmitate, isononyl isononanoate, isodecyl isononanoate, isotridecyl isononanoate, 2-ethyl hexyl palmitate, 2-ethyl hexyl stearate, di-(2-ethyl hexyl)dipate, di-(2-ethyl hexyl)succinate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, stearate isopropyl, octacosanol, butyl stearate, glyceryl monostearate, polyethylene glycols, oleic acid, triethylene glycol, acetylated lanolin alcohols, acetylated lanolin, petrolatum, lanolin isopropyl ester, fatty acids, butyl myristate, isostearic acid, palmitic acid, PEG-23 oleyl ether, oleyl oleate, isopropyl linoleate,cetyl lactate, lauryl lactate, myristyl lactate, hydroxyalkyl quaternized, aminogluconate, vegetable oils, isodecyl oleate, isostearyl neopentanoate, myristyl myristate, oleyl ethoxy myristate, diglycol stearate, ethylene glycol monostearate, stearate, myristyl, isopropyl lanolate, paraffin waxes, glycyrrhizic acid, hydroxyethyl amide stearate, or a combination of two or more of these.

[0118] The skin care compositions may optionally include one or more additional ingredients that are antioxidants. For example, one or more antioxidants may be added to the composition to protect the ingredients and maintain the long-term stability of the composition. Examples of optional antioxidants include, but are not limited to, citric acid, butylated hydroxytoluene, pentaerythrityl tetra-di-t-butyl hydroxyhydrocinnamate. In at least one instance, the antioxidants are selected from flavonoids, phytoalexins, camosine, ascorbic acid, tocotrienol, lipoic acid, a carotenoid, melatonin, and a combination of two or more thereof.

[0119] Non-limiting examples of fragrances and perfumes include odorous compounds selected from: 7-acetyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-1,1,6,7-tetramethylnaphthalene, α-ionone, [3-ionone, y-ionone α-isomethylionone, methylcedrylone, methyl dihydrojasmonate, methyl-1,6,10-trimethyl-2,5,9-cyclododecatriene-1-yl ketone, 7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyltetraline, 4-acetyl-6-tert-butyl-1,1-dimethylindane, hydroxyphenylbutanone, benzophenone, methyl [3-naphthyl ketone, 6-acetyl-l,l,2,3,3,5-hexamethylindane, 5-acetyl-3-isopropyl-l,l,2,6-tetramethylindane, 1-dodecanal, 4-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpentyl)-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde, 7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloctanal, 10-undecene-l-al, isohexenylcyclohexylcarboxaldehyde, formyltricyclodecane, condensation products of hydroxycitronellal and methyl anthranilate, condensation products of hydroxycitronellal and indole,condensation products of phenylacetaldehyde and indole, 2-methyl-3-(para-tert-butylphenyl)propionaldehyde, ethylvanillin, heliotropin, hexylcinnamaldehyde, amylcinnamaldehyde, 2-methyl-2-(isopropylphenyl)propionaldehyde, coumarin, y-decalactone, cyclopentadecanolide, 16-hydroxy-9-hexadecenoic acid lactone, 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta-y-2-benzopyran, [3-naphthol] methyl ether, ambroxane, dodecahydro-3a,6,6,9a-tetramethylnaphtho[2,1b]furan, cedrol, 5-(2,2,3-trimethylcyclopen t-3-enyl)-3-methylpentan-2-ol, 2-ethyl-4-(2,2,3-trimethyl-3-cyclopenten-1 -yl)-2-buten-1-ol, caryophyllene alcohol, tricyclodecenyl propionate, tricyclodecenyl acetate, benzyl salicylate, cedryl acetate, tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate, and a combination of two or more of these.

[0120] Other fragrances may include odorous compounds selected from essential oils, resinoids, and resins from a variety of sources, such as, for example, Peruvian balsam, olibanum resinoid, styrax, labdanum, nutmeg, cassia oil, benzoin resin, coriander and lavandin.

[0121] Other suitable fragrances include odorant compounds selected from phenylethyl alcohol, terpineol, linalool, linalool acetate, geraniol, nerol, 2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)cyclohexanol acetate, benzyl acetate and eugenol. The fragrances or perfumes may be used alone or in admixture with each other.

[0122] The skin care composition may also include one or more colorants. The colorants may be pigments, dyes, or mixtures thereof. Non-limiting examples of pigments include titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, kaolin, mica, etc. Non-limiting examples of colorants include food colorants suitable for food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications, and mixtures thereof. Some coloring agents are known as FD&C dyes.

[0123] The colorants may be present in an amount ranging from about 0.0001 to about 0.4% by weight, inclusive of all percentages and sub-ranges therein, based on the total weight of the skin care composition. In some embodiments, the colorants may be present in an amount ranging from about 0.0001 to about 4% by weight, inclusive of all percentages and sub-ranges therein, based on the total weight of the skin care composition. In some embodiments, emulsifiers may be added to prevent the ingredients from separating.

[0124] In other embodiments, the skin care composition may include any of the following substances in any amount desired to achieve the desired effect in the composition (amounts that may be used in certain embodiments are indicated): one or more alkali salts, e.g., sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and / or their equivalents (0-5% by weight); sequestrants, e.g., tetrasodium EDTA, and / or their equivalents (0-2% by weight); biocides, e.g., triclosan (2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether), DMDM ​​hydantoin, formaldehyde, and / or imidazolidinyl urea, and / or their equivalents (0-2% by weight); organic acids, for example citric acid and / or formic acid and / or their equivalents (0 to 2% by weight); viscosity modifiers (0 to 2% by weight); fragrances and / or perfumes (0 to 5% by weight);preservatives, e.g. phenoxyethanol, formaldehyde solution, parabens, pentanediol or sorbic acid (0-2% by weight); pearlitic agents, e.g. distearic glycol esters, such as ethylene glycol distearate, but also monoglycolic esters of fatty acids (0-3% by weight); stabilizers, e.g. metal salts of fatty acids, such as, for example, magnesium stearate (0 to 3% by weight); stabilizers, for example, metal salts of fatty acids, such as, for example, ethylene glycol stearate (0 to 3% by weight), for example, magnesium stearate, aluminum stearate and / or zinc stearate (0 to 2% by weight); and colorants and pigments that are approved and suitable for cosmetic applications. In some embodiments, the preservatives may comprise one or more of the following: citric acid (and / or sodium citrate), benzoic acid (and / or sodium benzoate), benzotriazolyl codecyl P-cresol, and / or salts thereof.

[0125] The skin care composition may include one or more pH adjusters to increase or decrease the overall pH of the skin care composition. For example, one or more acids may be included to decrease the pH of the skin care composition. Examples of acids suitable for decreasing the pH of the skin care composition include, but are not limited to, citric acid, acetic acid, etc. The skin care composition may include one or more bases, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and the like, to increase the pH of the skin care composition. Additional or alternative acids and bases suitable for adjusting the pH of the skin care composition are readily known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.

