Wearable health monitoring device
Patent Information
- Application Number
- JP2025030027
- Authority / Receiving Office
- JP · JP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2019-12-20
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-27
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-09
AI Technical Summary
Conventional methods for measuring blood pressure often require invasive procedures and bulky equipment, which can be inconvenient and impractical for continuous monitoring.
A wearable health monitoring device utilizing fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors to non-invasively measure blood pressure by detecting surface deformations caused by heartbeats and correlating them with pressure changes using a calibration curve.
The device provides accurate and continuous measurements of systolic and diastolic blood pressure without the need for physical constriction, offering a more comfortable and practical solution for health monitoring.
Smart Images
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] (Related Application) This application is a continuation of U.S. Application No. 16 / 723,078, filed on December 20, 2019. The entire disclosure of the above application is incorporated herein by reference.
Background Art
[0002] A person's health status is often evaluated in light of certain vital signs, including blood pressure, respiratory rate, heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, and body temperature. Blood pressure refers to the pressure of circulating blood flowing through the blood vessel walls when the heart pumps blood through the circulatory system. Blood pressure is typically represented by systolic blood pressure (the maximum value in one heartbeat) / diastolic blood pressure (the minimum value between two heartbeats) that exceeds the ambient atmospheric pressure, and is measured in units of millimeters of mercury (mmHg). Typically, it is represented by systolic blood pressure (the maximum value in one heartbeat) / diastolic blood pressure (the minimum value between two heartbeats) that exceeds the ambient atmospheric pressure, and is measured in units of millimeters of mercury (mmHg). The normal resting blood pressure of an average adult is approximately 120 mmHg systolic and 8
[0003] 0 mmHg (120 / 80) diastolic. Consistently high blood pressure is called hypertension, and low blood pressure is called hypotension. Chronic hypertension is a risk factor for many diseases, including heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure.
[0004] Blood pressure is generally measured using a sphygmomanometer, which typically consists of an inflatable cuff, a measuring unit (e.g., a mercury manometer or an aneroid manometer), and an inflation mechanism that can be manually operated with a valve and a tap or electrically operated with a pump. The inflatable cuff is placed around the upper arm (or the wrist in some cases), inflated to constrict the arm and blood vessels within the cuff. By auscultating the brachial artery near the elbow with a stethoscope, the examiner slowly releases the pressure of the cuff (or the wrist in some cases), inflated to constrict the arm and blood vessels within the cuff. By auscultating the brachial artery near the elbow with a stethoscope, the examiner slowly releases the pressure of the cuff around the upper arm (or the wrist in some cases), inflated to constrict the arm and blood vessels within the cuff. By auscultating the brachial artery near the elbow with a stethoscope, the examiner slowly releases the pressure of the cuff Release. As the pressure in the cuff decreases, a "shush" sound or a tapping sound can be heard when the blood flow begins to flow again in the artery. The pressure at which this sound begins to be heard is recorded as the systolic blood pressure . Release the pressure of the cuff further until the sound can no longer be heard. This is recorded as the diastolic blood pressure . Digital devices use a cuff that can be placed around the upper arm, wrist, or finger that is raised to the same height as the heart in all cases according to the device . Automated devices inflate the cuff and gradually reduce the pressure in the same way as a manual sphygmomanometer, measuring the blood pressure using oscillometry that measures the oscillations in cuff pressure induced by blood pressure . .
[0005] More recently, methods and systems for measuring blood pressure without applying pressure to (or by applying very minimal pressure to) the patient's body have been developed. One method is to estimate blood pressure from the time difference (propagation speed) between pulse waves measured by fiber Bragg grating sensors (hereinafter referred to as "FBG sensors") attached to multiple locations on the subject . Another method is to estimate blood pressure using a calibration model that represents the correlation between the measured waveform data of the acceleration pulse wave measured by FBG and the blood pressure values measured at the individual measurement points of the measured waveform data , and the calibration model is used to estimate the blood pressure value of the subject at the time of acceleration pulse wave measurement from the waveform data of the acceleration pulse wave measured from the subject . . . .
