System and method of determining incision depths in eyes

Abstract

To provide a system and method of determining incision depths in eyes.SOLUTION: The disclosure provides a system that is able to: determine first multiple focal point distances associated with respective multiple positions of a plane orthogonal to a laser beam; for respective positions of the multiple positions, determine second multiple focal point distances associated with the respective positions: determine multiple intensity values associated with respective multiple interim focal point distances, where each interim focal point distance is greater than each focal point distance of the first multiple focal point distances associated with the position; determine an interim focal point distance respectively associated with a maximum intensity value; and determine a focal point distance as the interim focal point distance; and determine a depth of at least one incision in an eye based at least on the difference between each of the second multiple focal point distances and respective one of the first multiple focal point distances.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1A

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to determining incision depth in an eye. [Background technology]

[0002] In the past, optical topography instruments have been available. These instruments utilized "white light" interferometry. For example, these instruments are utilized to measure changes in surface height (e.g., surface roughness). Interferometric optical profiling can use the wave properties of light to compare the optical path difference between a test surface and a reference surface. For example, a light beam can be split. Half of the beam of light can be reflected from the test material. The other half of the beam of light can be reflected from a reference mirror. Constructive and destructive interference can occur when two halves of a light beam are combined and each of the two halves is a different length. For example, interference fringes (e.g., bright and dark bands) can be created. A digital camera can receive the combination of the two halves. Constructive interference can be bright areas and destructive interference can be dark areas. For a known wavelength of light, the height difference across the surface can be determined in fractions of a wavelength of light. Based on the height difference, a measurement of the surface can be determined. For example, based on the height difference, a three-dimensional surface map can be determined.

[0003] Furthermore, in the past, conventional optical techniques that utilize one-photon absorption processes have only had limited application near the surface of biological materials (e.g., less than 100 micrometers (100 μm)) for high-resolution imaging. Penetrating deeper into biological materials causes light scattering, blurring the imaging. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0004] The present disclosure provides a medical system capable of generating a laser beam and determining a first plurality of focal lengths associated with a respective plurality of positions of a plane orthogonal to the laser beam. In one example, the laser beam may include photons associated with a plurality of frequencies. In another example, the plane may be associated with an X-axis and a Y-axis. The medical system may further determine a second plurality of focal lengths associated with a respective plurality of positions of the plane orthogonal to the laser beam.

[0005] To determine a second plurality of focal lengths associated with each of the plurality of locations in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam, the medical system can further include, for each of the plurality of locations, adjusting at least one mirror to direct the laser beam to the location, determining a plurality of intensity values ​​associated with each of the plurality of intermediate focal lengths, each intermediate focal length being greater than a respective focal length of the first plurality of focal lengths associated with the location of the plurality of locations, determining a maximum intensity value among the plurality of intensity values, determining an intermediate focal length among the plurality of intermediate focal lengths each associated with the maximum intensity value, and determining a focal length among the plurality of focal lengths as an intermediate focal length among the plurality of intermediate focal lengths each associated with the maximum intensity value. The medical system can further determine a depth of at least one incision in the patient's eye based on a difference between each of the at least second plurality of focal lengths and each one of the first plurality of focal lengths.

[0006] To determine a plurality of intensity values ​​associated with each of the plurality of intermediate focal lengths, each intermediate focal length being greater than a respective one of the first plurality of focal lengths associated with the location of the plurality of locations, the medical system may further include, for each intermediate focal length of the plurality of intermediate focal lengths, adjusting the beam expander to focus the laser beam at the intermediate focal length, receiving via the TPA detector at least a portion of the laser beam reflected from the incision in the patient's eye, and determining an intensity value of the plurality of intensity values ​​associated with the intermediate focal length from the at least a portion of the laser beam. The medical system may further determine a topography of the at least one incision in the patient's eye based on a difference between each of the at least second plurality of focal lengths and a respective one of the first plurality of focal lengths.

[0007] To generate the laser beam, the medical system can pulse the laser beam. For example, the medical system can pulse the laser beam with a femtosecond pulse duration. The medical system can include an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). For example, the medical system can further receive an analog signal from the TPA detector by the ADC from at least a portion of the laser beam to determine an intensity value of the plurality of intensity values ​​associated with the intermediate focal length, and convert the analog signal from the TPA detector by the ADC to an intensity value of the plurality of intensity values ​​associated with the intermediate focal length. In one example, the ADC can be configured to convert a current to a digital value. In another example, the ADC can be configured to convert a voltage to a digital value.

[0008] The present disclosure further includes a non-transitory computer readable memory device having instructions that, when executed by a processor of the medical system, cause the system to perform the steps above. The present disclosure further includes the medical system or non-transitory computer readable memory device described above having one or more of the following features, which may be used in combination with each other unless clearly mutually exclusive: i) generating a laser beam, ii) determining a first plurality of focal lengths associated with a respective plurality of positions in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam, iii) for each of the plurality of positions, determining a second plurality of focal lengths associated with each of the plurality of positions in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam, a) adjusting at least one mirror to direct the laser beam to the position, b) for each intermediate focal length of the plurality of intermediate focal lengths, determining a plurality of intensity values ​​associated with each of the plurality of intermediate focal lengths, each intermediate focal length being greater than each focal length of the first plurality of focal lengths associated with the position of the plurality of positions, 1) adjusting a beam expander to focus the laser beam to its intermediate focal length, 2) measuring at least one of the intensity values ​​of the laser beam reflected from the incision in the patient's eye via a TPA detector. 3) determining from at least a portion of the laser beam an intensity value among a plurality of intensity values ​​associated with an intermediate focal length; c) determining a maximum intensity value among the plurality of intensity values; d) determining intermediate focal lengths among the plurality of intermediate focal lengths each associated with a maximum intensity value; e) determining a focal length among the plurality of focal lengths as an intermediate focal length among the plurality of intermediate focal lengths each associated with a maximum intensity value; iv) determining a depth of at least one incision in the patient's eye based on a difference between each of the at least second plurality of focal lengths and a respective one of the first plurality of focal lengths; and v) determining a topography of at least one incision in the patient's eye based on a difference between each of the at least second plurality of focal lengths and a respective one of the first plurality of focal lengths.

[0009] Any of the above systems may be capable of performing any of the above methods, and any of the above non-transitory computer readable memory devices may be capable of causing a system to perform any of the above methods. Any of the above methods may be implemented on any of the above systems or using any of the above non-transitory computer readable memory devices.

[0010] It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory in nature and are intended to provide an understanding of the present disclosure without limiting the scope of the disclosure. In that regard, additional aspects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description.

[0011] For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure and its features and advantages, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are not to scale. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0012] [Figure 1A] FIG. 1A shows an example of an optical system. [Figure 1B] FIG. 1B shows another example of an optical system. [Figure 2A] FIG. 2A shows the surface of the cornea of ​​the eye. [Figure 2B] FIG. 2B shows the eye incision. [Figure 3A] FIG. 3A illustrates an example of a medical system. [Figure 3B] FIG. 3B shows an example of a biometric device. [Figure 4A] FIG. 4A illustrates a second example of a medical system. [Figure 4B] FIG. 4B illustrates a third example of a medical system. [Figure 4C] FIG. 4C shows an example of a microscope integrated display and several example surgical tool instruments. [Figure 4D] FIG. 4D illustrates another example of a medical system. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a computer system. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a method for operating the optical system. [Figure 7A] FIG. 7A illustrates an example of a method for determining the topography of a patient's eye. [Figure 7B] FIG. 7B illustrates an example of a method for determining a plurality of focal lengths associated with a plurality of respective positions in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam. [Figure 7C] FIG. 7C illustrates one example of a method for determining a plurality of intensity values ​​associated with each of a plurality of intermediate focal lengths. [Figure 7D] FIG. 7D illustrates an example of a method for determining the topography of a portion of a patient interface. [Figure 7E] FIG. 7E illustrates another example of a method for determining multiple focal lengths associated with multiple respective positions in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam. [Figure 7F] FIG. 7F illustrates another example of a method for determining a plurality of intensity values ​​associated with each of a plurality of intermediate focal lengths. [Figure 8A] FIG. 8A illustrates an example of a method for determining the depth of at least one incision. [Figure 8B] FIG. 8B illustrates an example of a method for determining multiple focal lengths associated with multiple respective positions in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam. [Figure 8C] FIG. 8C illustrates one example of a method for determining a plurality of intensity values ​​associated with each of a plurality of intermediate focal lengths. [Figure 9A] FIG. 9A shows an example of a plane and multiple positions of the plane. [Figure 9B] FIG. 9B shows an example of multiple positions of the plane that may be utilized on the patient's eye. [Fig. 9C-9D] 9C-9D show an example of multiple focal lengths of a laser beam. [Fig. 9E-9F] 9E-9F show an example of multiple focal lengths of a laser beam. [Figure 9G] FIG. 9G shows an example of multiple focal lengths of a laser beam. [Figure 9H] FIG. 9H illustrates an example of intermediate focal lengths of a laser beam associated with respective intensity values. [Fig. 9I-9J] 9I-9J show an example of intermediate focal lengths of a laser beam associated with respective intensity values. [Fig. 9K-9L] 9K-9L show an example of intermediate focal lengths of a laser beam associated with respective intensity values. [Figure 9M] FIG. 9M illustrates an example of intermediate focal lengths of a laser beam associated with respective intensity values. [Figure 9N] FIG. 9N shows an example of multiple focal lengths of a laser beam. [Fig. 9O-9P] 9O-9P show an example of multiple focal lengths of a laser beam. [Figure 9Q] FIG. 9Q shows an example of multiple focal lengths of a laser beam. [Figure 9R] FIG. 9R illustrates an example of intermediate focal lengths of a laser beam associated with respective intensity values. [Fig. 9S-9T] 9S-9T show an example of intermediate focal lengths of a laser beam associated with respective intensity values. [Fig. 9U-9V] 9U-9V show an example of multiple focal lengths of a laser beam. [Fig. 9W-9X] 9W-9X show an example of multiple focal lengths of a laser beam. [Figure 10A] FIG. 10A shows an example of multiple positions of a plane that may be utilized in a patient interface. [Figure 10B] FIG. 10B shows an example of multiple positions of the plane that may be utilized on the surface of the patient interface. [Fig. 10C-10D] 10C-10D show an example of multiple focal lengths of a laser beam. [Fig. 10E-10F] 10E-10F show an example of multiple focal lengths of a laser beam. [Figure 10G] FIG. 10G shows an example of multiple focal lengths of a laser beam. [Figure 10H]FIG. 10H illustrates an example of intermediate focal lengths of a laser beam associated with respective intensity values. [Fig. 10I-10J] 10I-10J show an example of intermediate focal lengths of a laser beam associated with respective intensity values. [Figure 10K] FIG. 10K illustrates an example of intermediate focal lengths of a laser beam associated with each of a plurality of intensity values. [Figure 10L] FIG. 10L shows an example of a patient interface at an angle to a plane. [Figure 10M] FIG. 10M shows an example of a patient interface at an angle to a plane. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0013] In the following description, details are set forth as examples to facilitate discussion of the disclosed subject matter, however, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the disclosed embodiments are examples and do not encompass all possible embodiments.

