Terminal device, method by terminal device, and program

Abstract

To prevent interference with a sensing signal and improve the accuracy of sensing, when sensing is performed multiple times.SOLUTION: A terminal device 10 includes a control unit 110 and a communication unit 120. The control unit 110 and the communication unit 120 are configured to perform sensing multiple times by exchanging sensing signals by applying any one of different beams, different frequencies, and different signal sequences in multiple times of sensing.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 35

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a terminal device, a method by the terminal device, and a program, and more particularly to a terminal device, a method by the terminal device, and a program for preventing interference of sensing signals. [Background technology]

[0002] The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) has defined wireless communication specifications called 5G NR (Fifth Generation New Radio), and technological development of these wireless specifications is progressing.

[0003] Following 5G NR, 6G systems, the sixth generation of wireless communication specifications, are also being considered. For 6G systems, technical specifications for sensing solutions are being considered. Sensing solutions use the Doppler effect to detect targets by analyzing changes in the frequency spectrum of emitted radio waves.

[0004] Non-Patent Document 1 describes an overview of sensing solutions being considered for 6G systems. It is expected that technical specifications related to sensing solutions will be considered and defined in the future. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0005] [Non-Patent Document 1] de Lima, C., Belot, D., Berkvens, R., Bourdoux, A., Dardari, A., Guillaud, M., Isomursu, M., Lohan, E.-S., Miao, Y., Barreto, AN, Aziz, MRK, Saloranta, J., Sanguanpuak, T., Sarieddeen, H., Seco-Granados, G., Suutala, J., Svensson, T., Valkama, M., Wymeersch, H., & van Liempd, B. (Eds.). (2020), '6G White Paper on Localization and Sensing', [White paper]. (6G Research Visions, No. 12). University of Oulu., [online], June 30, 2020, [Retrieved July 25, 2020], Internet<URL:http: / / urn.fi / urn:isbn:9789526226743> Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] In 5G NR, various wireless communication specifications are defined. In particular, specifications for allocating resources for transmitting communication signals are defined to prevent interference between devices. It is expected that specifications for allocating resources for transmitting communication signals will also be defined in the 6G system.

[0007] In order to realize the above-mentioned sensing solution, it is expected that a large number of terminal devices will transmit sensing signals. It is necessary to prevent a sensing signal transmitted by one terminal device from interfering with a communication signal transmitted from another device and / or a sensing signal transmitted from another device. In particular, it is conceivable to perform sensing multiple times in order to improve the accuracy of sensing, but it is also necessary to prevent the above-mentioned interference in sensing that is performed multiple times. Non-Patent Document 1 does not describe a mechanism for performing sensing multiple times.

[0008] In view of the above circumstances, the present invention provides a technique for preventing interference between sensing signals and improving the accuracy of sensing when sensing is performed multiple times. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] In order to achieve the above object, the terminal device (10) of the present invention includes a control unit (110) and a communication unit (120), and the control unit and the communication unit are configured to perform sensing multiple times by exchanging sensing signals by applying different beams, different frequencies, and different signal sequences in the multiple sensing operations.

[0010] Further, the method of the terminal device (10) in the present invention includes performing sensing multiple times by exchanging sensing signals by applying any of different beams, different frequencies, and different signal sequences in the multiple sensing times.

[0011] According to the above configuration, when sensing is performed multiple times, it is possible to prevent the sensing signal transmitted by the terminal device from interfering with the sensing signal from another terminal device, and to improve the accuracy of sensing. Note that the above configuration may provide other effects instead of or in addition to the above effect. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0012] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a communication and sensing system S. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a protocol stack of the U-plane. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the C-plane protocol stack. [Figure 4] 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic hardware configuration of a terminal device 10. FIG. [Diagram 5] 2 is a block diagram showing a schematic functional configuration of a terminal device 10. FIG. [Figure 6] 2 is a block diagram showing a schematic hardware configuration of a base station device 20. FIG. [Figure 7] 2 is a block diagram showing a schematic functional configuration of a base station device 20. FIG. [Figure 8] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a radio frame structure. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overview of self-sensing. [Figure 10] 1 is a diagram illustrating an overview of cooperative sensing by a base station device 20 and a terminal device 10. FIG. [Figure 11] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an overview of collaborative sensing by a terminal device 10. [Figure 12] A diagram showing an overview of sharing of sensing beams and communication beams. [Figure 13] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overview of sharing a sensing antenna and a communication antenna. [Figure 14] FIG. 1 shows an overview of separation of a sensing beam from a communication beam. [Figure 15] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overview of separation of a sensing antenna from a communication antenna. [Figure 16] FIG. 1 illustrates an overview of separation of sensing resources from communication resources in the time domain. [Figure 17] FIG. 1 shows an overview of the separation of sensing resources from communication resources in the frequency domain. [Figure 18] FIG. 1 shows an overview of separation of sensing resources from communication resources in the code domain. [Figure 19]FIG. 1 shows an overview of frequency domain / code domain separation of sensing resources. [Figure 20] FIG. 1 shows an overview of time domain / code domain separation of sensing resources. [Figure 21] FIG. 1 shows an overview of separation of sensing resources in the time domain / frequency domain. [Figure 22] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an overview of sensing ID assignment. [Diagram 23] A diagram showing the relationship between communication resources and sensing resources in the time domain. [Figure 24] FIG. 13 illustrates another relationship between communication resources and sensing resources in the time domain. [Diagram 25] 11 is a flowchart showing the process of a sensing procedure including self-sensing. [Figure 26] 11 is a flowchart showing another process of the sensing procedure including self-sensing. [Figure 27] 11 is a flowchart showing the processing of a sensing procedure including collaborative sensing. [Figure 28] 11 is a flowchart illustrating another process of a sensing procedure including collaborative sensing. [Figure 29] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing transmission intervals and non-transmission intervals in the time domain of sensing resources. [Diagram 30] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating an overview of a process for generating a signal waveform by inserting a non-transmission period. [Diagram 31] 13 is a diagram showing an outline of another process for generating a signal waveform by inserting a non-transmission period. FIG. [Diagram 32] FIG. 13 illustrates the relationship between communication resources and sensing resources in the time domain before and after changing the time domain period. [Diagram 33] A diagram showing the relationship between communication resources and sensing resources in the time domain after changing the time domain period. [Diagram 34] A diagram showing the relationship between communication resources and sensing resources in the time domain after changing the time domain length. [Diagram 35] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the relationship between beams, frequencies, and signal sequences applied when sensing is performed multiple times. [Diagram 36] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the relationship between beams, frequencies, and signal sequences applied when sensing is performed multiple times. [Figure 37] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the relationship between beams, frequencies, and signal sequences applied when sensing is performed multiple times. [Figure 38] 11 is a flowchart showing the processing of a sensing procedure including collaborative sensing that is performed multiple times. [Figure 39] 11 is a flowchart illustrating another process of a sensing procedure including collaborative sensing performed multiple times. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0013] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In this specification and the drawings, elements that can be similarly described may be designated by the same reference numerals, and redundant description may be omitted.

[0014] Each embodiment described below is merely one example of a configuration that can realize the present invention. Each of the following embodiments can be appropriately modified or changed depending on the configuration of the device to which the present invention is applied and various conditions. Not all of the combinations of elements included in each of the following embodiments are necessarily essential to realize the present invention, and some of the elements can be omitted as appropriate. Therefore, the scope of the present invention is not limited by the configurations described in each of the following embodiments. As long as there is no mutual contradiction, a configuration that combines multiple configurations described in the following embodiments can also be adopted.

[0015] 1. First embodiment 1.1. Communication and sensing systems 1, the communication and sensing system S of the first embodiment includes one or more terminal apparatuses (Terminal Apparatus) 10, one or more base station apparatuses (Base Station Apparatus) 20, and a core network 30. The communication and sensing system S is configured in accordance with predetermined technical specifications (Technical Specifications, TS). For example, the communication and sensing system S may comply with technical specifications (e.g., 5G, 5G Advanced, 6G, etc.) defined by 3GPP.

[0016] In the communication and sensing system S, for example, various wireless communications are performed between the terminal device 10 and the base station device 20 according to the 5G NR specifications. In addition, in the communication and sensing system S, various sensing operations are performed between the terminal device 10 and the base station device 20, or between the terminal devices 10. Details of the sensing operations will be described later.

[0017] In the communication and sensing system S, the user plane, where user data is transmitted and received, and the control plane, where control data is transmitted and received, are configured separately. In other words, the communication and sensing system S supports C / U separation. The user plane is abbreviated as U-plane, and the control plane is abbreviated as C-plane.

[0018] The terminal device 10 is a device that wirelessly communicates with the base station device 20 and may be, for example, user equipment (UE) that operates in accordance with the 5G NR specifications of 3GPP. The terminal device 10 may also be a device that complies with other older or newer 3GPP specifications.

[0019] The terminal device 10 may be, for example, a mobile phone terminal such as a smartphone, a tablet terminal, a notebook PC, a communication module, a communication card, or an IoT device such as a surveillance camera or a robot. The terminal device 10 may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, a train, etc.) or a device provided therein. The terminal device 10 may be a transport body other than a vehicle (e.g., a ship, an airplane, etc.) or a device provided therein. The terminal device 10 may be a sensor or a device provided therein. The terminal device 10 may be called by another name such as a terminal, a mobile station, a mobile terminal, a mobile device, a mobile unit, a subscriber station, a subscriber terminal, a subscriber device, a subscriber unit, a wireless station, a wireless terminal, a wireless device, a wireless unit, a remote station, a remote terminal, a remote device, a remote unit, etc. The terminal device 10 may be a device adapted to one or more of enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC), and massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC).

[0020] The base station device 20 manages at least one cell. A cell constitutes the smallest unit of a communication area. For example, one cell belongs to one frequency (e.g., carrier frequency) and is constituted by one component carrier. The term "cell" may represent a wireless communication resource, and may also represent a communication target of the terminal device 10. The base station device 20 wirelessly communicates with the terminal device 10 located in its own cell in the U-plane and C-plane. In other words, the base station device 20 terminates the U-plane protocol and the C-plane protocol for the terminal device 10.

[0021] The base station device 20 communicates with the core network 30 in the U-plane and the C-plane. More specifically, the core network 30 includes a plurality of logical nodes including an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) and a User Plane Function (UPF). The base station device 20 connects to the AMF in the C-plane and connects to the UPF in the U-plane.

[0022] The base station device 20 may be, for example, a gNB that provides the U-plane and C-plane conforming to the 3GPP 5G NR specifications to the terminal device 10 and connects to the 3GPP 5GC (5G Core Network). The base station device 20 may also be a device conforming to other older or newer 3GPP specifications.

[0023] The base station device 20 may be configured with a plurality of unit devices. For example, the base station device 20 may be configured with a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), and a radio unit (RU).

[0024] A radio access network (RAN) is formed by connecting multiple base station devices 20 to each other. The radio access network formed by the base station devices 20 that are gNBs may be referred to as an NG-RAN. The base station device 20 that is a gNB may be referred to as an NG-RAN node.

[0025] The multiple base station devices 20 are connected to each other via a predetermined interface (for example, an Xn interface). More specifically, for example, the multiple base station devices 20 are connected to each other via an Xn-U interface in the U-plane, and are connected to each other via an Xn-C interface in the C-plane. Note that the multiple base station devices 20 may be connected to each other via other interfaces with different functions or names.

[0026] Each base station device 20 is connected to the core network 30 via a predetermined interface (for example, an NG interface). More specifically, for example, each base station device 20 is connected to the UPF of the core network 30 via an NG-U interface in the U-plane, and is connected to the AMF of the core network 30 via an NG-C interface in the C-plane. Note that each base station device 20 may be connected to the core network 30 via another interface with a different function or name.

