ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM AND ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE

Abstract

A marine energy storage system is disclosed, the energy storage system comprising a first fluid inlet for receiving a first fluid from a first system of the marine vessel and a second fluid outlet for supplying a second fluid to a second system of the marine vessel, the energy storage system further comprising a phase change material having a melting temperature above 0° C. at atmospheric pressure, the phase change material receiving and storing thermal energy from the first fluid received from the first system via the first fluid inlet and supplying the thermal energy to a second fluid supplied to the second system via the second fluid outlet.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an energy storage device and an energy storage system for a ship. [Background technology]

[0002] Ships, such as container ships, have systems that require heat, for example to heat the ship's crew accommodations, water supplies, engines, fuel lines, and / or fuel storage tanks. Heat for such systems is typically generated by the ship's boilers and / or power systems, and in some embodiments, by consuming fuel. Summary of the Invention

[0003] A first aspect of the present invention provides an energy storage system for a ship comprising a first fluid inlet for receiving a first fluid from a first system of the ship, a second fluid outlet for supplying a second fluid to a second system of the ship, and a phase change material having a melting temperature above 0°C at atmospheric pressure for receiving and storing thermal energy from the first fluid received from the first system via the first fluid inlet, and supplying the thermal energy to the second fluid supplied to the second system via the second fluid outlet.

[0004] In this way, the vessel can capture existing heat from the vessel and use this heat to heat a second system, which may reduce the vessel's total energy consumption, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the vessel.

[0005] In other words, the phase change material is not water. Optionally, the phase change material has a higher specific latent heat than water. That is, more heat energy is required to phase change 1 kg of the phase change material than is required to phase change 1 kg of water. In this way, the energy storage system can be more versatile and compact than an energy storage system that includes water as the phase change material.

[0006] Optionally, the melting temperature of the phase change material is greater than 80° C. at atmospheric pressure. Optionally, the melting temperature of the phase change material is less than or equal to 125° C. at atmospheric pressure. Optionally, the phase change material is selected to have a melting temperature such that it undergoes a phase change from a solid to a liquid when it receives and stores thermal energy from the first fluid.

[0007] Optionally, the energy storage system is configured to store thermal energy from the first system while the vessel is underway. Optionally, the energy storage system is configured to provide the stored thermal energy to the second system when the vessel is docked, such as during or immediately before or after a port stay. In this way, the vessel can use the energy captured from the first system while underway to heat the second fluid in the second system, for example to avoid running engines to heat the second fluid in the second system while in port. This may reduce the total energy consumption of the vessel and reduce emissions emitted by the vessel, such as CO2 and other greenhouse gases, while in port.

[0008] Optionally, the energy storage system comprises a first fluid inlet valve for selectively opening and closing the first fluid inlet, and a second fluid outlet valve for selectively opening and closing the second fluid outlet.

[0009] In this way, mixing of the first and second fluids in the energy storage system can be prevented and better control of heat transfer between the first fluid and the phase change material, and between the second fluid and the phase change material, can be achieved.

[0010] Optionally, the energy storage system is configurable in a first configuration in which the first fluid inlet is open and the second fluid outlet is closed, and a second configuration in which the second fluid outlet is open and the first fluid inlet is closed.

[0011] Thus, in the first configuration, heat can be transferred from the first fluid to the phase change material, and in the second configuration, heat can be transferred from the phase change material to the second fluid.

[0012] Optionally, the energy storage system comprises a chamber, and the first fluid inlet and the second fluid outlet are in or fluidly connectable with the chamber.

[0013] Thus, in use, the first fluid and the second fluid may pass through the chamber.

[0014] Optionally, the energy storage system comprises a second fluid inlet for receiving a second fluid from a second system. Optionally, in the first configuration, the second fluid inlet is fluidly isolated from the chamber. Optionally, in the second configuration, the second fluid inlet is fluidly coupled to the chamber.

[0015] Optionally, the energy storage system comprises a first fluid outlet. Optionally, the first fluid outlet is for supplying the first fluid to the first system.

[0016] Optionally, the energy storage system comprises a second fluid inlet valve for selectively opening and closing the second fluid inlet, and a first fluid outlet valve for selectively opening and closing the first fluid outlet.

[0017] Optionally, in the first configuration, the first fluid outlet is fluidly coupled to the chamber. Optionally, in the second configuration, the first fluid outlet is fluidly isolated from the chamber.

[0018] Optionally, the energy storage system comprises a conduit through which a third fluid can flow to transfer thermal energy between the phase change material and one or both of the first fluid and the second fluid.

[0019] Optionally, the conduit is configured such that, in use, the third fluid receives thermal energy from the first fluid and supplies thermal energy received from the first fluid to the phase change material. Optionally, the conduit is configured such that, in use, the third fluid receives thermal energy from the phase change material and supplies thermal energy received from the phase change material to the second fluid.

[0020] In this manner, the energy storage system may transfer heat between each of the first and second fluids and the phase change material via the third fluid, which may provide further physical separation between the first and second systems. Such separation may reduce the risk of mixing of the first and second fluids and / or improve ease of maintenance of the energy storage system.