[0014] As used herein, a reference number refers to a class or type of entity, and any letters following such a reference number refer to a particular instance of a particular entity of that class or type. Thus, for example, a virtual entity referenced by "12A" may refer to a particular instance of a particular class / type, and the reference number "12" may refer generally to a collection of instances belonging to that particular class / type or to any one instance of that class / type.

[0015] A medical system may be utilized in performing a medical procedure on a patient. A medical system may include an optical system. For example, a medical system may include one or more optical systems, which may include an optical system. An optical system may include one or more optical devices. For example, an optical device may be or include a device that controls light (e.g., reflects light, refracts light, filters light, transmits light, polarizes light, etc.). An optical device may be made of any material that controls light as designed. For example, materials may include one or more of glasses, crystals, metals, and semiconductors, among others. Examples of optical devices may include one or more of lenses, mirrors, prisms, optical filters, wave guides, wave plates, beam expanders, beam collimators, beam splitters, gratings, and polarizers, among others.

[0016] The optical system can be utilized to determine a topography of at least a portion of the patient. For example, the optical system can be utilized to determine a topography of at least a portion of the patient's eye. The topography of at least a portion of the patient's eye can reveal one or more deformations of at least a portion of the patient's eye. The topography of at least a portion of the patient's eye can reveal damage to at least a portion of the patient's eye.

[0017] The optical system may include, among others, one or more of a laser and a two-photon absorption (TPA) detector. In one example, the laser may generate a laser beam that includes photons of multiple frequencies. In another example, the laser may generate a pulsed laser beam. The pulsed laser beam may include photons of multiple frequencies.

[0018] The optical system may be configured to vary a focal length of the laser beam. The TPA detector may determine an intensity of a reflection of at least a portion of the laser beam. In one example, the optical system may determine a plurality of focal lengths associated with each of the plurality of positions in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam. The optical system may determine a topography of the patient's eye based on at least the plurality of focal lengths associated with each of the plurality of positions. In another example, the optical system may determine a first plurality of focal lengths associated with each of the plurality of positions in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam. The optical system may determine a second plurality of focal lengths associated with each of the plurality of positions in the plane orthogonal to the laser beam. The optical system may determine a depth of at least one incision in the patient's eye based on a difference between at least each of the second plurality of focal lengths and each one of the first plurality of focal lengths.

[0019] The optical system may be utilized in correcting the incision depth based at least on the incision depth of the patient's eye. In one example, the optical system may be utilized to maintain the incision depth (e.g., without one or more deviations from the predetermined incision depth) while the incision is being made on the patient's eye. In a second example, the optical system may be utilized to maintain the incision contour (e.g., without one or more deviations from the predetermined incision depth) while the incision is being made on the patient's eye. In a third example, the optical system may be utilized to incise a flap on the patient's eye with little or no deviation from the predetermined incision depth. In another example, the optical system may be utilized to incise a corneal flap on the patient's eye with little or no deviation from the predetermined incision depth. As one example, the incision on the patient's eye may be performed with a WAVELIGHT® FS200 laser system available from Alcon Vision LLC. As another example, a surgical tool instrument (e.g., scalpel, blade, etc.) may be utilized in incising the patient's eye.

[0020] 1A and 1B, an example optical system is shown. The optical system 110 may be utilized to determine the surface of a patient's eye 116. For example, the optical system 110 may be utilized to determine the topography of the eye 116. The optical system 110 may be utilized to determine the depth of an incision in the eye 116. For example, the optical system 110 may be utilized to determine the topography of an incision in the eye 116.

[0021] The optical system 110 may be utilized in a medical procedure. For example, a medical system may include the optical system 110. The medical procedure may include an ophthalmic procedure on at least some portion of the eye 116. Although the optical system 110 may be utilized in a medical system, the optical system 110 may be utilized in any system.

[0022] The optical system 110 may include multiple optical devices. For example, the optical devices may be or include devices that control light (e.g., reflect light, refract light, filter light, transmit light, polarize light, etc.). The optical devices may be made of any material that controls light in a designed manner. For example, the materials may include one or more of glasses, crystals, metals, and semiconductors, among others. Examples of optical devices may include one or more of lenses, mirrors, prisms, optical filters, wave guides, wave plates, beam expanders, beam collimators, beam splitters, gratings, and polarizers, among others.

[0023] As shown, the optical system 110 may include a laser 120. The laser 120 may generate a laser beam. In one example, the laser 120 may be a device that generates a beam of coherent monochromatic light by stimulated emission of photons from excited atoms or molecules. In another example, the laser 120 may be a device that generates a laser beam that includes photons associated with multiple frequencies. The laser beam may have any suitable wavelength, such as a wavelength in the infrared (IR), visible range, or ultraviolet (UV) range, among others. The pulses of the laser beam may have pulse durations in any suitable range, such as a pulse duration in the microsecond, nanosecond, picosecond, femtosecond, or attosecond range, among others. The focus of the laser beam may be a focal point of the laser beam. As shown, the optical system may include a detector optics 122 and focusing optics 140. As shown, the detector optics 122 may include a polarizer 124, a lens 128, a two-photon absorption (TPA) detector 130, and a wave plate 134. Although lens 128 is shown as a single lens, lens 128 may be multiple lenses.

[0024] The polarizer 124 may be an optical filter that transmits light of a particular polarization direction while reflecting light of other polarization directions. The polarizer 124 may filter light of undefined or mixed polarization into light having a single linear polarization. In one example, the polarizer 124 may transmit at least a portion of the received laser beam from the laser 120 (which may have a first polarization) toward the wave plate 134. In another example, the polarizer 124 may reflect at least a portion of the received laser beam from the wave plate 134 (which may have a second polarization) toward the lens 128 and the TPA detector 130. The first polarization may be a linear polarization. The second polarization may be a linear polarization rotated by ninety degrees (90°). The lens 128 may focus the beam from the polarizer 124 to the TPA detector 130. For example, the TPA detector 130 may be located at the focal plane of the lens 128. The lens 128 may be an achromatic lens. For example, lens 128 may be configured to, among other things, limit the effects of one or more chromatic aberrations and / or one or more spherical aberrations.

[0025] The wave plate 134 may be an optical device that changes the polarization of light traveling through the wave plate. The wave plate 134 may be any suitable wave plate, such as a quarter wave plate, that converts linearly polarized light to circularly polarized light and vice versa, or may be a combination of a half wave plate (which may rotate linearly polarized light by forty-five degrees (45°)) and a forty-five degree (45°) Faraday rotator (also called a photodiode when used in combination with the polarizer 124). The wave plate 134 may be a quarter wave plate that may receive a laser beam having a first linear polarization from the polarizer 124. The wave plate 134 may convert the laser beam from the first linear polarization to a circular polarization. The wave plate 134 may direct the laser beam to the focusing optics 140. The wave plate 134 may receive at least a reflected portion of the laser beam from the focusing optics 140. The wave plate 134 can convert at least the reflected portion of the laser beam from the focusing optics 140 from a circular polarization to a second linear polarization that is rotated relative to the first linear polarization. The wave plate 134 can change the original linear polarization of the laser beam by ninety degrees (90°).

[0026] The wave plate 134 may include a combination of a half-wave plate and a Faraday rotator. The wave plate 134 may receive the laser beam having a first linear polarization from the polarizer 124. In this orientation, the half-wave plate and the Faraday rotator may compensate each other's rotation effect, so that the laser beam may rotate by zero degrees (0°). The wave plate 134 may then direct the laser beam to the focusing optics 140. The wave plate 134 may also receive at least a reflected portion of the laser beam reflected from the focusing optics 140. In this orientation, the half-wave plate and the Faraday rotator may add a rotation effect, so that the laser beam may rotate by ninety degrees (90°), which may be a second linear polarization rotated with respect to the first linear polarization. For example, a laser beam can pass through a waveplate 134 that can rotate the beam by zero degrees (0°) and can reflect back through a waveplate 134 that can rotate the beam by ninety degrees (90°), resulting in a change from the original linear polarization of the laser beam by ninety degrees (90°). The waveplate 134 can be reconfigured such that a laser beam can pass through the waveplate 134, can rotate the beam by ninety degrees (90°), and can reflect back through a waveplate 134 that can rotate the beam by zero degrees (0°).

[0027] Although not specifically shown, the optical system 110 need not include the wave plate 134. For example, the polarizer 124 can be replaced with a partially reflective mirror. Although not specifically shown, the detector optics 122 can be disposed between the beam expander 141 and the scanner 144.

[0028] As shown, focusing optics 140 may include a beam expander 141, a scanner 144, and an objective lens 148. The objective lens 148 may include multiple lenses. In one example, the objective lens 148 may be or include a compound lens. In another example, the objective lens 148 may be or include an F-theta lens. As shown, the beam expander 141 may include lenses 142A and 142B. Although the beam expander 141 is shown with two lenses, the beam expander 141 may include any number of lenses.

[0029] The direction of the laser beam as it approaches surface 112 may be parallel to the Z axis. Surface 112 may be parallel to the X axis and perpendicular to the Z axis. Although the Y axis is not specifically shown, the Y axis may be perpendicular to the X and Z axes. For example, the Y axis may be perpendicular to a plane that contains the X and Z axes.

[0030] The focusing optics 140 can direct and / or focus the laser beam to the eye 116. In one example, the focusing optics 140 can direct and / or focus the laser beam to the surface 210 of the eye 116, as shown in FIG. 2A. The surface 210 can be a surface of the cornea 220 of the eye 116. In another example, the focusing optics 140 can direct and / or focus the laser beam toward one or more incisions 230A-C, as shown in FIG. 2B. The focusing optics 140 can direct a focal point of the laser beam toward the eye 116 parallel to or along the Z-axis. The focusing optics 140 can receive at least a portion of the beam reflected by the surface 210. The focusing optics 140 can receive at least a portion of the beam reflected by the incision 230.

[0031] An optical device such as lens 142A and / or a mirror can control the Z position of the focal point of the laser beam. Another optical device such as lens 142B (e.g., in combination with lens 142A) can expand the diameter of the laser beam. In one example, beam expander 141 can be configured to control the focal point of the laser beam. In another example, the optics can be changed over time such that the Z position of the focal point changes.