[0027] A radio protocol architecture between the terminal device 10 and the base station device 20 will be described with reference to Fig. 2. Also, a radio protocol architecture between the terminal device 10 and the base station device 20 and between the terminal device 10 and the core network 30 will be described with reference to Fig. 3.

[0028] 2, in the U-plane protocol stack, from the bottom up, there are provided a physical (PHY) layer, a media access control (MAC) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, and a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer. Each of the above layers is terminated at the base station device 20 on the network side.

[0029] As shown in Fig. 3, in the C-plane protocol stack, from the bottom up, a physical (PHY) layer, a media access control (MAC) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and a non-access stratum (NAS) are provided. Each of the above layers other than the non-access stratum is terminated at the base station device 20 on the network side. The non-access stratum is terminated at the AMF of the core network 30 on the network side.

[0030] 4, the terminal device 10 has, as hardware elements, a processor 101, a memory 102, an input / output interface 103, a wireless interface 104, and an antenna 105. The above elements provided in the terminal device 10 are connected to each other by an internal bus. Note that the terminal device 10 may have hardware elements other than the elements shown in FIG.

[0031] The processor 101 is a computing element that realizes various functions of the terminal device 10. The processor 101 may be a system-on-a-chip (SoC) including elements such as a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), and a memory controller.

[0032] The memory 102 is composed of at least one storage medium such as a RAM (Random Access Memory) or an eMMC (embedded Multi Media Card). The memory 102 is an element that temporarily or permanently stores programs and data used to execute various processes in the terminal device 10. The programs include one or more instructions for the operation of the terminal device 10. The processor 101 realizes the functions of the terminal device 10 by expanding the programs stored in the memory 102 into the memory 102 and / or a system memory (not shown) and executing them.

[0033] The input / output interface 103 is an interface that accepts operations on the terminal device 10 and supplies them to the processor 101, and also presents various information to the user. The input / output interface 103 is, for example, a touch panel.

[0034] The wireless interface 104 is a circuit that executes various signal processing to realize wireless communication, and includes a baseband processor and an RF circuit. The wireless interface 104 transmits and receives wireless signals to and from the base station device 20 via an antenna 105.

[0035] 5, the terminal device 10 has, as functional blocks, a control unit 110 and a communication unit 120. The communication unit 120 has at least one transmission unit 121 and at least one reception unit 122.

[0036] The control unit 110 may include at least one processor 101 and at least one memory 102. In other words, the control unit 110 may be realized by the processor 101 and the memory 102. The control unit 110 executes various control processes in the terminal device 10. For example, the control unit 110 controls wireless communication with the base station device 20 via the communication unit 120. That is, the control unit 110 transmits and receives data / information / messages via the communication unit 120.

[0037] The communication unit 120 includes the radio interface 104 and the antenna 105. In other words, the communication unit 120 is realized by the radio interface 104 and the antenna 105. The communication unit 120 wirelessly communicates with the base station device 20 by transmitting and receiving radio signals to and from the base station device 20. Two or more radio interfaces 104 and two or more antennas 105 may be included in the communication unit 120.

[0038] The control unit 110 operates to execute various processes in the terminal device 10 of the present embodiment.

[0039] 6, base station device 20 has, as hardware elements, a processor 201, a memory 202, a network interface 203, a wireless interface 204, and an antenna 205. The above elements provided in base station device 20 are connected to each other by an internal bus. Note that base station device 20 may have hardware elements other than the elements shown in FIG.

[0040] The processor 201 is a computing element that realizes various functions of the base station device 20. The processor 201 may be a CPU, and may further include other processors such as a GPU.

[0041] The memory 202 is composed of at least one storage medium such as a ROM (Read Only Memory), a RAM, an HDD (Hard Disk Drive), or an SSD (Solid State Drive). The memory 202 is an element that temporarily or permanently stores programs and data used to execute various processes in the base station device 20. The programs include one or more instructions for the operation of the base station device 20. The processor 201 realizes the functions of the base station device 20 by expanding the programs stored in the memory 202 into the memory 202 and / or a system memory (not shown) and executing them.

[0042] The network interface 203 is an interface used to transmit and receive signals to and from other base station devices 20 and the core network 30 .

[0043] The wireless interface 204 is a circuit that executes various signal processing to realize wireless communication, and includes a baseband processor and an RF circuit. The wireless interface 204 transmits and receives wireless signals to and from the base station device 20 via the antenna 205.

[0044] 7, the base station device 20 has, as functional blocks, a control unit 210, a communication unit 220, and a network communication unit 230. The communication unit 220 has at least one transmission unit 221 and at least one reception unit 222.

[0045] The control unit 210 may include at least one processor 201 and at least one memory 202. In other words, the control unit 210 may be realized by the processor 201 and the memory 202. The control unit 210 executes various control processes in the base station device 20. For example, the control unit 210 controls wireless communication with the terminal device 10 via the communication unit 220. That is, the control unit 210 transmits and receives data / information / messages via the communication unit 220. Also, for example, the control unit 210 controls communication with other nodes (for example, other base station devices 20, nodes of the core network 30) via the network communication unit 230.

[0046] The communication unit 220 includes a radio interface 204 and an antenna 205. In other words, the communication unit 220 is realized by the radio interface 204 and the antenna 205. The communication unit 220 wirelessly communicates with the terminal device 10 by transmitting and receiving radio signals to and from the terminal device 10. Two or more radio interfaces 204 and two or more antennas 205 may be included in the communication unit 220.

[0047] The network communication unit 230 includes the network interface 203. In other words, the network communication unit 230 is realized by the network interface 203. The network interface 203 transmits and receives signals to and from the network (and further, the other nodes described above).

[0048] The control unit 210 operates to execute various processes in the base station device 20 of this embodiment.

[0049] 1.2. Radio Resources The terminal device 10 and the base station device 20 wirelessly communicate with each other using radio resources in the frequency domain and the time domain. Furthermore, the terminal device 10 performs sensing using radio resources with itself, other terminal devices 10, and / or the base station device 20. The radio resources will be described below.

[0050] The transmission method of the downlink communication from the base station device 20 to the terminal device 10 is, for example, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) using a cyclic prefix (CP), that is, CP-OFDM. The transmission method of the uplink communication from the terminal device 10 to the base station device 20 is, for example, the above-mentioned CP-OFDM, or DFTS-OFDM in which CP-OFDM is applied after Transform Precoding that performs Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) spreading. The transmission method of the sensing signal may also adopt the above-mentioned method. The sensing signal is transmitted from the base station device 20 to the terminal device 10, or transmitted between the terminal devices 10.

[0051] A cyclic prefix is ​​a redundant signal that functions as a guard period (GP) to prevent inter-symbol interference and inter-carrier interference, and is inserted at the beginning of an OFDM symbol. There are two types of cyclic prefixes: normal cyclic prefix and extended cyclic prefix.

[0052] As a radio resource in the frequency domain of OFDM, multiple subcarriers that are orthogonal to each other are used. The multiple subcarriers are arranged in the frequency domain at a predetermined subcarrier spacing (sub-carrier spacing, SCS) Δf. In the communication and sensing system S, multiple subcarrier spacings Δf may be applied. The subcarrier spacing Δf is expressed by the following formula, for example. Δf=2 μ 15[kHz]

[0053] Here, μ is an integer equal to or greater than 0 and can take on at least one of the values ​​0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. Therefore, the subcarrier spacing Δf [kHz] can take on at least one of the values ​​15, 30, 60, 120, 240, 480, and 960. Note that μ may take on a value of 7 or greater.

[0054] In the time domain of OFDM, a hierarchical radio frame structure is used as shown in Fig. 8. One radio frame includes 10 subframes. Subframes are assigned subframe numbers that count up by one from 0 to 9. One radio frame is divided into two half frames. The time length of a radio frame is 10 ms, the time length of a half frame is 5 ms, and the time length of a subframe is 1 ms. These time lengths are independent of the subcarrier spacing Δf.

[0055] One subframe includes one or more slots (slot(s)). The number of slots Ns included in one subframe depends on the above-mentioned value of μ, and further on the subcarrier interval Δf. The number of slots Ns is expressed by, for example, the following formula. Ns=2 μ

[0056] A slot includes multiple symbols. The number of symbols included in a slot depends on the type of cyclic prefix. For example, when a normal cyclic prefix is ​​used, a slot includes 14 symbols. For example, when an extended cyclic prefix is ​​used, a slot includes 12 symbols.

[0057] As described above, the number of slots and the number of symbols included in each of a radio frame, a half frame, and a subframe, which have a fixed time length, are variable. Therefore, the time length of a slot and the time length of a symbol are also variable.

[0058] A resource element (RE) is a radio resource unit in the time-frequency domain consisting of one subcarrier and one symbol, and a resource block (RB) is a radio resource unit in the time-frequency domain consisting of 12 subcarriers and multiple symbols.

[0059] Radio frames are assigned a system frame number (SFN) that counts up by one from 0 to 1023. SFN "0" corresponds to the initial SFN value, and SFN "1023" corresponds to the maximum SFN value. Therefore, SFN0 is assigned to the radio frame following a radio frame that has been assigned SFN1023. As the time length of a radio frame is 10 ms, the time length of one cycle of the system frame number is 10240 ms (= 10.24 seconds).

[0060] Here, the base station device 20 may configure one or more serving cells for the terminal device 10. The serving cell may correspond to a component carrier in a downlink and / or a component carrier in an uplink. A technology in which one or more serving cells are configured and the base station device 20 and the terminal device 10 perform wireless communication may be referred to as carrier aggregation.

[0061] Furthermore, the base station device 20 may set one or more bandwidth parts (Bandwidth Part, BWP) for the terminal device 10 for each of one or more serving cells. For example, a downlink bandwidth part (DownLink Bandwidth Part, DL-BWP) may be set in the downlink of one serving cell. Also, an uplink bandwidth part (UpLink Bandwidth Part, UL-BWP) may be set in the uplink of one serving cell. Here, the DL-BWP may include an initial DL-BWP (Initial DL-BWP) and / or a dedicated DL-BWP (Dedicated DL-BWP). Also, the UL-BWP may include an initial UL-BWP (Initial UL-BWP) and / or a dedicated UL-BWP (Dedicated UL-BWP). Hereinafter, the BWP may include a DL-BWP and / or a UL-BWP.

[0062] 1.3. Channel and Control Information The terminal device 10 and the base station device 20 transmit and receive user data and control information to and from each other. The transmission and reception of control information in the downlink and the uplink will be exemplified below.

[0063] The terminal device 10 and the base station device 20 transmit and receive user data and control information using a plurality of hierarchical channels. The physical channel is a channel used for physical communication between the terminal device 10 and the base station device 20. Examples of the physical channel include a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a physical broadcast channel (PBCH), and a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH).

[0064] A transport channel is a channel located above a physical channel, and is mapped to a physical channel in the PHY layer. A plurality of transport channels may be mapped to one physical channel. Examples of the transport channel include a downlink shared channel (DL-SCH) and an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH). For example, data in the downlink may be referred to as DL-SCH data. Also, for example, data in the uplink may be referred to as UL-SCH data. Here, the DL-SCH data includes user data in the downlink. Also, the UL-SCH data includes user data in the uplink.

[0065] A logical channel is a channel located above a transport channel, and is mapped to the transport channel in the MAC layer. Multiple logical channels may be mapped to one transport channel, and one logical channel may be mapped to multiple transport channels. Logical channels are classified according to the characteristics of the information they transmit. Examples of logical channels include a Broadcast Control CHannel (BCCH), a Common Control CHannel (CCCH), and a Dedicated Control CHannel (DCCH).

[0066] The base station device 20 transmits downlink control information (DCI) to the terminal device 10 using a PDCCH that is a physical channel. The DCI includes information on downlink and uplink resource allocation for the terminal device 10 and control information for the terminal device 10. The DCI is mapped to the PDCCH and corresponds to layer 1 signaling.

