Structure for light-emitting elements in light field display

Abstract

To solve the problem that a light field display may require a large number of light-emitting elements, at a resolution two to three orders of magnitude greater than that of a conventional display.SOLUTION: A light field display can comprise a plurality of pixels (for example, a plurality of super-raxels), and each pixel includes a plurality of sub-pixels integrally constructed on the same semiconductor substrate. Each sub-pixel has a respective light steering optical element and includes an array of a plurality of light-emitting elements (for example, a plurality of sub-raxels) that generate the same color of light. The light steering optical element can include at least one microlens, at least one diffraction grating, or a combination of both. Separate groups of light-emitting elements can be configured, and a directional resolution of the light field display can be based on the number of groups. The light field display also includes electronic means configured to drive the light-emitting elements in each sub-pixel.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 8B

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application is entitled "Structures for Light Emitting Devices in Light Field Displays" , U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 662,629, filed April 25, 2018; and Titled "Structures for Light-Emitting Devices in Light Field Displays," 2019 Priority and benefit claims of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16 / 392,061, filed April 23, The benefit of this application is claimed, and is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. [Background technology]

[0002] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to displays, and more specifically to light field displays. The present invention relates to a structure for a light-emitting element in a light source.

[0003] The emergence of various video applications and services provides images in three dimensions (3D). There is growing interest in using displays that can: Volumetric displays, holographic displays, integrated imaging displays There are various types of displays, including 3D displays, 3D ray displays, and compressed light field displays. Existing display technologies have limitations on the views available to the viewer, and they offer a variety of views. There are a number of factors that can affect the quality of the display, such as the complexity of the equipment required to create it, or the costs associated with creating the display. There may be some restrictions.

[0004] However, light fields or light field displays can be used in a variety of locations. A frame that is constructed to provide multiple views to the viewer to give them a sense of depth or 3D. It is a flat screen display, which gives you some better options. Field displays have a resolution two to three orders of magnitude higher than conventional displays and use a large number of light-emitting elements. Therefore, both the number of light emitting elements and the way in which they are configured may be challenges, enabling the ultra-high density needed to provide the best possible experience for viewers. It is necessary to consider this in order to Summary of the Invention

[0005] The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not intended to be an extensive overview of all possible aspects. It is not intended to identify key or important elements of all aspects, but rather to include all or some of the aspects. The purpose of this disclosure is to clarify the scope of all embodiments, as will be described in greater detail below. presents some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to That is the thing.

[0006] As used in this disclosure, the term sublux cell refers to a light-emitting device that produces monochromatic light; and light emitting elements that generate red, green, and blue light. The term refers to a group of sublux cells (e.g., adjacent or closely spaced sublux cells). It can also refer to a loop or allocation. Also, the terms superplex or pixel are organized, grouped, or otherwise assigned to various racks. It may refer to an array or arrangement of light elements.

[0007] In one aspect of the present disclosure, the light field display includes a plurality of pixels (e.g., a plurality of Each pixel can include a super-lux cell, and each pixel can be integrally formed on the same semiconductor substrate. Each pixel includes a number of sub-pixels. The pixel is also sometimes called a light field pixel. A subpixel is a set of light-emitting elements (e.g., The light directing optical element includes at least one marker. The light emitting device may include a microlens, at least one diffraction grating, or a combination of both. A separate group of light elements (e.g., a laser cell) forms a pixel (e.g., a super laser cell). The light field display may be configured to have a directional resolution of 1000x1000 pixels. The light field display may also include a loop count based on the number of loops in each sub-pixel. It includes electronic means configured to drive said light emitting elements. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0008] The accompanying drawings illustrate only some embodiments and are therefore not intended to limit the scope. is not considered to be

[0009] [Figure 1A] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a pixel for a light field display according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0010] [Figure 1B] FIG. 1B illustrates another example of a pixel for a light field display according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0011] [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a light emitting element within a pixel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0012] [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a light field display having a number of pixels according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0013] [Figure 4]FIG. 4 illustrates another example of a light field display having a plurality of pixels according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a light field display and camera having a plurality of pixels and light detection elements according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] [Figure 6A] FIG. 6A illustrates an example cross-sectional view of a portion of a light field display according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] [Figure 6B] FIG. 6B illustrates another example cross-sectional view of a portion of a light field display according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] [Figure 7A] FIG. 7A illustrates an example of a light field display configuration according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] [Figure 7B] FIG. 7B illustrates another example of a light field display configuration according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] [Figure 8A] FIG. 8A illustrates an example of an arrangement of light emitting elements within a pixel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] [Figure 8B] FIG. 8B illustrates an example of a pixel with sub-pixels according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] [Figure 9A] FIG. 9A illustrates an example of a pixel with a color converter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] [Figure 9B] FIG. 9B illustrates an example of a sub-pixel with a color converter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] [Figure 9C] FIG. 9C illustrates another example of a sub-pixel with a color converter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0024] The detailed description set forth below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings is intended as an illustration of various configurations. and are not intended to represent the only configuration in which the concepts described herein may be implemented. The detailed description does not include specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of various concepts. However, it should be understood that these concepts may be practiced without the specific details. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art. In some cases, to avoid obscuring such concepts, In the drawings, well known components are shown in block diagram form.

