Spectacle lens with auxiliary optical element

Abstract

To provide a device and / or a system that corrects incident light passing through a spectacle lens utilizing at least one auxiliary or local optical element so as to expand or extend a depth of focus of short-sightedness.SOLUTION: A method of controlling the speed of progression of myopia by correcting the myopia by the use of expansion of a depth of focus provided by at least one auxiliary or local optical element constituted in a spectacle lens 302 or associatively with the spectacle lens in combination or by juxtaposition uses an axicon, an optical sword element, or a peacock eye element in the local optical element or a sub-lens. The method also uses a plurality of axicons, optical sword elements, or peacock eye elements constituted in the spectacle lens or associatively with the spectacle lens in combination or by juxtaposition.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

Cross - reference to related applications

[0001] This application claims priority to Australian Provisional Application Serial No. 2020 / 900397, filed on February 12, 2020, with the title "Corrective Lens", the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.

Technical Field

[0002] The present disclosure relates to spectacle lenses for addressing disorders of eye length, such as myopia, with or without astigmatism. The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for correcting myopia and controlling or reducing the rate of progression of myopia by using at least one local or auxiliary optical element configured inside an integral - based spectacle lens, in combination with, or juxtaposed with, the integral - based spectacle lens, to provide an extended depth of focus or an elongated depth of focus to the wearer's eye.

Background Art

[0003] The growth of the human eye is controlled by a feedback mechanism and is mainly regulated by the visual experience of the world, called emmetropization. The signal that guides the emmetropization process is initiated by the modulation of light energy received by the retina. The characteristics of the image are monitored by biological processes that modulate the signal to initiate, stop, accelerate, or decelerate eye growth. Deviation from the emmetropization process can lead to refractive disorders such as myopia. Myopia is an optical disorder of the eye where the image of a distant object is focused in front of the fovea or retina. The incidence of myopia is increasing at an alarming rate in many regions of the world, especially in East Asia. A pair of negative lenses can optically correct myopia, but do not address the underlying cause of excessive eye growth, often causing high myopia and being associated with serious vision - threatening conditions such as cataracts, glaucoma, myopic maculopathy, and retinal detachment. Therefore, there remains a need for specific optical therapies for such individuals that not only correct the underlying error but also prevent excessive eye elongation. Definitions

[0004] Unless otherwise specifically defined below, terms are used in this specification as generally used by those skilled in the art.

[0005] The term "myopic eye" means an eye that has already experienced myopia, is diagnosed as having a refractive state in which myopia is progressing, and has astigmatism of less than 1 DC.

[0006] The term "astigmatic myopic eye" means an eye that has already experienced myopia, is diagnosed as having a refractive state in which myopia is progressing, and has astigmatism higher than 1 DC.

[0007] The term "progressing myopic eye" means an eye with established myopia that is diagnosed as progressing due to either a change in refractive anomaly of at least -0.25 D / year or a change in axial eye length of at least 0.10 mm / year.

[0008] The term "pre-myopic eye" or "eye at risk of becoming myopic" means an eye that may be emmetropic or have low hyperopia at that time, but has an increased risk of becoming myopic based on genetic factors (e.g., both parents are myopic) and / or age (e.g., young and has low hyperopia) and / or environmental factors (e.g., time spent outdoors) and / or behavioral factors (e.g., time spent doing near work).

[0009] The term "optical stop signal" or "stop signal" means an optical signal or directional cue that can facilitate decelerating, reversing, arresting, delaying, suppressing, or controlling the refractive state and / or growth of the eye.

[0010] The term "standard single vision spectacle lens" or "single vision spectacle lens" or "integral base spectacle lens" or "standard single vision integral base spectacle lens" means a finished, semi-finished, or blank spectacle lens composed of a base prescription used to correct the fundamental refractive anomaly of the eye, where the refractive anomaly may be myopia with or without astigmatism.

[0011] The term "base prescription for correcting refractive anomalies" means the standard eyeglass prescription required to correct the underlying myopia in an individual, with or without astigmatism.

[0012] The term "optical center of an eyeglass lens" means the geometric center of an uncut eyeglass lens or eyeglass blank. In the case of an edge or cut eyeglass lens, the term "optical center of an eyeglass lens" means the substantially straight line connecting the centers of curvature of the front and back surfaces of the eyeglass lens.

[0013] The term "optical axis of an eyeglass lens" means the line passing through the optical center and a plane drawn substantially perpendicular to the plane containing the edge of the eyeglass lens blank.

[0014] The term "through-focus" means the region substantially in front of and behind the retina. In other words, the region substantially in front of the retina and / or the region substantially behind the retina.

[0015] The term "auxiliary optical element" or "local optical element" means a region on an eyeglass lens having a predetermined optical effect different from the optical effect provided by the integral base prescription of the eyeglass lens.

[0016] The term "optical center of an auxiliary optical element" means the geometric center of an individual auxiliary optical element on an eyeglass lens.

[0017] The term "optical axis of an auxiliary optical element" means the line passing through the optical center of the auxiliary optical element and a plane drawn substantially tangentially to the auxiliary optical element, and passing through the point serving as the optical center of the auxiliary optical element of the eyeglass lens.

[0018] The term "model eye" means a schematic, ray-tracing, or physical, model eye.

[0019] As used herein, the terms "diopter", "dioptre", or "D" are units of measure of refractive power defined as the reciprocal of the focal length of a lens or optical system along the optical axis in meters.

[0020] The character "D" represents the spherical refractive power, and the character "DC" represents the cylindrical refractive power.

[0021] The term "power map of the auxiliary optical element" means the two-dimensional power distribution of the auxiliary optical element in Cartesian or polar coordinates.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0022]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Patent Document 3

Patent Document 4

Patent Document 5

Patent Document 6

Patent Document 7

Patent Document 8

Patent Document 9

Non-Patent Documents

[0023]

Non-Patent Document 1

Non-Patent Document 2

Non-Patent Document 8

Non-Patent Document 9

Non-Patent Document 10

Non-Patent Document 11

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0024] Certain disclosed embodiments include eyeglass lenses, devices, systems, and / or methods for altering the properties of incident light entering the human eye. Certain disclosed embodiments are directed to the configuration of eyeglass lenses, methods, and / or systems for correcting and treating refractive anomalies.

[0025] Certain embodiments of the present disclosure aim to correct myopic refractive anomalies and simultaneously provide an optical stop signal to prevent further progression of myopia. The present disclosure relates to a method of correcting myopia and controlling, suppressing, or reducing the rate of progression of myopia by using at least one local or auxiliary optical element configured inside an integral-based spectacle lens, in combination with, or juxtaposed to, the integral-based spectacle lens to provide an extended depth of focus or an elongation of the depth of focus to the eye.

[0026] The present disclosure relates to an optical intervention method that applies the effect of an extended depth of focus or an elongation of the depth of focus achieved through at least one local or auxiliary optical element utilized in combination with an integral-based spectacle lens as an optical stop signal for reducing the rate of progression of myopia. The present disclosure relates to the intentional configuration of at least one auxiliary optical element inside the spectacle lens, in combination with, or juxtaposed to, the spectacle lens. At least one auxiliary optical element configured in cooperation with a standard single-vision integral-based spectacle lens provides an extended depth of focus or an elongation of the depth of focus at the retinal level of the wearer's eye, which can function as a stop signal for progressive myopia.

[0027] The present disclosure particularly relates to at least one local or auxiliary optical element, which utilizes at least partially an axicon, a light sword element, a modified light sword element, a single peacock eye element, or a double peacock eye element. In some embodiments, multiple axicons, multiple light sword elements, multiple modified light sword elements, multiple single peacock eye elements, and / or multiple double peacock eye elements may be configured in combination with a standard single-vision spectacle lens.

[0028] In some embodiments, the axicon may be linearly configured as a function of the angular coordinates of the lens, while in some other embodiments, the desired configuration of the axicon may be logarithmic.

[0029] The present disclosure also relates to at least one local or auxiliary optical element comprising an axicon or a light sword element that can be incorporated into an optical film that can be permanently configured juxtaposed to a standard single vision eyeglass lens for the purpose of altering the light signals received by the retina. The disclosure of using a permanent optical film that can be adhered onto an integral base eyeglass lens may be desirable to minimize manufacturing-related and user-related costs.

[0030] The altered light signals achieved or provided by the expansion of the depth of focus or the introduction of an extended depth of focus may function as a stop signal for progressive myopia. The at least one auxiliary optical element incorporated into the permanent optical film may include either altering the surface and / or altering the material matrix to provide a desired level of extended depth of focus to the eye when used in conjunction with a standard single vision integral base eyeglass lens. In some other embodiments, the contemplated light sword optical element may be modified such that no distinct ledge is formed on the circumference of the light sword.

[0031] The present disclosure describes an eyeglass lens configured in conjunction with, in combination with, or juxtaposed to at least one auxiliary or local optical element to provide an extended depth of focus on the central and / or peripheral retinal portions or regions of an eyeglass wearer. The extended depth of focus on the central and / or peripheral retinal portions or regions may function as an optical stop signal for progressive myopia.

[0032] In some embodiments, the central retinal portion of the eyeglass wearer may include a central 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, or 5 degree field of view. In some embodiments, the peripheral retinal portion of the eyeglass wearer may include a retinal field within a 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, or 30 degree field of view.

[0033] Certain embodiments are directed to an apparatus, method, and / or system that can force an optical stop signal to one or more retinal locations of a wearer's eye by using a plurality of local or auxiliary optical elements inside, or as part of, an integral-based eyeglass lens, in cooperation with, or juxtaposed to, the integral-based eyeglass lens. Certain embodiments are directed to an eyeglass lens incorporating a plurality of local or auxiliary optical elements, the eyeglass lens being capable of providing an optical stop signal independent (or substantially independent) of the direction of gaze of the wearer's eye.

[0034] Certain embodiments are directed to an apparatus, method, and / or system that can modify incident light passing through an eyeglass lens to provide an expansion or elongation of depth of focus to slow the growth of the eye. This can be achieved through the use of a plurality of optical elements used in conjunction with or in combination with a standard single vision eyeglass lens. As shown in certain exemplary embodiments, a method of selecting an eyeglass lens for an individual eye is described herein for controlling, suppressing, and / or arresting the progression of myopia by introducing an expanded or elongated depth of focus pattern at the retina. The present disclosure relates at least in part to introducing an optical stop signal into progressive myopic eyes using an apparatus whose performance is substantially independent of the angle of gaze of the wearer.

[0035] Certain embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to methods for reducing or slowing the growth of the eye. Certain embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to devices for reducing the rate of progression of myopia. Exemplary methods of the present disclosure include measuring the refraction of at least one eye of a wearer. The method further specifies a distance prescription based at least in part on the eye refraction measurement. The method further selects spectacle lenses for each eye. The spectacle lenses are composed of integral base spectacle lenses having a base distance prescription power substantially close to the eye refraction measurement. The integral base spectacle lenses are further composed of at least one local or auxiliary optical element used in cooperation with, in combination with, or juxtaposed to the integral base spectacle lenses. The at least one auxiliary or local optical element is configured to provide an optical effect different from the optical effect provided by the integral base spectacle lenses to the eye. The combination of the integral base spectacle lenses and the at least one auxiliary or local optical element is configured to provide an expansion or elongation of the depth of focus for at least one region or portion on the retina of a myopic eye. The at least one local or auxiliary optical element is at least in part a linear axicon, a logarithmic axicon, a light sword element, or a modified light sword element. The at least one local or auxiliary optical element provides an introduction of an expansion or elongation of the depth of focus in the retinal plane of the spectacle wearer. Thereby, an optical signal for delaying the progression of the increase in the length of the eye can be further provided.

[0036] In addition to the embodiments discussed in the Summary of the Invention section, other embodiments are disclosed in the Detailed Description, the Figures, the set of Exemplary Claims, and the Claims. This summary is not intended to cover all embodiments, combinations, or variations contemplated by the present disclosure. This summary is not intended to be limiting with respect to the embodiments disclosed herein. Further, limitations of one embodiment may be combined with limitations of other embodiments to form additional embodiments.

