Machining tool, cutting insert holder and cutting insert

Abstract

A tool (10) for machining a workpiece (102) comprises: a cutting insert (14, 14'); and a cutting insert holder (12) including a first cutting insert receiving portion (20) extending along a first central axis (24) and a second cutting insert receiving portion (22) extending along a second central axis (26) into which the cutting insert (14, 14') can be selectively received, wherein the first and second central axes (24, 26) intersect at a virtual intersection (40) located in an area covered by the cutting insert (14, 14') when the cutting insert (14, 14') is received in the first cutting insert receiving portion (20) and when the cutting insert (14, 14') is received in the second cutting insert receiving portion (22).

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a tool for machining, in particular for (form) cutting, workpieces. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a cutting insert holder for such a tool. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a cutting insert.

[0002] This type of tool can be used for precision machining of workpieces of various materials such as metal, plastic, glass, etc. Typically, these tools are used on CNC fully automatic machines.

[0003] Particularly preferably, the tool according to the invention is a turning tool. Such turning tools are usually of multi-part construction and have a cutting insert holder with a cutting insert which can be replacedably mounted thereon. This tool can be used, for example, in particular for the production of plastic spectacle lenses. [Background technology]

[0004] Extremely high precision is required when machining spectacle lenses, so the cutting edges of the cutting inserts must be manufactured very precisely. For this reason, and due to the material properties of glass or plastic, diamond cutting edges are generally used for such machining tools.

[0005] However, diamond cutting edges are very expensive. In addition, the life of such cutting inserts with diamond cutting edges is relatively short, since the diamond cutting edges are quickly worn out or at least become unusable for high-precision machining of spectacle lenses after a few machining cycles. This leads to high tool costs and high manufacturing costs for spectacle lenses.

[0006] DE 10 2009 040 075 B4 relates to an apparatus for turning optical workpieces made of non-brittle hard material, in particular plastic spectacle lenses. The apparatus comprises a holder in which a carrier with a cutting edge can be fixed. The carrier can be fixed in two different positions on the holder so that different circumferential parts of the arc-shaped cutting edge can be used for the machining. For this purpose, the carrier has two stop surfaces arranged at an obtuse angle and the holder has a flat mating surface. The two different positions are realized depending on which stop surface is in contact with the mating surface.

[0007] It should be noted that the above-mentioned example of manufacturing spectacle lenses is only one of many possible exemplary applications of the tool according to the invention, on the basis of which the underlying problem can be explained in a particularly understandable manner. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0008] [Patent Document 1] German Patent No. 10 2009 040 075 B4 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0009] The object of the present invention is to provide an improved tool for machining a workpiece, which has a particularly simple and / or compact construction and / or can be manufactured in a cost-efficient and / or resource-efficient manner and / or the cutting insert is / can be arranged in a particularly simple and defined manner on the cutting insert holder. It is furthermore an object to provide a corresponding cutting insert holder for such a tool. It is also an object to specify a cutting insert which can be mounted in a particularly simple and defined manner on the cutting insert holder and / or has a compact design / construction. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] According to a first aspect of the present invention, the above-mentioned problem is solved by a tool for machining, in particular (shape) cutting, a workpiece, in particular an optical workpiece, for example a spectacle lens, comprising a cutting insert and a cutting insert holder having a first cutting insert receptacle extending along a first central axis and a second cutting insert receptacle extending along a second central axis, into which the cutting insert can be selectively received, in particular inserted. The first and second central axes intersect at a virtual intersection point located in the area / region covered by the cutting insert, both when the cutting insert is received or inserted in the first cutting insert receptacle and when the cutting insert is received or inserted in the second cutting insert receptacle. This virtual intersection point is preferably located outside the cutting insert holder.

[0011] According to a second aspect of the present invention, the above-mentioned problem is solved by a cutting insert holder for such a tool, the cutting insert holder having a first cutting insert receptacle extending along a first central axis for receiving a cutting insert and a second cutting insert receptacle extending along a second central axis for receiving a cutting insert. The first and second central axes are aligned at an acute angle to each other and intersect at a virtual intersection, such that the cutting insert is selectively receivable, in particular insertable, into the first cutting insert receptacle or the second cutting insert receptacle. The virtual intersection is preferably located outside the cutting insert holder.

[0012] The cutting insert holder used in the tool according to the invention is therefore designed as a double cutting insert holder. The simultaneous insertion of two cutting inserts into the cutting insert holder is preferably prevented by the geometry or design of the cutting insert holder and / or the cutting insert. Instead, the cutting insert can be inserted either into the first cutting insert receptacle or into the second cutting insert receptacle.

[0013] It is not possible to insert two cutting inserts into two cutting insert receptacles simultaneously because the central axes of the two cutting insert receptacles are oriented diagonally or at a predetermined angle to each other so as to intersect at a virtual intersection point located in the area / region covered by the cutting insert both when the cutting insert is received or inserted into the first cutting insert receptacle and when the cutting insert is received into the second cutting insert receptacle.

[0014] Therefore, preferably, the cutting insert is fixable to two different positions on the cutting insert holder, in particular the positions are pivotable relative to each other about an intersection point by selectively receiving the cutting insert in one of two cutting insert receiving portions.

[0015] In practice, the two cutting insert receptacles are used sequentially, i.e. one after the other. First, the cutting insert is fixed / clamped in one cutting insert receptacle, and the workpiece is machined with the tool in this cutting insert position. As soon as a part of the cutting part or cutting edge of the cutting insert is worn, the cutting insert is fixed / clamped in the other cutting insert receptacle. When the cutting insert is repositioned / reclamped, due to the inclination of the two cutting insert receptacles relative to each other, the cutting insert is automatically brought into a pivoted / tilted position. As a result, the cutting part or cutting edge of the cutting insert is in a pivoted / tilted position. Thus, in the new cutting insert position, the workpiece can then be further machined with another part of the cutting part or cutting edge.

[0016] In this way, the service life of the cutting insert can be almost doubled. To achieve this, the cutting insert only needs to be re-clamped in the cutting insert holder once (e.g. after half the time). This can be done quickly and simply. The resulting cost savings are enormous.

[0017] Preferably, the two cutting insert receivers are designed and positioned relative to each other such that reclamping of the cutting insert from one cutting insert receiver to the other does not change the tip height but only the position of the cutting insert, in particular after reclamping or repositioning the cutting insert is in a second position pivoted relative to the first position.

[0018] In other words, re-clamping of the cutting insert preferably only results in a rotation of the cutting portion or cutting edge of the cutting insert about a defined point, but no or at least only a slight translation of the cutting portion or cutting edge. However, re-clamping itself preferably requires a translational movement, e.g., removing the cutting insert from a first cutting insert receptacle and inserting it into a second cutting insert receptacle.

[0019] After re-clamping the cutting insert, only minor position adjustments of the cutting insert holder, e.g., minimal adjustments of the tip height, are necessary. Thus, after re-clamping the cutting insert, the workpiece can be very quickly further machined with the second portion of the cutting part or cutting edge.

[0020] For example, in a first cutting insert position (position where the cutting insert is clamped into the first cutting insert receptacle), the workpiece is machined with a first portion / segment of the cutting portion or cutting edge of the cutting insert, and in a second cutting insert position (position where the cutting insert is inserted into the second cutting insert receptacle), the workpiece is machined with a second portion / segment of the cutting portion or cutting edge.

[0021] The two cutting parts can be separate areas, i.e. separate subsections, of one and the same cutting part. However, at least one cutting part can also have several partial cutting parts that are arranged separately from one another or merge into one another. In the latter case, the workpiece is first machined with one partial cutting part or its cutting edge and then with the other partial cutting part or its cutting edge. Various designs are possible here.

[0022] Providing the cutting insert holder with two cutting insert receptacles is particularly advantageous here, since the position of the cutting insert can be changed particularly easily. In addition, the cutting insert can be made very compact. This is particularly advantageous, since the cutting insert is a wear part and therefore has to be replaced frequently, and therefore a compact design is more resource-efficient.

[0023] Furthermore, the two cutting insert receptacles on the cutting insert holder can define different positions of the cutting insert in a very precise and specific way. In particular, after changing the cutting insert receptacle, it can be ensured that the new part / segment of the cutting part or cutting edge to be used is positioned as precisely as possible in the same place as the previously used part / segment of the cutting part or cutting edge. This allows high-precision machining with micron-level accuracy.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the first cutting insert receptacle is designed as a first receiving pocket into which the cutting insert can be inserted from the front side of the cutting insert holder along a first central axis. In this embodiment, the second cutting insert receptacle is preferably designed as a second receiving pocket into which the cutting insert can be inserted from the front side of the cutting insert holder along a second central axis.