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] Embodiments of the present invention provide a wearable health monitoring device for detecting blood pressure For use. In one embodiment consistent with the principles of the present invention, a first fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is configured to be placed in contact with the skin of the user near an artery or a vein. A second fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is configured to be placed in contact with the skin of the user away from an artery or a vein to provide a baseline. The device has an optical emitter that emits a pulse of light waves through the FBG and an optical sensor that receives the pulsed light waves, and provides the reading of the effective Bragg wavelength (λ ) of the FBG to a processor. eff The data acquisition module receives the peak wavelength of the optical sensor reflected by the FBG. The comparator determines the effective shift of the Bragg wavelength due to axial strain on the FBG, and as a result, a complete measurement of the blood pressure pulse is obtained. The blood pressure estimator is configured to calculate the total blood pressure pulse along the effective shifts of the Bragg wavelengths of the first FBG and the second FBG and estimate the systolic blood pressure and the diastolic blood pressure based on a calibration curve that compares pressure with strain. The device uses a display to provide the estimated systolic blood pressure and the estimated diastolic blood pressure. Another embodiment consistent with the principles of the present invention includes a heartbeat monitor configured to detect periodic changes in surface deformations related to the heartbeat. In addition to using FBGs to monitor blood pressure, some embodiments of the wearable health monitor include various physiological attribute monitors or wellness monitors, such as a blood oxygen saturation sensor, a blood glucose sensor, or a body temperature sensor.
[0007]
[0008] It may be included. For example, an optical sensor or a skin temperature sensor may be included in the device.
[0009] Embodiments of the device may also include a transmitter that provides information on blood pressure pulse and estimated systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure for display on a remote device. Such information may be transmitted to the remote device for monitoring purposes and for data analysis to derive health metrics.
[0010] Yet another embodiment of the present invention may include a plurality of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) configured to be disposed in contact with the skin of a user near an artery or a vein. Each FBG is displaced from each other by a predetermined amount.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0011] The foregoing will become apparent from the following more particular description of exemplary embodiments, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which like reference characters refer to the same parts throughout the different views. The drawings are not necessarily to scale and emphasis is instead placed upon illustrating embodiments.
[0012]
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3A
Figure 3B
Figure 4
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Mode for Carrying Out the Invention
[0013] The description of the exemplary embodiment is as follows.
[0014] TIFF2025084857000002.tif30170
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[0015]
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[0016] By embedding one or more optical fibers having one or more FBGs in a wearable material that can be wound around a portion of the human body that is anatomically relevant, the wearable material can be used to sense surface deformations of that portion resulting from physiological processes such as heartbeats and changes between systolic and diastolic blood pressures. As shown in FIG. 2, a band 200 may be provided that wraps around an appendage, such as the user's wrist A. A blood pressure sensor 230 that includes FBGs is disposed within the band and may be configured to detect slight changes in the user's skin, particularly near an artery such as the radial artery B. The device 200 can detect and track periodic movements due to the user's pulse (e.g., radial artery pulsation) resulting from a pressure wave due to changes in arterial pressure when the pulsating heart pumps oxygen-rich blood into the body by measuring surface deformations of the skin. The blood pressure signal pattern at a given time G and the change between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. deformation) can be used. As shown in FIG. 2, a band 200 may be provided that wraps around an appendage, such as the user's wrist A. The blood pressure sensor 230 that includes FBG is disposed within the band and may be configured to detect slight changes in the user's skin, particularly near an artery such as the radial artery B. The device 200 can detect and track periodic movements due to the user's pulse (e.g., radial artery pulsation) resulting from a pressure wave due to changes in arterial pressure when the pulsating heart pumps oxygen-rich blood into the body by measuring surface deformations of the skin. The blood pressure signal pattern at a given time is disposed within the band and may be configured to detect slight changes in the user's skin, particularly near an artery such as the radial artery B. The device 200 can detect and track periodic movements due to the user's pulse (e.g., radial artery pulsation) resulting from a pressure wave due to changes in arterial pressure when the pulsating heart pumps oxygen-rich blood into the body by measuring surface deformations of the skin. The blood pressure signal pattern at a given time and the change between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. and the change between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. and the change between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. and the change between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. By counting the number of pulses and the time intervals between pulses, the system can be used to detect the pulse / heart beat count and any heart rate variability.