[0126] The amount of pH adjuster in the skin care composition may be based on the desired pH of the composition and / or the final skin care product. For example, the total amount of the pH builder may vary from about 0.05 to about 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the skin care composition. In some cases, the total amount of pH builder is from about 0.05 to about 15% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 10% by weight, or from about 0.12 to about 5% by weight, including intermediate ranges and sub-ranges, based on the total weight of the skin care composition.

[0127] In some embodiments, the skin care composition has a pH of about 4 to about 10.0. In other embodiments, the skin care composition has a pH of about 4.5 to about 8.0. In some embodiments, the skin care composition has a pH of about 5 to about 7.5. In other embodiments, the skin care composition has a pH of about 5.5 to about 7. In still other embodiments, the skin care composition has a pH of about 6 to about 7.

[0128] In some embodiments, the additional ingredient is selected from camosine, cica (asiaticoside), magnesium sulfate, saccharide isomerate, a keto-carotenoid (e.g., astaxanthin), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), and a combination of two or more of these.

[0129] Anti-inflammatory agents may be included as additional ingredients in the skin care composition. The anti-inflammatory agent(s) may be selected from the group consisting of: dexamethasone, prednisolone, corticosterone, budesonide, sulfasalazine, mesalamine, cetirizine, diphenylhydramine, antipyrine, methyl salicylate, loratadine, thymol, carvacrol, bisabolol, allantoin, eucalyptol, phenazone, propyphenazone, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), and any combination thereof.

[0130] Additionally or alternatively, the skin care composition may include one or more additional agents selected from anti-itching agents. Examples of anti-itching agents are: methyl sulfonyl methane, sodium bicarbonate, calamine, allantoin, kaolin, peppermint, tea tree oil, camphor, menthol and / or hydrocortisone.

[0131] In some embodiments, the skin care compositions may include additional ingredients selected from nonionic block copolymers. Examples of nonionic block copolymers include: poloxamer 338, poloxamer 407, poloxamer 237, poloxamer 217, poloxamer 124, poloxamer 184, poloxamer 185, or a combination of two or more thereof.

[0132] The skin care composition may optionally include a delivery vesicle [e.g., a multilamellar vesicle ("MLV")]. For example, the skin care composition may contain one or more ingredients encapsulated in a delivery vesicle, such as a multilamellar vesicle. The multilamellar vesicle may include liposome structuring agents comprising polyglyceryl-10 dioleate and at least one of polyglyceryl-10 dilinoleate or polyglyceryl-10 dipalmitate in a weight ratio of polyglyceryl-10 dioleate to at least one of polyglyceryl-10 dilinoleate or polyglyceryl-10 dipalmitate of between 300:1 and 5:1. In some cases, the multilamellar vesicle comprises one or more ingredients selected from: polyglyceryl-10 dilinoleate, polyglyceryl-10 dipalmitate, polyglyceryl-10 dioleate, caprylic / capric triglyceride, and combinations thereof.The skin care composition may include a delivery vesicle when in the form of a transdermal injection (e.g., a mesotherapy composition).

[0133] Suspending agents such as silicas or clays like bentonite, montmorillonite or hectorite, including those available under the brand name Bentone, can also be used to thicken liquid skin care compositions. The composition can be thickened using non-polymeric organic gelling agents, including selected dibenzylidene alditols (e.g., dibenzylidene sorbitol).

[0134] The skin care compositions of the present disclosure may be manufactured using methods known in the art. Generally, the ingredients are combined and optionally heated when the components are to be melted. The components are mixed. Preferably, volatile substances, such as fragrance substances, are incorporated into the composition during the later stages of the mixing cycle to prevent their volatilization. After mixing, the composition may be poured directly into the dispensers and the container capped to preserve the product until use.

[0135] The present disclosure provides, in another aspect, a skin care composition for use in inhibiting, treating, or reducing damage to the skin caused by reactive oxygen species. The skin care composition may be any of the skin care compositions disclosed herein.

[0136] The present disclosure provides, in another aspect, a method of inhibiting or reducing damage to the skin caused by reactive oxygen, wherein the method comprises administering to the skin an effective amount of one of the skin care compositions disclosed herein. The method may comprise the use of a skin care composition, wherein the skin care composition (e.g., one of the skin care compositions described herein) is administered by transdermal injection. Additionally or alternatively, the method may comprise the use of a skin care composition, wherein the skin care composition (e.g., any skin care composition disclosed herein) is delivered topically to the skin using a serum, cream, moisturizer, mask, cleanser, oil, ointment, lotion, gel, salve, facial makeup paste, toner, essence, and balm (e.g., a serum, cream, moisturizer, mask, cleanser, oil, ointment, lotion, gel, salve, facial makeup paste, toner, essence, and balm (e.g., a serum, cream, moisturizer, mask, cleanser, oil, ointment, lotion, gel, salve, facial makeup paste, toner, essence, and balm).e.g. lip balm). EXAMPLES

[0137] Example 1

[0138] A non-limiting example of a skin care composition (Composition Example A) was prepared as a serum in accordance with certain aspects of the invention. The formulation of Composition Example A is shown in Table 1.

[0139] [Tables 1] Compound Name INCI Ex. A (% by weight) Water 78-84 Propanediol 5.1-5.5 Glycerin 5-5.4 Pentylene glycol and 1,2-hexanediol 1.1-1.3 Caprylic / capric triglyceride 0.1-0.3 Polyglyceryl-10 dioleate 0.1-0.3 PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil 1.9-2.2 Triethyl citrate 1.9-2.2 Xanthan gum 0.05-0.1 Tocopherol 0.001-0.01 Tocopheryl acetate 0.1-0.3 Sodium PCA 0.1-0.3 Ergothioneine 0.001-0.005 Niacinamide 0.4-0.6 Carnosine 0.1-0.3 Sodium hyaluronate 0.1-0.3 Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid 0.01-0.1 Arginine 0.1-0.3 Adenosine 0.01-0.05 Polyglyceryl-10 Dipalmitate 0.03 - 0.05 Silybum marianum Extract 0.01-0.04 Glyceryl Caprylate 0.01-0.05 Dipeptide Diaminobutyroyl Benzylamid e Diacetate 0.01-0.03 Mannitol 0.1-0.3 Glycine 0.001-0.005 Pseudoalteromon as Ferment Extract 0.001-0.003 Magnesium Sulfate 0.001-0.003 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 0.001-0.003 Taurine 0.1-0.4 Colours 0.0001 -0.00 1 Perfume 0.3 Preservative (citric acid, sodium citrate, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate and benzotriazolyl dodecyl P-creso 1) 1.2

[0140] Example 2

[0141] Composition Example A was clinically evaluated by performing cutometric evaluation, in vivo clinical evaluation, topographical evaluation and self-evaluation. Thirty-two female volunteers aged 40 to 65 years with healthy skin exhibiting wrinkles, fine lines, lack of firmness, crow's feet of grade 2 or higher, according to the scale described in Doublet, Atlas of Skin Aging E, were selected for the evaluation of Composition Example A.