[0067] Here, one or more formats may be defined for the transmission of DCI in the PDCCH. The format defined for the transmission of DCI in the PDCCH may be referred to as a DCI format. For example, the DCI format may include a DCI format used for scheduling a Physical Downlink Shared CHannel (PDSCH) (for example, a format referred to as DCI format 1_0, DCI format 1_1, and / or DCI format 1_2). Also, for example, the DCI format may include a DCI format used for scheduling a Physical Uplink Shared CHannel (PUSCH) (for example, a format referred to as DCI format 0_0, DCI format 0_1, and / or DCI format 0_2). Also, the DCI format may include a DCI format not used for scheduling a PDSCH and / or a PUSCH. The DCI format used for scheduling a PDSCH and / or a PUSCH may be referred to as a scheduling DCI format. A DCI format that is not used for scheduling of PDSCH and / or PUSCH may be referred to as a non-scheduling DCI format. In this embodiment, for ease of explanation, the "DCI format" may be simply expressed as "PDCCH". Also, the "DCI generated according to the DCI format" may be simply expressed as "DCI format".

[0068] For example, the base station device 20 may configure frequency domain resources and / or time domain resources for the terminal device 10 to monitor (i.e., monitor) the PDCCH candidate set. For example, the frequency domain resources for the terminal device 10 to monitor the PDCCH candidate set may be referred to as a control resource set (COntrol REsource SET, CORESET). Also, the time domain resources for the terminal device 10 to monitor the PDCCH candidate set may be referred to as a search space set (SSS). The terminal device 10 may monitor the PDCCH candidate set in one or more CORESETs in the DL-BWP of the serving cell in which PDCCH monitoring is configured according to the corresponding search space set. Here, monitoring may imply attempting to decode each of the PDCCH candidates according to the monitored DCI format. The above configuration may be referred to as blind decoding.

[0069] Here, a CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) scrambled by an RNTI (Radio Network Temporary Identifier) ​​may be added to the DCI (or DCI format) transmitted by the PDCCH. The CRC may also be referred to as a CRC parity bit. A plurality of types of RNTI are defined. For example, the base station device 20 may set each RNTI by transmitting an RRC message including at least one of information indicating a C-RNTI (Cell-RNTI), information indicating a MCS-C-RNTI (Modulation and Coding Scheme Cell-RNTI), and information indicating a CS-RNTI (Configured Scheduling-RNTI). That is, a CRC scrambled by at least one of the C-RNTI, MCS-C-RNTI, and CS-RNTI may be added to the DCI (or DCI format) transmitted by the PDCCH.

[0070] The terminal device 10 may monitor (and / or receive) the PDCCH and detect (and / or receive) the DCI format.

[0071] The terminal device 10 transmits uplink control information (UCI) to the base station device 20 using the PUCCH, which is a physical channel. The UCI includes control information such as a Scheduling Request (SR), an Ack / Nack of a Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ), and Channel State Information (CSI). The UCI is mapped to the PUCCH or PUSCH and corresponds to Layer 1 signaling.

[0072] The base station device 20 uses DL-SCH, which is a transport channel, to transmit a control element (CE) of the MAC layer to the terminal device 10. The downlink MAC CE is mapped to the PDSCH via DL-SCH and corresponds to Layer 2 signaling.

[0073] The terminal device 10 transmits a control element (CE) of the MAC layer to the base station device 20 using the UL-SCH, which is a transport channel. The uplink MAC CE includes control information such as a buffer status report (BSR). The uplink MAC CE is mapped to the PUSCH via the UL-SCH and corresponds to layer 2 signaling.

[0074] The base station device 20 transmits (or reports) system information (SI) to the terminal device 10 using the BCCH, which is a logical channel. The SI includes minimum system information (MSI) and other system information (OSI). The MSI includes a master information block (MIB) and system information block 1 (SIB1). The SIB1 may be referred to as remaining minimum system information (RMSI). The OSI includes system information blocks (SIB2 to ) other than the SIB1. Of the BCCH, the MIB is mapped to the PBCH via the BCH (Broadcast CHannel), and the SIB is mapped to the PDSCH via the DL-SCH.

[0075] The base station device 20 transmits control information in the RRC layer to the terminal device 10 using a signaling radio bearer (SRB) established between the terminal device 10 and the base station device 20 in the RRC layer. Hereinafter, a message exchanged between the base station device 20 and the terminal device 10 in the RRC layer may be referred to as an RRC message. There are multiple types of SRBs (for example, SRB0, SRB1, SRB2, SRB3, SRB4). The SRB is used for transmitting and receiving an NAS message including control information in the NAS layer in addition to an RRC message. A CCCH or a DCCH is used for transmitting an RRC message from the base station device 20 to the terminal device 10. The CCCH and the DCCH are each mapped to a PDSCH via a DL-SCH. The RRC message corresponds to Layer 3 signaling.

[0076] As an example of a downlink RRC message, an RRC reconfiguration message will be described. The RRC reconfiguration message is an RRC message transmitted from the base station device 20 to the terminal device 10 using SRB1 or SRB3. DCCH is used for transmitting the RRC reconfiguration message. The RRC reconfiguration message is used to perform reconfiguration or modification regarding the connection between the base station device 20 and the terminal device 10.

[0077] The terminal device 10 transmits an RRC message to the base station device 20 using the above-mentioned SRB. A CCCH or a DCCH is used to transmit the RRC message from the terminal device 10 to the base station device 20. The CCCH and the DCCH are each mapped to a PUSCH via a UL-SCH. The RRC message corresponds to Layer 3 signaling.

[0078] As an example of an uplink RRC message, a user equipment capability information (UECapabilityInformation) message will be described. The user equipment capability information message is an RRC message transmitted from the terminal device 10 to the base station device 20 using an SRB1. A DCCH is used to transmit the user equipment capability information message. The user equipment capability information message is used to notify the base station device 20 of information related to the radio access capability of the terminal device 10.

[0079] As an example of an uplink RRC message, a user equipment assistance information (UE Assistance Information) message will be described. The user equipment assistance information message is an RRC message transmitted from the terminal device 10 to the base station device 20 using SRB1 or SRB3. DCCH is used to transmit the user equipment assistance information message. The user equipment assistance information message is used to notify the base station device 20 of various information related to the terminal device 10 (UE assistance information).

[0080] Sensing 1.4.1. Sensing Channel and Sensing Signal As described above, the terminal device 10 performs sensing by itself, with other terminal devices 10, and / or with the base station device 20. Sensing involves receiving radio waves transmitted to objects to be detected, such as people and obstacles, and analyzing changes in the frequency spectrum of the radio waves to detect the objects. Hereinafter, objects detected by sensing are referred to as "detection targets." Detection targets include people, animals, objects, and the like to be detected.

[0081] In this embodiment, a sensing channel and / or a sensing signal, which is defined separately from wireless communication, is used for the radio waves used to perform sensing. In this way, the communication channel / signal can be separated from the sensing channel / signal. Hereinafter, in this embodiment, a "sensing signal" is used to perform sensing. The sensing signal may be used interchangeably with the sensing channel.

[0082] As described below, in the case of self-sensing, the same device acts as a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver, with the sensing transmitter transmitting a sensing signal and the sensing receiver receiving the sensing signal. In the case of cooperative sensing, different devices, one of which acts as a sensing transmitter and the other as a sensing receiver, with the sensing transmitter transmitting a sensing signal and the sensing receiver receiving the sensing signal. In either case, sensing is performed by exchanging sensing signals.

[0083] 1.4.2. Sensing transmitter / sensing receiver For example, when sensing is performed between two terminal devices 10, one of the two terminal devices 10 transmits a sensing signal, and the other terminal device 10 receives the sensing signal. The sensing signal is reflected from the detection target, and its frequency spectrum changes due to the Doppler effect. The terminal device 10 that receives the sensing signal detects the detection target by analyzing the change in the frequency spectrum of the sensing signal. In addition, in the following, in order to distinguish among the multiple terminal devices, the first of the multiple terminal devices will be referred to as the "first terminal device 10", the second will be referred to as the "second terminal device 10", and the third will be referred to as the "third terminal device 10".

[0084] A device that transmits a sensing signal is called a sensing transmitter. The sensing transmitter may be either a terminal device 10 or a base station device 20. A device that receives a sensing signal is called a sensing receiver. The sensing receiver may be the terminal device 10, or in some cases, the base station device 20.

[0085] 1.4.3. Self-sensing When one terminal device 10 performs sensing, the terminal device 10 serves as both a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver. As shown in FIG. 9, the terminal device 10 serves as both a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver. In this case, the terminal device 10 serves as a sensing transmitter to transmit a sensing signal, and serves as a sensing receiver to receive a sensing signal reflected from a sensing target and / or a wall, etc. In this way, sensing performed by one device serving as both a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver is called "self-sensing". Self-sensing may be used interchangeably with monostatic-sensing and single-sensing.

[0086] 1.4.4. Cooperative Sensing For example, when two or more terminal devices 10 perform sensing, a first terminal device 10 plays the role of a sensing transmitter, and a second terminal device 10 plays the role of a sensing receiver. In this case, the first terminal device 10 transmits a sensing signal, and the second terminal device 10 receives the sensing signal. Sensing performed by multiple devices in this manner is referred to as "cooperative sensing." Cooperative sensing may be used interchangeably with group sensing, collaborative sensing, bistatic sensing, and multistatic sensing.

[0087] In the cooperative sensing, for example, the base station device 20 may act as a sensing transmitter, and the terminal device 10 may act as a sensing receiver. As shown in Fig. 10, the base station device 20 acts as a sensing transmitter, and the terminal device 10 acts as a sensing receiver. In this case, the base station device 20 transmits a sensing signal to a detection target, and the terminal device 10 receives the sensing signal.

[0088] In addition, in the cooperative sensing, for example, the first terminal device 10 may play the role of a sensing transmitter, and the second terminal device 10 and the third terminal device 10 may play the role of a sensing receiver. As shown in Fig. 11, the first terminal device 10 plays the role of a sensing transmitter, and the second terminal device 10 plays the role of a sensing receiver. In this case, the first terminal device 10 transmits a sensing signal to a detection target, and the second terminal device 10 receives the sensing signal.

[0089] The cooperative sensing may be performed by three or more devices. For example, two terminal devices 10 may act as sensing transmitters, and one terminal device 10 may act as a sensing receiver. In this case, the two terminal devices 10 as sensing transmitters transmit sensing signals, and the one terminal device 10 as a sensing receiver receives the sensing signal.

[0090] Also, one terminal device 10 may act as a sensing transmitter, and two terminal devices 10 may act as sensing receivers. In this case, one terminal device 10 as a sensing transmitter transmits a sensing signal, and two terminal devices 10 as sensing receivers receive the sensing signal. When three or more devices perform cooperative sensing, the ratio of the number of sensing transmitters to the number of sensing receivers may be N to M, where N and M are integers equal to or greater than 1.

[0091] 1.4.5. Sensing Initiator / Sensing Responder For example, the base station device 20 may request the terminal device 10 to perform sensing. In this case, the base station device 20 transmits a sensing request message to the terminal device 10, and the terminal device 10 transmits an ACK message to the base station device 20. Sensing is performed by the terminal device 10 and the base station device 20 through such a procedure. Also, a first terminal device 10 may request a second terminal device 10 to perform sensing. In this case, the first terminal device 10 transmits a sensing request message to the second terminal device 10, and the second terminal device 10 transmits an ACK message to the first terminal device 10. Sensing is performed by the first terminal device 10 and the second terminal device 10 through such a procedure.