[0017] Furthermore, the device can measure the user's blood pressure by correlating the change in the Bragg wavelength (and thus the induced strain) caused by the deformation of the FBG by the pulse with the pressure required to induce that change using a calibration curve. Another sensor functions as a baseline sensor - 270 that includes an embedded FBG located away from the artery B and can perform real - time baseline measurements. Based on a calibration curve that compares strain or wavelength to pressure, both systolic and diastolic blood pressure can be detected along with the strain data from these two sets of sensors. Also, the effective Bragg wavelength (λ ) of the FBG is also known to be a function of temperature. The second FBG can also provide a method for measuring a baseline that can vary due to temperature changes or other variables and for measuring temperature. The second FBG may be used to correct for the time - varying shift of λ due to the blood pressure pulse of the first FBG in contact with the artery. eff ) Before using the embedded FBG as a strain gauge, it is necessary to characterize the response function and linearity of the FBG as functions of the load. To characterize the response function and linearity of the FBG, an electrical strain gauge can be used to calibrate the FBG such that the applied tensile load approximates the reading of the displacement of the user's skin due to blood flow. Once calibrated, the response of the FBG can be reliably used as an embedded strain gauge for detecting surface deformation of an object eff
[0018] Ugh.
[0019] For an FBG to function as a reliable strain gauge, it must be stretched under a tensile load. The change in reflected wavelength when the electric strain gauge is inserted should linearly track the electrical strain gauge data. The Bragg wavelength shift of the embedded FBG under tensile load is due to electrostriction within the elastic limit. It has been shown to be linearly correlated with the induced strain when measured using strain gauges. Also, in the low strain state, which is the case in this application, the strain (in units of pressure) divided by the cross-sectional area is Stress, defined as tensile load, is known to be linearly related to the induced strain. where the proportionality constant is the elastic modulus. This is the classical definition of Hooke's law. Based on the two linear relationships, it can be inferred that the stress is linearly correlated with the Bragg wavelength. Using this proportionality, blood pressure is estimated from the Bragg wavelength shift of the embedded FBG. The gauge also ensures that, within reasonable limits of elasticity, the surface of the object is not deformed for the purpose of detecting a blood pressure reading. This can be used to detect the degree to which
[0020] Referring again to the device 200, the FBG sensor is typically located in a major artery or vein B. The band 200 extends in a direction perpendicular to the blood flow of the patient. The optical fiber 200 has a laser or light source input 225 that is transmitted through an FBG 230. The FBG 230 may include an optical sensor that receives the light wave pulses emitted from the light source 225. The optical sensor collects data about the optical transmission through the FBG 230. The processor 210 is connected to a processor 210 configured to analyze the FBG. 230 changes in refractive index and calculates the user's blood pressure based on those readings. In addition to reading blood pressure, by using an FBG sensor to detect periodic changes in surface deformation resulting from pumping blood through the user's circulatory system, the pulse can also be measured.
[0021] In the embodiment shown in device 200, the blood pressure calculation and / or the pulse rate can be transmitted by transmitter 240 to an application on an external device (not shown), such as a mobile phone or a handheld reader. The band can be designed to communicate wirelessly via Bluetooth, cellular data, local WiFi, or some other wireless transmission. The embodiment shown in device 200 also provides a localized display 250 that enables the user to obtain real-time readings of their blood pressure and other readings without using a reader of an external device. The circuitry within the band can include other known elements well known to those skilled in the art, such as a wireless communication circuit, an energy storage device, and other processors (not shown).
[0022] Thus, band 200 can use one or more embedded FBG sensors to provide blood pressure and pulse rate as a stand-alone blood pressure monitor that does not include physically moving parts such as the pumps used in current blood pressure monitors, which is robust against environmental conditions and more cost-effective to manufacture. It has a wearable blood pressure monitor (generally a health monitor) without a wired connection and also has a display for the user and / or can remotely transmit health data for display or monitoring. A cumbersome device (such as a pump and an inflatable cuff) can be used in both hospital and medical settings.