[0021] Optionally, the energy storage system comprises a first heat exchanger for exchanging thermal energy between the first fluid and a third fluid. Optionally, the energy storage system comprises a second heat exchanger for exchanging thermal energy between the third fluid and the second fluid.

[0022] Optionally, the energy storage system comprises a loop through which a third fluid can flow. Optionally, the loop comprises a conduit. Optionally, the loop comprises a first heat exchanger and / or a second heat exchanger. Optionally, the energy storage system comprises a housing in which a phase change material is contained, and the loop is configured such that the third fluid passes through the housing. Optionally, the energy storage system comprises a chamber in which the phase change material is disposed, and the loop comprises the chamber. Optionally, the energy storage system comprises a fluid loop bypass valve for allowing the third fluid to bypass the first heat exchanger. Optionally, when the fluid loop bypass valve is in an open state, the third fluid passes through the fluid loop without receiving heat from the first system via the first heat exchanger.

[0023] Optionally, the energy storage system comprises a phase change capsule, the phase change capsule including a phase change material and a heat exchange interface that encapsulates the phase change material.

[0024] Optionally, the energy storage system comprises a chamber and a plurality of such phase change capsules disposed within the chamber such that the plurality of phase change capsules define a plurality of fluid flow paths between the phase change capsules for flow of a third fluid or one or both of the first and second fluids within the chamber. Optionally, the energy storage system is configured such that the third fluid or one or both of the first and second fluids can flow through the chamber via the plurality of fluid flow paths.

[0025] In this manner, the third fluid or one or both of the first and second fluids may permeate the voids between the phase change capsules within the chamber, thereby increasing the contact area between each fluid and the phase change capsule, and thus increasing the efficiency of heat transfer between each fluid and the phase change capsule. In some embodiments, encapsulating the phase change material ensures that a majority of the phase change material is capable of undergoing a phase change in the presence of the first, second, and / or third fluids.

[0026] Optionally, the heat exchange interface comprises a polymeric material. Optionally, the heat exchange interface comprises a metallic or ceramic material. Optionally, the heat exchange interface comprises any other suitable thermally conductive material.

[0027] A second aspect of the present invention provides an energy storage device for a marine vessel comprising a housing, a first fluid inlet for receiving a first fluid into the housing from a first system of the vessel, a second fluid outlet for supplying a second fluid from the housing to a second system of the vessel, and a phase change material in the housing for receiving and storing thermal energy from the first fluid received in the housing via the first fluid inlet, and supplying the thermal energy to the second fluid supplied from the housing to the second system of the vessel via the second fluid outlet.

[0028] In this manner, the first and second fluids can each be flowed through the enclosure, e.g., at different times, via the phase change material, thereby providing an efficient and compact arrangement for storing thermal energy from a first system and later providing thermal energy to a second system.

[0029] Optionally, the energy storage device of the second aspect includes any of the optional features of the energy storage system of the first aspect. For example, optionally, the energy storage device includes a second fluid inlet for receiving a second fluid from a second system of the vessel into the housing. Optionally, the energy storage device includes a first fluid outlet for supplying a first fluid from the housing to a first system of the vessel.

[0030] A third aspect of the invention provides a marine vessel hull, the hull comprising at least one energy storage system according to the first aspect or at least one energy storage device according to the second aspect.

[0031] Optionally, the energy storage system of the first aspect and / or the energy storage device of the second aspect are modular and compact, so that a vessel may advantageously comprise a plurality of energy storage systems of the first aspect and / or a plurality of energy storage devices of the second aspect.

[0032] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a marine vessel comprising the hull of the third aspect, the energy storage system of the first aspect or the energy storage device of the second aspect, and the first system and the second system.

[0033] Optionally, the first system includes a boiler system of the vessel. Optionally, the boiler system is configured to supply thermal energy to the first fluid upstream of the first fluid inlet by transferring thermal energy from an exhaust gas of an engine of the vessel to the first fluid. Optionally, the first system includes an intercooler system of the vessel engine. Optionally, the intercooler system is configured to supply thermal energy to the first fluid upstream of the first fluid inlet by transferring heat from an engine of the vessel to the first fluid.

[0034] Optionally, the second system is a heating system of the vessel. Optionally, the vessel comprises a fuel storage tank configured to store fuel, and the second system comprises a fuel tank heater arranged to heat fuel stored in the fuel storage tank in use. Optionally, the energy storage system and / or the energy storage device and / or the second system are configured to provide a second fluid to the fuel tank heater, such that thermal energy provided to the second fluid by the phase change material is available to the fuel tank heater to heat the fuel. The fuel may be heated to reduce the viscosity of the fuel.

[0035] In this way, fuel stored in the fuel storage tanks can be pre-heated before the next voyage using heat stored in the energy storage system during the previous voyage, thereby reducing the vessel's emissions as described above.

[0036] A fifth aspect of the present invention provides a method for handling energy on board a ship, the method comprising storing thermal energy from a first fluid received from a first system of the ship in a phase change material having a melting temperature above 0°C at atmospheric pressure, and supplying the thermal energy stored in the phase change material to a second fluid delivered to a second system of the ship.