[0025] FIG. 1A shows a schematic diagram 100a illustrating an example of a pixel for a light field display. For example, it is called a multi-view display. The ray (see, for example, the light field display 310 of FIGS. 3-5) is an array of A plurality of pixels may be arranged in a grid, or other type of ordered arrangement (e.g., FIG. 3 3 through pixel 320 in FIG. 5. In some embodiments, multiple pixels may be The pixels may be integrally formed on the same semiconductor substrate. The material may be fabricated, constructed, and / or formed from one or more layers of material. The one or more layers are disposed or formed on a single continuous semiconductor substrate; and Further details regarding materials and other aspects related to the semiconductor substrate. In this disclosure, the terms "pixel" and "superlux" are used. The terms are used interchangeably to describe similar structural units within a light field display. In some cases, "picture element" is also called pixel, but conventionally it is called pixel. This is different from the pixels used in modern displays.

[0026] A single pixel may contain many light emitting elements 125. As noted above, a pixel generally The pixels are different from pixels in traditional displays in that they identify individual elements that emit light. are different (e.g. Lambertian emission, which is an omnidirectional method). On the other hand, a pixel has multiple a light emitting element 125 for generating or producing a light output that may be directional in nature; The light emitting elements 125 themselves are organized and structured. The elements contribute to the formation of multiple different light field views. The light field view is a different location or position away from the light field display. In one example, the image is presented to a viewer in a room by a light field display. Each specific location or position away from the light field display is The pixel may be associated with a light field view provided by the display. Additional aspects regarding the placement and characteristics of the light emitting elements 125 are described in more detail below. Further differences between pixels in a lightfield display and a conventional display Clarify.

[0027] The pixels may have corresponding light directing optical elements 115, as shown in FIG. The guided optical element 115 is generated (e.g., emitted) by a plurality of light emitting elements 125. ) can be configured to guide or direct different light beam elements 105. In the embodiment, the different light beam elements 105 are generated by one or more light emitting elements 125. In this regard, the pixel or light field display may correspond to different directions of light output. The directional resolution of the play can correspond to the number of supported light output directions. The light field view provided by the field display is Various optical outputs received by a viewer at a particular location or position away from the display. The light directing optical element 115 can be considered as part of a pixel. That is, the light directing optical element 115 is an integral component of the pixel. The optical elements 115 are aligned with and physically coupled to the light emitting elements 125 of their respective pixels. In some embodiments, the light directing optical element 115 and its respective One or more layers or materials (e.g., , optically transparent layers or materials).

[0028] In one example, the light directing optical elements 115 may be microlenses or The light directing optical element 115 may be a lenslet. (e.g., different light field views) to guide or orient them in the appropriate direction. The light directing optical element 115 may be configured as a single optical structure (e.g., a single Alternatively, the light directing optical element 115 may include a microlens or a lenslet. can be configured or formed to include a number of optical structures. For example, light guiding optics The element 115 may be at least one microlens, at least one diffraction grating, or both. In another example, the light directing optical element 115 may have a combination of Optical components that produce the appropriate light guiding effects (e.g., microlenses and / or diffraction gratings) For example, the light directing optical element 115 may have multiple layers of a first microlens. and a second microlens stacked on the first microlens. , a first microlens is associated with the first layer and a second microlens is associated with the second layer. In a different example, either or both layers may include a grating or a diffraction grating. A combination of a microlens and a microlens may be used. The arrangement and configuration of microlenses and / or diffraction gratings constructed or formed therein. The characteristics and properties are intended to produce a proper guidance or direction of the light beam element 105. do.

[0029] The light emitting element 125 can be a device of different types. The photonic element 125 is a light emitting diode (LED) made of one or more semiconductor materials. The LED may be an inorganic LED. To achieve the required high density, LEDs are being developed, for example, in the form of micro LEDs (micro LEDs, m LEDs, or μLEDs, can be used to display the light. It offers better brightness and color contrast than other display technologies such as LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) and Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) technologies. It is possible to improve performance such as energy efficiency. The terms "body," "emitter," and "emitter" may be used interchangeably in this disclosure. In addition, both of these terms may be used to refer to: To describe a similar structural unit within a light field display, the term "sublux" was used. The term is sometimes used interchangeably.

[0030] The multiple light emitting elements 125 of a pixel can be integrally formed on the same semiconductor substrate. That is, the light emitting elements 125 may be made of one or more layers of the same or different materials. The layer or layers may be fabricated, constructed, and / or formed from a single Deposited, formed, and / or grown on a continuous semiconductor substrate. may be one or more of GaN, GaAs, Al2O3, Si, SiC, Ga2O3, In these parts, the same semiconductor substrate may be used. The light emitting elements 125 integrally formed on the substrate are at least partially made of AlN, GaN, , InN, AlAs, GaAs, InAs, AlP, GaP, InP, their alloys, or one or more of their derivatives. Each light emitting device 125 has a quantum well active region made of one or more of the materials listed above. It may include a region.

[0031] The plurality of light emitting elements 125 may be different types of light emitting elements for providing different colors of light or The light field display may include a light emitting device. Allowing a particular color gamut or range to be visually accessible to the listener. The first type of light-emitting element 125 generates green (G) light, the second type of light-emitting element 126 generates red (R) light, and the third type of light-emitting element 127 generates green (G) light. a second type of light-emitting element that produces blue (B) light, and a third type of light-emitting element that produces blue (B) light. In another example, the plurality of light emitting elements 125 may optionally generate white (W) light. In another example, the single light emitting element 125 may include a fourth type of light emitting element comprising: The display may be configured to generate light of different colors. The light produced by the 125 covers the full range of colors available on the display, i.e. Enables the color gamut of the display. The color gamut of the display is determined by the color space of each of its constituent color sources (red, The linearity of the spectrum is a function of the wavelength and linewidth of the light (e.g., a color source consisting of a mixture of green and blue).