[0025] This allows for a simple exchange of the cutting insert, while at the same time providing a mechanically stable and reliable clamping of the cutting insert in the cutting insert holder.

[0026] In this embodiment, the cutting insert or at least its insertion or clamping part, i.e. the part that is received or clamped in the cutting insert receptacle, is preferably elongated or rod-shaped. The cutting insert receptacle or receiving pocket is preferably formed as an elongated recess or recess or bore, as appropriate. This allows a particularly simple introduction or insertion and a stable and reliable clamping.

[0027] Particularly preferably, the cutting insert receiving part or receiving pocket is non-circular, in particular polygonal, in a cross section transverse to its longitudinal axis. The cutting insert or the clamping part preferably has a corresponding non-circular, in particular polygonal, cross section and / or has a corresponding non-circular, in particular polygonal, outer contour and / or is correspondingly designed as a prism. This allows a particularly reliable and stable clamping in a defined position. In particular, self-centering can also be realized in this way, so that during or as a result of clamping, the cutting insert automatically assumes a defined position.

[0028] In another embodiment, the cutting insert receptacles are designed as upper recesses of the cutting insert holder, into each of which a cutting insert can be inserted from above, which simplifies the replacement of the cutting insert.

[0029] The recess is preferably V-shaped. The cutting insert preferably has, at least in part, a corresponding V-shaped outer contour. The V-shape allows a defined positioning, in particular a self-centering, of the cutting insert. In this embodiment, the cutting insert is preferably designed as a cutting plate, in particular a diamond-shaped cutting plate.

[0030] Particularly preferably, the recesses overlap each other, in particular so that a W-shaped receiving area is formed by each V-shaped recess. This allows a compact construction of the cutting insert holder. In addition, the cutting insert can also be correspondingly compactly constructed.

[0031] Further preferred embodiments / configurations described below preferably apply generally to tools according to the present invention and are not limited to the above preferred embodiments / configurations having receiving pockets, V-shaped recesses, etc., unless otherwise indicated.

[0032] The two cutting insert receptacles are preferably molded identically to one another.

[0033] This has the advantage that no change in the machining characteristics occurs due to repositioning the cutting insert from one cutting insert receptacle to the other: the positioning of the cutting insert is automatically preset by the geometry of the cutting insert receptacle and is performed identically in both cutting insert receptacles.

[0034] The first central axis and the second central axis are preferably aligned at an acute angle to one another. Particularly preferably, the acute angle is less than 60°. In some embodiments, the acute angle may be less than 40° or 35°.

[0035] The angle through which the cutting portion or cutting edge pivots after the cutting insert is repositioned / reclamped corresponds to the angle between the two central axes of the cutting insert receiver.

[0036] In a further embodiment / configuration, the cutting insert has a cutting portion having at least one cutting edge, the at least one cutting edge having two cutting edge segments that are positioned equidistant to the intersection point both when the cutting insert is received or inserted into the first cutting insert receiving portion and when the cutting insert is received or inserted into the second cutting insert receiving portion.

[0037] The two cutting edge segments can be separate from each other or directly merge into each other, as mentioned above, they can also be designed as separate cutting edges or as parts of one and the same cutting edge.

[0038] "Equidistant" means that the two cutting edge segments have the same distance to the intersection point. Thus, the two cutting edge segments can be used equally well. One cutting edge segment is used to machine the workpiece when the cutting insert is inserted into the first cutting insert receptacle. The other cutting edge segment is used when the cutting insert is inserted into the second cutting insert receptacle. Thus, one and the same cutting part or cutting edge can be used practically twice and has twice the service life.

[0039] In particular, when the cutting insert is received in the first cutting insert receptacle, the first cutting edge segment is in the machining position. After re-clamping or when the cutting insert is received in the second cutting insert receptacle, the second cutting edge segment is in the machining position and therefore, in particular, assumes exactly the position previously occupied by the first cutting edge segment. In other words, when the cutting insert is received in the second cutting insert receptacle, the second cutting edge segment is in the same position as the first cutting edge segment when the cutting insert is received in the first cutting insert receptacle.

[0040] Preferably, each of the two cutting edge segments extends over at least 10% of the overall length of the at least one cutting edge.

[0041] Thus, the two cutting edge segments are preferably substantial parts / segments of the cutting edge visible to the naked eye, rather than individual points on the cutting edge or very short portions of the cutting edge.

[0042] In one embodiment, each of the two cutting edge segments is designed to be in line, in which case the two cutting edge segments are preferably aligned laterally, i.e. non-parallel, to one another.

[0043] In an alternative embodiment, the two cutting edge segments are designed as curved cutting edge segments. For example, the two cutting edge segments are arc-shaped. In this case, it is also possible for the two cutting edge segments to merge directly into one another, i.e. to be directly connected to one another. However, it is also possible for the two arc-shaped cutting edge segments to be separated from one another, for example, such that a straight or differently shaped cutting section or cutting edge segment is arranged between them.

[0044] The cutting edge may be partially polygonal, elliptical or arc-shaped. For example, the cutting edge may have a semi-trapezoidal, semi-elliptical or semicircular shape. However, the cutting edge segments may have other shapes, for example, a parabolic shaped portion. Similarly, the cutting edge may be free-form. Preferably, at least one cutting edge is designed symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the cutting insert.

[0045] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the two cutting edge segments lie on an arc whose center coincides with the intersection point both when the cutting insert is received in the first cutting insert receptacle and when the cutting insert is received in the second cutting insert receptacle.

[0046] In this case, when the cutting insert is re-clamped from one cutting insert receptacle to the other, the arc-shaped cutting edge is repositioned around the center of its arc. In this way, the two cutting edge segments forming part of the arc can be used equally to each other in an optimal manner. In order to prevent a change in the machining characteristics when the cutting insert is repositioned, it is sufficient to ensure that the tip height of the cutting edge is the same in both clamping positions of the cutting insert.

[0047] As mentioned above, the cutting part of the cutting insert, in which the at least one cutting edge is formed, is preferably made of diamond, since such diamonds are expensive, the re-clamping of the cutting insert according to the invention and the associated possibility of a dual use of the cutting insert are particularly advantageous in this case.

[0048] In a further embodiment, the cutting insert holder comprises a fastener / fixing means adapted to clamp the cutting insert within the cutting insert holder both when the cutting insert is received in the first cutting insert receiving portion and when the cutting insert is received in the second cutting insert receiving portion.

[0049] Thus, one and the same fastening means can be used to fasten the cutting insert in both cutting insert receptacles, which is advantageous in terms of the total number of tool parts and also allows for quick re-clamping of the cutting insert.

[0050] Here, it is particularly preferred that the fixing means includes a screw that can be screwed into a thread provided on the cutting insert holder, which thread is preferably arranged equidistant to the first cutting insert receiving portion and the second cutting insert receiving portion.

[0051] Thus, the type of fixation / clamping of the cutting insert does not change when the cutting insert is repositioned / reclamped from one cutting insert receptacle to another cutting insert receptacle.

[0052] In order to enable the above-mentioned property of equal and / or defined clamping of the cutting insert in the two cutting insert receptacles, the first cutting insert receptacle preferably has a first receptacle depth measured along a first central axis and the second cutting insert receptacle preferably has a second receptacle depth measured along a second central axis. In this connection, the receptacle depth is preferably understood to be the longitudinal extension of the respective cutting insert receptacle starting from the front side of the cutting insert holder, in particular the extension up to the stop surface for the cutting insert formed by the cutting insert holder.

[0053] The cutting insert can therefore preferably only be inserted into the cutting insert receptacle over the length of the receptacle depth, and particularly preferably a stop for the cutting insert is formed in the respective cutting insert receptacle, which allows a defined positioning of the cutting insert, in particular the cutting edge. In particular, the receptacle depth or the stop limits the distance over which the cutting insert can be received in the cutting insert receptacle and / or defines the distance of the cutting edge from the front surface.

[0054] Preferably, the distance of the virtual intersection from the front side of the cutting insert holder is shorter than the first and second receiver depths. However, it is also possible that the first and / or second receiver depths are shorter than the distance of the virtual intersection from the front side of the cutting insert holder.