[0037] The embodiments shown in the present disclosure are directed to the continuing need for enhanced optical designs and spectacle lenses that can provide the wearer with reasonable and sufficient vision performance for various activities that the wearer can perform on a daily basis, while suppressing the progression of myopia. Various aspects of the disclosed embodiments of the present invention address such needs of the wearer.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0038]

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Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0039] Conventional eyeglass designs for managing myopia include executive bifocal lenses, D - type bifocal lenses, concentric bifocal lenses, conventional progressive addition lenses, special types of progressive addition lenses including symmetric and asymmetric types, multifocal lenses, those incorporating multi - segment defocus regions on the eyeglass lens, and the use of eyeglasses with positive spherical aberration, also known as peripheral plus lenses. Each of these eyeglass lens designs has both advantages and disadvantages. Some of the disadvantages are described herein. For example, some of the disadvantages are based on various types of bifocal, multifocal, and progressive lenses, or peripheral plus powers, and result in significant visual impairments such as a swim effect, image jump, residual aberration, and peripheral distortion, thereby degrading the quality of the way things look in the peripheral visual field. This side effect is due to the very high levels of simultaneous and / or multiple defocus regions, zones, or segments, the use of a significant amount of positive spherical aberration in the lens, or the dramatic change in power within a given zone of the eyeglass lens.

[0040] To avoid the visual function problems encountered by using standard bifocal, multifocal, progressive addition spectacle lenses in older adults, some other prior art presbyopic contact lens designs, including intentionally manipulating spherical aberration to extend the depth of focus, have also been considered as options for myopia management. The following references are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety: Bakaraju., Chapter 7, PhD Thesis, 2010, Optometry & Vision Science, Faculty of Science, UNSW. Benard et al., "Subjective depth of field in presence of 4th-order and 6th-order Zernike spherical aberration using adaptive optics technology" J. Cataract Refract. Surg., 36, 2129-2138 (2010). Yi et al., "Depth of focus and visual acuity with primary and secondary spherical aberration" Vision Research, 51, 1648-1658 (2011).

[0041] Most prior art contact lens designs proposed and effectively utilized for presbyopia management have, of course, also proven to be a fruitful and effective option for the treatment or management of myopia, i.e., for slowing the progression of myopia. However, this is generally not the case for spectacle lenses proposed and effectively utilized for presbyopia management. For example, progressive addition spectacle lenses, which are considered the gold standard for presbyopia management, have been tested for myopia management in several randomized controlled clinical trials but have shown little effect.

[0042] Furthermore, few attempts to modify progressive addition lens designs to incorporate relevant optical features while taking into account the changes in young eyes have been successful. The fundamental reasons for the observed ineffectiveness related to the inability of progressive spectacle lenses and other conventional bifocal and multifocal spectacle lenses to effectively manage myopia can be grouped into two main categories: (a) the optical correction depends on the wearer's fixation, i.e., unlike contact lens options that are clearly independent of the wearer's fixation, the wearer has to choose whether to use or ignore the therapeutic optics within the spectacle lens, and / or (b) the treatment zones are displaced relative to the wearer's pupil area / visual axis.

[0043] For example, spectacle lens designs that incorporate the above limitations of the prior art into the design calculations have demonstrated significant success in reducing the progression of myopia compared to designs that incorporate traditional or conventional bifocal, multifocal, or progressive addition "like" optics within the spectacle lens.

[0044] The following references are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety to support the above findings. To et al., U.S. Patent 10,268,050 B2 teaches the use of a multi-segment optical element incorporating defocus to control the progression of myopia. The peer-reviewed scientific paper by Lam et al., Br J Ophthalmol, 2019, 104, 363-368, entitled "Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) spectacle lenses slow myopia progression: a 2-year randomised clinical trial", demonstrates the clinical utility of U.S. Patent 10,268,050 B2. After the first successful approach to managing progressive myopia using the defocus-incorporated multi-segment lens disclosed in the prior art US10268050B2, the ophthalmic industry has flocked to technologies based on lenticules and microlenticules incorporated into spectacle lenses, aimed at improving the established prior art 10268050B2, for both spectacle and contact lens applications. The following references are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety for contact lens-based applications. For example, Brennan et al., U.S. Patent Application 2016 / 0377884 A1, entitled "Contact Lens comprising non-co-axial micro lenslets for preventing and / or slowing myopia progression", teaches the use of a plurality of non-coaxial lenticules or optical elements for the progression of myopia. The disclosure of this U.S. Patent Application 2016 / 0377884 A1 contemplates the use of a high degree of defocus incorporated into a small area within the contact lens visual zone to manage myopia. Further, in another patent application, entitled "Apparatus and methods for controlling axial growth with an ocular lens", Newman discloses the use of a plurality of optical elements or features aimed at redirecting peripheral light into the eye away from the central region of the retina to prevent the progression of myopia.

[0045] The following references, in their entirety, are incorporated herein by reference for uses related to eyeglass lenses that claim improvements over the prior art 10268050B2. For example, Matthieu et al., patent application WO2019 / 166659A9, titled "Optical Lens Element," discloses the use of aspherical optics in a local optical element and the use of a plurality of at least two adjacent optical elements configured to effectively slow the progression of myopia. The usefulness of aspherical optics for use in place of the conventional spherical optics described in the prior art 10268050B2 and the particular arrangement of the aspherical optics contemplated are claimed to have improvements over the prior art. Further, Matthieu et al., patent application WO2020 / 079105A1, titled "Optical Lens," teaches additional means for determining an optical lens element to be used in conjunction with an eyeglass lens to control the progression of myopia.

[0046] In patent application WO2020 / 078691A1, titled "Optical Articles comprising encapsulated microlenses and methods of making the same," Matthieu et al. expand the use of a plurality of optical elements, such as microlenses on a lens surface, that can easily add a desired positive power to concentrate a portion of the incident light in front of the retina to control the progression of myopia. In a further series of improvements to the disclosure of the defocus-incorporated multi-segment based optical elements described in the prior art US10268050B2, Saux et al., in patent application WO2020 / 078964A1, titled "Improved Optical Article Incorporating Optical elements and Manufacturing Method thereof," further teach the use of microlenses utilizing a Fresnel structure embedded in an eyeglass lens to prevent the progression of myopia.

[0047] In other applications, in US Patent US20200073147A1, Bakaraju et al. propose the use of microlenses incorporated within spectacle lenses to provide the eye with chromatic cues that facilitate slowing the rate of progression of myopia. Briefly summarized, all techniques based on lenticules proposed for myopic eyes involve imposing some level of defocus on the central and / or peripheral regions of the retina using defocus or aspheric lenticules. Further, various arrangements of lenticule-like features incorporated within spectacle lenses have been contemplated to improve visual function. See, for example, US Patent 10268050B2, Patent Applications WO2019 / 166659A9, WO2020 / 079105A1, WO2020 / 078691, WO2020 / 078964A1, and US2020 / 0073147A1.

[0048] Considering the impact of spectacle lens wear compliance on the therapeutic efficacy of myopia progression, if visual function deteriorates significantly, compliance will further decrease, and as a result, the efficacy may decrease. Therefore, what is needed is an improved spectacle design that provides myopia correction and delays progression without causing at least one or more of the drawbacks discussed herein.

[0049] The next-generation spectacle solutions for myopia management contemplated in the present disclosure aim to improve the necessary reduction in wide-angle visual function with techniques that are often traded to achieve a desired level of myopia control efficacy.

[0050] To improve visual function over prior art techniques based on conventional defocus or aspheric lenticules, the present disclosure proposes the use of multiple sublenses incorporating optical features of extended depth of focus that are achieved through the utilization of angular modulation of the light transmittance function and are used in conjunction with, combined with, or juxtaposed to standard spectacle lenses.

[0051] The improved utility of diffractive axicon optical elements over conventional refractive optical elements having radial modulation of light transmittance has been shown.

[0052] Please refer to the following reference, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety: Kolodziejczyk et al., "The light sword optical element, a new diffraction structure with extended depth of focus", J. Mod. Opt., 37, 1990. However, the use of the diffractive light sword optical element can cause a significant level of unwanted chromatic aberration that can lead to further degradation of the visual function.

[0053] Due to the advent of technology, the defects observed in the diffractive approach have been alleviated in recent years by high-precision lathe technology that has opened the way for the accurate and precise manufacturing of refractive light sword elements for presbyopia treatment.

[0054] Reference is made to the following references, which are hereby incorporated in their entirety by reference: "Imaging with the extended focal depth utilizing the refractive light sword optical element" by Garcia et al., Opt. Express, 16, 2008. "Strehl ratio characterising elements designed for presbyopia compensation" by Petelczyc et al., Opt. Express, 19, 2011. "Imaging the optical properties of a light sword optical element used as a contact lens in a presbyopic eye model" by Petelczyc et al., Opt. Express, 19, (2011). "Visual Strehl performance of IOL designs with extended depth of focus" by Gallego et al., Optom. Vis. Set, 89, 2012. "Wide depth of focus vortex intraocular lenses and associated methods" by Tjundewo Lawu, WO2016 / 035055Al.

[0055] Improving on the prior art, in some embodiments, the present disclosure contemplates providing a method of incorporating a miniaturized refractive light sword element into an eyeglass lens for the management of myopia that maintains a desirable level of myopia control efficacy while minimizing the trade-off of the compromises in appearance observed in prior art designs.

[0056] The subject of the present disclosure is a next-generation eyeglass solution aimed at improving on prior art designs that primarily aim to minimize trade-offs in visual function.

[0057] Furthermore, some of the prior art may not be aesthetically appealing to children, teenagers, and young adults, such as demarcation lines like D-type bifocal lenses, executive bifocal lenses, etc. Other solutions will become apparent as the discussion progresses herein. There is a need for spectacle lenses that provide a stop signal for eye growth regardless of the direction of gaze of the wearer's eyes.

[0058] There is a need in the art for spectacle lenses that provide a stop signal for a progressive eye, regardless of the portion of the spectacle lens in use. There is also a need in the art for optical elements that can be combined with spectacle lenses, and the spectacle lenses configured to cooperate, combine, or be juxtaposed with the contemplated optical elements provide a stop signal for progressive myopia using an extended depth of focus. Further, the stop signal provided by the optical element and the spectacle lens serves a part or a substantial portion of the wearer's field of view. The present disclosure is directed to overcoming and / or ameliorating one or more of the disadvantages of the prior art as will become apparent herein.

[0059] A detailed discussion of the prior art and general subject matter is provided herein as background to the present disclosure to explain the context of the disclosed embodiments and to distinguish the advancements contemplated by the present disclosure over the prior art. No admission is made that any of the material presented herein is prior art to the various embodiments and / or claims set forth herein based on the priority of the material proposed in the present disclosure being previously disclosed, known, or part of common general knowledge.

[0060] In this section, the present disclosure is described in detail with reference to one or more embodiments, some of which are illustrated and supported by the accompanying figures. The examples and embodiments are provided for purposes of illustration and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure.

[0061] The following description is provided in relation to several embodiments that may share common characteristics and features of the present disclosure. It will be understood that one or more features of one embodiment may be combined with one or more features of any other embodiment that may constitute a further embodiment.

[0062] The information on functions and structures disclosed herein should not be construed in any limiting way, but rather should be construed as simply providing a representative basis for those skilled in the art to adopt the disclosed embodiments and variations thereof in various ways.

[0063] The subheadings and related topic headings used in the detailed description section are included only to facilitate the reader's reference and should in no way be used to limit the subject matter found through the claims of the present invention or the present disclosure. Subheadings and related topic headings should not be used when interpreting the scope of the patent claims or limitations of the patent claims.

[0064] In this section, the present disclosure is described in detail with reference to one or more embodiments, some of which are illustrated and supported by the accompanying figures. The examples and embodiments are provided for purposes of explanation and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure.

[0065] The following description is provided in relation to several embodiments that may share common characteristics and features of the present disclosure. It will be understood that one or more features of one embodiment may be combined with one or more features of any other embodiment that may constitute a further embodiment.

[0066] The risk of developing myopia or progressive myopia may be based on one or more of the following factors, namely, genetics, ethnicity, lifestyle, environment, excessive near - distance work, etc.

[0067] Certain embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to persons at risk of developing myopia or progressive myopia. One or more of the following advantages are found in one or more of the disclosed optical devices and / or methods of eyeglass lens design. An eyeglass lens device or method that provides a stop signal for slowing or halting the growth rate of the wearer's eye based on an extended or elongated depth of focus. The extended or elongated depth of focus enables the formation of a retinal image quality above a specific threshold over a specific through-focus region of the eyeglass wearer.

[0068] An eyeglass lens device or method that is not based solely on either simultaneous defocus around the optical axis or positive spherical aberration due to potential visual function degradation of the prior art. The following exemplary embodiments are directed to a method of modifying incident light passing through an eyeglass lens that provides an extended or elongated depth of focus at the retinal plane of an emmetropic eye. This can be achieved by using at least one local or auxiliary optical element inside or in cooperation with, in combination with, or juxtaposed to the eyeglass lens used for myopia correction. In short, the use of at least one local optical element in cooperation with the eyeglass lens may be used to reduce the progression rate of myopia by introducing an extended depth of focus at the retinal level. A single-focus lens, a bifocal lens, and a multifocal lens may be designed to have one or more focal regions advantageously configured to correct at one or more viewing distances. The extended, elongated, or wide depth of focus at the retina provides a through-focus retinal region (i.e., in front of and behind the retina), and the image quality does not fall below a specific image quality threshold. The extended, elongated, or wide depth of focus optical element is contemplated to provide a delay, control, or inhibition signal to a progressive myopic eye.