[0037] Optionally, the method includes receiving a first fluid from a first system of the vessel. Optionally, the method includes supplying a second fluid, heated by thermal energy stored in the phase change material, to a second system of the vessel.

[0038] Optionally, the method comprises storing thermal energy in a phase change material of the energy storage system of the first aspect. Optionally, the method comprises storing thermal energy in a phase change material of the energy storage device of the second aspect. Optionally, the marine vessel is a marine vessel of the fourth aspect.

[0039] Optionally, the method includes any of the functions and / or actions performed by the energy storage system of the first aspect and / or the energy storage device of the second aspect.

[0040] Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: [Brief description of the drawings]

[0041] [Figure 1] 1 shows a schematic side view of an example marine vessel, according to an embodiment; [Diagram 2] FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an energy storage system, according to an embodiment. [Figure 3a] FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an energy storage device, according to an embodiment. [Figure 3b] FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an energy storage device according to another embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an energy storage system according to another embodiment. [Diagram 5] 1 shows a flow chart of a method according to an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0042] 1 shows a schematic side view of an example of a vessel 1 according to an embodiment. In this embodiment, the vessel 1 is a container ship 1. In other embodiments, the vessel 1 is another type of cargo ship, such as a tanker, dry bulk carrier, or reefer ship, or a passenger ship, or any other vessel, such as a tugboat.

[0043] The vessel 1 comprises an energy storage system 100, a first system 10, and a second system 20. The energy storage system 100 is configured to receive and store thermal energy from the first system 10 and to supply the stored thermal energy to the second system 20. The vessel 1 further comprises a hull 2. The hull 2 ​​comprises the energy storage system 100. The energy storage system 100 is disposed in an engine room of the vessel 1, but in other embodiments may be disposed in any suitable location within the hull 2, or elsewhere within the vessel 1.

[0044] In the example shown, the first system 10 comprises a boiler configured to extract heat from the exhaust gases of an engine of the vessel 1. The first system has a first fluid, in this example specifically water, configured such that the water is heated in the boiler by the exhaust gases from the engine. In this example, the heated water is converted into steam and then sent to the energy storage system 100. The steam can be unsaturated (wet) steam, saturated (dry) steam or superheated steam. In this way, thermal energy from the first system 10, in particular from the boiler, is transferred via the first fluid to the energy storage system 100 and stored therein.

[0045] In the embodiment shown, the second system 20 comprises a heater configured to heat fuel stored in a fuel storage tank of the vessel. The second system comprises a second fluid, in this embodiment specifically water, configured such that the water is heated by thermal energy stored in the energy storage system 100. In this way, the thermal energy stored in the energy storage system 100 is transferred via the second fluid to the second system, specifically to the heater.

[0046] The first system 10 and the second system 20 include respective first and second fluid pumps (not shown) that pump the respective first and second fluids into and out of the energy storage system 100. In other embodiments, the first and / or second fluid pumps are included in the energy storage system 100.

[0047] As described in more detail below, the first and second systems are in fluid communication with the energy storage device 110 of the energy storage system 100 in the respective first and second loops. In this manner, the first fluid flows from the first system to the energy storage device and back to the first system. In other embodiments, the first fluid flows from the first system to the energy storage device and then flows to another system of the vessel, such as the second system, a heating system, or another energy storage system, or is provided to a drainage facility. Similarly, in the embodiment shown, the fluid flows from the second system to the energy storage system and back to the second system. In other embodiments, the second fluid is received from another system of the vessel, such as from the first system, from another energy storage system, or from any other suitable source.

[0048] In some embodiments, the energy storage system 100 is configured to store thermal energy from the first system while the vessel is underway, such as when the engines are in use. In some embodiments, the energy storage system 100 is configured to provide stored thermal energy to the second system 20 when the vessel 10 is docked, such as while in port. That is, the energy storage system 100 may store waste heat generated while underway for use while in port. In this manner, the vessel 10 may consume less fuel and / or emit less exhaust gases than if the vessel 10 were to otherwise provide thermal energy to the system 20, such as by running an engine while in port or by connecting the vessel to an external power source.

[0049] It will be appreciated that in other embodiments, the first system 10 comprises any other suitable heat source and the second system 20 comprises any suitable heat sink. In some embodiments, the first system comprises an engine cooling system, such as an engine air cooler or an intercooler. In some embodiments, the second system comprises a vessel accommodation load, such as a heating system for heating one or more crew accommodations on the vessel.

[0050] 2, there is shown a first embodiment of an energy storage system 100. A second embodiment of an energy storage system 100 is shown and described below with reference to FIG.

[0051] The energy storage system 100 of this example includes an energy storage device 110, as briefly mentioned above. The energy storage device 110 includes a housing 111, a chamber 112 within the housing 111, and a phase change material 140 within the chamber 112. In this example, the phase change material 140 is encapsulated within a number of phase change capsules 141. The multiple phase change capsules 141 are disposed within the chamber 112 and define a number of fluid flow paths 113 between the phase change capsules 141. In this manner, fluid flowing through the chamber 112 can flow along the multiple fluid flow paths 113. In other examples, the phase change material 140 can be provided within the housing 111 in a different manner or form.

