Compositions Comprising Potassium Bicarbonate and Their Use for Treating and / or Protecting Agricultural Crops

Abstract

The present invention relates to novel compositions comprising potassium bicarbonate and at least one excipient selected from anionic surfactants belonging to the taurate family, the excipient being preferably a phytosanitarily acceptable excipient and / or preferably an essentially biological excipient. The present invention also relates to the use of such compositions for treating and / or protecting agricultural crops, preferably vines, cucurbits, solanaceae (preferably potato) and any combination thereof; more preferably vines, and to methods of using such compositions. The present invention further relates to a method for protecting and / or treating agricultural crops, comprising applying such compositions to the agricultural crops to be protected and / or treated, the agricultural crops being preferably vines, cucurbits, solanaceae (preferably potato) and any combination thereof; more preferably vines.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to the phytosanitary field. It concerns a composition comprising potassium bicarbonate and at least one excipient selected from anionic surfactants belonging to the taurate family, the excipient being preferably phytosanitarily acceptable and / or preferably essentially biological. The composition is preferably in solid form. The present invention also relates to the use of said composition and to a method comprising the use of said composition for treating and / or protecting agricultural crops, preferably vines, cucurbits and solanaceae. [Background technology]

[0002] Phytopathogenic fungi are the main cause of plant diseases. In particular, they are responsible for approximately 70% of agricultural crop diseases, of which 25% are caused by mold-type plant pathogens. Annual economic losses due to mycoses in pre- and post-harvest agriculture were estimated to exceed 200 billion euros per year in 2003 worldwide. Controlling phytopathogenic fungi is therefore of great economic importance.

[0003] As a result, a wide variety of antifungal products have been developed and are available on the market.

[0004] However, most of these products are not harmless to the environment and contain contaminants that are permanently mixed into the soil. Some products have therefore been developed for use in organic farming. For example, sulfur- and copper-based products have been approved for the control of powdery and downy mildew on vines, respectively, in organic farming. However, these substances are difficult to remove from the soil and can be harmful (especially in high concentrations). As a result, the soil gradually becomes contaminated and contaminated, treatment after treatment, year after year. Furthermore, the methods used to obtain these substances (such as copper extraction) generally require the use of toxic products and the generation of by-products that are harmful to the environment and can hardly be recovered. Furthermore, due to all these harmful effects on the environment, these substances can cause problems if they are to be approved for use in organic farming. For example, copper and its use status are regularly reviewed at European level, and copper may be used at a maximum of 6 kg / ha / year until 2018 and 4 kg / ha / year from 2019. It is therefore of strategic, economic and environmental importance for producers to have alternative solutions to combat plant pathogens such as those mentioned above, which can be obtained by using production methods that are less harmful to the environment and which are still effective while better adapting to the ever-increasing demand for organic products.

[0005] Thus, there is a real need to reduce the impact of antifungal products on the environment by using raw materials and / or substances that can be obtained by biological methods (i.e. biological raw materials and / or substances). Indeed, such production methods are less polluting than chemical ones (particularly less polluting than petrochemical and carbon-chemical methods), the substances thus produced have little or no environmental toxicity or harmfulness, and are also easily biodegradable. In this context, potassium bicarbonate is a 100% biological, biodegradable and environmentally harmless compound. Several studies have shown that this compound has antifungal effects.

[0006] For example, WO 96 / 00705 describes a formulation comprising sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, Neodol® (Shell, The Netherlands), kaolin, and magnesium oxide that may be effective in treating vine wilt, powdery mildew, and downy mildew.

[0007] WO 95 / 12975 describes a formulation comprising potassium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium oleate, potassium octanoate, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and potassium polyacrylate as effective in treating vine wilt.

[0008] WO 94 / 18831 describes a formulation comprising sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium oleate, potassium octanoate, guar gum, and BHT as effective for treating downy mildew on vines.

[0009] However, these various compositions include non-biological, chemically derived compounds (specifically, petrochemicals or carbon chemicals using synthetic methods that have a highly detrimental impact on the environment) that are environmentally hazardous and non-biodegradable or whose decomposition by-products are environmentally hazardous and non-biodegradable, such as Neodol®, magnesium oxide, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) or potassium polycrylate.

[0010] However, these various compositions include non-biological, chemically derived compounds (specifically, petrochemicals or carbon chemicals using synthetic methods that have a highly detrimental impact on the environment) that are environmentally hazardous and non-biodegradable or whose decomposition by-products are environmentally hazardous and non-biodegradable, such as Neodol®, magnesium oxide, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), or potassium polycrylate.

[0011] In addition, aqueous solutions of potassium bicarbonate, without the use of an excipient, have poor adhesion and spreading properties to the treated plants, particularly to the feet of vines (particularly to the leaves of vines), and these solutions are easily leached by adverse weather conditions (especially rainwater) as they pass through the treated field.

[0012] Thus, there remains a real need for new compositions that effectively prevent and / or treat phytopathogenic fungi, with optimized antifungal activity, improved adhesion, spreading, resistance to washout (leaching) and increased leaf life on the leaves of the crops to be treated, in particular vines, cucumbers and solanaceae, while at the same time being suitable for use in organic farming, in particular organic viticulture, and highly tolerated by the crops to be treated.

[0013] The present invention meets this need. The inventors have developed a new composition, which may be biobased (biogenic) and biodegradable, comprising potassium bicarbonate and at least one excipient selected from anionic surfactants belonging to the taurate family, which may be essentially biobased and / or essentially biodegradable and / or essentially of natural origin and / or may be accompanied by a precautionary statement of low concern. The inventors have unexpectedly shown that this new composition is particularly stable in solid form. The inventors have further unexpectedly demonstrated that this composition allows for highly effective protection and / or treatment of crops against phytopathogenic fungi, in particular powdery mildew, downy mildew and blight on lianas and / or cucurbits and / or Solanaceae. In particular, the inventors have shown that such a composition has a significant antifungal effect and is capable of strongly inhibiting the growth of the causative fungus of downy mildew on lianas and / or cucurbits and / or Solanaceae. This new composition exhibits significant improvements in adhesion, spreading, leaching resistance (rain resistance), and leaf longevity characteristics on climbing plants, cucurbits, and solanaceae.

[0014] What makes this formulation even more interesting is that the active ingredient, potassium bicarbonate, can be 100% biological, specifically derived from carbon dioxide, a by-product of alcoholic fermentation, thereby making the most of the gases evolved during alcoholic fermentation and limiting the release of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that is harmful to the ozone layer.

[0015] This is a novel combination of potassium bicarbonate with at least one anionic surfactant belonging to the taurate family, which may be biobased and / or biodegradable and / or natural and / or may be accompanied by a precautionary statement of low concern, which not only improves the spreading and fixation of the active ingredient on the crop, but also improves the stability of the composition in solid form for long-term storage prior to use. This novel combination retards the evaporation of water, thereby retarding leaching by rainwater, improving the dispersibility of the product on the leaves and the quality of the contact film formed on the leaves by the various co-formulants. This formulation also improves the cold resistance of the composition. The data also show that the presence of at least one additional excipient selected from anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, and clays further enhances the antifungal efficacy of the composition. The inventors have also demonstrated a long-lasting leaching (rain resistance) protection effect. As a result, the frequency of treatment applications can be kept to a minimum, limiting costs and environmental impact. In addition, data indicates that these compositions do not exhibit any phytotoxicity to agricultural crops.

[0016] The preparations can be in solid form, such as powders, tablets, granules, etc., while maintaining these different properties. In fact, the presence of at least one anionic surfactant belonging to the taurate family significantly increases the stability of the composition in solid form for long-term storage prior to use. Granules are a particularly advantageous form, being less volatile than powders and more storable and durable than liquid compositions. However, no product is currently available for sale to professionals in the wine-growing and agricultural fields in granular form. Summary of the Invention

[0017] In the context of the present invention, the inventors have demonstrated, very surprisingly, that agricultural crops, in particular lianas, cucurbits and solanaceae, can be protected and / or treated with a highly effective and long-lasting leaching protection effect by a composition comprising potassium bicarbonate, at least one excipient selected from anionic surfactants belonging to the taurate family, and optionally at least one additional excipient selected from surfactants (particularly surfactants selected from anionic polyelectrolyte polymers, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants), and optionally at least one additional excipient selected from clays. In this way, the frequency of treatment applications can be reduced to a minimum, limiting costs and environmental impact. In particular, the inventors have shown that such a composition has a significant antifungal effect. These results are surprising, since such a combination was not known to have an antifungal effect, much less an effect in protecting or treating agricultural crops. The data also show that such a composition has little or no phytotoxicity for agricultural crops.

[0018] The present invention therefore relates to new compositions comprising potassium bicarbonate and at least one excipient selected from the anionic surfactants belonging to the taurate family, preferably a phytosanitarily acceptable excipient, and / or preferably an essentially biological excipient, and / or preferably an essentially biodegradable excipient, and / or preferably an essentially naturally occurring excipient. Alternatively or additionally, the excipient is accompanied by a precautionary statement of low concern.

[0019] The data further show that the presence of at least one additional excipient selected from anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, and clays further enhances the antifungal efficacy of the composition. Thus, the present invention relates to a composition comprising potassium bicarbonate and at least one additional excipient selected from anionic surfactants belonging to the taurate family, which allows the at least one additional excipient selected from anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, and clays to further enhance the antifungal efficacy of the composition; said excipient is preferably a phytosanitarily acceptable excipient, and / or preferably an essentially biological excipient, and / or preferably an essentially biodegradable excipient, and / or preferably an essentially naturally occurring excipient. Alternatively or in addition, the excipient is accompanied by a precautionary statement of low concern.

[0020] The inventors have also shown that the composition can be in solid form and is particularly stable in this form, suitable for medium to long term storage.The present invention therefore relates to a composition as defined above in solid form, preferably in the form of a powder, tablet, granules or any combination thereof.

[0021] The present invention also relates to the use of such compositions and methods comprising the use of such compositions for the treatment and / or protection of agricultural crops and / or the suppression of pathogenic fungi and / or mycoses on agricultural crops, the agricultural crops being preferably lianas, cucurbits, solanaceae or any combination thereof, most preferably lianas.

[0022] The present invention further relates to a method for protecting and / or treating crops, as well as a method for controlling pathogenic fungi and / or mycoses on crops, comprising applying said composition to the crops to be protected and / or treated, the crops being preferably vines, cucurbits, solanaceae or any combination thereof, preferably vines.

[0023] definition By "plants" is intended an organism belonging to the kingdom Plantae. The kingdom Plantae includes lineages that grow like plants, i.e. breathe, feed and grow like plants, according to conventional scientific classification. The kingdom Plantae is a polyphyletic collection of photosynthetic organisms with cellulose walls. The term Plantae refers to both land plants (or Chlorophytes) and green algae, constituting the Chlorobiont taxa as well as the red algae, brown algae. Thus, the plant group comprises the algae and a second lineage of plants (particularly land plants), including the bryophytes (mosses and liverworts), ferns (ferns), gymnosperms and angiosperms. Advantageously, vegetables are plants.

[0024] By "phytosanitary" is meant the care / treatment of plants and higher fungi (or macroscopic fungi), in particular plants (or plant organisms) and fungi cultivated by man (plants / fungi not cultivated by man, so-called wild and / or endemic, may also be relevant for phytosanitary care / treatment, e.g. for environmental / conservation reasons). Advantageously, the plants (or plant organisms) and / or fungi to be cared for / treated comprise at least a part intended to be consumed by animals or to be processed for consumption by animals. Animals include livestock (beef cattle, horses, mules, donkeys, beef cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, etc.), farmed poultry, aquaculture (fish and shellfish), farmed insects, pets (cats, dogs, reptiles, birds, etc.) and humans. Phytosanitary care / treatments may in particular include care / treatments aimed at controlling and / or increasing growth and / or development and / or yield, but also care / treatments aimed at preventing and / or treating diseases which may affect, for example, said growth, said development and said yield.

[0025] By "phytosanitary composition" is intended a composition having at least one phytosanitary effect and / or suitable for phytosanitary use.

[0026] The phytosanitary effect may be an effect that comprises or consists of controlling and / or increasing the growth and / or development and / or yield. The phytosanitary effect may preferably be a treatment effect that consists of preventing and / or treating and / or suppressing a disease of a plant organism. Thus, the treatment effect of a phytosanitary composition may comprise, essentially consist of, or consist of the prevention, treatment, or suppression of pests, such as plants, animals, insects, parasites, viruses, and fungi, that are pathogenic / toxic / harmful / detrimental to the plant organism / crop to be treated. Thus, the treatment effect of a phytosanitary composition may include the prevention, treatment, or suppression of organisms that are pathogenic / toxic / harmful / detrimental to the plant organism / crop to be treated. In this case, the effect is insecticidal. Said pathogenic / poisonous / harmful / harmful organisms include plants, animals, insects, parasites, viruses, fungi (mosses, fungi, bacteria, competing plants, insects, rodents, mites, mollusks, earthworms, nematodes, viruses, etc.) that compete with plant organisms / crops / crop plants or that harm their growth or reproduction. The phytosanitary effect may therefore consist of repelling and / or keeping away these organisms (repellent effect).In addition, the phytosanitary effects include fungicidal / antifungal / fungistatic effects (inhibition and / or prevention of the development and / or spread of fungi and / or lethal effect on fungi), bactericidal / antibacterial / bacteriostatic effects (inhibition and / or prevention of the development and / or spread of bacteria and / or lethal effect on bacteria), acaricides (inhibition and / or prevention of the development and / or spread of mites and / or lethal effect on mites), insecticides / repellents (inhibition and / or prevention of the development and / or spread of insects and / or lethal effect on insects), molluscicides (inhibition and / or prevention of the development and / or spread of mollusks (slugs, snails, etc.) and / or lethal effect on mollusks (slugs, snails, etc.)), nematicides (inhibition and / or prevention of the development and / or spread of nematodes and / or lethal effect on mollusks (slugs, snails, etc.)), and the like. and / or inhibiting and / or preventing the development and / or spread of undesirable plants (also known as weeds) and / or killing effect on aphids), parasiticides / antiparasiticides (inhibiting and / or preventing the development and / or spread of parasites and / or killing effect on parasites), virucides / antivirucides (inhibiting and / or preventing the development and / or spread of viruses and / or killing effect on viruses), aphidicides (inhibiting and / or preventing the development and / or spread of aphids and / or killing effect on aphids), herbicides (or weed killers, defoliants, plant killers, shrub control agents: inhibiting and / or preventing the development and / or spread of undesirable plants (also known as weeds) and / or killing effect on aphids of undesirable plants), etc. Phytosanitary compositions may also act according to the mechanism of competition, predation, mimicry, stimulation of natural defenses, or a combination of any of these mechanisms. Alternatively, or in combination with a treatment / pesticidal effect, the phytosanitary effect of the phytosanitary composition may comprise a beneficial effect on the plant organism / crop to be treated, such as a growth-promoting effect, a flowering-stimulating effect, a fruit growth-stimulating effect, a resistance-enhancing effect (against cold, heat, weather, pathogens, etc.), a natural defense-stimulating effect, or any combination of these effects.

[0027] Preferably, the phytosanitary effect comprises repellency, competition, predation, mimicry, stimulation of natural defenses, a bactericidal / antibacterial / bacteriostatic effect, a fungicidal / antifungal / fungistatic effect, a parasiticidal / antiparasiticidal effect, or any combination of these effects. Even more preferably, the phytosanitary effect comprises at least one fungicidal effect. Even more preferably, the phytosanitary effect consists essentially of at least one antifungal effect. Even more preferably, the phytosanitary effect consists of at least one antifungal effect. Even more preferably, the phytosanitary effect consists of an antifungal effect.

[0028] The composition is therefore preferably a fungicidal / antifungal phytosanitary composition, i.e. it has a fungicidal / antifungal effect (i.e. an inhibiting and / or preventing effect on the development and / or spread of fungi and / or a lethal effect against fungi). The phytosanitary composition is preferably an antifungal composition suitable for use in the agricultural sector (i.e. an agricultural phytosanitary composition), even more preferably an antifungal composition suitable for use in the viticulture sector (i.e. a phytosanitary composition for viticulture).

[0029] By "phytosanitary use" is intended a use which produces at least one phytosanitary effect, i.e. a phytosanitary effect which is preferably as defined above. Preferably, the phytosanitary use consists of, consists essentially of, or consists of the use of a phytosanitary composition.

[0030] The use is preferably a fungicidal / antifungal use, i.e. it produces a fungicidal / antifungal effect (i.e. an effect of inhibiting and / or preventing the development and spread of fungi and / or a lethal effect against fungi).The use is preferably an antifungal use in the agricultural field (i.e. an agricultural phytosanitary use), more preferably an antifungal use in the viticulture field (i.e. a viticulture phytosanitary use).

[0031] By "agricultural" or "agricultural field" is contemplated everything related to agriculture and horticulture (i.e. working on the land and producing animals and plants). Thus, the agricultural area / field / specialty / activity comprises, consists essentially of, consists of, or is the area / field / specialty / activity incorporated in agriculture (i.e. the area devoted to or related to growing crops and producing animals and plants). Thus, the agricultural phytosanitary composition of the present invention comprises, consists essentially of, consists of, or is a composition suitable for growing crops and producing animals and plants and / or a composition for growing crops and producing animals and plants. Thus, the agricultural phytosanitary use comprises, consists essentially of, consists of, or is a use suitable for earthworks and producing animals and plants.

[0032] By "vineyard" or "vineyard field" everything related to vines and wine production is contemplated. Thus, the viticultural field / field / specialty / activity comprises, consists essentially of, consists of or is the field / field / specialty / activity related to vine cultivation and wine production. A phytosanitary composition in wine production comprises, consists essentially of, consists of or is a composition suitable for vine cultivation and wine production and / or a composition for vine cultivation and wine production. Thus, a phytosanitary use in wine production comprises, consists essentially of, consists of or is suitable for and / or use in vine cultivation and wine production.

[0033] By "crop" is intended the production of plants or fungi resulting from the use of land. Thus, the term "cultivation" can refer to both plants or fungi (e.g., cultivated plants) that are grown before or after harvest, plantations / fields that contain plants or fungi that are grown before or after harvest, and all operations and techniques used to process land and obtain consumer products (such as cultivated plants or fungi).

[0034] "Vine" means both vine communities and vine plantations (i.e. vine populations or grape varieties of vines). By "vine", "vine plant" and "vine community" is intended a sarmentous climbing shrub bearing clusters of fruit (grapes). The vines can be cultivated for the production of grapes and / or wine. Advantageously, the vine belongs to the family Vitaceae, which includes the genera Vitis, Parthenocissus and Ampelopsis (including Ampelopsis brevipedunculata). The vine preferably belongs to the genus Vitis, and more preferably to the species Vitis vinifera.

[0035] By "cucumber" both cucumber plants and cucumber plantations (i.e., collections of cucumber plants / feet) are contemplated. By "cucumber" or "cucumber plant" or "cucumber foot" or "cucumber plantation" is contemplated a plant belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family. The Cucurbitaceae family is a family of dicotyledonous plants in the Cucurbitales order, mostly native to tropical and subtropical regions, and comprises approximately 130 genera and 800 species.

[0036] They are generally herbaceous, annual or perennial, creeping or climbing plants with tendrils on the stem, sometimes shrubs. The flowers are unisexual, either on the same plant (monoecious) or on different plants (dioecious). The fruits are usually modified berries called peponids, or more rarely dried fruits (pods, samaras). Many cucurbit species are grown for their edible fruits (especially pumpkins, zucchinis, cucumbers, gherkins, melons, watermelons, chayote, etc.) and for their seeds (oil pumpkin, African pistachio, etc.). The Cucurbitaceae family consists of the following genera: Bryonia (e.g. including dioecious Bryonia), Genus Ecballium (including, for example, trumpet gourd), Citrullus (including, for example, watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) and true colocynth (Citrullus colocynthis)); Cucumis (e.g., including Cucumis sativus and Cucumis melo), Cucurbita (which includes various species of pumpkin and zucchini), Genus Lagenaria (including e.g. gourds), Luffa genus, · others Includes.