[0032] The scanner 144 may include one or more optical devices capable of controlling the direction of the laser beam to control the XY position of the focal spot. To deflect the laser beam laterally, the scanner 144 may include a pair of galvanometrically driven scanner mirrors that can be tilted about mutually perpendicular axes. The scanner 144 may receive the laser beam from the beam expander 141. The scanner 144 may steer the laser beam to control the XY position of the focal spot. The objective lens 148 may receive the laser beam from the scanner 144. The objective lens 148 may direct the laser beam to the eye 116.

[0033] As shown in FIG. 1B, the patient interface 114 can stabilize the position of the surface 112 relative to the optical system 110. In one example, the surface 112 can be a pressure plane surface. Although the surface 112 is shown, the surface 112 may not be present. In another example, the patient interface 114 can be made of one or more rigid materials (e.g., plastic, glass, metal, etc.). The patient interface 114 can mold (e.g., flatten or otherwise deform) a surface of the eye 116. The patient interface can include a pressure plane. The "target side" surface of the patient interface 114 can be a surface of the interface 114 designed to face (and even contact) the eye 116. The patient interface 114 can be a disposable product. For example, the patient interface 114 can be utilized on the patient's eye and then discarded. The multiple patient interfaces 114 can be configured with a fixed length in the Z direction. The multiple patient interfaces 114 can have different respective lengths. A calibration of the Z position of the point relative to a particular patient interface 114 may be performed.

[0034] As shown, the optical system 110 may include a computer system 152. The computer system 152 may execute instructions in implementing at least a portion of one or more of the systems, one or more flowcharts, one or more processes, and / or one or more methods described herein. Although the optical system 110 is shown as including the computer system 152, the optical system 110 need not include the computer system 152. For example, the computer system 152 may be external to the optical system 110. The computer system 152 may be communicatively coupled to the optical system 110.

[0035] The focusing optics 140 can direct the laser beam to the eye 116. For example, the eye 116 can be positioned at the end of the patient interface 114. The surface 210 of the eye 116 can reflect at least a portion of the laser beam. The incision 230 can reflect at least a portion of the laser beam. The detector optics 122 can direct at least a portion of the laser beam to the TPA detector 130. For example, the TPA detector 130 can convert an intensity of at least a portion of the laser beam into digital data. The digital data can represent an intensity of at least a portion of the laser beam. The TPA detector 130 can provide the digital data to the computer system 152.

[0036] At least a portion of the laser beam can cause two-photon absorption that can excite electrons, which can generate a signal depending on the intensity of the incident radiation. The signal can indicate that the focal point of the laser beam is close to the surface 210 or the incision 230. In one example, the further the focal point is from the surface 210 or the incision 230, the lower the intensity of the beam at some of the TPA detectors 130. In a second example, the larger the diameter of at least a portion of the laser beam, the lower the intensity of the beam at some of the TPA detectors 130. In a third example, the closer the focal point is to the surface 210 or the incision 230, the higher the intensity of the beam at some of the TPA detectors 130. In a fourth example, the smaller the diameter of at least a portion of the laser beam, the higher the intensity of the beam at some of the TPA detectors 130. In another example, when the focal point is at the surface 210 or the incision 230, the diameter at the TPA detectors 130 can be smallest and the intensity can be largest.

[0037] As shown, computer system 152 may be communicatively coupled to TPA detector 130. As shown, computer system 152 may be communicatively coupled to laser 120. As shown, computer system 152 may be communicatively coupled to beam expander 141. As shown, computer system 152 may be communicatively coupled to scanner 144. In one example, computer system 152 may receive information from one or more of laser 120, TPA detector 130, beam expander 141, and scanner 144, among others. In another example, computer system 152 may provide information to one or more of laser 120, TPA detector 130, beam expander 141, and scanner 144, among others. Computer system 152 may provide control information to one or more of laser 120, TPA detector 130, beam expander 141, and scanner 144, among others.

[0038] The computer system 152 can determine the focus of the laser beam in response to the intensity measurements from the TPA detector 130. The computer system 152 can determine whether the intensity is at a maximum intensity. The maximum intensity can be the maximum value of the intensity that can be measured at different positions of the focus. The maximum intensity can be measured or calculated before the calibration session. If the intensity is at a maximum intensity, the computer system 152 can determine that the focus is at the surface 210 or the incision 230. If the intensity is not at a maximum intensity, the computer system 152 can adjust the focusing optics 140 to direct the focus to a different point on the Z-axis. The computer system 152 can generate a graph from the one or more TPA detector signals that can represent the intensity of at least a portion of the laser beam. For example, the one or more TPA detector signals can be or include data.

[0039] An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) can convert signals from TPA detector 130 associated with the multiple intensities into digital data representing the multiple measurements of the multiple intensities. For example, computer system 152 can utilize the digital data representing the multiple measurements of the multiple intensities. Computer system 152 can include an ADC. The ADC can be external to computer system 152. TPA detector 130 can include an ADC. For example, TPA detector 130 can provide digital data representing the multiple measurements of the multiple intensities.

[0040] 3A, an example of a medical system is shown. As shown, the medical system 310 may be utilized with a patient 320. As illustrated, the medical system 310 may include a computer system 312. The computer system 312 may be communicatively coupled to displays 316A and 316B. The computer system 312 may be communicatively coupled to a biometric device 314. In one example, the biometric device 314 may include one or more cameras. In another example, the biometric device 314 may include a three-dimensional scanner. The biometric device 314 may be utilized in biometric measurements of the eye 116 of the patient 320. As shown, the display 316A may display an image 330A associated with the eye 116 of the patient 320. As shown, the display 316B may display an image 330B associated with the eye 116 of the patient 320.

[0041] The computer system 312 can determine eye recognition information. For example, the eye recognition information can include biometric information associated with the eye 116 of the patient 320. The biometric information associated with the eye 116 can include one or more of the following, among others: a blood vessel pattern of the sclera of the eye 116, an iris structure of the eye 116, a position of the iris structure of the eye 116, a distance measurement from the cornea of ​​the eye 116 to the lens of the eye 116, a distance measurement from the lens of the eye 116 to the retina of the eye 116, a topography of the cornea of ​​the eye 116, a pattern of the retina of the eye 116, and a wavefront measurement.

[0042] As shown, display 316B may display display regions 336A-336D. In one example, display region 336 may display a distance measurement from the cornea of ​​eye 116 to the lens of eye 116, a distance measurement from the lens of eye 116 to the retina of eye 116, the location of structures in iris 334, corneal topography information, or wavefront measurement information, among other biometric information related to eye 116. In another example, display region 336 may display any information related to patient 320.

[0043] A person 350 may operate the medical system 310. For example, the person 350 may be a medical professional. The person 350 may input identifying information associated with a patient 320 into the computer system 312. The identifying information associated with the patient 320 may include, among others, one or more of the following: a name of the patient 320, an address of the patient 320, a telephone number of the patient 320, a government-issued identification number of the patient 320, a government-issued identification string of the patient 320, and a date of birth of the patient 320.

[0044] The person 350 may provide medical procedure information related to the patient 320 to the computer system 312. The medical procedure information may be associated with a medical procedure. The medical procedure information may be associated with identifying information related to the patient 320. The computer system 312 may store the medical procedure information. For example, the computer system 312 may store the medical procedure information for later use. The medical procedure information may be associated with a surgery. For example, the medical procedure information may be obtained before a surgery. The medical procedure information may be used during the medical procedure. For example, the medical procedure may include a surgery.

[0045] Now referring to FIG. 3B, an example of a biometric device is shown. As shown, the biometric device 314 may include image sensors 360A-360C. For example, the image sensor 360 may include a camera. The camera may include one or more digital image sensors. In one example, the digital image sensor may include a charge-coupled device (CCD). In another example, the digital image sensor may include a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS). The camera may convert light into digital data. The camera may utilize a Bayer filter mosaic. For example, the camera may utilize a Bayer filter mosaic in combination with an optical anti-aliasing filter. Combining the Bayer filter mosaic with the optical anti-aliasing filter may reduce aliasing due to reduced sampling of different primary color images. The camera may utilize demosaicing. For example, a demosaicing process may be utilized to interpolate color information to create a complete array of red, green, and blue (RGB) image data.

[0046] As shown, the biometric device 314 may include light projectors 362A-C. In one example, the light projector 362 may project visible light. In another example, the light projector 362 may project infrared light. The light projector 362 may project a circle and / or a point onto the patient's eye. The image sensor 360 may receive a reflection of the circle and / or point projected onto the patient's eye. The computer system may determine one or more locations and / or one or more templates associated with the patient's eye based at least on the reflection of the circle and / or point projected onto the patient's eye. As shown, the biometric device 314 may include depth sensors 364A-C. The depth sensor 364 may include the light projector 362. The depth sensor 364 may include an optical sensor. As shown, the biometric device 314 may include an optical low coherence reflectometer (OLCR) device 366. As shown, the biometric device 314 may include a wavefront device 368 .

[0047] The wavefront device 368 may include, among other things, one or more of a light source and a wavefront sensor. The light source may provide a first light wave to the eye 116. The wavefront sensor may receive a first perturbed light wave from the eye 116 based on at least the first light wave. In one example, the wavefront device 368 may determine a first optical correction based on at least the first perturbed light. In another example, a computer system may determine a first optical correction based on at least the first perturbed light. The wavefront device 368 may provide data to a computer system based on at least the first perturbed light wave. For example, a computer system may determine a first optical correction based on at least the data from the wavefront device 368.

[0048] Any two or more of the image sensor 360, the light projector 362, the depth sensor 364, the OLCR device 366, and the wavefront device 368 may be combined. In particular, one or more of the image sensors 360A-360C, one or more of the light projectors 362A-362C, one or more of the depth sensors 364A-364C, the OLCR device 366, and / or the wavefront device 368 may generate data usable by a computer system. As shown, the biometric device 314 may include the optical system 110.

[0049] 4A, a second example of a medical system is shown. As shown, a surgeon 410 may utilize a surgical tool instrument 420. In one example, the surgeon 410 may utilize the surgical tool instrument 420 in a procedure involving the eye 116 of a patient 320. The medical system 400A may include an ophthalmic surgical tool tracking system. As shown, the medical system 400A may include a computer system 430, a display 440, and a microscope integrated display (MID) 450.

