System and method for monitoring and / or detecting an operational state of a movable component of an aircraft

Abstract

A system monitors an operational state of a movable component, e.g. flaps 1, of an aircraft. The system uses a combination sensor 3 to sense both position and torque e.g. a kinematic and / or kinetic state of the flap 1. The operational state may be the skew or disconnect of the flaps 1.

Description

The present invention relates to a system for monitoring and / or detecting an operational state of a movable component of an aircraft, wherein the system has a movable component and a monitoring device. Sensor systems for monitoring the correct function of control surfaces, in particular on the wings of an aircraft, are known from the prior art. Prior art aircraft are equipped with control surfaces, such as leading-edge slats and landing flaps, to change the aerodynamic properties of the wings. Individual flaps of such lift aids are usually driven jointly by a plurality of actuators, wherein the actuators are arranged offset over the flap length and thus drive different parts of the flap. If the actuators are not synchronised, the flap may skew or even fail completely due to mechanical jamming. The damper may also become disconnected from a structure or actuator. In known aircraft models from the prior art, disconnect errors between an actuator and the flap are detected during visual inspections. As these are carried out at a certain inspection interval, it is necessary for the actuators to be designed for a higher load, resulting from the disconnect on the other actuator, in combination with the inspection interval, e.g. 10,000 flight cycles, and thus have increased weight. Aircraft types of newer design or certified according to current certification regulations use sensor systems that can detect disconnect and / or skew faults immediately or during a flight to detect a fault. This is necessary according to current authorisation regulations, as the faults mentioned are faults that can lead directly to a CAT end effect or, in combination with a dormant fault, can result in one. When position sensors are used, they are preferably installed in such a way that a skew or a jam and / or a disconnect can be detected at all points of the kinematics or the drive system, i.e. on the actuator. This means that they are connected as directly as possible to the flap to be monitored. When using load sensors, the sensors can be positioned more freely, but they should also measure the aerodynamic forces on the actuator as far as possible. In addition, it must be ensured that no new dormant faults are initiated by the sensor system itself. Furthermore, the fault loads occurring in the flap systems, i.e. in the slat and / or flap systems, can be such that in some situations monitoring based purely on load is very difficult or even impossible. A disadvantage of the prior art is that the integration of the sensors with direct connection to the structure or flap is complex. Similarly, not all defects can be optimally covered by the respective systems and the flaps and wing structure must be designed to cover these defects in some cases, which can lead to higher weights. Dormant faults in the sensor systems themselves are partly covered by maintenance intervals or additional sensors, for example, which incurs costs. The required resolution of purely position- or load-based systems is sometimes very high and therefore requires expensive sensor technologies. Not all faults can be covered by very robust monitoring equipment or monitors, which means that the robustness required to cover the safety-critical aspects suffers in some cases. Against this background, the object of the present invention is to improve the above-mentioned system, in particular with regard to system integration. This object is achieved by the subject matter with the features of the independent claim 1. Advantageous further embodiments of the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims. It is thus provided according to the invention that the system also has a combination sensor connected to the monitoring device, which is designed and arranged to detect a kinematic and / or kinetic state of the component, wherein the monitoring device is designed to monitor and / or detect an operational state of the component. A movable component is preferably understood to mean that the component as a whole or a part of the component is movable. A kinematic state of the component preferably comprises a position, velocity and / or acceleration of the component or a part of the component. A kinetic state of the component preferably comprises a load acting on the component or on a part of the component, in particular a force acting on the component and / or a torque acting on the component. Preferably, it is provided that the operational state comprises or is a skew of the component and / or a disconnect of the component from a structure. Preferably, it is provided that the monitoring device is designed to monitor the functionality of the combination sensor. Preferably, it is provided that the monitoring device is designed such that the functionality can be monitored by comparing a kinematic state of the component detected by the combination sensor with a kinetic state of the component detected by the combination sensor. Preferably, it is provided that the combination sensor comprises a kinematic sensor and a kinetic sensor, wherein the kinematic sensor and the kinetic sensor preferably share an element, for example, a measuring coil, and / or preferably have a common housing in certain areas. The kinematic sensor and the kinetic sensor can also be designed as separate units and / or preferably be installed in the component, in particular in an