[0037] Thus, the cucumber is advantageously selected from the genus Bryonia (preferably dioecious Bryonia), the genus Trumpet (preferably Trumpet), the genus Citrullus (preferably Citrullus vulgaris or true colocynthis), the genus Cucumis (preferably Cucumis sativus or Cucumis melo), the genus Cucumis (preferably pumpkin or zucchini), the genus Bottle gourd (preferably gourds), the genus Loofah, and any combination thereof.

[0038] By Solanaceae both nightshade plants and nightshade plantations (i.e. nightshade plant / foot assemblages) are contemplated. By "solanaceous" or "nightshade plants" or "nightshade foot" or "nightshade plantations" are contemplated plants belonging to the family Solanaceae. A family of dicotyledonous plants (class Magnoliopsida) belonging to the order Solanales. These are generally herbaceous plants, shrubs, trees, and vines with simple, alternate leaves without stipules. The family comprises approximately 100 genera and 2,700 species, spanning a wide range of habitats, forms, and ecosystems. The family includes edible crops such as potato (Solanum tuberosum), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), eggplant (Solanum melongena), and pepper (Capsicum). Many ornamental plants also belong to the Solanaceae family, including Petunia, Schizanthus, Salpiglossis, and Datura. Several Solanaceae species are rich in alkaloids and are known for their medicinal uses, psychotropic effects, or toxicity: belladonna, nightshade, brugmansia, datura, mandrake, and tobacco.

[0039] The Solanaceae family includes the genera Coeloneurum, Espadaea, Goetzea, Henoonia, Solanum, etc. Thus, the Solanaceae family is advantageously selected from these genera and any combination of these genera.

[0040] Advantageously, the Solanaceae family is selected from the subfamilies Browallioideae, Duckeodendron, Goetzeoideae, Nicotianoideae, Petunioideae, Schizanthoideae, Schwenckioideae, Solanoideae, Cestroideae, and any combination thereof. The Solanaceae family is preferably selected from Solanum tuberosum, Solanum lycopersicum, Solanum melongena, Capsicum, Petunia, Schizanthus, Salpiglossus, and Datura, Belladonna, Nightshade, Brugmansia, Datura, Mandrake, Tobacco, and any subspecies thereof, and any combination thereof (preferably Solanum tuberosum, Solanum lycopersicum, Solanum melongena, Capsicum, and any subspecies thereof, and any combination thereof; preferably Solanum tuberosum, in particular its subspecies, such as Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. Tuberosum, and Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. andigenum (Juz. & Bukasov) Hawkes).

[0041] By "active ingredient" or "active substance" is intended a chemical substance that has at least one phytosanitary, cosmetic or therapeutic effect in a phytosanitary composition, cosmetic composition or pharmaceutical product, respectively. In the case of a phytosanitary composition, the phytosanitary effect is preferably as defined above. The active ingredient is preferably biological in nature.

[0042] By "potassium bicarbonate" or "potassium hydrogen carbonate" is intended a colorless, odorless basic salt having the chemical formula KHCO3. Potassium bicarbonate is also known as potassium hydrogen carbonate. Its monoclinic crystals have a specific gravity of 2.17 and decompose between 100°C and 200°C. It is the product of the following chemical reaction: potassium carbonate, water, and carbon dioxide: K2CO3 + H2O + CO2 -> 2KHCO3 It can be prepared by reacting according to the following:

[0043] It can also be synthesised from potassium carbonate and water. The potassium bicarbonate is preferably biobased in nature.

[0044] By "excipient" or "additive" is intended any substance in a composition other than an active ingredient. The addition of an excipient to a composition is intended to impart to it a given stability, consistency, shape, solubility, target properties, shelf life, half-life, biocompatibility, taste, color, aesthetics, and / or texture, or other particular physical, chemical, biological, or taste characteristic.

[0045] An excipient is therefore further defined by its use rather than by its particular chemical composition, said use being derived in particular from its physicochemical properties that make it suitable to fulfil its role as an excipient.

[0046] The excipients may in particular be stabilizers, preservatives, antioxidants, texture modifiers, binders, emulsifiers, colorants, pigments, corrosion inhibitors, polymerization inhibitors, anti-caking agents, surfactants (which may also be called foaming agents, wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers), defoamers, anti-leaching agents, thickeners, solubilizers, humectants, desiccants, anti-ozonants, anti-UV agents (light protectors; e.g., "quenchers", UV absorbers), heat stabilizers, antifreeze agents (e.g., ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, methanol, isopropanol), flame retardants (e.g., brominated compounds, phosphorus compounds, antimony trioxide with halogen donors), processing agents (e.g., lubricants, plasticizers, kerosene), adhesion promoters, solvents, diluents, antistatic agents, buffer additives, olfactory tracers (e.g., ethanethiol), or agents combining these features.

[0047] The excipients preferably have no negative interactions, especially chemical ones, with the active ingredient, i.e., they do not induce a reduction in the desired activity / action / effect of the active ingredient, either before or after application / administration to the organism to be treated / protected. The excipients may also be neutral with respect to the active ingredient, i.e., they have no effect on the activity / action / effect of the active ingredient. The excipients are preferably non-toxic (in particular to the plant organisms to be treated, especially agricultural crops such as vines, cucurbits, solanaceae, etc.; and to animals, especially mammals and more particularly to humans). The excipients are preferably essentially of natural origin. The excipients are preferably essentially biodegradable. Even more preferably, the excipients are essentially biological. Particularly preferably, the excipients are essentially biological and essentially biodegradable. Alternatively or in addition, the excipients are accompanied by a precautionary statement of low concern.

[0048] By "phytosanitarily acceptable excipient" is intended an excipient suitable for phytosanitary use. In particular, this means an excipient suitable for incorporation into a phytosanitary composition. Advantageously, the phytosanitarily acceptable excipient does not reduce the desired phytosanitary activity / action / effect of the active ingredient and / or composition. The phytosanitarily acceptable excipient is preferably non-toxic (in particular to the plant organisms to be treated, in particular to agricultural crops, such as vines, cucurbits, solanaceae; and to animals, in particular to mammals and more particularly to humans). The excipient is preferably of natural origin. The excipient is preferably essentially biodegradable. The excipient is preferably further essentially biobased. The excipient is preferably biodegradable and / or biobased. Alternatively or in addition, the excipient is accompanied by a precautionary statement of low concern. Advantageously, the phytosanitarily acceptable excipients are registered, or are in the process of being registered, for phytosanitary use by the relevant local competent authority.

[0049] In the present invention, the term "biological system", when used in the context of any of the aspects / embodiments of the present invention, may be considered to be modified by any one of the following conditions: living system, biodegradable, natural, and carrying a phytosanitary acceptable precautionary statement of low concern, either alone or in combination with at least one other of the aforementioned conditions. Based on this definition, the interpretation to be given to the term "biological system" throughout this specification will be readily understood by the skilled artisan according to the context.

[0050] For the purposes of this invention, an "advice statement" or "precautionary statements" or "precautionary advice statement" or "P statement" is a statement present on the label and / or packaging and / or instructions for use of compounds / products, which informs the user about these compounds / products. This information indicates to the user the precautions to be taken and / or to be realized, and / or the risks that may arise, when handling or using said compounds / products. According to Regulation (EC) No. 1272 / 2008, known as "CLP", a precautionary statement, or "P-statement", is: It is a statement that describes recommended measures to be taken to minimize or prevent adverse effects resulting from exposure to a hazardous substance or mixture as a result of its use or disposal.

[0051] For the purposes of the present invention, the expression “product / compound / ingredient / excipient X having a precautionary statement of low concern” means that product / compound / ingredient / excipient X has on its label and / or packaging and / or instructions for use: - Few or no warnings prior to use and / or about associated risks; or - It is a warning / caution that raises little or no concerns and / or has little or no associated risk; - Little or no warning about and / or associated risks of use; This means that the In this case, "not or almost not" (or "little or no") means that the warning message, if present, is given as part of the precautionary principle, but it is understood that the use of product X does not impose any risk (or significant risk) either to the user or to the environment. Preferably, the warning / caution indicates to the user that the handling and / or use of the product / compound / ingredient / excipient involves little or no significant harmful risks and / or consequences for the user and / or the environment and / or areas / places treated with the product / compound / ingredient / excipient. Even more preferably, the warning / caution is of general nature in nature and / or corresponds to recommendations for the use of the product / compound / ingredient / excipient, with it being understood that the use in accordance with these recommendations does not involve any risk (or does not involve significant risk) for the user and / or the environment and / or areas / places treated with the product / compound / ingredient / excipient.

[0052] By "surfactant" is intended a compound that modifies the surface tension between two surfaces. Surfactants are amphiphilic molecules, i.e. they have two parts of different polarity: one lipophilic (fat-retaining) part is non-polar, the other hydrophilic (water-miscible) part is polar. Thus, these agents are able to solubilize two immiscible phases by interacting with the non-polar phase (i.e. lipophilic and therefore hydrophobic) through the hydrophobic part; and with the other phase, which is polar, through the hydrophilic part.

[0053] Generally speaking, surfactants are compounds capable of improving the surface tension of liquids, especially water, even when used in small amounts. Most surfactants, except mineral salts or bases (except ammonia), reduce the surface tension of water. However, to determine whether they are primarily hydrophilic or hydrophobic, their HLB (Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance) can be calculated, which gives a numerical estimate of the balance between lipophilic and hydrophilic components.

[0054] Surfactants can be classified according to their function and / or type. Functionally, surfactants include: - detergents (having washing and / or cleaning capabilities. Detergents generally have an HLB in the range of 13 to 15); - stabilizing agents (for stabilizing substances that are usually insoluble in the solvent used. At very low concentrations, surfactants are able to form true solutions in the aqueous phase. When their concentration exceeds a certain value (critical micelle concentration), the molecules of stabilizing surfactants aggregate together into strong aggregates called micelles. This occurs in such a way that their hydrophilic poles are the only ones in contact with the water molecules. In this way, the insoluble substances are taken up by the micelles and incorporated into them. Stabilizing agents generally have an HLB of 18 to 20); - Foaming agents (promoting bubble formation, i.e., the dispersion of a large volume of gas into a small volume of liquid). Foaming agents adsorb to the water-air interface. They generally have an HLB of 3 to 8); - Wetting agents (wetting agents allow a liquid to spread more evenly on a solid by lowering the solid-liquid surface tension, thus promoting the wetting of the solid by the liquid. This wetting ability helps to suspend solid particles in the liquid, which are insoluble in the liquid, by displacing the air space that adheres to the particles and prevents their dispersion in the liquid phase. Wetting agents generally have an HLB of 13 to 15); - dispersants (for binding hydrophobic particles contained in a hydrophilic solution, e.g. water, thus forming a dispersion, i.e. an aqueous solution containing the particles in suspension. These dispersants prevent the particles from flocculating, i.e., from gathering together into larger pieces which then tend to settle to the bottom of the solution. Dispersants generally have an HLB of 6 to 8); - emulsifiers (which promote the formation of an emulsion between two immiscible liquids; generally have an HLB of less than 6 for O / W emulsions (Oil in Water) or greater than 10 for W / O emulsions (Water in Oil); - Antiseptic surfactants (those with bacteriostatic or bactericidal properties), and - any combination of them, etc.

[0055] Typologically, surfactants include anionic surfactants (where the hydrophilic portion is negatively charged), cationic surfactants (where the hydrophilic portion is positively charged), zwitterionic or amphoteric surfactants (where the hydrophilic portion has a positive or negative charge and an overall charge of zero), nonionic surfactants (where the molecule has no net charge), and any combination thereof.

[0056] By "anionic surfactants" is intended surfactants whose hydrophilic portion is negatively charged. Anionic surfactants release a negative charge (anion) in aqueous solution. They have a more pronounced tendency to be hydrophilic, and therefore have a relatively high hydrophilic / lipophilic balance (HLB) (8 to 18). Examples of this type of surfactant include soaps, sulfated derivatives (such as sodium laureth sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate), sulfonated derivatives (such as sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate), lipoamino acids, taurates, anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactants, and the like.

[0057] Soaps are fatty acid salts with the general formula RCOOM (R = long-chain hydrocarbon, M = metal, alkali, or organic base). Depending on the nature of the M group, alkaline soaps (Na + , K + , NH4 + A distinction is made between the soaps (particularly the calcium soaps), the metal soaps (particularly the calcium soaps), and the organic soaps (particularly the triethanolamine soaps, such as triethanolamine stearate).

[0058] The anionic surfactant may be biobased and / or biodegradable and / or natural and / or may be of low concern and / or carry a phytosanitary acceptable precautionary statement. The anionic surfactant is preferably biobased in nature. The anionic surfactant is preferably selected from taurates, anionic polyelectrolyte polymers, and any combination thereof.

[0059] By "taurate" or "tauride" or "anionic surfactant belonging to the taurate family" is intended an anionic surfactant comprising a hydrophilic head group consisting of N-methyltaurine (2-methylaminoethanesulfonic acid). Taurates generally consist of a hydrophilic head group consisting of N-methyltaurine (2-methylaminoethanesulfonic acid) and a lipophilic residue consisting of a long chain carboxylic acid (fatty acid), both groups being linked by an amide bond. The fatty acids used may be selected from, for example, lauric acids (C12), myristic acids (C14), palmitic acids (C16), stearic acids (C18), oleic acids (C18:1), coconut fatty acids (C8-C18), and the like, and any combination thereof, such as a mixture of oleic acids (C18:1) and coconut fatty acids (C8-C18). The counter ions can be selected, for example, from sodium, ammonium, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and the like, and any combination thereof.

[0060] At room temperature, taurates are generally pasty masses that are highly soluble in water and react at neutral to slightly alkaline pH (7-8). Their toxicity is very low. They are readily biodegradable and do not bioaccumulate.

[0061] Taurates are stable over a wide pH range (approximately 2-10) due to their amide bonds. They are very mild surfactants with good foaming capacity and high foam stability even in the presence of fats and oils. Taurates retain their good cleaning properties even in hard water or seawater. Taurates also have good compatibility with nonionic and anionic surfactants and are suitable as co-surfactants at a concentration of approximately 2%.

[0062] The taurates may be biobased and / or biodegradable and / or natural and / or may be of low concern and / or may be accompanied by a phytosanitary acceptable precautionary statement. Surfactants belonging to the taurate family are preferably biobased in nature.

[0063] The taurate is preferably selected from N-methyl taurates and any combination thereof; preferably from sodium N-methyl taurates, ammonium N-methyl taurates, calcium N-methyl taurates, alkali metal N-methyl taurates, alkaline earth metal N-methyl taurates, and any combination thereof; more preferably further from sodium N-methyl taurates. Advantageously, the taurate comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of sodium N-methyl taurate. Advantageously, the taurate is selected from the compounds with the trade name Adinol™, preferably Adinol™ OT-72 (Croda Inc., UK), and any combination thereof.

[0064] By "anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactant" or "anionic polyelectrolyte polymer" is intended a polymer carrying negatively charged ionic or ionizable groups (polyanions). Examples of anionic polyelectrolyte polymers include pectins, alginates, poly(acrylic acid), lignosulfonates, and the like.

[0065] The anionic polyelectrolyte polymers may be biobased and / or biodegradable and / or natural and / or carry a precautionary statement of low concern and / or be acceptable from a plant health point of view. The anionic polyelectrolyte polymers are preferably biobased in nature.

[0066] The anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactant is preferably selected from lignosulfonates, and any combination thereof. Advantageously, the anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactant comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of lignosulfonates.

[0067] By "lignosulfonate" or "ligninsulfonate" is intended anionic polyelectrolyte polymers (with the formula R-SO3H) having at least one sulfonate group. Lignosulfonates have preservative and / or dispersant properties. Lignosulfonates have low environmental impact. Life cycle assessment (LCA) has shown them to be excellent alternatives to petrochemical-based products.

[0068] The lignosulfonates may be biobased and / or biodegradable and / or natural and / or of low concern and / or may be accompanied by a phytosanitarily acceptable precautionary statement. In particular, they may be obtained from wood pulp (e.g. a by-product of cellulose or pulp production). The lignosulfonates are preferably essentially biobased.

[0069] The lignosulfonates are preferably water soluble.

[0070] The lignosulfonate is preferably selected from sodium lignosulfonate, ammonium lignosulfonates, calcium lignosulfonates, and any combination thereof; even more preferably from sodium lignosulfonates. Advantageously, the lignosulfonate comprises, consists of, or consists essentially of sodium lignosulfonate. When the lignosulfonate is selected from sodium lignosulfonate, it is preferably represented by the chemical formula C 20 H 24 NaO 10 Has S2.

[0071] Advantageously, the lignosulfonate is selected from the class of compounds having the trade name Ufoxane 3A™ (Borregaard AS, Norway) and any combination thereof.

[0072] By "nonionic surfactant" is intended a surfactant that comprises molecules that do not carry a net charge (do not ionize in water). Nonionic surfactants can be classified according to the nature of the bond between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions of the molecule. Nonionic surfactants include: - ester-linked surfactants (R-CO-O-R'): Ester-linked surfactants include glycol esters (e.g. ethylene glycol stearate), glycerol esters (e.g. glycerol stearate, used as emulsifier), polyoxyethylene glycol esters (obtained by the action of ethylene oxide on a fatty acid or mixture of fatty acids), sorbitan esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters (more commonly known as polysorbates); - ether-linked surfactants (RO-R'), such as fatty alcohol esters and polyoxyethylene glycol esters (often used as emulsifiers); - Amide-linked surfactants (R-CO-NH-R'); - Non-ionic ethoxylated alcohols (the molecular formula is: R(OC2H4) n OH), etc.

[0073] The non-ionic surfactant may be bio-based and / or biodegradable and / or natural and / or of low concern and / or carrying a phytosanitary acceptable precautionary statement. The non-ionic surfactant is preferably essentially bio-based. The non-ionic surfactant is preferably selected from ethoxylated alcohols. Advantageously, the non-ionic surfactant comprises, consists or consists essentially of ethoxylated alcohols.

[0074] By "ethoxylated alcohol" is intended compounds obtained by ethoxylation reaction, i.e., by the process of reacting ethylene oxide with alcohols and / or phenols. Ethoxylated alcohols are also known as 1,2-epoxyethane or oxirane and are compounds having the empirical chemical formula C2H4O. Ethoxylated alcohols can be prepared by the following chemical reaction: Alcohol (R-OH) + n-ethylene oxide unit (nC2H4O) -> R(OC2H4) n OH It can be synthesized according to the following:

[0075] Examples of ethoxylated alcohols are: glycol monoalkyl ether, mercaptoethanol, aminoethanol, diethylene glycol, ethanediol, ethylene chlorohydrin, cyanoethanol, polyethylene glycol (PEG), lauryl alcohol ethoxylate, phenol ethoxylate, nony-phenol ethoxylate.

[0076] The ethoxylated alcohols may be biobased and / or biodegradable and / or natural and / or may be of low concern and / or carry an acceptable phytosanitary precautionary statement. The ethoxylated alcohols are preferably essentially biobased.