[0092] A device that requests to perform sensing is referred to as a "sensing initiator." A device that performs sensing in response to a request from a sensing initiator is referred to as a "sensing responder." The term "sensing initiator" may be used interchangeably with the term "sensing requester."

[0093] The procedure for starting sensing, such as the sensing initiator transmitting a sensing request message and the sensing responder transmitting an ACK message, is referred to as a "sensing start procedure."

[0094] For example, the base station device 20 may act as a sensing initiator, and the terminal device 10 may act as a sensing responder. In this case, in response to a request from the base station 20, cooperative sensing may be performed with the base station device 20 acting as a sensing transmitter and the terminal device 10 acting as a sensing receiver. In addition, in response to a request from the base station 20, the base station device 10 may act as a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver to perform self-sensing.

[0095] Also, the base station device 20 may play a role as a sensing initiator, and the first terminal device 10 and the second terminal device 10 may play a role as a sensing responder. In this case, in response to a request from the base station 20, cooperative sensing may be performed with the base station device 20 as a sensing transmitter and the first terminal device 10 and the second transmitter 10 as sensing receivers. Also, in response to a request from the base station 20, cooperative sensing may be performed with the first terminal device 10 as a sensing transmitter and the second terminal device 10 as a sensing receiver.

[0096] Also, the first terminal device 10 may play a role as a sensing initiator, and the second terminal device may play a role as a sensing responder. In this case, in response to a request from the first terminal device 10, cooperative sensing may be performed with the first terminal device 10 as a sensing transmitter and the second terminal device 10 as a sensing receiver. In response to a request from the first terminal device 10, cooperative sensing may be performed with the second terminal device 10 as a sensing transmitter and the first terminal device 10 as a sensing receiver. Furthermore, in response to a request from the first terminal device 10, self-sensing may be performed with the second terminal device 10 as a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver.

[0097] 1.5. Transmitting Beam Antenna 1.5.1. Sharing of sensing beams and communication beams For example, when the terminal device 10 serves as a sensing transmitter, it forms a beam for transmitting a sensing signal. Also, when the terminal device 10 performs wireless communication, it forms a beam for transmitting a communication signal. Hereinafter, a beam used for wireless communication is referred to as a "communication beam", and a beam used for sensing is referred to as a "sensing beam".

[0098] The same beam may be used for both the sensing beam and the communication beam. For example, as shown in Fig. 12, some beams among the multiple beams may be used as the sensing beam, and other beams may be used as both the sensing beam and the communication beam. The sensing beam and the communication beam may be identified and switched using an antenna port and an index.

[0099] 1.5.2. Sharing of sensing antennas and communication antennas In addition, the same antenna may be used for transmitting the sensing signal and the communication signal. Hereinafter, a beam used for wireless communication is referred to as a "communication antenna," and a beam used for sensing is referred to as a "sensing antenna."

[0100] For example, multiple antenna panels may be used, in which case multiple beams can be transmitted simultaneously, for example, where any of the multiple antenna panels may be used as a sensing antenna and any other of the multiple antenna panels may be used as both a sensing antenna and a communication antenna.

[0101] As shown in Fig. 13, for example, a beam transmitted from an antenna panel AP1 installed on one side of the terminal device 10 may be used as both a sensing beam and a communication beam. Also, a beam transmitted from an antenna panel AP2 installed on the other side of the terminal device 10 may be used as both a sensing beam and a communication beam. With such a configuration, for example, a sensing beam is transmitted and received from the antenna panel AP1 and a communication beam is transmitted and received from the antenna panel AP2 at the same time, thereby making it possible to simultaneously transmit and receive a sensing beam and a communication beam. Also, a plurality of sensing beams can be transmitted and received at the same time by simultaneously transmitting and receiving a sensing beam from the antenna panel AP1 and a sensing beam from the antenna panel AP2.

[0102] 1.5.3. Separation of sensing beams from communication beams Different beams may be used for the sensing beam and the communication beam. For example, as shown in Fig. 14, some beams among the multiple beams may be used as sensing beams, and other beams may be used as communication beams. The sensing beam and the communication beam may be switched using an antenna port and an index.

[0103] By using different beams for the sensing beam and the communication beam, the sensing beam can be separated from the communication beam. The range for transmitting the communication signal in wireless communication and the range for transmitting the sensing signal in sensing can be different overall. In wireless communication, beam sweeping is used to increase the transmission range of the signal. For example, if the range for transmitting the sensing signal is narrower overall than the range for transmitting the communication signal, it is not necessary to perform beam sweeping as frequently to transmit the sensing signal compared to when transmitting the communication signal. By separating the sensing beam from the communication beam, such cases can be flexibly handled.

[0104] 1.5.4. Separation of sensing antennas from communication antennas Also, different antennas may be used for the antenna for transmitting the sensing signal and the antenna for transmitting the communication signal.

[0105] 15, for example, a beam transmitted from an antenna panel AP1 installed on one side of the terminal device 10 may be used as a sensing beam. Also, a beam transmitted from an antenna panel AP2 installed on one side of the terminal device 10 may be used as a communication beam. With such a configuration, for example, a sensing beam is simultaneously transmitted and received from the antenna panel AP1, and a communication beam is simultaneously transmitted and received from the antenna panel AP2, thereby making it possible to simultaneously transmit and receive a sensing beam and a communication beam.

[0106] As described above, the range in which a communication signal is transmitted in wireless communication and the range in which a sensing signal is transmitted in sensing may be generally different. When the range in which a communication signal is transmitted is generally wider than the range in which a sensing signal is transmitted, it may be preferable to configure only the communication antenna as a multidirectional antenna. By separating the sensing antenna from the communication antenna, such a case can be flexibly handled.

[0107] 1.6. Separation of Sensing Resources from Communication Resources The resources used to transmit sensing signals are separated from the resources used to transmit communication signals in the time domain / frequency domain / code domain. Hereinafter, the beam used for wireless communication is referred to as a "communication resource", and the beam used for sensing is referred to as a "sensing resource". By separating the sensing resources from the communication resources, at least the interference between the sensing signal and the communication signal can be avoided.

[0108] 1.6.1. Time Division Multiplexing The sensing resources may be separated from the communication resources in the time domain. As shown in FIG. 16, the time domain of the sensing resources and the time domain of the communication resources are alternately allocated at a certain period. In FIG. 16, the time domain of the sensing resources is represented by "S", and the time domain of the communication resources is represented by "C".

[0109] The time domain of the sensing resources may be, for example, a time interval of N slots, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The time domain of the communication resources may be, for example, a time interval of M slots, where M is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and N > M, N = M, or N < M. In this embodiment, the sensing resources and the communication resources are allocated in units of slots, but they may be allocated in units of frames, sub-frames, or other time units instead of slots.

[0110] When the sensing resources are separated from the communication resources in the time domain, the base station 20 may transmit information regarding the time domain of the sensing resources to the terminal device 10. The information regarding the time domain may be transmitted, for example, using an RRC message or a message of another layer such as a MAC CE.

[0111] The information on the time domain includes information for identifying the time domain of the sensing resource. For example, the information on the time domain may include an interval at which the time domain of the sensing resource is inserted into the communication resource. For example, if there are 20 slots in one frame and the time domain of the sensing resource is inserted every 3 slots in one frame, the interval at which the time domain of the sensing resource is inserted is 3 (slots). The interval at which the time domain of the sensing resource is inserted may be referred to as a "time domain period."

[0112] The information on the time domain may also include an offset. The offset is a time difference in slots from the start of a frame to the start of the time domain of the sensing resource. For example, if the time domain of the sensing resource starts two slots after the start of a frame, the offset is 2 (slots).

[0113] Furthermore, the information on the time domain may include the length of the time domain of the sensing resource. For example, if the time domain of the sensing resource is 5 slots, the length of the time domain of the sensing resource is 5 (slots). The length of the time domain of the sensing resource may be referred to as the "time domain length".

[0114] 1.6.2. Frequency Division Multiplexing The sensing resource may be separated from the communication resource in the frequency domain. As shown in Fig. 17, the frequency domain of the sensing resource and the frequency domain of the communication resource are alternately allocated for each subcarrier or block. In Fig. 17, the frequency domain of the sensing resource is represented by "S" and the frequency domain of the communication resource is represented by "C".

[0115] The frequency domain of the sensing resource may be a frequency band allocated to each subcarrier or block, and the frequency band is represented as FQ1. The frequency domain of the communication resource may be a frequency band allocated to each subcarrier or block, and the frequency band is represented as FQ2.

[0116] When the sensing resource is separated from the communication resource in the frequency domain, the base station 20 may transmit information regarding the frequency domain of the sensing resource to the terminal device 10. The information regarding the frequency domain may be transmitted using, for example, an RRC message or a message of another layer such as MAC CE.

[0117] The information on the frequency domain includes information for identifying the frequency domain of the sensing resource. For example, the information on the frequency domain may include an interval at which the frequency domain of the sensing resource is inserted into the communication resource. For example, when communication resources are assigned to three consecutive subcarriers out of four consecutive subcarriers and a sensing resource is assigned to one subcarrier, the interval at which the frequency domain of the sensing resource is inserted is four (subcarriers). The interval at which the frequency domain of the sensing resource is inserted may be referred to as a "frequency domain interval."

[0118] The information regarding the frequency domain may also include a frequency bandwidth used for the frequency domain of the sensing resource.

[0119] 1.6.3. Code division multiplexing The sensing resources may be separated from the communication resources in the code domain. As shown in Fig. 18, the code domain of the sensing resources and the code domain of the communication resources are alternately assigned by applying different codes to each subcarrier or block. The applied code may be, for example, a ZC sequence or a DFTS-OFDM sequence. In Fig. 18, the code domain of the sensing resources is represented by "S" and the code domain of the communication resources is represented by "C".

[0120] The code domain of the sensing resource may be an area where an orthogonal code or a non-orthogonal code is applied to each subcarrier or block, and the area where the code is applied is represented as CD1. The frequency domain of the communication resource may be an area where an orthogonal code or a non-orthogonal code is applied to each subcarrier or block, and the area where the code is applied is represented as CD2.

[0121] When the sensing resource is separated from the communication resource in the code domain, the base station 20 may transmit information about the code domain of the sensing resource to the terminal device 10. The information about the code domain may be transmitted using, for example, an RRC message or a message of another layer such as MAC CE.

[0122] The information on the code region includes information for identifying the code region of the sensing resource. For example, the information on the code region may include an interval at which the code region of the sensing resource is inserted with respect to the communication resource. For example, if a code for the communication resource is applied to three consecutive subcarriers out of four consecutive subcarriers and a code for the sensing resource is applied to one subcarrier, the interval at which the code region of the sensing resource is inserted is four (subcarriers). The interval at which the code region of the sensing resource is inserted may be referred to as a "code region interval."

[0123] Combinations The sensing resources may be separated from the communication resources in any combination of the time domain, the frequency domain, and the code domain. For example, the sensing resources may be separated from the communication resources in the frequency domain and / or the code domain within the same time domain. Also, the sensing resources may be separated from the communication resources in the time domain and / or the code domain within the same frequency domain. Furthermore, the sensing resources may be separated from the communication resources in the time domain and / or the frequency domain within the same code domain. The sensing resources are separated from the communication resources by any of the division multiplexing methods described above.

[0124] 1.7. Isolation of sensing resources from other devices In addition to or instead of the above-mentioned separation of sensing resources from communication resources, the sensing resources used for each sensing are separated in the time domain / frequency domain / code domain of the sensing resources. Such separation can avoid interference of sensing signals between devices.