[0069] Various methods are disclosed herein for achieving an extended, elongated, or wide depth of focus by using the contemplated optical element in conjunction with an eyeglass lens. In a broader sense, the contemplated optical element used inside or in conjunction with, in combination with, or juxtaposed to the eyeglass lens is capable of concentrating the incident light rays into line segments along the optical axis (i.e., in front of and / or behind the retina) having a desired length, orientation or inclination with respect to the optical axis, and longitudinal intensity distribution.

[0070] An axicon can be a suitable candidate for suppressing, delaying, or controlling the progression rate of myopia by providing an extended, elongated, or wide extended depth of focus (i.e., a stop signal to the advancing eye) when combined with an eyeglass lens. It is a rotationally symmetric optical element.

[0071] Put simply, an axicon is an optical element that converts an incident plane wave into a narrow focal segment having uniform intensity in the image plane. Depending on the direction in which the narrow focal segment with uniform intensity is projected, the axicon may be called a forward axicon or a backward axicon.

[0072] In an exemplary embodiment, the axicon can function as a local or auxiliary optical element used inside or in combination with or juxtaposed to an integral-based single vision eyeglass lens to provide an expansion of the depth of focus at the wearer's eye retina.

[0073] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the axicon may be a linear axicon defined by the following phase function described by Equation 1.

Equation

[0074] In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, the axicon may be a fourth-order axicon or a lensacon, and the fourth-order axicon or lensacon combined with the spectacle lens may be defined by the following phase function or optical path difference described in Equation 2.

Equation

[0075] In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, the axicon may be a logarithmic axicon, and the logarithmic axicon optical element combined with the spectacle lens may be defined by the following phase function or optical path difference (OPD) described in Equation 3.

Equation

[0076] Rotational symmetry is not a prerequisite for designing and manufacturing optical elements that can provide an extended, elongated, or wide depth of focus. In other embodiments, rotationally asymmetric elements, such as light sword optical elements, can also be advantageously configured in cooperation with spectacle lenses.

[0077] In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, the optical element may be a light sword element, and the light sword optical element combined with the spectacle lens may be defined by the following phase function or optical path difference (OPD) described in Equation 4.

Equation

[0078] In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, the optical element may be a light sword element, and the light sword element combined with the spectacle lens may be defined by the following phase function or optical path difference (OPD) described in Equation 5.

Equation

[0079] In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, the optical element may be an axilens, and the axilens associated with or combined with an integral-based single spectacle lens may be defined by the following phase function or optical path difference (OPD) described in Equation 6.

Equation

[0080] In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, the optical element may be an arbitrary decentered optical path difference called a single peacock eye optical element, which is an arbitrary decentered optical element configured inside an integral-based single spectacle lens or in cooperation with, in combination with, or juxtaposed to the spectacle lens, and may be defined by the following phase function or optical path difference (OPD) described in Equation 7.

Equation

[0081] In some other embodiments of the present disclosure, two individual peacock eye optical elements may be spatially multiplexed or appropriately combined to result in a double peacock eye optical element. Such a double peacock eye optical element may be used in cooperation with an integral-based spectacle single vision lens to provide an extension or elongation of a desired level of depth of focus. In the case of a double peacock eye optical element, the two optical elements are configured such that one focal segment of one peacock eye element is adjacent to the other while partially overlapping along the optical axis. Summing the lengths of the two focal segments of both individual peacock eye optical elements results in a very large depth of focus or an elongation of the depth of focus for correcting myopia when combined with an integral-based single vision lens. In the case of a double peacock eye optical element, the through-focus energy distribution benefits from two separate segments of good performance while maintaining acceptable performance at the center of the total focal segment where both focal components overlap.

[0082] As disclosed herein, when using a local single / double peacock eye optical element, the extension or elongation of the depth of focus obtained by the peacock eye-based element is smoother than that obtained using a conventional refractive or diffractive Fresnel lens, and there is no distinct valley of performance degradation.

[0083] In one or more embodiments of spectacle lenses combined with one or more of the contemplated optical elements such as axicons, axilenses, lensacons, logarithmic axicons, inverse axicons, inverse logarithmic axicons, light sword elements, and optionally eccentric optical element axes, the transmission function (T) of the spectacle lens is determined by the following equation set forth in Equation 8.

Equation

[0084] FIG. 1 shows an uncorrected -2D myopic model eye (100). When incident light (101) of a 0D version of the visible wavelength (e.g., 555 nm) is incident on the uncorrected myopic eye, the resulting image on the retina has a symmetric blur (102) due to defocus. This schematic diagram represents an on-axis geometric spot analysis in the retinal plane.

[0085] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an on-axis-through focus analysis in the retinal plane when the uncorrected (Rx: -2D) myopic model eye of FIG. 1 is corrected with an embodiment of the spectacle lens of the present disclosure.

[0086] Here, in this example, a linear axicon (203) combined with an integral single-vision-based spectacle lens (202) having a power of -2D is configured such that when incident light (201) of a visible wavelength of 0D (e.g., 555 nm) is incident on a corrected myopic eye, the resulting on-axis-through-focus point spread image (203) on the retina shows an expansion of the depth of focus on the retina of the corrected myopic eye. The on-axis-through-focus point spread image provided by one embodiment of the spectacle lens is further described using a plot (204), and the on-axis-through-focus intensity distribution remains substantially constant across the through-focus region on the retina, which is also referred to as an expansion, elongation, or broad range of the depth of focus. In some other embodiments of the present disclosure, multiple quartic axicons or multiple logarithmic axicons may be considered.

[0087] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an off-axis-through-focus analysis in the retinal plane when the uncorrected -2D myopic model eye of FIG. 1 is corrected with an embodiment of the spectacle lens of the present disclosure. Here, in this example, a linear axicon (303) combined with an integral single-vision-based spectacle lens (302) having a power of -2D is configured such that when off-axis incident light (301) of a visible wavelength of 0D (e.g., 555 nm) is incident on a corrected myopic eye, the resulting off-axis-through-focus point spread image on the retina (303) shows an expansion of the depth of focus.

[0088] The off-axis-through-focus point spread image provided by an embodiment of the spectacle lens is further described using a plot (304), and the off-axis-through-focus intensity distribution remains substantially constant across the through-focus region on the retina.

[0089] The intended local or auxiliary optical element used inside, in combination with, in cooperation with, or juxtaposed with the integral-based single-vision spectacle lens embodiments of FIGS. 2 and 3 is a linear axicon. However, this example should not be construed as limiting the scope.

[0090] In other embodiments, the contemplated partial or auxiliary optical elements can include axicons, axilenses, inverse axicons, linear axicons, forward linear axicons, rear linear axicons, logarithmic axicons, inverse logarithmic axicons, light saber elements, modified light saber elements, single peacock eye elements, double peacock eye elements, or combinations thereof to provide a desired extended or elongated depth of focus to the wearer's eye at a desired retinal location. In some embodiments, any of the contemplated partial or auxiliary optical elements may be configured to face forward or backward.

[0091] In some other embodiments, multiple optical elements may be used within an integral base single vision spectacle lens embodiment, or in combination with or juxtaposed to the spectacle lens embodiment, comprising multiple axicons, multiple linear axicons, multiple forward linear axicons, multiple rear axicons, multiple quartic axicons, multiple axilenses, multiple inverse axicons, multiple logarithmic axicons, multiple inverse logarithmic axicons, multiple light saber elements, multiple modified light saber elements, multiple modified light saber elements without distinct ridges / ledges / edges, multiple single peacock eye elements, multiple double peacock eye elements, multiple logarithmic axicons, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, any of the contemplated multiple partial or auxiliary optical elements may be configured to face forward or backward.

[0092] In FIGS. 1-3, a schematic model eye is selected for illustrative purposes. However, in other exemplary embodiments, instead of the simple model eye described above, a Liou-Brennan, Escudero-Navarro, or other schematic ray tracing model eye may be used.

[0093] Also, to assist in further simulations of the embodiments disclosed herein, the parameters of the cornea, lens, retina, ocular media, or combinations thereof may be varied.

[0094] As described herein, using a model eye having optical properties comparable to those of an average human eye, the in-situ (bench-top) performance of contemplated eyeglass embodiments having one or more of the following local or auxiliary optical elements, namely, a linear axicon, a quartic axicon, a logarithmic axicon, an axilens, a light sword element, a modified light sword element, a peacock eye element, or combinations thereof, may be evaluated. Design Example 1 of Exemplary Embodiments

[0095] Table 1 represents an exemplary myopic model eye. The optical simulations were performed using Optic Studio version 20.1 (Zemax, LLC, USA), although similar experiments may be performed using similar ray tracing algorithms.

[0096] In this example, a single wavelength of 589 nm was used for the optical calculations, although this modeling exercise could be easily extended to include any wavelength within the visible spectrum from 420 nm to 780 nm (including the end values).

[0097] The particular selected eye parameters of the exemplary myopic model eye should not be construed as limiting the scope. It should be regarded only as an example of an exhaustive list of modeling exercises available to those skilled in the art.

[0098] For example, different corneal shapes, anterior chamber depths, lens shapes, vitreous chamber depths, or retinal shapes may be considered. Further, although the exemplary embodiments are designed using standard CR39, this exercise may be contemplated for any other selected eyeglass material by those skilled in the art. [Table 1] Table 1: A myopic model eye with a prescription of -3DS, wearing an eyeglass lens consisting of one (axicon) of the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and conventional CR-39.

[0099] An odd-order aspheric surface was used to characterize the axicon surface (Example 1) configured on the front surface of the spectacle lens where sag(z) is represented by Equation 9.

Number

[0100] The coefficients of the seventh order used on the odd-order aspheric surface to represent the embodiment of the axicon mentioned in Design Example 1 are shown in the following table (Table 2).

Table 2

[0101] The optical transfer function is one of the scales used to evaluate the quality of the visual image formed on the retina of the model eye. In other embodiments, other methods for measuring the quality of the retinal image, such as the through-focus spot diagram, through-focus point spread function diagram, through-focus modulation transfer function, or through-focus phase transfer function as disclosed herein, etc., may be used to confirm the achieved level of the extended depth of focus.

[0102] Figure 4 shows the modulus of the on-axis - through-focus optical transfer function measured at a specific spatial frequency of 75 cycles / mm when an exemplary axicon embodiment (Example 1) is used in conjunction with an integral-based single-vision spectacle lens (in CR39 polymer material) to correct a myopic model eye as described in Table 1 of this specification.

[0103] The optical performance was evaluated with a 4-mm pupil, and the field angle selected for the performance evaluation was on-axis. As can be seen from Figure 4, the optical transfer function of the exemplary embodiment is a smooth optical transfer function from -0.3 mm (in front of the retina) to 0.1 mm (on or behind the retina), indicating that the desired extension of the depth of focus has been achieved on the retina of the model eye.

[0104] In other embodiments, the through-focus optical transfer function measurement may be examined at other spatial frequencies, for example, at 25 cycles / mm, at 50 cycles / mm, or at 100 cycles / mm. In some other examples, multiple spatial frequencies or bands of spatial frequencies may be examined to measure the performance of the disclosed embodiments.

[0105] In other embodiments, the performance evaluation may be examined at other, for example, at least 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, or 6 mm, pupil diameters. In some other examples, the performance may be evaluated at multiple pupil diameters in order to be considered to have satisfactory performance. In some other embodiments, the performance evaluation may be examined, for example, at an off-axis field of view of at least 5 degrees, at least 10 degrees, at least 15 degrees, or at least 20 degrees.

[0106] The exemplary embodiment described in Design Example 1 can be used at an isolated position, that is, at only one location of the integral-based spectacle lens, or can also be used at a plurality of desired locations of the integral-based spectacle lens.

[0107] For example, in some other embodiments, the desired location of the axicon embodiment may be configured across the pupil region, particularly close to the distance vision region, or in some other examples, the desired location of the axicon embodiment may be close to or completely included in the region used to view nearby objects through the integral-based spectacle lens.

[0108] The diameter of the exemplary embodiment (the axicon of Design Example 1) is 4 mm. However, in other embodiments, it is possible to reconfigure the coefficient that defines the axicon, for example, by creating another axicon element with a much smaller diameter such as 0.75 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, or 2 mm, in order to achieve the required level of expansion of the depth of focus on the retina. The preferred diameter of the exemplary embodiment disclosed herein is from 0.75 mm to 4 mm, from 0.75 mm to 2 mm, or from 0.75 mm to 3 mm.