[0077] The alcohol can be primary (in which case the hydroxyl group (-OH) is carried on a primary carbon atom, i.e., bonded to only one other carbon atom), secondary (in which case the hydroxyl group is carried on a secondary carbon, i.e., bonded to two other carbon atoms), tertiary (in which case the hydroxyl group is carried on a tertiary carbon atom, i.e., bonded to three carbon atoms), or cyclic / phenolic (in which case the hydroxyl group is carried on a carbon present in a ring). Thus, the ethoxylated alcohols can be classified as primary ethoxylated alcohols, secondary ethoxylated alcohols, tertiary ethoxylated alcohols, and phenolic / cyclic ethoxylated alcohols, respectively. The ethoxylated alcohol is preferably selected from non-ionic ethoxylated secondary alcohols (i.e., those derived from or comprising secondary alcohols), and any combination thereof. Advantageously, the ethoxylated alcohol comprises, consists of, or consists essentially of a non-ionic ethoxylated secondary alcohol. The ethoxylated alcohol is preferably a non-ionic C8-C 18 ethoxylated secondary alcohols and any combination thereof. Advantageously, the ethoxylated alcohol is selected from non-ionic C8-C 18 It comprises, consists of, or consists essentially of an ethoxylated secondary alcohol. Preferably, the ethoxylated alcohol is also a non-ionic C8-C 18 Advantageously, the ethoxylated alcohol is an ethoxylated secondary alcohol of the empirical formula C 12-14 H 25-29 O[CH2CH2O] xH. Advantageously, the ethoxylated alcohol is chosen from the class of compounds having the trade name Tergitol®, preferably Tergitol® 15-S-12 (Sigma-Aldrich, USA, or Dow Chemical, USA), and any combination thereof.

[0078] By "cationic surfactant" is intended a surfactant that contains a positively charged hydrophilic portion. Cationic surfactants release a positive charge (cation) in aqueous solution. They have bacteriostatic and emulsifying properties. They are generally nitrogen-based products (having a positively charged atom). Examples include quaternary ammonium salts, such as alkyltrimethylammonium salts (e.g., alkyltrimethylammonium bromide), alkylbenzyldimethylammonium salts (e.g., benzalkonium chloride), organo-mineral polymers, protonated amines, and the like.

[0079] The cationic surfactants may be biobased and / or biodegradable and / or natural and / or may be of low concern and / or carry acceptable phytosanitary precautionary statements. The cationic surfactants are preferably biobased in nature.

[0080] The cationic surfactant is preferably selected from organo-mineral polymers, and any combination thereof. Advantageously, the cationic surfactant comprises, consists or consists essentially of an organo-mineral polymer.

[0081] By "organo-mineral polymer" or "hybrid polymer" is intended a polymer comprising organic and inorganic components. Organo-mineral polymers include, for example, silanes, siloxanes, and the like. Organo-mineral polymers may be biobased and / or biodegradable and / or natural and / or may carry low concern and / or phytosanitary acceptable precautionary statements. The organo-mineral polymer is preferably biobased in nature. The organo-mineral polymer is preferably selected from siloxanes and any combination thereof.

[0082] "Siloxane" refers to a repeating unit based on silicon and oxygen (chemical formula: -[O-Si(CH3)2] n A class of silicon compounds having a siloxane moiety (organosilicones) with a siloxane moiety of - is contemplated. The empirical formula for siloxanes is R2SiO, where R is a radical group that may be organic. These compounds can be organic and inorganic hybrids. The organic chain confers hydrophobicity to the compound, while the -Si-O-Si-O- backbone is purely inorganic. Examples of siloxanes include alkylsiloxanes, such as dimethylsiloxanes (of formula [SiO(CH3)2]n), diphenylsiloxanes (of formula [SiO(C6H5)2]n), polysiloxanes (polymerized siloxanes, e.g. silicones), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and the like. The siloxane is preferably water-soluble.

[0083] The siloxanes may be biobased and / or biodegradable and / or natural and / or may carry a low concern and / or phytosanitarily acceptable precautionary statement. The siloxanes are preferably biobased in nature.

[0084] The siloxane is preferably selected from alkyl siloxanes and any combination thereof; even more preferably selected from polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) and any combination thereof. Advantageously, the siloxane comprises, consists of or consists essentially of polydimethylsiloxane, preferably absorbed. Advantageously, the siloxane has the empirical formula (C2H6Osi): n Advantageously, the siloxane is chosen from the class of compounds having the trade name Rhodorsil®, preferably Rhodorsil® EP 6703 (Solvay, Belgium), and any combination thereof.

[0085] By "water-soluble polymer" is intended a polymer that is capable of forming a solution in water. Water-soluble polymers contain hydrophilic groups that make them, inter alia, water-soluble. These hydrophilic groups include: - in the main chain: oxygen and nitrogen capable of forming hydrogen bonds; - In the side chain: hydroxyl (-OH), amine (-NH3), salts of organic acids (-COO-), etc., and any combination thereof It can be said that:

[0086] Water-soluble polymers include: - natural polymers (e.g. dextrin, casein, dextran, pullulan); - artificial polymers (e.g. cellulose ethers); - Synthetic polymers; - Polyethers: polyethylene glycol (PEG); - Vinyls: Polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL), polyacrylamide, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), etc. It can be said that:

[0087] The water soluble polymers may also be biobased and / or biodegradable and / or natural and / or may carry a precautionary statement of low concern and / or be phytosanitarily acceptable.

[0088] Examples of water-soluble polymers include anionic polyelectrolyte polymers (such as lignosulfonates), organo-mineral polymers (such as siloxanes), and the like.

[0089] By "clay" or "clay minerals" is intended natural rock minerals based on hydrated silicates or aluminosilicates (or hydrated aluminum silicates) with a lamellar structure, which are generally derived from the modification of silicates with a three-dimensional structure, such as feldspars. Clays have purifying, astringent and antiseptic properties.

[0090] Clays are natural in nature and are acceptable from a phytosanitary point of view.

[0091] The clay is preferably selected from silicates and any combination thereof. Advantageously, the clay comprises, consists or consists essentially of a silicate.

[0092] By "silicate" is intended salts that combine silicon dioxide SiO2 with other metal oxides. Silicates include silicate compositions, silica polymorphs, minerals such as phyllosilicates, etc. "Phyllosilicates" are silicate-based minerals constructed by stacking tetrahedral layers ("T") where the tetrahedra share three of their four vertices (the "base" oxygen) and the fourth vertex (the "apex" oxygen) is bonded to an octahedral layer ("O") occupied by a different cation (Al, Mg, Fe, Ti, Li, etc.). Phyllosilicates include compounds belonging to the kaolinite group. By "kaolinite" is intended mineral species composed of hydrated aluminum silicate. The kaolinite group is made up of the following isostructural minerals: - Dickite Al2Si2O5(OH)4, - Enderite Al2Si2O5(OH)4·2H2O; - halloysite Al2Si2O5(OH)4 containing trace amounts of: Ti, Ca, Na, K, Fe, Cr, Mg, Ni, and / or Cu; - Kaolinite Al2Si2O5(OH)4; - Nakhlite Al2Si2O5(OH)4; - Auginite (Fe, Mg, Al, Fe, Ti, Mn) 2.5 (Si,Al)2O5(OH)4 Includes.

[0093] The silicate is preferably selected from phyllosilicates and any combination thereof; even more preferably selected from kaolinites and any combination thereof. Advantageously, the silicate comprises, consists of or essentially consists of a phyllosilicate, preferably kaolinite. Advantageously, the silicate is a sedimentary kaolinite, preferably obtained from the Charentes basin, having the empirical formula Al2Si2O5(OH)4. Advantageously, the siloxane is selected from compounds with the trade name Argirec™, preferably Argirec™ B22 (LEHVOSS Group, Germany), and any combination thereof.

[0094] By "glycerol" or "glycerin" (these two terms are considered synonymous and interchangeable herein) or "1,2,3-propanetriol" is intended the chemical compound having the formula HOH2C-CHOH-CH2OH. At room or ambient temperature (10°C to 40°C), the compound is a colorless, viscous, odorless liquid with very low toxicity in concentrated form and a sweet taste. Glycerol can maintain its liquid state at relatively low temperatures (below 10°C). Its molecule has three hydroxyls corresponding to the three alcohol functional groups, which are responsible for the solubility of glycerol in water and its hygroscopicity.

[0095] By "content" is intended the amount of an object (e.g., a substance, compound, ingredient, effect, activity, etc.) contained in a mixture (e.g., a composition) as a percentage. Content can be expressed, for example, by weight relative to the total weight of the mixture or composition.

[0096] By "essentially free of a compound / component" or "composition essentially free of a compound / component" or "composition essentially free of a compound / component" is contemplated a mixture or composition containing a content of said compound or component of less than 15% by weight relative to the total weight of the mixture or composition, preferably less than 10% by weight, more preferably even less than 7.5% by weight, preferably even less than 5% by weight, more preferably less than 2.5% by weight, still more preferably less than 1% by weight, still more preferably less than 0.5% by weight, still more preferably less than 0.4% by weight, still more preferably less than 0.3% by weight, still more preferably less than 0.2% by weight, preferably less than 0.1% by weight, preferably less than 0.09% by weight, preferably less than 0.05% by weight, preferably less than 0.01% by weight, preferably less than 0.005% by weight, preferably less than 0.001% by weight, based on the total weight of the mixture or composition.

[0097] By "fermentation" is intended a metabolic process carried out by living microorganisms, particularly bacteria, which involves the partial or total conversion (or decomposition), usually via oxidation-reduction, of one or more substrates to at least one metabolic or fermentation product. Fermentation can be carried out in an aerobic atmosphere (in the presence of oxygen, O2) or in an anaerobic atmosphere (in the absence of oxygen).

[0098] Several types of fermentation can be distinguished depending on the fermentation products (also called metabolic products) obtained by this metabolic process. For example, alcoholic fermentation occurs when the fermentation product obtained consists of a mixture of at least one alcohol, such as ethanol, and a gas (most often carbon dioxide, also known as carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide, with the chemical formula CO2). Mixed fermentation occurs when a more complex mixture of fermentation products is obtained. This mixture comprises, for example, one or more alcohols, such as ethanol, butanol; one or more carboxylic acids or their salts, such as acetic acid or acetate, formic acid or formate, butyric acid; lactic acid or lactate; one or more gases, such as dihydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO) or dioxygen (O2). The fermentation is preferably alcoholic. The alcoholic fermentation is preferably a vegetative fermentation. The alcoholic fermentation is preferably a wine fermentation. The wine fermentation comprises, consists of, consists essentially of, or is the conversion of at least a part of a vine plant (preferably the fruit of the vine, i.e. grapes) into wine or other alcohol. Preferably, the fermentation comprises at least the formation of carbon dioxide (chemical formula CO2).

[0099] By "solid composition" or "in solid form" or "in solid state" is intended a composition or mixture that is neither in a liquid nor gaseous state. A solid composition can take the form of a powder, granules, tablets, or even larger aggregates (e.g., aggregates, chunks, weak aggregates, etc.). A solid composition is preferably essentially free of liquids, more preferably free of liquids. A solid composition is preferably essentially free of water, preferably free of water.

[0100] By "nanoparticle" is intended an object having three dimensional dimensions that are on the nanometer scale, ie, a particle having a nominal diameter of less than about 100 nm (eg, as defined in ISO standard TS / 27687).

[0101] By "powder" is intended a solid that exists in the form of particles generally less than one tenth of a millimeter (100 μm) in size.

[0102] By "particulate" or "granules" or "granulation" is intended a solid that exists in the form of small pieces or grains having a size generally equal to or greater than one tenth of a millimeter (100 μm) but smaller than one tenth of a centimeter (10 cm).

[0103] By "tablet" is intended a solid form obtained by agglomerating large amounts of particles (powders or granules) by compression. Tablets may be coated, film-coated, effervescent, dispersible, or any combination thereof.

[0104] By "aqueous solution" is intended a homogeneous mixture obtained by dissolving at least one substance (or chemical species or component or compound), whether it is a solid, liquid, or gas, in water. An aqueous solution is thus a liquid phase containing several chemical species, e.g., the predominant species being water (HO, solvent), and at least one predominantly minor species being a solute (i.e., a dissolved substance, chemical species, component, or compound). Advantageously, the aqueous solution is a liquid, suspension, emulsion, or true solution of a product diluted in water.

[0105] By "sprayable aqueous solution" is intended an aqueous solution that can be sprayed as fine droplets or in powder form. Advantageously, the sprayable aqueous solution is a suspension, emulsion or solution in a gaseous medium, preferably an inert gas. Advantageously, the sprayable aqueous solution is in the form of a mill, vaporizer, aerosol or spray.

[0106] By "spraying" is intended the projection of an aqueous solution in the form of fine droplets, in aerosol form, in vapor form, or in powder form onto a target, preferably an agricultural crop, preferably a vine.

[0107] By "naturally occurring ingredient" or "naturally occurring excipient" is intended an ingredient or compound or excipient that is naturally derived, i.e., obtained from a natural component (e.g., a plant, a fungus, a mineral, an insect, an animal).

[0108] By "biological components" or "biological excipients" is intended components or compounds or excipients derived from living organisms, i.e. obtained from and / or produced / secreted by and / or derived from living organisms (e.g. microorganisms, bacteria, plants, algae, fungi, yeasts, insects, animals). Thus, biological components / components / excipients can be obtained from biomass. In particular, biological components / components / excipients can be derived from biomass of microbial, fungal, animal or plant origin. Biological components / components / excipients can in particular be obtained using enzymes derived from and / or produced / secreted by and / or obtained from living organisms. Thus, biological components / components / excipients are essentially obtained by biochemical processes, preferably by biochemical processes.

[0109] By "biodegradable component" or "biodegradable excipient" is intended a component or substance or compound or excipient that can undergo biodegradation. Biodegradation is the decomposition of organic matter by living organisms, e.g. microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, or algae. A component or substance or compound or excipient is biodegradable if it can be decomposed under the action of living organisms, e.g. microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, or algae, into materials and / or components that do not have a harmful effect on the natural environment. Materials and / or components that do not have a harmful effect on the natural environment include, consist essentially of, or consist of carbon dioxide, methane, water, and biomass.

[0110] By "essentially biodegradable compound / component" or "essentially biodegradable excipient" is intended a compound or component or excipient which is at least 80% by weight biodegradable relative to the total weight of the compound or component, preferably at least 85% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight, even more preferably at least 92.5% by weight, even more preferably at least 95% by weight, more preferably at least 97.5% by weight, even more preferably at least 99% by weight biodegradable relative to the total weight of the compound or component. In other words, an essentially biodegradable compound / component / excipient is one whose non-degraded amount remaining after biodegradation is less than 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the compound / component / excipient before biodegradation, preferably less than 15% by weight, more preferably less than 10% by weight, even more preferably less than 7.5% by weight, even more preferably less than 5% by weight, most preferably less than 2.5% by weight, even more preferably less than 1% by weight, even more preferably less than 0.5% by weight, even more preferably less than 0.4% by weight, even more preferably less than 0.3% by weight, even more preferably less than 0.2% by weight, even more preferably less than 0.1% by weight, even more preferably less than 0.09% by weight, even more preferably less than 0.05% by weight, even more preferably less than 0.01% by weight, even more preferably less than 0.005% by weight, even more preferably less than 0.001% by weight.

[0111] By "essentially biological compound / component / excipient" is intended a compound or component or excipient, at least 80% by weight of which is biological based based on the total weight of the compound or component or excipient, preferably at least 85% by weight, more preferably at least 90% by weight, even more preferably at least 92.5% by weight, even more preferably at least 95% by weight, more preferably at least 97.5% by weight, even more preferably at least 99% by weight, still more preferably at least 99.1% by weight, still more preferably at least 99.2% by weight, still more preferably at least 99.3% by weight, still more preferably at least 99.4% by weight, still more preferably at least 99.5% by weight, still more preferably at least 99.6% by weight, still more preferably at least 99.7% by weight, even more preferably at least 99.8% by weight, even more preferably at least 99.9% by weight, even more preferably at least 99.95% by weight, even more preferably at least 99.99% by weight, based on the total weight of the compound or component or excipient.

[0112] By "prevention" or "prevention of a disease" or "prevention of the onset of a disease" is intended reducing the risk of onset, development or amplification of a disease, the cause of a disease, the symptoms of a disease, the effect (or result, preferably an adverse, harmful effect / result) of a disease, or any combination thereof; and / or delaying the onset, development or amplification of a disease, the cause of a disease, the symptoms of a disease, the effect (or result, preferably an adverse, harmful effect / result) of a disease, or any combination thereof.

[0113] By "treatment" or "treatment of a disease" or "pathogen control" or "disease control" is intended reducing, inhibiting, stabilizing, and / or eliminating the disease, the cause of the disease, the symptoms of the disease, the effects (or consequences, preferably adverse, deleterious effects / consequences) of the disease, or any combination thereof.

[0114] By "fungi" or "fungi" is intended herein eukaryotic organisms belonging to the kingdom Fungi (also known as Mycota or Mycetes or fungi), the phylum Oomycota (also known as pseudochampi, specifically including the class Oomycetes), or the class Plasmodiophoromycetes. Fungi are a highly diverse group ranging from microscopic unicellular organisms (yeasts) and multicellular organisms (molds) to "higher fungi" (macroscopic fungi), most of which have foot and cap structures. Fungi are characterized by the simultaneous presence of a peripheral cell wall and an expanded vacuole in the cytoplasm, their undifferentiated plant body and peptide-polyosidic walls, and the absence of chloroplasts, chlorophyll, and starch. They are carbon heterotrophs.

[0115] By "pathogenic fungus" is intended a fungus or other filamentous organism belonging to a species of parasitic fungi that causes a disease in living organisms. The disease may be a cryptogam disease (also known as mycosis) or a mycosis. A cryptogam disease or mycosis is a disease caused in plants by a parasitic fungus or other filamentous organism (in the case of Oomycetes). When it infects animals, the term "mycosis" is used.

[0116] The pathogenic fungus is preferably a phytopathogenic fungus.

[0117] By "phytopathogenic fungi" are intended species of parasitic fungi which cause cryptogam diseases (also known as mycoses) in plants. These fungi belong to the various groups of the fungi or "kingdom Fungi": Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes and Deuteromycetes (Imperfect Fungi). Pathogens responsible for cryptogam diseases also include protists, such as Plasmodiophoromycetes (whose most important genera are Plasmodiophora and Spongospora), and Oomycetes (which includes the family Peronosporaceae (subject of downy mildew)). Pathogenic (or phytopathogenic) fungi are preferably: - species causing the main diseases in vineyards, such as downy mildew on vines (Plasmopara viticola), powdery mildew on vines (Uncinula necator and / or Erysiphe necator) and vine blight (Botrytis cinerea); - species causing major diseases of the Solanaceae family, such as Solanaceae downy mildew (Phytophthora parasitica and / or Phytophthora infestans), and - species causing major diseases of cucurbits, e.g. cucurbit downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis), Selected from The fungal pathogen is preferably grape downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola).

[0118] Even more preferably, the pathogenic fungus (or plant pathogen) is selected from a species belonging to the family Peronosporaceae (subject of downy mildew), in particular the downy mildew of vines (Plasmopara viticola).

[0119] By "lianeous downy mildew" is intended a fungus (or pseudofungus) belonging to the species Plasmopara viticola of the family Peronosporaceae and the class Oomycetes. Lianeous downy mildew exists in the form of free spores or mycelium that can only grow inside the host liane tissue. Plasmopara viticola is an obligate endoparasite that grows mainly in the green tissue of lianes, especially in the leaf parenchyma. It survives at the expense of the host tissue, which is eventually destroyed. P. viticola is essentially in diploid form during its development cycle. P. viticola is also characterized in that its mycelial filaments do not have partitions, the cell wall is cellulosic (unlike chitin-containing fungi) and the zoospores are biflagellated.

[0120] By "powdery mildew of vines" is intended a fungus belonging to the species Erysiphe necator. Erysiphe necator is an obligate parasite of microscopic filamentous fungi of the phylum Ascomycota, family Vitaceae, mainly of the genus Vitis. It is the cause of powdery mildew of vines (also known as downy mildew in Canada). It is also known as Uncinula necator. Powdery mildew is an ectoparasite that occurs on the surfaces of all developing herbaceous organs of vines, especially on young herbaceous shoots, leaves, bunches (of grapes), and shoots.

