Fabrication of antibacterial nanocomposite coating based on water-based polyurethane / double hydroxide layer reinforced with antimicrobial copolymer with the ability to prevent bacterial growth

Abstract

The invention "Manufacturing an antibacterial nanocomposite coating based on water-based polyurethane / double hydroxide layer reinforced with an antimicrobial copolymer with the ability to prevent bacterial growth" relates to the field of the medical industry, coatings and coverings; and also relates to the field of medical equipment for the production of antibacterial polymer nanocomposites that inhibit bacterial growth. This nanocomposite coating consists of three different layers with antibacterial properties, each layer performing a different function in destroying bacteria. The first layer uses water-based polyurethane modified with chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol; the second layer uses layered double hydroxide modified with the antibacterial agent cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (cetolone); and finally, the third layer uses an antimicrobial polypropylene-ethylene copolymer (PP-R), which are mixed together to form an antibacterial nanocomposite coating.

Description

Description of the invention Title of the invention (as stated in the declaration) Fabrication of antibacterial nanocomposite coating based on water-based polyurethane / layered double hydroxide reinforced with antimicrobial copolymer with the ability to prevent bacterial growth Technical background of the relevant invention The present invention relates to the field of medical, coating and textile industry, in antibacterial coatings and also to the field of medical equipment for the production of antibacterial polymer nanocomposites, which inhibit the growth of bacteria; This nanocomposite coating consists of three different layers with antibacterial properties, each layer performing a different function in destroying bacteria. Chitosan, which is a natural polymer with antibacterial properties, and has a very strong antibacterial and antimicrobial function against a wide range of microorganisms, is used as the base polymer in the manufacture of nanocomposite coatings; This nanocomposite is capable of controlled release of antibacterial substances, preventing the growth and colonies of bacteria in the coating, and the ability to adhere to the bacterial cell wall in both alkaline and acidic conditions and causing changes in its membrane and ultimately killing the bacteria.In addition, it is resistant to various temperature, humidity, and impact changes, so that it exhibits acceptable elasticity, flexibility, and softness along with stability against various microorganisms. Technical problem and stating the objectives of the invention One of the issues currently faced in educational and medical centers and hospitals is the increase in antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria. It has been determined that there are suitable conditions for the development of opportunistic infections in patients admitted to hospitals; so that microbial contamination of operating rooms, delivery rooms, burn units, dressings and injections is one of the most important factors underlying hospital infections, and causes the spread of such infections in the aforementioned environments; Many textile materials currently used in hospitals and clinics, by attaching pathogenic microorganisms to these textiles, lead to the transfer of these microorganisms from sick people or infected places to healthy people and other uninfected places.On the other hand, infectious diseases caused by the mutation of pathogenic microorganisms, and the development of new strains of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, currently pose a serious threat to public health; so that many of those who suffer from infectious contamination are in the hospital environment; according to statistics published by the hospital infection control department, more than 10% of hospitalized patients develop new diseases and infections. This issue causes a lot of deaths in different countries and more than billions of dollars in healthcare costs. Therefore, one of the biggest challenges faced by medical devices, hospital equipment and health products is dealing with bacteria, and the search for methods to deal with bacteria by reducing microbial effects seems essential.The prevalence of infections and the growth of bacteria resistant to antibacterial agents have led to the use of new methods to create antibacterial behavior; Antimicrobial technology and antibacterial agents provide up to 99.99% stable and effective protection against microorganisms; For this reason, in recent years, antibacterial polymer coatings have been used to create antibacterial behavior; which prevent a wide range of bacteria from adhering to surfaces; and are of interest in many fields, especially medicine. In accordance with the application of these antibacterial coatings in various industries, the importance of improving their antibacterial properties is increasingly apparent. Research and development of polymer-based antibacterial materials is very important to prevent bacterial proliferation. Most antibiotics kill microbes by affecting one of the biological pathways, such as breaking down a protein or enzyme. This method leads to long-term resistance of microbes to antibiotics. Antibacterial materials affect the bacterial membrane system and destroy it. Since the structural properties of the membrane are affected, it is impossible or very difficult to create resistance to this material in bacteria. Sometimes the activity and effect of antibacterials may also cause changes in the function of some cells, which results in the destruction of bacteria and other microorganisms. In fact, antibacterials have the best and most effective effect when they can first penetrate and react inside the target cells. Once microbial adhesion begins, bacterial growth and colonization follow until a dense biofilm matrix is ​​formed.Unfortunately, the presence of this protective biofilm matrix ensures bacterial overgrowth, while simultaneously preventing antibiotics and host defense mechanisms from successfully combating infections. Therefore, to prevent these infections, the presence of antibacterial agents as well as polymers with antibacterial properties is strongly felt. Composites are a method for improving or creating new properties in different products with various applications. Composites are composed of two phases: matrix and filler. The matrix phase can be polymer, metal or ceramic. The main properties of polymer matrix composites include the diverse and extensive use of desirable physical properties at ambient temperature, easy and fast preparation, and low cost. In addition to reducing the price of the final product, fillers can improve or create new properties that are not normally present in the polymer matrix. Common fillers include fibrous, spherical, tubular, and plate fillers; in addition, the use of some fillers allows for the use of less polymer; and some others can strengthen the polymer and improve its mechanical properties. Nanocomposites are materials in which at least one of their components is nanometer (1-10 nm) in size. Nanocomposites are classified into three main groups based on the matrix used: metal, ceramic, and polymer matrices.In general, polymer nanocomposites, depending on the type of nanofillers used, have properties such as high mechanical strength and heat resistance, high resistance to corrosion and flame, high electrical conductivity and low heat transfer. In polymer nanocomposites, the nanometer size of the fillers and their large contact surface area cause better interaction of these fillers with the polymer matrix and, as a result, improve the properties compared to composites with non-nanometer-sized fillers. In contrast, in nanocomposites, due to the better interaction of nanofillers with the polymer matrix, other useful properties are usually less weakened by improving the useful property. Therefore, it is necessary to use effective and low-cost polymers, compounds and materials with continuous and continuous use to improve the performance of nanocomposites.Unfortunately, some of the compounds and materials used in the manufacture of nanocomposites do not provide effective performance improvements, and if used repeatedly, they quickly lose their quality and properties; therefore, by using effective materials with their optimal performance that can improve appropriate tensile strength, high thermal strength, special external surface properties, and many other useful features; nanocomposites with suitable properties in various industrial fields can be produced. Currently, based on the type of fillers used and the type of polymer texture used, various polymer nanocomposites with special properties and applications are prepared. Uniform dispersion of nanofillers in the polymer texture and strong surface bonding between them and the host polymer are of great importance in the synthesis of polymer nanocomposites; unfortunately, some of the compounds and polymers used, due to the lack of quality and relevant properties, cause the nanocomposite with special performance to be ineffective.In addition, the use of some compounds and implementation methods for preparing nanocomposites is not cost-effective in terms of economic costs; as many of these methods consume excessive energy and cost. Therefore, considering the increase in external destructive damage in the medical industry, coatings and coatings and the great need to use low-cost and effective methods, the development of domestic advanced polymer nanocomposite coatings with independent intellectual property rights is essential. Therefore, the fundamental need to develop domestic advanced nanocomposites, including biomaterials and natural polymers of appropriate quality that are safe, efficient and effective, and implement an effective and low-cost method, is inevitable. Antibacterial nanocomposite systems are more effective than antibacterial nanoagents, especially due to their higher surface area to volume ratio, as well as improved surface activity (reactivity). On the other hand, this property makes them more effective in inactivating microorganisms than their micro- and macro-scale counterparts. In addition, nanocomposite systems have excellent mechanical, optical, thermal, inhibitory and biodegradable properties compared to conventional composite systems. Antibacterial nanocomposites in the medical