[0109] The selected materials for designing Example 1 of the present disclosure have a refractive index of 1.56 (Table 1: surface axicon) and another adjacent low refractive index material of 1.498 (Table 1: surface cover and front surface). In this example, the axicon surface is sandwiched between a material with a lower refractive index and an integral base lens substrate. In various embodiments of the present disclosure, the lower the refractive index mismatch between the local or auxiliary optical element and the adjacent surface, the greater the variation in surface sag required to achieve the desired optical effect described in the present disclosure. For other embodiments, those skilled in the art can use other selected refractive materials to achieve similar results presented in the present disclosure. Any variation in the selection of materials adjacent to the local or auxiliary optical element and the desired refractive index mismatch is considered to be fully within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0110] In some other embodiments, the coefficients of the seven terms used to describe the odd aspheres representing the axicon embodiments of Design Example 1 may be composed of values within a preferred range.

Table 3

[0111] FIG. 5 shows some variations of embodiments of spectacle lenses combined with local or auxiliary optical elements contemplated in the present disclosure. For example, logarithmic axicons (Examples 501b and 502b) and light sword elements (503b) are combined with integral base single vision spectacle lenses (501, 502, and 503 respectively).

[0112] Some embodiments illustrate that the local or auxiliary optical element is juxtaposed with the front surface of the embodiment (502b), while some other local or auxiliary optical elements are juxtaposed with the back surface of the embodiment (501b).

[0113] Local or auxiliary optical embodiments that include a light sword element or a modified light sword element are preferably configured on the back surface of an integral base eyeglass lens to avoid the formation of ridges potentially becoming an aesthetic issue, i.e., being aesthetically unappealing or uncomfortable for the wearer. Further, considering a light sword element or a modified light sword element on the back surface facilitates the manufacture of a local or auxiliary optical element when the local or auxiliary optical element has a refractive index substantially different from that of the integral base lens. The preferred absolute refractive index mismatch or difference between the integral base lens and the auxiliary optical element may be configured between at least 0.02, at least 0.04, at least 0.06, at least 0.08, or at least 0.1. The smaller the refractive index mismatch, the greater the variation in the sag profile, and the easier it is to manufacture the features, and vice versa.

[0114] In some embodiments, the preferred embodiments may be determined by how a refractive logarithmic axicon that generates a quasi-diffraction-free beam having a substantially constant beam size and intensity over a predetermined range on the retina can be designed and manufactured.

[0115] For example, in some embodiments, the auxiliary or local optical element can be characterized by incoherent light and can demonstrate good correspondence with the predicted behavior of the intensity distribution and spot size on the retina. The through-focus energy distribution may be configured to be substantially constant over most of the designed range. Such a logarithmic axicon can provide a large depth of field and a uniform axial intensity or energy distribution over various regions of the retina, as described herein.

[0116] The local or auxiliary optical element combined with the eyeglass lens in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 5a comprises the logarithmic axicons (501b and 502b) and the light sword element (503b) disclosed herein.

[0117] In some embodiments, the implementation of a refractive logarithmic axicon within an integral-based spectacle lens may require direct laser writing using a femtosecond laser via two-photon polymerization of a resin, as described in the paper "Production of Integratable Monolithic Micro Logarithmic Axicon Lenses" by Lin et al. in Journal of Lightwave Technology, Volume 28(8) 2010 (which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). Embodiment (501b) shows a logarithmic axicon combined with the front surface, while embodiment (502b) shows a logarithmic axicon juxtaposed with the back surface, and embodiment (503b) shows an optical sword element configured in cooperation with the rear surface of the spectacle lens.

[0118] In some embodiments, the refractive logarithmic axicon may be configured in a forward configuration, and in some other embodiments, the refractive logarithmic axicon may be configured in a backward configuration.

[0119] In some other embodiments of the present disclosure, the combination of two logarithmic axicons having different topological or surface variations in different zones of the axicon spread may be considered to be implemented in combination with, and in cooperation with, a base integral single vision spectacle lens.

[0120] The combination of two logarithmic axicons is referred to herein as a vortex axicon. For example, the vortex axicon may be configured by using two logarithmic axicons, one on the front surface of the spectacle lens and the other on the back surface of the spectacle lens, such that their geometric centers are substantially aligned, in combination with an integral-based spectacle.

[0121] In some embodiments, an optical sword optical element, or a modified optical sword optical element, or a peacock eye optical element may require a continuous change in the instantaneous radius of curvature as a function of the azimuth angle about the geometric center of the local or auxiliary optical element.

[0122] When used inside an integral base spectacle lens or in cooperation with or juxtaposed to the front surface of the integral base spectacle lens, a local or auxiliary optical element may result in a ridge or ledge that protrudes outwardly from the front surface (512). This can be aesthetically unacceptable to the spectacle wearer or can be an unappealing design choice as it may attract dust and dirt during normal use.

[0123] In such cases, in order to address the drawbacks discussed herein, it may be contemplated to position a light sword element on the back surface of the spectacle lens.

[0124] In some embodiments, the following variables: the desired expansion of the depth of focus achievable by the optical element; the manufacturability of the surface of the optical element; and the refractive index gradient between adjacent surfaces; may influence the choice of whether the contemplated optical element should be used in cooperation with the front surface, the back surface, or the matrix of the spectacle lens material. In some embodiments, the contemplated optical element may be used in cooperation with both the front and back spectacle surfaces, while in some other embodiments, the element may be incorporated within the matrix of the material.

[0125] In some embodiments, the required power variation in a modified light sword element or peacock eye element may be too small to measure in terms of the desired radius of curvature change at the surface for manufacturing at an acceptable accuracy level. In such cases, it may be contemplated to position the light sword element in cooperation with the back of the spectacle.

[0126] A smaller refractive index gradient between refractive surfaces makes it easier to achieve the small but desired instantaneous curvature change of the light sword element.

[0127] In yet another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a spectacle lens comprising an axicon and / or a light sword element implemented to control the refractive focus of incident light on the spectacle lens may be contemplated. The integral-based spectacle lens in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5a, in combination with local and auxiliary optical elements, comprises a plurality of axicons, logarithmic axicons, and light sword elements.

[0128] In some embodiments, for example, to optimize a desired level of depth of focus, the surface of the axicon, logarithmic axicon, or light sword element may be further defined by a Q-type aspheric surface.

[0129] Specific details of the Q-type aspheric surface are described in the following paper, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety: Forbes, "Shape specification for axially symmetric optical surfaces", Optics Express (2007), Volume (15), Issue (8).

[0130] In some other embodiments of the contemplated disclosure, additional surfaces are contemplated on the linear axicon, logarithmic axicon, or light sword element, for example, aspheric, odd-order aspheric, extended odd polynomials, extended even polynomials, conic sections, bi-conic sections, toric surfaces, Bessel functions, Jacobi polynomial expansions, or base surfaces defined by combinations thereof.

[0131] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, an integral-based single vision spectacle lens comprises auxiliary optical element(s) configured to have an angular modulation of the phase transmittance (FIG. 5a). The functionality of the local or auxiliary optical element is further described in FIG. 5b.

[0132] The axicon and light sword element-based optical elements are well-suited for extended depth of focus applications because they focus light into a focal line segment. In the case of the light sword element, the angular variation of the phase transmittance results in dioptric independence with respect to pupil changes.

[0133] Centering on the geometric center (511) of the optical element, by intentionally configuring the gradient of the instantaneous radius of curvature as a function of the angular coordinates, a range (ΔF) of the depth of focus with respect to the focus (F) is produced, as described in FIG. 5b. The rate of change of the instantaneous radius of curvature as a function of the angular coordinates can be manipulated according to the required design needs, for example, the required level of expansion of the depth of focus in diopters.

[0134] In an exemplary embodiment, the integral-based spectacle lens comprises an auxiliary or local optical element, and the optical element may be an arbitrarily decentered optical element called a single-peacock-eye optical element (520), as disclosed in FIG. 5c. The decentered optical element is configured to have an optical path difference described by Equation 7.

[0135] The functionality of this local or auxiliary single-peacock-eye optical element (520) is further described in FIG. 5c, and the incident plane wave of light is focused onto the focal segment 523 with respect to the focal length F. In this case, the diameter of the optical element is "d", and there is a varying optical path difference between the horizontal meridian 521 and the vertical meridian 522.

[0136] In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, two arbitrarily decentered optical elements may be superimposed to construct a double-peacock-eye element (530). The functionality of this local or auxiliary double-peacock-eye optical element (530) is further described in FIG. 5d, and the incident plane wave of light is focused onto the focal segment 533 with respect to the focal length F. In this case, the diameter of the optical element is "d", and there is a varying optical path difference between the horizontal meridian 531 and the vertical meridian 532.

[0137] In this example, the total length of the focal segment produced by the double-peacock-eye element is the sum of the individual focal segments provided by the single-peacock-eye element, which is its component element.

[0138] In some embodiments, the intentionally configured variations in the radius of curvature may be optimized such that a depth of focus of at least 0.5D, at least 1D, at least 1.5D, at least 2D, or at least 2.5D is obtained. The greater the discrepancy between the maximum instantaneous radius of curvature and the minimum instantaneous radius of curvature within the local optical element, the greater the observed shape discontinuity.

[0139] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, alternative options for avoiding significant shape discontinuities are proposed by considering the specific optical profiles disclosed herein. The local or auxiliary optical elements combined with the integral-based monofocal spectacle lens in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 are limited to two different regions or zones on the spectacle lens.

[0140] In this example, the zone (601) corresponding to the prescription for seeing distant viewing distances covers the pupil of the spectacle wearer in primary gaze. Another zone (602) corresponding to seeing near viewing distances covers the pupil of the spectacle wearer in downward nasal gaze (i.e., downward and inward towards the nose 604).

[0141] In this example, the zone (603) is a zone with a distance prescription where there is no or substantially no local or auxiliary optical element with an intended extended depth of focus, or lacking or substantially lacking the same. This is one of the intended designs of the present disclosure. In some other embodiments of the present disclosure, only one local or auxiliary optical element may be combined with the integral-based monofocal spectacle lens in each of these zones or regions (distant and / or near).

[0142] In yet another embodiment, a plurality of optical elements may be configured in each of these said distance and / or near zones (i.e., distant and / or near zones).

[0143] In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the spectacle lens may have two separate regions, a distance correction zone and a near correction zone, that can be substantially aligned with the wearer's pupil center while the wearer is looking at a distance viewing distance and a near viewing distance, respectively.

[0144] In some examples, the separate regions for distance vision correction and near vision correction may have one or more local or auxiliary optical elements that provide an extended depth of focus at the retinal level of the spectacle wearer, as disclosed herein.

[0145] The local or auxiliary optical elements combined with the integral-based single vision spectacle lens in the embodiment shown in FIG. 7 are positioned in different arrangements that extend across the integral-based single vision spectacle lens. For example, the left lens (701) of the spectacle embodiment described in FIG. 7 has a particular arrangement of a substantially circular optical element (705) centered on the optical center.

[0146] On the other hand, the right lens (702) of the spectacle embodiment described in FIG. 7 includes a hexagonal optical element (706) arranged substantially across the horizontal meridian of the spectacle lens. As described above, the zone (703) is a zone configured with a base distance prescription that has no or substantially no intended extended depth of focus optical element, or lacks or substantially lacks the same. Prior art design

[0147] To show the improvements of the present disclosure over the prior art described using defocus-based lenslets, for example, the defocus incorporated multi-segment spectacle lens disclosed in prior art US10268050B2, the performance of the prior art lens is described in a specific experimental setting and compared with the results obtained in embodiments of the present disclosure under the same experimental setting.

[0148] FIG. 8 shows a prior art spectacle lens (800) designed using defocus-based lenslets. The base spectacle lens (801) is designed to have twelve defocus-based lenslets (802) arranged in a particular configuration.

[0149] In this example, a particular arrangement of defocus-based microlenses (FIG. 8, 800) can be described as two sets characterized by a fixed distance from the optical center (804).

[0150] In this example, four defocus-based microlenses of the first set are configured within a fixed radius (806) of about 3 mm from the optical center (804). On the other hand, eight defocus-based microlenses (807) of the second set are configured within a fixed radius of about 6 mm from the optical center (804).

[0151] In this example, the four defocus-based microlenses of the first set are spaced apart from the immediately adjacent microlens by about 90 degrees as measured about the optical center (804). The eight defocus-based microlenses of the second set are spaced apart from the immediately adjacent microlens by about 45 degrees as measured about the optical center (804). The diameter of the spectacle lens is about 50 mm.

