Blockchain-implemented method and system

Abstract

To provide a system for controlling use of a resource (parking meter) implemented via a distributed ledger (blockchain) and / or access to the resource.SOLUTION: A system generates a blockchain transaction (TX) indicative of a condition on use of resources, the blockchain transaction comprising a multi-signature script; provides a first subset of a plurality of signatures to the blockchain transaction to generate a partially signed signature script; and according to the condition on the use of the resource being satisfied, provides a second subset of the plurality of signatures to the blockchain transaction to fully complete the blockchain transaction. The condition on the use of the resource may be the use of a discrete amount of the resource and the second subset of the plurality of signatures is provided according to the discrete amount of the resource being used.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention generally relates to distributed ledger technology (DLT), and more particularly to the use of blockchains for controlling the use of resources. Aspects of the present invention also relate to the Internet of Things (IoT). The present invention may be suitable for controlling IoT devices.

Background Art

[0002] In this document, for convenience and ease of reference, the term "blockchain" is used. This is because it is the most widely known term currently in this context. In the present disclosure, this term is used to include all forms of electronic and computer-based distributed ledgers, including consensus-based blockchains, alternative chains, side chains and transaction chain technologies, private and public ledgers, permissioned and permissionless ledgers, shared ledgers, and variations thereof.

[0003] A blockchain is an electronic ledger implemented as a computer-based decentralized distributed system composed of blocks that are composed of transactions. Each transaction includes at least one input and at least one output. Each block includes the hash of the previous block, and the blocks are chained together to create a permanent and immutable record of all the transactions written to the blockchain from the beginning of the blockchain. Transactions include small programs known as scripts embedded in their inputs and outputs, which specify how the output of the transaction can be accessed by whom. In the Bitcoin platform, these scripts are written using a stack-based scripting language.

[0004] For a transaction to be written to the blockchain, the transaction must be: i) verified by the first node that received the transaction - if the transaction is verified, this node relays the transaction to other nodes in the network - and ii) added to a new block constructed by a miner, and iii) mined, i.e., added to the public ledger of past transactions.

[0005] Although other blockchain implementations have also been proposed and developed, the most widely known use of blockchain technology is the Bitcoin ledger. In the present disclosure, Bitcoin may be referred to for purposes of convenience and illustration, but it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to use with the Bitcoin blockchain, and alternative blockchain implementations also fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0006] Blockchain technology is most widely known for its use in cryptocurrency implementations. However, more recently, digital entrepreneurs have begun to explore the use of both Bitcoin-based security systems and data that can be stored on the blockchain to implement new systems.

[0007] One area of current interest and research is the use of blockchain to implement "smart contracts." A smart contract is a computer program designed to automate the execution of the terms of a contract or agreement. Unlike traditional contracts, which might be described in natural language, a smart contract is a machine-executable program that includes rules that can process inputs to produce results and then execute actions based on those results. Another area of interest related to blockchain is the use of "tokens" (or "colored coins") to represent and transfer real-world entities via the blockchain. Potentially confidential or secret items can be represented by tokens that have no identifiable meaning or value. Thus, the tokens function as identifiers that enable real-world items to be referenced. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0008] The present invention also relates to the use of mechanisms implemented by blockchain for controlling access to resources. The resources can be physical resources such as "Internet of Things (IoT)" devices. IoT is described in Wikipedia® as "a network of physical devices, vehicles, buildings, and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity which enables these objects to collect and exchange data... IoT enables objects to be sensed and controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure." In other embodiments, the resources can be non-physical resources such as networks or software, part of a cryptocurrency, or any other form of asset.

[0009] The invention is defined in the claims.

[0010] The present invention provides a method executed by a computer and a corresponding system. The present invention may provide a control method implemented by a blockchain. This method may be configured to permit the use of a resource and / or access to a resource, to affect the use of a resource and / or access to a resource, to manage the use of a resource and / or access to a resource, or to control the use of a resource and / or access to a resource. The resource may be an Internet-compatible resource. The resource may be an IoT (Internet of Things) resource. The resource may be a physical resource such as a device or apparatus or a process. The resource may be a computer-based resource such as a network or software.

[0011] This method comprises generating a blockchain transaction (TxA) indicating conditions regarding the use of a resource, the blockchain transaction may include a multi-signature script that requires a plurality of (digital) signatures for completion of the blockchain transaction; and / or providing a first subset of the plurality of signatures to the blockchain transaction to generate a partially signed signature script and partially complete the blockchain transaction; and / or providing a second subset of the plurality of signatures to the blockchain transaction in response to the conditions regarding the use of the resource being satisfied to fully complete the blockchain transaction (TxA) and may include.

[0012] By providing such a method, the advantage can be obtained that the use of the resource / access to the resource can be securely performed and immutably recorded. For ease of reading, hereinafter, the phrase "and / or access to the resource" may not be repeated and may simply be referred to as "use of the resource".