[0142] The volunteers underwent a product-free period of approximately two weeks before applying Composition Example A. After the product-free period, Composition Example A was applied twice daily, specifically once in the morning and once in the evening, for 28 days. The volunteers were evaluated before applying Composition Example A, on the 7th day after applying Composition Example A, and on the 28th day after applying Composition Example A.

[0143] Cutometric evaluation

[0144] For the cutometric evaluation, each volunteer underwent a 20-minute acclimation period in an air-conditioned room at a temperature of 21 ± 1.5 °C before the skin measurements. The cutometric measurements were performed on the skin of the volunteer's temple. The same area of ​​skin was used for each of the skin measurements.

[0145] The procedure for cutometric measurements included the following steps: application of constant negative pressure, removal of the stress, and a relaxation period. Inside the cutometer, the penetration depth was determined by a non-contact optical measuring system. The optical measuring system contained a light source and a light receiver, as well as two facing prisms, which projected light from the transmitter to the receiver. The intensity of the light varied depending on the depth of skin penetration. The skin's resistance to negative pressure (firmness) and its ability to return to its position Initial elasticity (elasticity) were obtained and displayed as curves (penetration depth in mm / time) in real time during the measurement. Cutometric evaluation allows the elastic and mechanical properties of the skin surface to be measured and skin aging to be quantified objectively. The experimental conditions for cutometric measurements were as follows: probe diameter: 2 mm; pressure: 300 mbar; on time: 2 s; off time: 2 s; repetition (number of cycles): 1.

[0146] Skin measurements allowed the following skin properties to be assessed: maximum extensibility (final deformation); immediate extensibility (purely elastic component); viscoelastic extensibility (plasticity); immediate elastic recovery; elastic deformation rate (immediate elastic recovery / immediate extensibility); elastic recovery rate (immediate elastic recovery / maximum extensibility); and viscoelasticity rate (viscoelastic extensibility / immediate extensibility).

[0147] Table 2 summarizes the results of the cutometric measurements at the initial evaluation before the application of Composition Example A, at the 7th day of application of Composition Example A and at the 28th day of application of Composition Example A.

[0148] [Tables2] Initial assessment Day 7 assessment Day 28 assessment Maximum extensibility (mm) 0.28 (± 0.052) 0.264 (± 0.052) 0.259 (± 0.046) Immediate extensibility (mm) 0.182 (± 0.042) 0.169 (± 0.042) 0.166 (± 0.033) Viscoelastic extensibility (mm) 0.098 (± 0.015) 0.094 (± 0.014) 0.093 (± 0.018) Immediate elastic recovery (mm) 0.067 (± 0.015) 0.064 (± 0.015) 0.061 (± 0.012) Elastic strain rate (no units) 0.373 (± 0.075) 0.385 (± 0.07) 0.375 (± 0.082) Elastic recovery rate (number of units) 0.241 (± 0.047) 0.245 (± 0.04) 0.239 (± 0.05) Viscoelasticity rate (number of units) 0.548 (± 0.082) 0.571 (± 0.084) 0.565(+ 0.096)

[0149] Table 3 summarizes the mean percentage change in the volunteer's skin between the initial assessment ("T0") and the assessment at day 7 ("T7") and between the initial assessment and the assessment at day 28 ("T28").

[0150] [Tables3] ATT7-T0 ((T7 - T0) / T0) ATt28 T0 ((T28 - T0) / T0) Maximum extensibility -5.6% -7.3% Immediate extensibility -6.9% -8.6% Viscoelastic extensibility -3.2% -5.0% Immediate elastic recovery -4.1% -8.8% Elastic deformation rate 3.1% 0.3% Elastic recovery rate 1.5% -0.8% Viscoelasticity rate 4.2% 3.0%

[0151] Statistical analysis of the results of the cutometric measurements shows a significant decrease, on average, in the following parameters: maximum extensibility of -5.6% and -7.3% on the 7th day and the 28th day respectively; immediate extensibility of -6.9% and -8.6% on the 7th day and the 28th day respectively; viscoelastic extensibility of -5.0% on the 28th day; and immediate elastic recovery of -8.8% on the 28th day. In particular, the significant decrease in the maximum extensibility parameter observed on the 7th day (an average of -5.6%) and on the 28th day (an average of -7.3%) shows the desirable tightening effect on the facial skin obtained by the composition Example A.

[0152] In vivo clinical evaluation

[0153] For the in vivo clinical evaluation, the skin of each volunteer was evaluated by an expert at the initial evaluation before the application of Composition Example A, on the 7th day of application of Composition Example A and on the 28th day of application of Composition Example A. Specifically, the skin of each volunteer was evaluated by measuring the depth of the main wrinkles on the volunteer's crow's feet, the homogeneity of the skin tone, the brightness of the skin, the radiance of the skin and the firmness of the skin. The expert carried out the evaluation of the parameter using a specific scale, with lower numerical values ​​corresponding to a lower intensity of this parameter and higher numerical values ​​to a higher intensity of this parameter.

[0154] A summary of the results of the in vivo clinical evaluation of the volunteer's crow's feet, skin tone homogeneity, skin brightness, skin radiance and skin firmness is presented in Table 4 below.

[0155] [Tables4] Initial Assessment Day 7 Assessment Day 28 Assessment Main Wrinkles Crow's Feet Depth 3.5 (± 1.3) 3.3 (± 1.3) 3.2 (± 1.4) Skin Tone Evenness 3.2 (± 1.1) 3.4 (± 1) 3.6 (± 1) Skin Brightness 2.6 (± 0.7) 2.5 (± 0.6) 2.6 (± 0.6) Skin Firmness 2.9 (± 0.9) 2.8 (± 1) 2.8 (± 1) Skin Radiance Index 2.9 (± 0.8) 3 (± 0.7) 3.1 (± 0.8)

[0156] Table 5 shows the mean percentage change in the volunteer's skin between the initial assessment ("T0") and the assessment at day 7 ("T7") and between the initial assessment and the assessment at day 28 ("T28").