[0152] In this example, the diameter (805) of each of the defocus-based microlenses configured on the front surface of the spectacle lens is about 2 mm. A surrounding region (803) with a diameter of about 4 mm is selected around the defocus-based microlenses of the prior art spectacle lens and this is used to describe its optical characteristics. This surrounding region is taken as representative for all twelve microlenses of the prior art spectacle lens.

[0153] In this example, the power profile of the surrounding region (803) of the prior art spectacle lens is shown in FIG. 9 (900). In this example, the total diameter (903) of the surrounding region is about 4 mm. The defocus incorporation region (902) of the prior art spectacle lens is about 2 mm in diameter. The base prescription of the prior art spectacle lens shown at 901 is about -3D, and the defocus incorporation region 902 is incorporated with a spherical refractive power of about +3D with respect to the base prescription. The prior art spectacle lens described above comprises a plurality of defocus incorporation multi-segment regions as described in FIG. 9.

[0154] In this example, the residual sag profile of the surrounding region (803) of the prior art spectacle lens is further shown in FIG. 10. The residual sag is obtained by subtracting the sag of the base curvature radius of the front surface of the spectacle lens. The residual sag profile (1002) (in mm) is plotted as a function of the diameter (1001) (in mm) of the surrounding region.

[0155] In this example, the total diameter (1001) of the surrounding region is about 4 mm. The defocus incorporation region of the prior art spectacle lens is about 2 mm in diameter. In this example, in order to provide a desired amount of defocus (1003), a variation of about 2 microns is required in the residual sag. In this example, the geometric center of the surrounding region (803) of interest is considered as the reference.

[0156] The residual sag profile of the entire prior art spectacle lens along the horizontal axis, as described in FIG. 8, is shown in FIG. 11. As can be seen from FIG. 8, there are four defocus incorporation multi-segment regions along the horizontal direction (x-axis). The residual sag profile (1102) of the multi-segment region as a function of the diameter (1101) can be seen from FIG. 11. The geometric center of the surrounding region (1103) of interest is considered as the reference.

[0157] The prior art spectacle lens described in FIGS. 8 to 11, consisting of a -3D base prescription and twelve defocus incorporation elements each having a relative addition power of +3D, was used to correct the schematic myopia (Rx: -3D) in Table 1.

[0158] The prior art base spectacle lens has a front surface curvature radius of 1000 mm, a back surface curvature radius of 142 mm, and a center thickness of 1.5 mm, and the spectacle lens was designed with a CR-39 polymer.

[0159] In some other examples of the present disclosure, various other suitable front surface radii of curvature, center thicknesses, and material selections may be considered. FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram depicting the wide-angle through-focus retinal image point spread as a spot diagram when incident light having a visible wavelength (589 nm) and a 0D version representing optical infinity is incident on a -3D model myopic eye of Table 1. The optical performance was evaluated with a pupil diameter of 4 mm. As can be seen, the on-axis through-focus optical performance results in an in-focus image on the retina and out-of-focus images immediately before and after the retina, as described in line 1201. Lines 1202-1205 represent the off-axis performance of a prior art spectacle lens used in conjunction with the model myopic eye, representing four respective angles of view (in degrees), namely (0, 10), (0, -10), (10, 0), and (-10, 0). The five columns in FIG. 12 represent various positions in the anterior-posterior direction of the retina, namely, the first column (-0.7 mm, in front of the retina), the second column (-0.35 mm, in front of the retina), the third column (0 mm, on the retina), the fourth column (0.35 mm, behind the retina), and the fifth column (0.7 mm, behind the retina).

[0160] As seen in the first column of lines 1202-1205, the spot diagram reveals an in-focus sub-region within the overall blur substantially detected in front of the retina (-0.7 mm, in front of the retina). FIG. 13 shows the modulus of the off-axis through-focus optical transfer function when correcting the -3D model myopic eye of Table 1 using a prior art spectacle lens having a base prescription (Rx: -3D) and a plurality of defocus segments.

[0161] The through-focus optical transfer function was determined with a pupil of 4 mm and an angle of view of 10 degrees. As can be seen, the off-axis through-focus performance of the prior art spectacle lens is a bimodal performance with a peak (1301) formed substantially on the retina and other peaks (1302) substantially in front of the retina. Furthermore, the off-axis through-focus performance forms a substantial valley or trough between the two performance peaks. This is not desirable for optimal visual function. Design Example 2 of Exemplary Embodiments

[0162] FIG. 14 shows a spectacle lens (1400) of an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure intentionally configured in combination with a plurality of local or auxiliary optical elements, where the optical elements are configured using modified light sword optical elements that are specially designed not to produce a distinct ledge, or ridge, or edge at the interface of the local or auxiliary optical elements adjacent to the integral base spectacle lens.

[0163] In this example, the particular arrangement (FIGS. 14, 1400) of the plurality of local or auxiliary optical elements incorporated within the integral base spectacle lens can be described as two sets characterized by a fixed distance from the optical center (1404). The first set of four local or auxiliary optical modified light sword elements is configured within a fixed radius (1406) of approximately 3 mm from the optical center (1404), while the second set of eight local or auxiliary modified light sword optical elements (1407) is configured within a fixed radius of approximately 6 mm from the optical center (1404). The first set of four local or auxiliary modified light sword optical elements is spaced apart from the immediately adjacent local optical element by approximately 90 degrees, measured about the optical center (1404). The second set of local or auxiliary modified light sword optical elements is spaced apart from the immediately adjacent local optical element by approximately 45 degrees, measured about the optical center (1404). The diameter of the spectacle lens is approximately 50 mm.

[0164] In this example, the diameter (1405) of each of the local or auxiliary modified light sword optical elements formed on the front surface of the spectacle lens is approximately 2 mm. A surrounding region (1403) with a diameter of approximately 4 mm is selected around the local or auxiliary modified light sword optical element, and this is used to describe its optical properties. This surrounding region is representative for all 12 local or auxiliary modified light sword optical elements of the spectacle lens embodiment of the present disclosure. The integral base spectacle lens of the present disclosure is configured to have a front surface radius of curvature of 1000 mm, a back surface radius of curvature of 142 mm, and a center thickness of 1.5 mm, and the integral base spectacle lens is designed using a CR-39 polymer. The diameter of the integral base spectacle lens in this example was 30 mm.

[0165] In this example, the power profile of the surrounding region (1403) of the spectacle lens embodiment of the present disclosure is further shown in FIG. 15. In this example, the total diameter (1503) of the surrounding region is approximately 4 mm. The modified light sword element within the local or auxiliary modified light sword optical element (1502) has a diameter of approximately 2 mm.

[0166] In this example, the integral base spectacle lens (1501) has a power of approximately -3D, and the local or auxiliary modified light sword optical element 1502 is incorporated with a power profile that varies in an angular segment measured about the geometric center of the local element with respect to the base prescription, as shown in FIG. 15.

[0167] In this example, the residual sag profile of the surrounding region (1403) of the spectacle lens of the embodiment is further shown in FIG. 16. The residual sag is obtained by subtracting the sag of the fundamental radius of curvature of the front surface of the integral base spectacle lens. The residual sag profile (1602) (in mm) is plotted as a function of the diameter (1601) (in mm) of the surrounding region.

[0168] In this example, the total diameter (1601) of the surrounding region is approximately 4 mm. The modified light sword element region of the spectacle lens of the embodiment has a diameter of approximately 2 mm.

[0169] In this example, to provide a desired amount of power variation centered on the geometric center of the local or auxiliary corrective liquid optical element (1503), an asymmetric sag change (1603) of approximately 3 microns in the horizontal direction (0 degrees) and a symmetric sag change (1604) of 2 microns in the vertical (90 degrees) / perpendicular direction are required.

[0170] The remaining sag profile of the entire spectacle lens of the embodiment along the horizontal axis is further shown in FIG. 17. As can be seen from FIG. 14, there are four corrective liquid optical elements configured along the horizontal direction (x-axis). The remaining sag profile (1702) (in mm) of the corrective liquid element as a function of the diameter (1701) (in mm) can be seen from FIG. 17. The geometric center of the target surrounding region (1703) is considered as the reference.

[0171] FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram depicting the wide-angle through-focus retinal image point spread as a spot diagram when incident light having a visible wavelength (589 nm) and a vergence of 0 D is incident on a -3D model myopic eye of Table 1 when corrected with the disclosed embodiment described in FIG. 14. The optical performance was evaluated at a pupil diameter of 4 mm.

[0172] As can be seen, the on-axis through-focus optical performance results in an in-focus image on the retina and out-of-focus images immediately before and after the retina, as described in row 1801. Rows 1802 - 1805 represent the off-axis performance of the spectacle lens of the embodiment used in conjunction with the model myopic eye, representing four angles of view (in degrees), namely (0, 10), (0, -10), (10, 0), and (-10, 0), respectively.

[0173] The five columns in FIG. 18 represent various positions in the anterior-posterior direction of the retina, namely, the first column (-0.7 mm, in front of the retina), the second column (-0.35 mm, in front of the retina), the third column (0 mm, on the retina), the fourth column (0.35 mm, behind the retina), and the fifth column (0.7 mm, behind the retina), respectively.

[0174] As can be seen in the first column of rows 1802-1805, the spot diagram reveals sub-regions of in-focus linear segments within the overall blur detected substantially in front of the retina (-0.7 mm and -0.3 mm, in front of the retina).

[0175] FIG. 19 shows the modulus of the off-axis-through-focus optical transfer function when correcting the -3D model myopic eye of Table 1 using a spectacle lens of an embodiment of a base prescription (Rx: -3D) configured using a plurality of modified optical fiber elements.

[0176] The through-focus optical transfer function was determined with a pupil of 4 mm and an angular field of view of 10 degrees. As can be seen, the off-axis-through-focus performance of the spectacle lens of the embodiment is different from the performance of the prior art design of Example 1 (FIG. 13) and is not a bimodal performance.

[0177] The distance peak (1901) formed approximately on the retina has an elongated arm (1902) of optical performance indicating an extension of the depth of focus in the direction representing an image substantially in front of the retina.

[0178] Different from the performance obtained in the prior art spectacle lens embodiment (FIG. 13), the off-axis-through-focus performance does not form a substantial valley or trough and does not form distinct performance peaks observed in conventional bifocal lenses. This improvement measured as the optical performance for the model model eye is proposed to be a significant and meaningful improvement in visual function for myopic eyes wearing the exemplary embodiments described herein compared to prior art lenses. Further, the improvement measured as the optical performance for the model model eye is proposed to also improve overall tolerance. Design Example 3 of the Exemplary Embodiment

[0179] Figure 20 shows a spectacle lens (2000) of the present disclosure designed in combination with a plurality of local or auxiliary optical elements, where the optical elements are configured using another variant of the modified light sword optical element, and the local or auxiliary modified light sword optical element is specially designed not to produce a distinct ledge, or ridge, or edge at the interface of the local or auxiliary optical element adjacent to the integral base spectacle lens.

[0180] In this example, the particular arrangement (Figure 20, 2000) of the plurality of local or auxiliary modified light sword optical elements incorporated within the integral base spectacle lens can be described as two sets characterized by a fixed distance from the optical center (2004). The four local or auxiliary modified light sword optical elements of the first set are configured within a fixed radius (2006) of approximately 3 mm from the optical center (2004), while the eight local or auxiliary modified light sword optical elements of the second set are configured within a fixed radius (2005) of approximately 6 mm from the optical center (2004). The four local or auxiliary modified light sword optical elements of the first set are spaced apart from the immediately adjacent local optical element by approximately 90 degrees as measured about the optical center (2004). The eight local or auxiliary modified light sword optical elements of the second set are spaced apart from the immediately adjacent local optical element by approximately 45 degrees as measured about the optical center (2004). The diameter of the spectacle lens is approximately 30 mm.

[0181] In this example, the diameter of each of the local or auxiliary modified light sword optical elements (2002) configured on the front surface of the spectacle lens is approximately 2 mm. A surrounding region (2003) with a diameter of approximately 4 mm is selected around the local or auxiliary modified light sword optical element and used to describe its optical characteristics. This surrounding region is representative for all twelve local or auxiliary modified light sword optical elements of the embodiment of the spectacle lens of the present disclosure. The integral base spectacle lens of the present disclosure is configured to have a front surface radius of curvature of 1000 mm, a back surface radius of curvature of 142 mm, and a center thickness of 1.5 mm, and the integral base spectacle lens is designed using a CR-39 polymer. The diameter of the integral base spectacle lens in this example was 30 mm.