[0121] By "vine blight" or "grey mold" is intended a haploid fungus belonging to the species Botrytis cinerea, family Sclerotiniaceae, phylum Ascomycota. This phytopathogenic fungus is the cause of grey mold, a mycosis, that infects several crops of major agronomic interest, such as vines, sunflower, tomato, and strawberry. The infection begins with the germination of conidia in the presence of water and nutrients found on damaged organs such as flower stems, and occasionally on leaves. The contamination then spreads to the berries / fruit. Before veraison, the berry infection remains latent and without visible symptoms, then, once veraison has developed, the already present mycelium begins to grow.

[0122] By "solanaceous downy mildew" is intended a fungus (or pseudofungus) belonging to the species Phytophthora paragitica and / or Phytophthora infestans, of the family Peronosporaceae or Pythiaceae and class Oomycetes. Solanaceous downy mildew takes the form of spores that develop on the leaves and spread throughout the crop at average temperatures (above 10°C).

[0123] By "cucurbit downy mildew" is intended a fungus (or pseudomycete) belonging to the species Pseudoperonospora cubensis in the family Peronosporaceae and the class Oomycetes. Cucurbit blight is a heterotrophic parasite, absolutely dependent on its host plant for growth and survival. It can only survive outside the host in the form of an oospore.

[0124] In the context of the present invention, the term "no or little X" or "little or no X" refers to: - the absence of X; - or undetectable and / or insignificant presence of X It is preferable to understand it as either

[0125] composition In the context of the present invention, the inventors have developed a new composition based on potassium bicarbonate. The inventors have therefore demonstrated, quite surprisingly, that a composition comprising potassium bicarbonate and at least one excipient selected from anionic surfactants belonging to the taurate family is able to effectively protect and / or treat agricultural crops, in particular vines, cucurbits or solanaceae plants, or any combination thereof, preferably vines. The data unexpectedly show that the application of this composition makes it possible to protect and / or treat agricultural crops (such as vines, cucurbits, solanaceae or any combination thereof, preferably vines) with high efficacy against phytopathogenic fungi, in particular powdery mildew, downy mildew and blight on vines and / or cucurbits and / or solanaceae. In particular, the inventors have shown that such a composition has a significant antifungal effect, making it possible to strongly inhibit the growth of the fungi responsible for downy mildew on vines. Surprisingly, this new formulation shows a significant improvement in the characteristics of adhesion, spreading, resistance to leaching, and longevity on the leaves of lianas, cucurbits, or solanaceae plants, or any combination thereof, preferably lianas.The inventors also demonstrated a long-lasting leaching protection effect.As a result, the frequency of application of treatment can be reduced as much as possible, limiting costs and environmental impact.The data also show that such compositions have no phytotoxicity to agricultural crops.

[0126] The present invention therefore comprises: - Potassium bicarbonate, - at least one excipient selected from the anionic surfactants belonging to the taurate family, preferably a phytosanitarily acceptable excipient and / or preferably an essentially biological excipient and / or an essentially biodegradable excipient and / or essentially of natural origin and / or preferably carrying a precautionary statement of low concern, The present invention relates to a new composition comprising:

[0127] The present invention also provides: - Potassium bicarbonate, - at least one excipient selected from the anionic surfactants belonging to the taurate family, preferably a phytosanitarily acceptable excipient and / or preferably an essentially biological excipient and / or an essentially biodegradable excipient and / or essentially of natural origin and / or preferably carrying a precautionary statement of low concern, The present invention relates to a composition consisting essentially of, consisting essentially of, or consisting of.

[0128] Advantageously, the potassium bicarbonate and / or the excipients are essentially of natural origin. According to a preferred embodiment, the potassium bicarbonate and / or the excipients are essentially of biological origin. According to a preferred embodiment, the potassium bicarbonate and / or the excipients are essentially of biological origin. According to a preferred embodiment, which may be combined with any of the embodiments presented herein, the excipients are essentially biodegradable, preferably the excipients are biodegradable. According to a preferred embodiment, the potassium bicarbonate and / or the excipients are essentially biodegradable. According to a preferred embodiment, which may be combined with any of the embodiments presented herein, the excipients are essentially of natural origin, preferably the excipients are of natural origin. According to a preferred embodiment, the potassium bicarbonate and / or the excipients are essentially of natural origin. According to a preferred embodiment, which may be combined with any of the embodiments presented herein, the excipients are accompanied by a precautionary statement of low concern. According to a preferred embodiment, the potassium bicarbonate and / or the excipients are accompanied by a precautionary statement of low concern.

[0129] The data obtained by the inventors also show that the presence of at least one additional excipient selected from anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactants, nonionic surfactants, and cationic surfactants further enhances the antifungal efficacy, durability of protection, and resistance to leaching of the composition.Thus, and advantageously, the composition according to the invention comprises at least one additional excipient selected from anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, and any combination thereof.

[0130] The present invention therefore also relates to: - Potassium bicarbonate, - at least one excipient chosen from anionic surfactants belonging to the taurate family, preferably a phytosanitarily acceptable excipient and / or preferably an essentially biological excipient and / or an essentially biodegradable excipient and / or essentially of natural origin and / or preferably accompanied by a precautionary statement of low concern; - at least one additional excipient selected from anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, and any combination thereof; A novel composition comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of: The anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactant is preferably selected from sulfonates, and any combination thereof; the nonionic surfactant is preferably selected from ethoxylated alcohols, and any combination thereof; the cationic surfactant is preferably selected from organo-mineral polymers, and any combination thereof; The composition relates to a composition, wherein the additional excipient is preferably water soluble; wherein the additional excipient is preferably a phytosanitarily acceptable excipient, and / or preferably an essentially biological excipient, and / or an essentially biodegradable excipient, and / or essentially of natural origin, and / or preferably an excipient carrying a precautionary statement of low concern.

[0131] The data indicates that the compositions are particularly effective at antifungal efficacy, long-lasting protection, and resistant to leaching when the anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactant comprises a sulfonate, the nonionic surfactant comprises an ethoxylated alcohol, and / or the cationic surfactant comprises an organo-mineral polymer.

[0132] Therefore, advantageously, the composition according to the invention further comprises at least one additional excipient selected from anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactants selected from sulfonates, and any combination thereof; a non-ionic surfactant selected from ethoxylated alcohols, and any combination thereof; a cationic surfactant selected from organo-mineral polymers, and any combination thereof; and any combination thereof.

[0133] Thus, in a particularly preferred embodiment, the composition comprises: - with potassium bicarbonate; - at least one excipient chosen from anionic surfactants belonging to the taurate family, preferably a phytosanitarily acceptable excipient and / or preferably an essentially biological excipient and / or an essentially biodegradable excipient and / or essentially of natural origin and / or preferably accompanied by a precautionary statement of low concern; - at least one additional excipient selected from anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, and any combination thereof; comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of The anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactant is selected from sulfonates, and any combination thereof; the nonionic surfactant is selected from ethoxylated alcohols, and any combination thereof; the cationic surfactant is selected from organo-mineral polymers, and any combination thereof; Said additional excipient is preferably water soluble; said additional excipient is preferably a phytosanitarily acceptable excipient, and / or preferably an essentially biological excipient, and / or an essentially biodegradable excipient, and / or essentially of natural origin, and / or preferably an excipient carrying a precautionary statement of low concern.

[0134] The composition can be in liquid or solid form (powder, granules, tablets, etc.). Preferably, the composition is in solid form. Indeed, the inventors have shown that the composition can be effectively used to protect and / or treat crops in either liquid or solid form. The composition can be applied to crops in liquid form or in solid form (particularly in powder form). When the composition is applied in liquid form, the composition can be in liquid form that is ready for direct use or can be diluted (concentrated form). When the composition is applied in liquid form, the composition can also be in solid form, in which case the composition can be diluted / dissolved / solubilized in a suitable solvent prior to use (e.g., without prior preparation or for short, medium or long term storage prior to use). The composition has antifungal efficacy regardless of its form.

[0135] In particular, the inventors have shown that the composition is particularly stable in this form and is suitable for medium to long term storage. According to a preferred embodiment, the composition according to the invention is in solid form, preferably in the form of a powder, tablet, granules, or any combination thereof. Even more preferably, the composition is in the form of a powder, or granules, or any combination thereof.

[0136] According to an advantageous embodiment of the composition (in solid or liquid form, in particular in solid form), the content of potassium bicarbonate ranges from 5% to 90% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, preferably from 10% to 90% by weight, more preferably from 15% to 85% by weight, more preferably from 20% to 80% by weight, more preferably from 40% to 70% by weight and most preferably from 50 to 65% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition; and / or - the content of anionic surfactants belonging to the taurate family may range from 0.1% to 30% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, preferably from 0.5% to 20% by weight, preferably from 1% to 15% by weight, more preferably from 2% to 10% by weight, more preferably from 3% to 6% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition;

[0137] According to an advantageous embodiment of the composition (in solid or liquid form, preferably the composition is a solid composition, advantageously a powder, granules, tablets or any combination thereof), comprising: the content of potassium bicarbonate ranges from 5% to 90% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, preferably from 10% to 90% by weight, preferably from 15% to 85% by weight, preferably from 20% to 80% by weight, preferably from 25% to 75% by weight, preferably from 30% to 70% by weight, preferably from 35% to 70% by weight, preferably from 40% to 65% by weight, preferably from 45% to 65% by weight, preferably from 50% to 60% by weight; even more preferably, the content of potassium bicarbonate is approximately 55% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition; and / or - the content of anionic surfactants belonging to the taurate family ranges from 0.1% to 30% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, preferably from 0.5% to 25% by weight, more preferably from 1% to 20% by weight, more preferably from 1.5% to 15% by weight, more preferably from 2% to 10% by weight, more preferably from 2.5% to 8%, more preferably from 2.5% to 6.5% by weight, more preferably from 3% to 6% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition;

[0138] According to one embodiment, the composition is a liquid composition, preferably in the form of an aqueous solution, preferably in the form of a sprayable aqueous solution, more preferably in the form of an aerosol.In particular, the liquid composition can be in a concentrated form (e.g., 20 times concentrated, or 15 times, 10 times, 8 times, 5 times, 4 times, 3 times, or 2 times concentrated, which can be diluted before use), or in a ready-to-use form.

[0139] According to one embodiment, the composition is a liquid composition obtained by diluting (and / or dissolving and / or dissolving and / or solubilizing) the composition in solid form in a suitable solvent, preferably according to a suitable dilution factor (preferably to obtain the potassium bicarbonate content detailed below).

[0140] Solvents suitable for diluting / dissolving / solubilizing the concentrated liquid and / or solid compositions may be selected from aqueous solvents, such as water, alcohols (particularly aqueous solutions of alcohols, such as ethanol), acids (particularly carboxylic acids, such as acetic acid), and any combination thereof, preferably water.

[0141] According to a preferred embodiment of the liquid composition (particularly as a ready-to-use liquid composition, possibly after dilution of a concentrated liquid composition or after dissolving of a solid composition), the content of potassium bicarbonate ranges from 5 to 60 grams per liter (g / L) of the composition, preferably from 8 to 55 g / L, preferably from 10 to 50 g / L, preferably from 15 to 45 g / L, preferably from 20 to 40 g / L, preferably from 25 to 35 g / L, preferably from 28 to 33 g / L, more preferably from 30 to 35 g / L of the composition. Indeed, data show that the crop protection and / or treatment efficacy, in particular the antifungal activity, is particularly high when the potassium bicarbonate concentration ranges from 5 to 60 g / L in the liquid composition applied to the crop. The skilled person knows how to determine the appropriate dilution factor to obtain a liquid composition with such a content of potassium bicarbonate from a concentrated liquid or solid composition.

[0142] According to one embodiment of the composition in liquid form (preferably in the form of an aqueous composition), the content of potassium bicarbonate ranges from 0.1% to 35% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, preferably from 0.5% to 25% by weight, more preferably from 1% to 20% by weight, more preferably from 5% to 15% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition; even more preferably, the content of potassium bicarbonate is about 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.

[0143] The potassium bicarbonate can be from any source or origin and / or can be obtained by any suitable process known to those skilled in the art. The composition is also effective when the potassium bicarbonate is obtained from alcoholic fermentation, for example wine fermentation. In fact, the inventors have shown that potassium bicarbonate can be efficiently obtained from alcoholic fermentation, for example wine fermentation, in particular from the carbon dioxide released by alcoholic fermentation. In addition to its efficiency, this potassium bicarbonate production process developed by the inventors is particularly interesting from an ecological point of view. In fact, the production of potassium bicarbonate, a material of great economic and industrial interest, makes it possible to recover the gas produced during alcoholic fermentation and at the same time limit the emission of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas harmful to the ozone layer.

[0144] According to one embodiment, the potassium bicarbonate of the composition is obtained from alcoholic fermentation, preferably vegetable fermentation, preferably wine fermentation, and this potassium bicarbonate is preferably one of the following: a) capturing carbon dioxide released by alcoholic fermentation; b) obtaining potassium bicarbonate crystals by bubbling the carbon dioxide captured in step a) in a potassium carbonate solution, preferably under saturation conditions of the solution; c) optionally extracting the potassium bicarbonate crystals obtained in step b); The present invention is obtained by a process comprising (or consisting essentially of, or consisting of) the steps:

[0145] According to a preferred embodiment of the composition, the at least one anionic surfactant belonging to the taurate family is selected from the N-methyl taurates; preferably from sodium N-methyl taurates, ammonium N-methyl taurates, calcium N-methyl taurates, alkali metal N-methyl taurates, alkaline earth metal N-methyl taurates, and any combination thereof; even more preferably from sodium N-methyl taurates.

[0146] Advantageously, the anionic surfactants belonging to the taurate family are water-soluble.

[0147] The data obtained by the inventors also show that the presence of at least one additional excipient selected from anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, and clays further enhances the antifungal efficacy, durability of protection, and resistance to leaching of the composition.Thus, advantageously, the composition according to the invention further comprises at least one additional excipient selected from anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, clays, and any combination thereof.

[0148] The data show that the durability of protection and resistance to leaching is particularly high when the composition also comprises an additional excipient selected from the clays.The present invention therefore relates to a composition as defined above, further comprising at least one additional excipient selected from the clays.

[0149] The present invention therefore comprises: - with potassium bicarbonate; - at least one excipient selected from the anionic surfactants belonging to the taurate family; - at least one additional excipient selected from anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, and clays; A composition as defined above comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of: The present invention relates to a composition, wherein the excipient is preferably a phytosanitarily acceptable excipient, and / or preferably an essentially biological excipient, and / or an essentially biodegradable excipient, and / or of natural origin and / or preferably an excipient carrying a precautionary statement of low concern.

[0150] The additional excipients are preferably water-soluble.

[0151] Advantageously, the composition comprises at least one anionic polyelectrolyte polymeric surfactant, preferably selected from sulfonates, and any combination thereof; the sulfonate is preferably selected from lignosulfonates; preferably selected from sodium lignosulfonate, ammonium lignosulfonates, calcium lignosulfonates, and any combination thereof; more preferably further selected from sodium lignosulfonate, and any combination thereof. Indeed, the antifungal efficacy of the composition is particularly high when it comprises such an anionic surfactant.

[0152] According to one embodiment of the composition comprising at least one anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactant, the latter is preferably selected from sulfonates (such as lignosulfonates) and any combination thereof. Thus, according to this embodiment, in which the composition comprises at least one anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactant, the anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactant is advantageously selected from sulfonates (such as lignosulfonates) and any combination thereof.

[0153] Advantageously, the composition comprises at least one non-ionic surfactant, preferably selected from ethoxylated alcohols, and any combination thereof; the ethoxylated alcohol is preferably selected from secondary ethoxylated alcohols; more preferably further selected from secondary ethoxylated C8-C18 alcohols, and any combination thereof. Indeed, the antifungal efficacy of the composition is particularly high when it comprises such a non-ionic surfactant.

[0154] According to one embodiment of the composition comprising at least one non-ionic surfactant, the latter is preferably selected from ethoxylated alcohols (such as secondary ethoxylated alcohols) and any combination thereof. Thus, according to this embodiment, in which the composition comprises at least one non-ionic surfactant, the non-ionic surfactant is advantageously selected from ethoxylated alcohols (such as secondary ethoxylated alcohols) and any combination thereof.

[0155] Advantageously, the composition comprises at least one cationic surfactant, preferably selected from organo-mineral polymers and any combination thereof; the organo-mineral polymer is preferably selected from siloxanes; preferably selected from alkyl siloxanes; preferably further selected from polydimethyl siloxanes and any combination thereof. Indeed, the antifungal efficacy of the composition is particularly high when it comprises such a cationic surfactant.

[0156] According to one embodiment of the composition comprising at least one cationic surfactant, the latter is preferably selected from organo-mineral polymers (such as siloxanes) and any combination thereof. Thus, according to this embodiment, in which the composition comprises at least one cationic surfactant, the cationic surfactant is advantageously selected from organo-mineral polymers (such as siloxanes) and any combination thereof.

[0157] Advantageously, the composition comprises at least one clay, preferably selected from the group of silicates and any combination thereof; the clay is preferably selected from the group of phyllosilicates, more preferably further from the group of kaolinites and any combination thereof. Indeed, the antifungal efficacy of the composition is particularly high when the composition comprises such a clay.

[0158] According to one embodiment of the composition comprising at least one clay, the latter is preferably selected from silicates (such as phyllosilicates) and any combination thereof. Thus, according to this embodiment, in which the composition comprises at least one clay, the clay is advantageously selected from silicates (such as phyllosilicates) and any combination thereof.

[0159] According to a preferred embodiment, the additional excipients of the composition comprise at least one anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactant, at least one nonionic surfactant, at least one cationic surfactant, and at least one clay; the anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactant, the nonionic surfactant, the cationic surfactant, and the clay are as defined above. In fact, the antifungal efficacy of the composition is particularly high when the composition comprises such a mixture of additional excipients.

[0160] According to one embodiment, the composition comprises: - a solvent, preferably an (essentially) biological solvent, preferably selected from aqueous solvents, more preferably selected from water, aqueous solutions of alcohols (e.g. ethanol), carboxylic acids (e.g. acetic acid), and any combination thereof; - a preservative (e.g., one selected from benzyl alcohol, dehydroacetic acid, and any combination thereof), preferably a preservative for (essentially) biological systems; - an antioxidant (e.g., one selected from chitosan, tocopherol (vitamin E), and any combination thereof), preferably an (essentially) biological antioxidant; - a coloring agent, preferably an (essentially) biological coloring agent; and - any combination of them, The composition further comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of:

[0161] Advantageously, the components selected from the solvent, the preservative, the antioxidant, the colorant, and any combination thereof are essentially biodegradable, preferably said components are biodegradable. Advantageously, the components selected from the solvent, the preservative, the antioxidant, the colorant, and any combination thereof are essentially of natural origin, preferably said components are of natural origin.

[0162] According to one embodiment, the composition is a composition that can be in liquid form (concentrated or not) or in solid form (concentrated or not), preferably in solid form, in which the additional excipient comprises or essentially consists of at least one anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactant, the content of which ranges from 0.1% to 40% by weight based on the total weight of the composition, preferably from 0.5% to 35% by weight based on the total weight of the composition, preferably from 1% to 30% by weight, preferably from 2% to 25% by weight, preferably from 2.5% to 20% by weight, preferably from 5% to 15% by weight, preferably from 7% to 13% by weight, preferably from 9% to 11% by weight, most preferably about 10% by weight. The composition is advantageously in solid form.

[0163] Alternatively or in combination, the composition can be in liquid form (concentrated or not) or in solid form (concentrated or not), preferably in solid form, in which the additional excipient comprises or essentially consists of at least one non-ionic surfactant, the content of which ranges from 0.01% to 40% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, preferably from 0.05% to 30% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, preferably from 0.1% to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.5% to 15% by weight, preferably from 1% to 10% by weight, preferably from 1% to 9% by weight, preferably from 2% to 8% by weight, preferably from 2.5% to 7.5% by weight. The composition is advantageously in solid form.