[0032] In one embodiment, the different types of colors of light are colored by one or more materials (e.g., This can be achieved by changing the composition of the semiconductor material (e.g., the semiconductor material) or by using different structures. The structures (e.g., quantum dots of different sizes) may be incorporated as part of or in association with the light-emitting device. For example, the light emitting element 125 of the pixel may be If the LEDs are ED, the first set of LEDs in the image are EDs with a first composition of indium (In). The second set of LEDs may be made at least in part of InGaN having an I At least a portion of the InGaN has a second composition of In different from the first composition of n. The third set of LEDs may have an In composition different from the first and second compositions of In. It may be made at least in part of InGaN having a third composition.

[0033] In other embodiments, the different types of colors of light may be multiple light sources that produce the same or similar colors of light. This is realized by applying different color converters (e.g., color down-converters) to the light-emitting elements of In one embodiment, some or all of the plurality of light emitting elements 125 may be , each of which may include a color conversion medium (e.g., a color conversion material or combination of materials). For example, each light emitting element 125 in a pixel is configured to produce blue light. The first set of light emitting elements 125 simply provides blue light, and the second set of light emitting elements 125 The second set downconverts the blue light (e.g., using one conversion medium) The third cell of the plurality of light-emitting elements 125 is further configured to generate and provide green light. The kit also downconverts blue light (e.g., using a different conversion medium) to red It is further configured to generate and provide light.

[0034] The plurality of light emitting elements 125 of a pixel may itself be configured as an array, grid, or other type of or the pixels are configured using different arrangements in a light field display The optical fibers may be arranged in an ordered arrangement as well as in a rectangular array.

[0035] Additionally, for each pixel, one or more transistors for driving or operating the plurality of light emitting elements 125 are provided. There may be any number of drivers 135. The drivers 135 are part of the backplane 130. The light emitting element 125 may be an electronic circuit or electronic means electrically coupled to the plurality of light emitting elements 125. The driver 135 drives or operates the plurality of light emitting elements 125 (e.g., select children, control settings, and control brightness), and In some embodiments, one driver may be configured to provide a current. The light emitting element 125 is driven or operated by the power supply 135. In other embodiments, one driver 135 drives or operates multiple light emitting elements 125. For example, the driver 135 may be used to drive a single light emitting The configuration of a unit cell configured to drive an element 125 or a plurality of light-emitting elements 125 may be also possible.

[0036] In addition to the backplane 130 including the driver 135, the light field display The light source may also include a plane 120 having a plurality of light emitting elements 125. The field display also includes a planar surface 110 having a plurality of light directing optical elements 115. In the implementation, a plane 110, a plane 120, and a backplane 130 Two or more of the following may be integrated or combined together to form a stacked or three-dimensional (3D) structure: Additional layers, planes, or structures (not shown) may also be used to provide connectivity, interoperability, and Lamination to facilitate or provide usability, adhesion, and / or separation between planes. As used in this disclosure, the term "planar" refers to a plane or a portion of a 3D structure. The terms "layers" are sometimes used interchangeably.

[0037] FIG. 1B shows a schematic diagram 100b illustrating another example of a pixel for a light field display. In this example, a pixel can only provide or emit a light beam element 105. 1B), the light beam element 107 is guided through the light directing optical element 115. The light beam elements 105 may be pixels or light field displays. Supports directional light output that contributes to the variety of views offered to the viewer by the splay. The light beam elements 107 can be arranged in a pixel or light field display. This allows for directional light input that contributes to the various views received.

[0038] In the example of FIG. 1B, the plane 120a having the plurality of light emitting elements 125 also includes the light beam element 107. may include one or more light detecting elements 127 for receiving or capturing light associated with The one or more light detection elements 127 may be adjacent to and surrounded by the plurality of light emitting elements 125. Alternatively, the one or more light detecting elements 127 may be arranged on the plane 120a. The light-emitting element 125 may be disposed on the plane 120a away from the light-emitting element 125. "detector," "optical sensor," or "sensor" are used interchangeably in this disclosure. There is.

[0039] In some embodiments, the plurality of light detecting elements 127 is the same as the plurality of light emitting elements 125. The photodetector element 127 may be integrally formed on a semiconductor substrate. As such, the light emitting element 125 may be made from the same type of material that the light emitting element 125 is made from. Alternatively, the light detector 127 may be made of a material different from that used to make the light emitter 125. Materials and / or structures (e.g., silicon complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) or It can be made from the

[0040] Additionally, the plane 130a having the driver 135 is also electrically connected to the light detecting element 127. The one or more detectors 137 may be coupled to the The power supply 137 supplies the appropriate signals, voltages, and / or currents to operate the light detecting element 127. configured to provide a current (e.g., to select and control settings of a light detecting element), A signal (e.g., an analog signal or The digital signal is configured to generate a digital signal.

[0041] The structure of the light directing optical element 115 shown in FIG. The position and characteristics of the lens and / or grating may be adjusted to move the beam elements 105 away from the pixels. The light field view is then properly guided or oriented so that the viewer perceives the light field view. Providing the various contributions required and directing the light beam elements 107 to the appropriate light detector elements 127 In some embodiments, the light is directed or steered in the correct direction. The detector 127 is separate from the light directing optics 115 used in conjunction with the light emitting element 125. In such a case, the light detecting element 127 may be provided with a light directing optical element. Light directing optics for guiding the light may be included in plane 110 having light directing optics 115 .