industry, coatings and coatings are able to reduce, combat and eliminate (eliminate) pathogenic microbes, fungi and molds. Various antibacterial nanocomposites have been developed by adding antibacterial materials into polymer matrices for application in various coating systems.Antibacterial nanocomposites provide properties such as high mechanical strength, low weight, improved barrier properties against liquids and gases, preventing the penetration of oxygen and moisture, and preventing contamination of coatings, coatings, and textiles. These compounds have greater potential and stability in the medical, coating, and coating industries to maintain antimicrobial activity. Nanocomposites can be produced with different types of polymers; so that the use of polymers with antibacterial properties increases the antibacterial properties of nanocomposites. The use of antibacterial nanocomposites reduces the permeability of microbes to a very small extent. Nanocomposites modified with antibacterial materials and efficient polymers, due to their high quality, can be used in many areas, including the medical industry and hospitals, which are highly exposed to microbial contamination.Nanocomposites with strong antibacterial properties from various antibacterial materials can play an effective role in controlling pollution and infection at different levels, and their use is considered one of the important methods for controlling physicochemical and microbial changes in various industries; so that this technology can play an important role in reducing pollution and creating safety. There are various methods for making various types of drug-delivery nanocomposites, the selection of the appropriate method, the type of constituent materials, size distribution, coating integrity and controlled release affect the quality of the nanocomposite coating; which requires attention to the type of efficiency and type of materials used to make the desired antibacterial nanocomposites. The textile industry is one of the industries related to the health of people in every age and social group. Textiles can provide a good environment for the growth of microorganisms, especially when they are in the right humidity and temperature and in contact with the human body.The primary purpose of antimicrobial textiles is to protect textiles from being affected by microbes, especially fungi; medical, sports, etc. textiles should all be fully antimicrobial. Bacteria are the cause of many infectious diseases; they are widely distributed in nature, and are often found as natural microflora of the skin, nose, and upper respiratory tract; many of them play an effective role in human pathogenesis; usually antibacterial nanocomposites provide a new approach for significant applications as an interesting multifunctional coating. Antibacterial nanocomposites have unique properties, such as greater stability, long durability and safety, and are also resistant to a wide range of microbes. These systems have more advantages than conventional antibacterial systems. Therefore, in this idea, a new antibacterial nanocomposite system is built based on the unique materials and compounds used, which has better and stronger antibacterial properties. Today, water-based polyurethanes are used in the medical, coating and textile industries due to their characteristics such as biocompatibility, non-toxicity, cost-effectiveness and unique properties such as adhesion to various surfaces, good film properties, resistance to chemicals, solvents and water, abrasion resistance, high tensile strength, desirable flexibility, high resistance to water vapor penetration and environmental advantages. Antibacterial polyurethane coatings can be used to prevent the growth of bacteria on various surfaces, as well as to limit the spread of bacterial infections in many textiles and hospital equipment, health products and .... Preparation of antibacterial water-based polyurethanes is carried out using various solutions such as adding nanostructures, blending with antibacterial polymers, drug loading, use of antibacterial monomers and polymer surface modification, which in this idea, polymer modified water-based polyurethane is made based on interpenetrated polymer networks.Bacteria strongly adhere to the surface of the polyurethane film, grow rapidly, and form colonies. In order to prevent the growth of bacteria on surfaces, various solutions such as the use of polymers, monomers, etc. can be used to prepare antibacterial coatings based on water-based polyurethane. Layered double hydroxides (LDH) are known as nanostructures with a positive layer charge and interlayer anions. The unique features of LDHs include non-toxicity, cheapness, good biocompatibility, favorable thermal, mechanical, and antibacterial properties, large contact surface area, and high interlayer anion exchange capacity; Due to these characteristics, these materials have great potential for application in various fields including polymer additives and drug release; Therefore, in this proposed idea, it is used as a polymer additive for the controlled release of antibacterial material in a modified form.Copolymers are a class of polymers, which are composed of two or more different types of monomers, which offer a wide range of properties and applications; Copolymers, due to their exceptional properties and distinct structure compared to polymers, have found special applications; These materials are formed through the polymerization of multiple monomers in different configurations; As a result, they have a wide range of unique properties. Through the strategic selection and combination of different monomers, copolymers can be designed to meet specific purposes, making them highly desirable materials in various industries; Therefore, in this idea, an antimicrobial copolymer is used as an effective additive in increasing the efficiency and quality of the product. Copolymers are produced through the polymerization process; In this process, two or more different types of monomers are chemically linked together. Monomers are small molecules, which are capable of reacting with each other, forming long chains called polymers.By using several types of monomers during polymerization, copolymers are created, which have distinct properties. Copolymers play an important role in the field of polymer science, and have found wide applications due to their capacity to combine the properties of a single monomer used in their structure, resulting in a wide range of material properties and characteristics. Nanotechnology is a branch of science that deals with the use of atoms and molecules at the nanoscale. Chitosan is a biopolymer that has found widespread use due to its low cost and biological properties such as biodegradability, antibacterial and health safety. Chitosan is a cationic polysaccharide obtained from the alkaline deacetylation process of chitin. Chitosan is one of the biodegradable polymers with desirable antimicrobial properties; its films and composites are very easy to prepare. As a result, it currently has a variety of potential applications in the medical industry, coatings and coatings. Chitosan has the necessary characteristics of an ideal polymer to prevent bacterial growth, and has good prospects in the medical industry. In addition to its inherent biocompatibility and non-toxicity, this material has effective antibacterial effects, which are related to the cationic amino group.Therefore, the use of natural chitosan polymer with unique activities, instead of using other polymers, has been more considered; which are an alternative to the use of other polymers, and by achieving antibacterial functional properties through the polymer matrix, it can be used as a natural polymer with antibacterial properties that are always available. Therefore, in this proposed idea, it is used as a base polymer with antibacterial properties to make a nanocomposite coating. Therefore, in the field of making antibacterial nanocomposite coatings, the idea that has been formed in this invention is to make an antibacterial nanocomposite coating based on water-based polyurethane / layered double hydroxide (LDH) reinforced with an antimicrobial copolymer with the ability to prevent bacterial growth; which, in addition to having antibacterial benefits, has desirable physical properties at ambient temperature, easy and fast preparation, and low cost. This nanocomposite is capable of controlled release of antibacterial substances, preventing bacterial growth and colonies in the coating, and the ability to adhere to the bacterial cell wall in both alkaline and acidic conditions and causing changes in its membrane and ultimately killing the bacteria; in addition, it has the property of resistance to various temperature, humidity, and impact changes; so that it exhibits acceptable elasticity, flexibility, and softness along with stability against various microorganisms.This antibacterial polymer nanocomposite has multi-phase materials that inhibit bacterial growth and is desirable for various applications including the medical industry, coatings and coatings. In the manufacture of the nanocomposite coating in this idea, three antibacterial phases with different compositions are used, which ultimately create a three-layer coating. So that in its first layer, water-based polyurethane modified with chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol is used to create antibacterial activity to improve dispersion properties, desirable stability, integrity and resistance; Chitosan has antibacterial activity, and polyvinyl alcohol is used to increase biocompatibility in it, which by modifying the chitosan surface with polyvinyl alcohol in this nanocomposite layer, the biocompatibility and limitation of chitosan are improved; in this case, desirable adhesion to surfaces, high long-term stability, non-toxicity, flexibility, etc. are among the desirable characteristics of the first layer made in this nanocomposite coating.In the construction of the second layer of the nanocomposite coating made in this design, layered double hydroxide (LDH) modified with an antibacterial agent is used to inhibit bacterial growth; so that the adsorption and adhesion of bacteria to the nanocomposite coating is reduced through the modified LDH surface; and the formation of biofilm by bacteria in the nanocomposite coating is delayed, in which case, this second layer is able to prevent biofilm contamination by bacteria and also kill bacteria in this manufactured coating. In fact, the use of modified