[0055] The depth of the two receptacles is preferably the same.

[0056] Although two cutting insert receptacles have been mentioned here, the tool according to the invention is not limited thereto. In principle, it would also be possible to provide the cutting insert holder with three or more cutting insert receptacles. For example, in an embodiment with three cutting insert receptacles, the cutting insert can be used in three different positions. For example, three cutting edge segments of the cutting edge of the cutting insert will thus be used successively in time to machine the workpiece. The present disclosure is therefore understood as the cutting insert holder having at least two cutting insert receptacles, as long as the central axes are oriented obliquely relative to each other.

[0057] Another aspect of the invention relates to a cutting insert for a tool for machining, in particular for (shape) cutting, a workpiece. The cutting insert has a cutting part, in particular made of diamond, with a cutting edge for machining the workpiece and a rod-shaped inserting / clamping part for inserting / clamping into a cutting insert holder. Due to the rod shape, the cutting insert can be particularly easily inserted or introduced, in particular plugged / pushed into a corresponding cutting insert holder. In addition, a stable and secure clamping along the length of the clamping part is made possible.

[0058] Particularly preferably, the clamping part is designed as a prism and / or has a non-circular, in particular polygonal, cross section or a non-circular, in particular polygonal, outer contour, which allows a particularly reliable and stable clamping in a defined position. In particular, self-centering can also be realized in this way, the cutting insert automatically coming to a defined position during and / or as a result of clamping.

[0059] Further aspects of the invention relate to an apparatus and / or a linear drive, in particular a high speed tool drive, for machining preferably optical workpieces with a tool according to the invention, by means of which corresponding advantages can be achieved.

[0060] A further aspect of the invention relates to the use of a tool according to the invention for machining optical workpieces, in particular lenses or ophthalmic / spectacle lenses, particularly preferably in or together with a linear drive or a high-speed tool drive.

[0061] It is to be understood that the aspects and features mentioned above, and those described below, can be used in the combination indicated in each case, in other combinations, or alone, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0062] Exemplary embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and are explained in more detail with reference to the following description. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0063] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first exemplary embodiment of a tool according to the present invention in a first configuration; [Diagram 2] 2 is a perspective view of a first exemplary embodiment of a tool according to the present invention in a second configuration; FIG. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is a rear perspective view of the tool shown in FIG. 2. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a top view from above of the tool shown in FIG. 1. [Diagram 5] FIG. 3 is a top view from above of the tool shown in FIG. 2. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is a principle diagram in a top view from above for explaining the principle of the tool according to the present invention. [Figure 7] FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of the tool according to the invention shown in FIG. [Figure 8] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the tool according to the invention shown in FIG. 5; [Figure 9] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a second exemplary embodiment of a tool according to the present invention; [Figure 10] FIG. 4 is a top view from above of a third exemplary embodiment of a tool according to the invention; [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a principle diagram for explaining the principle of a third exemplary embodiment of a tool according to the present invention. [Figure 12] FIG. 11 is an illustration of a fourth exemplary embodiment of a tool according to the invention. [Figure 13] 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for machining a workpiece with a tool according to the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0064] 1-8 show in various views a first exemplary embodiment of a tool according to the invention. The tool is generally designated by the reference numeral 10.

[0065] The tool 10 has a cutting insert holder 12 and a cutting insert 14 attached / fixed / fastened to the cutting insert holder 12 .

[0066] In the present exemplary embodiment, the cutting insert holder 12 is designed as a receiving cassette and / or has a (tool) machine interface 16 on its rear side (see FIG. 3), by means of which it can be attached to a (tool) machine, in particular to a linear drive and / or a high-speed tool drive. However, the invention is not limited to such a shape and configuration of the cutting insert holder 12. The cutting insert holder 12 can have other shapes. For example, the cutting insert holder can also be beam-shaped, as in the case of conventional turning tools.

[0067] Particularly preferably, the cutting insert holder 12 is made of metal, in particular stainless steel, and / or is integrally formed or moulded.

[0068] At its front face / front side 18, the cutting insert holder 12 has two cutting insert receptacles 20, 22, referred to herein as a first cutting insert receptacle 20 and a second cutting insert receptacle 22. The two cutting insert receptacles 20, 22 are oriented obliquely or inclined to each other, preferably at an acute angle.

[0069] In particular, the front side 18 is understood as the side of the cutting insert holder 12 which faces the workpiece and / or faces away from the mechanical interface 16 during machining. In the mounted state, when the tool 10 and / or the cutting insert holder 12 are used and / or mounted in an apparatus and / or drive, the front side 18 preferably extends in a substantially vertical direction.

[0070] The cutting insert 14 can be selectively inserted into the first cutting insert receptacle 20 or the second cutting insert receptacle 22. In the configuration shown in Figures 1 and 4, the cutting insert 14 is inserted into the first cutting insert receptacle 20. In the second configuration shown in Figures 2 and 5, the cutting insert 14 is inserted into the second cutting insert receptacle 22. Figure 6 is a principle representation that does not correspond to any configuration that can actually be implemented. In Figure 6, the cutting insert 14 is inserted into each of the first and second cutting insert receptacles 20, 22, and some areas of the cutting insert 14 are shown overlapping.

[0071] It is not intended to insert two cutting inserts simultaneously into the two cutting insert receptacles 20, 22. Due to the given arrangement and spatial conditions, this is simply not possible, due to some overlapping areas, as can be seen in detail from Fig. 6. Instead, in practice, the cutting insert 14 is first inserted into the first or second cutting insert receptacle 20, 22 and then, in a further processing step, into the respective other cutting insert receptacle 20, 22.

[0072] The cutting insert receptacles 20, 22 are preferably of identical design, meaning that they are identical in shape and size. They only differ in position and orientation relative to one another. This can be seen in particular in Figure 5, where the position of the cutting insert receptacles 20, 22, which would not actually be visible, is shown in dashed lines.

[0073] The first cutting insert receiver 20 extends along a first central axis 24, shown in dashed line in Figure 6. The second cutting insert receiver 22 extends along a second central axis 26, also shown in dashed line in Figure 6. The acute angle at which the two central axes 24, 26 are aligned relative to one another is represented in Figure 6 as angle α.

[0074] The cutting insert receivers 20 , 22 are preferably formed as elongated gaps, recesses or depressions in the cutting insert holder 12 .

[0075] The cutting insert receiving portions 20, 22 preferably extend from the front side 18 into the cutting insert holder 12, in particular at least substantially perpendicular to the front side 18 and / or at least substantially horizontally in the mounted state of the tool 10 or the cutting insert holder 12.

[0076] Preferably, the cutting insert receptacles 20, 22 are spaced apart from one another over their entire length and / or are already spaced apart at the front side 18. However, solutions are also possible in which the cutting insert receptacles 20, 22 partially overlap or intersect, in particular at the front side 18. In any case, however, the cutting insert receptacles 20, 22 are spaced apart at their end opposite the front side 18.

[0077] Preferably, each of the cutting insert receivers 20, 22 has a non-round or non-circular inner contour and / or a non-round or non-circular cross-section perpendicular to their longitudinal extension and / or perpendicular to the respective central axis 24, 26, as shown in particular in Figure 8. Figure 8 shows a cross-section perpendicular to the central axis 26. In particular, the inner surface formed by the (each) cutting insert receiver 20, 22 is not circular-cylindrical.

[0078] This cross-section is preferably constant or uniform over the entire length of the cutting insert receiving portions 20,22.

[0079] Particularly preferably, the cross section is polygonal, in the illustrated example triangular, and / or each of the cutting insert receiving portions 20, 22 is formed by a prismatic gap, recess or depression.

[0080] A non-circular or polygonal inner contour or a non-circular or polygonal cross-section is understood to mean a shape which preferably has straight sides, but which may be rounded at the corners or where the sides meet. In the example of Fig. 8 with a triangular contour or triangular cross-section, three corners are suitably rounded. However, curved sides are also possible.

[0081] The prismatic gaps, recesses or depressions preferably correspond to gaps, recesses or depressions with a polygonal base surface, in which case the edges and / or corners may be rounded. The side surfaces are preferably flat, but may also have a curvature.

[0082] The cutting insert 14 has a substantially beam- or rod-shaped insert / mounting / clamping portion 28 and a cutting portion 30 disposed at a front end of the cutting insert 14 .

[0083] The clamping portion 28 is preferably made of hard metal or (super-hard) carbide.