[0052] The energy storage device 110 includes a first fluid inlet 120a and a second fluid inlet 130a into the housing 111. The first fluid inlet 120a is configured to receive a first fluid from the first system 10 into the housing 111, and the second fluid inlet 130a is configured to receive a second fluid from the second system 20 into the housing 111. In this embodiment, specifically, the first fluid inlet 120a and the second fluid inlet 130a each open into the chamber 112. More specifically, the energy storage system 100 includes a first fluid inlet valve 121a and a second fluid inlet valve 131a that selectively fluidly couple the first fluid inlet 120a and the second fluid inlet 130a, respectively, to the chamber 112.

[0053] In some embodiments, the energy storage system 100 includes a controller 200 communicatively coupled to the energy storage system 100, such as the energy storage device 110 or a component of the energy storage system 100. The controller 200 is operable, by a user or automatically, for example, based on one or more criteria being met, to cause the first and second fluid inlet valves 121a and 131a to selectively open and close the first and second fluid inlets 120a and 130a, respectively. In some embodiments, the one or more criteria include any one or more of the following: a state of the vessel 1, such as whether the vessel 1 is underway or stationary; a temperature of the fluid and / or phase change material 140 in the energy storage device 110; a temperature of the first fluid received from the first system 10; and a current and / or desired temperature of the second fluid to be provided from the energy storage device 110 to the second system 20.

[0054] The energy storage device 110 also includes a first fluid outlet 120b and a second fluid outlet 130b. The first fluid outlet 120b is configured to route a first fluid from the energy storage device 110 to the first system 10, and the second fluid outlet 130b is configured to route a second fluid from the energy storage device 110 to the second system 20. In this embodiment, the energy storage system 100 includes a first fluid outlet valve 121b and a second fluid outlet valve 131b that are operable to selectively open and close the first fluid outlet 120b and the second fluid outlet 130b. In this embodiment, the first fluid outlet valve 121b and the second fluid outlet valve 131b are opened and closed by the controller 200 as described above with respect to the first fluid inlet valve 121a and the second fluid inlet valve 131a.

[0055] In other embodiments, the first fluid inlet valve 121 a, the first fluid outlet valve 121 b, the second fluid inlet valve 131 a, and / or the second fluid outlet valve 131 b are not present. In some such embodiments, the first fluid inlet 121 a and the second fluid inlet 131 a and the first fluid outlet 121 b and the second fluid outlet 131 b remain fluidly connected to the chamber 112 at all times or are selectively fluidly connectable to the chamber 112 in any other manner.

[0056] In this embodiment, the energy storage device 110 is configurable into a first configuration in which the first fluid inlet 120a and the first fluid outlet 120b are each fluidly coupled to the chamber 112, and the second fluid inlet 130a and the second fluid outlet 130b are each fluidly isolated from the chamber 112. Thus, in the first configuration, a first fluid can flow from the first fluid inlet 120a to the first fluid outlet 120b through the fluid flow passage 113 between the phase change capsules 141 in the chamber 112. When the energy storage device 110 is in the first configuration, a second fluid cannot flow through the chamber 112 from the second fluid inlet 130a to the second fluid outlet 130b.

[0057] The energy storage device 110 can also be configured in a second configuration in which the second fluid inlet 130a and the second fluid outlet 130b are each fluidly coupled to the chamber 112, and the first fluid inlet 120a and the first fluid outlet 120b are each fluidly isolated from the chamber 112. Thus, in the second configuration, the second fluid can flow through the fluid flow passage 113 between the phase change capsules 141 in the chamber 112 from the second fluid inlet 130a to the second fluid outlet 130b. When the energy storage device 110 is in the second configuration, the first fluid cannot flow through the chamber 112 from the first fluid inlet 120a to the first fluid outlet 120b.

[0058] In the first and second configurations, in use, the respective first and second fluids can traverse between the phase change capsules 141 to exchange thermal energy between the respective first and second fluids and the phase change material 140. In the embodiment shown, the energy storage device 110 can be separately configured in the first and second configurations to reduce or eliminate mixing of the first and second fluids. In other embodiments, the first and second fluids can mix in the housing 111, for example in the chamber 112.

[0059] Each of the phase change capsules 141 includes a phase change material 140 encapsulated by a heat exchange interface 142. In this way, a larger surface area of ​​the phase change material may be in (indirect) contact with the first and second fluids, thereby improving heat transfer properties. Furthermore, there may be no or reduced contamination of the phase change material 140 by the first and second fluids and / or reduced contamination of the first and second fluids by the phase change material 140.

[0060] In the illustrated embodiment, the phase change material 140 is encapsulated within a spherical heat exchange interface 142 to form a spherical phase change capsule 141 containing the phase change material 140. In some embodiments, the spherical phase change capsule 141 is formed by encapsulating the phase change material 140 between two hemispherical shells that define the heat exchange interface 142. The hemispherical shells may be crimped, welded, bonded, fastened, or held together in any other suitable manner to contain the phase change material 140 within the phase change capsule 141. In some embodiments, the phase change capsule 140 is sealed such that the phase change material 140 is inaccessible and / or incompatible with the first and second fluids during use. In other embodiments, the phase change capsule 141 is not sealed.