[0050] The computer system 430 may receive image frames captured by one or more image sensors. For example, the computer system 430 may perform various image processing on the one or more image frames. The computer system 430 may perform image analysis on the one or more image frames to identify and / or extract one or more images of the surgical tool instrument 420 from the one or more image frames. The computer system 430 may generate a graphical user interface (GUI) on which the one or more image frames may be overlaid. For example, the GUI may include one or more indicators and / or one or more icons, among other things. The one or more indicators may include surgical data, such as one or more positions and / or one or more orientations. The one or more indicators may include one or more warnings. The GUI may be displayed to the surgeon 410 and / or other medical personnel by the display 440 and / or the MID 450.

[0051] The computer system 430, the display 440, and the MID 450 may be implemented in separate housings communicatively coupled to one another or in a common console or housing. A user interface may be associated with one or more of the computer system 430, the display 440, and the MID 450, among others. For example, the user interface may include one or more of a keyboard, a mouse, a joystick, a touch screen, an eye tracking device, a voice recognition device, a gesture control module, a dial, and / or a button, among other input devices. A user (e.g., the surgeon 410 and / or other medical personnel) may input desired commands and / or parameters via the user interface. For example, the user interface may be utilized in controlling one or more of the computer system 430, the display 440, and the MID 450, among others. As illustrated, the MID 450 may include the optical system 110.

[0052] Referring now to FIG. 4B, a third example of a medical system is shown. As shown, surgeon 410 can utilize system 400B. For example, surgeon 410 can utilize system 400B in a surgery involving patient 320's eye 116. System 400B can include a plurality of systems. As shown, system 400B can include an incision system 415A. For example, surgeon 410 can use system 415A when making an incision in eye 116. Eye 116 can include a flap within the cornea of patient 320's eye. As shown, system 400B can include a shaping system 415B. For example, surgeon 410 can utilize shaping system 415B when performing an excision of the inner portion of the cornea of eye 116.

[0053] As shown, system 415A can include a display 440A. As shown, system 415A can include a MID 450A. As shown, MID 450A can include eyepieces 452AA and 452AB. Eyepiece 452A can refer to either eyepiece 452AA or eyepiece 452BA. Eyepiece 452B can refer to either eyepiece 452AB or eyepiece 452BB. System 415A can particularly include one or more image sensors 360A - 360C, one or more projectors 362A - 362C, one or more depth sensors 364A - 364C, an OLCR device 366, a wavefront device 368, and / or an optical system 110A. As shown, system 415B can include a display 440B. As shown, system 415B can include a MID 450B. As shown, MID 450B can include eyepieces 452BA and 452BB. System 415B can particularly include one or more image sensors 360A - 360C, one or more projectors 362A - 362C, one or more depth sensors 364A - 364C, an OLCR device 366, and / or a wavefront device 368. As shown, system 415B can include an optical system 110B.

[0054] System 415A may include a laser, such as a femtosecond laser, that can use short laser pulses to separate a series of small portions of corneal tissue to form a flap that can be lifted to expose an inner portion of the cornea. The flap can be planned and cut using one or both of cutting device displays 440A and 450A in conjunction with a control device and computer system 430A. As shown, system 415A may include computer system 430A. For example, computer system 430A may be communicatively coupled to one or more image sensors 360A-360C, one or more light projectors 362A-362C, one or more depth sensors 364A-364C, OLCR device 366, wavefront device 368, and / or optical system 110A of system 415A, among others. As shown, system 415B may include computer system 430B. For example, computer system 430B may be communicatively coupled to one or more image sensors 360A-360C, one or more light spotters 362A-362C, one or more depth sensors 364A-364C, OLCR device 366, wavefront device 368, and / or optical system 110B of system 415B, in particular.

[0055] Systems 415A and 415B may be physically separated as shown in FIG. 4B. The patient 320 may move between systems 415A and 415B. Alternatively, the patient 320 may remain stationary and systems 415A and 415B may be moved towards the patient 320. Systems 415A and 415B may be physically combined into a single, integral device such that neither the device nor the patient 320 changes position when switching between systems 415A and 415B.

[0056] System 400B may include one or more control devices for controlling systems 415A and 415B. For example, the one or more control devices may include one or more of an interactive display, such as a touch screen display, a keyboard, a mouse, a touch pad, buttons, a joystick, foot pedals, a heads-up display, and virtual reality glasses, or other devices capable of interacting with a user, such as a medical professional.

[0057] System 400B may include at least one computer system configured to generate images presented on at least one of displays 440A, 450A, 440B, and 450B, among others. For example, the at least one computer system may include one or more of computer systems 430A and 430B. One or more of computer systems 430A and 430B may be communicatively coupled to a viewing device, such as a microscope, a camera, an optical coherence tomography (OCT) device, or a display, or another device capable of measuring the position of the eye during surgery. One or more of computer systems 430A and 430B may be communicatively coupled to one or more of control devices.

[0058] In one example, the incision device computer system 430A may i) be communicatively coupled to a viewing device that views the eye when the patient 320 is placed in the system 415A, ii) be communicatively coupled to one or more of the displays 440A and 450A for providing graphical information regarding the planned flap location and the planned excision area to one or more of the displays 440A and 450A, and iii) be communicatively coupled to one or more of the control devices of the system 415A. In a second example, the molding device computer 430B may i) be communicatively coupled to a viewing device that views the eye when the patient 320 is placed in the molding device, ii) be communicatively coupled to one or more of the displays 440B and 450B for providing graphical information regarding the planned flap location and the planned excision area to one or more of the displays 440B and 450B, and iii) be communicatively coupled to one or more of the control devices of the system 415B. In another example, the computer system may include the characteristics and / or attributes described above with respect to one or more of the computer systems 430A and 430B, among others.

[0059] The computer systems of system 400 may be communicatively coupled, wired or wirelessly, to other portions of system 400. One or more of the computer systems of system 400 may be communicatively coupled to databases stored locally on a remote computer system or a remote data center, or both, that store patient data, treatment plans, and / or other information related to treatment and / or system 400. In one example, the database may include a relational database. In a second example, the database may include a graph database. In another example, the database may include a "Not Only SQL" (NoSQL) database.

[0060] The system 400 may allow a user to input information about the patient 320 and treatments to be administered or that have actually been administered to the patient 320. The system 400 may allow a user to input and view information about the patient 320 and treatments to be administered to the patient 320. Such data may include, among other things, information about the patient 320, such as identification information, the patient's 320 medical history, and / or information about the eye 116 being treated. Such data may include, among other things, information about the treatment plan, such as the shape and location of the corneal incision and / or the shape and location of the ablation.

[0061] 4C, an example of a microscope integrated display and multiple examples of surgical tool instruments are shown. As shown, surgical tool instrument 420A may be or may include a scalpel. As shown, surgical tool instrument 420B may be or may include a Q-tip. As shown, surgical tool instrument 420C may be or may include tweezers. Other surgical tool instruments not specifically shown may be utilized with one or more of the systems, processes, and / or methods described herein.

[0062] As an example, the surgical tool instrument 420 may be marked with one or more patterns. The one or more patterns may be utilized in identifying the surgical tool instrument 420. The one or more patterns may include one or more of a hash pattern, a stripe pattern, and a fractal pattern, among others. As another example, the surgical tool instrument 420 may be marked with a dye and / or paint. The dye and / or paint may reflect one or more of visible light, infrared light, and ultraviolet light, among others. In one example, the illuminator 478 may provide ultraviolet light and the image sensor 472 may receive the ultraviolet light reflected from the surgical tool instrument 420. The computer system 430 may receive image data from the image sensor 472 based at least on the ultraviolet light reflected from the surgical tool instrument 420 and may utilize the image data based at least on the ultraviolet light reflected from the surgical tool instrument 420 to identify the surgical tool instrument 420 from other image data provided by the image sensor 472. In another example, the illuminator 478 may provide infrared light and the image sensor 472 may receive infrared light reflected from the surgical tool instrument 420. The computer system 430 may receive image data from the image sensor 472 based at least on the infrared light reflected from the surgical tool instrument 420 and may utilize the image data based at least on the infrared light reflected from the surgical tool instrument 420 to identify the surgical tool instrument 420 from other image data provided by the image sensor 472.

[0063] As shown, the MID 450 may include eyepieces 452A and 452B. As shown, the MID 450 may include displays 462A and 462B. The surgeon 410 may look through the eyepieces 452A and 452B. In one example, the display 462A may display one or more images through the eyepiece 452A. The left eye of the surgeon 410 may utilize the eyepiece 452A. In another example, the display 462B may display one or more images through the eyepiece 452B. The right eye of the surgeon 410 may utilize the eyepiece 452B. Although the MID 450 is shown with multiple displays, the MID 450 may include a single display 462. For example, the single display 462 may display one or more images through the one or more eyepieces 452A and 452B. The MID 450 may be implemented with one or more displays 462.

[0064] As shown, the MID 450 may include image sensors 472A and 472B. In one example, the image sensors 472A and 472B may capture images. In a second example, the image sensors 472A and 472B may include cameras. In another example, the image sensor 472 may capture images via one or more of visible light, infrared light, and ultraviolet light, among others. The one or more image sensors 472A and 472B may provide image data to the computer system 430. Although the MID 450 is shown with multiple image sensors, the MID 450 may include a single image sensor 472. The MID 450 may be implemented with one or more image sensors 472.

[0065] As shown, the MID 450 can include distance sensors 474A and 474. For example, the distance sensor 474 can determine a distance to the surgical tool instrument 420. The distance sensor 474 can determine a distance associated with the Z axis. Although the MID 450 is shown with multiple image sensors, the MID 450 can include a single distance sensor 474. In one example, the MID 450 can be implemented with one or more distance sensors 474. In another example, the MID 450 may not be implemented with a distance sensor.

[0066] As shown, the MID 450 may include lenses 476A and 476B. Although the MID 450 is shown with multiple lenses 476A and 476B, the MID 450 may include a single lens 476. The MID 450 may be implemented with one or more lenses 476. As shown, the MID 450 may include illuminators 478A and 478B. For example, the illuminator 478 may provide and / or generate one or more of visible light, infrared light, and ultraviolet light, among others. Although the MID 450 is shown with multiple illuminators, the MID 450 may include a single illuminator 478. The MID 450 may be implemented with one or more illuminators 478. The MID 450 may include one or more structures and / or one or more functions similar to those described with respect to the biometric device 314. In one example, the MID 450 may include an OLCR device 366. In another example, the MID 450 may include a wavefront device 368. The MID 450 may include a biometric device 314. The MID 450 may include an optical system 110.