[0084] Preferably, the clamping portion 28 matches the cross-sectional shape of the cutting insert receiving portions 20,22.

[0085] Preferably, the clamping part 28 has a non-round or non-circular outer contour and / or a non-round or non-circular cross section perpendicular to its longitudinal extension, as shown in detail in Fig. 8. In particular, the clamping part 28 is not circular-cylindrical. Particularly preferably, the cross section is polygonal, in the illustrated example triangular, and / or the clamping part 28 is formed at least substantially as a prism.

[0086] Concerning the terms "non-round", "polygonal" and "prismatic", preferably the same explanations apply as for the cutting insert receiving parts 20, 22. In particular, the edges and / or corners of the clamping part 28 may be rounded and / or its sides may be curved.

[0087] The part or parts of the cutting insert 14 which protrude from the front side 18 in the clamped state can be of a different design than the clamping parts 28 located in the cutting insert receivers 20, 22, but preferably are of the same design. Particularly preferably, the cutting insert 14 consists only of a rod-, bar- or beam-shaped, preferably prismatic, part, in particular of hard metal or (super-hard) carbide, and a cutting part 30, in particular of diamond or coated with diamond.

[0088] The cutting insert 14 is preferably formed as a one-piece part, in particular the cutting part 30 is manufactured by brazing diamond to the cutting insert 14. Alternatively, it can be coated with diamond. Also possible is a solution in which the cutting part 30 is made of hard metal (ground or sharpened) or of (super-hard) carbide.

[0089] Particularly preferably, the cutting insert receivers 20, 22, shown in Figs. 1-8, are designed / configured as receiver pockets such that the cutting insert 14 can be inserted into the respective cutting insert receiver 20, 22 from the front side 18.

[0090] Particularly preferably, due to the asymmetric cross-section of the clamping portion 28 and the respective cutting insert receiving portion 20, 22, introduction or insertion is only possible in a specific orientation.

[0091] In the example shown in Fig. 8, each cross section is, for example, an isosceles triangle, in particular with rounded corners and with a base that has a different, in particular shorter, length than the remaining sides. In particular, the cross sections are not equilateral triangles. In this way, in particular, incorrect positioning of the cutting insert 14 can be avoided.

[0092] However, solutions are also possible in which the cutting insert 14 is inserted in a different orientation into the respective cutting insert receptacle 20, 22 and / or the respective cross section is symmetrical, in particular an equilateral triangle. This may be advantageous if different cutting parts or different portions of the cutting part 30 can be used. In addition to re-clamping / changing from one cutting insert receptacle 20, 22 to another cutting insert receptacle 22, 20, different cutting parts or cutting edge segments can be selected by changing the orientation of the cutting insert 14, in particular by rotating it around its longitudinal axis.

[0093] Each cutting insert receiving part 20, 22 preferably has a rear stop surface / rear positioning surface 32 (see FIG. 7). The cutting insert 14 and / or the clamping part 28 preferably have a corresponding (opposing / mating) contact surface / abutment surface 34, which in the mounted state abuts against the stop surface 32. In particular, during mounting, the cutting insert 14 is inserted, in particular introduced or pushed or slid into the respective cutting insert receiving part 20, 22, until the (opposing / mating) abutment surface 34 abuts against the stop surface 32. In this way, a defined positioning of the cutting part 30, in particular a defined distance from the front side 18 of the cutting part 30 is achieved.

[0094] Alternatively a solution is possible in which the front side 18 forms the stop, in which case a collar or the like on the cutting insert 14 preferably forms a corresponding counter stop, such that the cutting insert 14 can only be inserted up to this counter stop.

[0095] The depth t of the cutting insert receptacles 20, 22, measured from the front side 18 of the cutting insert holder 12 to its rear stop surface 32, also referred to herein as the receptacle depth t, is preferably the same for both cutting insert receptacles 20, 22. This is particularly advantageous in the case of a cutting part 30 having a circular cutting edge 42, as shown here and described in more detail below, because as a result, the same distance between the cutting edge 42 and the front side 18 can be guaranteed, regardless of the cutting insert receptacle 20, 22 in which the cutting insert 14 is received.

[0096] However, solutions with different receiving depths t of the cutting insert receptacles 20, 22 are also possible. This is conceivable in particular if the cutting part 30 or its cutting edge 42 is designed asymmetrically, for example due to limitations imposed by the manufacturing or geometry of the cutting part 30. Such asymmetries can lead to different distances of the cutting edge 42 from the front side 18, even if the insertion depths of the cutting insert receptacles 20, 22 are the same. Different receiving depths t can preferably compensate for the asymmetry or ensure that the distance from the front side 18 to the asymmetric cutting edge 42 or cutting part 30 is the same for all cutting insert receptacles 20, 22.

[0097] The cutting inserts 14 are preferably clamped or fixed to their respective cutting insert receivers 20, 22 by fasteners / fastening means / fixing means 36, particularly screws, which engage with receivers, particularly threads 38, provided on the cutting insert holder 12.

[0098] Preferably, (exactly) one or the same fastening means 36 or screw is used to clamp / fix the cutting insert 14 in both cutting insert receivers 20,22.

[0099] Particularly preferably, only one receiver or only one thread 38 is provided for the fastening means 36 or screw. It is therefore preferably intended to use the same fastening means 36 at the same location or receiver for fastening, in particular clamping, the cutting insert 14 in both the first cutting insert receiver 20 and the second cutting insert receiver 22.

[0100] The fixing means 36 / screw or receiver / thread 38 is preferably positioned to clamp the cutting insert 14 or its clamping portion 28 evenly or with equal force in both the first cutting insert receiver 20 and the second cutting insert receiver 22.

[0101] The exact positioning of the fastening means 36 / screws and / or receivers / threads 38 so that uniform / equal clamping is achieved depends on the geometry of the cutting insert holder 12 and can be determined, for example, using FEM simulation.

[0102] In the case of a completely symmetrical cutting insert holder 12, the fastening means 36 / screw or receiver / screw 38 can be arranged equidistant between and / or from the two central axes 24, 26. Since the cutting insert holder 12 is designed asymmetrically in the region of the front side 18 in the example shown, the arrangement there is slightly offset in the direction of the first central axis 24.

[0103] Preferably, the cutting insert 14 can be reclamped / repositioned or replaced by loosening the fastening means 36 or the screw, but without having to completely remove the fastening means 36 or completely unscrew the screw from the thread 38. This allows a particularly easy changeover.

[0104] Particularly preferably, self-centering of the cutting insert 14 takes place when the cutting insert 14 is fixed in the respective cutting insert receptacle 20, 22. This is preferably understood to mean that the cutting insert 14 automatically or automatically assumes a defined position in the cutting insert receptacle 20, 22 and / or relative to the respective central axes 24, 26 and / or relative to the cutting insert holder 12 during fixing / clamping. Preferably, self-centering takes place orthogonally to the respective central axes 24, 26, while the defined positioning in the direction of the central axes 24, 26 is effected by the stop surface 32 and the (matching / opposing) abutment surface 34, as explained above.

[0105] A particularly preferred embodiment of the fastening / fixing of the cutting insert 14 will now be explained in more detail with reference to FIG.

[0106] The cutting insert holder 12 preferably has a first section / portion 12A and a second section / portion 12B. Each of the portions 12A, 12B is preferably formed in a plate-like manner. However, as explained in detail above, the cutting insert holder 12 is preferably integrally formed (as one piece), and therefore, in particular, the portions 12A, 12B are also integrally formed (as one piece) with the cutting insert holder 12.

[0107] The first portion 12A and the second portion 12B are preferably separated from each other by a slot or gap 39. The gap 39 preferably extends from the front side 18, in particular perpendicularly and / or at least substantially horizontally to the front side 18 in the mounted state of the cutting insert holder 12.

[0108] The gap 39 preferably extends through the cutting insert receiving portions 20, 22 and / or divides them into two sections / portions. Particularly preferably, the gap 39 extends beyond the cutting insert receiving portions 20, 22, as can be seen in detail in FIG.

[0109] As shown in FIG. 8, the gap 39 preferably extends off-center through the cutting insert holder 12 and / or the portions 12A, 12B preferably have different thicknesses and / or have different extensions parallel to the front side 18.

[0110] Preferably, the first part 12A has a thread 38 and / or the second part 12B has an opening / aperture or bore 37. A screw preferably passes through the second part 12B, in particular the opening 37, and is screwed into the first part 12A, in particular its thread 38.