layered double hydroxide in this layer is for the stable and continuous controlled release of the antibacterial compound, which creates an effective antibacterial property. In the third layer of this nanocomposite coating made of an antimicrobial polypropylene-ethylene copolymer, is used; so that through this copolymer in the third layer, acceptable elasticity and softness are created in the coating along with stability against microorganisms.This copolymer makes the nanocomposite coating made against chemicals, resistant to high temperatures and maintaining shape and flexibility against temperature, humidity and impact changes, have desirable properties. Bacteria are the cause of many infectious diseases; and textiles can provide a good environment for the growth of microorganisms; especially when they are in the right humidity and temperature and in contact with the human body; therefore, the most important goal is to protect textiles from being affected by microbes. Therefore, the idea used in this invention is a new nanocomposite coating, with strong antibacterial properties, which can be used in various fields of the medical industry, coatings and linings. A description of the state of the prior art and the history of developments related to the claimed invention. The textile industry is one of the industries related to the health of people of all ages and social groups. Textiles can provide a good environment for the growth of microorganisms, especially if they are in the right humidity and temperature and in contact with the human body. Bacteria are the cause of many infectious diseases; and they have been widely distributed in nature; therefore, the primary purpose of antimicrobial textiles is to protect textiles from being affected by microbes. Antibacterial substances destroy microbes by affecting one of the biological pathways, such as breaking down a protein or enzyme. They can affect the bacterial membrane system and destroy it. Antibacterial polymers are such that they can behave similarly to antibacterial peptides, which are used by the immune system to kill and combat bacteria.In fact, they can improve the efficacy and selectivity of applied antimicrobial agents, while reducing the associated environmental risks, because they are non-volatile and inert, and chemically stable. Therefore, they are a great option for use in the medical industry as coatings and overlays to prevent bacterial contamination. It should be noted that antibacterial coatings and composites, in addition to reducing bacterial infections, prevent the growth and proliferation of bacteria and the formation of biofilms by them, and cause bacterial death by changing the structure of the bacterial membrane. Therefore, it is necessary to use an effective and low-cost solution with continuous and continuous use to prevent and rapidly spread bacteria in various environments, including hospitals and clinics. Unfortunately, currently, some common antibacterial coatings are not made of suitable materials and compositions; so that after a long period of use, they lose their efficiency and effectiveness.Also, most coatings do not have flexibility, elasticity, and resistance to temperature changes; and their lack of quality causes a decrease in their antibacterial performance. Therefore, by using effective and efficient building materials in the manufacture of composite coatings, the antibacterial process can be accelerated by them in various fields of the medical industry, coatings, and veneers. Currently, composite coatings are used with various compounds and building materials; but problems such as poor adhesion to surfaces, low resistance to water vapor penetration, uneven distribution, and many other problems have caused their inefficiency; and in most cases, they are not accompanied by successful results. In addition, these common methods for preparing composite coatings that are carried out today are not economical; so that in many of these methods, excessive costs are incurred with a heavy method.Therefore, considering bacterial infections in many centers and organs and the great need to use effective methods and compounds, it is necessary to develop composite coatings with advanced domestic antibacterial properties with independent intellectual property rights. And it is necessary to use an effective, efficient, low-cost solution with continuous and continuous use to prevent the growth of bacteria at different levels. Therefore, various research groups have designed antibacterial composite coatings to develop advanced antibacterial materials, including biomaterials, nanoparticles and natural polymers of appropriate quality, which are safe, efficient and effective, and implement a low-cost method to prevent the spread of bacterial infections.However, these compositions and implementation methods have always had problems, some of which are mentioned below, and in addition, none of the designs made in their antibacterial composite coating combination of water-based polyurethane modified with antibacterial materials along with layered double hydroxide (LDH) modified with antibacterial material for sustained controlled release, in addition to antimicrobial copolymer with properties of strength, elasticity, flexibility and resistance to thermal changes along with stability against microorganisms have used. It should be noted that so far, no sample in the form of an article and invention with specifications and similarities with the elements of the present invention has been made, or it has remained at the level of an idea and is now presented in this design for the first time, and it also has the ability to be produced and supplied in a cost-effective and efficient manner.Among the limitations of the materials used and types of previous medical adhesives in this field are the following: low resistance to high temperatures, poor adhesion to surfaces, poor dispersion properties, loss of antibacterial properties in a short period of time, and many others; and that the commonly used composite coatings are not made in three phases with different compositions in three different layers. The following is a review of articles and inventions in which some of the components used in this invention have also been used in other proportions and methods. A) Mohammad Mehdi Saadatmand, Mohammad Esmaeil Yazdanshenas, Saeed Rezaei Zarchi and other colleagues presented the antimicrobial properties of chitosan-TiO2 nanocomposite and its application on hospital sterile gas in 2012. In this study, chitosan-TiO2 nanocomposite was formed by combining chitosan at a concentration of 4 mg / ml and titanium dioxide at a concentration of 2%; and in the end, it was observed that this nanocomposite prevented the growth of bacteria by nearly 100%, and no bacteria grew in the presence of this material. This chitosan-TiO2 nanocomposite in the culture medium and on the gas can be useful for controlling pathogenic bacteria. This study was one of the published articles that showed the chemical structure, properties and characteristics of chitosan and titanium dioxide in reducing and eliminating bacteria; its results, application and working method are very different from the present invention (Mohammad Mehdi Saadatmand et al.; 2012). b) Saeideh Ebrahimi Asl and Amir Zarei reported in 2015 the synthesis and characterization of antimicrobial silver / chitosan nanobiocomposite for use in food packaging by chemical method. In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical method within biodegradable chitosan biopolymer substrate to reduce moisture absorption and increase its antimicrobial properties for use in food packaging. Silver nitrate, sodium borohydride and chitosan were used as silver precursor, chemical reducing agent and polymer matrix, respectively. And the microbial results obtained in this study showed that silver nanoparticles in chitosan solution have high antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria. This study was one of the published articles that dealt with the effects of using antimicrobial silver and chitosan nanobiocomposite; the results, materials, working methods and application of this published article are very different from the present invention (Saeideh Ebrahimi Asl; 2015). In the present invention, the ingredients of water-based polyurethane modified with chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol, layered double hydroxide (LDH) modified with an antibacterial agent for controlled and sustained release, along with an antimicrobial polypropylene-ethylene copolymer, have been used to make an antibacterial nanocomposite coating; there are several studies that prove that the ingredients of this antibacterial nanocomposite coating can be used as a strong antibacterial agent in reducing bacterial infections, growth and proliferation of bacterial colonies, and killing bacteria in the medical industry, coatings and coatings as a new antibacterial approach and are useful. Below are some examples of inventions that have used antibacterial nanocomposite coatings, and their differences from the present invention are explained. The registered inventions in this field are as follows: - Patent No. 139250140003004526, registered in 2013 by inventors Maryam Sahrarou, Abbas Yari, and Hamid Yeganeh-Olad Adam, relates to the preparation and identification of antibacterial poly(epoxy-urethane) wound dressings containing quaternary ammonium salts with epoxy functionality. In this invention, polyurethanes with special properties such as biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and suitable quaternary and biocompatible compounds are used to prepare thermosetting polymer films for wound dressing applications. Polyurethane prepolymers ending in epoxy groups and quaternary ammonium compounds with epoxy functionality were cured in amine using 1 and 4-butane. Investigation of water absorption properties, water vapor permeability, mechanical strength in dry and hydrated states, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial properties confirm the use of the aforementioned films as antibacterial absorbent wound dressings. The base materials for making my antibacterial nanocomposite coating are completely different from this invention in terms of material type, material structure and function, as well as the manufacturing process and application process. - In the patent number 139250140003004523, which was registered in 2013 by the inventors Maryam Sahrarou and Hamid Yeganeh, descendants of Adam, it is related to the preparation and