[0182] In this example, the power profile of the surrounding region (2003) of the spectacle lens embodiment of the present disclosure is further shown in FIG. 21. In this example, the total diameter (2103) of the surrounding region is about 4 mm. Another variant of the modified optical cord element within the local or auxiliary optical element (2102) is about 2 mm in diameter. The integral base spectacle lens (2101) has a power of about -3D, and the local or auxiliary modified optical cord optical element 2102 is incorporated with a power profile that varies in an angular segment measured about the geometric center of the local element with respect to the base prescription, as shown in FIG. 21.

[0183] In this example, the residual sag profile of the surrounding region (2003) of the spectacle lens of the embodiment is further shown in FIG. 22. The residual sag is obtained by subtracting the sag of the base curvature radius of the front surface of the integral base spectacle lens. The residual sag profile (2202) (in mm) is plotted as a function of the diameter (2201) (in mm) of the surrounding region. In this example, the total diameter of the surrounding region (2201) is about 4 mm. This variant of the local or auxiliary modified optical cord optical element of the spectacle lens embodiment is about 2 mm in diameter. In this example, an asymmetric sag change of about 3 microns in the horizontal and vertical directions (0 and 90 degrees) (2203 and 2204) is required to provide a desired amount of power variation about the geometric center of the local or auxiliary modified optical cord optical element (2103).

[0184] The residual sag profile of the entire spectacle lens of the embodiment along the horizontal axis is further shown in FIG. 23. As can be seen from FIG. 20, there are four modified optical cord optical elements configured along the horizontal direction (x-axis). The residual sag profile (2302) of the modified optical cord element as a function of the diameter (2301) can be seen from FIG. 23. The geometric center of the surrounding region (2303) of the object is considered as the reference.

[0185] FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram depicting, as a spot diagram, the wide-angle through-focus retinal image point spread when incident light having a visible wavelength (589 nm) and a vergence of 0 D is incident on a -3D model myopic eye of Table 1 when corrected with the disclosed embodiment described in FIG. 20. The optical performance was evaluated with a pupil diameter of 4 mm.

[0186] As can be seen, the on-axis through-focus optical performance results in an in-focus image on the retina and out-of-focus images immediately before and after the retina, as described in row 2401. Rows 2402 - 2405 represent the off-axis performance of the spectacle lenses of the embodiment used in conjunction with the model myopic eye, representing four angles of view (in degrees), namely (0, 10), (0, -10), (10, 0), and (-10, 0), respectively. The five columns of FIG. 24 represent various positions in the anterior-posterior direction of the retina, namely, the first column (-0.7 mm, in front of the retina), the second column (-0.35 mm, in front of the retina), the third column (0 mm, on the retina), the fourth column (0.35 mm, behind the retina), and the fifth column (0.7 mm, behind the retina).

[0187] As seen in the first column of rows 2402 - 2405, the spot diagram reveals a sub-region of an in-focus arcuate segment within the overall blur detected substantially in front of the retina (-0.7 mm and -0.3 mm, in front of the retina).

[0188] FIG. 25 shows the modulus of the off-axis through-focus optical transfer function when correcting a 3D model myopic eye of Table 1 using a spectacle lens of an embodiment configured with a plurality of modified light sword elements and having a base prescription (Rx: -3D). The through-focus optical transfer function was determined with a pupil of 4 mm and an angle of view of 10 degrees.

[0189] As can be seen, the off-axis-through focus performance of the spectacle lens of the embodiment is not a bimodal performance, unlike the performance of the prior art design of Example 1 (FIG. 13). The distance peak (2501) formed substantially on the retina has an elongated arm (2502) of optical performance showing an elongation of the depth of focus in a direction substantially representing an image in front of the retina. Unlike the performance obtained with prior art spectacle lens embodiments (FIG. 13), the off-axis-through focus performance does not form a substantial valley or trough and does not form distinct performance peaks as observed with conventional bifocal lenses.

[0190] This improvement measured as optical performance for a schematic model eye is proposed to be interpreted as a significant and meaningful improvement in visual function for myopic eyes wearing the exemplary embodiments described herein compared to prior art lenses. Further, the improvement measured as optical performance for a schematic model eye is proposed to also improve overall tolerance. Design Example 4 of the Exemplary Embodiment

[0191] FIG. 26 shows an example of a spectacle lens of the present disclosure configured in combination with a plurality of local or auxiliary forward linear axicon optical elements, where about 8 local or auxiliary linear axicon optical elements are configured in a circular arrangement centered on the optical center of the spectacle lens. In this example, the 8 local or auxiliary linear axicon optical elements are configured within a fixed radius of about 3.5 mm from the optical center of the spectacle lens. The circularly arranged local or auxiliary linear axicon optical elements are each spaced about 45 degrees from the geometric center of its adjacent optical element as measured about the optical axis of the spectacle lens. In this example, the diameter (2605) of each of the local or auxiliary linear axicon optical elements configured on the front surface of the spectacle lens is about 1.5 mm. A surrounding region (2603) with a diameter of about 3 mm is selected around the local or auxiliary linear axicon optical element to describe its surface characteristics. The selected surrounding region is representative for all 8 local or auxiliary linear axicon optical elements of the spectacle lens embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0192] In this example, the integral-based spectacle lens of the present disclosure is configured to have a front surface radius of curvature of 1000 mm, a back surface radius of curvature of 142 mm, and a central thickness of 1.5 mm in CR39 material, and the integral-based spectacle lens was designed using a CR-39 polymer. The diameter of the integral-based spectacle lens in this example was 30 mm. Each of the local or auxiliary forward linear axicon optical elements in this example was configured as a forward linear axicon using an asphericity (Q, conic constant) of -500 and an extremely steep radius of curvature of 0.1 mm, which are defined with respect to the fundamental base front surface spherical radius.

[0193] In this example, the front surface of the embodiment of the spectacle lens incorporating the local or auxiliary linear axicon optical element was coated with a second material different from the integral-based spectacle lens CR39 material having a refractive index of 1.4. The refractive index mismatch between the local or auxiliary linear axicon optical element configured on the front surface and the coating is approximately 0.1. The remaining sag profile of the entire spectacle lens of the embodiment along the horizontal axis is further shown in FIG. 27. As can be seen from FIG. 26, there are two local or auxiliary linear axicon optical elements configured along the horizontal direction (x-axis) of the embodiment of the spectacle lens. The remaining sag profile (2702) (unit: mm) of the local or auxiliary linear axicon optical element as a function of the diameter (2701) (unit: mm) can be seen from FIG. 27. The geometric center of the surrounded area (2703) of the object is considered as the reference. The radius of curvature of the front surface of the spectacle was removed to obtain the remaining sag profile of the local or auxiliary linear axicon optical element.

[0194] FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram depicting, as a spot diagram, the wide-angle through-focus retinal image point spread when incident light having a visible wavelength (555 nm) and a 0D version indicating optical infinity is incident on a -3D model myopic model eye of Table 1 when corrected with the disclosed embodiment described in FIG. 27. The optical performance was evaluated at a pupil diameter of 2.55 mm. As can be seen, the on-axis through-focus optical performance results in an in-focus image on the retina and out-of-focus images immediately before and after the retina, as described in row 2801. Row 2802 represents the off-axis performance of the spectacle lens of the embodiment used in conjunction with the model myopic model eye and represents the (0, 12.5 degrees) angular field of view.

[0195] In this example, the five columns of FIG. 28 represent various positions in the anterior-posterior direction of the retina, namely, the first column (-0.5 mm, in front of the retina), the second column (-0.25 mm, in front of the retina), the third column (0 mm, on the retina), the fourth column (0.25 mm, behind the retina), and the fifth column (0.5 mm, behind the retina).

[0196] As can be seen from 2802, a relatively laterally constant ring-shaped intensity profile is obtained for the off-axis incident plane wave passing through the combination of the local or auxiliary linear axicon optical element and the integral-based spectacle lens.

[0197] In this example, the relatively constant lateral size and relatively constant intensity profile or relatively constant energy distribution observed in the off-axis through-focus region of reference numeral 2802 is an alternative measure of the extended depth of focus provided by the local or auxiliary linear axicon optical element combined with the integral-based spectacle lens on the retina of the model model eye.

[0198] In other embodiments, when the linear or logarithmic axicons are local or auxiliary optical elements combined with an integral-based spectacle lens, they may produce a substantially non-diffractive constant beam size and a relatively constant intensity over a predetermined focal region on the wearer's retina. A substantially uniform or substantially near-uniform on-axis intensity over the desired through-focus region with respect to the retina may provide a stop signal to a progressive myope. As seen in the example, the resulting front or rear linear axicon combined with an integral-based spectacle lens produces a ring-shaped light distribution pattern having a substantially similar width and intensity pattern over a substantial through-focus region of the retina. Design Example 5 of Exemplary Embodiments

[0199] FIG. 29 shows an example of a spectacle lens of the present disclosure configured in combination with a plurality of local or auxiliary rear linear axicon optical elements, where approximately eight local or auxiliary linear axicon optical elements are configured in a circular arrangement centered on the optical center of the spectacle lens.

[0200] In this example, eight local or auxiliary linear axicon optical elements are configured within a fixed radius of approximately 2.25 mm from the optical center of the spectacle lens. The circularly arranged local or auxiliary rear linear axicon optical elements are each spaced approximately 45 degrees from the geometric center of its adjacent optical element, measured about the optical axis of the spectacle lens. In this example, the diameter (2905) of each of the local or auxiliary linear axicon optical elements configured on the back surface of the spectacle lens is approximately 0.75 mm. A surrounding region (2903) with a diameter of approximately 3 mm is selected around the local or auxiliary linear axicon optical element to describe its surface characteristics. The selected surrounding region is representative for all eight local or auxiliary linear axicon optical elements present in the spectacle lens embodiment of the present disclosure. In this example, the integral base spectacle lens of the present disclosure is configured to have a front surface curvature radius of 1000 mm, a back surface curvature radius of 142 mm, and a center thickness of 1.5 mm in CR39 material, and the integral base spectacle lens is designed using a CR-39 polymer. The diameter of the integral base spectacle lens in this example was 35 mm.

[0201] In this example, each of the local or auxiliary optical elements of this example was configured as an axicon on the back surface of the glasses, using an asphericity (Q, conic constant) of -2000 and an extremely steep radius of curvature of 0.1 mm, both defined with respect to the base back surface spherical radius. In this example, since the front surface of the embodiment of the spectacle lens incorporating the local or auxiliary linear axicon optical element protruded into the material matrix of the spectacle lens, no special or additional coating was considered. The remaining sag profile of the entire spectacle lens of the embodiment along the horizontal axis is further shown in FIG. 30. As can be seen from FIG. 29, there are two local or auxiliary linear axicon optical elements configured along the horizontal direction (x-axis) of the spectacle lens embodiment. The remaining sag profile (3002) (in mm) of the local or auxiliary linear axicon optical element as a function of the diameter (3001) (in mm) can be seen from FIG. 30. The geometric center of the target surrounding region (3003) is considered as the reference. The radius of curvature of the back surface of the glasses was removed to obtain the remaining sag profile of the local or auxiliary linear axicon optical element.

[0202] FIG. 31 is a schematic diagram depicting the wide-angle through-focus retinal image point spread as a spot diagram when incident light having a visible wavelength (555 nm) and a 0D vergence indicating optical infinity is incident on a -3D model myopic eye of Table 1 when corrected with the disclosed embodiment described in FIG. 29. The optical performance was evaluated with a pupil diameter of 2.5 mm.

[0203] As can be seen, the on-axis through-focus optical performance results in an in-focus image on the retina and out-of-focus images immediately before and after the retina, as described in row 3101. Row 3102 represents the off-axis performance of the spectacle lens of the embodiment used in conjunction with the model myopic eye and represents a (0, 30 degrees) field angle. The five columns in FIG. 31 represent various positions in the front-to-back direction of the retina, namely, the first column (-0.5 mm, in front of the retina), the second column (-0.25 mm, in front of the retina), the third column (0 mm, on the retina), the fourth column (0.25 mm, behind the retina), and the fifth column (0.5 mm, behind the retina).

[0204] In this example, as can be seen from 3102, a relatively laterally constant ring-shaped intensity profile is obtained for an off-axis incident plane wave passing through the combination of the local rear linear axicon optical element and the integral base spectacle lens.

[0205] In this example, the relatively constant lateral size and relatively constant intensity profile or relatively constant energy distribution observed in the off-axis-through-focus region of reference numeral 3102 is an alternative measure of the extension of the depth of focus provided by the local or auxiliary rear linear axicon optical element in combination with the integral base spectacle lens on the retina of the schematic model eye.

[0206] As seen in the example, the resulting front or rear linear axicon combined with the integral base spectacle lens produces a ring-shaped light distribution pattern having substantially the same width and intensity pattern over a substantial through-focus region of the retina. Other variations of Examples 1-4

[0207] In some other embodiments, the arrangement of the local or auxiliary optical element on the spectacle lens may be circular, non-circular, semi-circular, annular, oval, rectangular, octagonal, hexagonal, random, or square in shape to introduce a desired level of extension of the depth of focus at different desired locations on the retina of the wearer's eye and to generate a desired stop signal for progressive myopia.