[0111] Preferably, by screwing or tightening the screw, the first portion 12A is drawn towards the second portion 12B and / or the width of the gap 39 is reduced, whereby the cutting insert 14, in particular its clamping portion 28, is fixed, in particular clamped, within the respective cutting insert receiving portion 20, 22 and / or between the first and second portions 12A, 12B.

[0112] Particularly preferably, in this case only the first part 12A moves and / or the first part 12A is fixed / biased / tensioned relative to the second part 12B and / or the clamping part 28. This can be achieved in particular by a reduced sheet thickness of the first part 12A compared to the second part 12B. This promotes a defined positioning of the cutting insert 14.

[0113] Self-centering of the cutting insert 14 is preferably achieved by the cross-section of the cutting insert 14 and / or the corresponding cross-section of each cutting insert receptacle 20, 22, in particular the respective polygonal cross-sections as explained above.

[0114] 8, the cross section of the cutting insert 14 has a triangular and / or wedge shape. This shape preferably ensures that the cutting insert 14 is automatically or self-actingly fixed / clamped in the intended defined position. Other cross-sectional shapes are also contemplated here.

[0115] The clamping portion 28 does not have to completely lie / abut against the inner surface of the respective cutting insert receiving portion 20, 22. In the example shown in Figure 8, only the (flat) sides abut thereon, not the (rounded) edges.

[0116] Preferably, the cutting insert 14 is only in a pivoted position after repositioning from one cutting insert receptacle to the other cutting insert receptacle, and does not undergo any translational displacement. The position obtained by the repositioning corresponds to a pivoting by an angle α about a virtual intersection point or virtual intersection point 40, which can be seen in detail in FIG. 6. The virtual intersection point 40 is a geometric intersection point of the two central axes 24, 26. This intersection point 40 is located in the area covered by the cutting insert 14 both when the cutting insert 14 is inserted into the first cutting insert receptacle 20 and when the cutting insert 14 is inserted into the second cutting insert receptacle 22. In FIG. 6, this is shown diagrammatically by the cutting insert 14 being shown in one and the same view both in the position inserted into the first cutting insert receptacle 20 and in the position inserted into the second cutting insert receptacle 22.

[0117] In the normal use position and / or when the tool 10 and / or the cutting insert holder 12 are attached / mounted on a corresponding device or machine, the plane in which the two cutting insert receivers 20, 22 lie is preferably at least substantially horizontal. Thus, after re-clamping or repositioning, the cutting insert 14 is preferably at the same height and / or in the same horizontal plane as before. In particular, the repositioning results in a pivoted position of the cutting insert 14 in the horizontal plane.

[0118] The cutting portion 30, preferably made of diamond, in a first exemplary embodiment shown in Figures 1-8, has an arched / curved / arcuate cutting edge 42. In the example shown, the cutting edge 42 is arcuate. The center of this arc coincides with the intersection point 40. Thus, by re-clamping the cutting insert 14 from one cutting insert receiver 20 to the other cutting insert receiver 22, or vice versa, the cutting edge 42 is consequently merely pivoted about the intersection point 40, with the individual sections / portions of the cutting edge 42 remaining on one and the same arc.

[0119] If a portion of the arcuate cutting edge 42 is considered here as a first cutting edge portion / segment 44 and an adjacent portion of the cutting edge 42 is considered as a second cutting edge portion / segment 46, then these two cutting edge segments 44, 46 can be used in an equivalent manner. The first cutting edge segment 44 can be used when the cutting insert 14 is fixed / clamped in the first cutting insert receptacle 20. This use or machining position of the first cutting edge segment 44 is shown in solid lines in FIG. 6. The second cutting edge segment 46 can be used when the cutting insert 14 is fixed / clamped in the second cutting insert receptacle 22. The second cutting edge segment 46 then moves to the use or machining position where the first cutting edge segment 44 was previously located. The first cutting edge segment 44 moves from the use or machining position shown in dashed lines in FIG. 6. The use or machining position is preferably located between the central axes 24, 26. The two cutting edge segments 44, 46 may be any portion of the cutting edge 42, and they may be disposed adjacent to each other or may merge into each other.

[0120] Thus, depending on the fixing / mounting / clamping of the cutting insert 14, it is possible to use different parts / portions of the cutting edge 42 for machining the workpiece. As a result, one and the same cutting part 30 can be used twice. Here, the two cutting edge segments 44, 46 are preferably equidistant to the intersection point 40 and are preferably symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis of the cutting insert 14.

[0121] In the illustrated example, the cutting insert holder 12 has a height adjustment device 48. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the height adjustment device 48 is accessible from the rear side of the cutting insert holder 12 (see FIG. 3 in detail), although other solutions are also possible here.

[0122] By means of the height adjustment device 48, the height of the tool 10 and / or the cutting insert holder 12 can preferably be adjusted, in particular set or positioned, relative to the machine on which the cutting insert holder 12 is or will be mounted.

[0123] In this context, "height adjustment" is preferably understood to mean at least essentially a vertical alignment, although adjustment can also take place in other spatial directions depending on the machine. Adjustment in several spatial directions can also be envisaged, for example by providing several adjustment devices. "Tip height" is preferably understood as the height or vertical position of the cutting edge 42.

[0124] In particular, the height adjustment device 48 allows the tip height of the cutting edge 42 to be adjusted or set.

[0125] The adjustment made by the height adjustment device 48 serves here preferably only for a rough / coarse pre-adjustment. By way of example, it will be further explained below with reference to FIG. 13 how fine adjustment can be made by fine adjustment of the height of a workpiece that is or will be machined with the tool 10.

[0126] When the cutting edge 42 is worn, it is preferably reworked / reconditioned, in particular reground or relapped. In this way, the cutting insert 14 can be reused, saving costs and resources. Preferably, this is done multiple times or as many times as possible, in particular more than 2 or 5 times and / or less than 10 times. However, the reconditioning changes, in particular reduces, the tip height of the cutting edge 42, for example by more than 0.1 mm per reconditioning. The difference between a new cutting insert 14 and a cutting insert 14 that has been reconditioned several times can change by up to 0.8 mm or more.

[0127] The height adjustment device 48 preferably serves to at least partially compensate for tip height changes caused by readjustment of the cutting edge 42. This is particularly advantageous if such large height changes cannot be compensated for on the workpiece side. Thus, in detail, a coarse / rough, i.e. first height adjustment, for example with an accuracy of 0.1 mm or more, is performed by the height adjustment device 48, whereas a fine, i.e. second height adjustment, for example with an accuracy of 0.01 mm or 0.001 mm, is performed by adjusting the height of the workpiece.

[0128] Preferably, the tip height can be adjusted by the height adjustment device 48 in discrete increments totalling more than 0.8 mm or 1 mm and / or less than 2.5 mm or 2 mm, particularly preferably more than 0.1 mm and / or less than 0.3 mm.

[0129] In the illustrated example, the height adjustment device 48 preferably forms a stop surface for a corresponding counter stop on a carriage (not shown) to which the tool 10 is attached / mounted. By actuating, in particular rotating, the height adjustment device 48, the stop surface can be displaced in height or a new stop surface can be set so that the tool 10 is height adjusted.

[0130] In the illustrated example, and in particular as shown in Figure 3, the height adjustment device 48 preferably comprises a rotatable polygonal disk, where the side surfaces are at different distances from an eccentrically located axis of rotation, one of the side surfaces forming a stop surface, and rotation causes another side surface at a different distance from the axis of rotation to form a stop surface.

[0131] However, it is also possible to form the tool 10 and / or the cutting insert holder 12 without the height adjustment device 48. This is exemplarily shown in FIG.

[0132] Figure 9 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a tool 10 according to the invention in a view corresponding to figure 3. The above features and explanations preferably apply additionally or supplementarily, where appropriate, even if repetition is omitted.

[0133] Preferably, the only difference between the first exemplary embodiment and the second exemplary embodiment is that the height adjustment device 48 is not provided in the second exemplary embodiment.

[0134] The height adjustment device 48 can be omitted, in particular if the tool 10 is used in a system that is capable of compensating for larger height differences on the workpiece side by itself. Furthermore, the height adjustment device 48 can also be omitted if no height adjustment or setting is generally required, for example if the cutting insert 14 is not reused. In particular, this is the case if the cutting part 30 is made of an inexpensive material.