identification of antibacterial absorbent polyurethane wound dressings containing guanidinium hydrochloride groups; in this invention, polyurethane prepolymers terminated with epoxy groups were cured using amine groups in a guanidinium curing agent and thermosetting films were produced. The investigation of water absorption properties, water vapor permeability, mechanical strength in dry and hydrated states, biocompatibility and antimicrobial properties confirms the use of the films produced in this invention as antibacterial absorbent wound dressings. The materials used to make my antibacterial nanocomposite coating are completely different from this invention in terms of material type, material structure and function, as well as the manufacturing process and application process. - The present invention does not correspond to the above-mentioned items registered on the patent registration site and the scientific article search site in Iran and abroad in terms of the type of source used, the type of material, the structure and function of the material, and the manufacturing process; the patents registered abroad have been different in the elements used in the antibacterial nanocomposite coating, as well as in the amounts and methods of manufacture, and in none of the above inventions has a three-layer nanocomposite coating of different compositions (the first layer is based on modified water-based polyurethane; the second layer is based on modified double layer hydroxide; and the third layer is an antimicrobial copolymer). The elements used, the amounts, and the manufacturing method of the aforementioned inventions are different from the present invention. Providing a solution to an existing technical problem along with an accurate, sufficient, and integrated description of the invention According to various scientific reports, water-based polyurethanes are used in the medical, coating and textile industries due to their characteristics such as biocompatibility, non-toxicity, cost-effectiveness, and unique properties such as adhesion to various surfaces, good film properties, resistance to chemicals, solvents and water, abrasion resistance, high tensile strength, desirable flexibility, high resistance to water vapor penetration, and environmental advantages. Antibacterial polyurethane coatings can be used to prevent bacterial growth on various surfaces and also to limit the spread of bacterial infections in many hospital textiles and equipment, health products, etc. The preparation of antibacterial water-based polyurethanes is carried out using various strategies such as adding nanostructures, blending with antibacterial polymers, drug loading, using antibacterial monomers, and modifying the polymer surface; In this idea, a polymer-modified water-based polyurethane based on chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is used for the first layer of the nanocomposite coating.Chitosan, as a natural amino polysaccharide, which has a unique structure and multidimensional properties and high performance, is widely used in medicine and industry. Among its prominent properties, we can mention high biocompatibility, acceptable biodegradability, non-toxicity, as well as antibacterial and anti-allergic properties. The property of chitosan can be modified physically or chemically to achieve different goals. Physical improvement of chitosan is achieved by blending, which involves the physical mixing of two or more polymers. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is one of the common hydrophilic polymers that is used in combination with chitosan for various applications. Chitosan is a hydrophilic polymer, but due to its high molecular weight and high intrinsic viscosity, it requires another hydrophilic polymer to reduce the viscosity of the solution; also, chitosan has polycationic properties in acidic environment, and in an electric field causes the dissociation of adjacent chains; so that it is not possible to electrospinning it alone.Polyvinyl alcohol is placed as a component between the chitosan chains, and prevents the repulsion of the same-name charges and the dissociation of the chitosan chains. This combination increases the electrospinning ability of chitosan, and due to the good biocompatibility of polyvinyl alcohol, it does not create an obstacle in the antibacterial application of chitosan. For the purpose of biocompatibility, a hydrophilic polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is mainly used in the form of a mixture with this natural polymer; This leads to an increase in the biocompatibility of the polymer network of the nanocomposite; In this case, the adhesion of bacteria to the surface of the nanocomposite increases, so that their growth is prevented. Layered double hydroxide (LDH) are compounds containing hydroxides of two types of metals, which have reactive interlayer components; and today they have found various applications in industry; Among the applications of LDH is their use for the manufacture of coatings with antimicrobial properties. They can regenerate and directly absorb various toxic and polluting substances from the environment through anion exchange.Since the methods for producing LDH are simple and inexpensive, and are easily prepared in industry; their use in the preparation of antibacterial nanocomposites has received special attention; therefore, in this proposed idea, layered double hydroxide (LDH) modified with the antibacterial agent cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (cetolone) is used; which is an antibacterial coating and antimicrobial agent as well as an effective controlled release in eliminating bacterial infections. So that the second layer of the nanocomposite prepared in this idea acts as a protector to prevent bacterial growth; which shows significant antibacterial properties against a wide range of bacteria. Copolymerization involves the polymerization of two different monomers simultaneously with the aim of combining both structures in the polymer chain. This significantly increases the range and diversity of properties of copolymer molecules. It also integrates the desirable properties of the participating monomers into the polymer unit.One of the methods for synthesizing copolymers is through the addition polymerization reaction (chain growth). To synthesize a copolymer, different monomers must be polymerized simultaneously. The composition of chain growth copolymers depends on the concentration and reactivity of the monomers in the composition. The sequence of copolymers can have a significant impact on the macroscopic behavior of the synthesized polymers, more than a single type of monomer. Copolymers include different types according to the arrangement of the monomers; based on the type of idea proposed in this invention, an antimicrobial copolymer based on polypropylene-ethylene (PP-R) is used for the third layer of the manufactured nanocomposite coating. The next important step is to use these effective and useful materials as biocompatible and biodegradable materials to make antibacterial nanocomposite coatings, as in many cases, the use of existing materials and methods is not effective enough and is not cost-effective for many different reasons. Therefore, in this project, using the manufacturing and application process, an attempt has been made to prepare and present these effective and useful materials (water-based polyurethane modified with chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol for the first layer; double layer hydroxide modified with antibacterial agent cetyltrimethylammonium bromide for the second layer; and antimicrobial polypropylene-ethylene copolymer for the third layer) in the form of antibacterial nanocomposite coatings. Antibacterial nanocomposite systems are more effective than antibacterial nanoagents, especially due to their higher surface area to volume ratio, as well as improved surface activity (reactivity). On the other hand, this property makes them more effective in inactivating microorganisms than their micro- and macro-scale counterparts. In addition, nanocomposite systems have excellent mechanical, optical, thermal, inhibitory and biodegradable properties compared to conventional composite systems. Antibacterial nanocomposites in the medical industry, coatings and coatings are able to reduce, combat and eliminate (eliminate) pathogenic microbes, fungi and molds. Various antibacterial nanocomposites have been developed by adding antibacterial materials into polymer matrices for application in various coating systems.Antibacterial nanocomposites provide properties such as high mechanical strength, low weight, improved barrier properties against liquids and gases, preventing the penetration of oxygen and moisture, and preventing contamination of coatings, coatings, and textiles. These compounds have greater potential and stability in the medical, coating, and coating industries to maintain antimicrobial activity. Nanocomposites can be produced with different types of polymers; so that the use of polymers with antibacterial properties increases the antibacterial properties of nanocomposites. The use of antibacterial nanocomposites reduces the permeability of microbes to a very small extent. Nanocomposites modified with antibacterial materials and efficient polymers, due to their high quality, can be used in many areas, including the medical industry and hospitals, which are highly exposed to microbial contamination.Nanocomposites with strong antibacterial properties of various antibacterial materials can play an effective role in controlling pollution and infection at different levels, and their use is considered one of the important methods for controlling physicochemical and microbial changes in various industries; so that this technology can play an important role in reducing pollution and creating safety. There are various methods for making various types of drug-delivery nanocomposites, the selection of the appropriate method, the type of constituent materials, size distribution, coating integrity and controlled release affect the quality of the nanocomposite coating; which requires attention to the type of efficiency and the type of materials used to make the desired antibacterial nanocomposites. Due to the widespread and increasing use of antibacterial nanocomposite coatings in various fields, the objectives pursued in this invention are explained. In making the nanocomposite coating in this idea, three antibacterial phases with different compositions are used, which ultimately