[0067] 4D, another example of a medical system is shown. As shown, the medical system 400C may include a suction cone 480. For example, the suction cone 480 may be or include an applanation cone. As shown, the suction cone 480 may include an optical system 110. As shown, the computer system 430 may be coupled to a control device 482 of the suction cone 480. For example, the computer system 430 may control the suction cone 480 via the control device 482. The suction cone 480 may be docked with the suction ring 484 after the suction ring 484 is docked with the eye 116. As shown, the suction cone 480 may include a lens 486. Although the lens 486 is depicted as being flat or planar, the lens 486 may include a concave and / or convex shape. If the lens 486 is planar, the lens 486 may be referred to as a pressure plane. For example, the pressure plane may include the surface 112.

[0068] As shown, the medical system 400C may include a vacuum system 490. As shown, the vacuum system 490 may be communicatively coupled to a computer system 430. For example, the computer system 430 may control the vacuum system 490. The vacuum system 490 may generate one or more low pressures via one or more electrical leads 492 and 494. For example, the vacuum system 490 may generate one or more low pressures via electrical leads 494 to adhere and / or seal the suction ring 484 to the patient's eye 116. As shown, the medical system 400C may include electrical leads 492 and 494 and the suction ring 484.

[0069] 5, an example of a computer system is shown. As shown, computer system 500 may include a processor 510, a volatile memory medium 520, a non-volatile memory medium 530, and an input / output (I / O) device 540. As shown, volatile memory medium 520, non-volatile memory medium 530, and I / O device 540 may be communicatively coupled to processor 510.

[0070] The term "memory medium" may refer to "memory," "storage device," "memory device," "computer-readable medium," and / or "tangible computer-readable storage medium." For example, memory medium may include, without limitation, storage media such as direct access storage devices including hard disk drives, sequential access storage devices such as tape disk drives, compact disks (CDs), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), CD-ROMs, digital versatile disks (DVDs), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, non-transitory media, and / or combinations of one or more of the foregoing. As shown, non-volatile memory medium 530 may include processor instructions 532. Processor instructions 532 may be executed by processor 510. In one example, one or more portions of processor instructions 532 may be executed via non-volatile memory medium 530. In another example, one or more portions of processor instructions 532 may be executed via volatile memory medium 520. One or more portions of processor instructions 532 may be transferred to volatile memory medium 520.

[0071] The processor 510 may execute the processor instructions 532 in implementing at least a portion of one or more systems, one or more flowcharts, one or more processes, and / or one or more methods described herein. For example, the processor instructions 532 may be configured, coded, and / or encoded with instructions in accordance with at least a portion of one or more systems, one or more flowcharts, one or more methods, and / or one or more processes described herein. Although the processor 510 is illustrated as a single processor, the processor 510 may be or include multiple processors. In one example, the multiple processors may execute instructions of a single instruction set architecture (ISA). In another example, at least two of the multiple processors may execute instructions of different instruction set architectures (ISAs). As an example, at least one of the multiple processors may be or include a graphics processor unit (GPU). One or more of the storage medium and memory medium may be a software product, a program product, and / or an article of manufacture. For example, a software product, program product, and / or article of manufacture may be configured, coded, and / or encoded with instructions executable by a processor in accordance with at least a portion of one or more of the systems, one or more flowcharts, one or more methods, and / or one or more processes described herein.

[0072] The processor 510 may include any suitable system, device, or apparatus operable to interpret and execute program instructions stored in a memory medium and / or received over a network, process data, or both. The processor 510 may further include one or more microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors (DSPs), graphic processing units (GPUs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or other circuitry configured to interpret and execute program instructions, process data, or both.

[0073] I / O devices 540 may include any one or more features that permit, authorize, and / or enable a user to interact with computer system 500 and its associated components by facilitating input from and output to a user. Facilitating input from a user allows the user to operate and / or control computer system 500, and facilitating output to a user allows computer system 500 to display the effects of the user's operations and / or controls. For example, I / O devices 540 may enable a user to input data, instructions, or both into computer system 500 and otherwise operate and / or control computer system 500 and its associated components. I / O devices may include user interface devices such as a keyboard, mouse, touch screen, joystick, handheld lens, tool tracking device, coordinate input device, or any other I / O device suitable for use with the system.

[0074] The I / O device 540 may include, among other things, one or more buses, one or more serial devices, and / or one or more network interfaces that may facilitate and / or allow the processor 510 to perform at least a portion of one or more systems, processes, and / or methods described herein. In one example, the I / O device 540 may include a storage interface that may facilitate and / or allow the processor 510 to communicate with an external storage device. The storage interface may include, among other things, one or more of a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface, a SATA (Serial ATA) interface, a PATA (Parallel ATA) interface, and a Small Computer System Interface (SCSI). In a second example, the I / O device 540 may include a network interface that may facilitate and / or allow the processor 510 to communicate with a network. The I / O device 540 may include one or more of a wireless network interface and a wired network interface. In a third example, the I / O device 540 may include, among others, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) interface, a PCI Express (PCIe) interface, a Serial Peripheral Interconnect (SPI) interface, and an Inter-Integrated Circuit (IIC) interface. 2 C) interfaces. In a fourth example, the I / O device 540 may include circuitry that may allow the processor 510 to communicate data with one or more sensors. In a fifth example, the I / O device 540 may facilitate and / or allow the processor 510 to communicate data with one or more of the display 550 and the MID 560, among others. In another example, the I / O device 540 may facilitate and / or allow the processor 510 to communicate data with the imaging device 570. As shown, the I / O device 540 may be coupled to a network 580. For example, the I / O device 540 may include a network interface.

[0075] Network 580 may include, among other things, a wired network, a wireless network, an optical network, or a combination of the foregoing. Network 580 may include and / or be coupled to various types of communication networks. For example, network 580 may include and / or be coupled to a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), the Internet, a public switched telephone network (PSTN), a cellular telephone network, a satellite telephone network, or a combination of the foregoing, among other things. A WAN may include, among other things, a private WAN, a corporate WAN, a public WAN, or a combination of the foregoing.

[0076] The computer systems described herein may include one or more structures and / or one or more functions similar to those described with respect to computer system 500. In one example, computer system 152 may include one or more structures and / or one or more functions similar to those described with respect to computer system 500. In a second example, computer system 312 may include one or more structures and / or one or more functions similar to those described with respect to computer system 500. In a third example, computer system 430 may include one or more structures and / or one or more functions similar to those described with respect to computer system 500. In another example, computer system of MID 450 may include one or more structures and / or one or more functions similar to those described with respect to computer system 500. Although not specifically illustrated, any device and / or any system may be coupled to the processor of the computer system. For example, any device and / or any system may be communicatively coupled to the processor of the computer system.

[0077] 6, an example of a method of operating an optical system is shown. At 610, a laser beam may be generated. For example, laser 120 may generate the laser beam. Computer system 152 may provide control information to laser 120 indicating the generation of the laser beam. For example, laser 120 may receive the control information from computer system 152 and generate the laser beam according to the control information.

[0078] At 615, the laser beam may be directed to the test surface. For example, focusing optics 140 may direct the laser beam to surface 112. Focusing optics 140 may reflect a portion of the laser beam. The remainder of the laser beam may travel to surface 112. At 620, the reflected portion of the laser beam may be directed to TPA detector 130. For example, detector optics 122 may direct the reflected portion of the laser beam to TPA detector 130. The reflected portion of the laser beam may be reflected from surface 112.

[0079] At 625, an intensity of the reflected portion of the laser beam may be determined. For example, TPA detector 130 may determine the intensity of the reflected portion of the laser beam. TPA detector 130 may convert the intensity of the reflected portion of the laser beam into digital data indicative of the intensity of the reflected portion of the laser beam. TPA detector 130 may provide the digital data indicative of the intensity of the reflected portion of the laser beam to computer system 152. Computer system 152 may receive the digital data indicative of the intensity of the reflected portion of the laser beam.

[0080] At 630, it may be determined whether the intensity of the reflected portion of the laser beam is a maximum intensity. For example, the computer system 152 may determine whether the intensity of the reflected portion of the laser beam is a maximum intensity from the digital data indicative of the intensity of the reflected portion of the laser beam. Determining whether the intensity of the reflected portion of the laser beam is a maximum intensity may include comparing the intensity of the reflected portion of the laser beam to one or more other intensities of repetitive other reflected portions of the laser beam. For example, the computer system 152 may store and / or access the one or more other intensities via a memory medium.

[0081] If the signal is not at maximum intensity, then at 635, the focusing optics 140 may be adjusted. For example, the computer system 152 may adjust the focusing optics 140. The computer system 152 may provide control information to the focusing optics 140 indicating at least one adjustment value of the focusing optics 140. For example, the computer system 152 may provide control information to the beam expander 141 indicating at least one adjustment value of one or more lenses 142A and 142B. By adjusting the focusing optics 140, the focal point of the laser beam may be directed to a different position relative to the Z axis. For example, by adjusting the focusing optics 140, the focal point of the laser beam may be directed toward or away from the surface 112. The method may proceed to 610.

[0082] If the signal is maximum, then at 640, it may be determined that the focal point is at surface 112. For example, computer system 152 may determine that the focal point is at surface 112. Interpolation may be used to refine the location of surface 112. At 645, results may be provided. For example, computer system 152 may provide the results. Providing the results may include one or more of displaying the results via a display, printing the results via a printer, storing the results in a memory medium, and transmitting the results to a communications network, among others.

[0083]

[0023] Referring now to Figure 7A, an example of a method for determining the topography of a patient's eye is shown. At 702, a laser beam may be generated. For example, the laser 120 may generate the laser beam. Generating the laser beam may include pulsing the laser beam. Pulsing the laser beam may include pulsing the laser beam with a femtosecond pulse duration. The laser beam may include photons associated with multiple frequencies.

[0084] At 704, a plurality of focal lengths associated with a respective plurality of positions of a plane orthogonal to the laser beam may be determined. In one example, as shown in FIG. 9A, a plurality of positions 910A-910M of a plane 900 orthogonal to the laser beam may be associated with a plurality of focal lengths. Although only 14 positions are shown in FIG. 9A, any number of positions may be utilized. Furthermore, the positions may be any location. As shown, the plane 900 may be associated with an X-axis and a Y-axis. In a second example, as shown in FIG. 9B, a plurality of positions 910A-910M of a plane 900 may be utilized at the eye 116. Although only 14 positions are shown in FIG. 9B, any number of positions may be utilized. Furthermore, the positions may be any location. In another example, a plurality of focal lengths 920A-920E of a laser beam 915, shown in FIGS. 9C-9G, respectively, associated with a respective plurality of positions 910E-910I of the plane 900 may be determined. The focal lengths associated with each of the positions in the plane orthogonal to the laser beam can be determined via the method shown in FIG. 7B.