[0135] 10 and 11 show a third exemplary embodiment of a tool 10 according to the invention. The previous features and explanations preferably apply additionally or supplementarily, where appropriate, even if repetition is omitted.

[0136] 10 and 11, the cutting insert holder 12 is preferably constructed as described above, i.e. similar to the cutting insert holder 12 according to the first exemplary embodiment. The cutting insert 14' preferably differs from the cutting insert 14 only by a slightly different cutting portion 30'.

[0137] In the third exemplary embodiment, the cutting part 30' is partially polygonal or polygonal. The cutting edge 42' has a plurality of straight / rectilinear cutting edge segments 44', 46', which are equidistantly arranged with respect to the intersection point 40. The cutting insert 14' can therefore also be used in the same manner as described above in both orientations, i.e. when inserted into the first cutting insert receptacle 20 and when inserted into the second cutting insert receptacle 22. In FIG. 11, the positions of the first and second cutting edge segments 44', 46' are shown similarly to FIG. 6. In particular, the first cutting edge segment 44' is shown both in a use or working position (solid lines) and in a position offset therefrom (dashed lines).

[0138] The cutting edge can also be oval or elliptical.

[0139] The cutting insert 14 according to the third exemplary embodiment can also be used in the cutting insert holder 12 according to the second exemplary embodiment without the height adjustment device 48 .

[0140] Fig. 12 shows a fourth exemplary embodiment of the tool 10 according to the proposal. In the following description, essentially only the differences from the previous exemplary embodiments are described. The previous features and descriptions are preferably applied additionally or supplementarily, where appropriate, even if repetition is omitted. For identical or similar components, in particular where the same or similar properties, advantages and effects are also achieved, the same reference signs as above are used.

[0141] The fourth exemplary embodiment differs from the above exemplary embodiments in the configuration and design of the cutting insert receivers 20, 22 and the corresponding cutting inserts 14.

[0142] In the fourth exemplary embodiment, the cutting insert receivers 20 , 22 are preferably located or formed on the upper side or top surface 19 of the tool 10 and / or cutting insert holder 12 .

[0143] The upper side 19 here is preferably a lateral side of the tool 10 and / or the cutting insert holder 12 and is arranged transversely, in particular orthogonally, to the front side 18. If the tool 10 and / or the cutting insert holder 12 is used and / or mounted in an apparatus or drive, the upper side 19 preferably extends in a substantially horizontal direction.

[0144] Particularly preferably, the upper side 19 is the side that is oriented upwards or is accessible from above when the tool 10 and / or the cutting insert holder 12 are in the mounted state. However, other solutions are also possible here.

[0145] In the fourth exemplary embodiment, the cutting insert receivers 20, 22 are preferably formed as gaps, recesses or depressions in the upper side 19. In particular, the gaps, recesses or depressions extend from the front side 18 or from an edge between the front side 18 and the upper side 19 along respective central axes 24, 26.

[0146] Preferably, the cutting insert receiving portions 20, 22 are at least substantially V-shaped and / or tapered from the front side 18 or from an edge between the front side 18 and the upper side 19 in the direction of their respective central axes 24 or 26.

[0147] In the example shown, the cutting insert receptacles 20, 22 are rounded at their tapered or rear ends, but other solutions are also possible here.

[0148] Also in this exemplary embodiment, the depth of the receiver is preferably understood to be the extension of the respective cutting insert receiver 20, 22, in particular the extension of the gap, recess or depression forming the respective cutting insert receiver 20, 22, starting from the front side 18, here in particular along the upper side 19. In particular, again the depth of the receiver limits the distance the cutting insert 14 is received in the cutting insert receiver 20, 22 and / or defines the distance of the cutting portion 30 or cutting edge 42 from the front side 18.

[0149] Concerning the alignment and / or positioning of the cutting insert receivers 20, 22 relative to one another, the same explanations preferably apply as above. In particular, the cutting insert receivers 20, 22 are inclined relative to one another in such a way that their central axes 24, 26 meet at a virtual intersection point 40, to which the same explanations preferably apply as above. In Fig. 12 the (acute) angle α at which the central axes 24, 26 are inclined relative to one another is shown.

[0150] Preferably, the cutting insert receivers 20, 22 define a common receiver area / region 23 formed by a continuous recess. In other words, the cutting insert receivers 20, 22 preferably partially overlap or intersect.

[0151] Particularly preferably, the receiving area 23 is at least essentially W-shaped and / or two partially overlapping, in particular V-shaped, cutting insert receiving parts 20, 22 form an at least essentially W-shaped receiving area 23.

[0152] The cutting insert receptacles 20, 22 are preferably formed identically and / or mirror-symmetrically to one another. The symmetry or mirror axis of the cutting insert receptacles 20, 22 or of the receptacle area 23 preferably passes through the intersection point 40, in particular such that it also forms a mirror axis of the central axes 24, 26.

[0153] The cutting insert 14 is preferably designed to correspond to the cutting insert receptacles 20, 22, in particular to have a corresponding V-shaped portion or an at least partially V-shaped outer contour.

[0154] The cutting insert 14 is preferably plate-shaped or designed as a plate, in particular a cutting plate.

[0155] Particularly preferably, the cutting insert 14 or its outer contour is at least essentially rhombus- or diamond-shaped, however, other solutions are also possible here, for example a kite-quadrilateral shape.

[0156] The cutting insert 14 is preferably a standardized component, in particular a cutting insert or an indexable insert according to ISO 1832, for example ISO 1832:2017.

[0157] The cutting insert 14 preferably has at least one cutting portion 30. The cutting portion 30 is preferably formed as described for the first exemplary embodiment or as described for the second exemplary embodiment.

[0158] The cutting insert 14 can also have multiple cutting portions 30, for example on opposite edges or corners. This has the advantage that the cutting insert 14 can be rotated in the cutting insert receiver 20 or 22 so that different cutting portions 30 can be used. The cutting portions 30 can in particular be of the same or different design to enable the same or different machining operations.

[0159] Preferably, also in the fourth exemplary embodiment, each cutting insert receiving portion 20, 22 forms a stop for the cutting insert 14, which limits the distance that the cutting insert 14 can be received within the cutting insert receiving portion 20, 22 and / or allows a defined distance of the cutting portion 30 or cutting edge 42 from the front side 18.

[0160] In the illustrative example with a V-shaped design of the cutting insert receivers 20, 22, each cutting insert receiver 20, 22 or its stop preferably has two stop surfaces 32 formed by the V-shape. The cutting insert 14 preferably has two corresponding (opposing) abutment surfaces 34. Particularly preferably, the two stop surfaces 32 enclose the same angle as the two (opposing) abutment surfaces 34.

[0161] Preferably, at least one receiving portion for a fastening means 36, in particular a screw thread 38, for fastening / fixing the cutting insert 14 is provided on the cutting insert holder 12, in particular on its receiving area 23.

[0162] In the shown example, each cutting insert receiver 20, 22 has its own thread 38, 38'. In particular, the cutting insert holder 12 and / or the receiver area 23 have two threads 38, 38'. However, solutions are also possible in which only one (common) thread 38 is provided, in particular arranged between the cutting insert receivers 20, 22 or in their overlapping area / zone (not shown).

[0163] The cutting insert 14 preferably has one (central) opening or aperture 50 , particularly preferably has only one (central) opening or aperture 50 .

[0164] The fastening means 36, in particular a screw, is guided through the opening / opening 50 of the cutting insert 14 and fastened / fixed in a corresponding receiving portion, in particular screwed into the thread 38 or 38', so that the cutting insert 14 is held on the cutting insert holder 12, in particular in a press-fit and / or form-fitting manner.

[0165] However, other solutions are also possible here, for example the cutting insert 14 can alternatively or additionally have a thread, or instead of the thread on the cutting insert 14 and / or the cutting insert holder 12 fastening can be performed by a lock nut or the like.

[0166] To fasten / fix the cutting insert 14, it is preferable that the cutting insert 14 is inserted or placed into the desired cutting insert receiving portion 20, 22, in particular from above, and then fastened / fixed by a fastening means 36, in particular a screw, in particular from above and / or from the same side as the cutting insert 14 was inserted / placed.

[0167] Preferably, the fastening / fixing of the cutting insert 14 is self-centering.