create a three-layer coating.In its first layer, water-based polyurethane modified with chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol is used to create antibacterial activity to improve dispersion properties, desired stability, integrity, and resistance; Chitosan has antibacterial activity, and polyvinyl alcohol is used to increase biocompatibility. By modifying the chitosan surface with polyvinyl alcohol in this nanocomposite layer, the biocompatibility and limitation of chitosan are improved; in this case, desirable adhesion to surfaces, high long-term stability, non-toxicity, flexibility, etc. are among the desirable characteristics of the first layer made of this nanocomposite coating.In the construction of the second layer of the nanocomposite coating made in this design, layered double hydroxide (LDH) modified with an antibacterial agent is used to inhibit bacterial growth; so that the adsorption and adhesion of bacteria to the nanocomposite coating is reduced through the modified LDH surface; and the formation of biofilm by bacteria in the nanocomposite coating is delayed, in which case, this second layer is able to prevent biofilm contamination by bacteria and also kill bacteria in this manufactured coating. In fact, the use of modified layered double hydroxide in this layer is for the stable and continuous controlled release of the antibacterial compound, which creates an effective antibacterial property. In the third layer of this nanocomposite coating made of an antimicrobial polypropylene-ethylene copolymer, is used; so that through this copolymer in the third layer, acceptable elasticity and softness are created in the coating along with stability against microorganisms.This copolymer makes the nanocomposite coating made against chemicals, resistant to high temperatures, and maintaining shape and flexibility against temperature, humidity, and impact changes, have desirable properties. Bacteria are the cause of many infectious diseases; and textiles can provide a good environment for the growth of microorganisms; especially when they are in the right humidity and temperature and in contact with the human body; therefore, the most important goal is to protect textiles from being affected by microbes. Therefore, the idea used in this invention is a new nanocomposite coating with strong antibacterial properties, which can be used in various fields of the medical industry, coatings, and coatings. Therefore, given the increase in external destructive damage to people, and the great need to use effective methods, and the development of advanced domestic antibacterial products, including biomaterials, and natural polymers of appropriate quality, which are safe, efficient, and effective, and implement a low-cost method, it is inevitable. Manufacturing method: Part One: First Layer of Nanocomposite Coating Synthesis of water-based polyurethane (WPU) To prepare the first layer of the antibacterial nanocomposite coating, the method of interwoven polymer networks is used; in this way, before synthesis, polycaprolactone (soft chain part); dimethylol propanoic acid (DMPA internal dispersant part) and chitosan are dried in a vacuum oven for 12 hours. To synthesize the first layer of the nanocomposite coating, which is the preparation of water-based polyurethane (WPU); a 250 ml round-bottom reactor with 4 openings equipped with a mechanical stirrer, thermometer, condenser and nitrogen gas inlet is used. First, dried polycaprolactone with a molecular weight of 2000 gr / mol and a value of 6.31 at a temperature of 80 ° C in a molten state enters the reactor; Then, 2.5 grams of dried chitosan is poured separately into a 250 ml double-necked flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer and nitrogen inlet, in the smallest possible amount of its specific acidic solvent; and then mixed using a mechanical stirrer for 12 hours; then subjected to ultrasound waves for half an hour. In the next step, this compound is added to the molten polycaprolactone at 80°C in a 4-neck reactor; and then mixed again for 1.5 hours under ultrasonic waves, and for 1.5 hours under a high-speed homogenizer. At the same time, a solution of water and 3% by weight polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and 12.6 g triethanolamine (TEAQ) are mixed at room temperature for 4 hours. Then, polycaprolactone together with 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (H12MDI hard chain segment) in an amount of 16.54 g and dimethylol propanoic acid (DMPA internal dispersant) in an amount of 2.24 g is dissolved and reacted in a dry dimethylformamide solvent (DMF in an amount of 0.24 g) in a 4-neck reactor at 80°C under mechanical stirring for 4 hours; To prepare a prepolymer terminated with diisocyanate end groups.Then, about 30% of the diisocyanate end groups are reacted with a type 2 alcohol called 2-butanol for dilution; and the end capping process is performed; then, 1.65 grams of triethylamine (TEA neutralizing agent) is added for neutralization, and it is stirred at a temperature of 40°C for one hour; so that after the relevant time period, neutralization is performed. In the next step, 30% by weight of the total dispersion of the monomer composition N-methyldiethanolamine and 0.03% by weight of the initiator potassium persulfate (KPS) are added to the system. After ten minutes, the temperature is reduced to 25°C; and the reaction mixture is stirred with a mechanical stirrer at a speed of 800 rpm (revolutions per minute); and 400 ml of double-distilled water is slowly added to the system with a dropping funnel over 30 minutes; Ethylenediamine (EDA) is dissolved in water in an amount of 0.24 g, and added to the urethane prepolymer; after the end of this step, the temperature is slowly increased to about 65 ° C; and with the activation of the initiator (KPS) and the start of exothermic chain polymerization, the temperature is increased to about 80 ° C; so that the reaction lasts 3 to 5 hours, until the level of free N-methyldiethanolamine monomer reaches less than 1000 ppm. Then the samples are poured into a Teflon mold; and after two days of drying in the open air, and two hours of drying in a vacuum oven, transparent films are prepared from this aqueous dispersion. Part Two: Second Layer of Nanocomposite Coating Layered Double Hydroxide Synthesis To prepare the second layer of antibacterial nanocomposite coating, 10 ml of an aqueous solution of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide salt containing 0.001 mol of ammonium bromide cation is prepared; then 40 ml of a 15 M sodium hydroxide solution is prepared; and then under vigorous stirring conditions, along with the use of 200 W ultrasound waves, the prepared aqueous solution of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide salt is added to the sodium hydroxide solution at a speed of less than 5 seconds. After that, a white jelly mixture containing LDH (layered double hydroxide) nuclei is formed; which is vigorously stirred for another 20 minutes under an inert gas. Then, through three stages of centrifugation and washing with hot deionized water (at a temperature of 60 ° C), the excess unreacted ions are removed from the environment. Finally, the resulting white gel is dispersed in 40 ml of deionized, degassed water and reacted in a 50 ml stainless steel pressure vessel with a curved inner wall for 16 hours at 100°C.After cooling down, a semi-transparent and stable white suspension containing unfolded LDH-cetolone sheets is obtained; it is completely stable under inert gas, without forming any precipitate or sedimentation, for up to two months. To prepare the LDH-cetolone paste, anhydrous ethanol, anhydrous alpha-terpeneol, and pure ethyl cellulose are used; so that the suspension solution obtained in the previous stage, using three stages of centrifugation and successive washing with anhydrous ethanol, enters the paste stage; and anhydrous alpha-terpeneol and pure ethyl cellulose are added to it; so that the final paste contains 18% LDH-cetolone; 9% ethyl cellulose, and 73% alpha-terpeneol. Part Three: Third Layer of Nanocomposite Coating Use of antimicrobial polypropylene-ethylene copolymer (random PP-R) To prepare the third layer of the antibacterial nanocomposite coating, the polymerization method of propylene and ethane is used; the ethylene monomer is randomly distributed along the propylene chain by heating and pressure; so that the random addition of ethylene causes the crystallization and melting point of the polymer to decrease; in this case, random copolymer polypropylene is produced by copolymerizing propylene monomer and a small amount of ethylene monomer (1-4%); which is mixed into the first and second layers of the nanocomposite coating as a film layer; and finally, the antibacterial nanocomposite coating is made with a three-layer structure of different compounds that are effective in removing bacteria. Evaluation of the analyses of antibacterial nanocomposite coating made of three layers of water-based polyurethane / double hydroxide layer reinforced with antimicrobial copolymer with the ability to prevent bacterial growth for consumption: Once the manufactured antibacterial nanocomposite coating has been confirmed by microscopic analysis, it enters the implementation phase for use as a three-layer nanocomposite coating to prevent bacterial growth.  Checking the scratch resistance of the nanocomposite: To check the resistance of the polymer film, first a 43% by weight solution of the nanocomposite sample is prepared in acetone; then it is sprayed onto a glass surface with dimensions of 20 × 10 cm using a spray gun. The sample is placed at ambient temperature for four days and in a vacuum incubator for 8 hours. The nanocomposite coated on the glass is placed in a scratch test device; and by applying a defined gradual force, the threshold force for creating a scratch is determined by the needle of the device on the nanocomposite.  Investigating the effect of the degree of neutralization and the amount of ionic groups on the properties of the prepared polyurethane aqueous dispersion: Changing the degree of neutralization is done by changing the amount of TEA moles relative to DMPA moles, and its effect on the viscosity of the dispersions is measured with a viscometer. As the degree of neutralization increases, the viscosity of the dispersion increases, and the size of the dispersion particles decreases.  