[0085] At 706, a topography of the patient's eye can be determined based on at least a plurality of focal lengths associated with each of the plurality of locations. For example, a topography of the eye 116 of the patient 320 can be determined based on at least a plurality of focal lengths associated with each of the plurality of locations.

[0086] At 708, the patient's eye topography may be displayed. In one example, the patient's eye topography may be displayed via a display. In another example, the patient's eye topography may be displayed via a printer. The printer may print the eye topography onto a sheet of paper.

[0087] 7B, an example of a method for determining a plurality of focal lengths associated with a respective plurality of positions in a plane orthogonal to a laser beam is shown. The method shown in FIG. 7B may be performed for each of a plurality of positions in a plane orthogonal to a laser beam. For example, the method shown in FIG. 7B may be performed for each of positions 910A-910M in plane 900.

[0088] At 710, at least one mirror can be adjusted to direct the laser beam to one of a plurality of positions in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam. For example, at least one mirror can be adjusted to direct the laser beam to position 910E of positions 910A-910M in plane 900. Scanner 144 can include one or more mirrors. For example, scanner 144 can direct the laser beam to one of a plurality of positions in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam. Scanner 144 can adjust at least one mirror to direct the laser beam to one of a plurality of positions in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam.

[0089] At 712, a plurality of intensity values ​​associated with each intermediate focal length may be determined. In one example, a plurality of intensity values ​​associated with each intermediate focal length 930A-930D of the laser beam 915 may be determined, as shown in Figures 9H-9K, respectively. The intermediate focal length 930D ​​of the laser beam 915, as shown in Figure 9K, may be at the surface 210 of the eye 116. In another example, a plurality of intensity values ​​associated with each intermediate focal length 930A-930C and 930E of the laser beam 915 may be determined, as shown in Figures 9H-9J, 9L, and 9M, respectively. The intermediate focal length 930F of the laser beam 915, as shown in Figure 9M, may be at the incision 230 of the eye 116. The plurality of intensity values ​​associated with each intermediate focal length may be determined via the method shown in Figure 7C.

[0090] At 714, a maximum intensity value of the plurality of intensity values ​​may be determined. In one example, computer system 152 may determine the maximum intensity value of the plurality of intensity values. In another example, computer system 430 may determine the maximum intensity value of the plurality of intensity values. If a maximum intensity value associated with intermediate focal length 930D ​​is determined, another maximum intensity value of the plurality of intensity values ​​may be determined. For example, another maximum intensity value of the plurality of intensity values ​​may be associated with intermediate focal length 930F.

[0091] At 716, an intermediate focal length of a plurality of intermediate focal lengths each associated with a maximum intensity value may be determined. In one example, an intermediate focal length 930D ​​of intermediate focal lengths 930A-930D may be determined. In another example, an intermediate focal length 930F of intermediate focal lengths 930A-930C, 930E, 930F may be determined. If intermediate focal length 930D ​​is determined, intermediate focal length 930F may be determined. For example, optical system 110 may utilize an additional intermediate focal length 930 greater than intermediate focal length 930D ​​in determining another maximum intensity value associated with intermediate focal length 930F.

[0092] At 718, a focal length of the plurality of focal lengths may be determined as an intermediate focal length of a plurality of intermediate focal lengths each associated with a maximum intensity value. In one example, a focal length of the plurality of focal lengths may be determined as intermediate focal length 930D ​​of intermediate focal lengths 930A-930D each associated with a maximum intensity value. In another example, a focal length of the plurality of focal lengths may be determined as intermediate focal length 930F of intermediate focal lengths 930A-930C, 930E, and 930F each associated with a maximum intensity value.

[0093] 7C, an example of a method for determining a plurality of intensity values ​​associated with each of a plurality of intermediate focal lengths is shown. The method shown in FIG. 7C may be performed for each intermediate focal length of the plurality of intermediate focal lengths. For example, the method shown in FIG. 7C may be performed for each intermediate focal length of intermediate focal lengths 930A-930F.

[0094] At 720, the beam expander may be adjusted to focus the laser beam at its intermediate focal length. For example, the beam expander 141 may be adjusted to focus the laser beam at intermediate focal length 930. Adjusting the beam expander 141 to focus the laser beam at intermediate focal length 930 may include adjusting one or more lenses of the beam expander 141. For example, one or more of the lenses 142A and 142B may be adjusted to focus the laser beam at intermediate focal length 930.

[0095] At least a portion of the laser beam reflected from the surface of the patient's eye may be received via the TPA at 722. For example, the TPA detector 130 may receive at least a portion of the laser beam reflected from the surface 210 of the eye 116 of the patient 320.

[0096] At 724, an intensity value of a plurality of intensity values ​​associated with intermediate focal lengths can be determined from at least a portion of the laser beam. For example, an intensity value associated with intermediate focal length 930 can be determined. The intensity value associated with intermediate focal length 930D ​​can be the maximum intensity value. The intensity value associated with intermediate focal length 930F can be the maximum intensity value.

[0097] Determining an intensity value of the plurality of intensity values ​​associated with the intermediate focal length from at least a portion of the laser beam may include ADC reception of an analog signal from the TPA detector. Determining an intensity value of the plurality of intensity values ​​associated with the intermediate focal length from at least a portion of the laser beam may include ADC conversion of an analog signal from the TPA detector to an intensity value of the plurality of intensity values ​​associated with the intermediate focal length. In one example, the ADC can convert a current to a digital value. In another example, the ADC can convert a voltage to a digital value.

[0098] At 726, an intensity value of the plurality of intensity values ​​associated with an intermediate focal length may be stored via a memory medium. For example, an intensity value associated with the intermediate focal length and the intermediate focal length may be stored via a memory medium. The intermediate focal length may be accessed and / or retrieved from the memory medium via the intensity value associated with the intermediate focal length. For example, the focal length may be accessed and / or retrieved from the memory medium via the maximum intensity value.

[0099] Storing the intensity value associated with the intermediate focal length and the intermediate focal length via the storage medium may include storing the intensity value associated with the intermediate focal length and the intermediate focal length via a database. The intermediate focal length may be accessed and / or obtained from the database via the intensity value associated with the intermediate focal length. For example, the focal length may be accessed and / or obtained from the database via the maximum intensity value. The database may be stored locally, via a remote computer system, or via a remote data center. In one example, the database may include a relational database. In a second example, the database may include a graph database. In a third example, the database may include an associative array. In another example, the database may include a NoSQL database.

[0100] 7D, an example of a method for determining the topography of a portion of a patient interface is shown. At 730, a laser beam may be generated. For example, the laser 120 may generate the laser beam. Generating the laser beam may include pulsing the laser beam. Pulsing the laser beam may include pulsing the laser beam with a femtosecond pulse duration. The laser beam may include photons associated with multiple frequencies.

[0101] At 732, a plurality of focal lengths associated with a respective plurality of positions of a plane orthogonal to the laser beam may be determined. In one example, as shown in FIG. 9A, a plurality of positions 910A-910M of a plane 900 orthogonal to the laser beam may be associated with a plurality of focal lengths. Although only 14 positions are shown in FIG. 9A, any number of positions may be utilized. Furthermore, the positions may be any location. As shown, the plane 900 may be associated with an X-axis and a Y-axis. In a second example, as shown in FIG. 10A, a plurality of positions 910A-910M of a plane 900 may be utilized on a patient interface 114. Although only 14 positions are shown in FIG. 10A, any number of positions may be utilized. Furthermore, the positions may be any location. In another example, as shown in FIG. 10B, a plurality of positions 910A-910M of a plane 900 may be utilized on a surface 1005 of a patient interface 114. Although only 14 positions are shown in FIG. 10B, any number of positions may be utilized. Furthermore, the location may be anywhere.

[0102] At 734, a topography of the surface of the patient interface can be determined based on at least a plurality of focal lengths associated with each of the plurality of locations. For example, a topography of the surface 1005 of the patient interface 114 can be determined based on at least a plurality of focal lengths associated with each of the plurality of locations. The surface 1005 can be the surface 1012, as shown in Figures 10E-10G. As an example, a plurality of focal lengths 1020A-1020E (shown in Figures 10C-10G, respectively) can be associated with each of the plurality of locations 910E-910I.

[0103] At 736, a topography of the surface of the patient interface may be stored. For example, the topography of the surface of the patient interface may be stored via a storage medium. Storing the topography of the surface of the patient interface via a memory medium may include storing the topography of the surface of the patient interface via a database. The topography of the surface of the patient interface may be accessed and / or retrieved from the database. The database may be stored locally, via a remote computer system, or via a remote data center. In one example, the database may include a relational database. In a second example, the database may include a graph database. In a third example, the database may include an associative array. In another example, the database may include a NoSQL database.

[0104]

[0046] Referring now to Figure 7E, another example of a method for determining a plurality of focal lengths associated with a respective plurality of positions in a plane orthogonal to a laser beam is shown. The method shown in Figure 7E may be performed for each of a plurality of positions in a plane orthogonal to a laser beam. For example, the method shown in Figure 7E may be performed for each of positions 910A-910M of plane 900.

[0105] At 738, at least one mirror can be adjusted to direct the laser beam to one of a plurality of positions in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam. For example, at least one mirror can be adjusted to direct the laser beam to position 910E of positions 910A-910M in plane 900. Scanner 144 can include one or more mirrors. For example, scanner 144 can direct the laser beam to one of a plurality of positions in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam. Scanner 144 can adjust at least one mirror to direct the laser beam to one of a plurality of positions in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam.

[0106] At 740, a plurality of intensity values ​​associated with each intermediate focal length may be determined. For example, a plurality of intensity values ​​associated with each intermediate focal length 1030A-1030D of the laser beam 1015, shown in FIGS. 10H-10K, respectively, may be determined. The intermediate focal length 1030D of the laser beam 1015, shown in FIG. 10K, may be at a surface or end 1012 of the patient interface 114. Although the surface or end 1012 of the patient interface 114 is shown as linear or "flat," the surface or end 1012 of the patient interface 114 may be non-linear. For example, the surface or end 1012 of the patient interface 114 may be concave or convex. As shown in FIGS. 10A-10K, the patient interface may have surfaces 1010 and 1012. The surface 1010 may be a front surface or end of the patient interface 114. The surface 1012 may be a rear surface or end of the patient interface 114. In one example, surface 1012 may be surface 1005. In a second example, surface 1012 may be surface 112. In another example, surface 1012 may be a surface of lens 486. Surface 1012 may be a surface of lens 486 that contacts eye 116.

[0107] At 742, a maximum intensity value of the plurality of intensity values ​​may be determined. For example, the computer system 152 may determine the maximum intensity value of the plurality of intensity values. In another example, the computer system 430 may determine the maximum intensity value of the plurality of intensity values.