[0042] The different pixel structures described with reference to FIGS. 1A and 1B are 5. In addition, FIG. 1 The pixel structure shown in Figure 1 allows for control, positioning, and direction of the light beam components received by the pixel. do.

[0043] In FIG. 2, a schematic 200 illustrates a pattern or mosaic of multiple light emitting elements 125 within a pixel. In this example, an array or grid of multiple light emitting elements 125 that are part of a pixel is shown. A portion of the device is expanded to include different types of light emitting devices 125. A pattern or mosaic is shown. In this example, three different types of luminescent elements are 125, a first type of light emitting element 125a that produces light of one color, and a second type of light emitting element 125b that produces light of another color. a second type of light emitting element 125b that produces light of yet another color; and a third type of light emitting element 125c that produces light of yet another color. The light emitting elements 125c are shown. The colors of these lights are, for example, red light, green light, and blue light. In some embodiments, the pattern may include a red light. The number of light emitting elements may be twice the number of light emitting elements that generate green or blue light. In this embodiment, the size of the light emitting elements that generate red light in the pattern is Alternatively, the size of the light emitting element that produces blue light may be twice as large as the light emitting element that produces blue light. The light source 120 may include a fourth type of light emitting element 125 that produces a fourth color of light, such as white light. Generally, the area of ​​a light-emitting element of one color is determined by a particular color gamut and / or color space. The area of ​​the light emitting element of the other color may be changed relative to the area of ​​the light emitting element of the other color to meet the need for power efficiency. The patterns and colors described with reference to FIG. 2 are illustrative and not limiting. A wide range of patterns and / or colors are available (e.g., display may be available to the pixel light emitting element 125 (to enable a particular color gamut in the In another embodiment, additional light emitting elements (of any color) are used in a specific pattern to provide redundancy. It can be provided.

[0044] The schematic diagram 200 shown in FIG. 2 also illustrates various types of integrated circuits formed on the same semiconductor substrate. The light emitting element 125 (e.g., light emitting elements 125a, 125b, and 125c) For example, different types of light emitting elements 125 may be made of different materials (or the same material). If the product is based on different variations or compositions of different ingredients, each of these different ingredients The present invention is directed to a method for manufacturing a semiconductor substrate, the method comprising the steps of: forming a semiconductor substrate; , and must be compatible with semiconductor substrates, which is necessary for light field displays. It is possible to realize a very high density array of light emitting elements 125 (e.g., an array of RGB light emitting elements) that is .

[0045] The schematic diagram 300 shown in FIG. 3 is a light having a plurality of pixels or superpixels 320. 3 shows a light field display 310. The light field display 310 includes: It may be used for different types of applications and its size may vary depending on the application. For example The light field display 310 can be used to display a variety of different things, including watches, myopia apps, and more, to name a few. Applications, phones, tablets, laptops, monitors, TVs, and sign displays When used as a spray, it may have different sizes. Thus, the pixels 320 in the light field display 310 may be arranged in an array, grid, or other shapes of different sizes. or other types of ordered arrangements. 320 may be organized or arranged in an N by M array, where N is the number of rows of pixels in the array. where M is the number of columns of pixels in the array. The augmented part of such an array is The example array sizes for small displays are shown to the right of display 310. Examples include N≧10 and M≧10 and N≧100 and M≧100; Each pixel 320 in the array has its own array or grid of light emitting elements 125. For displays, example array sizes are N >= 500 and M >= 500, N >= 1,000 and M ≥ 1,000, N ≥ 5,000 and M ≥ 5,000, N ≥ 10,000 and M≧10,000, and each pixel 320 in the array is itself a light-emitting element 1 It has 25 arrays or grids.

[0046] As a more specific example, a pixel of a conventional display is replaced by pixel 320. For a 4K light field display, an N x M array of pixels 320 would have approximately 83 pixels. The pixel 320 may be a 2,160×3,840 array containing 10 million pixels. Depending on the number of children, the 4K light field display can be displayed at up to 125 times the resolution of a corresponding conventional display. It can have a resolution one or two orders of magnitude greater than the resolution of a ray. The laser cell 320 is a laser diode that generates red (R), green (G), and blue (B) light. When the light emitting element 125 includes an LED, the 4K light field display is an integrated It can be said that it is made from intelligently configured RGB LED super-lux cells.

[0047] Light feel, including corresponding light directing optical elements 115 (e.g., integral imaging lenses) Each pixel 320 in the display 310 has a minimum pixel size limited by the display resolution. In this regard, the arrangement of the light emitting elements 125 of the pixel 320 can be expressed as The columns or grids can be smaller than the light directing optical elements 115 that correspond to the pixels. In practice, however, the size of the array or grid of light emitting elements 125 of pixel 320 is , the size of the corresponding light directing optical element 115 (e.g., a microlens or lenslet) diameter), which may be similar to or the same as the pitch 330 between pixels 320. be.

[0048] A close-up of the array of light emitting elements 125 of pixel 320 is shown on the right side of diagram 300 . The array of light emitting elements 125 may be a P×Q array, where P is the number of light emitting elements 125 in the array. where P is the number of rows of light emitting elements 125 in the array, and Q is the number of columns of light emitting elements 125 in the array. 5 and Q ≥ 5, P ≥ 8 and Q ≥ 8, P ≥ 9 and Q ≥ 9, P ≥ 10 and Q ≥ 10, P ≥ 12 and Q ≥ 12, P ≥ 20 and Q ≥ 20, and P ≥ 25 and Q ≥ 25 were listed. In one example, a P×Q array can have 81 light emitting elements or sublux cells. The array of light emitting elements 125 for pixel 320 is a 9×9 array including 25. The shape of the slits need not be limited to rectangular or hexagonal shapes, but may be based on hexagons or other shapes.