[0013] The conditions regarding the use of resources can be the use of discrete amounts of resources, and a second subset of the plurality of signatures can be provided in response to the discrete use of resources. The conditions regarding the use of resources can be specified or defined in a smart contract. The smart contract may be stored outside the blockchain, but can be referenced from the blockchain, for example, using metadata provided within a transaction.

[0014] This provides the advantage that resources can be used or consumed incrementally.

[0015] If the conditions regarding the use of / access to resources are not met: access to and / or use of the resources can be prohibited or modified or restricted; and / or an alert or notification can be sent to the destination.

[0016] Multiple transactions can be generated. These can be partially signed transactions. These can be multi-signature transactions. The last step of providing a second subset of the multiple signatures to the blockchain transaction (TxA) to complete the blockchain transaction (TxA) can include selecting the blockchain transaction (TxA) from the multiple transactions. Each of the multiple transactions can be configured to use the same output of a previous transaction (Tx1) (where "previous" means that the transaction containing the output precedes the multiple transactions in the blockchain). Thus, when it is determined that the conditions are met, the blockchain transaction (TxA) can be selected and completed from the multiple partially signed transactions. The selection and / or completion of the transaction can include the provision of the agent's cryptographic key and can be performed by the agent. The agent can be an appropriately programmed automated resource. The agent can send the selected blockchain transaction (TxA) to the blockchain network. Verification of the transaction on the blockchain can transfer assets such as a portion of the cryptocurrency from one party to another by using the transaction output (TX1 output) on the blockchain.

[0017] Each of the multiple transactions can indicate different conditions regarding the use of the resource. Thus, the multiple transactions can implement multiple conditions (or scenarios) regarding the use of the resource. By selecting the transaction to be completed and sent, the present invention controls how the output of the transaction (Tx1) is used and how the cryptocurrency associated with the output is transferred.

[0018] The satisfaction of one or more conditions can be determined by an agent using an input or signal for evaluating the conditions. This input or signal may be generated by the agent or received from another source. This input or signal can be, for example, the detection of a physical or electronic state, a time point, or any other input.

[0019] Generating a blockchain transaction indicating a condition regarding the use of a resource may include generating blockchain transactions corresponding to each integer multiple of a discrete amount of the resource, and a second subset of the plurality of signatures may be provided for each increased integer multiple of the use of the resource. This provides various usage options, thereby obtaining the advantage of increasing the versatility of this method. For example, it is the length of time that resources such as portions or amounts of network usage, parking spaces, devices, etc. are used.

[0020] The maximum integer multiple can be predefined. This obtains the advantage of enabling the consequences resulting from the excessive use of resources to be implied and implemented.

[0021] An off-chain action can be triggered in response to an excess of the maximum limit. The term "off-chain" can be interpreted to mean "not via the blockchain". This obtains the advantage of providing that the consequences resulting from the excessive use of resources are carried out.

[0022] The first subset of the plurality of signatures may include a signature from an agent. The agent can be a computing-based resource. This obtains the advantage of enhancing the security of this method.

[0023] The first subset of the plurality of signatures may include a signature from the issuer or owner or administrator of the resource. The second subset of the plurality of signatures may include signatures from agents. The second subset of the plurality of signatures may include signatures from users of the resource. This provides the advantage of preventing the issuer or user from abusing this method.

[0024] The condition regarding the use of the resource may be that the resource is not being used. This provides the advantage of defining the conditions for a refund to be made.

[0025] The blockchain transaction may have a non-zero lock time. This provides the advantage of preventing users from abusing this method.

[0026] The present invention may also provide a system including a computer-based resource configured to execute a method according to any embodiment of the methods described in this disclosure. Any one or more features referred to in connection with an aspect or embodiment of the present invention may be applicable to any other aspect or embodiment. Any one or more features referred to in connection with the method may be applicable to the system of the present invention, and vice versa. Embodiments of the present invention may be configured substantially as described below.

[0027] These and other aspects of the present invention will become apparent from the embodiments described in this disclosure and will be described with reference to the embodiments described in this disclosure.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0028] Embodiments of the present invention will be described by way of example with reference to the drawings.

Fig. 1a

Fig. 1b

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4a

Fig. 4b

Fig. 5

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0029] Summary The present invention provides a novel technique for permitting the use of a controlled resource and / or access to a controlled resource, or for managing access to / use of a resource. This is achieved by using a plurality of blockchain transactions that implement various use / access scenarios regarding the use of a resource or access to a resource. For example, one transaction relates to the use of a resource for a specified time period, and another transaction relates to the use of the resource for a different time period.