[0208] In certain embodiments, the plurality of local or auxiliary optical elements configured together with, in combination with, or juxtaposed with the integral base spectacle lens may include various combinations of the auxiliary optical elements disclosed herein. For example, in one embodiment, the plurality of front / rear axicons may be combined with a plurality of light sword or modified light sword elements. In another exemplary embodiment, the plurality of front / rear axicons may be combined with single or double peacock eye elements.

[0209] In certain embodiments, a plurality of local or auxiliary optical elements configured together with, in combination with, or juxtaposed with an integral base eyeglass lens may be arranged differently along different regions of the eyeglass lens or differently between the right and left eyes.

[0210] In certain embodiments, the center-to-center distance between one or more local or auxiliary optical elements combined with an eyeglass lens may be at least 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, or combinations thereof. In some other embodiments, the center-to-center distance between one or more local or auxiliary optical elements combined with an eyeglass lens may be 0.5 - 5 mm, 1 - 3 mm, 2 - 5 mm, 3 - 5 mm, or combinations thereof.

[0211] In some other embodiments, the diameter of a local or auxiliary optical element on an eyeglass lens may be at least 0.75 mm, 1 mm, 1.25 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.75 mm, or 2 mm. In some other embodiments, the diameter of a local or auxiliary optical element on an eyeglass lens may be 0.75 mm - 1.5 mm, 1.25 mm - 1.75 mm, 1 mm - 2 mm.

[0212] In some other embodiments, the surface area of any of the local or auxiliary optical elements on an eyeglass lens may be at least 1.75 square mm, 2 square mm, 2.25 square mm, 2.5 square mm, 2.75 square mm, 3 square mm, 3.25 square mm, or 3.5 square mm.

[0213] In some other embodiments, the diameter of a local or auxiliary optical element on an eyeglass lens may be 1.75 square mm - 2.5 square mm, 2.25 square mm - 2.75 square mm, 1.75 square mm - 3.5 square mm.

[0214] In some other embodiments, the total surface area of substantially all local or auxiliary optical elements on the spectacle lens may be less than 10%, 12.5%, 15%, 17.5%, 20%, 22.5%, 25%, 27.5% or 30% of the total surface area of the spectacle lens or the spectacle lens blank. In other embodiments, the total surface area of substantially all local or auxiliary optical elements on the spectacle lens may be 10% - 20%, 10% - 15%, 15% - 25%, 10% - 20% of the total surface area of the spectacle lens or the spectacle lens blank.

[0215] In certain embodiments, the induced expansion or elongation of the depth of focus (i.e., the stop signal) configured within the spectacle lens in conjunction with at least one local or auxiliary optical element may be at least +0.5D, +0.75D, +1D, +1.25D, +1.5D, +1.75D, +2D, or +2.5D.

[0216] In certain embodiments, the induced expansion or elongation of the depth of focus configured within the spectacle lens in conjunction with at least one local or auxiliary optical element may be +0.5D - +1D, +0.5D - +1.5D, +0.5D - +2D, or +0.5D - +2.5D.

[0217] In some embodiments, the integral-based single vision spectacle lens may be configured to have a plurality of regions having individual local or auxiliary optical elements whose optical profile, when combined with the optical profile of the base spectacle lens, can provide an extended depth of focus to at least one desired region on the retina of the wearer's eye. The integral-based single vision spectacle lens in combination with the auxiliary optical element(s) may be configured such that, in an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, its embodiment can reduce, suppress, or control the progression rate of an individual's myopia.

[0218] In some embodiments, a region or zone corresponding to viewing a far viewing distance, covering the pupil of the glasses wearer in primary fixation; and another region or zone corresponding to viewing a near viewing distance, covering the pupil of the glasses wearer in downward and nasal inward fixation (i.e., downward and towards the nose) may be contemplated. In some other embodiments, only one local or auxiliary optical element may be combined with the spectacle lens in each of these zones or regions (far and / or near).

[0219] In yet another embodiment, a plurality of local or auxiliary optical elements may be contemplated in each of these zones or regions (far and / or near). The local or auxiliary optical elements combined with the spectacle lenses disclosed herein may have substantially different optical and physical properties.

[0220] In some embodiments, local or auxiliary optical elements, which may be made of a sheet that may consist of a single layer or multiple layers in other embodiments, may be configured juxtaposed to the integral base spectacle lens. Such a sheet may then be joined so as to fit or function properly in cooperation with the spectacle lens. The sheet constituting the local or auxiliary optical element may be applied or adhered to the spectacle lens so as to act in cooperation with the spectacle lens in several ways including, but not limited to, thermal, mechanical, or chemical adhesion. In some embodiments, at least one local optical element of the spectacle lens may be located, formed, or arranged on the front surface, rear surface, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, at least one local optical element of the spectacle lens is dedicated to generating certain characteristics of the stop signal, such as an extended or elongated depth of focus or substantially forward-distributed light energy on the retina.

[0221] In certain embodiments, one or more refractive indices of the local or auxiliary optical element may be higher than the refractive index of the material surrounding the local or auxiliary optical element, while in other embodiments, one or more refractive indices of the local or auxiliary optical element may be lower than the refractive index of the material surrounding the optical element. In some embodiments, a useful range of the refractive index of the optical element is from 1.35 to 1.75. In certain other embodiments, one or more refractive indices of the local or auxiliary optical element may be in a gradient form, also referred to as a refractive index distribution type medium.

[0222] In some embodiments of eyeglass lenses, it may be advantageous for improving manufacturing accuracy that the difference between the refractive indices of the one or more local or auxiliary optical elements is smaller compared to the region surrounding the local or auxiliary optical element. In some embodiments, refractive index differences of about 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, or 0.1 are contemplated.

[0223] In certain other embodiments, at least one local or auxiliary optical element of the eyeglass lens is located, formed, or disposed on one of the two surfaces of the eyeglass lens, and the other surface may have other features for further reducing eye growth. For example, the use of additional features such as defocus, coma, or spherical aberration.

[0224] The examples provided herein used a -3D myopic model eye to disclose the present invention, but the same disclosure can be extended to other myopic powers, such as -1D, -2D, -5D, or -6D. Further, it is understood that those skilled in the art can extend it such that the myopic power changes, for example, up to a maximum of 1DC or 2DC in conjunction with astigmatism for the eye.

[0225] In an exemplary embodiment, a specific wavelength of 555 nm was referenced, but it is understood that those skilled in the art can extend it to other visible wavelengths from 420 nm to 760 nm.

[0226] In another embodiment, a method or process for manufacturing an eyeglass lens includes the following steps: (a) shaping and / or cutting a material to form an optical element on the surface of the eyeglass lens and implementing a power distribution in the radial and / or azimuthal directions; and (b) any desired steps taken to substantially eliminate any discontinuities along the azimuthal power distribution on the eyeglass lens.

[0227] For example, it is conceivable to avoid a ledge caused by an angular change in the surface profile required to generate a light sword optical element having an angularly or rotationally asymmetric power distribution by juxtaposing the light sword optical element with the rear surface of the eyeglass lens.

[0228] The specific structural and functional details disclosed in the figures and examples are not to be construed in a limiting sense, but rather are to be construed as a representative basis for teaching those skilled in the art to employ the disclosed embodiments in many variations.

[0229] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, an eyeglass lens for myopia is disclosed. The eyeglass lens includes an integral base eyeglass lens configured to have a distance-based prescription for at least partially correcting the refractive anomaly of myopia, and further includes at least one local or auxiliary optical element formed inside the integral base eyeglass lens, in combination with, or juxtaposed with, the integral base eyeglass lens. The at least one local or auxiliary optical element is configured to provide an optical effect different from the optical effect provided by the integral base eyeglass lens to the eye, and the combination of the integral base eyeglass lens and the at least one auxiliary optical element is configured to provide an extension of the depth of focus for at least one portion on the retina of a myopic eye.

[0230] In one example, the integral-based spectacle lens has a spherical or annular base prescription. In one example, the diameter of each local or auxiliary optical element is greater than 0.75 mm. In one example, the surface area of each local or auxiliary optical element is greater than 1.75 square mm. In one example, the total combined surface area of the local or auxiliary optical elements is less than 30% of the total surface area of the spectacle lens. In one example, each of the local or auxiliary optical elements utilizes at least in part an axicon, an inverse axicon, or a logarithmic axicon. In certain other embodiments of the present disclosure, each of the local or auxiliary optical elements utilizes at least in part a light sword element, a modified light sword element, or a peacock eye element.

[0231] In other embodiments of the present disclosure, the depth of focus extension has a positive end and a negative end, and the depth of focus extension is configured such that the negative end is located substantially in front of the retina and the positive end is located substantially on the retina of a myopic eye. For example, in one example, the depth of focus extension provided by each of the local or auxiliary optical elements is 0.2 mm to 1.5 mm in width.

[0232] In certain other embodiments of the present disclosure, the depth of focus extension is achieved for a plurality of wavelengths of visible light from 460 nm to 760 nm (including both end values). In one example, at least one portion on the retina is within the 30-degree visual field of a myopic eye. In a specific example, at least one local or auxiliary optical element is configured on the front surface, the back surface, or both surfaces of the spectacle lens.

[0233] In some examples, at least one local or auxiliary optical element is configured within the matrix of the spectacle lens. In some examples, at least one local or auxiliary optical element has one or more shapes among a circle, an ellipse, a regular polygon, or an irregular polygon. Some other exemplary embodiments of the spectacle lens are described in Example Set A below. Set of claim examples "A"

[0234] A spectacle lens for reducing the progression of myopia in a human, the spectacle lens, and At least one local or auxiliary optical element used inside an integral base single vision spectacle lens or in cooperation with, in combination with, or juxtaposed to the integral base single vision spectacle lens, The at least one local or auxiliary optical element is a permanent overlay that can be applied or adhered to the front or rear surface of the spectacle lens, or is formed within the matrix of the spectacle lens, The at least one local or auxiliary optical element at least partially utilizes an axicon, logarithmic axicon, linear axicon, forward axicon, rear axicon, inverse logarithmic axicon, quartic axicon, axilens, light sword element, modified light sword intentionally designed not to have a distinct ridge or ridge, single peacock eye element, or double peacock eye element, a spectacle lens.

[0235] The spectacle lens comprises at least one local or auxiliary optical element that implements angular modulation of power variation centered on the geometric center of the local or auxiliary optical element. The configured power variation is intentionally selected so as not to produce a distinct ridge, edge, or ridge at the junction of the spectacle lens and the adjacent local or auxiliary optical element. The spectacle lens according to one or more of the preceding Example A.

[0236] The spectacle lens comprises at least one auxiliary or local optical element. The at least one auxiliary or local optical element combined with the spectacle lens is intentionally configured such that there is an angular power variation that spans at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, or 70% of the area of the auxiliary or local optical element, passing through the geometric center or optical center of the local optical element, and is intentionally selected so as not to produce a distinct ridge, edge, or ridge at the junction of the spectacle lens and the adjacent local or auxiliary optical element, the spectacle lens according to one or more of the preceding Example A.

[0237] The plurality of auxiliary or local optical elements cover at least 5%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 24%, 26%, 28%, 30%, 32%, or 34% of the surface area of the spectacle lens or spectacle lens blank, as described in one or more of the preceding Example A.

[0238] The at least one local or auxiliary optical element is configured to provide an extension or elongation of the depth of focus of at least +0.5D, +0.75D, +1D, +1.25D, +1.5D, +1.75D, or +2D with respect to the wearer's eye, as described in one or more of the preceding Example A.

[0239] The at least one local or auxiliary optical element is configured to provide an extension or elongation of the depth of focus over 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, or 30% of the field of view angle available to the wearer, as described in one or more of the preceding Example A.

[0240] The at least one local or auxiliary optical element of the spectacle lens comprises at least one permanent layer, which may be a spray coating or an adhesive, as described in one or more of the preceding Example A.

[0241] At least one refractive index of the material used to form the at least one local or auxiliary optical element is different from the refractive index of the material used to form the spectacle lens, as described in one or more of the preceding Example A.

[0242] The plurality of local or auxiliary optical elements have at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 different diameters within the spectacle lens, as described in one or more of the preceding Example A.

[0243] The plurality of local or auxiliary optical elements provide an extension or elongation of at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 different ranges of depth of focus for myopic eyes, as described in one or more of the preceding Example A.

[0244] The spectacle lens is configured to modify incident light passing through the spectacle lens and utilizes an expansion or elongation of the depth of focus to slow down the progression rate of myopia, the spectacle lens according to one or more preceding Example A.