[0023] Such devices can be particularly useful in situations where it is necessary to monitor patients, but personal health monitoring devices are becoming increasingly popular, allowing individuals with non-critical needs to track their own health. Tracking vital signs such as blood pressure, blood oxygen, and blood sugar can lead to the detection of many conditions such as sleep apnea through blood oxygen monitoring, and patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) through blood pressure and blood oxygen monitoring, which may lead to early detection of heart conditions. Furthermore, full and detailed real-time measurement of blood pressure pulse waveforms can open up new ways to evaluate lung function and identify signs of septic or neurogenic shock through the measurement of dicrotic notches. The advent of big data analysis and artificial intelligence allows for the mining of comprehensive vital data from individuals and populations, detecting and predicting situations that are impossible today. A health monitor consistent with the principles of the present invention can become a powerful tool in preventive medicine, far beyond the realm of health and activity
[0024] The wearable band 200 should be constructed of a thin, elastic material or other flexible material such as stretchable fabric that allows for some movement of the material on the user's skin, as the band is configured to fit around a body part of the user. The band may be constructed to hold the FBG 230 against a body part where surface deformations are detected. The band material should have sufficient elasticity so that the rigidity of the band material does not interfere with the bending of the optical fiber and FBG embedded therein.
[0025] Other embodiments consistent with the principles of the present invention use multiple FBGs embedded in the band to obtain a number of different readings that can be cross-checked with each other to provide a more accurate blood pressure calculation. FIGS. 3A and 3B show another embodiment consistent with the principles of the present invention. FIG. 3A shows a sensor strip 310 having a series of optical fibers 320, 330, 340, and 350 with embedded FBGs 325a-n, 335a -n, 345a-n, and 355a-n that are slightly displaced from each other. In FIG. 3B, the wearable bulb band 300 includes a blood pressure sensor 310 that includes the plurality of optical fibers shown in FIG. 3A. The optical fibers of the sensor strip 310 may also span the area directly above the radial artery B and, as an example, may measure the pulse shape. Another embedded optical fiber 370 having an embedded FBG is located away from the artery and performs a real-time baseline measurement. Each of the optical fibers 320, 330, 340, 350, and 370 uses both a light source and a light sensor (not shown) to provide the processor 380 with the light wave data when a pulse is emitted. The band 300 shown in FIG. 3B also has a transmitter 385 that enables the band 300 to send data to an application on an external device (not shown), such as a mobile phone or a handheld reader. Further, the band 300 also provides a locally raised display 390. Similarly, the optical fibers and FBGs shown in FIGS. 2 and 3B are embedded along the long axis of the band 200, and in alternative embodiments, the data may be obtained by one or more FBGs embedded perpendicular to the length of the band, and the processor responds accordingly. not shown). The band 300 shown in FIG. 3B also has a transmitter 385 that enables the band 300 to send data to an application on an external device (not shown), such as a mobile phone or a handheld reader. Further, the band 300 also provides a locally raised display 390. not shown). The band 300 shown in FIG. 3B also has a transmitter 385 that enables the band 300 to send data to an application on an external device (not shown), such as a mobile phone or a handheld reader. Further, the band 300 also provides a locally raised display 390. raised display 390.
[0026] Similarly, the optical fibers and FBGs shown in FIGS. 2 and 3B are embedded along the long axis of the band 200, and in alternative embodiments, the data may be obtained by one or more FBGs embedded perpendicular to the length of the band, and the processor responds accordingly. along the long axis and, in alternative embodiments, the data may be obtained by one or more FBGs embedded perpendicular to the length of the band, and the processor responds accordingly. to this. Analyze the deformation accordingly.