[0125] 1.7.1. Frequency division multiplexing / code division multiplexing in the same time domain Within the time domain "S" of the sensing resources shown in FIG. 16, the sensing resources may be separated in the frequency domain and / or the code domain. As shown in FIG. 19, within the time domain indicated by slot 0, different frequency domains, different code domains, or a combination of different frequency domains and different code domains may be assigned. The same applies to the subsequent slots 1 and z. In this way, within the same time domain, the sensing resources are separated in the frequency domain and / or the code domain. Note that, although the time domain is in units of slots in this embodiment, frames, subframes, or other time units may be used instead of slots.

[0126] 1.7.2. Time division multiplexing / code division multiplexing within the same frequency range Within the frequency domain "S" of the sensing resources shown in Fig. 17, the sensing resources may be separated in the time domain and / or the code domain. As shown in Fig. 20, within the frequency domain representing a certain frequency band indicated by FQ0, different time domains, different code domains, or a combination of different time domains and different code domains may be assigned. The same applies to the subsequent FQ1 and FQz. In this way, within the same frequency domain, the sensing resources are separated in the time domain and / or the code domain.

[0127] 1.7.3. Time / Frequency Division Multiplexing within the Same Code Domain Within the code domain "S" of the sensing resources shown in Fig. 18, the sensing resources may be separated in the time domain and / or the frequency domain. As shown in Fig. 21, within the code domain indicated by CD0, different time domains, different frequency domains, or a combination of different time domains and different frequency domains may be assigned. The same applies to the subsequent CD1 and CDz. In this way, within the same code domain, the sensing resources are separated in the time domain and / or the frequency domain.

[0128] 1.7.4. Sensing ID Allocation In order to identify the resource, a sensing ID may be assigned to the resource allocated as described above. The sensing ID is assigned to each of the resources allocated in any combination of the time domain, the frequency domain, and the code domain.

[0129] For example, in the above-mentioned scheme, when the sensing resources are separated in the time domain and the frequency domain, the resources allocated for each sensing are resources allocated in a combination of different slots and different frequencies. In the above case, the sensing ID is assigned to each resource allocated in a combination of different slots and different frequencies.

[0130] The sensing ID is an identifier that can identify the allocated resource. For example, as shown in FIG. 22, a consecutive number is assigned to each resource allocated in a combination of different slots and different frequencies, and the sensing ID corresponds to the assigned consecutive number. Note that the sensing ID may be used interchangeably with the "resource ID" and the "sensing resource ID."

[0131] In any combination of the time domain, frequency domain, and code domain, a sensing ID capable of identifying a resource allocated for each sensing is assigned to the resource, thereby making it possible to identify the resource to be used for performing sensing. For example, as will be described later, when the base station 20 allocates sensing resources, the terminal device 10 can identify the resource to be used by notifying the terminal device 10 of the sensing ID.

[0132] In any of the above-mentioned methods, sensing is performed using the allocated sensing resource. In the sensing, the sensing transmitter transmits a sensing signal, and the sensing receiver receives the sensing signal.

[0133] In the procedure for allocating resources and the sensing initiation procedure, communication occurs between the terminal device 10 and the base station device 20, or between the terminal devices 10. The sensing initiation procedure may be executed using sensing resources.

[0134] As shown in Fig. 23, both the sensing initiation procedure and sensing may be performed within the time domain of the sensing resource. Also, a procedure for reporting a sensing result, which will be described later, may be performed within the time domain of the sensing resource. By using a sensing resource for the sensing initiation procedure, sensing can be more clearly separated from communication. Note that, although details will be described later, the procedure for allocating sensing resources is referred to as a "resource allocation procedure."

[0135] Also, as shown in Fig. 24, the sensing start procedure may be executed within the time domain of the communication resources. Also, the procedure of reporting the sensing result, which will be described later, may be executed within the time domain of the communication resources. In this case, since only sensing is executed using the sensing resources, the amount of the sensing resources allocated can be made smaller than that of the communication resources.

[0136] 1.8. Resource Allocation Procedure 1.8.1. Resource allocation by base station equipment As described above, the sensing resources are allocated, and the resource allocation procedure is performed in various ways. In the resource allocation procedure, the base station device 20 may allocate the sensing resources to the terminal device 10.

[0137] (1) Scheduling Request (SR) The base station device 20 may allocate sensing resources in response to a sensing resource allocation request from the terminal device 10. For this request, for example, an SR used for requesting radio resource allocation for the PUSCH may be used.

[0138] The base station device 20 allocates PUCCH resources for transmitting an SR to the terminal device 10. The base station device 20 transmits an RRC message including SR parameters to the terminal device 10. The SR parameters are included in a SchedulingRequestResourceConfig IE, which is an example of an RRC information element (IE).

[0139] The terminal device 10 transmits UCI including SR to the base station device 20 using the configured PUCCH resource. The terminal device 10 may transmit UCI on demand. The terminal device 10 may transmit UCI at a configured periodicity. For example, the terminal device 10 may transmit an SR set to "0" (negative SR) and / or an SR set to "1" (positive SR). The base station device 20 allocates sensing resources to the terminal device 10 according to the SR.

[0140] (2) Dynamic Grant (DG) DG is a scheduling method for allocating radio resources of PUSCH according to the procedure of uplink grant. Sensing resources may be allocated using this scheduling method. The base station device 20 transmits a grant to the terminal device 10 on the PDCCH. The terminal device 10 performs sensing according to the grant. For example, the base station device 20 may allocate sensing resources using a DCI format with a CRC scrambled by C-RNTI and / or MCS-C-RNTI (i.e., a DCI format used to allocate sensing resources), and the terminal device 10 may perform sensing using the allocated sensing resources. Here, a new data indicator (New Data Indicator) included in the DCI format to which the CRC scrambled by C-RNTI and / or MCS-C-RNTI is added may be set to 0 or 1.

[0141] Furthermore, the base station device 20 may allocate sensing resources using a DCI format with a CRC scrambled by the CS-RNTI (i.e., a DCI format used to allocate sensing resources), and the terminal device 10 may perform sensing using the allocated sensing resources. Here, a new data indicator included in the DCI format with a CRC scrambled by the CS-RNTI may be set to 1.

[0142] (3) Semi-Persistent Scheduling (SPS) SPS is a scheduling method for semi-persistently allocating radio resources of PUSCH using the above-mentioned DCI format. Sensing resources may be allocated using this scheduling method. "Semi-persistently" may be used interchangeably with "periodically." By this scheduling method, the terminal device 10 is allocated sensing resources at a set period.

[0143] (4) Configured Grant (CG) CG is a scheduling method for allocating radio resources of PUSCH without the above-mentioned dynamic grant procedure. Sensing resources may be allocated using this scheduling method. CG includes two types, type 1 and type 2, and sensing resources may be allocated in the same manner as CG type 1.

[0144] In a method similar to CG type 1, the base station device 20 transmits an RRC message including CG parameters to the terminal device 10. The CG parameters are included in a ConfiguredGrantConfig IE, which is an example of an RRC information element (IE). The ConfiguredGrantConfig IE includes information for specifying the time domain / frequency domain / code domain of the sensing resource, such as the interval at which the time domain of the sensing resource described above is inserted. The terminal device 10 performs sensing using the allocated sensing resource without being triggered by DCI.

[0145] Furthermore, the sensing resources may be allocated in a manner similar to that of CG type 2. In the manner similar to that of CG type 2, the base station device 20 transmits DCI scrambled with CS-RNTI to the terminal device 10. The CS-RNTI is used for activation of periodic transmission. In response to activation by the DCI scrambled with CS-RNTI, the terminal device 10 performs sensing using the allocated sensing resources.

[0146] In any of the above-mentioned methods, when the base station 20 allocates the sensing resource, it assigns a sensing ID. This sensing ID may be transmitted to the terminal device 10. The sensing ID may be transmitted, for example, by using an RRC message or a message of another layer such as MAC CE.

[0147] 1.8.2. Resource Determination by RNTI Instead of the above-mentioned resource allocation method, for example, the base station device 20 may allocate sensing resources in advance and associate the sensing ID for the allocated resources with the RNTI. Information associating the sensing ID with the RNTI may be transmitted to the terminal device 10 as, for example, broadcast information. In this way, the terminal device 10 can use the RNTI allocated to itself to identify the allocated sensing ID and then the allocated resource.

[0148] Also, for example, a predetermined calculation may be performed based on the RNTI, and the sensing ID may be calculated using a value calculated as a result of the calculation.

[0149] Furthermore, the sensing ID may be calculated as follows. Sensing ID = RNTI mod x, or Sensing ID = RNTI mod x + y x and y are predetermined integers.

[0150] 1.8.3. Terminal Device Selection Instead of the resource allocation method described above, for example, the base station device 20 may allocate sensing resources in advance and transmit a list including a plurality of sensing IDs corresponding to the allocated resources to the terminal device 10 as, for example, broadcast information. In this way, the terminal device 10 can secure sensing resources to be used by itself by selecting a sensing ID from this list.

[0151] 1.9. Sensing Procedure Through the resource allocation procedure described above, sensing resources are allocated and a sensing ID is assigned. After that, the base station device 20 and / or the terminal device 10 executes the sensing procedure. The sensing procedure includes the sensing start procedure described above, sensing, and, in the case of collaborative sensing, a procedure for reporting the sensing result. Hereinafter, the procedure for reporting the sensing result is referred to as the "reporting procedure."

[0152] 25 to 29, the processes executed by the terminal device 10 are executed by the control unit 110, and the transmission unit 121 and reception unit 122 of the communication unit 120. The processes executed by the base station device 20 are executed by the control unit 210, and the transmission unit 221 and reception unit 222 of the communication unit 220.

[0153] 1.9.1. Self-sensing (1) Self-sensing by terminal devices A procedure in which the terminal device 10 performs self-sensing will be described with reference to Fig. 25. It is assumed that a sensing ID is assigned to the terminal device 10 by a resource allocation procedure. It is also assumed that the terminal device 10 reports a sensing result to the base station 20.

[0154] In step S2501, the terminal device 10 performs self-sensing by transmitting a sensing signal using the allocated resource, receiving the sensing signal reflected from a detection target, and analyzing a change in the frequency spectrum of the received signal.

[0155] In step S2502, the terminal device 10 transmits the sensing result to the base station device 20. The sensing result may be transmitted using, for example, an RRC message or a message of another layer such as MAC CE. In this manner, the sensing procedure including the self-sensing is performed.

[0156] (2) Self-sensing in response to a request from a terminal device 26, a procedure in which a first terminal device 10 requests a second terminal device 10 to perform self-sensing and the second terminal device 10 performs self-sensing will be described. It is assumed that a sensing ID is assigned to the first terminal device 10 by a resource allocation procedure. It is also assumed that the second terminal device 10 reports a sensing result to the first terminal device 10.

[0157] In step S2601, the first terminal device 10, as a sensing initiator, transmits a sensing request message to the second terminal device 10. The sensing request message includes a sensing ID. The sensing request message may be transmitted, for example, via a PC5 interface.

[0158] In step S2602, the second terminal apparatus 10, as a sensing responder, transmits an ACK message to the first terminal apparatus 10. The ACK message may be transmitted, for example, via the PC5 interface.

[0159] In step S2603, the second terminal apparatus 10 identifies a corresponding sensing resource from the sensing ID included in the sensing request message, and executes self-sensing using the identified sensing resource.

[0160] In step S2604, the second terminal device 10 transmits the sensing result to the first terminal device 10. The sensing result may be transmitted, for example, via a PC5 interface. In this manner, the sensing procedure including self-sensing is performed.

[0161] 26, the first terminal device 10 serves as the sensing initiator, but the base station device 20 may serve as the sensing initiator. In this case, in response to a sensing request message from the base station device 20, the second terminal device 10 executes self-sensing.