[0164] Alternatively or in combination, the composition can be in liquid form (concentrated or not) or in solid form (concentrated or not), preferably in solid form, in which the additional excipient comprises, consists essentially of or consists of at least one cationic surfactant, the content of which ranges from 0,001% to 30% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, preferably from 0.01% to 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, preferably from 0.05% to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.1% to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.2% to 4% by weight, preferably from 0.3% to 3% by weight, preferably from 0.4% to 2% by weight, preferably from 0.5% to 1.5% by weight, preferably about 1% by weight. The composition is advantageously in solid form.

[0165] Alternatively or in combination, the composition may be in liquid form (concentrated or not) or in solid form (concentrated or not), preferably in solid form, in which the additional excipient comprises, consists essentially of or consists of at least one clay, in which the clay content ranges from 0.5% to 60% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, preferably from 5% to 50% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, more preferably from 10% to 40% by weight, more preferably from 15% to 35% by weight, more preferably from 20% to 30% by weight, more preferably from 21% to 29% by weight, more preferably from 22% to 28% by weight. The composition is advantageously in solid form.

[0166] Thus, according to one embodiment, the composition (solid or liquid, preferably solid) comprises: i. the content of anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactant ranges from 0.1% to 40% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, preferably from 0.5% to 30% by weight, more preferably from 1% to 20% by weight, more preferably from 2% to 18% by weight, most preferably from 5% to 15% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition; or ii. the content of non-ionic surfactant ranges from 0.01% to 40% by weight based on the total weight of the composition, preferably from 0.05% to 30% by weight based on the total weight of the composition, preferably from 0.1% to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.5% to 15% by weight, preferably from 1% to 10% by weight; or iii. the content of cationic surfactant ranges from 0.001% to 30% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, preferably from 0.01% to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.1% to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.3% to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.5% to 2.5% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition; or iv. the clay content ranges from 0.5% to 60% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, preferably from 5% to 50% by weight, more preferably from 10% to 40% by weight, more preferably from 15% to 35% by weight, more preferably from 20% to 30% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition; or v. The content of the additional excipient is any combination of at least two of the characteristics selected from i to iv; It is characterized by:

[0167] The inventors have surprisingly shown that a composition comprising potassium bicarbonate, at least one excipient selected from anionic surfactants belonging to the taurate family, and at least one additional excipient selected from anionic polyelectrolyte polymeric surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, clays, and any combination thereof, allows for a strong and potent inhibition of the growth of phytopathogenic fungi, in particular powdery mildew, downy mildew and blight of vines and / or cucurbits and / or solanaceous plants. Thus, according to a preferred embodiment, the composition (in particular a solid composition) comprises: - potassium bicarbonate in a content ranging preferably from 5% to 90% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, preferably from 10% to 90% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, preferably from 15% to 85% by weight, preferably from 20% to 80% by weight, preferably from 25% to 75% by weight, preferably from 30% to 70% by weight, preferably from 35% to 70% by weight, preferably from 40% to 65% by weight, preferably from 45% to 65% by weight, preferably from 50% to 60% by weight; even more preferably, the content of potassium bicarbonate is about 55% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition; - at least one anionic surfactant belonging to the taurate family, with a content preferably ranging from 0.1% to 30% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, preferably from 0.5% to 25% by weight, preferably from 1% to 20% by weight, preferably from 1.5% to 15% by weight, preferably from 2% to 10% by weight, preferably from 2.5% to 8% by weight, preferably from 2.5% to 6.5% by weight and more preferably from 3% to 6% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition; - optionally at least one anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactant, preferably in an amount ranging from 0.1% to 40% by weight, preferably from 0.5% to 35%, preferably from 1% to 30% by weight, preferably from 2% to 25% by weight, preferably from 2.5% to 20%, preferably from 5% to 15% by weight, preferably from 7% to 13% by weight, preferably from 9% to 11% by weight, preferably about 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition; - optionally, at least one non-ionic surfactant, preferably in an amount ranging from 0.01% to 40% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, preferably from 0.05% to 30% by weight, preferably from 0.1% to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.5% to 15% by weight, preferably from 1% to 10% by weight, preferably from 1% to 9% by weight, preferably from 2% to 8% by weight, preferably from 2.5% to 7.5% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition; - optionally at least one cationic surfactant, preferably in an amount ranging from 0.001% to 30% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, preferably from 0.01% to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.05% to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.1% to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.2% to 4% by weight, preferably from 0.3% to 3% by weight, preferably from 0.4% to 2% by weight, preferably from 0.5% to 1.5% by weight, preferably about 1% by weight; - optionally at least one clay, preferably in an amount ranging from 0.5% to 60% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, preferably from 5% to 50% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, preferably from 10% to 40% by weight, preferably from 15% to 35% by weight, preferably from 20% to 30% by weight, preferably from 21% to 29% by weight, preferably from 22% to 28% by weight; optionally at least one solvent, preferably essentially biological, preferably water, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of.

[0168] According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the composition, in particular the solid composition, comprises: - a content of potassium bicarbonate ranging preferably from 5% to 90% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, preferably from 10% to 90% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, preferably from 15% to 85% by weight, preferably from 20% to 80% by weight, preferably from 25% to 75% by weight, preferably from 30% to 70% by weight, preferably from 35% to 70% by weight, preferably from 40% to 65% by weight, preferably from 45% to 65% by weight, preferably from 50% to 60% by weight; even more preferably, the content of potassium bicarbonate is approximately 55% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition; - at least one anionic surfactant belonging to the taurate family, with a content preferably ranging from 0.1% to 30% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, preferably from 0.5% to 25% by weight, preferably from 1% to 20% by weight, preferably from 1.5% to 15% by weight, preferably from 2% to 10% by weight, preferably from 2.5% to 8% by weight, preferably from 2.5% to 6.5% by weight and more preferably from 3% to 6% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition; - at least one anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactant in an amount preferably ranging from 0.1% to 40% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, preferably from 0.5% to 35% by weight, preferably from 1% to 30% by weight, preferably from 2% to 25% by weight, preferably from 2.5% to 20% by weight, preferably from 5% to 15% by weight, preferably from 7% to 13% by weight, preferably from 9% to 11% by weight, most preferably around 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition; - at least one non-ionic surfactant, preferably in an amount ranging from 0.01% to 40% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, preferably from 0.05% to 30% by weight, preferably from 0.1% to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.5% to 15% by weight, preferably from 1% to 10% by weight, preferably from 1% to 9% by weight, preferably from 2% to 8% by weight, preferably from 2.5% to 7.5% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition; - at least one cationic surfactant, preferably in an amount ranging from 0.001% to 30% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, preferably from 0.01% to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.05% to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.1% to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.2% to 4% by weight, preferably from 0.3% to 3% by weight, preferably from 0.4% to 2% by weight, preferably from 0.5% to 1.5% by weight, preferably about 1% by weight; - at least one clay in an amount preferably ranging from 0.5% to 60% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, preferably from 5% to 50% by weight, preferably from 10% to 40% by weight, preferably from 15% to 35% by weight, preferably from 20% to 30% by weight, preferably from 21% to 29% by weight, preferably from 22% to 28% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition; optionally at least one solvent (preferably essentially biological), preferably water, and

[0169] According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the various components listed above (potassium bicarbonate, anionic surfactants belonging to the taurate family, anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, clays, solvents) are essentially biodegradable, preferably biodegradable. Advantageously, the various components listed above (potassium bicarbonate, anionic surfactants belonging to the taurate family, anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, clays, solvents) are essentially of natural origin, preferably they are of natural origin.

[0170] The composition according to the present invention (in solid or liquid form) can further comprise additional excipients.The additional excipients can be, for example, glycerol.The composition according to the present invention is preferably essentially free of glycerol, more preferably free of glycerol, more preferably free of glycerol.In fact, data shows that the antifungal effect of the composition free of glycerol is superior to that of the composition comprising glycerol.

[0171] Advantageously, the composition is characterized in that it is suitable for phytosanitary use, preferably for antifungal use, preferably for antifungal use in the agricultural field, more preferably for antifungal use in the viticulture field. Advantageously, the composition is characterized in that it has a phytosanitary effect / activity, preferably an antifungal effect / activity, preferably an antifungal effect / activity in the agricultural field, more preferably an antifungal effect / activity in the viticulture field.

[0172] According to one embodiment, the composition is characterized in that it is a phytosanitary composition, preferably an antifungal composition.

[0173] Advantageously, the composition is characterized in that it comprises less than 25% of components of non-natural origin, preferably less than 20%, preferably less than 15%, preferably less than 10%, preferably less than 9%, preferably less than 8%, preferably less than 7%, preferably less than 6%, preferably less than 5%, preferably less than 4%, preferably less than 3%, preferably less than 2%, preferably less than 1%, preferably less than 0.5%, preferably less than 0.1% of components of non-natural origin; even more preferably, the composition is essentially free of components of non-natural origin; even more preferably, the composition is essentially composed of components of natural origin, said components of natural origin being preferably biodegradable and / or carrying a precautionary statement of low concern and / or being biological.

[0174] Advantageously, the composition is characterized in that it comprises at least 80% biological components, preferably at least 85%, preferably at least 90%, preferably at least 91%, preferably at least 92%, preferably at least 93%, preferably at least 94%, preferably at least 95%, preferably at least 96%, preferably at least 97%, preferably at least 98%, preferably at least 99%, preferably at least 99.5%, preferably at least 99.9% biological components; even more preferably, the composition consists essentially of biological components, said biological components being preferably of natural origin; even more preferably, the composition is characterized in that it consists essentially of non-biological components.

[0175] Advantageously, the composition is characterized in that it comprises at least 80% biodegradable components, preferably at least 85%, preferably at least 90%, preferably at least 91%, preferably at least 92%, preferably at least 93%, preferably at least 94%, preferably at least 95%, preferably at least 96%, preferably at least 97%, preferably at least 98%, preferably at least 99%, preferably at least 99.5%, preferably at least 99.9% biodegradable components; even more preferably, the composition is essentially composed of biodegradable components, said biodegradable components being preferably of natural origin; even more preferably, the composition is essentially free of non-biodegradable components and / or the composition is essentially free of non-living components.

[0176] According to a preferred embodiment, the composition is characterized in that it is essentially composed of biodegradable and / or natural and / or low concern and / or biological components, said components being preferably of natural origin.

[0177] Advantageously, the composition is obtained by a process comprising mixing the various components.

[0178] The present invention also provides: in a first container potassium bicarbonate; - in a second container, at least one excipient selected from anionic surfactants belonging to the taurate family; - optionally in a third container, at least one additional excipient selected from an anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, and any combination thereof; A kit comprising: The kit relates to a composition comprising the potassium bicarbonate, the excipient and the further excipient as defined above.

[0179] The present invention also provides: in a first container potassium bicarbonate; - in a second container, at least one excipient selected from anionic surfactants belonging to the taurate family; - optionally in a third container, at least one additional excipient selected from anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, clays, and any combination thereof; A kit comprising: The kit relates to a composition comprising the potassium bicarbonate, the excipient and the further excipient, each of which is as defined above in relation to the composition.

[0180] The present invention also provides: in a first container potassium bicarbonate; - in a second container, at least one excipient selected from anionic surfactants belonging to the taurate family; - in a third container, at least one additional excipient selected from an anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, and any combination thereof; - optionally in a fourth container, at least one additional excipient selected from clays; A kit comprising: The present invention relates to a kit, wherein the potassium bicarbonate, the excipient, the additional excipient and the further excipient are as defined above in relation to the composition.

[0181] Advantageously, potassium bicarbonate and at least one excipient selected from anionic surfactants belonging to the taurate family are present in the same container (first container = second container). Alternatively, potassium bicarbonate and at least one additional excipient are present in the same container (first container = third container). Alternatively, at least one excipient selected from anionic surfactants belonging to the taurate family and at least one additional excipient are present in the same container (second container = third container).

[0182] Advantageously, the kit comprises instructions (or guides) for use.

[0183] The present invention also provides: - in a first container, a composition as defined above (e.g. in liquid or solid form); - In the second container: a solvent, preferably a (substantially) bio-based solvent, preferably selected from aqueous solvents, more preferably water, aqueous solutions of alcohols (e.g. ethanol), carboxylic acids (e.g. acetic acid), and any combination thereof; A preservative (e.g., selected from benzyl alcohol, dehydroacetic acid, and any combination thereof), preferably a preservative for (essentially) biological systems; · An antioxidant (e.g. selected from chitosans, tocopherols (vitamin E), and any combination thereof), preferably a preservative for (essentially) biological systems; a colorant, preferably an (essentially) biological colorant; and any combination thereof; At least one additional component selected from the group consisting of: The present invention relates to a kit comprising:

[0184] Advantageously, the components selected from the solvent, the preservative, the antioxidant, the colorant, and any combination thereof are essentially biodegradable, preferably said components are biodegradable. Advantageously, the components selected from the solvent, the preservative, the antioxidant, the colorant, and any combination thereof are essentially of natural origin, preferably said components are of natural origin.

[0185] Advantageously, the additional component is a solvent. In particular, this configuration makes it possible to prepare a ready-to-use liquid composition by diluting a concentrated liquid or solid form, for example a composition in a first container.

[0186] use The inventors have shown that a composition comprising potassium bicarbonate and at least one excipient selected from the anionic surfactants belonging to the taurate family, preferably a phytosanitarily acceptable excipient and / or preferably an excipient essentially of biological origin and / or preferably of natural origin and / or preferably accompanied by a precautionary statement of low concern, makes it possible to effectively protect and / or treat agricultural crops, in particular vines, cucurbits and / or solanaceous plants. Surprisingly, the inventors have demonstrated that such a composition has a pronounced antifungal effect, making it possible to potently inhibit the growth of phytopathogenic fungi. Thus, the data in the following examples unexpectedly show that application of this composition allows for highly effective protection and / or treatment of crops (such as vines, cucurbits, and / or solanaceous plants) against phytopathogenic fungi, in particular powdery mildew, downy mildew, and cucurbit and / or solanaceous blight. The inventors also surprisingly showed that this new formulation exhibits significantly improved adhesion, spreading, resistance to leaching, and longevity properties on vines, cucurbits, and solanaceous leaves. The inventors demonstrated long-lasting leaching protection. As a result, the frequency of treatment applications can be kept to a minimum, limiting costs and environmental impact. The data also show that such compositions are not phytotoxic to crops.

[0187] The present invention therefore: For treating and / or protecting agricultural crops, preferably vines, cucurbits, or solanaceous plants (preferably potatoes), and any combination thereof, also preferably vines. - with potassium bicarbonate; - at least one excipient selected from anionic surfactants belonging to the taurate family, preferably a phytosanitarily acceptable excipient and / or preferably an essentially biological excipient; The present invention relates to the use of a composition comprising, consisting essentially of, consisting essentially of, or consisting of.

[0188] The present invention further comprises: For treating and / or protecting agricultural crops, preferably vines, cucurbits, solanaceae (preferably potato), and any combination thereof, more preferably vines. - with potassium bicarbonate; - at least one excipient chosen from anionic surfactants belonging to the taurate family, preferably a phytosanitarily acceptable excipient and / or preferably an essentially biological excipient and / or of natural origin and / or preferably accompanied by a precautionary statement of low concern; at least one additional excipient selected from anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, and any combination thereof; Use of a composition comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of The anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactant is preferably selected from sulfonates, and any combination thereof; the nonionic surfactant is preferably selected from ethoxylated alcohols, and any combination thereof; the cationic surfactant is preferably selected from organo-mineral polymers, and any combination thereof; said additional excipient is preferably water-soluble; said additional excipient is preferably a phytosanitarily acceptable excipient, and / or preferably an essentially biological excipient, and / or of natural origin, and / or preferably an excipient carrying a precautionary statement of low concern, Regarding use.

[0189] The present invention also provides: For treating and / or protecting agricultural crops, preferably vines, cucurbits, solanaceae (preferably potato), and any combination thereof, more preferably vines. - with potassium bicarbonate; - at least one excipient chosen from anionic surfactants belonging to the taurate family, preferably a phytosanitarily acceptable excipient and / or preferably an essentially biological excipient and / or of natural origin and / or preferably accompanied by a precautionary statement of low concern; - at least one additional excipient selected from anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, and any combination thereof; Use of a composition comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of the anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactant is selected from sulfonates, and any combination thereof; the nonionic surfactant is selected from ethoxylated alcohols, and any combination thereof; the cationic surfactant is selected from organo-mineral polymers, and any combination thereof; said additional excipient is preferably water-soluble; said additional excipient is preferably a phytosanitarily acceptable excipient, and / or preferably an essentially biological excipient, and / or of natural origin, and / or preferably an excipient carrying a precautionary statement of low concern, Regarding use.

[0190] The present invention further comprises: For treating and / or protecting agricultural crops, preferably vines, cucurbits, solanaceae (preferably potato), and any combination thereof, more preferably vines. - with potassium bicarbonate; - at least one excipient chosen from anionic surfactants belonging to the taurate family, preferably a phytosanitarily acceptable excipient and / or preferably an essentially biological excipient and / or of natural origin and / or preferably accompanied by a precautionary statement of low concern; - at least one additional excipient selected from anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, clays, and any combination thereof; Use of a composition comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of The anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactant is preferably selected from sulfonates, and any combination thereof; the nonionic surfactant is preferably selected from ethoxylated alcohols, and any combination thereof; the cationic surfactant is preferably selected from organo-mineral polymers, and any combination thereof, and the clays are preferably selected from silicates, and any combination thereof; said additional excipient is preferably water-soluble; said additional excipient is preferably a phytosanitarily acceptable excipient, and / or preferably an essentially biological excipient, and / or of natural origin, and / or preferably an excipient carrying a precautionary statement of low concern, Regarding use.

[0191] The present invention particularly relates to the use of the compositions defined above (especially in the "Definitions" and "Compositions" sections above) to treat and / or protect agricultural crops, preferably vines, cucurbits, solanaceae (preferably potato), and any combination thereof, also preferably vines.

[0192] The composition can be used in liquid or solid form (powder, granules, tablets, or any combination thereof). Indeed, the inventors have shown that the composition can be effectively used in either liquid or solid form to protect and / or treat crops. The composition can be applied to crops in liquid form or in solid form (particularly in powder form). When the composition is applied in liquid form, it can be in liquid form so that it is ready to use or (for compositions in concentrated form) so that it is diluted. The composition can also be in solid form, in which case it can be diluted in a suitable solvent before use (e.g., without prior preparation or for short, medium or long term storage before use). In particular, the liquid composition can be in concentrated form (which can be diluted, for example, to 20 times concentrated, or 15 times, 10 times, 8 times, 5 times, 4 times, 3 times, or 2 times concentrated, before use) or in ready to use form. The composition has antifungal efficacy regardless of its form.

[0193] If the composition is used in liquid form (particularly as a ready-to-use liquid composition, possibly after dilution of a concentrated liquid composition or after dissolution of a solid composition), the potassium bicarbonate content ranges from 5 to 60 grams per liter (g / L) of the composition, preferably from 8 to 55 g / L, preferably from 10 to 50 g / L, preferably from 15 to 45 g / L, preferably from 20 to 40 g / L, preferably from 25 to 35 g / L, preferably from 28 to 33 g / L, preferably from 30 to 35 g / L of the applied composition. Indeed, data show that crop protection and / or treatment efficacy, especially antifungal activity, is particularly high when the potassium bicarbonate concentration ranges from 5 to 60 g / L in the liquid composition applied to the crops.

[0194] According to one embodiment, the composition is used in the form of an aqueous solution, preferably in the form of a sprayable aqueous solution, and even more preferably in the form of an aerosol.Advantageously, the composition is applied to the crop by spraying and / or evaporation and / or projection.Therefore, the composition can be sprayed and / or evaporation and / or projection on the crop.

[0195] According to one embodiment, the use is characterized by applying the composition to the crop before or after harvesting said crop, preferably by spraying and / or evaporation and / or projection, and thus the use of the composition comprises, consists of or essentially consists of the application of the composition to said crop before or after harvesting said crop.