[0027] Furthermore, in other embodiments consistent with the principles of the present invention, the above-described blood pressure monitor is combined with other miniaturized physiological monitors (blood oxygen saturation, body temperature, and blood glucose measurements using known contact temperature sensors and optical methods) to produce a comprehensive wearable health monitor. These other miniaturized physiological monitors can be an integral part of a separate standalone device that communicates with the health monitor via wireless transmission (e.g., Bluetooth or near-field communication), or they can be an integral part of some embodiments. For example, the blood oxygen saturation sensor can be in the form of a ring that communicates with the health monitor. monitor. They can also be an integral part of some embodiments. For example, the blood oxygen saturation sensor can be in the form of a ring that communicates with the health monitor. In other embodiments, a single optical fiber having a plurality of FBGs, each imprinted with a unique Bragg wavelength along its length and separated from each other by a predetermined
[0028] distance, may be configured such that there are FBGs over an artery (e.g., the radial artery) and also FBGs away from the artery. Such a fiber may be probed using a single light source and an optical sensor. In this configuration, the pulsating component of the Bragg wavelength shift of the FBGs that overlap the artery may be used for the measurement of the BP waveform, and the non-pulsating wavelength shift of the FBGs that do not overlap the artery may be used to correct the baseline shift of the blood pressure waveform and also for temperature sensing. In other embodiments, a single optical fiber having a plurality of FBGs, each imprinted with a unique Bragg wavelength along its length and separated from each other by a predetermined distance, may be configured such that there are FBGs over an artery (e.g., the radial artery) and also FBGs away from the artery. Such a fiber may be probed using a single light source and an optical sensor. In this configuration, the pulsating component of the Bragg wavelength shift of the FBGs that overlap the artery may be used for the measurement of the BP waveform, and the non-pulsating wavelength shift of the FBGs that do not overlap the artery may be used to correct the baseline shift of the blood pressure waveform and also for temperature sensing. waveform, and the non-pulsating wavelength shift of the FBGs that do not overlap the artery may be used to correct the baseline shift of the blood pressure waveform and also for temperature sensing. In other embodiments, a single optical fiber having a plurality of FBGs, each imprinted with a unique Bragg wavelength along its length and separated from each other by a predetermined distance, may be configured such that there are FBGs over an artery (e.g., the radial artery) and also FBGs away from the artery. Such a fiber may be probed using a single light source and an optical sensor. In this configuration, the pulsating component of the Bragg wavelength shift of the FBGs that overlap the artery may be used for the measurement of the BP
[0029] FIG. 4 shows yet another embodiment consistent with the principles of the present invention. In FIG. 4, a wearable blood pressure monitoring system 400 includes a blood pressure processing unit 450 and a removable band It consists of a detachable band 440. The detachable band 440 includes at least one blood pressure-sensing optical fiber 410 with an FBG, and a baseline optical fiber 460 with an FBG. The blood pressure processing unit 450 includes internal electronics (not shown) that enable laser or light pulsing through the optical fibers 410 and 460 of the band 440, sensing of the refractive index through the fiber, and processing of an index to determine the blood pressure of the wearer A. When connected, the band 440 is removably connected to the blood pressure processing unit 450 so that the unit 450 can emit a laser or light pulse through the band 440. As a wearable device, the band 440 may get dirty or damaged. However, as a removable component of the device, the band 440 can be easily replaced at minimal cost.
[0030] Figure 5 is a flowchart showing a method 500 for detecting blood pressure using a wearable item with a fiber Bragg grating FBG embedded therein. Blood pressure detection may be initiated by the user, or the blood pressure may be detected and monitored periodically. Once initiated, peak wavelength data is obtained in step 510 from at least one FBG disposed along the wearable item. The data is continuously obtained, and the user's skin is monitored in step 520 for the effective shift of the Bragg wavelength of the FBG caused by surface deformation. When a shift is detected 530, the data is processed in step 540 to calculate the estimated systolic blood pressure and the estimated diastolic blood pressure. Next, the estimated systolic blood pressure and the estimated diastolic blood pressure
[0031] The teachings of all patents, published applications, and references cited in this specification are incorporated by reference in their entirety.
[0032] Although exemplary embodiments have been specifically shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the appended claims.
[0033] It should be understood that the above-described exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many different ways. In some embodiments, the various methods and machines described herein may each be implemented by a physical, virtual, or hybrid general-purpose computer having a central processor, memory, disk or other mass storage device, communication interface(s), input / output (I / O) device(s), and other peripheral devices. The general-purpose computer may be converted, for example, into a machine that executes the above-described methods by loading software instructions into a data processor and then causing the processor to execute the functions described herein.