[0157] [Tables5] ATT7-T0 ((T7 - T0) / T0) ATT28-T0 ((T28 - T0) / T0) Main wrinkles Crow's feet depth -4% -8.5% Skin tone homogeneity 7.6% 12.9% Skin brightness -3.8% 0.2% Skin firmness -3.9% 6.4% Skin radiance index 2.5% 7.2%

[0158] Compared to the baseline, the statistical analysis shows that after 7 and 28 days of application of the composition Example A, a significant improvement was observed in the depth of the main crow's feet wrinkles with respectively -0.1 and -0.3 grade out of 8 (i.e. respectively -4.0% and -8.5%) and in the homogeneity of the skin tone with respectively +0.2 and +0.4 out of 10 (i.e. respectively + 7.6% and + 12.9%). In addition, a significant increase in the brightness index was demonstrated on the 28th day after application of Example A of composition, with an improvement of 7.2%.

[0159] Topographical evaluation

[0160] The volunteers' skin topography (crow's feet wrinkles) and skin texture were assessed using cross-polarized and diffused light photography. Specifically, high-resolution photographs of ¾ of the face were obtained for each volunteer, under perfectly reproducible lighting conditions. The photographs were taken using a high-resolution camera. The lens used was a 60 mm Nikkor equipped with a filter. Illumination was provided by two flashlights. The flash heads were equipped with filter slots to accommodate the polarizing gel. To obtain cross-polarized light, the camera lens filter was positioned at 90° to the polarization of the flash filters. The polarized light, emitted by the flashes and reflected by the facial skin at the time of shooting, was cut by the camera filter.These reflections do not appear in the photo when it is obtained. To obtain photos in diffused light, the camera lens filter was rotated 45° from the position for cross-polarized light.

[0161] The use of different filters makes it possible to characterize the topography of the skin. The surface area and density of wrinkles detected on a delimited area were then calculated using software. The total surface area of ​​wrinkles (topographic parameter expressed in pixels2) for each volunteer was determined. A decrease in this parameter corresponds to an anti-wrinkle effect. In addition, the detected roughness surface (texture parameter expressed in pixels2) was determined for each volunteer. A decrease in this parameter corresponds to a smoothing effect of the skin texture.

[0162] Table 6 presents a summary of the total area of ​​roughness and wrinkles detected during the initial evaluations, on day 7 of application of Composition Example A and on day 28 of application of Composition Example A.

[0163] [Tableauxô] Initial evaluation Evaluation on day 7 Evaluation on day 28 Total area of ​​the detected roughness 34104 (± 179 33315 32082 (pixels)2 45) (± 17890) (± 17341) Total area of ​​wrinkles / roughness - Crow's feet (pixels)2 13100 (± 7030) 12702 (± 6540) 11925 (±6101)

[0164] Table 7 shows the average variation in the total surface area of ​​detected roughness and wrinkles, observed between the initial evaluation (“T0”) and the evaluation on day 7 (“T7”) and between the initial evaluation and the evaluation on day 28 (“T28”).

[0165] [Tables7] ATT7-T0 ((T7 - T0) / T0) ATt28 T0 ((T28 - T0) / T0) Total surface area of ​​detected roughness -2.3% -5.9% Total surface area of ​​wrinkles / roughness - Crow's feet -3% -9%

[0166] As shown in Table 6, the statistical analysis establishes a significant decrease in the total area of ​​detected roughness and the total area of ​​wrinkles on the crow's feet on the 28th day of application of Example A of composition compared to the initial evaluation, with average decreases of 5.9% and 9.0%, respectively.

[0167] Evaluation of T self-assessment

[0168] Volunteers conducted self-assessments by completing a questionnaire before applying Composition Example A, on day 7 of applying Composition Example A, and on day 28 of applying Composition Example A. In the questionnaire completed on day 7, all 43 questions received a significantly favorable response, with the skin being “hydrated,” garnering 97% approval from the volunteers; the skin being “more supple,” “the complexion is clarified,” and “the product visibly lightens the skin,” garnering 94% approval from the volunteers.In the questionnaire completed on day 28, all 43 questions received a significantly favorable response, with the skin being “hydrated” with 100% favorable opinions; the skin being “nourished,” “toned,” and “visibly firmer” with 97% favorable opinions; and the skin being “more supple,” “clarified,” “as if lifted,” “smoother,” and “revitalized” with 94% favorable opinions. In addition, volunteers felt that their wrinkles were visibly “reduced” and “smoothed,” which garnered 91% and 94% favorable opinions, respectively.

[0169] Example 3

[0170] The composition of Example A was clinically evaluated by macrophotography to assess cell turnover. Specifically, dihydroxyacetone (DHA) was applied to the forearm of each volunteer in Example 2 using a DHA patch. DHA is widely used in self-tanning products (e.g., sunless tanning), as applying DHA to the skin gives it a brown color. This color is due to the interactions of DHA with amino acids. Without being limited to any particular theory, it is believed that DHA penetrates the stratum corneum, eventually reaching the upper layers of the stratum granulosum, and binds to the skin, forming a DHA-skin complex (DHA-SC). Because DHA-SC is an integral part of the skin's surface, its substantivity is limited only by natural skin desquamation or physical shedding of comeocytes.

[0171] Measurements were taken on the area of ​​the forearm receiving DHA and on a similar area of ​​the forearm not receiving DHA. Specifically, photographs of these two areas were taken before the application of DHA (to obtain a baseline), after the application of DHA but before the application of Composition Example A, and on days 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the application of Composition Example A. For each day of application, Composition Example A was applied once in the morning and once in the evening to the forearm of the volunteers.

[0172] The absolute measurements were expressed as L*a*b*, where L* represents the relative brightness from total black (L*= 0) to total white (L*= 100); a* represents the balance between red and green; and b* represents the balance between yellow and blue. Using the absolute measurements, the following parameter was calculated for each area: ÀE =

[0173] color difference observed on a surface, between two moments. AE is a measure of the visual difference between colors.

[0174] The AE parameter on days 5, 6 and 7 of application of Composition Example A showed that an improvement in cell renewal occurred in the skin area receiving Composition Example A compared to a skin area not receiving Composition Example A.

[0175] Example 4

[0176] Composition Example A was clinically evaluated against a mesotherapy composition (comparison composition 1) by performing in vivo clinical evaluation and cutometric evaluation. The list of ingredients of the mesotherapy composition is provided below:

[0177] Hyaluronic acid, uncrosslinked sodium hyaluronate, ascorbic acid, biotin, pantothenic acid, folic acid, inositol, nicotinamide, pyridoxine, riboflavin, thiamine, tocopherol, retinol, vitamin B12, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, deoxyadenosine, deoxycytidine, deoxyguanosine, deoxythymidine, 5-methyl-2-deoxycytidine, a- acid aminobutyric acid, alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cystine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, hydroxyproline, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, ornithine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, taurine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine and valine.