Rheology investigation: Rheology calculations are performed with a rheometer in a neutral nitrogen gas atmosphere at 25°C to prevent oxidative degradation and side effects. A rheometer with parallel plates, a gap size of 700 mm and a diameter of 40 mm is used. The samples are moved very slowly and carefully so that no bubbles are created. Dynamic frequency sweep measurements are performed at a strain of 1% with a shear rate of 0.1–100 rad / s. Steady shear tests are performed at a shear rate of 10–102 rad / s. A strain value of 0.5% is used in all tests to place the material response in the linear viscoelastic region.  Investigation of the antimicrobial effect of nanocomposite: The antimicrobial effect of the nanocomposite made at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 4, and 8 mg / ml in solid culture medium is investigated. Investigation of the effect of nanocomposite in solid culture medium: In solid culture medium, nanocomposite is separately placed in contact with different bacteria; and it is observed by visual inspection that this nanocomposite has prevented bacterial growth; the white circles indicate that no trace of bacterial growth is seen where the nanocomposite is present.  IR spectrum test: IR spectra for each layer prepared to make antibacterial nanocomposite are obtained by IR-470 spectrophotometer. These graphs show that new bonds are established between the compounds of each layer; and the materials constituting each layer are combined together; to form the corresponding layer. Mechanical strength test: To perform this test, the samples with the measured thickness are cut into rectangles with dimensions of 2 cm × 8 cm. The obtained strip is fixed in the two jaws of the tensile machine. The force gauge of the machine is selected as 5 N. The jaws are separated from each other at a speed of 1 mm / min. This test is performed at ambient temperature. The output of the machine is a force-displacement graph, which must be converted into a stress-strain graph. The dosage of the product's specified composition is as follows: • The volume of the antibacterial nanocomposite coating is obtained based on the materials used in each layer of the coating, which are in different amounts. How to use: The final product for commercial use is presented in the form of an antibacterial nanocomposite coating in special packaging for supply to the domestic and export markets. Properties of the materials used: Chitosan: Chitosan is a linear, non-crystalline polysaccharide obtained from the alkaline deacetylation of chitin. Chitin is the most abundant biodegradable polymer in nature after cellulose. Among the outstanding properties of chitosan are biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity. It can also be said that chitosan is a strong and permeable film that has antimicrobial and antioxidant effects; it has been introduced as a valuable material in medical applications. The antibacterial activity of chitosan against bacteria and fungi has been proven, and its effect in reducing biofilm formation by bacteria has been shown. Chitosan is one of the best materials with barrier properties and a coating film to protect against bacterial infections, which is mainly due to its degradability and antimicrobial properties. Therefore, the use of chitosan, considering the aforementioned properties, has made it an ideal choice in the manufacture of antibacterial nanocomposite coatings, and a very valuable material for the medical industry, polymers, and coatings. Polyvinyl alcohol: Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a water-soluble polyhydroxy. Its non-toxicity, biodegradability, ability to produce films with suitable mechanical properties, high ductility, hydrophilicity, and significant mechanical strength have made it a widely used synthetic polymer in the field of biotechnology. This polymer is also widely used in the adhesive industry in combination with other bulking agents to increase adhesion and water resistance. Chitosan is a hydrophilic polymer, but due to its high molecular weight and high intrinsic viscosity, it requires another hydrophilic polymer to reduce the viscosity of the solution. Chitosan also has polycationic properties in acidic environments, and in an electric field causes the dissociation of adjacent chains, so that it is not possible to electrospinning it alone; polyvinyl alcohol is placed as a component between the chitosan chains, and prevents the repulsion of like charges and the dissociation of chitosan chains.This combination increases the electrospinning ability of chitosan, and due to the good biocompatibility of polyvinyl alcohol, it does not create an obstacle in the medical application of chitosan. For the purpose of electrospinning ability, hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) are mainly used in the form of a mixture with this natural polymer; this leads to an increase in the hydrophilicity of the nanofibrous network. Therefore, the use of polyvinyl alcohol, considering the aforementioned characteristics, has made it an ideal choice in the manufacture of antibacterial nanocomposite coatings, and a very valuable material for the medical industry, polymers and coatings. Polyvinyl alcohol has adhesive, mechanical properties, resistance to chemicals, good ability to form a polymer matrix, and is chemically neutral in its structure; this synthetic polymer is added to chitosan as an effective polymer material to increase the properties and performance of chitosan in the preparation of chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposites in order to make the first layer of antibacterial nanocomposite coatings.So that the mechanical properties and appropriate coating give the prepared nanocomposite its performance; which is suitable for use in the first layer of the manufactured antibacterial nanocomposite coating. Polyurethane: Polyurethane parts are actually copolymers of three different monomers: a hard part derived from a diisocyanate; an extender chain; and a soft part, usually a polyol. Essentially, the soft part is responsible for flexibility; while the hard part contributes to strength. The choice of the three monomers can produce materials with different mechanical properties, and this has made polyurethane an interesting biomaterial. In addition, its high elasticity, good mechanical properties, and acceptable biocompatibility have made polyurethane a material with suitable performance for the manufacture of nanocomposite coatings. The chemical and physical properties of polyurethanes can be controlled by choosing different monomers from a variety of diisocyanates, polyols, and chain extenders. Due to their flexibility, high strength and toughness, and favorable abrasion and chemical resistance, polyurethanes can be used as fibers, elastomers, coatings, sealants, adhesives, and sponges in various industries.Therefore, the use of polyurethanes, given the aforementioned characteristics, has made it an ideal choice in the manufacture of antibacterial nanocomposite coatings, and a very valuable material for the medical industry, polymers, and coatings; so that it is used to manufacture the first layer of antibacterial nanocomposite coatings. Polycaprolactan: Polycaprolactan is a bioactive and non-toxic polymer; it has high elastic behavior, and is considered a suitable candidate for the manufacture of nanocomposites. In addition to the above, the hydrophobic nature and high crystallinity of polycaprolactan scaffolds allow for a longer degradation time, and also provide favorable mechanical support for nanocomposite coatings. The long degradation time and biocompatibility of polycaprolactan have made it a suitable place for use in the medical industry; to use polycaprolactan as the main material in the manufacture of nanocomposite coatings, its performance in terms of strength, mechanical strength and penetration power must be improved, because its lack of mechanical strength is considered a limitation in this field.Therefore, the use of polycaprolactone, due to the aforementioned characteristics, has made it an ideal choice in the manufacture of antibacterial nanocomposite coatings, and a very valuable material for the medical industry, polymers, and coatings; so that it is used to manufacture the first layer of antibacterial nanocomposite coatings. Layered double hydroxide: Known as nanostructures with positively charged layers and interlayer anions.The unique features of LDHs include non-toxicity, cheapness, good biocompatibility, desirable thermal, mechanical and antibacterial properties, large contact surface and high interlayer anion exchange capacity; they are compounds containing hydroxides of two types of metals; which have reactive interlayer components, and today have found various applications in industry; including their use for making coatings with antimicrobial properties; they can regenerate and directly absorb various toxic and polluting substances from the environment through anion exchange; since the methods of producing LDH are simple and cheap, and are easily prepared in the industry; their use in preparing antibacterial nanocomposites has received special attention; therefore, it is an ideal choice in making antibacterial nanocomposite coatings, and a very valuable material for the medical industry, polymers and coatings; so that it is used to make the second layer of antibacterial nanocomposite coatings. Antimicrobial Copolymer: Copolymers are a class of polymers, composed of two or more different types of monomers, that offer a wide range of properties and applications; Copolymers have found special applications due to their exceptional properties and distinct structure compared to polymers; These materials are formed through the polymerization of multiple monomers in different configurations; which consequently bring with them a wide range of unique properties. Through the strategic selection and combination of different monomers, copolymers can be designed to meet specific purposes, making them highly desirable materials in various industries. One method of synthesizing copolymers is through the addition polymerization reaction (chain-growth). To synthesize a copolymer, different monomers must be polymerized simultaneously. The composition of chain-growth copolymers depends on the concentration and reactivity of the monomers in the composition. The sequence of copolymers can have a significant impact on the macroscopic behavior of the synthesized polymers, more than a single type of monomer.Copolymers include different types depending on the arrangement of monomers; based on the idea proposed in this invention, a type of antimicrobial copolymer based on polypropylene-ethylene (PP-R) is used for the third layer of the manufactured nanocomposite coating. Explanation of shapes, maps and diagrams Figure 1): This figure shows scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of a film made from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan at two different magnifications in the invention; so that in images (a) and (b) the effective incorporation of chitosan into polyvinyl alcohol is evident. Figure 2): This figure shows a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of the nanocomposite prepared in the invention; so that the lack of aggregation can be attributed to the type of constituent materials used in preparing the nanocomposite in the invention. Figure 3): This figure shows a general picture of the structure of the layered double hydroxide (LDH) in the invention. Figure 4): This figure shows a schematic diagram of the method for preparing the nanocomposite in the invention. Figure 5): This figure shows the antibacterial behavior of the water-based polyurethane film against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in the invention. Figure 6): This figure shows a diagram of the effect of chitosan on bacteria in solid culture medium in the invention. Figure 7): This figure shows the IR spectrum diagram for the nanocomposite of the invention. A clear and precise statement of the advantages of the claimed invention over prior inventions. 