[0196] According to one embodiment, the composition further comprises at least one additional excipient selected from anionic polyelectrolyte polymeric surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, clays, and any combination thereof; said additional excipient is preferably water soluble (said additional excipients are preferably as defined above (especially in the "Definitions" and "Composition" sections above)).

[0197] Advantageously, the use is a phytosanitary use.

[0198] According to one embodiment, the use of the composition comprises, consists of or consists essentially of protecting agricultural crops (in particular vines, cucurbits, solanaceae (preferably potato) and any combination thereof, also preferably vines) from pathogenic fungi and / or mycoses.

[0199] According to one embodiment, the use of the composition comprises, consists of or consists essentially of treating agricultural crops (in particular vines, cucurbits, solanaceous plants (preferably potatoes) and any combinations thereof, also preferably vines) from pathogenic fungi and / or mycoses.

[0200] According to one embodiment, the use of the composition comprises, consists of or consists essentially of protecting and / or treating agricultural crops (in particular vines, cucurbits, solanaceous plants (preferably potatoes) and any combinations thereof, also preferably vines) from pathogenic fungi and / or mycoses.

[0201] Alternatively, or in combination, the use of the composition comprises, consists of, or consists essentially of suppressing pathogenic fungi and / or mycoses on agricultural crops, in particular vines, cucurbits, solanaceae (preferably potato), and any combination thereof, more preferably vines.

[0202] According to one embodiment, the use is for treating and / or protecting agricultural crops (in particular vines, cucurbits, Solanaceae (preferably potato) and any combinations thereof, again preferably vines) and / or for inhibiting the growth of fungal pathogens and / or fungal diseases on agricultural crops (in particular vines, cucurbits, Solanaceae (preferably potato) and any combinations thereof, again preferably vines).

[0203] According to an embodiment, the pathogenic fungus is selected from phytopathogenic fungi, in particular from vine downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola), vine powdery mildew (Unchinula necator and / or Erysiphe necator), vine blight (Botrytis cinerea), solanaceous downy mildew (Phytophthora paragtica and / or Phytophthora infestans), cucurbit downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) and any combination thereof, preferably from vine downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola).

[0204] The present invention also relates to the use of a kit as defined above to treat and / or protect agricultural crops, preferably vines, cucurbits, solanaceae (preferably potatoes), and any combination thereof; more preferably vines. The present invention also relates to the use of a composition obtained (or obtainable or readily obtainable) by a kit as defined above to treat and / or protect agricultural crops, preferably vines, cucurbits, or solanaceae (preferably potatoes), and any combination thereof; also preferably vines. Advantageously, the use of the kit and the composition obtained (or obtainable or readily obtainable) by the kit is as defined above in relation to the composition.

[0205] method The present invention relates to a method for protecting and / or treating crops, comprising applying a composition as defined above or a composition prepared from a kit as defined above (in particular a composition obtained or obtainable or readily obtainable by a kit) to the crops to be protected and / or treated, the crops being preferably lianas, cucurbits, solanaceae (preferably potato) and any combination thereof; more preferably lianas.

[0206] The present invention therefore: - with potassium bicarbonate; - at least one excipient chosen from anionic surfactants belonging to the taurate family, preferably a phytosanitarily acceptable excipient and / or preferably an essentially biological excipient and / or of natural origin and / or preferably accompanied by a precautionary statement of low concern; 1. A method for protecting and / or treating crops comprising applying (to the crops to be treated or in the vicinity of said crops) a composition comprising, or consisting essentially of, or consisting essentially of, The method relates to a method in which the crop preferably comprises vines, gourds, or solanaceous plants (preferably potatoes), and any combination thereof; also preferably vines.

[0207] The present invention further comprises: - with potassium bicarbonate; - at least one excipient chosen from anionic surfactants belonging to the taurate family, preferably a phytosanitarily acceptable excipient and / or preferably an essentially biological excipient and / or of natural origin and / or preferably accompanied by a precautionary statement of low concern; - at least one additional excipient selected from anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, and any combination thereof; 1. A method for protecting and / or treating crops comprising applying (to or in the vicinity of the crops to be treated) a composition comprising, or consisting essentially of, or consisting of The anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactant is preferably selected from sulfonates, and any combination thereof; the nonionic surfactant is preferably selected from ethoxylated alcohols, and any combination thereof; the cationic surfactant is preferably selected from organo-mineral polymers, and any combination thereof; said additional excipient is preferably water soluble; said additional excipient is preferably a phytosanitarily acceptable excipient, and / or preferably an essentially biological excipient, and / or of natural origin and / or preferably an excipient carrying a precautionary statement of low concern; The method relates to a method in which the crop preferably comprises vines, gourds, or solanaceous plants (preferably potatoes), and any combination thereof; also preferably vines.

[0208] The present invention also provides: - with potassium bicarbonate; - at least one excipient chosen from anionic surfactants belonging to the taurate family, preferably a phytosanitarily acceptable excipient and / or preferably an essentially biological excipient and / or of natural origin and / or preferably accompanied by a precautionary statement of low concern; - at least one additional excipient selected from anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, and any combination thereof; 1. A method for protecting and / or treating crops comprising applying (to or in the vicinity of the crops to be treated) a composition comprising, or consisting essentially of, or consisting of The anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactant is selected from sulfonates, and any combination thereof; the nonionic surfactant is selected from ethoxylated alcohols, and any combination thereof; the cationic surfactant is selected from organo-mineral polymers, and any combination thereof; said additional excipient is preferably water soluble; said additional excipient is preferably a phytosanitarily acceptable excipient, and / or preferably an essentially biological excipient, and / or of natural origin and / or preferably an excipient carrying a precautionary statement of low concern; The method relates to a method wherein the crop preferably comprises vines, gourds, or solanaceae (preferably potato), and any combination thereof; more preferably vines.

[0209] The present invention further comprises: - with potassium bicarbonate; - at least one excipient chosen from anionic surfactants belonging to the taurate family, preferably a phytosanitarily acceptable excipient and / or preferably an essentially biological excipient and / or of natural origin and / or preferably accompanied by a precautionary statement of low concern; - at least one additional excipient selected from anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, clays, and any combination thereof; 1. A method for protecting and / or treating crops comprising applying (to or in the vicinity of the crops to be treated) a composition comprising, or consisting essentially of, or consisting of The anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactant is preferably selected from sulfonates, and any combination thereof; the nonionic surfactant is preferably selected from ethoxylated alcohols, and any combination thereof; the cationic surfactant is preferably selected from organo-mineral polymers, and any combination thereof, and the clays are preferably selected from silicates, and any combination thereof; The anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactant is preferably selected from sulfonates, and any combination thereof; the nonionic surfactant is preferably selected from ethoxylated alcohols, and any combination thereof; the cationic surfactant is preferably selected from organo-mineral polymers, and any combination thereof, and the clays are preferably selected from silicates, and any combination thereof; The present invention particularly relates to a method of treating and / or protecting agricultural crops, preferably lianas, cucurbits, solanaceae (preferably potato), and any combination thereof; more preferably lianas, comprising applying a composition as defined above (particularly in the "Definition" and "Composition" sections above).

[0210] The inventors have shown that the composition can be effectively used to protect and / or treat crops in either liquid or solid form. Thus, the composition can be applied to crops in liquid or solid form (particularly in powder form). When the composition is applied in liquid form, it can be in a liquid form that is ready and easy to use or to be diluted (in concentrated form). The composition can also be in solid form, in which case it can be diluted in a suitable solvent before application (e.g., without prior preparation or for short, medium or long term storage before use). In particular, the liquid composition can be in concentrated form (which can be diluted before use, e.g., 20 times concentrated, or 15 times, 10 times, 8 times, 5 times, 4 times, 3 times or 2 times concentrated) or in a ready to use form. The composition has antifungal efficacy regardless of its form.

[0211] If the composition is used in liquid form (particularly as a ready-to-use liquid composition, possibly after dilution of a concentrated liquid composition, or after dissolution of a solid composition), the potassium bicarbonate content ranges from 5 to 60 grams per liter (g / L) of the composition, preferably from 8 to 55 g / L, preferably from 10 to 50 g / L, preferably from 15 to 45 g / L, preferably from 20 to 40 g / L, preferably from 25 to 35 g / L, preferably from 28 to 33 g / L, preferably from 30 to 35 g / L of the applied composition. Indeed, data show that crop protection and / or treatment efficacy, especially antifungal activity, is particularly high when the potassium bicarbonate concentration is in the range of 5 to 60 g / L in the liquid composition applied to the crops.

[0212] According to one embodiment, the composition is applied in the form of an aqueous solution, preferably in the form of a sprayable aqueous solution, more preferably in the form of an aerosol. Advantageously, the composition is applied to the crop by spraying and / or evaporation and / or projection. Thus, the composition can be sprayed and / or evaporated and / or projected onto the crop. In this case, the method comprises the step of spraying and / or evaporation and / or projecting the composition onto the crop.

[0213] According to one embodiment, the method is characterized in that the composition is applied to the crop before or after harvesting said crop, preferably by spraying and / or evaporation and / or projection.Thus, the method comprises, consists of or consists essentially of the step of applying the composition to said crop before or after harvesting said crop.

[0214] Advantageously, the method is a phytosanitary method. The method may therefore be a phytosanitary treatment and / or a protection and / or control method.

[0215] According to one embodiment, the method comprises, consists of or consists essentially of protecting agricultural crops (in particular vines, cucurbits, or solanaceous plants (preferably potatoes), and any combination thereof; more preferably vines) from pathogenic fungi and / or mycoses.

[0216] According to one embodiment, the method comprises, consists of or consists essentially of treating an agricultural crop (in particular a vine, a cucurbit or a solanaceous plant (preferably potato) and any combination thereof; more preferably a vine) against pathogenic fungi and / or mycoses.

[0217] According to one embodiment, the method comprises, consists of or consists essentially of protecting and / or treating agricultural crops (in particular vines, cucurbits, or solanaceous plants (preferably potatoes), and any combination thereof; more preferably vines) from fungal pathogens and / or mycoses.

[0218] Alternatively, or in combination, the method comprises, consists of, or consists essentially of suppressing pathogenic fungi and / or mycoses on agricultural crops (particularly vines, cucurbits, or Solanaceae (preferably potato), and any combination thereof; more preferably vines).

[0219] According to one embodiment, the method is for protecting and / or treating agricultural crops (particularly vines, cucurbits, or Solanaceae (preferably potato), and any combination thereof; more preferably vines) and / or inhibiting the growth of fungal pathogens and / or fungal diseases on agricultural crops (particularly vines, cucurbits, or Solanaceae (preferably potato), and any combination thereof; also preferably vines).

[0220] According to an embodiment, the pathogenic fungus is selected from phytopathogenic fungi, in particular from vine downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola), vine powdery mildew (Unchinula necator and / or Erysiphe necator), vine blight (Botrytis cinerea), solanaceous downy mildew (Phytophthora paragtica and / or Phytophthora infestans), cucurbit downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) and any combination thereof, preferably from vine downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola).

[0221] According to one embodiment, the pathogenic fungus is selected from phytopathogenic fungi, in particular from vine downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola), vine powdery mildew (Unchinula necator and / or Erysiphe necator), vine blight (Botrytis cinerea), solanaceous downy mildew (Phytophthora paragtica and / or Phytophthora infestans), cucurbit downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) and any combination thereof, preferably from vine downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola).

[0222] The present invention particularly relates to a method for protecting agricultural crops from pathogenic fungi and / or mycoses, treating agricultural crops from pathogenic fungi and / or mycoses, suppressing pathogenic fungi and / or mycoses on agricultural crops, and any combination thereof, comprising the application of a composition as defined above; wherein the agricultural crops are preferably lianas, cucurbits, Solanaceae (preferably potato), and any combination thereof; more preferably lianas. The present invention also relates to a method for producing a composition comprising the steps of: a) preparing a composition as defined above, comprising, for example, diluting a concentrated or solid composition with a suitable solvent as defined above and / or using a kit as defined above; b) applying the composition according to step a) to the medium to be treated; The present invention relates to a method for protecting and / or treating crops comprising the steps of:

[0223] Advantageously, in step b), the composition of step a) is applied without prior preparation. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0224] [Figure 1] Growth inhibition curves as a function of different concentrations for each of the five compositions tested (Prod 1-5 of Example 2) for P. viticola strains A: PV221; B: PV1538-1; C: PV413-1. [Diagram 2] Growth inhibition curves as a function of different concentrations for each of compositions 1 to 5 (Prod 1-5 of Example 2, shown in Panels A to E, respectively) for P. viticola strains PV221; PV1538-1; PV413-1. [Diagram 3] IC50 and MIC values ​​obtained for each composition (Prod 1-5 from Example 2) and each downy mildew strain (P. viticola). [Figure 4] Mean IC50 and MIC values ​​obtained for each composition (Prod 1-5 from Example 2). [Diagram 5] Growth inhibition curves for P. viticola strains PV221; PV1538-1; PV413-1 as a function of different concentrations for each of the six compositions tested (Prod 1-6 of Example 3). [Figure 6] Growth inhibition curves as a function of different concentrations for P. viticola strains PV221; PV1538-1; PV413-1, respectively, of Compositions 1 to 6 (Products 1-6 of Example 3). [Figure 7] IC50 and MIC values ​​obtained for each composition (Prod 1-6 from Example 3) and each downy mildew strain (P. viticola). [Figure 8] Mean IC50 and MIC values ​​obtained for each composition (Prod 1-6 from Example 3). [Figure 9] Mildew growth inhibition curves observed on vines treated with three doses (D1, D2 and D3) of four products (Products 1-4 in Example 4) over time: immediately after the first treatment (D0-T1), 7 days after the first treatment (D7-T1), immediately after the second treatment (D0-T2) and 7 days after the second treatment (D7-T2). [Figure 10]Mildew growth inhibition curves observed on climbing plants treated with the average concentrations of the four products (D2) during the course of the experiment. [Figure 11] Area under the downy mildew growth inhibition progression curve (AUDPC) obtained during the trial. The growth inhibition curve data in Figure 10 were converted to a single value. Values ​​are the mean ± SD of the AUDPC obtained. [Figure 12] Graph showing the average percentage inhibition of fungal growth by Products 1-4 compared to control conditions (sprayed with sterile water) after leaching. A) Minor leaching (rainfall: 25mm in 4 hours). B) Severe leaching (thunderstorm: 20mm in 20 minutes). EXAMPLES

[0225] Example 1: Fine-tuning of the formulation As part of its overall environmental approach, Chateau Montrose is committed to eco-friendly viticulture based on organic principles. Mildew is one of the most problematic diseases in Bordeaux, due to the region's location on the ocean front (humid climate). To combat this disease organically, only copper is actually effective. Moreover, in organic viticulture, only copper is approved for use against mildew (Plasmopara viticola). And yet, with treatment after treatment, copper increasingly gets into and contaminates the vineyard soil year after year. In addition, copper could be used up to 6 kg / ha / year until 2018, and from 2019 up to 4 kg / ha / year. As the status of copper and its use is reviewed every 5 years at European level, it seemed strategic for Chateau Montrose to be ahead of the curve in viticulture without this metal.

[0226] As part of its research and development activities led by Vincent Decup, Château Montrose sought solutions that could eventually replace copper in whole or in part. Château Montrose wanted to develop an alternative formulation based on potassium bicarbonate, a by-product of its alcoholic fermentation. Potassium bicarbonate is already known to limit the development of powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator or Uncinula necator), downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) and grey mold (Botrytis cinerea) in viticulture. However, aqueous potassium bicarbonate solutions, without the use of excipients, have poor adhesion and spreading properties on the treated vines (especially on the leaves of vines). Moreover, these solutions are easily leached by the weather (especially rainwater) when applied to the treated fields. It would therefore be advantageous to have new bicarbonate compositions that have optimized antifungal activity, better adhesion, better spreading, resistance to leaching, and increased longevity on vine, cucurbit, and solanaceous leaves, while at the same time being suitable for use in organic farming, especially organic viticulture.

[0227] Château Montrose therefore tested for the first time the effect of this molecule on downy mildew, powdery mildew and vine blight, confirming its efficacy and demonstrating its safety. The effect of potassium bicarbonate on these plant pathogens was significant and at concentrations that were acceptable to the plant in terms of phytotoxicity. Château Montrose then decided to formulate this active ingredient, potassium bicarbonate, to improve / optimize the efficacy of this product. Throughout this work, the goal was to find an excipient / adjuvant to be added to potassium bicarbonate that would make it possible to improve the spreading of this product on the leaves, its adhesion and to prevent the product from leaching out with rainwater when applied in the field. Only 100% biobased (derived from living organisms) compounds that are acceptable from a phytosanitary point of view were tested in the formulation process.

[0228] The general composition of the compositions tested (in solid or liquid form) is given in Table 1. [Table 1]

[0229] 1.1. Active ingredient: Potassium bicarbonate Château Montrose has developed a particularly ecologically interesting and highly efficient process for the production of potassium bicarbonate. Château Montrose has shown that it is possible to obtain high purity potassium bicarbonate from alcoholic fermentation, for example wine fermentation. During alcoholic fermentation, for example the conversion of grapes to wine, carbon dioxide is released. In the process we have developed, this carbon dioxide is captured by a system of pipes and then transported outside the winery to a column in which a potassium carbonate solution is present. As the carbon dioxide bubbles through this solution, it combines with the carbonates to form bicarbonates, which crystallize when the medium is saturated. The powder thus formed is extracted in the column and placed in bags of 500 kg to 1 T.

[0230] Thanks to this process, Château Montrose was able to produce more than two tonnes of potassium bicarbonate in 2018.

[0231] The potassium bicarbonate used in the compositions according to the invention can be obtained / produced by any suitable process, however, biological potassium bicarbonate, particularly obtained by alcoholic fermentation (as described above), is preferred.

[0232] This process therefore has the triple benefit of recovering gases produced during wine fermentation, producing compounds of industrial and economic importance, and limiting the release of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas harmful to the ozone layer.

[0233] 1.2 Development of solid form compositions 1.2.1. Concentration of active ingredient (potassium bicarbonate) Tests were conducted to determine the optimum concentration of potassium bicarbonate in a solid composition (e.g., powder). These tests revealed that the optimum concentration of potassium bicarbonate is in the range of 50% to 62% (approximately).

[0234] 1.2.2. Excipient Selection The data show that anionic surfactants from the taurate family (especially N-methyl taurates), anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactants (especially sulfonates), nonionic surfactants (especially ethoxylated alcohols), cationic surfactants (especially organo-mineral polymers), and clays (especially silicates) are particularly suitable. Indeed, the miscibility of potassium bicarbonate with these excipients is optimal (data not shown).

[0235] 1.2.3. Optimization of the composition The most favorable results are observed with the optimized compositions set forth in Table 2 below. [Table 2]

[0236] Example 2: Superior antibacterial activity of the composition according to the invention Compositions tested: Product 1:20A20SL01 Product 2:20B14GR01 Product 3:20B17GR01 Product 4:20B18GR01 Product 5: 20B14GR01 + adjuvant (5% glycerin solution in 10% potassium bicarbonate).

[0237] Products 2 and 5 are compositions according to the invention, the solid compositions of which are given in Table 2 above and reproduced in Table 3 below (the composition of Product 5 is identical to that of Product 2, except that an adjuvant is additionally present).

[0238] Products 1, 3, and 4 are comparative products and their compositions are shown in Table 3 below. [Table 3]

[0239] 2.1. Purpose The objective of this trial was to evaluate the efficacy of five potassium bicarbonate-based formulations (products 1-5) against plant pathogens, specifically downy mildew, and to define the minimum inhibitory concentration.

[0240] Materials and Methods 2.2.1. Plant material The production was carried out in a greenhouse using leaf cuttings taken from shoots potted in greenhouse compost under a 16 hour photoperiod. The minimum time required to obtain plants with 4 to 5 well developed leaves was approximately 4 weeks.