[0178] Fifty female volunteers with healthy skin exhibiting a dull complexion, dehydrated skin, fine lines, wrinkles and crow's feet of a grade equal to or less than 4, according to the scale described in Doublet, Atlas of Skin Aging E. The volunteers were separated into two groups, the first group receiving comparative composition 1 and the second group receiving the composition of Example A once a day for 63 days. The volunteers were evaluated before the application of the respective composition ("DO"), on the 21st day of continuous application of the respective composition ("D21"), on the 42nd day of continuous application of the respective composition ("D42") and on the 63rd day of continuous application of the respective composition ("D63").

[0179] In vivo clinical evaluation

[0180] For the in vivo clinical evaluation, the skin of each volunteer was evaluated by an expert at the initial evaluation before the application of Composition Example A, on the 7th day of application of Composition Example A and on the 28th day of application of Composition Example A. The skin of each volunteer was evaluated by an expert by assessing the depth of the main wrinkles on the volunteer's crow's feet, the homogeneity of the skin, the visibility of the wrinkles around the eye, the brightness of the skin and the smoothness of the skin. The expert evaluated the respective parameters using specific scales, with lower numerical values ​​corresponding to a lesser intensity of these parameters and higher numerical values ​​to a greater intensity of these parameters.

[0181] Skin hydration level was assessed using a MoistureMeterD Compact, a portable moisture meter designed to measure localized water content in a specific area (expressed in %). The moisture meter probe generates a low-power 300 MHz microwave field exposed to the tissue. Part of the signal is absorbed and part is reflected to calculate a dielectric constant, which is directly proportional to the water content of the measured tissue. The value obtained by the moisture meter increases with the water content.

[0182] Hydration level was measured on the right or left cheekbone of each volunteer (depending on randomization) on D0, D21 (± 48 h), D42 (± 48 h) and D63 (± 48 h). Raw data were recorded directly into the eCRF by the evaluator.

[0183] Tables 8 to 13 summarize the results of the in vivo clinical evaluations. Table 8 presents a summary of the effect on skin radiance of Composition Example A and Comparison Composition 1.

[0184]

[0185]

[0186] [Tables 8] Complexion Radiance Comparison Composition 1 Composition Example A Initial Assessment (DO) Mean (SD) 5.42 (0.81) 4.58 (1.03) Comparison between group and group 1 p = 0.007 Day 21 (D21) Mean (SD) 6.12 (1.03) 5.12 (0.99) Comparison between group and group 1 p = 0.476 Day 21-D0 Mean (SD) of absolute difference 0.69 (0.47) 0.54 (0.58) Comparison of time points to DO p < 0.001 p < 0.001 Mean relative difference 13% 13% Day 42 (D42) Mean (SD) 6.56 (0.87) 5.5 (1.06) Comparison between group and group 1 p = 0.184 A.142 JO Mean (SD) of absolute difference 1.12(0.53) 0.83 (0.64) Comparison of time points vs. JO p < 0.001 p < 0.001 Mean relative difference 21% 19% Day 63(D63) Mean (SD) 6.56 (0.87) 5.64 (1.04) Comparison between group and group 1 p = 0.912 Ajo ï JO Mean (SD) of absolute difference 1.12(0.53) 1 (0.58) Comparison of time points vs. JO p < 0.001 p < 0.001 Mean relative difference 21% 23% . *p is a measure of statistical significance. A summary of the improvement in crow's feet wrinkles provided by Example A of composition and comparative composition 1 is presented in Table 9.

[0187] [Tables9] Appearance of Crow's Feet Wrinkles Comparison Composition 1 Composition Example A Initial Assessment (DO) Mean (SD) 2.43 (0.72) 2.44 (0.91) Comparison between group and group 1 / p = 0.973 Day 21 (D21) Mean (SD) 2.36 (0.69) 2.45 (0.9) Comparison between group and group 1 / p = 0.108 Day 21-D0 Mean (SD) of absolute difference -0.07 (0.19) 0.02 (0.11) Comparison of time points to DO p = 0.643 p = 1 Mean relative difference -2% 1% Day 42 (D42) Mean (SD) 2.3 (0.69) 2.33 (0.8) Comparison between group and group 1 / p = 0.019 A.142 JO Mean (SD) of absolute difference -0.15(0.16) -0.04 (0.2) Comparison of points in time with respect to JO p < 0.001 p = 0.969 Mean relative difference -6% 0% Day 63 (D63) Mean (SD) 2.29 (0.69) 2.31 (0.84) Comparison between group and group 1 / p = 0.145 Add ï JO Mean (SD) of absolute difference -0.16(0.17) -0.1 (0.22) Comparison of points in time with respect to JO p < 0.001 p = 0.092 Mean relative difference -6% -3% .

[0188] *p is a measure of statistical significance.

[0189] Table 10 presents a summary of the improvement in skin homogeneity provided by Composition Example A and Comparative Composition 1.

[0190]

[0191]

[0192] [Tables 10] Skin Homogeneity Comparison Composition 1 Composition Example A Initial Assessment (D0) Mean (SD) 4.77 (0.82) 4.15 (1.22) Comparison between group and group 1 p = 0.102 Day 21 (D21) Mean (SD) 5.04 (0.92) 4.65 (1.06) Comparison between group and group 1 p = 0.092 Day 21-D0 Mean (SD) of absolute difference 0.27 (0.45) 0.5 (0.51) Comparison of time points to D0 p = 0.184 p < 0.001 Mean relative difference 6% 15% Day 42 (D42) Mean (SD) 5.16(1.07) 4.88 (1.12) Comparison between group and group 1 p = 0.284 A.142 JO Mean (SD) of absolute difference 0.36 (0.49) 0.67 (0.76) Comparison of points in time with respect to D0 p = 0.016 p < 0.001 Mean relative difference 7% 20% Day 63 (D63) Mean (SD) 5.24(1.05) 4.64 (1.04) Comparison between group and group 1 p = 0.884 Ajo ï JO Mean (SD) of absolute difference 0.44 (0.51) 0.44 (0.58) Comparison of points in time with respect to D0 p < 0.001 p < 0.001 Mean relative difference 9% 14% . *p is a measure of statistical significance. A summary of the improvement in skin smoothness provided by Example A of composition and comparison composition 1 is presented in Table 11.

[0193] [Tableauxll] Skin Smoothness Comparison Composition 1 Composition Example A Initial Assessment (DO) Mean (SD) 5.58 (0.76) 4.92(1.41) Comparison between group and group 1 p = 0.206 Day 21 (D21) Mean (SD) 6 (0.94) 5.27 (1.19) Comparison between group and group 1 p = 0.093 Day 21-D0 Mean (SD) of absolute difference 0.42 (0.7) 0.35 (0.49) Comparison of time points to DO p = 0.017 P = 0.12 Mean relative difference 8% 10% Day 42 (D42) Mean (SD) 6.2 (1.08) 5.67 (1.34) Comparison between group and group 1 p = 0.885 A.142 JO Mean (SD) of absolute difference 0.64 (0.64) 0.67 (0.64) Comparison of points in time compared to JO p < 0.001 p < 0.001 Mean relative difference 11% 17% Day 63 (D63) Mean (SD) 6.16(1.14) 5.64(1.41) Comparison between group and group 1 p = 0.672 Add ï JO Mean (SD) of absolute difference 0.6 (0.71) 0.68 (0.69) Comparison of points in time compared to JO p < 0.001 p < 0.001 Mean relative difference 11% 16% .