[0061] In other embodiments, the phase change material is encapsulated within a cylindrical heat exchange interface 142 to form a cylindrical phase change capsule 141. In other embodiments, the phase change capsule 141 is any other suitable shape, such as a disk, a torus, an ellipse, or a multi-sided shape. In other embodiments, the phase change capsule 141 does not have a separate heat exchange interface with the phase change material. That is, in some embodiments, the first fluid and the second fluid may be in direct contact with the phase change material during use.

[0062] The phase change material of this embodiment has a melting temperature above 0°C (zero degrees Celsius) at atmospheric pressure. That is, in this embodiment, the phase change material is neither water nor water mixed with an antifreeze. More specifically, the phase change material of this embodiment has a melting temperature above 80°C, for example, 80°C to 125°C, at atmospheric pressure.

[0063] In this embodiment, the first fluid is steam and the second fluid is water. The steam is supplied to the energy storage device 110 from a first system 10, which in this embodiment includes a boiler, at a temperature above 125°C, for example 130°C to 150°C. In the first configuration, as the steam flows through the energy storage device 110, it enters the housing 111 via the first fluid inlet 120a and supplies thermal energy to the phase change material 140. The phase change material 140, which has a melting point lower than that of the first fluid, undergoes a phase change from solid to liquid upon receiving thermal energy from the first fluid. In other words, the phase change material 140 stores the thermal energy from the first fluid in the form of latent heat. In other embodiments, the phase change material is in a liquid or solid phase, and the heat received from the first fluid causes the phase change material to increase in temperature without undergoing a phase change.

[0064] The first fluid exits the housing 111 via first fluid outlet 120b at a lower temperature than when it entered the housing 111. It will be appreciated that the temperature of the first fluid exiting the housing 111 depends on a number of factors, including the amount of heat stored as latent heat in the phase change material 140, the amount of phase change material 140 in the chamber 112, and the flow rate of the first fluid through the chamber 112. In some embodiments, the steam condenses within the housing 111 and exits the housing 111 as water or saturated steam.

[0065] The second fluid, water, is supplied to the energy storage device 110 from a second system 20, here comprising a fuel storage tank heater, at a temperature below 80°C, for example between 50°C and 80°C. In the second configuration, the water enters the housing 111 via the second fluid inlet 130a and receives thermal energy stored in the phase change material 140. The phase change material 140, having a melting point higher than that of the second fluid, undergoes a phase change from liquid to solid upon supply of thermal energy to the second fluid. In other embodiments, the phase change material is in a liquid or solid phase, and heat supplied from the phase change material to the second fluid causes the phase change material to decrease in temperature without undergoing a phase change.

[0066] The second fluid exits the housing 111 via the second fluid outlet 130b at a higher temperature than when it entered the housing 111. In this embodiment, the second fluid exits the housing at a temperature greater than 85° C., such as greater than 90° C., to heat the fuel stored in the fuel storage tank. However, it will be appreciated that the temperature of the second fluid exiting the housing 111 depends on a number of factors, including the amount of heat stored as latent heat in the phase change material 140, the amount of phase change material 140 in the chamber 112, and the flow rate of the second fluid through the chamber 112, as discussed above.

[0067] In other embodiments, steam and water (or other first and second fluids) are supplied to and received from the energy storage device 110 at any other suitable temperature depending on the particular application. In any case, it will be understood that the phase change material is any suitable material having a melting temperature between the respective melting temperatures of the first and second fluids supplied to the energy storage device 110. Thus, the phase change material may change phase from a solid phase to a liquid phase in the presence of the first fluid received from the first system 10, thereby storing energy from the first fluid in the form of latent heat. The phase change material may then change phase from a liquid phase to a solid phase in the presence of the second fluid, thereby releasing the stored latent heat to the second fluid supplied to the second system 20. In some embodiments, the phase change material 140 may receive thermal energy from the first fluid without a phase change and provide thermal energy to the second fluid without a phase change.

[0068] In the illustrated embodiment, the energy storage system 100 includes a second fluid bypass conduit 160 and a second fluid bypass valve 161, which here is a three-way valve through which the second fluid can flow. The second fluid bypass valve 161 is operable to allow some or all of the second fluid to bypass the chamber 112, the housing 111, and / or the energy storage device 110 via the second fluid bypass conduit 160. In this way, the second fluid may circulate in the second system 20 without being heated by heat stored in the energy storage device 110. In another embodiment, the second fluid exiting the housing 111 via the second fluid outlet 130b may be mixed with the second fluid provided from the second system 20 via the second fluid bypass valve 161. This allows for more precise control of the temperature of the second fluid provided from the energy storage system 100 to the second system 20. In other embodiments, the second fluid bypass conduit 160 and the second fluid bypass valve 161 may be omitted.