[0034] As is well known in the art, such computers may include a system bus, where the bus is a series of hardware lines used for data transfer between components of a computer or processing system. The bus(es) is(are) essentially shared conduits that connect different elements of a computer system, such as processors, disk storage, memory, input / output ports, network ports, etc., and enable the transfer of information between the elements. One or more central processing unit units are attached to the system bus, and the Provide the execution of computer instructions. Also, the system bus typically has various input and output devices, such as keyboards, mice, displays, printers, speakers, etc., which are I / O device interfaces for connecting to the computer. The network interface(s) enable the computer to connect to various other devices connected to the network. The memory provides volatile storage for the software instructions and data of the computer used for the implementation of the embodiments. The disk or other mass storage provides non-volatile storage for the software instructions and data of the computer used, for example, to implement the various procedures described herein.
[0035] Therefore, the embodiments may typically be implemented in hardware, firmware, software, or any combination thereof.
[0036] In certain embodiments, the procedures, devices, and processes described herein are implemented on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as one or more removable storage media, including at least a portion of the software instructions for the system, such as one or more DVD-ROMs, CD-ROMs, floppy disks, tapes, etc. These computer program products can be installed by any suitable software installation procedure well known in the art. In another embodiment, at least a portion of the software instructions may be downloaded via cables, communication, and / or wireless connections.
[0037] Furthermore, firmware, software, routines, or instructions may be described herein as performing certain operations and / or functions of a data processor However, of course, such descriptions herein are merely for convenience, and such operations are actually provided by a computing device, processor, controller, or other device that executes firmware, software, routines, instructions, etc. Of course, flowcharts, block diagrams, and network diagrams may include more or fewer elements, be arranged in a different form, or be represented in a different form. However, it should be further understood that a particular implementation may be affected by the block diagrams and network diagrams, as well as the number of block diagrams and network diagrams, and that the implementation of the embodiments may be implemented in a particular way.
[0038] Accordingly, further embodiments may also be implemented in various computer architectures, physical computers, virtual computers, cloud computers, and / or combinations of several of them, and thus the data processors described herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not limit the embodiments. Of course, flowcharts, block diagrams, and network diagrams may include more or fewer elements, be arranged in a different form, or be represented in a different form. However, it should be further understood that a particular implementation may be affected by the block diagrams and network diagrams, as well as the number of block diagrams and network diagrams, and that the implementation of the embodiments may be implemented in a particular way. Of course, flowcharts, block diagrams, and network diagrams may include more or fewer elements, be arranged in a different form, or be represented in a different form. However, it should be further understood that a particular implementation may be affected by the block diagrams and network diagrams, as well as the number of block diagrams and network diagrams, and that the implementation of the embodiments may be implemented in a particular way.
[0039] Therefore, further embodiments may also be implemented in various computer architectures, physical computers, virtual computers, cloud computers, and / or combinations of several of them, and thus the data processors described herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not limit the embodiments. Of course, flowcharts, block diagrams, and network diagrams may include more or fewer elements, be arranged in a different form, or be represented in a different form. However, it should be further understood that a particular implementation may be affected by the block diagrams and network diagrams, as well as the number of block diagrams and network diagrams, and that the implementation of the embodiments may be implemented in a particular way. Of course, flowcharts, block diagrams, and network diagrams may include more or
[0040] Although the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to its exemplary embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the appended claims. Although the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to its exemplary embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the appended claims. Although the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to its exemplary embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the appended claims.
Claims
1. A wearable device, a first fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor configured to contact a portion of the user's skin proximate to the artery or vein, the first FBG sensor having a first Bragg wavelength; a second FBG sensor configured to contact a portion of the skin remote from the artery or vein, the second FBG sensor having a second Bragg wavelength; and a processor configured to execute code stored in a memory, the processor performing the following: determining an effective shift in a first Bragg wavelength due to strain on a first FBG sensor related to a change in a skin portion caused at least in part by blood flowing through an artery or vein; wherein the effective shift in the first Bragg wavelength includes a pulsatile component for measuring a blood pressure waveform; determining an effective shift in the second Bragg wavelength due to the strain on the second FBG sensor relative to a real-time baseline measurement of the skin portion; wherein the effective shift in the second Bragg wavelength includes a non-pulsatile component to correct the blood pressure waveform; and A wearable device that estimates a user's blood pressure based on a calibration curve associated with each significant shift in the first Bragg wavelength and each significant shift in the second Bragg wavelength.