actuator. Preferably, it is provided that the kinematic sensor is a discrete and / or incremental sensor and / or wherein the kinetic sensor is designed to detect a direction of a kinetic state of the component. The combination sensor preferably has a combination of measuring systems, i.e. a kinematic and a kinetic measuring system. Preferably, both measuring systems have at least one common element. Preferably, it is provided that the system comprises an actuator, wherein the combination sensor is arranged in or on the actuator and / or wherein there are no combination sensors and / or sensors arranged in the component. Preferably, it is provided that the component comprises or consists of a lift aid, in particular a leading-edge slat or a landing flap, an actuator and / or a drive train. Preferably, it is provided that the system comprises a further combination sensor, wherein the monitoring device is designed such that monitoring and / or detecting the operational state of the component and / or monitoring the functionality of the combination sensor and / or the further combination sensor can be performed by comparing a kinematic and / or kinetic state of the component detected by the combination sensor with a kinematic and / or kinetic state of the component detected by the further combination sensor. Preferably, it is provided that the comparison of a kinematic or kinetic state of the component detected by the combination sensor with a further kinematic or kinetic state of the component detected by the further combination sensor can be performed by converting the kinematic or kinetic state into a kinematic or kinetic state. Preferably, a kinematic state is compared with a kinetic state by converting the kinematic state into a kinetic state. The conversion can be carried out using the stiffness of the component or of a section of the component. Similarly, a kinetic state can be compared with a kinematic state by converting the kinetic state into a kinematic state. Other sensors such as position sensors and / or load and / or current sensors can also be used for conversion and / or comparison. The invention also relates to an aircraft, in particular an aeroplane having a system according to the invention. The invention also relates to a method for monitoring and / or detecting an operational state of a movable component of an aircraft having a system according to the invention, wherein the method comprises the following steps: detecting a kinematic and / or kinetic state of a component using a combination sensor, monitoring and / or detecting an operational state of the component. Preferably, it is provided that the operational state comprises or is a skew of the component and / or a disconnect of the component from a structure. Preferably, it is provided that a disconnect of the component that takes place in front of an area in which the combination sensor is arranged, takes place by detecting a kinematic and kinetic state of the component and a disconnect of the component that takes place behind an area in which the combination sensor is arranged, takes place only by detecting a kinetic state of the component. The spatial information, such as “in front of” or “behind”, preferably refers to the spatial arrangement on the aircraft. Preferably, it is provided that monitoring and / or detecting an operational state of the component is performed by detecting a kinematic state of the component after a kinetic state of the component reaches or exceeds a limit value and / or in that monitoring and / or detecting an operational state of the component is performed by detecting a kinetic state of the component after a kinematic state of the component reaches or exceeds a limit value. Preferably, the features of the system are mutatis mutandis also features of the method. Preferably, the features of the method are mutatis mutandis also features of the system. At this point it is pointed out that the terms “a” and “one” do not necessarily refer to exactly one of the elements, although this is a possible embodiment, but can also denote a plurality of the elements. Similarly, the use of the plural also includes the presence of the element in question in the singular and, conversely, the singular also includes several of the elements in question. Furthermore, all of the features of the invention described herein may be claimed in any combination or in isolation from each other. Further advantages, features and effects of the present invention are shown in the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments with reference to the figures, in which the same or similar components are designated by the same reference numerals. In the figures: Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of a system according to the invention. Fig. 2 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of a system from the prior art. Fig. 1 shows a system according to the invention with two flaps 1. A flap 1 is driven by two actuators 2. Each actuator 2 has a combination sensor 3. The actuators 2 are driven via a drive train, which is driven by a drive unit 4. The drive train has a brake 5. An asymmetry sensor 6 is also provided. Fig. 2 shows a conversion from the prior art, which has a position sensor 3a independently connected to the flap instead of a combination sensor 3. In other words, position and torque sensors are preferably combined in one device, i.e. in a combination sensor for monitoring skew and / or disconnect errors in a high-lift system. Preferably, position and torque sensors are integrated in an actuator and / or in a device at an output. Preferably, the system has single flap actuators with sensors in the actuator only, without the additional need for sensors on or very close to the flap. Preferably, information