[0194] *p is a measure of statistical significance.

[0195] Table 12 presents a summary of the improvement in under-eye wrinkles provided by Composition Example A and Comparison Composition 1.

[0196] [Tables 12] Visibility of under-eye wrinkles Comparison composition 1 Composition example A Initial assessment (DO) Mean (SD) 2.38 (0.66) 2.48 (0.84) Comparison between group and group 1 p = 0.083 Day 21 (D21) Mean (SD) 2.33 (0.57) 2.55 (0.79) Comparison between group and group 1 p = 0.992 Day 21-D0 Mean (SD) of absolute difference -0.05 (0.25) 0.07 (0.24) Comparison of time points to DO p = 0.999 p = 0.238 Mean relative difference 0% 4% Day 42 (D42) Mean (SD) 2.3 (0.66) 2.5 (0.8) Comparison between group and group 1 p = 0.043 Day 42-Day Mean (SD) of absolute difference -0.06 (0.35) 0.07 (0.26) Comparison of time points relative to Day 63 (Day 63) Mean (SD) 2.3 (0.66) 2.38 (0.82) Comparison between group and group 1 p = 0.494 Day 63-Day Mean (SD) of absolute difference -0.06 (0.35) -0.07 (0.39) Comparison of time points vs. JO p = 0.989 p = 0.963 Mean relative difference -2% -2% ,

[0197] *p is a measure of statistical significance.

[0198] A summary of the improvement in skin hydration level provided by Composition Example A and Comparison Composition 1 is shown in Table 13.

[0199] [Tablesl3] Hydration Level Comparison Composition 1 Composition Example A Initial Assessment (DO) Mean (SD) 43.81 (3.32) 41.93 (3.76) Comparison between group and group 1 p = 0.674 Day 21 (D21) Mean (SD) 43.6 (2.81) 43.58 (3.7) Comparison between group and group 1 p = 1 Day21-D0 Mean (SD) of absolute difference -0.17(1.67) 1.71 (1.91) Comparison of time points to DO p= 1 p = 0.019 Mean relative difference 0% 4% Day 42 (D42) Mean (SD) 43.31 (3.42) 42.04 (3.68) Comparison between group and group 1 p = 0.978 A.142 JO Mean (SD) of absolute difference -0.27 (2.7) 0.42 (2.56) Comparison of points in time compared to JO p= 1 p = 1 Mean relative difference 0% 1% Day 63 (D63) Mean (SD) 44.19 (3.37) 43.2 (3.32) Comparison between group and group 1 p = 0.998 Add ï JO Mean (SD) of absolute difference 0.62 (2.28) 1.61 (1.85) Comparison of points in time compared to JO p = 0.986 p = 0.065 Mean relative difference 2% 4% .

[0200] *p is a measure of statistical significance.

[0201] The similar or superior effects obtained with Composition Example A compared to Comparison Composition 1 were unexpected given that Composition Example A is in the form of a topical serum and Comparison Composition 1 is in the form of a composition for mesotherapy injection.

[0202] Cutometric evaluation

[0203] Each of the volunteers underwent a cutometric evaluation at the level of the cheekbone and the hollow of the cheek according to a procedure similar to that described in Example 2.

[0204] Table 14 presents a summary of the improvement in skin firmness, measured at the cheekbone, provided by Composition Example A and Comparison Composition 1.

[0205] [Tablesl4] Maximum firmness or amplitude (cheekbone skin) Comparison composition 1 Example A of composition Initial evaluation (D0) Mean (SD) 0.262 (0.075) 0.26 (0.071) Comparison between group and group 1 p= 1 Day 21 (D21) Mean (SD) 0.271 (0.067) 0.279 (0.088) Comparison between group and group 1 p= 1 Day 21-D0 Mean (SD) of absolute difference 0.008 (0.093) 0.018 (0.072) Comparison of time points relative to D0 p = lp = 0.996 Mean relative difference 9% 9% Day 42 (D42) Mean (standard deviation) 0.304 (0.082) 0.293 (0.07) Comparison between group and group 1 p= 1 A.142 JO Mean (standard deviation) of the absolute difference 0.043 (0.108) 0.032 (0.091) Comparison of time points relative to J0 p = 0.392 p = 0.715 Mean relative difference 23% 17% Day 63 (D63) Mean (SD) 0.333 (0.114) 0.305 (0.091) Comparison between group and group 1 p = 0.984 Added to D0 Mean (SD) of absolute difference 0.071 (0.087) 0.045 (0.074) Comparison of time points relative to D0 p = 0.004 p = 0.314 Mean relative difference 29% 19%

[0206] *p is a measure of statistical significance.

[0207] A summary of the improvement in the extent of skin length recovery, measured at the cheekbone, provided by Composition Example A and Comparison Composition 1 is shown in Table 15.

[0208] [Tables 15] Extent of skin length recovery (cheekbone skin) Comparison composition 1 Example A of composition Initial assessment (D0) Mean (SD) 0.579 (0.097) 0.565 (0.086) Comparison between group and group 1 p= 1 Day 21 (D21) Mean (SD) 0.598 (0.074) 0.594 (0.085) Comparison between group and group 1 p= 1 Day 21-D0 Mean (SD) of absolute difference 0.019 (0.099) 0.029 (0.098) Comparison of time points relative to D0 p = lp = 0.994 Mean relative difference 5% 7% Day 42 (D42) Mean (standard deviation) 0.595 (0.113) 0.595 (0.086) Comparison between group and group 1 p= 1 Aj42-J0 Mean (standard deviation) of the absolute difference 0.017(0.112) 0.032 (0.104) Comparison of time points with respect to D0 p = lp = 0.989 Mean relative difference 4% 8% Day 63 (D63) Mean (SD) 0.629 (0.15) 0.585 (0.091) Comparison between group and group 1 p = 0.967 Day63-D0 Mean (SD) of absolute difference 0.051 (0.145) 0.025 (0.088) Comparison of time points with respect to D0 p = 0.74 p = 0.999 Mean relative difference 10% 6%

[0209] *p is a measure of statistical significance.

[0210] Table 16 presents a summary of the improvement in net skin elasticity, measured at the cheekbone, provided by Composition Example A and Comparison Composition 1.