[0162] 1.9.2. Cooperative Sensing (1) Cooperative sensing in which the sensing initiator acts as the sensing transmitter With reference to FIG. 27, a procedure will be described in which the first terminal device 10 requests the second terminal device 10 and the third terminal device 10 to perform cooperative sensing, and the first terminal device 10, the second terminal device 10, and the third terminal device 10 perform cooperative sensing. In the example shown in FIG. 27, the first terminal device 10 serves as a sensing transmitter, and the second terminal device 10 and the third terminal device 10 serve as sensing receivers. The first terminal device 10 is assigned a sensing ID by a resource allocation procedure. In addition, the second terminal device 10 and the third terminal device 10 report sensing results to the first terminal device 10.

[0163] In step S2701, the first terminal device 10, as a sensing initiator, transmits a sensing request message to the second terminal device 10. Similarly, in step 2702, the first terminal device 10, as a sensing initiator, transmits a sensing request message to the third terminal device 10. The sensing request message includes a sensing ID. The sensing request message may be transmitted, for example, via a PC5 interface.

[0164] In step S2703, the second terminal apparatus 10, as a sensing responder, transmits an ACK message to the first terminal apparatus 10. Similarly, in step 2704, the third terminal apparatus 10, as a sensing responder, transmits an ACK message to the first terminal apparatus 10. The ACK message may be transmitted, for example, via a PC5 interface.

[0165] In step S2705, the first terminal apparatus 10 and the second terminal apparatus 10 execute cooperative sensing. Similarly, in step 2706, the first terminal apparatus 10 and the third terminal apparatus 10 execute cooperative sensing. In cooperative sensing by the first terminal apparatus 10 and the second terminal apparatus 10, the first terminal apparatus 10 transmits a sensing signal using a sensing resource corresponding to a sensing ID. Also, the second terminal apparatus 10 identifies a sensing resource from the sensing ID included in the sensing request message, and receives a sensing signal using the identified sensing resource. The same is true for cooperative sensing by the first terminal apparatus 10 and the second terminal apparatus 10.

[0166] In step S2707, the second terminal device 10 transmits the sensing result to the first terminal device 10. Similarly, in step S2708, the third terminal device 10 transmits the sensing result to the first terminal device 10. The sensing result may be transmitted, for example, via a PC5 interface. In this manner, a sensing procedure including self-sensing is performed.

[0167] In the example shown in FIG. 27, the first terminal device 10 serves as a sensing initiator, but the base station device 20 may also serve as a sensing initiator. In this case, in response to a sensing request message from the base station device 20, the first terminal device 10, the second terminal device 10, and the third terminal device 10 execute cooperative sensing. The base station device 20 may also serve as a sensing transmitter. In this case, the base station device 20 transmits a sensing signal to the second terminal device 10 and the third terminal device 10, and the second terminal device 10 and the third terminal device 10 receive the sensing signal, thereby executing cooperative sensing.

[0168] (2) Cooperative sensing in which the sensing initiator acts as the sensing receiver With reference to FIG. 28, a procedure will be described in which the first terminal device 10 requests the second terminal device 10 and the third terminal device 10 to execute cooperative sensing, and the first terminal device 10, the second terminal device 10, and the third terminal device 10 execute cooperative sensing. In the example shown in FIG. 28, the first terminal device 10 and the second terminal device 10 serve as sensing receivers, and the third terminal device 10 serves as a sensing transmitter. The first terminal device 10 is assigned a sensing ID by a resource allocation procedure. In addition, the second terminal device 10 reports a sensing result to the first terminal device 10.

[0169] In step S2801, the first terminal device 10, as a sensing initiator, transmits a sensing request message to the second terminal device 10. Similarly, in step S2802, the first terminal device 10, as a sensing initiator, transmits a sensing request message to the third terminal device 10. The sensing request message includes a sensing ID. The sensing request message may be transmitted, for example, via a PC5 interface.

[0170] In step S2803, the second terminal apparatus 10, as a sensing responder, transmits an ACK message to the first terminal apparatus 10. Similarly, in step 2804, the third terminal apparatus 10, as a sensing responder, transmits an ACK message to the first terminal apparatus 10. The ACK message may be transmitted, for example, via a PC5 interface.

[0171] In step S2805, the first terminal apparatus 10 and the third terminal apparatus 10 execute cooperative sensing. Similarly, in step S2806, the second terminal apparatus 10 and the third terminal apparatus 10 execute cooperative sensing. In cooperative sensing by the first terminal apparatus 10 and the third terminal apparatus 10, the third terminal apparatus 10 identifies a sensing resource from a sensing ID included in the sensing request message, and transmits a sensing signal using the identified sensing resource. Also, the first terminal apparatus 10 receives a sensing signal using a sensing resource corresponding to the sensing ID. The same is true for cooperative sensing by the second terminal apparatus 10 and the third terminal apparatus 10.

[0172] In step S2807, the second terminal apparatus 10 transmits the sensing result to the first terminal apparatus 10. The sensing result may be transmitted, for example, via a PC5 interface. In this manner, the sensing procedure including the self-sensing is performed.

[0173] 28, the first terminal device 10 serves as a sensing initiator, but the base station device 20 may serve as the sensing initiator. In this case, in response to a sensing request message from the base station device 20, the first terminal device 10, the second terminal device 10, and the third terminal device 10 execute cooperative sensing.

[0174] The first embodiment has been described above. According to the first embodiment, since resources are allocated for each sensing in any combination of the time domain, the code domain, and the code domain, it is possible to prevent interference of sensing signals between devices. In addition, since the sensing resources are separated from the communication resources, it is possible to prevent interference between the sensing signals and the communication signals.

[0175] 2. Second embodiment 2.1. Insertion of blank intervals As described above, when sensing is performed, the sensing transmitter transmits a sensing signal, and the sensing receiver receives the sensing signal transmitted from the sensing transmitter. This means that when sensing is performed, it takes time from when the sensing transmitter transmits the sensing signal until the sensing signal reaches the sensing receiver. In the second embodiment, the sensing resource is allocated in the time domain of the sensing resource, taking into consideration the time until the sensing signal reaches the sensing receiver.

[0176] As shown in Fig. 29, in consideration of the time required for the sensing receiver to receive the sensing signal, the sensing resource to be allocated may be a time including not only the transmission interval for transmitting the sensing signal but also the reception interval in the time domain. The reception interval may be used interchangeably with the "non-transmission interval".

[0177] 2.2. Generation of signal waveform with blank intervals inserted For example, in the case where the sensing signal is transmitted by the DFTS-OFDM transmission method, the sensing signal including a transmission interval and a non-transmission interval may be generated as follows.

[0178] As shown in Fig. 30, first, for the sensing signal, a length corresponding to the sample length of X is assigned as the transmission interval in the time domain. Then, the length obtained by adding the non-transmission interval to the transmission interval is assigned as the DFT size. The non-transmission interval is an interval in which there is no signal.

[0179] Then, DFT and FFT are performed to add a CP. The CP may be added as a non-transmission interval. In the signal converted in this way, a length corresponding to the sample length of X is assigned as a transmission interval. Then, the length obtained by adding the non-transmission interval to the transmission interval is assigned as a symbol length or an FFT size.

[0180] In this way, sensing resources can be allocated in the time domain by taking into consideration the time it takes for a sensing signal to reach a sensing receiver.

[0181] Since the transmission interval is assigned according to the length corresponding to the sample length of X, the length of the transmission interval can be set appropriately according to the sample length. Also, the length of the transmission interval plus the non-transmission interval is assigned as the DFT size, and the FFT size is obtained by performing the FFT, so the length of the transmission interval plus the non-transmission interval can be set appropriately according to the FFT size.

[0182] Also, multiple transmission intervals may be allocated. For example, as shown in Fig. 31, a first transmission interval, a first non-transmission interval, a second transmission interval, and a second non-transmission interval may be allocated as the DFT size. In the example shown in Fig. 31, the first transmission interval and the second transmission interval correspond to a sample length of X / 2 of the sample length of X shown in Fig. 30. The first non-transmission interval and the second non-transmission interval correspond to 1 / 2 of the non-transmission interval shown in Fig. 30.

[0183] By allocating the transmission intervals and non-transmission intervals in this manner, when the DFT and FFT are performed and a CP is added, the first transmission interval, the first non-transmission interval, the second transmission interval, and the second non-transmission interval are allocated as the FFT size.

[0184] 30 and 31, when the terminal device 10 transmits a sensing signal, the process of generating a signal waveform is executed by the control unit 110, and the transmitting unit 121 and the receiving unit 122 of the communication unit 120 in the terminal device 10. Also, when the base station device 20 transmits a sensing signal, the process is executed by the control unit 210, and the transmitting unit 221 and the receiving unit 222 of the communication unit 220.

[0185] As described above, the second embodiment has been described. According to the second embodiment, in addition to the transmission duration, the non-transmission duration can be allocated in the time domain of the sensing resource, so that the resources for transmitting the sensing signal can be more appropriately allocated.

[0186] 3. Third embodiment In the first embodiment, an example has been described in which sensing resources are separated from communication resources in any combination of the time domain, the frequency domain, and the code domain. When separating sensing resources from communication resources, if more sensing resources are allocated, it is expected that the sensing accuracy will be higher but the communication speed will be lower. Conversely, if fewer sensing resources are allocated, it is expected that the communication speed will be higher but the sensing accuracy will be lower.

[0187] In the third embodiment, the ratio between the assigned communication resources and the assigned sensing resources is made variable. An example in which the ratio between the assigned communication resources and the assigned sensing resources is made variable will be described below, on the premise that the sensing resources are separated from the communication resources in the time domain.

[0188] For example, by reducing the value of the time domain period, which is the interval at which the time domain of the sensing resource is inserted into the communication resource described above, more sensing resources can be allocated in the time domain.

[0189] Fig. 32 shows an example in which there are 20 slots in one frame, and a one-slot-long time domain of sensing resources is inserted every four slots in one frame. In this case, the time domain period is 4. For example, by changing the value of the time domain period to 3, a one-slot-long time domain of sensing resources is inserted every three slots in one frame, as shown in Fig. 33, and more sensing resources are allocated.

[0190] Also, for example, by increasing the value of the time domain length, which is the length of the time domain of the sensing resource described above, more sensing resources can be allocated in the time domain.

[0191] As described above, the example shown in Fig. 32 shows that there are 20 slots in one frame, and a time domain of one slot length of the sensing resource is inserted every four slots in one frame. For example, by changing the value of the time domain length to 2, a time domain of two slots length of the sensing resource is inserted every four slots in one frame, as shown in Fig. 34, and more sensing resources are allocated.

[0192] As described above, in the time domain, the ratio between the assigned communication resources and the assigned sensing resources can be made variable by changing the time domain period and / or the time domain length. In the frequency domain, as described above, the ratio between the assigned communication resources and the assigned sensing resources can be made variable by changing the frequency domain interval, which is the interval at which the frequency domain of the sensing resources is inserted. In the code domain, as described above, the ratio between the assigned communication resources and the assigned sensing resources can be made variable by changing the code domain interval, which is the interval at which the code domain of the sensing resources is inserted.

[0193] The above-mentioned parameters may be changed by the base station device 20 in response to, for example, communication traffic, the priority between sensing and communication, and requests from the terminal device 10 or the number of requests. That is, the ratio of the allocated communication resources to the allocated sensing resources changes according to a predetermined condition. The changed parameters may be notified from the base station device 20 to the terminal device 10, from the terminal device 10 to the base station device 20, or between the terminal devices 10.

[0194] As described above, the third embodiment has been described. According to the third embodiment, it is possible to appropriately allocate communication resources and sensing resources depending on the status of communication traffic and the like.

[0195] 4. Fourth embodiment As described above, sensing is performed by transmitting a sensing signal to a detection target, receiving the sensing signal reflected from the detection target, and analyzing changes in the frequency spectrum of the received signal. For example, when detecting a moving detection target, the sensing is repeated multiple times and the beam of the sensing signal is changed for each sensing (beam sweep), thereby making it possible to detect the moving detection target with high accuracy.