[0069] The energy storage system 100 further comprises a first fluid supply valve 123 for controlling the first fluid exiting the housing 111. For example, the first fluid supply valve 123 may be closed to contain the vapor within the housing 111 and in contact with the phase change material 140 for a longer period of time. This may allow more heat to be transferred from the vapor or other first fluid in the first configuration and stored in the phase change material 140. The first fluid supply valve 123 may then be opened to allow the vapor to exit the housing 111. In some embodiments, the first fluid supply valve 123 is operable by the controller 200. In other embodiments, the first fluid outlet valve 121b comprises the first fluid supply valve 123.

[0070] At any given time, a temperature gradient may exist in the phase change material and / or the first and / or second fluids present in the energy storage device 110. In particular, a higher temperature may exist in the upper portion 110a of the energy storage device 110 than in the lower portion 110b of the energy storage device 110. Thus, the energy storage device includes a recirculation conduit 170 and a recirculation pump 171 that transport water or steam, which may be at a temperature of 90° C. to 150° C. within the energy storage device 110, from the upper portion 110a to the lower portion 110b. In this manner, the recirculation conduit 170 and the recirculation pump 171 may reduce the temperature difference between the upper portion 110a and the lower portion 110b of the energy storage device in use. In other embodiments, the recirculation conduit 170 and the recirculation pump 171 may be omitted.

[0071] 2 includes a pressure relief valve 150 for controlling pressure within the housing 111 and / or chamber 112. In other embodiments, the pressure relief valve 150 may be omitted. The energy storage device 110 also includes a void fraction to allow for thermal expansion of a phase change material 140, such as a phase change capsule 141, or the first and / or second fluid within the housing 111. The void fraction may be separated from the chamber 112 by a membrane or other suitable separator.

[0072] Briefly referring to Figures 3a and 3b, two alternative embodiments of an energy storage device 110 are shown and described, with like components being given like numerals. The embodiment shown in Figure 3a differs from the embodiment shown in Figure 2 in that the phase change material 140 of the energy storage device of Figure 3a is not encapsulated. That is, the phase change material 140 is provided within the housing 111 as a block of phase change material 140. In this embodiment, there is no chamber 112, nor a fluid flow path 113 between the phase change capsules 141. Instead, a first fluid is received from the first system 10 via a first fluid inlet 120a and delivered to a first fluid outlet 120b via a first fluid conduit 122 that passes through the phase change material 140 in a circuitous path. Similarly, a second fluid is received from the second system 20 via a second fluid inlet 130a and directed to a second fluid outlet 130b via a second fluid conduit 132 that passes in a circuitous path through the phase change material 140.

[0073] As discussed above with reference to the phase change capsule 141 of Figure 2, it will be appreciated that the first and second fluid conduits 122, 132 may have any suitable heat exchange interface between the phase change material and the respective first and second fluids flowable through the first and second fluid conduits 122, 132. In the embodiment shown in Figure 3a, the phase change material 140 may be subject to a "candlelight effect" such that when a first fluid passes through the first fluid conduit, only the phase change material 140 proximal to the first fluid conduit 122 melts. Similarly, when a second fluid passes through the second fluid conduit 132, only the phase change material 140 proximal to the second fluid conduit 132 may solidify. Providing additional first and second fluid conduits 122, 132 fluidly coupled between the first and second fluid inlets 120a, 120b and the second and third fluid outlets 130a, 130b, respectively, by, for example, respective headers (not shown), may provide improved heat transfer characteristics between the first and second fluids and the phase change material 140. Alternatively or additionally, more efficient heat transfer characteristics may be achieved by providing the first and second fluid conduits 122, 132 with a more tortuous path through the phase change material 140. However, such an embodiment may result in an increased pressure drop across the energy storage device 110, and thus may require larger pumps to pump the first and second fluids.

[0074] 3b illustrates another alternative energy storage device 110, where a housing 111 includes multiple fluid flow paths 122, 132 or chambers 122, 132 separated by columns of phase change material 140. Specifically, the energy storage device 110 comprises multiple parallel first fluid flow paths 122 configured to route a first fluid from a first fluid inlet 120a to a first fluid outlet 120b, and multiple parallel second fluid flow paths 132 configured to route a second fluid from a second fluid inlet 130a to a second fluid outlet 130b. The phase change material 140 within each column is separated from the first fluid passages 122 and the second fluid passages 132 by a heat exchange interface 142, as previously described.

[0075] 3a and 3b, the first and second fluids are immiscible within the energy storage device 110. In either case, the first and second fluids may pass through the energy storage device 110 simultaneously, which may allow for more direct heat transfer from the first fluid to the second fluid through the phase change material 140. Other types of energy storage devices 110 in addition to those presented herein will be apparent to those of skill in the art.

[0076] 4, an alternative energy storage system 100 is shown and described. The energy storage system 100 includes an energy storage device 110, which may be any of the energy storage devices 110 shown and described above with reference to any one of Figures 2-3b, or any other suitable energy storage device having a phase change material 140. However, in Figure 4, the energy storage device 110 has a single energy storage device inlet 114a and a single energy storage device outlet 114b, which allow fluid to flow into and out of the housing 111, respectively.