[0108] An intermediate focal length of a plurality of intermediate focal lengths each associated with a maximum intensity value may be determined at 744. For example, intermediate focal length 1030D of intermediate focal lengths 1030A-1030D may be determined.

[0109] At 746, a focal length of the plurality of focal lengths may be determined as an intermediate focal length of a plurality of intermediate focal lengths each associated with a maximum intensity value. In one example, a focal length of the plurality of focal lengths may be determined as intermediate focal length 1030D of intermediate focal lengths 1030A-1030D each associated with a maximum intensity value.

[0110]

[0046] Referring now to Figure 7F, another example of a method for determining a plurality of intensity values ​​associated with each of a plurality of intermediate focal lengths is shown. The method shown in Figure 7F may be performed for each intermediate focal length of the plurality of intermediate focal lengths. For example, the method shown in Figure 7F may be performed for each intermediate focal length of intermediate focal lengths 1030A-1030D.

[0111] At 748, the beam expander may be adjusted to focus the laser beam at its intermediate focal length. For example, the beam expander 141 may be adjusted to focus the laser beam at the intermediate focal length 1030. Adjusting the beam expander 141 to focus the laser beam at the intermediate focal length 1030 may include adjusting one or more lenses of the beam expander 141. For example, one or more of the lenses 142A and 142B may be adjusted to focus the laser beam at the intermediate focal length 1030.

[0112] At least a portion of the laser beam reflected from the surface of the patient interface may be received via the TPA at 750. For example, the TPA detector 130 may receive at least a portion of the laser beam reflected from the surface 1012 of the patient interface 114.

[0113] At 752, an intensity value of a plurality of intensity values ​​associated with intermediate focal lengths may be determined from at least a portion of the laser beam. For example, an intensity value associated with intermediate focal length 1030 may be determined. An intensity value associated with intermediate focal length 1030D may be a maximum intensity value.

[0114] Determining an intensity value of the plurality of intensity values ​​associated with the intermediate focal length from at least a portion of the laser beam may include ADC reception of an analog signal from the TPA detector. Determining an intensity value of the plurality of intensity values ​​associated with the intermediate focal length from at least a portion of the laser beam may include ADC conversion of an analog signal from the TPA detector to an intensity value of the plurality of intensity values ​​associated with the intermediate focal length. In one example, the ADC can convert a current to a digital value. In another example, the ADC can convert a voltage to a digital value.

[0115] At 754, an intensity value of the plurality of intensity values ​​associated with the intermediate focal length may be stored via a memory medium. For example, the intensity value associated with the intermediate focal length and the intermediate focal length may be stored via a memory medium. The intermediate focal length may be accessed and / or retrieved from the memory medium via the intensity value associated with the intermediate focal length. For example, the focal length may be accessed and / or retrieved from the memory medium via the maximum intensity value.

[0116] Storing the intensity value associated with the intermediate focal length and the intermediate focal length via the storage medium may include storing the intensity value associated with the intermediate focal length and the intermediate focal length via a database. The intermediate focal length may be accessed and / or obtained from the database via the intensity value associated with the intermediate focal length. For example, the focal length may be accessed and / or obtained from the database via the maximum intensity value. The database may be stored locally, via a remote computer system, or via a remote data center. In one example, the database may include a relational database. In a second example, the database may include a graph database. In a third example, the database may include an associative array. In another example, the database may include a NoSQL database.

[0117] The multiple intensity values ​​may be used to determine a topography. For example, the multiple intensity values ​​may be used to determine a topography of a surface of a patient interface. The multiple intensity values ​​may be used to determine a topography of a surface 1012 of the patient interface 114. For example, the surface of the patient interface 114 may include manufacturing inconsistencies and / or manufacturing defects. The topography of the surface 1012 may be used in determining and / or maintaining a depth of an incision or incision in the eye 116 when the eye 116 is in contact with the surface 1012 of the patient interface 114. For example, the topography of the surface 1012 may be used as a topography of a surface of the eye 116 when determining and / or maintaining a depth of an incision or incision in the eye 116 when the eye 116 is in contact with the surface 1012.

[0118] 8A, an example of a method for determining the depth of at least one incision is shown. At 810, a laser beam may be generated. For example, the laser 120 may generate the laser beam. Generating the laser beam may include pulsing the laser beam. Pulsing the laser beam may include pulsing the laser beam with a femtosecond pulse duration. The laser beam may include photons associated with multiple frequencies.

[0119] At 815, a first plurality of focal lengths associated with a respective plurality of positions of a plane orthogonal to the laser beam may be determined. In one example, as shown in FIG. 9A, a plurality of positions 910A-910M of a plane 900 orthogonal to the laser beam may be associated with a plurality of focal lengths. Although only 14 positions are shown in FIG. 9A, any number of positions may be utilized. Furthermore, the positions may be any location. As shown, the plane 900 may be associated with an X-axis and a Y-axis. In a second example, as shown in FIG. 9B, a plurality of positions 910A-910M of a plane 900 may be utilized at the eye 116. Although only 14 positions are shown in FIG. 9B, any number of positions may be utilized. Furthermore, the positions may be any location. In another example, a plurality of focal lengths 940A-940D of a laser beam 915, shown in respective FIGS. 9N-9Q, associated with a respective plurality of positions 910E-910H of the plane 900 may be determined. The focal lengths associated with each of the positions in the plane orthogonal to the laser beam can be determined via the method shown in FIG. 8B.

[0120] At 820, a depth of at least one incision in the patient's eye may be determined based on a difference between at least each of the second plurality of focal lengths and a respective one of the first plurality of focal lengths. In one example, a depth of the incision 230 in the eye 116 of the patient 320 may be determined based on at least a difference between the focal lengths 940A-940D and the respective focal lengths 920A-920D. The second plurality of focal lengths may be associated with a topography of a surface of the eye 116. In a second example, a depth of the incision 230 in the eye 116 of the patient 320 may be determined based on at least a difference between the focal lengths 940A-940D and the respective focal lengths 1020A-1020D. The second plurality of focal lengths may be associated with a topography of a surface of the patient interface 114. In another example, the depth of the incision 230 in the eye 116 of the patient 320 may be determined based on at least the difference between the focal lengths 942A-942D and the respective focal lengths 920A-920D shown in Figures 9U-9X, respectively.

[0121] A topography of the at least one incision in the patient's eye can be determined based on a difference between each of the at least second plurality of focal lengths and a respective one of the first plurality of focal lengths. A flap thickness can be determined via a depth of the at least one incision in the patient's eye. For example, a flap thickness profile can be determined based on at least one or more depths of the at least one incision in the patient's eye. A flap thickness can be determined based on a difference between each of the at least second plurality of focal lengths and a respective one of the first plurality of focal lengths.

[0122] The incision depth can be modified based on at least the incision depth of the patient's eye. In one example, the incision depth can be maintained (e.g., little or no deviation from the prescribed incision depth) while the incision is being made on the patient's eye. In a second example, the incision contour can be maintained (e.g., little or no deviation from the prescribed incision depth) while the incision is being made on the patient's eye. The slight deviation from the prescribed incision depth can be a margin of error tolerance for the prescribed incision depth. In a third example, a skin flap can be incised on the patient's eye with little or no deviation from the prescribed incision depth. In another example, a corneal flap can be incised on the patient's eye with little or no deviation from the prescribed incision depth. As an example, a WAVELIGHT® FS200 laser system available from Alcon Vision LLC can perform the incision on the patient's eye.

[0123] At 825, a depth of the at least one incision in the patient's eye can be displayed. In one example, the depth of the at least one incision can be displayed via a display. In another example, the depth of the at least one incision can be displayed via a printer. The printer can print the depth of the at least one incision on a sheet of paper. A topography of the patient's eye can be displayed at the depth of the at least one incision in the patient's eye. A topography of a surface of the patient interface can be displayed at the depth of the at least one incision in the patient's eye. A topography of the at least one incision in the patient's eye can be displayed. A topography of the patient's eye and a topography of the at least one incision in the patient's eye can be displayed.

[0124]

[0046] Referring now to Figure 8B, an example of a method for determining a plurality of focal lengths associated with a respective plurality of positions in a plane orthogonal to a laser beam is shown. The method shown in Figure 8B may be performed for each of a plurality of positions in a plane orthogonal to a laser beam. In one example, the method shown in Figure 8B may be performed for each of positions 910A-910M in plane 900. In another example, the method shown in Figure 8B may be performed for each of some of positions 910A-910M in plane 900.

[0125] At 830, at least one mirror can be adjusted to direct the laser beam to one of a plurality of positions in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam. The at least one mirror can be adjusted to direct the laser beam to any position. As an example, the at least one mirror can be adjusted to direct the laser beam to a position 910F. The scanner 144 can include one or more mirrors. For example, the scanner 144 can direct the laser beam to one of a plurality of positions in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam. The scanner 144 can adjust the at least one mirror to direct the laser beam to one of a plurality of positions in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam.

[0126] At 835, a plurality of intensity values ​​associated with each intermediate focal length may be determined. In one example, a plurality of intensity values ​​associated with each intermediate focal length 950A-950C of laser beam 915, shown in Figures 9R-9T, respectively, may be determined. In another example, a plurality of intensity values ​​associated with each intermediate focal length 930A-930C, 930E, and 930F of laser beam 915, shown in Figures 9H-9J, 9L, and 9M, respectively, may be determined. The plurality of intensity values ​​associated with each intermediate focal length may be determined via the method shown in Figure 8C.

[0127] At 840, a maximum intensity value of the plurality of intensity values ​​may be determined. In one example, computer system 152 may determine a maximum intensity value of the plurality of intensity values. In another example, computer system 430 may determine a maximum intensity value of the plurality of intensity values. If a maximum intensity value associated with intermediate focal length 930D ​​is determined, another maximum intensity value of the plurality of intensity values ​​may be determined. For example, another maximum intensity value of the plurality of intensity values ​​may be associated with intermediate focal length 930F. As an example, a maximum intensity value of the plurality of intensity values ​​associated with intermediate focal length 930F may be determined.

[0128] An intermediate focal length of a plurality of intermediate focal lengths each associated with a maximum intensity value may be determined at 845. In one example, intermediate focal length 950C of intermediate focal lengths 950A-950C may be determined. In another example, intermediate focal length 930F of intermediate focal lengths 930A-930C, 930E, and 930F may be determined.