[0168] Preferably, for repositioning / reclamping, the fastening means 36 are loosened, in particular removed, and the cutting insert 14 is removed from the cutting insert receiver 20, 22 and inserted into another cutting insert receiver 22, 20. The cutting insert 14 is then (re)fixed with the fastening means 36, particularly preferably via the opening / aperture 50 of the same cutting insert 14 as before and / or via a receiver or thread 38' of a cutting insert holder 12 different from before.

[0169] As a result of reclamping, the cutting insert 14 is preferably in a position pivoted by the angle α about the intersection point 40, as described above with respect to the other exemplary embodiments, so the same comments and advantages as above apply here too.

[0170] The tool 10 and / or the cutting insert holder 12 according to the fourth exemplary embodiment is preferably provided with a height adjustment device 48, as shown in Fig. 12. However, it is also possible here to form the tool 10 and / or the cutting insert holder 12 without the height adjustment device 48, as described in connection with the second exemplary embodiment.

[0171] Generally, and in particular with regard to the first, second, third and / or fourth exemplary embodiment(s), the cutting insert holder 12 can have not only two cutting insert receptacles 20, 22, but also three or more cutting insert receptacles oriented obliquely relative to one another. In such cases, the central axes of all cutting insert receptacles intersect at an intersection point 40. As a result, the cutting insert 14 can be used not only twice in the cutting insert holder 12, i.e. in two different arrangements, but also multiple times depending on the number of cutting insert receptacles.

[0172] 13 shows diagrammatically the proposed device 100 and / or the proposed linear drive device 101 for processing / machining a preferably optical workpiece 102, in particular an optical surface 102A. The optical workpiece 102 is for example a lens or a pair of spectacles / eyeglass lenses, particularly preferably made of plastic. Preferably, the machining, in particular the (form) cutting, of the workpiece 102 or its surface or flat surface 102A is performed by turning, in particular surface turning.

[0173] In the illustrated preferred exemplary embodiment, the device 100 preferably comprises a workpiece spindle 103. The workpiece spindle 103 is particularly preferably a directly driven, precisely mounted shaft and / or a direct drive or other drive, and in any case preferably has an integrated receiver 104 for the workpiece 102. In principle it is possible to enable a direct reception or fixing / clamping of the workpiece 102, but preferably the workpiece 102 is held indirectly via a holder 105.

[0174] The workpiece 102 and / or the holder 105 are preferably capable of being mounted / fixed / clamped in a specific axial and / or rotational position so that the workpiece 102 can be machined in a defined manner. For this purpose the holder 105 may be made of multiple parts.

[0175] By means of the workpiece spindle 103 the attached / clamped workpiece 102 can be rotated around the C axis for machining. The workpiece spindle 103 in particular forms a rotation drive for the workpiece 102. The workpiece spindle 103 in particular forms a calculated or controlled axis of rotation C. Particularly preferably, the workpiece spindle 103 can rotate the workpiece 102 in a controlled or feedback-controlled manner at a specific rotational speed and / or in a defined rotational position.

[0176] Preferably, the apparatus 100 includes a controller 106 for controlling or feedback controlling the workpiece spindle 103 and / or for controlling or feedback controlling the linear drive 101 and / or for other control or feedback control purposes.

[0177] A workpiece 102 is preferably machined, in particular (shape) cut, by the tool 10. The tool 10 is held by a linear drive device 101 and is linearly movable in one direction relative to the workpiece 102 by the linear drive device 101, as shown by the double arrow Z in FIG.

[0178] Preferably, the tool 10 is attached / fixed / mounted to the linear drive 101 such that the cutting insert receiving portions 20, 22 are at least substantially in a horizontal plane.

[0179] Preferably, the workpiece spindle 103 with the workpiece 102 to be machined can be advanced or positioned in the W direction (preferably in the direction of the spindle axis and / or rotation axis C) relative to the tool 10 and / or the linear drive 101 and / or can be moved or displaced in the X direction transverse or perpendicular to the W or Z direction. Furthermore, the workpiece 102 and / or the workpiece spindle 103 can optionally also be moved or displaced in the X direction and / or in the Y direction transverse or perpendicular to the W or Z direction relative to the tool 10. In principle, other or additional movement directions and / or movement axes are also possible.

[0180] If desired, the axis alignment of the rotational or rotary axis C of the workpiece spindle 103 may be in the W, X and / or Y direction or oblique to the W, X and / or Y axes.

[0181] The directions or axes W and X preferably extend at least substantially horizontally, and the direction or axis Y preferably extends at least substantially vertically.

[0182] Preferably, the adjustment in the Y direction or Y axis serves only for fine adjustment or height adjustment, as described above in connection with the height adjustment device 48 of the tool 10. This height adjustment can be made exclusively by the Y axis or in addition to the (coarse / rough) height adjustment by the height adjustment device 48.

[0183] The direction of the Z axis on the one hand and the direction of the W axis on the other hand and / or the axis alignment of the pivot or rotation axis C can be parallel or inclined to each other and / or can be adjustable or inclined to each other.

[0184] In the illustrated example, the movement or linear axis Z preferably extends at least essentially parallel to the pivot or rotation axis C of the workpiece 102. However, particularly preferably, the Z axis is inclined to the W and / or C axes, in particular by more than 3° or 5° and / or less than 15° or 10°, particularly preferably by about 7°. This has the advantage that the above-mentioned fine adjustment in the Y direction can be carried out by shifting the zero point.

[0185] If the Z-axis is inclined relative to the W-axis and / or C-axis, the tool 10 and / or the cutting insert holder 12 are preferably mounted on the linear drive 101 so that this inclination is again compensated, in particular so that the cutting portion 30 and / or the central axes 24, 26 are horizontal and / or perpendicular to the flat surface 102a of the workpiece 102.

[0186] Preferably, the W-axis is used for the basic infeed of the workpiece 102 and tool 10, particularly over long travel or infeed distances / paths.

[0187] Preferably, the linear drive 101 is an electrically operated axial drive, in particular a so-called fast tool drive, for controlling and / or quickly / rapidly moving the tool 10 back and forth in its axial position or Z-axis, in particular as a function of the rotational position of the workpiece 102 and / or as a function of the distance of the tool 10 from the axis of rotation of the workpiece spindle 103. The linear drive 101 enables a preferably linear and / or controlled or feedback-controlled movement of the tool 10 and thus forms a preferably controlled or feedback-controlled linear axis Z.

[0188] In contrast to the W axis, the linear axis Z preferably results in a very dynamic and / or fast axis or movement, in particular as a function of the rotational position of the workpiece and / or the workpiece spindle 103. The linear drive 101 therefore preferably functions for a very fast / rapid movement of the tool 10 in the Z direction, in particular as a function of the rotational position of the workpiece, but with a relatively small stroke.

[0189] The maximum stroke or travel path of the linear drive 101 and / or the tool 10 is preferably several mm, in particular more than 10 mm or 12 mm, particularly preferably about 15 mm, in particular with a travel frequency of more than 25 or 50 Hz and / or more than 50 m / s 2 , or 100 m / s 2 More preferably, about 300 m / s 2 or up to 400m / s 2 The tool 10 can also move back and forth in the Z direction multiple times during one revolution of the workpiece 102.

[0190] The linear drive 101 may be configured, for example, as shown in WO 2013 / 117327, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein.

[0191] During machining, the workpiece 102 is preferably moved in the X and / or Y directions relative to the tool 10 to provide the desired surface machining, in particular machining of the surfaces and / or flat faces 102a.

[0192] The apparatus 100 preferably includes a housing, frame, or machine bed 107 that supports the workpiece spindle 103 and the linear drive 101. The workpiece spindle 103 and the linear drive 101 are preferably movably mounted or positioned on the machine bed 107 via slides (not shown) or the like.

[0193] Particularly preferably, the tool 10 and / or the cutting insert holder 12 are attached / mounted or attachable / mountable to the apparatus 100 and / or the linear drive apparatus 101 such that the cutting insert 14 can be repositioned / reclamped or replaced without detaching / removing the cutting insert holder 12.

[0194] To reposition / reclamp or replace the cutting insert 14, it is preferably only necessary to loosen the fastening means 36 and remove the cutting insert 14 from the corresponding cutting insert receiver 20, 22. The cutting insert 14 or a new cutting insert 14 is then inserted into the other cutting insert receiver 22, 20 and fixed again by the fastening means 36. Loosening the cutting insert holder 12 is preferably not necessary.

[0195] In particular, the fastening means 36 are accessible or releasable without dismantling / removing the cutting insert holder 12 and / or relative to the mounted cutting insert holder 12, in particular from above.