[0241] The 3rd and 4th top leaves of 2-month-old plants were used for the various tests. Laboratory experiments were carried out on 18 mm diameter leaf discs.

[0242] 2.2.2. Fungal materials Downy mildew is a strictly obligate pathogen, which means that it cannot grow in the absence of its host plant.

[0243] The laboratory has a collection of monospore strains obtained from field collections stored at -20°C. The strains used in these tests are referred to as identifiers PV221, PV413-1, and PV1538-1. Tests were performed on 18 mm diameter leaf discs placed in petri dishes with the upper surface in contact with Whatman paper.

[0244] 2.2.3. Methods: In vitro potency testing The different concentrations of the preparations are applied to the leaf discs using an airbrush immediately before inoculation (without prior priming) and the discs are then air-dried for 1 hour.

[0245] A control is performed by applying an identical volume of sterile distilled water to the leaf discs.

[0246] Inoculation is performed using a sporangium suspension prepared at between 5,000 and 10,000 sporangia / ml, using 3 drops of 15 μl per leaf disc.

[0247] Treatment efficacy is determined by visual assessment of pathogen development after 7 days at 22° C. Results are expressed as the mean percentage inhibition of fungal growth compared to the control modality sprayed with sterile water, which is given by the following calculation: % Inhibition = 100 x 1 - (% Growth "Treated" / % Growth "Control")

[0248] Values ​​corresponding to the dose inhibiting 50% of fungal growth (IC50) and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) are determined using a graphical representation of the percentage inhibition as a function of product concentration, making it possible to set field applicable doses.

[0249] Two independent experiments are performed for each test.

[0250] 2.3. Results Tests were performed on strains PV221, PV413-1, and PV1538-1 using one box of eight treated leaf discs per modality and six different concentrations of each formulation tested (0 g / L, 0.35 g / L, 0.65 g / L, 1.25 g / L, 2.5 g / L, 5 g / L, and 10 g / L).

[0251] 2.3.1. Antifungal activity The results are shown in Figures 1 and 2. The data show that all five products tested are capable of inhibiting the growth of the different mildew strains tested. The data shows that product efficacy can vary depending on the composition tested as well as the strain tested.

[0252] Under the conditions tested, products 2 and 5 were more effective on the PV221 and PV 1538-1 strains than products 1 and 4, with product 3 showing intermediate potency. Product 4 appears to be more effective on the PV413-1 strain than the others (Figure 1).

[0253] The potency of each product is shown in Figure 2. Importantly, products 2 and 5 were particularly active under the conditions tested, demonstrating consistent potency across all strains.

[0254] Moreover, the results obtained show a significant effect on the strains: in fact, the efficacy of the five formulations seems more homogeneous on the strains PV-221 and PV1538-1, although this is less so on the strain PV413-1.

[0255] Products 2 and 5 show similar and particularly high efficacy regardless of the strain tested, while under the conditions tested product 1 appears to be less effective against strain PV-221 and product 3 appears to be less effective against strain PV1538-1.

[0256] 2.3.2. Calculation of IC50 and MC Based on the equations of the curves obtained (Figures 1 and 2), it is possible to determine IC50 values ​​(the value of x that gives a value of 50 or 100 in y). The IC50 and MIC values ​​obtained are shown in Figure 3 and in Table 4 below. [Table 4]

[0257] The calculated IC50 values ​​for the different compositions vary between 0.06 g / L (product 4, PV413-1) and 2.24 g / L (product 1, PV221), i.e. by a factor of 37, while the MICs vary between 0.68 g / L (product 1, PV1538-1) and 4.55 g / L (product 1, PV221), i.e. by a factor of almost 7 (Figure 3 and Table 4).

[0258] The average IC50 and MIC values ​​(in g / L) obtained for the five compositions are shown in FIG. 4 and Table 5 below. [Table 5]

[0259] 2.3.3. Comparison with potassium bicarbonate solution Mean IC50 and MIC values ​​are calculated for the aqueous potassium bicarbonate formulation without any excipients (water + KHCO3 formulation) according to the methods described in paragraphs 2.2.3 and 2.3.1 above. An aqueous sodium bicarbonate formulation without any other excipients (water + NaHCO3 formulation) is also used as a control.

[0260] The results obtained are tabulated in Table 6 below. [Table 6]

[0261] The data show that the IC50 (dose inhibiting 50% of fungal growth) and MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) values ​​obtained with products 2 and 5 (compositions according to the invention) are significantly lower than those obtained with aqueous potassium bicarbonate or sodium bicarbonate solutions, highlighting the superior efficacy of the compositions according to the invention against downy mildew compared to unformulated active ingredients (aqueous potassium bicarbonate or sodium bicarbonate solutions).

[0262] The IC50 values ​​obtained with comparative products 1, 3 and 4 show no significant difference from those obtained with aqueous potassium bicarbonate under the conditions tested, whereas these products have significantly lower MIC values ​​than aqueous sodium bicarbonate.

[0263] Thus, the MIC values ​​of each of the tested products (1-5) compared to the unformulated active ingredient (aqueous solution of potassium bicarbonate or sodium bicarbonate) reveal a significant improvement in the antifungal efficacy of each of the tested products (1.23 g / L to 2.96 g / L, respectively, compared to 5.6 g / L).

[0264] Overall, these data show that the various products tested have an antifungal effect that inhibits the growth of the fungus that causes downy mildew on vines. The data show that products 1 to 5 have a significant and satisfactory antifungal effect. In particular, the best results were obtained with products 2 and 5 under the conditions tested. The compositions of products 2 and 5 thus significantly improve the efficacy of potassium bicarbonate. The addition of an adjuvant to the formulation of product 5 did not significantly alter the efficacy of product 2 under the conditions tested.

[0265] The adhesive, spreading, resistance to leaching and shelf life properties of each of products 1-5 are tested on vine leaves and compared to the properties of an aqueous potassium bicarbonate solution.

[0266] Products 1-5, and specifically Products 2 and 5, show improved adhesion, spreading, resistance to leaching, and longevity on vine leaves compared to aqueous potassium bicarbonate solutions.

[0267] Example 3: Superior antibacterial activity of the composition according to the present invention Compositions tested: Product 1:20F16GR01 Product 2:20F17GR01 Product 3:20F26WG01 Product 4:20F29WG01 Product 5:20G08WG01 Product 6:20G09WG01

[0268] Products 1 to 6 are compositions according to the present invention, the solid compositions of which are given in Table 2 above.

[0269] 3.1. Purpose The objective of this trial was to evaluate the efficacy of six additional potassium bicarbonate-based compositions according to the invention (products 1 to 6) against plant pathogens, in particular downy mildew, and to define the minimum inhibitory concentration.

[0270] Materials and Methods 3.2.1. Plant material Plant material is as in Example 2 (lianas) and prepared as in Example 2 (paragraph 2.2.1 above).

[0271] 3.2.2. Fungal materials The fungal material is as in Example 2 (downy mildew) and prepared as in Example 2 (paragraph 2.2.2 above).

[0272] 3.2.3 - Methods: In vivo efficacy testing The different concentrations of the preparations are applied to the leaf discs using an airbrush (without prior priming) immediately prior to inoculation with the pathogen. The discs are then air-dried for 1 hour.

[0273] A control is performed by applying an identical volume of sterile distilled water to the leaves of the plants.

[0274] Inoculation is performed using a sporangium suspension prepared at between 40,000 and 50,000 sporangia / ml, using 3 drops of 15 μl per leaf disc.

[0275] Treatment efficacy is determined by visual assessment of pathogen development after 7 days at 22° C. Results are expressed as the mean percentage inhibition of fungal growth compared to the control modality sprayed with sterile water, which is given by the following calculation: % Inhibition = 100 x 1 - (% Growth "Treated" / % Growth "Control")

[0276] The values ​​corresponding to the dose that inhibits 50% of fungal growth (IC50) and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) are determined as in Example 2 (paragraph 2.2.3 above).

[0277] Two independent experiments are performed for each test.

[0278] 3.3. Results Tests were performed on strains PV221, PV413-1, and PV1538-1 using one box of eight treated leaf discs per modality and six different concentrations for each formulation tested (0 g / L, 0.35 g / L, 0.65 g / L, 1.25 g / L, 2.5 g / L, 5 g / L, and 10 g / L).

[0279] 3.3.1. Antifungal activity The results are shown in Figures 5 and 6. The data show that all six products tested are capable of inhibiting the growth of the various mildew strains tested. In the case of PV413-1 and PV221, the data show that product efficacy can vary depending on the composition tested as well as the strain tested (Figure 5).

[0280] On the other hand, these different compositions show almost similar efficacy results for strain PV1538-1.

[0281] For strain PV413-1, preparations 1 and 3 were more effective than the other preparations under the conditions tested.

[0282] For strain PV1538-1, preparations 1 and 3 were more effective than the other preparations.

[0283] For strain PV221, preparations 1 and 2 were more effective than the other preparations.

[0284] Products 1, 3, and 4 appear to be less effective against strains PV221 and PV1538-1 than against strain PV413-1 (Figure 6). Product 2 appears to be most effective against PV221, and product 5 against PV1538-1. Product 6 appears to be effective against strains PV413-1 and PV1538-1 under the conditions tested.

[0285] Moreover, the results obtained show a significant effect on the strain.

[0286] The data show that all compositions tested were effective against the PV413-1 strain isolated from a resistant grapevine variety, which is particularly interesting because this type of pathogen is very difficult to control.

[0287] 3.3.2. Calculation of IC50 and MIC The IC50 (the value of x that gives a value of 50 or 100 in y) and MIC values ​​are determined from the equations of the resulting curves (Figures 5 and 6). The resulting IC50 and MIC values ​​are shown in Figure 7 and in Tables 7 and 8 below. [Table 7] [Table 8]

[0288] Under the conditions tested, IC50 values ​​for the different formulations fluctuate between 0.15 g / L (product 3, PV413-1) and 1.35 g / L (product 6, PV221), while MICs vary from 1.61 g / L (product 1, PV1538-1) to 5.86 g / L (product 6, PV221), i.e. by approximately 3-fold (Figure 7, Tables 7 and 8).

[0289] The average IC50 and MIC values ​​(in g / L) obtained for the six compositions are shown in FIG. 8 and Table 9 below. [Table 9]

[0290] 3.3.3. Comparison with potassium bicarbonate solution The mean IC50 and MIC values ​​calculated for compositions according to the invention are compared with those calculated for an aqueous potassium bicarbonate formulation without any excipients (water + KHCO3 formulation) and an aqueous sodium bicarbonate formulation without any other excipients (water + NaHCO3 formulation) in Table 6 above (paragraph 2.3.3).

[0291] The comparative results show that the IC50 values ​​(dose that inhibits fungal growth by 50%) and MIC values ​​(minimum inhibitory concentration) obtained with products 1 to 3 (compositions according to the invention) are significantly lower than those obtained with aqueous potassium bicarbonate or sodium bicarbonate solutions.

[0292] Under the conditions tested, the IC50 values ​​obtained with products 4 to 6 are comparable to those obtained with aqueous potassium bicarbonate. On the other hand, these products have significantly lower MIC values ​​than aqueous sodium bicarbonate.

[0293] These results highlight the superior efficacy of the compositions according to the invention against downy mildew compared to unformulated active ingredients (aqueous potassium bicarbonate or sodium bicarbonate solutions).

[0294] Thus, the MIC values ​​of each of the tested products (1-6) compared to the unformulated active ingredient (aqueous potassium bicarbonate or sodium bicarbonate solution) reveal a significant improvement in the antifungal efficacy of each of the tested products (2.31 g / L to 4.44 g / L, respectively, compared to 5.6 g / L).

[0295] Products 1 to 3 were the most effective under the conditions tested (IC50 of 0.7 g / L and 0.8 g / L versus 1 g / L, respectively).

[0296] Overall, these data show that the various products tested have an antifungal effect inhibiting the growth of fungi causing downy mildew on vines. The data show that products 1 to 6 have a significant and satisfactory antifungal effect. In particular, the best results were obtained with products 1 to 3 under the conditions tested. The compositions according to the invention significantly improve the efficacy of potassium bicarbonate.

[0297] The properties of adhesion, spreading, resistance to leaching and longevity are tested on vine leaves for each of products 1-6 and compared to the properties of an aqueous potassium bicarbonate solution.

[0298] Preparations 1-6 show improved adhesion, spreading, resistance to leaching, and longevity on vine leaves compared to aqueous potassium bicarbonate solutions.

[0299] Example 4: Superior antimicrobial activity of the composition according to the invention on agents of downy mildew of lianas (Plasmopara viticola) under semi-controlled greenhouse conditions. Compositions tested: Product 1:20F17GR01 Product 2:20F26WG01 Product 3:20F29WG01 Product 4:20B14GR01

[0300] Products 1 to 4 are compositions according to the present invention, the solid compositions of which are given in Table 2 above.

[0301] 4.1. Purpose The aim of this test was to evaluate the efficacy of four additional potassium bicarbonate-based compositions according to the invention (products 1-6 in Figures 9-12) against plant pathogens, in particular against downy mildew of vines. More particularly, the aim was to define an application strategy based on the product characteristics (phytotoxicity, persistence, resistance to leaching) as well as the optimal dose to be applied in the vineyard.

[0302] Materials and Methods 4.2.1. Plant material The plant materials are shown in Example 2 (vines). These are leaf cuttings of the Cabernet-Sauvignon grape variety (1-2 month old plants) with at least 4 expanded leaves.

[0303] Plant material is prepared as in Example 2 (paragraph 2.2.1 above).

[0304] 4.2.2. Fungal materials Fungal material is as in Example 2 (downy mildew of lianas, Plasmopara viticola) and prepared as in Example 2 (paragraph 2.2.2 above).

[0305] 4.2.3 - Methods: In vivo efficacy testing The method is as in Example 2 (paragraph 2.2.3 above).

[0306] 4.3. Results 4.3.1. Dose effect on climbing plants The trial will use five plants per test condition to ensure four leaf samples are required for in vitro fungicide efficacy testing to be performed in the laboratory.

[0307] Two successive applications are performed on all cuttings, 10 days apart (first treatment: T1; second treatment: T2).

[0308] Three doses of each formulation are tested: 1 to 1.2× the laboratory obtained MIC, 2.5 to 3× the MIC, and 5 to 6× the MIC, depending on the formulation.

[0309] To evaluate the fungicidal efficacy of the different tested products, five leaves (third or fourth leaf from the top) were taken from each plant, one per plant immediately after T1 and T2, then 7 days after each treatment. In the laboratory, three Petri dishes containing six disks of leaves with a diameter of 20 mm were prepared for each optimal treatment modality. Inoculation was performed using a sporangium suspension prepared between 5,000 sporangium / ml and 10,000 sporangium / ml, at a rate of three drops of 15 μl per leaf disk.

[0310] Pathogen growth is assessed after 7 days of incubation at 22° C. Results are expressed as the mean percentage inhibition of fungal growth compared to the control modality sprayed with sterile water, which is given by the following calculation: % Inhibition = 100 x 1 - (% Growth "Treated" / % Growth "Control")

[0311] result: [Table 10] [Table 11]

[0312] Figure 9 shows that shortly after the first treatment (D0-T1), the best results are obtained with a medium dose (D2) of product 3 and a high dose (D3) of product 2, with a protection of approximately 60%. Moderate results are obtained with a medium dose (D2) of product 4 (30%).

[0313] Seven days after treatment 1, the medium dose of product 1 (D2) gives good protection (55%). The other doses and products also give significant protection (between 17% and 44%).

[0314] Immediately after treatment 2, the three doses of product 2 (D1, D2 and D3) gave excellent protective results (between 89% and 97%), and the levels of protection obtained with other doses of other products achieved significant protection of between 32% and 70%.

[0315] Seven days after the second treatment, all four doses of products conferred significant protection (between 50% and 95%). The protection conferred by the first dose of product 1 was lower (28%) but still significant.

[0316] 4.3.2. Phytotoxicity phytotoxicity Phytotoxicity tests were performed. These trials used five plants per condition.

[0317] Two sequential applications were applied, 10 days apart, to all cuttings.

[0318] Three doses of each formulation were used: 2× the laboratory-derived MIC, 5× the MIC, and 10× the MIC.

[0319] Phytotoxicity is scored at the level of each leaf of the plant from the top immediately before the first treatment (T1) which serves as a baseline, then immediately before the second treatment (T2) and 7 days after both treatments (T1 and T2).

[0320] result: [Table 12]

[0321] The data in Table 12 show that Product 1 induces moderate phytotoxicity, which increases with dose.

[0322] The phytotoxicity observed with product 2 is significantly lower. For the low and medium doses of products 3 and 4, no phytotoxic responses were observed.

[0323] 4.3.3. Product Persistence (Absence of Leaching) The aim of this trial was to evaluate the persistence of efficacy of the formulated product on the plants after treatment. The setup used 10 plants per condition.

[0324] A single dose was selected between 6 g / l and 12 g / l of product 4: this optimal dose was determined after the trials described above (paragraphs 4.3.1 and 4.3.2) and is the potential choice for use in vineyards.

[0325] The trials were conducted under semi-controlled greenhouse conditions. For trial 1, five leaves of each modality (third or fourth leaf from the top) are taken immediately after treatment (without prior preparation), then 3, 7, and 10 days after treatment, and taken back to the laboratory to evaluate the efficacy of protection against downy mildew. As with conventional in vitro efficacy tests, three boxes of six to eight 20 mm diameter leaf discs are prepared for each treatment modality. Leaf discs are inoculated with three drops of 15 μl sporangium suspension per disc.

[0326] Pathogen growth is assessed after 7 days of incubation at 22° C. Results are expressed as the mean percentage inhibition of fungal growth compared to the control modality sprayed with sterile water, which is given by the following calculation: % Inhibition = 100 x 1 - (% Growth "Treated" / % Growth "Control")

[0327] result: Figures 10 and 11 show that at the average doses used, products 1 and 3 give the best persistence results. Products 2 and 4 also give good persistence.

[0328] 4.3.4. Leaching resistance The purpose of this trial was to evaluate the resistance of formulated products to leaching. The trial used 10 plants per condition tested.

[0329] The dosages used are optimal dosages of between 6 g / l and 12 g / l of product 4, which were determined after the trials described above (paragraphs 4.3.1 and 4.3.2) and can be selected for use in the vineyard.

[0330] The plants to be treated are placed on a test platform equipped with an oscillating irrigation system. A cumulative rainfall of 25 mm or a thunderstorm of 20 mm is simulated. These conditions are sufficient to wash away the treatment product, thus nullifying the effect of the treatment, even if it was performed several hours earlier.

[0331] As in previous trials, after drying, five leaves (the third or fourth leaf from the top) are removed from each plant and taken back to the laboratory to evaluate the effectiveness of protection against downy mildew. Three boxes of six to eight disks of leaves, 20 mm in diameter, are prepared for each treatment condition. The leaf disks are inoculated with three drops of 15 μl of sporangium suspension per disk.

[0332] Pathogen growth is assessed after 7 days of incubation at 22° C. Results are expressed as the mean percentage inhibition of fungal growth compared to the control modality sprayed with sterile water, which is given by the following calculation: % Inhibition = 100 x 1 - (% Growth "Treated" / % Growth "Control")

[0333] result: The data obtained are shown in Figure 12. These data show that products 1, 3 and 4 give the best overall results (between 90% and 95% protection) despite leaching. The antifungal activity of these products remains very high even after severe leaching (between 85% and 90% protection). The efficacy of product 2 remains very good (75% protection after slight leaching, but almost 90% protection after severe leaching).

[0334] Evaluation of Example 4: The results confirm that all four compositions according to the invention tested in this example are effective in preventing and treating downy mildew on climbing plants. The protection provided by these products is stable and long-lasting. In addition, all these products provide good resistance to leaching, further extending the duration of protection. Finally, the data show that the four products tested have acceptable phytotoxicity. Taken together, the data show that product 3 is the most interesting in terms of efficacy, phytotoxicity, and duration of protection.