[0211] [T ables 16] Net elasticity (cheekbone skin) Comparison composition 1 Example A of composition Initial evaluation (D0) Mean (SD) 0.555 (0.113) 0.543 (0.107) Comparison between group and group 1 p = l Day 21 (D21) Mean (SD) 0.557 (0.083) 0.558 (0.093) Comparison between group and group 1 p = l Day21-D0 Mean (SD) of absolute difference 0.002 (0.112) 0.016(0.115) Comparison of time points relative to D0 p = lp = l Mean relative difference 4% 6% Day 42 (D42) Mean (SD) 0.537 (0.116) 0.537 (0.1) Comparison between group and group 1 p = l Day 42-Day Mean (SD) of absolute difference -0.017 (0.107) -0.003 (0.112) Comparison of time points vs. Day 63 (Day 63) Mean (SD) 0.584 (0.165) 0.545 (0.119) Comparison between group and group 1 p = 0.997 Day 63-Day Mean (SD) of absolute difference 0.03 (0.125) 0.008 (0.116) Comparison of time points vs. Day 63 (Day 63) p = 0.997 Mean (SD) of absolute difference 6% 3%

[0212] *p is a measure of statistical significance.

[0213] Table 17 presents a summary of the improvement in the skin fatigue effect, measured at the cheekbone, provided by Composition Example A and Comparison Composition 1.

[0214] [Tablesl7] Skin fatigue effect (cheekbone skin) Comparison composition 1 Example A of composition Initial evaluation (D0) Mean (SD) 0.029 (0.008) 0.028 (0.007) Comparison between group and group 1 p= 1 Day 21 (D21) Mean (SD) 0.032 (0.005) 0.034 (0.007) Comparison between group and group 1 p = 0.999 Day 21-D0 Mean (SD) of absolute difference 0.003 (0.009) 0.006 (0.01) Comparison of time points relative to D0 p = 0.983 p = 0.145 Mean relative difference 16% 3 2% Day 42 (D42) Mean (standard deviation) 0.032 (0.008) 0.031 (0.007) Comparison between group and group 1 p= 1 Day 42-Day Mean (SD) of absolute difference 0.003 (0.009) 0.003 (0.01) Comparison of time points relative to Day 0 p = 0.931 p = 0.961 Mean relative difference 14% 20% Day 63 (Day 63) Mean (SD) 0.036 (0.006) 0.032 (0.009) Comparison between group and group 1 p = 0.97 Day 1 Day Mean (SD) of absolute difference 0.006 (0.009) 0.005 (0.011) Comparison of time points relative to Day 0 p = 0.087 p = 0.579 Mean relative difference 27% 24%

[0215] *p is a measure of statistical significance.

[0216] As indicated above, the similar or superior effects obtained with Composition Example A compared to Comparison Composition 1 were surprising.

[0217] Example 5

[0218] A non-limiting example of a skin care composition (Composition Example B) was prepared as a serum in accordance with certain aspects of the invention. The formulation of Composition Example B is shown in Table 22 (below).

[0219] [Tables22] Compound Name INCI Ex. B (% by weight) Water 61-70 Methylpropanediol 10 Isopentyldiol 10 Glycerin 5-5.4 Polysorbate 80 3.8-4.4 1,2-Hexanediol 1.9-2.2 Perfume 0.5 Niacinamide 0.3 - 0.5 Propanediol 0.3 - 0.5 Taurine 0.2 - 0.3 Polyglyceryl-10 Dioleate 0.2 - 0.3 Sodium PCA 0.2 - 0.3 Carnosine 0.2 - 0.3 Mannitol 0.2 - 0.3 Sodium Hyaluronate 0.1-0.3 Tocopheryl Acetate 0.1-0.3 Citric Acid 0.1-0.3 Pentylene Glycol 0.1-0.2 Arginine 0.1-0.2 Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride 0.1-0.2 0-CYMEN-5-0L 0.01-0.1 Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid 0.01-0.1 Adenosine 0.01-0.1 Polyglyceryl-10 Dipalmitate 0.01-0.1 Chondrus Crispus Powder 0.01-0.1 Silybum marianum Extract 0.01-0.1 Sodium Benzoate 0.01-0.1 Xanthan Gum 0.01-0.1 Glyceryl Caprylate 0.01-0.05 Dipeptide Diaminobutyroyl Benzylamide Diacetate 0.01-0.05 Tocopherol 0.001-0.01 Benzoic Acid 0.001-0.01 Glycine 0.001-0.01 Pseudoalter omonas Ferment Extract 0.001-0.01 Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide 0.001-0.01 Magnesium sulfate 0.001-0.01 Ergothioneine 0.001-0.01 Dyes 0.0002

[0220] Example 6

[0221] Composition Examples A and B were evaluated against three comparison compositions (comparison compositions 2 to 4) to evaluate the effectiveness of the respective compositions. The list of ingredients of comparison compositions 2 is provided below.

[0222] Water, Glycereth-26, Glycerin, Methylpropanediol, Pentylene Glycol, Sodium Chloride, Ppg-26-Buteth-26, Peg-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, Phenoxyethanol, Parfum (Fragrance), Sodium Hyaluronate, Propanediol, Sucrose Palmitate, Glucose, Xanthan Gum, Tocopheryl Acetate, Disodium Edta, Octadecyl Di-T-Butyl-4-Hydroxyhydrocinnamate, Potassium Chloride, Glyceryl Linoleate, Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis (Sweet Almond) Oil, Calcium Chloride, Adenosine, Magnesium Sulfate, Glutamine, Sodium Hydroxide, Sodium Phosphate, Ascorbic Acid, Sodium Acetate, Glyceryl Caprylate, Lysine HCl, Arginine HCl, Alanine, Histidine HCl, Valine, leucine, threonine, citric acid, isoleucine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine, glycine, polysorbate 80, potassium sorbate, serine, cystine, cyanocobalamin, glutathione, asparagine, aspartic acid, Pseudoalteromonas ferment extract, omithine HCl, glutamic acid, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, proline,methionine, taurine, hydroxyproline, glucosamine HCl, coenzyme A, tocopherol, sodium glucuronate, thiamine diphosphate, retinyl acetate, inositol, niacin, niacinamide, pyridoxine HCl, biotin, calcium pantothenate, riboflavin, sodium tocopheryl phosphate, thiamine HCl and folic acid.

[0223] A list of ingredients for Comparison Compositions 3 is provided below.