[0129] At 850, a focal length of the plurality of focal lengths may be determined as an intermediate focal length of a plurality of intermediate focal lengths each associated with a maximum intensity value. In one example, the focal length of the plurality of focal lengths may be determined as intermediate focal length 950C of intermediate focal lengths 950A-950C each associated with a maximum intensity value. In another example, the focal length of the plurality of focal lengths may be determined as intermediate focal length 930F of intermediate focal lengths 930A-930C, 930E, and 930F each associated with a maximum intensity value.

[0130]

[0046] Referring now to Figure 8C, an example method for determining a plurality of intensity values ​​associated with each of a plurality of intermediate focal lengths is shown. The method shown in Figure 8C may be performed for each intermediate focal length of the plurality of intermediate focal lengths. For example, the method shown in Figure 8C may be performed for each intermediate focal length of intermediate focal lengths 950A-950C.

[0131] At 855, the beam expander can be adjusted to focus the laser beam at its intermediate focal length. In one example, the beam expander 141 can be adjusted to focus the laser beam at the intermediate focal length 930. In another example, the beam expander 141 can be adjusted to focus the laser beam at the intermediate focal length 950. Adjusting the beam expander 141 to focus the laser beam at its intermediate focal length can include adjusting one or more lenses of the beam expander 141. In one example, one or more of the lenses 142A and 142B can be adjusted to focus the laser beam at the intermediate focal length 930. In another example, one or more of the lenses 142A and 142B can be adjusted to focus the laser beam at the intermediate focal length 950.

[0132] At least a portion of the laser beam reflected from the incision in the patient's eye may be received via the TPA at 860. For example, the TPA detector 130 may receive at least a portion of the laser beam reflected from the incision 230 in the eye 116 of the patient 320.

[0133] At 865, an intensity value of a plurality of intensity values ​​associated with intermediate focal lengths may be determined from at least a portion of the laser beam. In one example, an intensity value associated with intermediate focal length 930 may be determined. An intensity value associated with intermediate focal length 930F may be a maximum intensity value. In another example, an intensity value associated with intermediate focal length 950 may be determined. An intensity value associated with intermediate focal length 950C may be a maximum intensity value.

[0134] Determining an intensity value of the plurality of intensity values ​​associated with the intermediate focal length from at least a portion of the laser beam may include ADC reception of an analog signal from the TPA detector. Determining an intensity value of the plurality of intensity values ​​associated with the intermediate focal length from at least a portion of the laser beam may include ADC conversion of an analog signal from the TPA detector to an intensity value of the plurality of intensity values ​​associated with the intermediate focal length. In one example, the ADC can convert a current to a digital value. In another example, the ADC can convert a voltage to a digital value.

[0135] At 870, an intensity value of the plurality of intensity values ​​associated with an intermediate focal length may be stored via a memory medium. For example, an intensity value associated with the intermediate focal length and the intermediate focal length may be stored via a memory medium. The intermediate focal length may be accessed and / or retrieved from the memory medium via the intensity value associated with the intermediate focal length. For example, the focal length may be accessed and / or retrieved from the memory medium via the maximum intensity value.

[0136] Storing the intensity value associated with the intermediate focal length and the intermediate focal length via the storage medium may include storing the intensity value associated with the intermediate focal length and the intermediate focal length via a database. The intermediate focal length may be accessed and / or obtained from the database via the intensity value associated with the intermediate focal length. For example, the focal length may be accessed and / or obtained from the database via the maximum intensity value. The database may be stored locally, via a remote computer system, or via a remote data center, among others. In one example, the database may include a relational database. In a second example, the database may include a graph database. In a third example, the database may include an associative array. In another example, the database may include a NoSQL database.

[0137] 10L and 10M, examples of a patient interface at an angle to a plane are shown. As shown in FIG. 10L, a line 1040A may be parallel to the plane 900 and the X-axis. Determining the topography of the surface of the patient interface may include determining an angle θ. As shown in FIG. 10M, a line 1040B may be parallel to the plane 900 and the Y-axis. For example, the line 1040B may be perpendicular to the line 1040A. The lines 1040A and 1040B may be parallel to the plane 900. Determining the topography of the surface of the patient interface may include determining an angle φ. One or more of the angles θ and φ may be utilized in determining and / or maintaining the depth of the incision or incision in the eye 116. For example, when the eye 116 is in contact with the surface 1012 of the patient interface 114, one or more of the angles θ and φ may be utilized in determining and / or maintaining the depth of the incision or incision in the eye 116.

[0138] One or more of the method and / or process elements and / or one or more portions of the method and / or processor elements may be performed in a varying order, repeated, or omitted. Further, additional, supplemental, and / or duplicate method and / or process elements may be implemented, instantiated, and / or performed, as desired. Further, one or more of the system elements may be omitted and / or additional system elements may be added, as desired.

[0139] The memory medium may be and / or include an article of manufacture. For example, the article of manufacture may include and / or be a software product and / or a program product. The memory medium may be coded and / or encoded with processor-executable instructions in accordance with one or more of the flowcharts, systems, methods, and / or processes described herein to produce the article of manufacture.

[0140] The subject matter disclosed above is to be considered as illustrative, not limiting, and the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications, extensions and other implementations that are within the true spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Accordingly, to the maximum extent permitted by law, the scope of the present disclosure shall be determined by the broadest permissible interpretation of the following claims and their equivalents, and shall not be limited or restricted by the above detailed description.

Claims

1. 1. A health care system comprising: At least one processor; a laser coupled to the at least one processor and configured to generate a laser beam; a two-photon absorption (TPA) detector coupled to the at least one processor; a memory medium coupled to the at least one processor and containing instructions, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, providing the medical system with: generating said laser beam; determining a first plurality of focal lengths associated with a respective plurality of positions in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam; determining, for each of the plurality of locations, a second plurality of focal lengths associated with the respective plurality of locations in the plane orthogonal to the laser beam; The instructions further include: adjusting at least one mirror to direct the laser beam to the location; determining, for each intermediate focal length of a plurality of intermediate focal lengths, a plurality of intensity values ​​associated with each of the plurality of intermediate focal lengths, each intermediate focal length being greater than a respective focal length of the first plurality of focal lengths associated with the location of the plurality of locations; The instructions further include: adjusting a beam expander to focus the laser beam at the intermediate focal length; receiving at least a portion of the laser beam reflected from an incision in the patient's eye via the TPA detector; determining an intensity value from the at least a portion of the laser beam among the plurality of intensity values ​​associated with the intermediate focal length; determining a maximum intensity value among the plurality of intensity values; determining intermediate focal lengths among the plurality of intermediate focal lengths each associated with one of the maximum intensity values; determining a focal length among the plurality of focal lengths as the intermediate focal length among the plurality of intermediate focal lengths respectively associated with the maximum intensity value; a memory medium that causes a depth of at least one incision in the eye of the patient to be determined based on a difference between at least each of the second plurality of focal lengths and a respective one of the first plurality of focal lengths; and A medical system that has:

2. The medical system of claim 1 , wherein the instructions further cause the medical system to pulse the laser beam to generate the laser beam.

3. 3. The medical system of claim 2, wherein the instructions further cause the medical system to pulse the laser beam with a femtosecond pulse duration to pulse the laser beam.

4. The medical system of claim 1 , wherein the plane is associated with an X-axis and a Y-axis.

5. The instructions further include: The medical system of claim 1 , further comprising: a display of the depth of the at least one incision in the eye of the patient.

6. The instructions further include causing the medical system to: determine, from at least the portion of the laser beam, the intensity value of the plurality of intensity values ​​associated with the intermediate focal length; receiving an analog signal from the TPA detector with an analog-to-digital converter (ADC); The medical system of claim 1 , wherein the ADC converts the analog signal from the TPA detector to the intensity value of the plurality of intensity values ​​associated with the intermediate focal length.

7. The medical system of claim 6 , wherein the ADC is configured to convert a current to a digital value.

8. The medical system of claim 6 , wherein the ADC is configured to convert a voltage to a digital value.

9. The instructions further include:

10. The medical system of claim 1, further comprising: determining a topography of the at least one incision in the eye of the patient based on a difference between at least each of the second plurality of focal lengths and a respective one of the first plurality of focal lengths.

10. The medical system of claim 1 , wherein the laser beam comprises photons associated with multiple frequencies.

11. 1. A method of operating a medical system comprising: a laser configured to generate a laser beam; an optical system configured to receive the laser beam; and a computer system coupled to the optical system, the optical system comprising a beam expander and a two-photon absorption (TPA) detector, the beam expander comprising at least one mirror, the method comprising: the laser generating the laser beam; determining a first plurality of focal lengths associated with a respective plurality of positions in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam; determining, for each of the plurality of locations, a second plurality of focal lengths associated with the respective plurality of locations in the plane orthogonal to the laser beam; at least one mirror directing the laser beam to the location; determining, for each intermediate focal length of a plurality of intermediate focal lengths, a plurality of intensity values ​​associated with each of the plurality of intermediate focal lengths, each intermediate focal length being greater than a respective focal length of the first plurality of focal lengths associated with the location of the plurality of locations; the beam expander focusing the laser beam to the intermediate focal length; the two-photon absorption (TPA) detector receiving at least a portion of the laser beam reflected from an incision in the patient's eye; the computer system determining an intensity value from the at least a portion of the laser beam, the intensity value being one of the plurality of intensity values ​​associated with the intermediate focal length; the computer system determining a maximum intensity value of the plurality of intensity values; determining intermediate focal lengths of the plurality of intermediate focal lengths each associated with the maximum intensity value; determining, by the computer system, a focal length among the plurality of focal lengths as the intermediate focal lengths among the plurality of intermediate focal lengths respectively associated with the maximum intensity value; determining a depth of at least one incision in the eye of the patient based on a difference between each of the second plurality of focal lengths and a respective one of the first plurality of focal lengths; A method comprising:

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the laser generating the laser beam comprises pulsing the laser beam.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the pulsing the laser beam comprises pulsing the laser beam with a femtosecond pulse duration.

14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the plane is associated with an X-axis and a Y-axis.

15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the medical system includes a display, the display indicating the depth of the at least one incision in the eye of the patient.

16. The computer system determines the intensity value of the plurality of intensity values ​​associated with the intermediate focal length from the at least the portion of the laser beam by receiving an analog signal from the TPA detector by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC); converting, by the ADC, the analog signal from the TPA detector to the intensity value of the plurality of intensity values ​​associated with the intermediate focal length; The method of claim 11 , comprising:

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the ADC is configured to convert a current to a digital value.

18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the ADC is configured to convert a voltage to a digital value.

19. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising: the computer system determining a topography of the at least one incision in the eye of the patient based on a difference between at least each of the second plurality of focal lengths and a respective one of the first plurality of focal lengths.

20. The method of claim 11 , wherein the laser beam comprises photons associated with multiple frequencies.

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