from absolute and / or incremental position sensors and torque sensors is used together to mutually increase the robustness of the monitoring. Preferably, the torque information is used to detect a load zero crossing and the information is used to enable incremental sensors with higher resolution and / or less hysteresis. Preferably, the position and / or load information is used to monitor the correct function of the other sensor type. It is advantageous to combine two sensor systems, e.g. a load sensor and a position sensor, and to combine the advantages of the respective sensor systems in one concept. In an advantageous way, the robustness of the skew and / or disconnect monitoring device is increased by using both sets of sensor information. In an advantageous manner, both sensors are integrated at an easily accessible location that is preferably more accessible than a location at which known position sensors are arranged. The use of a plurality of sensor technologies has the advantage of reducing the amount of cabling required. In an advantageous manner, the required resolution of the respective sensors is reduced. For example, a discrete sensor can be used instead of an absolute sensor for position detection and / or a lower resolution can be used for load detection. This is preferably a more cost-effective implementation. In an advantageous manner, the sensors monitor each other’s function and thus exclude or reduce dormant faults. In an advantageous manner, the installation effort during assembly is reduced by combining two sensors. In an advantageous manner, the accessibility of the sensors to be installed is improved. In an advantageous manner, the required installation space is reduced. In an advantageous manner, costs are reduced by sharing components, e.g. a solenoid coil, a plug, a housing and / or cabling. In an advantageous manner, the robustness of the monitoring functions is increased. In an advantageous manner, a load reduction is achieved in the actuator and in the affected structure by reducing the forces that occur in the event of a fault. In an advantageous manner, the sensors, in particular both sensors, monitor each other’s function and thus exclude or reduce dormant faults. The combination sensor is preferably arranged as close as possible to the component, e.g. flap, in particular in order to be able to monitor the event of a disconnect in all necessary components. The combination sensor is preferably designed and arranged in such a way as to detect and / or limit the required differential angles or loads to the required extent in all relevant skew and / or disconnect conditions. The combination sensor preferably combines all the functionalities of prior art sensors in one unit and extends them to include load measurement and monitoring of the sensor technology. The known faults that lead to a skew or a powered skew usually have a fault location in front of the measuring point of torque and / or position of an actuator. Therefore, the monitoring of skew errors can be carried out via the two sensors in particular or together in combination. Preferably, the resolution of the monitoring can be increased or the robustness can be increased by using the sensor information, in particular from both sensors. Preferably, all faults are detected in front of the measuring point in the actuator via position-based and / or torque-based measurements. All faults that occur behind the measuring point are preferably recognised via pure torque measurement. Here too, the robustness and resolution of the combination sensor can be advantageous. The robustness as well as the recognisability of error cases can be increased by introducing a combined monitoring of both values. For example, load difference monitoring can only be activated if the difference angles are greater than a certain value. This can also be the case in reverse, i.e. differential angle monitoring is only activated when a minimum load is present. By combining both measuring principles, depending on the current position, a more robust limit value can be defined for each of the individual monitoring devices without exceeding the required target values. Preferably, in the case of independent measuring principles, it is therefore also possible to compare both sensor values and / or sensor differences of a flap or the opposing wings with each other or the deviation from the measured position (APPU, PPU) and thus to make a statement about the function of the sensors via a correlation of the differences and / or deviations. When converting the differential position via the stiffness to a load, the values of the position sensors can thus be compared to the values of the torque sensors. With incremental measuring systems, the achievable accuracy is also influenced by the occurring clearances and stiffnesses. Higher accuracy can be achieved with these systems if the additional information on load direction is available. This advantage can therefore have a significant impact and enable the benefit of cost-effective incremental systems. It is particularly advantageous if the combination sensor is designed in such a way that parts of the measuring systems can be used together in the combination sensor, thus enabling the functionality of certain function groups to be checked. For example, the same measuring coil can be used for torque and position measurement. The selection of the position of the sensors, e.g. input or output, can also be changed by combining the sensors, which would not be possible if only one sensor principle were used due to an independent connection to the structure. This means that the combination sensor can only be arranged in the actuator and no other sensors can be arranged in the structure, i.e. in moving parts.