[0196] In the fourth embodiment, sensing is repeated multiple times. In the following, an example of preventing interference of sensing signals between devices when sensing is performed multiple times will be described.

[0197] 4.1. Changes in beam, frequency and signal sequence For example, it is assumed that sensing is performed n times consecutively within a predetermined period. In this embodiment, in each of the sensing operations performed multiple times, the beam, frequency, and code / signal sequence are changed. Hereinafter, the code / signal sequence is collectively referred to as a "signal sequence."

[0198] Fig. 35 shows an example in which the beam and signal sequence are changed in each sensing operation when 16 consecutive sensing operations are performed. As shown in Fig. 35, the same beam is applied for two consecutive sensing operations out of the 16 sensing operations, and a different beam is applied for the next two sensing operations. In other words, the beam is changed every two sensing operations. Also, the same frequency is applied for all 16 sensing operations. Furthermore, a different signal sequence is applied for all 16 sensing operations. Note that different beams include beams with different directions, intensities, patterns, etc.

[0199] In the example shown in FIG. 35, sequence hopping is performed in which the signal sequence is changed randomly in all sensing. In the example shown in FIG. 35, the same frequency but different sequences are applied, the beam is changed every two times, and sensing is performed twice. In this way, the detection target can be detected more accurately using Doppler estimation. Note that changing the beam every two times is merely an example. For example, the beam may be changed every m times, which is equal to or greater than two times.

[0200] Fig. 36 shows an example in which the beam and frequency are changed in each sensing when sensing is performed 16 times in succession. As shown in Fig. 36, the beam is changed every other sensing out of the 16 sensings. Furthermore, the first frequency is applied in the first sensing out of two sensings, and the second frequency is applied in the second sensing, and this is repeated two times each. In other words, the first frequency and the second frequency are applied alternately in the two sensings. Furthermore, the same signal sequence is applied in all of the 16 sensings.

[0201] In the example shown in FIG. 36, the same signal sequence and different frequencies are applied, the beam is changed every two times, and sensing is performed twice. In this manner, the effect of frequency diversity can be obtained. Note that changing the beam every two times and alternately applying the first frequency and the second frequency is merely an example. For example, the beam may be changed every m times, which is two or more times, and the first frequency to the mth frequency may be alternately applied in m sensing operations.

[0202] Fig. 37 shows an example in which the beam, frequency, and signal sequence are changed in each sensing when sensing is performed 16 times in succession. As shown in Fig. 37, a different beam and a different signal sequence are applied in all 16 sensings. Also, a first frequency is applied in the first sensing, and a second frequency is applied in the second sensing, and this is repeated twice each. In other words, the first frequency and the second frequency are applied alternately in the two sensings.

[0203] In the example shown in FIG. 37, sequence hopping is performed to randomly change the signal sequence in all sensing. In the example shown in FIG. 37, different beams are applied in all sensing. In this manner, multiple beams can be supported. Note that alternately applying the first frequency and the second frequency is merely an example. For example, the first frequency to the mth frequency may be alternately applied in m sensings, where m is an integer equal to or greater than 2.

[0204] Changing the beam, frequency, and signal sequence in each sensing operation shown in Figures 35 to 37 is merely an example. In this embodiment, any one or a combination of the beam, frequency, and signal sequence is changed in each sensing operation. In this way, when sensing is performed multiple times, it is possible to prevent interference of sensing signals between devices and to improve the accuracy of sensing.

[0205] Resource Allocation The sensing resources used for sensing are allocated in the above-mentioned resource allocation procedure. That is, the sensing resources are allocated by the base station device 20, determined by the RNTI, or selected by the terminal device 10. In any case, when performing n sensing operations, the resource allocation procedure may be performed when performing each of the n sensing operations.

[0206] Furthermore, n sensing resources may be allocated by executing one resource allocation procedure. In this case, n sensing IDs are allocated by executing one resource allocation procedure. For example, when the terminal device 10 requests resource allocation from the base station device 20, it may notify the number of sensing operations to be performed. Hereinafter, the number of sensing operations to be performed is referred to as the "sensing count." The base station device 20 allocates sensing resources corresponding to the sensing count according to the notified sensing count, and assigns a corresponding sensing ID.

[0207] Furthermore, for example, in the method of calculating the sensing ID based on the RNTI described above, when the a-th sensing out of n sensing is performed, the sensing ID may be calculated as follows. Sensing ID = RNTI mod x + a x is a predetermined integer.

[0208] The assigned sensing IDs may be n independent sensing IDs. Alternatively, the assigned sensing IDs may be n related sensing IDs. In this case, for example, each of the n sensing IDs may have a sub-number different from a common number. The common number corresponds to the common sensing ID, and the sub-number corresponds to the sub-sensing ID.

[0209] 4.3. Notification in Cooperative Sensing When performing sensing multiple times in succession, in the cooperative sensing, for example, the sensing initiator needs to notify the sensing responder of information such as the number of sensing times. With reference to FIG. 38, a sensing procedure in which the first terminal device 10 and the second terminal device 10 perform cooperative sensing n times will be described. In the example shown in FIG. 38, the first terminal device 10 plays the role of a sensing transmitter, and the second terminal device 10 plays the role of a sensing receiver. Also, the first terminal device 10 plays the role of a sensing initiator, and the second terminal device 10 plays the role of a sensing responder.

[0210] In step S3801, the first terminal apparatus 10 executes a resource allocation procedure to allocate sensing resources corresponding to the number of sensing times n. By this procedure, n sensing IDs are allocated.

[0211] In step S3802, the first terminal device 10, as a sensing initiator, transmits a sensing request message to the second terminal device 10. The sensing request message includes a sensing ID. The sensing request message may be transmitted, for example, via a PC5 interface.

[0212] In step S3802, the first terminal apparatus 10 may notify the second terminal apparatus 10 of the sensing IDs corresponding to the n sensing operations collectively. Alternatively, in step S3805, the first terminal apparatus 10 may notify the second terminal apparatus 10 of the sensing ID for the subsequent sensing operation each time sensing is executed.

[0213] In step S3803, the second terminal apparatus 10, as a sensing responder, transmits an ACK message to the first terminal apparatus 10. The ACK message may be transmitted, for example, via the PC5 interface.

[0214] In step S3804, the first terminal apparatus 10 notifies the second terminal apparatus 10 of parameters related to sensing. Hereinafter, the parameters related to sensing are referred to as "sensing parameters." The sensing parameters may be transmitted, for example, via a PC5 interface.

[0215] The sensing parameters include the number of sensing operations. The sensing parameters also include patterns as shown in Fig. 35 to Fig. 37. A pattern indicates how to change any of the beam, frequency, and code / signal sequence in each of the n sensing operations. Hereinafter, such a pattern is referred to as a "sensing pattern."

[0216] In addition to the above, the sensing parameters may include the following information: A transmission period inserted in the sensing resource time domain -Transmission interval + non-transmission interval inserted in the sensing resource time domain -Frequency bandwidth applied in each sensing -Signal sequence number applied in each sensing

[0217] Information included in the sensing parameters such as the transmission section and frequency bandwidth described above needs to be notified in each sensing. In step S3803, the first terminal device 10 may notify the second terminal device 10 of information corresponding to n sensing operations collectively. Alternatively, in step S3805, the first terminal device 10 may notify the second terminal device 10 of information on the subsequent sensing operation each time sensing is performed.

[0218] In step S3805, the first terminal apparatus 10 and the second terminal apparatus 10 repeatedly perform collaborative sensing n times.

[0219] In step S3806, the second terminal apparatus 10 transmits the sensing result to the first terminal apparatus 10. The sensing result may be transmitted, for example, via a PC5 interface.

[0220] In step S3805, sensing results corresponding to n sensing operations may be transmitted collectively from the second terminal apparatus 10 to the first terminal apparatus 10. Alternatively, in step S3805, each time sensing is executed, a sensing ID for the subsequent sensing operation may be notified from the first terminal apparatus 10 to the second terminal apparatus 10.

[0221] In the procedure shown in Fig. 38, the resource allocation procedure, the notification of the resource ID, the notification of the sensing parameters, and the reporting procedure are executed collectively in response to n sensing operations. Alternatively, the above procedures may be executed individually each time sensing is executed.

[0222] Another sensing procedure in which a first terminal device 10 and a second terminal device 10 perform cooperative sensing n times will be described with reference to Fig. 39. In the example shown in Fig. 39, the first terminal device 10 serves as a sensing transmitter, and the second terminal device 10 serves as a sensing receiver. Also, the first terminal device 10 serves as a sensing initiator, and the second terminal device 10 serves as a sensing responder.

[0223] In step S3901, the first terminal apparatus 10, as a sensing initiator, transmits a sensing request message to the second terminal apparatus 10. In step S3902, the second terminal apparatus 10, as a sensing responder, transmits an ACK message to the first terminal apparatus 10.

[0224] In step S3903, the first terminal device 10 executes a resource allocation procedure to allocate resources for performing the a-th sensing among the n sensings, and allocates sensing resources for the a-th sensing. This procedure allocates a corresponding sensing ID.

[0225] In step S3904, the first terminal apparatus 10 notifies the second terminal apparatus 10 of a sensing ID to be used for the a-th sensing. The first terminal apparatus 10 also notifies the second terminal apparatus 10 of sensing parameters. The sensing parameters include any of a transmission interval, a transmission interval + non-transmission interval, a frequency bandwidth, and a signal sequence number to be applied in the a-th sensing.

[0226] In step S3905, the first terminal apparatus 10 and the second terminal apparatus 10 repeat performing the cooperative sensing n times. In step S3906, the second terminal apparatus 10 transmits the sensing result to the first terminal apparatus 10.

[0227] Steps S3903 to S3906 are repeated n times. In this manner, the resource allocation procedure, the notification of the resource ID, the notification of the sensing parameters, and the reporting procedure are executed individually in correspondence with the n sensing operations.

[0228] 39, after step S3906 is executed in the a-th sensing, steps S3903 to S3906 are executed in the subsequent a+1-th sensing. After step S3906, the first terminal apparatus 10 and the second terminal apparatus 10 may notify that a+1 sensing will be executed after the a-th sensing. Also, in the n-th sensing, which is the last of the n sensing, after step S3906, the first terminal apparatus 10 and the second terminal apparatus 10 may notify that sensing will end.

[0229] In the example shown in FIG. 39, the first terminal apparatus 10 and the second terminal apparatus 10 notify information on the subsequent sensing each time sensing is performed, instead of notifying the number of sensing operations at the beginning.

[0230] 38 and 39, the first terminal device 10 serves as a sensing transmitter and a sensing initiator, but the base station device 20 may serve as a sensing transmitter and a sensing initiator. In this case, in response to a sensing request message from the base station device 20, the base station device 20 and the first terminal device 10 and / or the second terminal device 10 execute cooperative sensing.

[0231] 38 and 39, the processing of the sensing procedure is executed by the control unit 110, and the transmission unit 121 and reception unit 122 of the communication unit 120 in the terminal device 10. In addition, when the base station device 20 executes coordinated sensing, the processing is executed by the control unit 210, and the transmission unit 221 and reception unit 222 of the communication unit 220.

[0232] 5. Modifications Although the embodiment for carrying out the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. It is naturally understood that the above embodiment is merely an example and various modifications are possible.

[0233] The words, phrases, and other expressions used in the above embodiments are merely examples and may be replaced with substantially identical or similar expressions. In particular, since the technology according to the above embodiment relates to technical specifications, the expressions in the above embodiments may be replaced with substantially identical or similar expressions in technical specifications (e.g., technical specifications cited in this specification).