[0049] In each pixel 320, the light emitting elements 125 in the array are separate and distinct light emitting elements. 125 groups (e.g., groups of light emitting elements 610 in FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 8A). These light emitting elements 125 may be arranged to be spaced apart from one another based on spatial and angular proximity. are assigned or grouped (e.g., logically grouped) according to the A light field view provided to a viewer by a light field display 310. The light sources are configured to generate different light outputs (e.g., directional light outputs) that contribute to the generation of The grouping of sub-cells or light-emitting elements into a lax cell need not be unique. For example, during assembly or manufacturing, you can There may be a mapping of sub-cells. Similar re-mapping can be done on the device once it has been placed. Depending on the display, for example, aging of light-emitting elements of different colors and / or light-induced optics may be used. Considering the aging of various parts or elements of the display, including the aging of the element, In this disclosure, the terms "group of light-emitting elements" and "lax cell" are used interchangeably. are used interchangeably to describe similar structural units within a light field display. It may be generated by the contributions of various groups of light-emitting elements or lasers. A light field view can be perceived by the viewer as either a continuous or non-continuous view. It is possible.

[0050] Each group of light emitting elements 125 in the array of light emitting elements 125 has at least three different colors. A plurality of light emitting devices that generate light of different wavelengths (e.g., red light, green light, blue light, or even white light) In one example, each of these groups or cells includes a pixel that produces red light. At least one light emitting element 125 that produces green light, one light emitting element 125 that produces blue light, and In other examples, these groups or groups may include one light emitting element 125 that produces colored light. Each cell has two light emitting elements 125 that generate red light and one light emitting element that generates green light. In yet another example, the light emitting element 125 includes one light emitting element 125 that generates blue light. , each of these groups or cells includes one light-emitting element 12 that produces red light. 5. One light emitting element 125 for generating green light, one light emitting element 125 for generating blue light; and one light emitting element 125 that produces white light.

[0051] For the various applications mentioned above (e.g. light field displays of different sizes) In the above, some of the structural units have been described in relation to the light field display 310. The size or dimensions can vary widely. For example, the arrangement of light emitting elements 125 within a pixel 320 Alternatively, the size of the lattice (e.g., the diameter, width, or overall length of the array or lattice) may be less than about 10 microns. The pixel or superpixel may be within about 1,000 microns of the The associated size of the rack cell 320 may be within this range. The term refers to the exact value or 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10% or more of that value. %, 15%, 20%, or 25% variation.

[0052] In another example, the size of each group of light emitting elements 125 in a pixel 320 (e.g., diameter, width, or overall length) may be in the range of about 1 micron to about 10 microns. That is, the size associated with a group of light emitting elements 125 (e.g., laser cells 610) is , may be within this range.

[0053] In another example, the size of the group of light emitting elements 125 in the pixel 320 is less than 10 microns. The size of the light emitting elements 125 in such a group may be as large as 10 mm. It can also be a clone.

[0054] In yet another example, the size of each light emitting element 125 (e.g., the light emitting element or sublux cell) may vary. The diameter, width, or overall length of the pores may be in the range of about 0.4 microns to about 4 microns. Similarly, the size of each light emitting element 125 (e.g., the diameter of the light emitting element or sublux cell, The length, width, or overall length, of the slits may be less than about 1 micron. The size of each light emitting element 125 can be as small as 10 microns. The associated sizes of the sublux cells 125 may be within the ranges described above.

[0055] In yet another example, the size of the light directing optical elements 115 (e.g., microlenses or small The diameter, width, or overall length of the lens ranges from about 10 microns to about 1,000 microns. The range may be within the range of a pixel or superplex size.

[0056] 4 shows a schematic 400 of an array of pixels 320 with corresponding light directing optical elements 115. 3 shows another example of a light field display 310 showing an enlarged view of a portion of the pitch 3 30 may represent the spacing or distance between pixels 320 and the size of the light directing optical element 115. The size of the lens may be of any size (eg, the size of a microlens or a lenslet).

[0057] In this example, the light field display 310 of FIG. 4K Lightfield Display with a 2,160 x 3,840 array of 320 cells In such cases, the viewer may be about 1.5 meters or about 5 feet away. In contrast, the size of the light directing optical element 115 can be approximately 0.5 millimeters. Such a size may correspond to human visual acuity of approximately 1 arcmin / pixel. The field of view (FOV) can be approximately 64 degrees, which is the viewing angle provided by a pixel. In addition, the 4K light filter in this example may be smaller than the The multiple views provided by the field display are 4 mm in diameter, which matches the diameter of the human pupil. It may have a width of, for example, 31 mm. 2 A pixel having light emitting elements 125 The output light generated by the element 320 is converted to the light directing optical element 115. So the 4K light field display in this example is a light field It is possible to provide continuous disparity with phase, or horizontal disparity with light field phase. can.

[0058] Schematic diagram 500 of FIG. 5 illustrates a light filtering system using adjacent light detecting elements or sensors 127. A light that can also act as a camera by performing visual capture 1 shows an alternative configuration for a light field display. In this example, a light field display The play and camera 310a includes an N×M array of pixels 320, a portion of which is shown in schematic form. The photodetector element 127 is shown enlarged on the right side of the diagram 500. For example, it may be constructed with integral optical elements similar to those used by light directing optics 115). In one embodiment, the image sensor shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, the photodetection elements 127 are disposed near or adjacent to the pixels 320 in a one-to-one relationship. In other embodiments, the light may be captured by a single capture element (e.g., one capture element for each display element). The number of detector elements 127 may be less than the number of pixels 320 .