1. Eco-friendly, non-toxic and cost-effective. 2. High adhesion strength to various surfaces. 3. Resistance to chemicals, solvents and water. 4. Resistance to abrasion. 5. High tensile strength and optimal flexibility. 6. High resistance to water vapor penetration. 7. Strong antibacterial properties on a wide range of bacteria and fungi. 8. High strength and heat resistance. 9. Desirable integrity and stability. 10. Controlled release of antibacterial substances from nanocomposite coating over a long period of time. Description of at least one implementation method for implementing the invention To prepare the first layer of the antibacterial nanocomposite coating, the method of interwoven polymer networks is used; in this way, before synthesis, polycaprolactone (soft chain part); dimethylol propanoic acid (DMPA internal dispersant part) and chitosan are dried in a vacuum oven for 12 hours. To synthesize the first layer of the nanocomposite coating, which is the preparation of water-based polyurethane (WPU); a 250 ml round-bottom reactor with 4 openings equipped with a mechanical stirrer, thermometer, condenser and nitrogen gas inlet is used. First, dried polycaprolactone with a molecular weight of 2000 gr / mol and a value of 6.31 at a temperature of 80 ° C in a molten state enters the reactor; Then, 2.5 grams of dried chitosan is poured separately into a 250 ml double-necked flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer and nitrogen inlet, in the smallest possible amount of its specific acidic solvent; and then mixed using a mechanical stirrer for 12 hours; then subjected to ultrasound waves for half an hour. In the next step, this compound is added to the molten polycaprolactone at 80°C in a 4-neck reactor; and then mixed again for 1.5 hours under ultrasonic waves, and for 1.5 hours under a high-speed homogenizer. At the same time, a solution of water and 3% by weight polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and 12.6 g triethanolamine (TEAQ) are mixed at room temperature for 4 hours. Then, polycaprolactone together with 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (H12MDI hard chain segment) in an amount of 16.54 g and dimethylol propanoic acid (DMPA internal dispersant) in an amount of 2.24 g is dissolved and reacted in a dry dimethylformamide solvent (DMF in an amount of 0.24 g) in a 4-neck reactor at 80°C under mechanical stirring for 4 hours; To prepare a prepolymer terminated with diisocyanate end groups.Then, about 30% of the diisocyanate end groups are reacted with a type 2 alcohol called 2-butanol for dilution; and the end capping process is performed; then, 1.65 grams of triethylamine (TEA neutralizing agent) is added for neutralization, and it is stirred at a temperature of 40°C for one hour; so that after the relevant time period, neutralization is performed. In the next step, 30% by weight of the total dispersion of the monomer composition N-methyldiethanolamine and 0.03% by weight of the initiator potassium persulfate (KPS) are added to the system. After ten minutes, the temperature is reduced to 25°C; and the reaction mixture is stirred with a mechanical stirrer at a speed of 800 rpm (revolutions per minute); and 400 ml of double-distilled water is slowly added to the system with a dropping funnel over 30 minutes; Ethylenediamine (EDA) is dissolved in water in an amount of 0.24 g, and added to the urethane prepolymer; after the end of this step, the temperature is slowly increased to about 65 ° C; and with the activation of the initiator (KPS) and the start of exothermic chain polymerization, the temperature is increased to about 80 ° C; so that the reaction lasts 3 to 5 hours, until the level of free N-methyldiethanolamine monomer reaches less than 1000 ppm. Then the samples are poured into a Teflon mold; and after two days of drying in the open air, and two hours of drying in a vacuum oven, transparent films are prepared from this aqueous dispersion. To prepare the second layer of antibacterial nanocomposite coating, 10 ml of an aqueous solution of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide salt containing 0.001 mol of ammonium bromide cation is prepared; then 40 ml of a 15 M sodium hydroxide solution is prepared; and then under vigorous stirring conditions, along with the use of 200 W ultrasound waves, the prepared aqueous solution of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide salt is added to the sodium hydroxide solution at a speed of less than 5 seconds. After that, a white jelly mixture containing LDH (layered double hydroxide) nuclei is formed; which is vigorously stirred for another 20 minutes under an inert gas. Then, through three stages of centrifugation and washing with hot deionized water (at a temperature of 60 ° C), the excess unreacted ions are removed from the environment. Finally, the resulting white gel is dispersed in 40 ml of deionized, degassed water and reacted in a 50 ml stainless steel pressure vessel with a curved inner wall for 16 hours at 100°C.After cooling down, a semi-transparent and stable white suspension containing unfolded LDH-cetavolone sheets is obtained; it is completely stable under inert gas, without forming any precipitate or sedimentation, for up to two months. To prepare the LDH-cetolone paste, anhydrous ethanol, anhydrous alpha-terpeneol, and pure ethyl cellulose are used; so that the suspension solution obtained in the previous stage, using three stages of centrifugation and successive washing with anhydrous ethanol, enters the paste stage; and anhydrous alpha-terpeneol and pure ethyl cellulose are added to it; so that the final paste contains 18% LDH-cetolone; 9% ethyl cellulose, and 73% alpha-terpeneol. To prepare the third layer of the antibacterial nanocomposite coating, the polymerization method of propylene and ethane is used; the ethylene monomer is randomly distributed along the propylene chain by heating and pressure; so that the random addition of ethylene causes the crystallization and melting point of the polymer to decrease; in this case, random copolymer polypropylene is produced by copolymerizing propylene monomer and a small amount of ethylene monomer (1-4%); which is mixed into the first and second layers of the nanocomposite coating as a film layer; and finally, the antibacterial nanocomposite coating is made with a three-layer structure of different compounds that are effective in removing bacteria. Explicit mention of the industrial application of the invention Advanced materials industries play an important role not only in the development of nanomaterials, but also in their use in various applications. One area where nanotechnology has entered is the production of antibacterial nanocomposite coatings; nanotechnology has been used in these types of coatings to improve antibacterial efficiency, reduce thickness, and also weight. All major companies producing antibacterial coatings spend a lot of capital in their research and development to increase antibacterial efficiency in return for reducing the thickness of these coatings. Although various formulas have been presented for these antibacterial coatings, none of them have been able to meet all the needs in a single formulation; therefore, in this idea, a new formulation is used to prepare antibacterial nanocomposite coatings, which can meet all the needs and eliminate them.The main advantages of using these nanocomposite coatings are high antibacterial efficiency and the possibility of using them in the medical industry, coatings and veneers. Bacterial infections are still known as one of the most important causes of human mortality. The growing concerns about the emergence of bacteria resistant to drug treatments have led to the expansion of antibacterial coatings. For this reason, new nanocomposite coatings are of interest in order to create stable and effective antibacterial properties; and considering that Iran is an economically growing country, the demand for the use of antibacterial coatings is expected to increase significantly in the coming years. Brief description of the invention The invention of "Making an antibacterial nanocomposite coating based on water-based polyurethane / layered double hydroxide reinforced with antimicrobial copolymer capable of preventing bacterial growth" relates to the field of medical industry, coatings and overlays; and also relates to the field of medical equipment for the production of antibacterial polymer nanocomposites that inhibit bacterial growth. This nanocomposite coating consists of three different layers with antibacterial properties, each layer performing a different function in destroying bacteria. In such a way that the first layer uses water-based polyurethane modified with chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol; in the second layer, layered double hydroxide modified with the antibacterial agent cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (cetolone); and finally, in the third layer, an antimicrobial polypropylene-ethylene copolymer (PP-R) is used, and these three layers are mixed together; and form an antibacterial nanocomposite coating.