2. The wearable device according to claim 1, further comprising: a wearable device, comprising: an elastic band configured to support a first FBG sensor, a second FBG sensor, and a processor, the elastic band configured to conform to the portion of skin.
3. A wearable device as described in claim 2, wherein the stretchable fabric is removably coupled to the processor.
4. A wearable device as described in claim 2, wherein the first FBG sensor and the second FBG sensor are arranged at intervals from each other along the longitudinal direction of the elastic band.
5. A wearable device as described in claim 1, wherein the first FBG sensor and the second FBG sensor are spaced apart from each other by a predetermined amount.
6. The wearable device of claim 1, further comprising: A wearable device comprising: a transmitter coupled to a processor, the transmitter configured to transmit blood pressure or at least one other physiological parameter to an external device.
7. A wearable device according to claim 6, The external device is a wearable device, including a display configured to display data related to blood pressure or at least one other physiological parameter.
8. The wearable device according to claim 7, A wearable device, wherein the at least one physiological parameter is at least one of body temperature, pulse rate, blood oxygen level, or a baseline shift corrected blood pressure waveform.
9. A wearable device according to claim 1, A wearable device including a display that provides data related to estimated blood pressure.
10. The wearable device of claim 1, further comprising: A wearable device including a light source configured to transmit pulsed light waves through a first FBG sensor and a second FBG sensor.
11. A wearable device as described in claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to receive wavelength data related to the pulsed light wave.
12. A wearable device as described in claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to determine effective shifts of the first Bragg wavelength and the second Bragg wavelength based on wavelength data associated with the pulsed light wave.
13. A wearable device as described in claim 11, wherein the wavelength data related to the pulsed light wave includes data indicating a shift in the refractive index of the first FBG sensor and the second FBG sensor.
14. A method of using a health monitoring device, comprising: a first sensor (including a first fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and configured to be placed in contact with the person's skin and aligned with an artery or vein); emitting pulsed light waves through a second sensor (including a second fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and configured to be placed in contact with the person's skin away from the artery or vein); a first optical sensor configured to receive wavelength data associated with the pulsed light; Obtain the peak wavelength reflected by the FBG and the second FBG. determining an effective shift of a first Bragg wavelength reflected by the first FBG and an effective shift of a second Bragg wavelength reflected by the second FBG over time; wherein the first effective shift in Bragg wavelength includes a pulsatile component for measuring the blood pressure waveform, and the second effective shift in Bragg wavelength includes a non-pulsatile component for correcting the blood pressure waveform; and A method for estimating a person's blood pressure based on a calibration curve associated with an effective shift of each first Bragg wavelength and an effective shift of a second Bragg wavelength.
15. A method as described in claim 14, wherein the estimation of the subject's blood pressure is further based on the pulse transit time (PTT) associated with the pulsatile component of the blood pressure waveform and the output of either an electrocardiogram (ECG) or a heart rate monitor.
16. A method as described in claim 15, wherein the estimation of the subject's blood pressure is further based on a calibration function derived from the timing correlation between the pulsatile component of the blood pressure waveform and the output of at least one of an ECG, a heart rate monitor, or a blood oxygen saturation sensor.
17. A method as described in claim 14, further comprising determining a pulse pressure waveform based on the effective shift of the first Bragg wavelength corrected for drift from a baseline blood pressure waveform based on the effective shift of the second Bragg wavelength.
18. A method according to claim 17, further comprising analyzing characteristics of the pulse pressure waveform including at least one of the impact volume and the decay period notch.
19. The method of claim 17, further comprising analyzing the pulse pressure waveform to determine cardiovascular parameters including at least one of cardiac output and cerebral output.
20. A method as described in claim 17, further comprising performing pattern recognition analysis of the pulse pressure waveform to estimate the likelihood of a disease exhibited by the person.