[0234] The information transmitted and received in the above embodiment may be included and transmitted in the same or different message or the same or different element already described in the technical specifications, or may be included and transmitted and transmitted in a newly defined message or element. The information transmitted and received in the above embodiment may be transmitted and received using a layer and / or a different channel different from those in the above embodiment.

[0235] The means and / or functions provided by the devices described in the above embodiments can be provided by software recorded in a tangible memory device and a computer that executes the software, software alone, hardware alone, or a combination of these. For example, when any of the above devices is provided by an electronic circuit that is hardware, it can be provided by a digital circuit including a large number of logic circuits, or an analog circuit.

[0236] The device described in the above embodiment executes a program stored in a non-transitory tangible storage medium, and the program is executed to perform a method corresponding to the program.

[0237] 6. Additional Notes Some or all of the above-mentioned embodiments and modified examples may be described as follows, but are not limited to the contents of the following appendices. In the following, a relationship is expressed in which an appendix that is subordinate to multiple appendices is subordinate to an appendix that is subordinate to multiple appendices. All of the subordinate relationships of appendices expressed below are included in the above-mentioned embodiments.

[0238] (Appendix 1) A terminal device (10), comprising a control unit (110) and a communication unit (120); The control unit and the communication unit are configured to perform the sensing multiple times by exchanging sensing signals by applying any one of different beams, different frequencies, and different signal sequences in the multiple sensing operations. Terminal device.

[0239] (Appendix 2) The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the control unit and the communication unit are further configured to apply the same frequency and different beams in the multiple sensing operations.

[0240] (Appendix 3) The terminal device described in Appendix 2, wherein the control unit and the communication unit are further configured to apply a different beam every m sensing operations, where the multiple sensing operations correspond to n sensing operations, and n and m are integers greater than or equal to 2, and n>m.

[0241] (Appendix 4) The terminal device according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the control unit and the communication unit are further configured to apply a random signal sequence in the multiple sensing operations.

[0242] (Appendix 5) The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the control unit and the communication unit are further configured to apply different frequencies and different beams in the multiple sensing operations.

[0243] (Appendix 6) The terminal device of claim 5, wherein the multiple sensing corresponds to n sensings and is further configured to apply a different beam every m sensings, where n and m are integers greater than or equal to 2, and n>m.

[0244] (Appendix 7) The terminal device of claim 5 or 6, wherein the control unit and the communication unit correspond to n sensing operations and are further configured to alternately apply a first frequency to an mth frequency in m sensing operations, where n and m are integers greater than or equal to 2, and n>m.

[0245] (Appendix 8) 8. The terminal device according to claim 5, wherein the control unit and the communication unit are further configured to apply a same signal sequence in the multiple sensing operations.

[0246] (Appendix 9) The terminal device according to claim 5, wherein the control unit and the communication unit are further configured to apply a random signal sequence in the multiple sensing operations.

[0247] (Appendix 10) The control unit and the communication unit are further configured to perform the sensing by exchanging sensing signals using sensing resources allocated in each of the multiple sensing operations; An identifier is assigned to each of the allocated sensing resources. 10. A terminal device according to any one of appendix 1 to 9.

[0248] (Appendix 11) The terminal device of claim 10, wherein the communication unit is further configured to notify another device of the assigned identifier during each of the sensing operations.

[0249] (Appendix 12) 11. The terminal device of claim 10, wherein the communication unit is further configured to notify another device of the assigned identifier corresponding to the multiple sensing operations.

[0250] (Appendix 13) 13. The terminal device according to any one of appendixes 1 to 12, wherein the communication unit is further configured to notify another device of a number of sensing events corresponding to the plurality of sensing events.

[0251] (Appendix 14) 13. The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the communication unit is further configured to, in each of the sensing operations, notify another device that a subsequent sensing operation is to be performed.

[0252] (Appendix 15) 13. The terminal device according to any one of Supplementary claims 1 to 12, wherein the communication unit is further configured to notify another device that the multiple sensing operations have ended.

[0253] (Appendix 16) 16. The terminal device according to any one of Supplementary claims 1 to 15, wherein the communication unit is further configured to notify another device of sensing parameters corresponding to the multiple sensing operations.

[0254] (Appendix 17) 16. The terminal device according to any one of appendixes 1 to 15, wherein the communication unit is further configured to notify another device of sensing parameters in each of the sensing operations.

[0255] (Appendix 18) The sensing parameters are: a time period for transmitting the sensing signal in a time domain of a sensing resource allocated for the sensing signal; a period for transmitting the sensing signal and a period for receiving the sensing signal in a time domain of the assigned sensing resource; A frequency applied in each of the sensing operations; and A signal sequence number applied in each of the sensing operations; and 18. A terminal device according to claim 16 or 17, comprising any one of the following:

[0256] (Appendix 19) 19. The terminal device according to any one of Supplementary notes 1 to 18, wherein sensing resources are allocated to the sensing signal in any combination of a time domain, a frequency domain, and a code domain.

[0257] (Appendix 20) The terminal device of claim 19, wherein the sensing resources are separated from communication resources used for communication in any combination of a time domain, a frequency domain, and a code domain.

[0258] (Appendix 21) The terminal device according to claim 20, wherein a ratio of resource allocation between the sensing resource and the communication resource changes according to a predetermined condition.

[0259] (Appendix 22) 22. The terminal device according to any one of Additions 19 to 21, wherein the sensing resource is allocated, in a time domain, to a period for transmitting the sensing signal and a period for receiving the sensing signal.

[0260] (Appendix 23) The terminal device according to claim 22, wherein the sensing resource is allocated, in a time domain, to a plurality of intervals for transmitting the sensing signal and a plurality of intervals for receiving the sensing signal.

[0261] (Appendix 24) 24. The terminal device according to claim 22 or 23, wherein, when the sensing signal is transmitted using a DFTS-OFDM transmission method, a section for transmitting the sensing signal corresponds to a sample length.

[0262] (Appendix 25) 25. The terminal device according to any one of appendices 22 to 24, wherein the period for transmitting the sensing signal and the period for receiving the sensing signal correspond to an FFT size.

[0263] (Appendix 26) A base station device (20), comprising a control unit (210) and a communication unit (220), The control unit and the communication unit are configured to perform the sensing multiple times by exchanging sensing signals by applying any one of different beams, different frequencies, and different signal sequences in the multiple sensing operations. Base station equipment.

[0264] (Appendix 27) A method performed by a terminal device (10), comprising: performing the sensing a plurality of times by exchanging sensing signals by applying different beams, different frequencies, and different signal sequences in the plurality of sensing times; method.

[0265] (Appendix 28) A method performed by a base station device (20), comprising: performing the sensing a plurality of times by exchanging sensing signals by applying different beams, different frequencies, and different signal sequences in the plurality of sensing times; method.

[0266] (Appendix 29) When executed, the processor (101) in the terminal device (10) performing the sensing a plurality of times by exchanging sensing signals by applying any one of different beams, different frequencies, and different signal sequences in the plurality of sensing times; A program to execute.

[0267] (Appendix 30) When executed, the processor (201) in the base station device (20) performing the sensing a plurality of times by exchanging sensing signals by applying any one of different beams, different frequencies, and different signal sequences in the plurality of sensing times; A program to execute.

[0268] (Appendix 31) When executed, the processor (101) in the terminal device (10) performing the sensing a plurality of times by exchanging sensing signals by applying any one of different beams, different frequencies, and different signal sequences in the plurality of sensing times; A computer-readable non-transitory tangible recording medium storing a program for executing the above.

[0269] (Appendix 32) When executed, the processor (201) in the base station device (20) When executed, the processor (101) in the terminal device (10) performing the sensing a plurality of times by exchanging sensing signals by applying any one of different beams, different frequencies, and different signal sequences in the plurality of sensing times; A computer-readable non-transitory tangible recording medium storing a program for executing the above.

[0270] The disclosures of the above-mentioned prior art documents and references are incorporated herein by reference. [Explanation of symbols]

[0271] 10 terminal device, 101 processor, 102 memory, 104 wireless interface, 110 control unit, 120 communication unit, 20 base station device, 201 processor, 202 memory, 204 wireless interface, 210 control unit, 220 communication unit, 230 network communication unit

Claims

1. A terminal device (10), the terminal device including a control unit (110) and a communication unit (120), The control unit and the communication unit, In multiple sensing operations, by applying any one of different beams, different frequencies, and different signal sequences and exchanging sensing signals, the sensing is performed multiple times, In the multiple sensing operations, when applying the same beam, applying combinations of different frequencies and different signal sequences in the same beam, A terminal device configured as such.

2. The control unit and the communication unit are further configured to apply the same frequency and different beams in the multiple sensing operations, the terminal device according to Claim 1.

3. The control unit and the communication unit are further configured such that the multiple sensing operations correspond to n sensing operations, and different beams are applied every m sensing operations, where n and m are integers of 2 or more and n > m, the terminal device according to Claim 2.

4. The control unit and the communication unit are further configured to apply random signal sequences in the multiple sensing operations, the terminal device according to Claim 2.

5. The control unit and the communication unit are further configured to apply different frequencies and different beams in the multiple sensing operations, the terminal device according to Claim 1.

6. The multiple sensing operations correspond to n sensing operations, and different beams are applied every m sensing operations, where n and m are integers of 2 or more and n > m, the terminal device according to Claim 5.

7. The control unit and the communication unit correspond to n times of sensing, and are further configured to alternately apply the first frequency to the mth frequency in the m times of sensing, where n and m are integers of 2 or more, and n > m. The terminal device according to claim 5.

8. The control unit and the communication unit are further configured to apply the same signal sequence in the plurality of times of sensing. The terminal device according to claim 5.

9. The control unit and the communication unit are further configured to apply a random signal sequence in the plurality of times of sensing. The terminal device according to claim 5.

10. The control unit and the communication unit are further configured to perform the sensing by exchanging sensing signals using the sensing resources assigned in each of the plurality of times of sensing. An identifier is assigned to each of the assigned sensing resources. The terminal device according to claim 1.

11. The communication unit is further configured to notify another device of the assigned identifier in each of the sensing operations. The terminal device according to claim 10.

12. The communication unit is further configured to notify another device of the assigned identifier corresponding to the plurality of times of sensing. The terminal device according to claim 10.

13. The communication unit is further configured to notify another device of the number of sensing operations corresponding to the plurality of times of sensing. The terminal device according to claim 1.

14. The communication unit is further configured to notify another device that subsequent sensing will be performed in each of the sensing operations. The terminal device according to claim 1.

15. The terminal device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the communication unit is further configured to notify another device that the plurality of sensings have ended.

16. The terminal device according to claim 1, wherein the communication unit is further configured to notify another device of sensing parameters corresponding to the plurality of sensings.

17. The terminal device according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the communication unit is further configured to notify another device of sensing parameters in each of the sensings.

18. The sensing parameters are a section for transmitting the sensing signal in a time domain of a sensing resource assigned to the sensing signal, a section for transmitting the sensing signal and a section for receiving the sensing signal in a time domain of the assigned sensing resource, a frequency applied in each of the sensings, a signal sequence number applied in each of the sensings, The terminal device according to claim 16, including any one of the above.

19. A method executed by a terminal device (10), comprising: performing the sensing a plurality of times by applying any one of different beams, different frequencies, and different signal sequences and exchanging sensing signals in the plurality of sensings; when applying the same beam in the plurality of sensings, applying a combination of different frequencies and different signal sequences in the same beam; The method includes the above.

20. When executed, to a processor (101) in a terminal device (10), In multiple sensing operations, perform the sensing multiple times by applying any of different beams, different frequencies, and different signal sequences and exchanging sensing signals. In the multiple sensing operations, when applying the same beam, apply combinations of different frequencies and different signal sequences in the same beam. A program for causing the above to be executed.

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