[0059] In one example, each light detection element 127 may include multiple sub-sensors for capturing light. This is because each pixel 320 (e.g., a Superlux cell) has multiple light emitting elements 125 (e.g., multiple sub-cells) or multiple groups (e.g., multiple The same embodiment can include the above-mentioned alkyl chains.

[0060] As described above in connection with FIG. 1B, the light detecting element 127 is coplanar with the light emitting element 125. However, some of the components of the photodetector element 127 may be integrated into the photodetector element 20a. In all cases, the backplane 130a is also silicon-based (e.g., Since the backplane 130a is likely to be a substrate, it may be mounted on the backplane 130a. At least some of the components of the detector element 127 may be implemented as detectors in the backplane 130a. 137, the light detecting element 127 is detected by a circuit or electronic means within the detector 137. can be made to operate more efficiently.

[0061] Schematic diagram 600a in FIG. 6A is used to illustrate some of the structural units described in this disclosure. , one of the light field displays (e.g., light field display 310) For example, schematic 600a shows a cross-sectional view of three adjacent pixels or superpixels. 3, the light directing optical element 115 is shown. In this example, light directing optical element 115 can be considered separate from pixel 320a. However, in other examples, light directing optical element 115 can be considered to be part of a pixel.

[0062] As shown in FIG. 6A, each pixel 320a includes a plurality of light emitting elements 125 (e.g., a plurality of sublux cells), and several light emitting elements 125 of different types (e.g., several A sub-cell is a specific light view provided by a light field display. The data may be grouped (e.g., into classes) into groups 610 associated with the data. The group or cell is the rightmost group or cell in the center pixel 320a. As indicated by the cells, the various components that contribute to a particular beam element 105 (see FIG. 6B) ) can be generated by different groups or lacs in different pixels. The light beam elements 105 are perceived by a viewer at a distance from the light field display. It will be appreciated that any of the above may contribute to the view that is presented.

[0063] The additional structural unit depicted in FIG. 6A is of the same type as pixel 320a (e.g., The concept of a subpixel 620 represents a group of light emitting elements 125 that produce the same color light. Additional details relating to element 620 are described below in conjunction with FIGS. 8B, 9B, and 9C. will be done.

[0064] The schematic diagram 600b of FIG. 6B illustrates a light field display (e.g., 3A and 3B show other cross-sectional views of a portion of a light guide display 310, each of which corresponds to a light guide light. The optical element 115 is generated by three adjacent pixels or superpixels 320a. In this example, the leftmost pixel 320 A group of light emitting elements 125 in a generate a light beam element 105a (e.g., a light output), Here, the light beam element 105a is a light beam generated or produced by a group of light emitting elements 125. A combination of element components 630 (e.g., light output subcomponents). For example, the light emitting element 125 If the group includes three light emitting elements 125, each of them is a light beam element 105a The light beam elements 10 may generate or generate different light components (e.g., different color light components). 5a has a specified spatial orientation, which is based on multiple angles (e.g., 2 The angle can be defined based on one or three angles.

[0065] Similarly, the group of light emitting elements 125 in the center pixel 320a are aligned with light beam element 105b (e.g. For example, light output, where light beam element 105b is a group of light emitting elements 125. The light beam element 105b is a combination of light beam element components 630 generated or produced by: Different from one of the beam elements 105a, which may also be defined based on multiple angles, The same applies to the emission in the right-most pixel 320a. The same is true for beam element 105c generated by group of elements 125.

[0066] The following figure shows a light field display (e.g., light field display 3 10) illustrates different configurations of the light field. In FIG. 7A, a schematic diagram 700a illustrates a light field This shows a first configuration or approach for the display, called a pixel array in a multi-layered configuration. In this configuration, various pixels 320b in the light field 310 can By combining the emitted light beam elements 105, different light field views can be obtained. (e.g., view A, view B) may be provided. In this example, the light directing optical element 115 Each pixel 320b can be considered as a part of the pixel 320b. There is an array or lattice 710 of 125 groups (e.g., an array or lattice of loops). , each of these groups produces a light output having at least one component (Figure 6B). This light output may be at any location or from the light field display 310. Light as a contribution to composing or forming the view perceived by the viewer at a position For example, each of the pixels 320b is provided by the field display 310. At least one group or laxel in the array 710 that contributes to view A is At least another group or group in array 710 that exists and contributes to view B In some cases, the viewer's perception of the light field display 310 may be affected. Depending on the location or position, the same group or access may appear in both view A and view B. This can contribute to the

[0067] In one embodiment of the light field display 310 of FIG. 7A, at each pixel 320b , based on where pixel 320b is located within light field display 310, The spatial (e.g., lateral) There may be an offset.

[0068] In FIG. 7B, a schematic diagram 700b is similarly shown illustrating a light field display that supports light capture. This configuration shows a second configuration or approach for the light field display. The spray and camera 310a are connected to the light field display 31 shown in FIG. 0. However, the light field display and camera 3 10a shows a suitable array 710a having a group of light emitting elements 125 along with a light detecting element. The light beam element 107 is guided or directed to an appropriate light detection element (e.g., sensor 127). There is a camera lens 725 for this purpose.