[0196] When using a new cutting insert 14 or a refurbished, in particular a rewrapped, cutting insert 14, a realignment or repositioning may be required, in particular with respect to the W-axis, X-axis and / or Y-axis of the workpiece spindle 103. In particular, the position of the workpiece 102 is therefore adapted to the new or refurbished cutting insert 14.

[0197] Particularly preferably, the tool 10 and / or the cutting insert holder 12 are designed / configured in such a way that no realignment or repositioning is necessary when the same cutting insert 14 is re-clamped and thus changed from one cutting insert receptacle 20, 22 to another cutting insert receptacle 22, 20. Preferably, the positioning is exclusively done by the above-mentioned design / configuration of the tool 10, in particular the self-centering associated therewith. In particular, the new cutting edge segment used is in exactly the same position after re-clamping as the previously used cutting edge segment was.

[0198] In principle, it is also possible to exchange the workpiece 102 and the tool 10 and / or effect a kinematic reversal.

[0199] Individual aspects and features of the present invention can be advantageously implemented independently, but can also be implemented in any combination. [Explanation of symbols]

[0200] 10 tools 12 Cutting insert holder 12A First Part 12B Second Part 14, 14´ Cutting insert 16 Machine Interface 18 Front 19 Upper side 20 First cutting insert receiving portion 22 Second cutting insert receiving portion 23 Receiving area 24 First central axis 26 Second central axis 28 Clamp section 30, 30´ cutting part 32 Rear stop surface 34 Opposing abutment surfaces 36 Fixing means 37 Aperture 38, 38´ thread 39 Gap 40 Virtual Intersection 42, 42´ cutting edge 44, 44´ First cutting edge segment 46, 46´ Second cutting edge segment 48 Height adjustment device 50 aperture 100 devices 101 Linear Drive Unit 102 Workpiece 102A flat surface 103 Workpiece spindle 104 Receiving part 105 Holder 106 Control device 107 Machine Bed α angle C Linear axis W Linear axis X linear axis Y Linear Axis Z linear axis t Receiving part depth

Claims

1. A tool (10) for machining a workpiece (102), comprising: cutting inserts (14, 14'); a cutting insert holder (12) including a first cutting insert receiving portion (20) extending along a first central axis (24) and a second cutting insert receiving portion (22) extending along a second central axis (26) capable of selectively receiving the cutting inserts (14, 14') therein; Preparation, wherein the first and second central axes (24, 26) intersect at a virtual intersection (40) located in an area covered by the cutting insert (14, 14') when the cutting insert (14, 14') is received in the first cutting insert receiving portion (20) and when the cutting insert (14, 14') is received in the second cutting insert receiving portion (22).

2. A tool as described in claim 1, wherein the cutting insert (14, 14') has at least one cutting edge (42), and the at least one cutting edge (42) has a first cutting edge segment (44, 44') and a second cutting edge segment (46, 46').

3. A tool as described in claim 2, wherein when the cutting insert (14, 14') is received in the second cutting insert receiving portion (22), the second cutting edge segment (46, 46') is in the same position as the first cutting edge segment (44, 44') when the cutting insert (14, 14') is received in the first cutting insert receiving portion (20).

4. A tool as described in claim 2 or 3, wherein the cutting edge (42) can be partially polygonal, elliptical or arc-shaped, and / or the first cutting edge segment and the second cutting edge segment (44, 44', 46, 46') are positioned equidistant from the intersection point (40) when the cutting insert (14, 14') is received in the first cutting insert receiving portion (20) and when the cutting insert (14, 14') is received in the second cutting insert receiving portion (22).

5. A tool as described in claim 2 or 3, wherein each of the two cutting edge segments (44, 44', 46, 46') extends over at least 10% of the total length of the at least one cutting edge (42), and / or the two cutting edge segments (44, 46) lie on an arc whose center coincides with the intersection point (40) when the cutting insert (14) is received in the first cutting insert receiving portion (20) and when the cutting insert (14) is received in the second cutting insert receiving portion (22).

6. 4. The tool according to claim 1, wherein the first cutting insert receiving portion (20) is configured as a first receiving pocket into which the cutting insert (14, 14') can be inserted from a front side (18) of the cutting insert holder (12) along the first central axis (24), and the second cutting insert receiving portion (22) is configured as a second receiving pocket into which the cutting insert (14, 14') can be inserted from the front side (18) of the cutting insert holder (12) along the second central axis (26).

7. The tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein each of the first and second cutting insert receiving portions (20, 22) is formed as at least substantially V-shaped recesses that partially overlap each other.

8. 4. The tool according to claim 1, wherein a shape of the first receiving pocket or first cutting insert receiving portion (20) is identical to a shape of the second receiving pocket or second cutting insert receiving portion (22), and / or the first central axis (24) and the second central axis (26) are aligned with respect to each other at an acute angle (α).

9. The tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cutting insert (14, 14') is received or receivable in the cutting insert receiving portion (20, 22) in a self-centering manner.

10. 4. The tool according to claim 1, wherein the cutting insert holder (12) comprises fixing means (36) adapted to fix or clamp the cutting insert (14, 14') to the cutting insert holder (12) when the cutting insert (14) is received in the first cutting insert receiving portion (20) and when the cutting insert (14) is received in the second cutting insert receiving portion (22).

11. The tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a height adjustment device (48) is provided for adjusting the tip height of the cutting edge (42) of the cutting insert (14, 14').

12. A cutting insert holder (12) for a tool (10) for machining a workpiece (102), comprising: a first cutting insert receiving portion (20) extending along a first central axis (24) for receiving a cutting insert (14, 14'); a second cutting insert receiving portion (22) extending along a second central axis (26) for receiving the cutting insert (14, 14'); Equipped with the first central axis (24) and the second central axis (26) are aligned at an acute angle (α) with respect to each other and intersect at an imaginary intersection point (40) such that the cutting insert (14, 14') is selectively receivable in the first cutting insert receiving portion (20) or the second cutting insert receiving portion (22).

13. A cutting insert holder as described in claim 12, wherein each cutting insert receiving portion (20, 22) has a rear stop surface (32) for the corresponding abutment surface (34) of the cutting insert (14, 14').

14. 14. The cutting insert holder according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the first cutting insert receiving portion (20) is configured as a first receiving pocket into which the cutting insert (14, 14') is insertable along the first central axis (24) from a front side (18) of the cutting insert holder (12), and has a first receiving depth (t) measured along the first central axis (24), and the second cutting insert receiving portion (22) is configured as a second receiving pocket into which the cutting insert (14, 14') is insertable along the second central axis (26) from the front side (18) of the cutting insert holder (12), and has a second receiving depth (t) measured along the second central axis (26).

15. 15. The cutting insert holder of claim 14, wherein a distance of the virtual intersection point (40) from the front side (18) of the cutting insert holder (12) is less than the first and second receptacle depths (t).

16. The cutting insert holder of claim 14, wherein the first and second receptacle depths (t) are the same size.

17. 13. The cutting insert holder according to claim 12, wherein the first and second cutting insert receiving portions (20, 22) are formed as at least substantially V-shaped recesses or as elongated depressions having a non-circular or polygonal cross section.

18. A cutting insert holder as described in claim 12, 13, or 17, wherein the virtual intersection (40) is located outside the cutting insert holder (12).

19. 14. The cutting insert holder according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the cutting insert holder (12) comprises a height adjustment device (48) for adjusting the height of the cutting insert holder (12) when mounted on a machine.

20. A cutting insert (14, 14') for a tool (10) for machining a workpiece (102), the cutting insert (14, 14') having a cutting portion (30) with at least one cutting edge (42) for machining the workpiece (102) and a clamping portion (28) for clamping to the cutting insert holder (12), the clamping portion (28) being rod-shaped.

21. 21. The cutting insert according to claim 20, wherein the clamping portion (28) is shaped as a prism and / or has a non-circular or polygonal cross section.

22. A cutting insert as described in Claim 20, wherein the clamping portion (28) has a triangular cross section.

23. A cutting insert as described in claim 22, wherein the cross section is an isosceles triangle, the base of which has a length different from the other sides.

24. A cutting insert as described in Claim 23, wherein the isosceles triangle has rounded corners and / or the base has a length shorter than the other sides.

25. A cutting insert described in any one of claims 20 to 24, wherein the cutting portion (30) is made of diamond.

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