Claims

1. System for monitoring and / or detecting an operational state of a movable component of an aircraft, wherein the system has a movable component and a monitoring device, wherein the system also has a combination sensor connected to the monitoring device, which is designed and arranged to detect a kinematic and / or kinetic state of the component, wherein the monitoring device is designed to monitor and / or detect an operational state of the component, wherein the monitoring device is designed to monitor the functionality of the combination sensor, wherein the monitoring device is designed such that the functionality can be monitored by comparing a kinematic state of the component detected by the combination sensor with a kinetic state of the component detected by the combination sensor.

2. System according to claim 1, wherein the operational state comprises or is a skew of the component and / or a disconnect of the component from a structure.

3. System according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the combination sensor comprises a kinematic sensor and a kinetic sensor, wherein the kinematic sensor and the kinetic sensor preferably share an element, preferably, in particular exactly, a measuring coil, and / or preferably have a common housing at least in certain areas.

4. System according to claim 3, wherein the kinematic sensor is a discrete and / or incremental sensor and / or wherein the kinetic sensor is designed to detect a direction of a kinetic state of the component.

5. System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the system comprises an actuator, wherein the combination sensor is arranged in or on the actuator and / or wherein there are no combination sensors and / or sensors arranged in the component.15 07 256. System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the component comprises or consists of a lift aid, in particular a leading-edge slat or a landing flap, an actuator and / or a drive train.

7. System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the system comprises a further combination sensor, wherein the monitoring device is designed such that monitoring and / or detecting the operational state of the component and / or monitoring the functionality of the combination sensor and / or the further combination sensor can be performed by comparing a kinematic and / or kinetic state of the component detected by the combination sensor with a kinematic and / or kinetic state of the component detected by the further combination sensor.

8. System according to claim 7, wherein the comparison of a kinematic or kinetic state of the component detected by the combination sensor with a further kinematic or kinetic state of the component detected by the further combination sensor can be performed by converting the kinematic or kinetic state into a kinematic or kinetic state.

9. Aircraft, in particular an aeroplane having a system according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. Method for monitoring and / or detecting an operational state of a movable component of an aircraft having a system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps:detecting a kinematic and / or kinetic state of a component using a combination sensor,monitoring and / or detecting an operational state of the component.

11. Method according to claim 10, wherein the operational state comprises or is a skew of the component and / or a disconnect of the component from a structure.

12. Method according to claim 10 or 11, wherein a disconnect of the component that takes place in front of an area in which the combination sensor is arranged, takes place by detecting a kinematic and kinetic state of the component and a disconnect of the component that takes place behind an area in which the combination sensor is arranged, takes place only by detecting a kinetic state of the component.

13. Method according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein monitoring and / or detecting an operational state of the component is performed by detecting a kinematic state of the component after a kinetic state of the component reaches or exceeds a limit value and / or in that monitoring and / or detecting an operational state of the component is performed by detecting a kinetic state of the component after a kinematic state of the component reaches or exceeds a limit value.LD

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