[0069] FIG. 8A shows a schematic diagram 800a illustrating various details of one embodiment of pixel 320. For example, the pixels 320 (e.g., Superlux cells) each have a light directing optical element 1 15 (shown by a dashed line), and a plurality of light emitting elements integrally formed on the same semiconductor substrate. The light directing optical element 11 includes an array or grid 810 of sublux cells 125 (e.g., sublux cells). 5 may be the same or similar size as array 810, or may be arranged as shown. Some of the sizes shown in the figures of this disclosure are For illustrative purposes, they have been exaggerated and are not intended to be an accurate representation of actual or relative size. It should be understood that this does not have to be the case.

[0070] The multiple light emitting elements 125 in the array 810 may be of different types for producing different colors of light. and (e.g., via hardware and / or software) ) are each arranged in a separate group 610 (e.g., separate racks) or configured Each represents one or more light fields perceived by the viewer. Each group generates a different light output (e.g., a directional light output) that contributes to the view. Group 610 is presented to a viewer (or Each of the video streams is configured to contribute one or more views to a video stream (eg, multiple viewers).

[0071] As shown in FIG. 8A, array 810 may include an adjacent or proximate arrangement of two or more pixels. The geometries include hexagons (as shown in FIG. 8A), squares, and It can be either rectangular or square.

[0072] Although not shown, the pixel 320 of FIG. 8A has a plurality of light emitting elements 125 in the pixel 230. Corresponding electronic means including a plurality of driving circuits configured to drive the In the example of FIG. 8A, the electronic means may include individual sub configured to control operation of a plurality of light-emitting elements that are part of a pixel and / or group The semiconductor device may include a plurality of unit cells.

[0073] FIG. 8B shows a schematic diagram 800b illustrating various details of another embodiment of pixel 320. For example, the pixel 320 (e.g., a Superlux cell) in FIG. 8A is formed on the same semiconductor substrate. The pixel includes a plurality of sub-pixels 620 integrally formed on the substrate. Each sub-pixel 620 has a respective light guide. A plurality of light-emitting elements having optical guide elements 115 (shown in dashed lines) that generate light of the same color 125 (e.g., a plurality of sublux cells) 810a. The children 115 may be the same or similar size as the array 810a or may be of different sizes as shown. In the pixel 320, the subpixel 620 may be slightly larger than the array 810a. One of the light directing optical elements 115 is illuminated by a plurality of light emitting elements 125 in the subpixel 620. For the color of light generated by the By optimizing the chromatic aberration, the chromatic aberration is minimized. This improves the sharpness of the light field view and reduces the pixel center distance. In addition, the light directing optical element 115 may be able to compensate for the difference in magnification between the Each of the sub-pixels 620 is aligned and coupled to an array 810a.

[0074] The light emitting elements 125 of the subpixels 620 are arranged in separate groups 610 (e.g., subcells). and each group 610 generates a different one of the multiple views. Group 610 is provided by a light field display that includes pixel 320. 8B. , each group 610 includes a group of light-emitting elements from each of the sub-pixels 620. 125 (eg, at the same location within each subpixel).

[0075] As shown in FIG. 8B, array 810a allows for adjacent placement of two or more subpixels. The geometric configuration may be a hexagon (as shown in FIG. 8B), a square, or The shape may be either rectangular or rectangular.

[0076] Although not shown, the pixel 320 of FIG. 8B has a plurality of light emitting elements 125 in the pixel 230. Corresponding electronic means including a plurality of driving circuits configured to drive the In some examples, each of the sub-pixels 620 may have a For this purpose, one or more common drive circuits can be used. The electronic means may be operable to operate individual sub-pixels and / or a plurality of light-emitting elements that are part of a sub-pixel. The system may include a plurality of unit cells configured to control

[0077] 9A shows an example of the pixel 320 of FIG. 125 includes a respective individual light converter or color converter for each of the light emitting elements 125. Different media produce different colors of light.

[0078] In one example, a second set of light emitting elements 125 that converts the light generated by the first set of light emitting elements 125 into blue light may be used. a first conversion means (e.g., optical converter 910a), and a second set of light emitting elements 125. a second conversion means (e.g., light converter 910b) for converting the generated light into green light; a third conversion means (e.g., For example, there may be an optical transducer 910c).

[0079] In another example, a first set of light emitting elements 125 may generate blue light, and thus Therefore, the first conversion means (e.g., optical converter 910a) is not required (e.g., the first conversion means Conversion is optional).

[0080] Schematic diagram 900b of FIG. 9B illustrates an example of pixel 320 of FIG. 8B. Here, subpixel 6 Each of the 20 light emitting elements 125 has its own individual light changing A converter or color conversion medium produces light of the same color.

[0081] In one example, the light emitted by the light emitting element 125 of the first subpixel, which is one of the subpixels 620, a first converter (e.g., light converter 910a) for converting the emitted light into blue light; A second sub-pixel converts the light generated by the light-emitting element 125 of the second sub-pixel into green light. a third subpixel, which is one of the subpixels 620, and a conversion means (e.g., photoconverter 910b) of the first subpixel. a third conversion means (e.g., For example, there may be an optical transducer 910c).

[0082] In another example, the light emitting element 125 of a first subpixel of the subpixels 620 produces blue light. Therefore, the first conversion means (e.g., optical converter 910a) is not required. (e.g., the first conversion means is optional).

[0083] Diagram 900c of FIG. 9C illustrates another example of pixel 320 of FIG. 8B. Here, subpixel 6 Each of the 20 light emitting elements 125 has a single light conversion element 620 in each subpixel 620. The same color light is produced by a vessel or color conversion medium.