[0245] The spectacle lens is capable of providing a stop signal to the advancing eye for a substantial portion of the viewing angle of the spectacle lens, the spectacle lens according to one or more preceding Example A.

[0246] The spectacle lens is configured to provide a stop signal to the advancing eye for at least 50% of the total viewing angle of the spectacle lens, the spectacle lens according to one or more preceding Example A.

[0247] The spectacle lens is configured to provide a stop signal to the advancing eye for a substantial portion of the viewing angle of the region of the spectacle lens that includes the at least one local or auxiliary optical element, the spectacle lens according to one or more preceding Example A.

[0248] The spectacle lens is configured to provide a stop signal to the advancing eye for at least 50% of the total viewing angle of the region of the spectacle lens that includes the at least one local optical element, the spectacle lens according to one or more preceding Example A.

[0249] The spectacle lens is cosmetically indistinguishable from a traditional or conventional single vision spectacle lens, the spectacle lens according to one or more preceding Example A.

[0250] The spectacle lens has no ledges, ridges, or edges at the interfaces adjacent to any of the local or auxiliary optical elements, the spectacle lens according to one or more preceding Example A.

[0251] A method for reducing the progression of myopia in a human, measuring the refraction of the wearer's eye, and Identifying a distance prescription based at least in part on the refractive measurement of the eye, selecting a lens for each eye, the lens is configured to have a base distance prescription power substantially close to the refractive measurement of the eye, providing at least one spectacle lens defined by one or more examples of A, configured to introduce an extension or elongation of the depth of focus in the retinal plane of the spectacle wearer, The method includes wearing this device for a long time during the day. Set of claim examples "B"

[0252] A spectacle lens for a myopic eye, an integral base lens configured to have a distance single vision base prescription for at least partially correcting the refractive anomaly of the myopic eye, comprising at least one auxiliary or local optical element formed in cooperation with or juxtaposed to the integral base lens, the at least one auxiliary optical element is configured to provide the eye with an optical effect different from the optical effect provided by the integral base lens, a combination of the integral base lens and the at least one auxiliary optical element is configured to provide an extension of the depth of focus for at least one portion on the retina of the myopic eye.

[0253] The spectacle lens according to one or more preceding examples of B, wherein the integral base lens has a spherical or annular base prescription.

[0254] The spectacle lens according to one or more preceding examples of B, wherein the diameter of each of the auxiliary or local optical elements is greater than 0.75 mm.

[0255] The spectacle lens according to one or more preceding examples of B, wherein the surface area of each auxiliary optical element is greater than 1.75 square mm.

[0256] The spectacle lens according to one or more of the preceding B examples, wherein the total surface area of the auxiliary optical elements is less than 30% of the total surface area of the spectacle lens.

[0257] The spectacle lens according to one or more of the preceding B examples, wherein at least one of the auxiliary optical elements utilizes, at least in part, an axicon, a forward axicon, a rearward axicon, a linear axicon, an inverse axicon, or a logarithmic axicon.

[0258] The spectacle lens according to one or more of the preceding B examples, wherein each of the auxiliary optical elements utilizes, at least in part, a light sword element, a modified light sword element, a single peacock eye element, or a double peacock eye element.

[0259] The extension of the depth of focus has a positive end and a negative end. The spectacle lens according to one or more of the preceding B examples, wherein the negative end of the extension of the depth of focus is located substantially in front of the retina, and the positive end is located substantially on the retina of the myopic eye.

[0260] The spectacle lens according to one or more of the preceding B examples, wherein the extension of the depth of focus provided by each of the auxiliary or local optical elements has a width of 0.2 mm to 1.5 mm at the retina of the eye.

[0261] The spectacle lens according to one or more of the preceding B examples, wherein the extension of the depth of focus is achieved for a plurality of wavelengths of visible light from 460 nm to 760 nm (including both end values).

[0262] The spectacle lens according to one or more of the preceding B examples, wherein the extension of the depth of focus is achieved for a plurality of pupil diameters from 2.5 mm to 6 mm (including both end values).

[0263] The spectacle lens according to one or more of the preceding B examples, wherein the at least one portion on the retina is within a 30-degree visual field of the myopic eye.

[0264] The at least one auxiliary optical element is a spectacle lens according to one or more of the preceding B examples configured on the front surface, rear surface, or both surfaces of the spectacle lens.

[0265] The at least one auxiliary optical element is a spectacle lens according to one or more of the preceding B examples configured within the matrix of the spectacle lens.

[0266] The at least one auxiliary optical element is a spectacle lens according to one or more of the preceding B examples having one or more shapes among a circle, an ellipse, a regular polygon, or an irregular polygon.

[0267] The spectacle lens is a spectacle lens according to one or more of the preceding B examples that is cosmetically indistinguishable from a traditional or conventional single vision spectacle lens.

[0268] The spectacle lens is a spectacle lens according to one or more of the preceding B examples configured to provide a progressive eye for at least 50% of the total field of view of the region of the spectacle lens including the at least one local optical element.

[0269] The spectacle lens is a spectacle lens according to one or more of the preceding B examples capable of providing a stop signal to a progressive eye for a substantial portion of the field of view of the spectacle lens.

[0270] The spectacle lens is a spectacle lens according to one or more of the preceding B examples configured to provide a stop signal to a progressive eye for at least 50% of the total field of view of the spectacle lens.

[0271] The spectacle lens is a spectacle lens according to one or more of the preceding B examples configured to provide a stop signal to a progressive eye for a substantial portion of the field of view of the region of the spectacle lens including the at least one local optical element.

[0272] A double peacock eye element comprises two substantially similar single peacock eye optical elements in a spectacle lens according to one or more of the preceding B examples.

[0273] The spectacle lens according to one or more preceding Example B, wherein the double peacock eye element comprises two substantially different single peacock eye optical elements.

[0274] The optical path of at least one auxiliary or local optical element combined with the integral base lens is defined as follows:

Number

[0275] The spectacle lens according to one or more preceding Example B, wherein the at least one auxiliary or local optical element is an axicon defined using a steep radius of curvature of 0.05 mm to 0.5 mm and a very large asphericity coefficient characterized by a conic constant (Q) value of -250 to -5000.

[0276] The optical path of at least one auxiliary or local optical element combined with the integral base lens is defined as follows:

Number

[0277] The optical path of at least one auxiliary or partial optical element combined with the integral base lens is defined as follows:

Number

[0278] The optical path of at least one auxiliary or partial optical element combined with the integral base lens is defined as follows:

Number

[0279] The optical path of at least one auxiliary or partial optical element combined with the integral base lens is defined as follows:

Number

[0280] The optical path of at least one auxiliary or partial optical element combined with the integral base lens is defined as follows:

Number

[0281] The optical path of at least one auxiliary or partial optical element combined with the integral base lens is defined as follows:

Number

[0282] The sag of at least one auxiliary optical element is characterized by an odd-order aspherical axicon surface formed on the front surface or the back surface of the integral base lens, and is represented by the following formula:

Number

Claims

1. An eyeglass lens for myopia, Comprising an integral base eyeglass lens configured with a distance-based prescription for at least partially correcting the refractive anomaly of the myopia, At least one auxiliary optical element formed inside the integral base eyeglass lens, or formed in cooperation with or juxtaposed to the integral base eyeglass lens, The at least one auxiliary optical element is configured to provide the eye with an optical effect different from the optical effect provided by the integral base eyeglass lens, An eyeglass lens, wherein the combination of the integral base eyeglass lens and the at least one auxiliary optical element is configured to provide an extension of the depth of focus for at least one part on the retina of the myopia.

2. The eyeglass lens according to claim 1, wherein the integral base eyeglass lens has a spherical or annular base prescription.

3. The eyeglass lens according to claims 1 to 2, wherein the diameter of each auxiliary optical element is greater than 0.75 mm.

4. The eyeglass lens according to claims 1 to 3, wherein the surface area of each auxiliary optical element is greater than 1.75 square mm.

5. The eyeglass lens according to claims 1 to 4, wherein the total surface area of substantially all the auxiliary optical elements is less than 30% of the total surface area of the eyeglass lens.

6. The eyeglass lens according to claims 1 to 5, wherein at least one of the auxiliary optical elements at least partially utilizes an axicon, a linear axicon, a forward axicon, a rear axicon, a logarithmic axicon, an inverse logarithmic axicon, or a combination thereof.

7. The sag of at least one auxiliary optical element is characterized by an axicon surface further characterized by an odd-order asphere represented by the following formula: 【Number 1】 The value of coefficient β1 ranges from -3E-03 to +3E-03, the value of β2 ranges from -3E-03 to +3E-03, the value of β3 ranges from -9E-03 to +9E-03, the value of β4 ranges from -3E-03 to +3E-03, the value of β5 ranges from -3E-04 to +3E-04, the value of β6 ranges from -6E-04 to +6E-04, and the value of β7 ranges from -2E-04 to +2E-04. The eyeglass lens according to claims 1 to 6.

8. The axicon, at least partially combined with the integral-based spectacle lens, generates a ring-shaped light distribution having a width and an intensity pattern, and the ring-shaped light distribution has substantially the same width and intensity pattern across a substantial through-focus region of the retina. The substantial through-focus region of the retina includes at least 0.5 mm in front of the retina and 0.5 mm behind the retina, for the spectacle lens according to claims 1 to 7. **Claim 9** The spectacle lens according to claims 1 to 6, wherein at least one of the auxiliary optical elements at least partially utilizes a light sword element, a modified light sword element, a single peacock eye element, a double peacock eye element, or a combined peacock eye element thereof. **Claim 10** The optical effect provided to the eye is achieved by combining the at least one light sword, or modified light sword, element auxiliary optical element with the integral-based spectacle lens with an optical path difference (OPD) defined as follows. 【Number 2】 F substantially corresponds to the fundamental refractive anomaly of the eye, and ΔF may be 0.25 to 1.5 mm in width. The spectacle lens according to claims 1 to 6 and claim 9, wherein there are substantially no ledges, ridges, or edges at the interface adjacent to either the auxiliary optical element or the integral-based spectacle lens. **Claim 11** The optical effect is provided to the eye by the at least one peacock eye auxiliary optical element combined with the integral-based spectacle lens using an optical path difference (OPD) defined as follows. 【Number 3】 Here, x and y are the Cartesian coordinates of the optical phase correlation function of the local or auxiliary optical element, and the parameters F and ΔF both represent the focal lengths of the integral-based spectacle lens and the local optical element, and the range of the extended focal depth of the local or auxiliary optical element, all defined in lens units (mm), and "d" is the diameter of the auxiliary optical element. F substantially corresponds to the fundamental refractive anomaly of the eye, ΔF is defined with respect to the retina, may be 0.25 to 1.5 mm in width, and d is 0.375 to 2 mm. The spectacle lens according to claims 1 to 6 and claim 9, wherein there are substantially no ledges, ridges, or edges at the interface adjacent to either the auxiliary optical element or the integral-based spectacle lens. **Claim 12** The extension of the focal depth has a positive end and a negative end. The extension of the depth of focus is configured such that the negative end is substantially located in front of the retina and the positive end is substantially located on the retina of the myopic eye, according to claim 10 or 11 of the spectacle lens.

13. The extension of the depth of focus provided by each of the auxiliary optical elements is from 0.2 mm to 1.5 mm in width, according to claim 10 or 11 of the spectacle lens.

14. The extension of the depth of focus is achieved for a plurality of wavelengths of visible light from 460 nm to 760 nm (including both end values), according to the spectacle lens of one or more of the preceding claims.

15. The extension of the depth of focus is achieved for a plurality of pupil diameters from 3 mm to 6 mm (including both end values), according to the spectacle lens of one or more of the preceding claims.

16. The at least one portion on the retina is within the 30-degree visual field of the myopic eye, according to the spectacle lens of one or more of the preceding claims.

17. The at least one auxiliary optical element is configured on the front surface, rear surface, or both surfaces of the spectacle lens, according to the spectacle lens of one or more of the preceding claims.

18. The at least one auxiliary optical element is configured within the matrix of the spectacle lens, according to the spectacle lens of one or more of the preceding claims.

19. The at least one auxiliary optical element has one or more shapes among circular, elliptical, regular polygon, or irregular polygon, according to the spectacle lens of one or more of the preceding claims.

20. The spectacle lens is cosmetically indistinguishable from a traditional or conventional single-vision spectacle lens, according to the spectacle lens of one or more of the preceding claims.

21. The spectacle lens is configured to provide a progressive eye for at least 50% of the total visual field angle of the region of the spectacle lens including the at least one local optical element, according to the spectacle lens of one or more of the preceding claims.

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