[0077] In contrast to the energy storage system 100 of FIG. 2, the energy storage system 100 of FIG. 4 is configured to indirectly transfer thermal energy between the first and second systems 10 and 20 and the phase change material 140 in the energy storage device 110 via a third fluid. Specifically, the energy storage system 100 comprises a first heat exchanger 180, a second heat exchanger 190, and a fluid conduit 115. The first and second heat exchangers 180 and 190 are any suitable fluid-to-fluid heat exchangers. The energy storage system 100 also comprises a fluid loop, which includes the fluid conduit 115, the energy storage device 110, the first and second heat exchangers 180 and 190, and a third fluid pump 117 that pumps the third fluid around the fluid loop.

[0078] The first heat exchanger 180 comprises a first fluid inlet 120a and a first fluid outlet 120b of the energy storage system 100 for receiving and supplying the first fluid from and to the first system 10, respectively. The first heat exchanger 180 comprises a first heat exchanger flow path 183 for directing the first fluid through the first heat exchanger 180 from the first fluid inlet 120a to the first fluid outlet 120b. The first heat exchanger 180 also comprises a first heat exchanger inlet 181a for receiving a third fluid into the first heat exchanger 180 from the third fluid pump 117, a first heat exchanger outlet 181b for supplying the third fluid from the first heat exchanger 180 to the energy storage device 110, and a first heat exchanger loop conduit 182 for routing the third fluid in the fluid loop from the first heat exchanger inlet 181a to the first heat exchanger outlet 181b. In this manner, the first heat exchanger 180 is configured to transfer thermal energy between the first fluid in the first heat exchanger flow path 183 and the third fluid in the first heat exchanger loop conduit 182.

[0079] Similarly, the second heat exchanger 190 includes a second fluid inlet 130a and a second fluid outlet 130b of the energy storage system 100 for receiving and supplying the second fluid from and to the second system 20, respectively. The second heat exchanger 190 includes a second heat exchanger flow path 193 for directing the second fluid through the second heat exchanger 190 from the second fluid inlet 130a to the second fluid outlet 130b. The second heat exchanger 190 also comprises a second heat exchanger inlet 191a for receiving a third fluid from the energy storage device 110 into the second heat exchanger 190, a second heat exchanger outlet 191b for supplying the third fluid from the second heat exchanger 190 to the third fluid pump 117, and a second heat exchanger loop conduit 192 for routing the third fluid in the fluid loop from the second heat exchanger inlet 191a to the second heat exchanger outlet 191b. In this manner, the second heat exchanger 190 is configured to transfer thermal energy between the third fluid in the second heat exchanger loop conduit 192 and the second fluid in the second heat exchanger flow path 193.

[0080] In this manner, the third fluid transfers thermal energy from the first fluid received through the first heat exchanger 180 to the energy storage device 110. The energy storage device 110 receives and stores energy from the third fluid. The third fluid then passes through the second heat exchanger 190 where it transfers its heat to the second fluid in the second heat exchanger 190.

[0081] The energy storage system 100 includes a fluid loop bypass valve 116 for allowing the third fluid to bypass the first heat exchanger 180. In this manner, the energy storage system can be configured in a storage configuration in which the fluid loop bypass valve 116 is closed and the energy storage device 110 receives and stores heat from the first system 10 via the first heat exchanger 180. In the storage configuration, the third fluid can also provide residual heat of the fluid to the second system 20 after passing through the energy storage device 110 to heat fuel in a fuel storage tank, for example, during a voyage. The energy storage system 100 can also be configured in a supply configuration in which the fluid loop bypass valve 116 is open and the third fluid passes through the fluid loop without receiving heat from the first system 10 via the first heat exchanger 180. That is, in the supply configuration, the energy storage system is configured to provide heat stored in the energy storage device 110 to the second system 20, for example, during a port stay.

[0082] It will be appreciated that in some embodiments, the energy storage system 100 includes a second fluid loop bypass valve (not shown) for allowing the third fluid to bypass the second heat exchanger 190. Additionally, in some embodiments, the third fluid pump 117 may be located elsewhere in the fluid loop and / or the third fluid may be pumped around the fluid loop in the reverse direction. In some embodiments, the third fluid is maintained at a pressure between 3 bar and 5 bar. In other embodiments, the third fluid pressure is outside of this range.

[0083] 5 illustrates an exemplary method 500 for handling energy within a vessel 1. The method 500 includes storing 510 thermal energy from a first fluid received from a first system 10 of the vessel 1 in a phase change material 140. The method 500 further includes providing 520 the thermal energy stored in the phase change material 140 to a second fluid delivered to a second system 20 of the vessel 1.

[0084] The method 500 of the illustrated embodiment also includes receiving 505 the first fluid from a first system of the vessel and supplying 515 a second fluid, heated by the thermal energy stored in the phase change material 140, to a second system of the vessel. In some embodiments, the method 500 is performed by any one of the energy storage systems 100 described herein. Thus, in some embodiments, the method 500 includes any of the actions performed by any one of the energy storage systems 100 and / or energy storage devices 110 described herein.