[0335] Example 5: Superiority of the antifungal activity of the composition according to the invention on agents of downy mildew (Phytophthora infestans) of solanaceae under semi-controlled greenhouse conditions Compositions tested: Product 3 from Example 4 according to the invention (20F29WG01), whose solid composition is given in Table 2 above, was used in these tests at different concentrations (0 kg / 100 L, 0.3 kg / 100 L, 0.6 kg / 100 L, 0.9 kg / 100 L, and 1.2 kg / 100 L).

[0336] 5.1. Purpose The aim of this trial was to evaluate the efficacy of potassium bicarbonate-based product 3 according to the invention against plant pathogens, in particular against downy mildew of solanaceous plants (Phytophthora infestans). More particularly, the aim was to define the optimum dose to be applied to the plants in order to obtain a good efficacy of the product with reduced toxicity.

[0337] Materials and Methods 5.2.1. Plant material The preparation is carried out in a greenhouse using young Solanaceae (Eggplant) plants. One tuber per 3 L pot is grown in the greenhouse. The plants are grown for 3 to 4 months. The test is carried out on plants that have developed the 6th, 7th or 8th leaf. All the leaves of the plants are infested with the pathogen to check the effect of preparation 3.

[0338] 5.2.2. Fungal materials Downy mildew is a strictly obligate pathogen, which means that it cannot grow in the absence of its host plant.

[0339] The strain used in these tests is Phytophthora infestans. The tests are carried out by inoculating all leaves of each test plant, known as artificial inoculation.

[0340] 5.2.3. Methods: In vivo efficacy testing The different concentrations of the preparations are applied to the leaves of the plants immediately before inoculation with the pathogen (without prior preparation) using a lancet with a spray nozzle (pressure 3 bar).

[0341] A control is performed by applying an identical volume of sterile distilled water to the leaves of the plants.

[0342] Inoculation is carried out under standard conditions appropriate to the strain to be inoculated.

[0343] Treatment efficacy is determined by visual assessment of pathogen development after 7 days at 18°C.

[0344] Results are expressed as the mean percentage of fungal infestation compared to non-inoculated plants.

[0345] 5.3. Results 5.3.1. Dose effect on potato plants The trial uses five plants per test condition.

[0346] Two sequential applications were made on all leaves, 7 days apart (the third treatment the plants received: the first treatment corresponding to T3; the fourth treatment the plants received: the second treatment corresponding to T4).

[0347] Four doses were tested for product 3: 0.3 kg / 100 L, corresponding to 2.5× the laboratory-obtained MIC, 0.6 kg / 100 L, corresponding to 5× the MIC, 0.9 kg / 100 L, corresponding to 7.5× the MIC, and 1.2 kg / 100 L, corresponding to 10× the MIC, depending on the formulation.

[0348] Inoculations are carried out under standard conditions appropriate to the strain being inoculated to assess the bactericidal efficacy of the different concentrations tested.

[0349] The inoculation is carried out one day after application of the formulation according to the invention or, for control conditions, of distilled water.

[0350] Pathogen growth is assessed after 7 days of incubation at 18°C.

[0351] The results are expressed as the mean percentage intensity of parasitic fungal infestation by comparing the infestation between inoculated and non-inoculated plants. The infestation is observed visually.

[0352] result: [Table 13]

[0353] The results show that after treatment (T4), inoculation and cultivation of the plants under conditions favorable for pathogen growth, the intensity of infestation increased to 18.1% 5 days after inoculation and then to 21.3% 12 days after inoculation (control).

[0354] Five days after inoculation, the prevalence was relatively lower in the two products with three modalities using doses of 0.9 kg / 100 L and 1.2 kg / 100 L than in the control.

[0355] Twelve days after inoculation, the reduction in infestation was significant: the 1.2 kg / 100 L dose had a parasite infestation intensity of 11.9%; the 0.9 kg / 100 L dose had a parasite infestation intensity of 13.8% compared to 21.3% for the control.

[0356] 5.3.2. Phytotoxicity In this setup, four tested doses (0.3 kg / 100 L, 0.6 kg / 100 L, 0.9 kg / 100 L, 1.2 kg / 100 L) were applied in two sequential applications (first treatment: T1, second treatment: T2) 7 days apart, with a corresponding application of distilled water as a control. Phytotoxicity results were obtained by leaf observation.

[0357] Phytotoxicity observations are made after application of the product and inoculation with the pathogen, these applications (product + pathogen corresponding to T3 and T4 in paragraph 5.3.1) being made 7 and 14 days after the two applications (T1 and T2).

[0358] Observations are particularly aimed at determining whether there are any signs of necrosis and / or mortality around the leaf margins.

[0359] result: After the first two applications (T1 and T2) the crop did not show any symptoms of phytotoxicity.

[0360] After the third application (T3) minor symptoms appeared: necrosis around the leaf margins and dieback of the crop.

[0361] After the third application (T4), the product induces more pronounced effects in the crop, but the phytotoxicity is still tolerable. It is noted that the greenhouse grown plants are significantly more sensitive than the field grown ones.

[0362] Evaluation Example 5: Of the different doses tested, Product 3 induced little or no phytotoxicity on potato plants when applied four times, seven days apart.

[0363] Finally, these results confirm that product 3 is highly effective in preventing and treating late blight on potato plants. Overall, the doses of 0.9 kg / 100 L and 1.2 kg / 100 L provide better protection in terms of efficacy and with lower toxicity.

[0364] The data show that Products 2 and 5 from Example 2 above, Products 1 through 6 from Example 3, Products 1 through 4 from Example 4, and Product 3 from Example 5 above have antifungal effects and, when applied to the foliage, can prevent, treat, and suppress fungal growth that causes downy mildew on vines, cucurbits, and solanaceous plants.

[0365] These products are particularly advantageous because they contain only materials / ingredients that are phytosanitarily acceptable in biological systems. Moreover, these ingredients are biodegradable. In addition, they are particularly effective against fungi.

[0366] These 12 compositions were therefore selected for their particularly notable efficacy in treating / suppressing powdery mildew of vines (Erysiphe necator or Uncinula necator), downy mildew of vines (Plasmopara viticola), grey mold of vines (Botrytis cinerea), downy mildew of solanaceae (Phytophthora paragtica and / or Phytophthora infestans), and downy mildew of cucurbits (Pseudoperonospora cubensis). These compositions are particularly effective in preventing and treating downy mildew on vines, cucurbits, and solanaceae plants. The compositions of products 2 and 5 of Example 2 (20B14GR01 with or without adjuvant) and product 3 of Examples 4 and 5 are the ones that in particular showed the best performance and the highest consistency when faced with inoculations of various strains of downy mildew.

[0367] According to the present invention, the composition is innovative because: - This composition uses potassium bicarbonate against downy mildew on vines, cucurbits, and solanaceous plants and may be an alternative to the use of copper, which slowly gets into and contaminates vineyard and agricultural soils with treatment after treatment, year after year. - The composition uses the biodegradable active ingredient potassium bicarbonate, which can be derived 100% from biological systems, specifically from the by-product of alcoholic fermentation, carbon dioxide (potassium carbonate + CO2 = potassium bicarbonate), which makes it possible to capture the gases produced during alcoholic fermentation and limit the release of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas harmful to the ozone layer. - a novel combination of potassium bicarbonate with at least one excipient which may be essentially biobased and / or biodegradable (in particular a biobased and / or biodegradable anionic surfactant belonging to the taurate family), with at least one additional surfactant which may be essentially biobased and / or biodegradable (in particular a biobased and / or biodegradable anionic surfactant belonging to the taurate family); with at least one additional surfactant selected from anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, and any combination thereof; and optionally at least one additional excipient selected from clays. - The excipients used, in particular the anionic surfactants belonging to the taurate family, improve the spreading and fixation of the active ingredient on the leaves and / or plants. They improve the quality of the contact film formed on the leaves by the other co-formulants by slowing down the evaporation of water. Finally, they improve the cold resistance of the formulation. - Anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactants (especially lignosulfonates) are preservative dispersants, thus improving the spreading of the active ingredient on the leaves and increasing the shelf life of the composition. - Non-ionic surfactants (particularly ethoxylated alcohols, e.g. Tergitol®) help to generate a film that fixes and protects the active ingredient on the leaves after application. In particular, ethoxylated alcohols (e.g. Tergitol®) are wetting surfactants (they reduce the surface tension and promote the wetting of powders or granules in water and of liquids on sheets during application). In addition, cationic surfactants (e.g. siloxanes) are humectants with antifoaming properties: they retain water and retard its evaporation, improving the quality of the contact film formed on the sheet during drying. - Clays (especially silicates) have purifying, astringent and antiseptic properties, which complement and strengthen the antifungal activity of potassium bicarbonate, while at the same time extending the shelf life of the product. - The formulation is 100% natural and biological, its impact on the environment is low. - The final product can be in liquid, powder, granular and / or tablet form, preferably in solid form, although there are no products currently available on the market to wine growers and farmers in granular or tablet form.

Claims

1. - potassium bicarbonate; - at least one excipient selected from anionic surfactants belonging to the taurate family, preferably said excipient being phytosanitarily acceptable and / or preferably being an essentially biological excipient; - at least one additional excipient selected from anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, and combinations of any of them; A composition comprising, wherein the anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactant is selected from sulfonates and combinations of any of them; the nonionic surfactant is selected from ethoxylated alcohols and combinations of any of them; the cationic surfactant is selected from organic mineral polymers and combinations of any of them; the additional excipient is preferably water-soluble; the additional excipient is preferably a phytosanitarily acceptable excipient and / or preferably an essentially biological excipient.

2. The composition according to claim 1, which is in solid form, preferably in the form of powder, granules, or a combination of any of them.

3. - the content of the potassium bicarbonate ranges from 5% by weight to 90% by weight based on the total weight of the composition, preferably from 10% by weight to 90% by weight based on the total weight of the composition, more preferably from 15% by weight to 85% by weight, more preferably from 20% by weight to 80% by weight, more preferably from 40% by weight to 70% by weight, more preferably from 50% by weight to 65% by weight; and / or - the content of the anionic surfactant belonging to the taurate family ranges from 0.1% by weight to 30% by weight based on the total weight of the composition, preferably from 0.5% by weight to 20% by weight based on the total weight of the composition, preferably from 1% by weight to 15% by weight, more preferably from 2% by weight to 10% by weight, more preferably from 3% by weight to 6% by weight. The composition according to any one of claims 1 or 2.

4. The potassium bicarbonate is obtained from alcohol fermentation, preferably wine fermentation, and the potassium bicarbonate is preferably the following: a) a step of capturing carbon dioxide released by alcohol fermentation; b) obtaining potassium bicarbonate crystals by bubbling the carbon dioxide captured in step a) in a potassium carbonate solution, preferably under saturated conditions of the solution; c) optionally, extracting the potassium bicarbonate crystals obtained in step b); A composition according to claim 1 or 2, obtained by a method comprising.

5. At least one anionic surfactant belonging to the taurate family is selected from N-methyltaurates; preferably sodium N-methyltaurates, ammonium N-methyltaurates, calcium N-methyltaurates, alkali metal N-methyltaurates, alkaline earth metal N-methyltaurates, and any combination thereof; more preferably from sodium N-methyltaurates, a composition according to claim 1 or 2.

6. A composition according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising at least one additional excipient selected from clays and any combination thereof; said additional excipient being preferably water-soluble.

7. The composition according to claim 6, wherein the clay is selected from silicates and any combination thereof; the clay is preferably selected from phyllosilicates; more preferably selected from kaolinites.

8. A composition according to claim 1 or 2, comprising at least one anionic polyelectrolyte surfactant selected from sulfonates and any combination thereof; said sulfonate being preferably selected from lignosulfonates; preferably selected from sodium lignosulfonate, ammonium lignosulfonates, calcium lignosulfonates, and any combination thereof; more preferably selected from sodium lignosulfonate.

9. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, comprising at least one nonionic surfactant selected from ethoxylated alcohols and any combination thereof; wherein the ethoxylated alcohol is preferably selected from secondary ethoxylated alcohols; more preferably, secondary ethoxylated C ８ -C １８ selected from alcohols, composition.

10. A composition according to claim 1 or 2, comprising at least one cationic surfactant selected from organomineral polymers and any combination thereof; said organomineral polymer being preferably selected from siloxanes; preferably selected from alkylsiloxanes; more preferably selected from polydimethylsiloxanes.

11. i. The content of the anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactant is in the range of 0.1% by weight to 40% by weight, preferably 0.5% by weight to 30% by weight, more preferably 1% by weight to 20% by weight, still more preferably 2% by weight to 18% by weight, and most preferably 5% by weight to 15% by weight based on the total weight of the composition; or ii. The content of the nonionic surfactant is in the range of 0.01% by weight to 40% by weight based on the total weight of the composition, preferably in the range of 0.05% by weight to 30% by weight based on the total weight of the composition, preferably in the range of 0.1% by weight to 20% by weight, preferably in the range of 0.5% by weight to 15% by weight, preferably in the range of 1% by weight to 10% by weight; or iii. The content of the cationic surfactant is in the range of 0.001% by weight to 30% by weight based on the total weight of the composition, preferably in the range of 0.01% by weight to 20% by weight based on the total weight of the composition, preferably in the range of 0.1% by weight to 10% by weight, preferably in the range of 0.3% by weight to 5% by weight, preferably in the range of 0.5% by weight to 2.5% by weight; or iv. The content of the clay is in the range of 0.5% by weight to 60% by weight based on the total weight of the composition, preferably in the range of 5% by weight to 50% by weight based on the total weight of the composition, more preferably in the range of 10% by weight to 40% by weight, more preferably in the range of 15% by weight to 35% by weight, more preferably in the range of 20% by weight to 30% by weight; or v. The content of the additional excipient is a combination of any of at least two features selected from i to iv. The composition according to claim 1 or 2.

12. - Potassium bicarbonate in a content in the range of preferably 5% by weight to 90% by weight based on the total weight of the composition, preferably in the range of 15% by weight to 85% by weight based on the total weight of the composition, preferably in the range of 20% by weight to 80% by weight, preferably in the range of 40% by weight to 70% by weight, preferably in the range of 50 to 65% by weight; - Preferably selected from N-methyl taurates (such as sodium N-methyl taurates); at least one anionic surfactant belonging to the taurate family in an amount in the range of preferably 0.1% by weight to 30% by weight based on the total weight of the composition, preferably in the range of 0.5% by weight to 20% by weight based on the total weight of the composition, more preferably in the range of 3% by weight to 6% by weight; - Preferably selected from lignosulfonates (such as sodium lignosulfonate); at least one anionic polyelectrolyte polymer surfactant in an amount in the range of preferably 0.1% by weight to 40% by weight based on the total weight of the composition, preferably in the range of 1% by weight to 20% by weight based on the total weight of the composition, more preferably in the range of 5% by weight to 15% by weight; - preferably selected from ethoxylated alcohols (such as C8-C18 ethoxylated secondary alcohols); at least one non-ionic surfactant in an amount preferably in the range of 0.01% to 40% by weight, preferably 0.1% to 20% by weight, preferably 1% to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the composition; - preferably selected from organo-mineral polymers, preferably selected from siloxanes (such as polydimethylsiloxane); at least one cationic surfactant in an amount preferably in the range of 0.001% to 30% by weight, preferably 0.1% to 10% by weight, more preferably 0.5% to 2.5% by weight based on the total weight of the composition; - preferably selected from silicates (such as kaolinites); at least one clay in a content preferably in the range of 0.5% to 60% by weight, preferably 10% to 40% by weight, preferably 20% to 30% by weight based on the total weight of the composition; - optionally a solvent, preferably an aqueous solvent such as water, The composition according to claim 1 or 2, comprising.

13. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is a phytosanitary composition, preferably an antifungal composition.

14. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is essentially composed of components of biological origin, said components being preferably biodegradable and / or of natural origin.

15. Use of the composition according to claim 1 or 2 for treating and / or protecting crops, preferably vine plants, cucurbits, Solanaceae (preferably potatoes), and any combination thereof; more preferably vine plants.

16. - protecting crops from pathogenic fungi and / or fungal diseases, - treating crops against pathogenic fungi and / or fungal diseases, - suppressing fungal pathogens and / or fungal diseases on crops, or - performing any combination thereof; Use of the composition according to claim 1 for the purpose, wherein the crops are preferably vine plants, cucurbits, Solanaceae (preferably potatoes), and any combination thereof; more preferably vine plants.

17. A method for protecting and / or treating a crop, comprising applying the composition according to claim 1 or 2 to the crop to be protected and / or treated; wherein the crop is preferably vines, cucurbits, Solanaceae (preferably potato), and any combination thereof; more preferably vines.

18. - A method for protecting a crop from fungal pathogens and / or diseases, - A method for treating a crop against fungal pathogens and / or fungal diseases, - A method for suppressing fungal pathogens and / or fungal diseases on a crop, and - Any combination thereof, A method comprising applying the composition according to claim 1 to the crop, selected from: wherein the crop is preferably vines, cucurbits, Solanaceae (preferably potato), and any combination thereof; more preferably vines.

19. The use according to claim 16 or the method according to claim 18, wherein the fungal pathogen is selected from downy mildew of vines (Plasmopara viticola), powdery mildew of vines (Uncinula necator and / or Erysiphe necator), and gray mold of vines (Botrytis cinerea), preferably downy mildew of vines (Plasmopara viticola).

20. Use of a composition comprising at least one excipient selected from potassium bicarbonate and an anionic surfactant belonging to the taurate family for treating and / or protecting a crop, preferably vines, cucurbits, Solanaceae (preferably potato), and any combination thereof; more preferably vines; wherein the excipient is preferably a phytosanitary acceptable excipient and / or preferably an essentially biobased excipient.

21. - Protecting a crop from fungal pathogens and / or fungal diseases, - Treating a crop against fungal pathogens and / or fungal diseases, - Suppressing fungal pathogens and / or fungal diseases on a crop, and - Performing any combination thereof Use of a composition comprising potassium bicarbonate and at least one excipient selected from anionic surfactants belonging to the taurate family; wherein the crop is preferably vines, cucurbits, Solanaceae (preferably potatoes), and any combination thereof; more preferably vines; wherein the excipient is preferably a phytosanitary acceptable excipient and / or preferably an essentially biological excipient.

22. A method for protecting and / or treating a crop, comprising applying the composition to the crop to be protected and / or treated; wherein the composition comprises potassium bicarbonate and at least one excipient selected from anionic surfactants belonging to the taurate family; the excipient is preferably a phytosanitary acceptable excipient and / or preferably an essentially biological excipient; wherein the crop is preferably vines, cucurbits, Solanaceae (preferably potatoes), and any combination thereof; more preferably vines.

23. - A method for protecting a crop from fungal pathogens and / or fungal diseases, - A method for treating a crop against fungal pathogens and / or fungal diseases, - A method for suppressing fungal pathogens and / or fungal diseases on a crop, and - Any combination thereof, A method comprising applying the composition to the crop, selected from: wherein the composition comprises potassium bicarbonate and at least one excipient selected from anionic surfactants belonging to the taurate family; the excipient is preferably a phytosanitary acceptable excipient and / or preferably an essentially biological excipient; wherein the crop is preferably vines, cucurbits, Solanaceae (preferably potatoes), and any combination thereof; more preferably vines.

24. The use according to claim 21 or the method according to claim 23, wherein the fungal pathogen is selected from downy mildew of vine plants (Plasmopara viticola), powdery mildew of vine plants (Uncinula necator and / or Erysiphe necator), blight of vine plants (Botrytis cinerea), downy mildew of Solanaceae (Phytophthora parasitica and / or Phytophthora infestans), and downy mildew of cucurbits (Pseudoperonospora cubensis), preferably downy mildew of grapevine (Plasmopara viticola).

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