Claims

Claim What is claimed: Claim 1) What is claimed is the manufacture of an antibacterial nanocomposite coating based on water-based polyurethane / layered double hydroxide reinforced with an antimicrobial copolymer with the ability to prevent bacterial growth. Claim 2) According to claim number one, an antibacterial nanocomposite coating is made with active ingredients (polycaprolactone, 4 and 4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (H12MDI), N-methyldiethanolamine, chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), dimethylol propanoic acid (DMPA), triethylamine (TEA), triethanolamine (TEAQ), dry dimethylformamide (DMF), alcohol type two - 2-butanol, potassium persulfate (KPS) and ethylenediamine (EDA); for making the first layer of the nanocomposite coating); (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (cetolone), sodium hydroxide, deionized water, anhydrous ethanol, anhydrous alpha-triphenol and pure ethyl cellulose; for making the second layer of the nanocomposite coating); And (polypropylene-ethylene copolymer (random PP-R for making the third layer of nanocomposite coating) with antibacterial properties in its structure. Claim 3) According to claim number two, the first layer of the antibacterial nanocomposite coating has waterborne polyurethane (WPU) for formulation as a coating modified with chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and N-methyldiethanolamine to provide antibacterial activity to improve dispersion properties, desired stability, integrity, and resistance of the polyurethane film surface. This layer (first layer) is for preparing an antibacterial coating based on waterborne polyurethane by modifying the polymer surface in its structure; Chitosan is modified with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and N-methyldiethanolamine to maintain its ability to adhere to the bacterial cell wall in both alkaline and acidic conditions, and to increase its biocompatibility, and is inserted into the main structure of the polyurethane chain, through which the antibacterial water-based polyurethane coating modified with chitosan-PVA along with N-methyldiethanolamine is able to establish hydrogen bonds with the bacterial membrane, and by binding to the bacterial membrane, it causes a change in the shape of its membrane, which ultimately causes the death of the bacteria. Claim 4) According to claim number two, the second layer of the antibacterial nanocomposite coating has a nanostructure of layered double hydroxide (LDH) - cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (cetolone) for controlled and sustained release of the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (cetolone) substance from the film surface of this layer (second layer), to inhibit the growth of bacteria in its structure; so that through the LDH surface, the absorption and adhesion of bacteria to the nanocomposite coating is reduced; and the formation of biofilm by bacteria in the nanocomposite coating is delayed; in which case this second layer is able to prevent biofilm contamination by bacteria and also kill bacteria in the manufactured nanocomposite coating. Claim 5) According to claim number two, the third layer of the antibacterial nanocomposite coating has a polypropylene-ethylene copolymer (random PP-R) to resist chemicals, resist high temperatures, and maintain the shape and flexibility of the manufactured nanocomposite coating against temperature, humidity, and impact changes, along with bacterial and microbial sensitivity in its structure; so that through the polypropylene-polyethylene copolymer used in the third layer of the manufactured nanocomposite coating, acceptable elasticity and softness along with stability against microorganisms are created in the coating; which in this case is coated as a film layer on the first and second layers. Claim 6) According to claim number two, the first layer of the nanocomposite coating is made of polycaprolactone with a molecular weight of (2000 g / mol) for the soft part of the chain; 4 and 4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (H12MDI) for the hard part of the chain; N-methyldiethanolamine, a quaternary ammonium salt, for the antibacterial monomer as a chain extender; dimethylolpropanoic acid (DMPA) for the internal chain dispersant; triethylamine (TEA) for the chain neutralizer; triethanolamine (TEAQ) for the internal cationic surfactant emulsifier; dry dimethylformamide (DMF) as a solvent; a type two alcohol called 2-butanol as a diluent; potassium persulfate (KPS) as an initiator; ethylenediamine (EDA) as a polymerization agent and chain extender; Chitosan is a linear biopolymer with antibacterial and antifungal activity; and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is used to increase the biocompatibility of the chitosan polymer; so that these materials form the first layer of the antibacterial nanocomposite coating. Claim 7) According to claim number two, the second layer of the nanocomposite coating is made with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (cetolone) as an antibacterial agent in polymer coatings; sodium hydroxide as a solution preparation for creating layered double hydroxide (LDH) nuclei; anhydrous ethanol as a washing solution for the obtained suspension; anhydrous alpha-triphenol as a material required for preparing the LDH-cetolone paste; and pure ethyl cellulose as a material required for preparing the LDH-cetolone paste; so that these materials form the second layer of the antibacterial nanocomposite coating. Claim 8) According to claim number six, to prepare the first layer of the antibacterial nanocomposite coating, the method of interwoven polymer networks is used; in such a way that, before synthesis, polycaprolactone (soft chain part); dimethylol propanoic acid (DMPA internal dispersant part) and chitosan are dried for 12 hours in a vacuum oven. To synthesize the first layer of the nanocomposite coating, which is the preparation of water-based polyurethane (WPU); a 250 ml round-bottom reactor with 4 openings equipped with a mechanical stirrer, thermometer, condenser and nitrogen gas inlet is used. First, dried polycaprolactone with a molecular weight of 2000 gr / mol and a value of 6.31 at a temperature of 80 ° C in a molten state enters the reactor; Then, 2.5 grams of dried chitosan is poured separately into a 250 ml double-necked flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer and nitrogen inlet, in the smallest possible amount of its specific acidic solvent; and then mixed using a mechanical stirrer for 12 hours; then subjected to ultrasound waves for half an hour. Claim 9) According to claim number eight, in the next step, this compound is added to the molten polycaprolactone at a temperature of 80 ° C in a 4-neck reactor; and then mixed again for 1.5 hours, under ultrasound waves, and 1.5 hours under a high-speed homogenizer. At the same time, a solution of water and 3% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and 12.6 g of triethanolamine (TEAQ) are mixed at room temperature for 4 hours. Then, polycaprolactone is dissolved and reacted with 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (H12MDI hard chain part) in an amount of 16.54 g and dimethylol propanoic acid (DMPA internal dispersant) in an amount of 2.24 g in dry dimethylformamide solvent (DMF in an amount of 0.24 g) in a 4-neck reactor at 80°C under mechanical stirring for 4 hours to prepare a prepolymer with diisocyanate end groups.Then, about 30% of the diisocyanate end groups are reacted with a type 2 alcohol called 2-butanol for dilution; and the end capping process is performed; then, 1.65 grams of triethylamine (TEA neutralizing agent) is added for neutralization, and it is stirred at a temperature of 40°C for one hour; so that after the relevant time period, neutralization is performed. Claim 10) According to claim number eight, in the next step, 30% by weight of the total dispersion of the monomer composition N-methyldiethanolamine and 0.03% by weight of the initiator potassium persulfate (KPS) are added to the system. After ten minutes, the temperature is reduced to 25 degrees Celsius; and the reaction mixture is stirred with a mechanical stirrer at a speed of 800 rpm (revolutions per minute); and with a dropping funnel, over 30 minutes, 400 ml of double-distilled water is slowly added to the system; Ethylenediamine (EDA) is dissolved in water in an amount of 0.24 g, and added to the urethane prepolymer; after the end of this stage, the temperature is slowly increased to about 65 ° C; and with the activation of the initiator (KPS) and the start of exothermic chain polymerization, the temperature is increased to about 80 ° C; so that the reaction lasts 3 to 5 hours, until the level of free N-methyldiethanolamine monomer reaches less than 1000 ppm.The samples are then poured into a Teflon mold; and after two days of drying in the open air, and two hours of drying in a vacuum oven, transparent films are prepared from this aqueous dispersion. Claim 11) According to claim number seven, to prepare the second layer of the antibacterial nanocomposite coating, 10 ml of an aqueous solution of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide salt containing 0.001 mol of ammonium bromide cation is prepared; then 40 ml of a 15 molar sodium hydroxide solution is prepared; and then under vigorous stirring conditions, along with the use of 200 W ultrasound waves, the prepared aqueous solution of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide salt is added to the sodium hydroxide solution at a speed of less than 5 seconds. After that, a white jelly mixture containing LDH (layered double hydroxide) nuclei is formed; which is stirred vigorously for another 20 minutes under inert gas. Then, through three stages of centrifugation and washing with hot deionized water (at a temperature of 60°C), the excess, unreacted ions are removed from the medium.Finally, the resulting white gel is dispersed in 40 ml of deionized, degassed water and reacted in a 50 ml stainless steel pressure vessel with a curved inner wall for 16 hours at 100°C. After the pressure vessel cools, a semi-transparent and stable white suspension containing unfolded LDH-cetavolone sheets is obtained; which is completely stable under inert gas, without forming any precipitate or sedimentation, for up to two months. Claim 12) According to claim number eleven, to prepare LDH-cetolone paste, anhydrous ethanol, anhydrous alpha-terpeneol, and pure ethyl cellulose are used; so that the suspension solution obtained in the previous step, using three stages of centrifugation and successive washing with anhydrous ethanol, enters the paste stage; and anhydrous alpha-terpeneol and pure ethyl cellulose are added to it; so that the final paste contains 18% LDH-cetolone; 9% ethyl cellulose and 73% alpha-terpeneol. Claim 13) According to claim number five, the method of polymerization of propylene and ethane is used to prepare the third layer of the antibacterial nanocomposite coating; the ethylene monomer is randomly distributed along the propylene chain by heating and pressure; so that the random addition of ethylene causes the crystallization and melting point of the polymer to decrease; in this case, a random copolymer polypropylene is produced by copolymerizing propylene monomer and a small amount of ethylene monomer (1-4%); which is mixed into the first and second layers of the nanocomposite coating in the form of a film layer; and finally, an antibacterial nanocomposite coating with a three-layer structure of different compounds and effective in removing bacteria is made.

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