[0085] It will be appreciated that the phase change material 140 in any of the embodiments described herein may be any suitable phase change material 140. In some embodiments, the phase change material 140 is an organic phase change material 140, for example including either a paraffinic or non-paraffinic compound. In other embodiments, the phase change material 140 is an inorganic phase change material 140, for example including a salt hydrate or a metal compound. In some embodiments, the phase change material 140 is a eutectic phase change material 140 that has a melting point lower than the melting points of each of the constituent parts of the phase change material 140. In some embodiments, the eutectic phase change material is a combination of two or more organic phase change materials, a combination of two or more inorganic phase change materials, or a combination of an inorganic phase change material and an organic phase change material.

[0086] In some embodiments, the energy storage device 110 of any one of the embodiments described herein comprises a composite material including a phase change material 140. In some such embodiments, the composite material comprises a support structure that houses the phase change material 140. In some embodiments, the support structure comprises a heat exchange interface 142 for exchanging heat between the phase change material 140 and the first fluid, the second fluid, and / or the third fluid. In other embodiments, the composite material is a shape-stable composite material that includes the phase change material 140. In some such embodiments, the first fluid, the second fluid, and / or the third fluid may pass through the housing 111 in direct contact with the shape-stable composite material.

[0087] 2, the housing 111 is shown to be generally cylindrical in shape, it will be understood that in other embodiments the housing 111 may be any other suitable shape. Similarly, the first and second heat exchangers 180, 190 may be any suitable shape, and the first and second heat exchanger loop conduits 182, 192 and the first and second heat exchanger flow paths 183, 193 may have any suitable paths through the respective first and second heat exchangers 180, 190.

[0088] The embodiments of the present invention have been discussed with particular reference to the illustrated examples. It will be understood, however, that variations and modifications may be made to the described examples within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. For example, it will be understood that two or more of the above-described examples may be combined, and that in some examples, features of one example may be combined with features of one or more other examples.

Claims

1. 1. A ship energy storage system comprising: a first fluid inlet for receiving a first fluid from a first system of the vessel; a second fluid outlet for supplying a second fluid to a second system of the vessel; a phase change material having a melting temperature above 0° C. at atmospheric pressure, the phase change material for receiving and storing thermal energy from the first fluid received from the first system via the first fluid inlet and for providing the thermal energy to the second fluid provided to the second system via the second fluid outlet; An energy storage system comprising:

2. 10. The energy storage system of claim 1, comprising a first fluid inlet valve for selectively opening and closing the first fluid inlet and a second fluid outlet valve for selectively opening and closing the second fluid outlet.

3. The energy storage system includes: a first configuration in which the first fluid inlet is open and the second fluid outlet is closed; a second configuration in which the second fluid outlet is open and the first fluid inlet is closed; and 3. The energy storage system of claim 2 .

4. 4. The energy storage system of claim 1, further comprising a chamber, and wherein the first fluid inlet and the second fluid outlet are in or are fluidly connectable to the chamber.

5. 4. The energy storage system of claim 1, further comprising a conduit through which a third fluid can flow to transfer thermal energy between the phase change material and one or both of the first fluid and the second fluid.

6. a first heat exchanger including the first fluid inlet; a second heat exchanger including the second fluid inlet; and a fluid loop including the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, and the conduit; 6. The energy storage system of claim 5, comprising:

7. 7. The energy storage system of claim 6, further comprising a fluid loop bypass valve for allowing the third fluid to bypass the first heat exchanger, wherein when the fluid loop bypass valve is in an open state, the third fluid passes through the fluid loop without receiving heat from the first system via the first heat exchanger.

8. 4. The energy storage system of claim 1, further comprising a phase change capsule, the phase change capsule including the phase change material and a heat exchange interface that encapsulates the phase change material.

9. 1. An energy storage device for a marine vessel, comprising: A housing and a first fluid inlet for receiving a first fluid into the enclosure from a first system of the vessel; a second fluid outlet for supplying a second fluid from the housing to a second system of the vessel; a phase change material within the housing for receiving and storing thermal energy from the first fluid received within the housing via the first fluid inlet and for providing the thermal energy to the second fluid provided from the housing via the second fluid outlet to the second system of the vessel; An energy storage device comprising:

10. 10. The energy storage device of claim 9, comprising a second fluid inlet for receiving the second fluid into the enclosure from the second system of the vessel.

11. 11. The energy storage device of claim 9 or 10, comprising a first fluid outlet for supplying the first fluid from the housing to the first system of the vessel.

12. 10. A hull of a watercraft, comprising at least one energy storage system according to claim 1 or at least one energy storage device according to claim 9.

13. A vessel hull as claimed in claim 12, an energy storage system as claimed in claim 1, or an energy storage device as claimed in claim 9; the first system and the second system; A vessel comprising:

14. 1. A method for handling energy on board a vessel, comprising: storing thermal energy from a first fluid received from a first system of the vessel in a phase change material having a melting temperature above 0° C. at atmospheric pressure; providing the thermal energy stored in the phase change material to a second fluid delivered to a second system of the marine vessel; A method comprising:

15. receiving the first fluid from the first system of the marine vessel into an enclosure in which the phase change material resides; storing the thermal energy from the first fluid in the phase change material; after the supplying, supplying the second fluid from the housing to the second system of the marine vessel; 15. The method of claim 14, comprising:

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