[0084] In one example, all of the light emitting elements 125 of a first subpixel, which is one of the subpixels 620, a single first conversion means (e.g., light converter 910a) for converting the generated light into blue light; The light generated by all of the light emitting elements 125 of the second subpixel, which is one of the subpixels 620 a single second conversion means (e.g., light converter 910b) for converting the light from the first pixel to green light, and The light generated by all of the light-emitting elements 125 of the third subpixel, one of which is 620, is called red. There may be a single third converting means (eg, optical converter 910c) that converts to light.

[0085] In another example, the light emitting element 125 of a first subpixel of one of the subpixels 620 emits blue light. Thus, a single first conversion means (e.g., optical converter 910a) can be It is not required (eg, the first conversion means is optional).

[0086] 9A to 9C, the first conversion means, the second conversion means, and the third conversion means Each may include a composition having phosphorus to effect color conversion. Different compositions of fluorescein can be used to produce various color transformations. In general, each of the first conversion means, the second conversion means, and the third conversion means is a quantum dot. The quantum dots of the first conversion means can have a first size, and the quantum dots of the second conversion means can have a first size. The quantum dots of the conversion means can have a second size and the quantum dots of the third conversion means can have a third size. The quantum dots can have three sizes, where the size of the quantum dot affects the wavelength of light, and or control to produce a color transformation.

[0087] Although the present disclosure has been provided according to the illustrated embodiments, those skilled in the art may recognize variations in the embodiments. The reader will readily recognize that various modifications and variations are possible within the scope of this disclosure. Accordingly, many modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the appended claims. This may be done.

Claims

1. A light field display having multiple pixels, Each of the aforementioned plurality of pixels is A first plane having a light-emitting element and one or more photodetectors, It includes a second plane having an optical element that induces light, The aforementioned light-guiding optical element is configured to guide or direct different light ray elements generated by the aforementioned light-emitting element, A light field display in which one or more light-detecting elements are configured to receive light rays through the light-inducing optical elements.

2. The light field display according to claim 1, wherein the light-inducing optical element includes at least one of a microlens and a grating.

3. The plurality of pixels include a plurality of subpixels, and each of the plurality of subpixels has the light-inducing optical element. The light field display according to claim 1, wherein the light-inducing optical element optimizes chromatic aberration with respect to the color of light generated by associated subpixels among the plurality of subpixels.

4. The light field display according to claim 1, wherein the light-emitting element is a light-emitting diode (LED).

5. The light field display according to claim 4, wherein the LED is an inorganic LED.

6. The light field display according to claim 1, further comprising a converter configuration configured to optically couple with associated pixels among the plurality of pixels and to convert light generated by the associated pixels among the plurality of pixels from a first wavelength to a second wavelength.

7. The converter configuration includes quantum dots, as described in claim 6, for the light field display.

8. The light-emitting element comprises at least one of AlN, GaN, InN, AlAs, GaAs, InAs, AlP, GaP, InP, alloys thereof, and derivatives thereof, according to claim 1.

9. The light field display according to claim 1, wherein the array of light-emitting elements has a geometric arrangement that allows at least two of the plurality of pixels to be adjacent to each other.

10. The light field display according to claim 9, wherein at least two of the plurality of pixels are formed on a continuous semiconductor substrate.

11. The light field display according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of pixels generates a light output having a specific color, intensity, and spatial directionality.

12. A light field display having multiple pixels, wherein each of the multiple pixels is A first plane having a light-emitting element, A second plane having a light-inducing optical element, It includes an electronic circuit and a backplane including one or more detectors, One or more photodetectors are realized on the backplane, The aforementioned light-guiding optical element is configured to guide or direct different light ray elements generated by the aforementioned light-emitting element, The one or more light-detecting elements are configured to receive light rays through the light-inducing optical elements, The electronic circuit is configured to drive each of the light-emitting elements individually. A light field display in which one or more detectors are electronically coupled to one or more photodetectors and configured to provide appropriate signals, voltages, and / or currents to operate the one or more photodetectors and generate signals representing light received or captured by the one or more photodetectors.

13. The light field display according to claim 12, wherein the light-inducing optical element includes at least one of a microlens and a grating.

14. The plurality of pixels include a plurality of subpixels, and each of the plurality of subpixels has the light-inducing optical element. The light field display according to claim 12, wherein the light-inducing optical element optimizes chromatic aberration with respect to the color of light generated by associated subpixels among the plurality of subpixels.

15. The light field display according to claim 12, wherein the light-emitting element is a light-emitting diode (LED).

16. The light field display according to claim 15, wherein the LED is an inorganic LED.

17. The light field display according to claim 12, further comprising a converter configuration configured to optically couple with associated pixels among the plurality of pixels and to convert light generated by the associated pixels among the plurality of pixels from a first wavelength to a second wavelength.

18. The converter configuration includes quantum dots, as described in claim 17, for the light field display.

19. The light-emitting element comprises at least one of AlN, GaN, InN, AlAs, GaAs, InAs, AlP, GaP, InP, alloys thereof, and derivatives thereof, according to claim 12.

20. The light field display according to claim 12, wherein the array of light-emitting elements has a geometric arrangement that allows at least two of the plurality of pixels to be adjacent to each other.

21. The light field display according to claim 20, wherein at least two of the plurality of pixels are formed on a continuous semiconductor substrate.

22. The light field display according to claim 12, wherein each of the plurality of pixels generates a light output having a specific color, intensity, and spatial directionality.

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