[0224] Water, bifida ferment lysate, Peg-8, propanediol, bis-Peg-18 methyl ether dimethyl silane, methyl gluceth-20, glycereth-26, Peg-75, butylene glycol, Adansonia digitata seed extract, tripeptide-32, sodium hyaluronate, yeast extract\Faex, Lactobacillus ferment, Cola acuminata (Kola) seed extract, Anthemis nobilis (Chamomile) flower extract, hydrolyzed algin, pantethine, caffeine, lecithin, sodium rna, bisabolol, squalane, glycerin, oleth-3 phosphate, caprylyl glycol, oleth-3, oleth-5, choleth-24, hydrogenated lecithin, jojoba wax, peg-120 esters, ceteth-24, acetate Tocopheryl, Carbomer, Triethanolamine, Tetrasodium Edta, Bht, Xanthan Gum, Potassium Sorbate, Disodium Edta, Phenoxyethanol, Red 4 (Ci 14700), and Yellow 5 (Ci 19140).

[0225] A list of ingredients for Comparison Compositions 4 is provided below.

[0226] Water, Bifid Ferment Lysate, Glycerin, Alcohol Denat., Dimethicone, Hydroxyethylpiperazine Ethane Sulfonic Acid, Ascorbyl Glucoside, Lactobacillus, Tocopherol, Sodium Hyaluronate, Sodium Hydroxide, Sodium Benzoate, Phenoxyethanol, Adenosine, Faex Extract / Yeast Extract, Peg-20 Methyl Glucose Sesquistearate, Peg-60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, Polymnia Sonchifolia Root Juice, Maltodextrin, Salicyloyl Phytosphingosine, Ammonium Polyacryloyldimethyl Taurate, Limonene, Mannose, Xanthan Gum, Pentylene Glycol, Propylene Glycol, Caprylyl Glycol, Alpha-Glucan Oligosaccharide, Sorbitol, Disodium Edta, Rosa Gallica Flower Extract, Octyldodecanol, Citronellol and fragrance.

[0227] Specifically, oxidative species (ROS) reduction, elasticity (ECM), barrier, and vitality were evaluated for each of Composition Examples A and B as well as Comparison Compositions 2-4. A summary of the evaluation of Composition Examples A and B versus Comparison Compositions 2-4 is presented in FIGS. 1-4. Specifically, [Fig.l] is a bar graph of the effect on oxidative species reduction. [Fig.2] is a bar graph of the effect on elastin fibers. [Fig.3] is a bar graph of the effect on the expression of COL1A1, FBN1, COL7A1, LUM, and TNC. [Fig.4] is a bar graph of the effect on the expression of loricrin.

Claims

Claims

1. A skin care composition comprising: hyaluronic acid or a salt thereof; vitamin E; a peptide; an extract comprising one or more Silybum marianum extracts and / or a Pseudoalteromonas ferment extract; and water in an amount of 45% by weight or more, based on the total weight of the skin care composition.

2. The skin care composition of claim 1, wherein the hyaluronic acid or a salt thereof comprises hydrolyzed hyaluronic acid.

3. A skin care composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the hyaluronic acid or a salt thereof comprises sodium hyaluronate.

4. A skin care composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the vitamin E is selected from alpha-tocopherol, beta-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol, delta-tocopherol, alpha-tocotrienol, beta-tocotrienol, gamma-tocotrienol, delta-tocotrienol, tocopheryl acetate, tocopheryl phosphate, and a combination of two or more thereof.

5. A skin care composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the vitamin E comprises alpha-tocopherol.

6. A skin care composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the peptide comprises dipeptide diaminobutyroyl benzylamide diacetate, acetyl tetrapeptide-11, acetyl tetrapeptide-9, palmitoyl tripeptide-1, palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7, or a combination of two or more thereof.

7. A skin care composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the peptide is selected from dipeptides.

8. A skin care composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the peptide comprises the dipeptide diaminobutyroyl benzylamide diacetate.

9. A skin care composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the extract comprises both Silybum marianum extract and Pseudoalteromonas ferment extract.

10. A skin care composition according to any preceding claim further comprising one or more polyols, optionally in an amount of 4 to 22% by weight, based on the total weight of the skin care composition.

11. The skin care composition of claim 10, wherein the one or more polyols comprise a plurality of polyols, the plurality of polyols comprising glycerin and one or more glycols.

12. A skin care composition according to claim 10 or claim 11, wherein the polyol(s) comprises ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, caprylyl glycol, hexylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, or a combination of two or more thereof.

13. A skin care composition according to any preceding claim further comprising: a non-ionic surfactant, optionally in an amount of from 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the skin care composition.

14. The skin care composition of claim 13, wherein the nonionic surfactant is selected from pegylated castor oils, polyglycerol esters, poloxamers, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, alkylphenol ethoxylates, tertiary amine oxides, glucosides, and a combination of two or more thereof.

15. The skin care composition of claim 14, wherein the pegylated castor oil has a pegylated chain of 10 to 80.

16. A skin care composition according to any preceding claim further comprising an amino acid component comprising ergothioneine.

17. The skin care composition of claim 16, wherein the amino acid component further comprises taurine, arginine, glycine or a combination of two or more thereof.

18. The skin care composition of claim 17, wherein the amino acid component comprises taurine, arginine and glycine.

19. A skin care composition according to any preceding claim further comprising: vitamin B, optionally present in an amount of from 0.1 to 3% by weight, based on the total weight of the skin care composition.

20. The skin care composition of claim 19, wherein the vitamin B comprises niacinamide.

21. A skin care composition according to any preceding claim further comprising: pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and / or a salt thereof, optionally present in an amount of 0.1 to 3% by weight, based on the total weight of the skin care composition.

22. The skin care composition of claim 21, wherein the skin care composition has a weight ratio of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and / or a salt thereof to niacinamide of 1:1 to 1:

11.

23. A skin care composition according to any one of claims 16 to 22, wherein the skin care composition has a weight ratio of alpha-tocopherol to ergothioneine of 6:1 to 1:

6.

24. A skin care composition according to any one of claims 20 to 23, wherein the skin care composition has a weight ratio of alpha-tocopherol to niacinamide of 1:1 to 1:

11.

25. A skin care composition according to any one of claims 20 to 24, wherein the skin care composition has a weight ratio of ergothioneine to niacinamide of 1:1 to 1:

11.

26. A skin care composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the water is present in an amount of about 60 to about 90% by weight, optionally 70 to 90% by weight or 75 to 80% by weight, based on the total weight of the skin care composition.

27. ​​A method of reducing wrinkles and / or improving the elasticity, homogeneity, luminosity and / or firmness of the skin, comprising: injecting a composition onto an area of ​​skin; and applying a serum to the area of ​​skin, the serum comprising: hyaluronic acid or a salt thereof, vitamin E, a peptide, an extract comprising one or more Silybum marianum extracts or a Pseudoalteromonas ferment extract, and water in an amount of 45% by weight or more, based on the total weight of the skin care composition.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein the serum is applied to the skin area within 72 hours of injection of the composition.

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