[0030] A user (i.e., a person who accesses or uses a resource) attempts an intentional "double spending" against the blockchain. As is known in the art, "double spending" occurs when a user attempts to use the same cryptocurrency portion, such as twice for Bitcoin. Obviously, double spending is undesirable in the conventional context because at least one party suffers a disadvantage by not receiving the funds expected or legally paid. The Bitcoin protocol protects against double spending by its verification mechanism. Thus, the present invention adopts and effectively uses a process that is conventionally undesirable for permission purposes.

[0031] According to the present invention, a resource user provides an asset to a resource administrator. This asset may be, for the sake of convenience, a portion of a cryptocurrency called Bitcoin, but other cryptocurrencies may also be used. The amount of that Bitcoin is determined by a set of conditional rules normally defined within a smart contract. A smart contract is a machine-executable document realized by a blockchain and may be stored outside the blockchain (off-chain), but can be referenced via a blockchain transaction (Tx). The conditional rules may include various rules, criteria, parameters, etc. that manage or define the permitted legitimate use / access of the resource. In a preferred embodiment, these conditional rules are evaluated by an independent party, i.e., a party other than the resource user or administrator.

[0032] Thus, advantageously, the resource manager has the confidence that the conditions will be satisfied without having to know the details of the satisfaction conditions. This is because these will be determined and enforced by independent parties. This can be an automated agent that can be called an oracle. The oracle determines the satisfaction of the conditions based on the evaluations performed. This can be when the use / release / access of the resource is permitted, at a predetermined time, or when a trigger event is detected, etc. This evaluation enables the oracle to select one of the proposed blockchain transactions to proceed to completion. This is achieved by providing the oracle's cryptographic signature to the selected transaction. Thus, there is an external oracle that evaluates one or more conditions provided by the smart contract and determines which of the multiple presented transactions (Txs) will be completed based on usage / access related parameters such as how long the resource was used. This then automatically invalidates any other one or more proposed transactions.

[0033] If the oracle or agent determines that one or more conditions are not satisfied, response steps can be taken by the oracle and / or the resource manager. For example, the use / access to the resource can be denied, a locking mechanism can be applied or configured, or a communication such as an alert can be sent to the recipient, and / or a refund transaction can be sent to the blockchain network.

[0034] Exemplary Use Cases An exemplary embodiment is described using an example of a parking space where a fee is charged to park in the parking space. The relevant parking space owner (parking space operator or small and medium-sized enterprise, or individual having an available and desirable parking space) attaches the IoT device 104 to the parking location. However, the present invention is not limited to use with a parking meter. Other types of controlled Internet-connected resources may alternatively be the subject of the present invention.

[0035] The IoT device 104 can detect the presence of a parked vehicle (as is already commonly done). The device may be part of the blockchain IoT device 106 or the blockchain IoT device 106. A programmable "blockchain IoT device (BID)" is an Internet-connected device that can monitor, interact with, and publish to a blockchain network.

[0036] The driver of the vehicle downloads a smartphone application corresponding to the parking lot BID 106 (or a "smart car" application - i.e., an application designed to operate on the vehicle computer). This application enables the driver to pay for the vehicle space via the blockchain using cryptocurrency or tokenized cryptocurrency.

[0037] The parking service can be represented using a smart contract. This is a machine-readable and executable document. The conditions in the smart contract are referenced using metadata in transactions (Txs) that point to the location of the smart contract file on the DHT. In other embodiments, the smart contract may be stored in any other form of database or storage device. The conditions presented in the smart contract may include: · Vehicle ID (e.g., license plate) · Start time of parking · Expiration time · Vehicle space identifier (e.g., an exact GPS location or a residential address or address + sequence number, which can also be painted in the actual space or otherwise indicated in the physical location of the space) · Rate (e.g., can be expressed in satoshis / minute or $ / minute, etc.) · Other complex conditions such as the following - The first 2 hours (or other period) are free - The fee is in partial period units (e.g., "0.01 BTC per hour or part thereof")

[0038] In some embodiments, BID106 can identify a vehicle via one of several ways. For example, BID106 can include a built-in camera directed at a common area of the vehicle license plate. In another example, BID106 detects a unique signal ID emitted by the vehicle. In another example, a dedicated vehicle tag RFID is attached to the vehicle. In some embodiments, BID106 cannot identify the vehicle (e.g., for privacy purposes), and instead, a parking attendant can verify that the correct vehicle is parked by visually checking the vehicle license plate against the license plate registered in the payment transaction.

[0039] The application can enable various functions such as, for example, the following: · A driver can reserve a parking location for a future period - The reservation may (or may not) require prepayment in Bitcoin · A driver can configure the application to automatically make a payment and extend to another period (adjustable) when the payment time expires · The application may enable regular parking (e.g., reservation for weekdays)

[0040] As shown in FIG. 1a, the system 100 includes a parking space 102, an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device 104, a blockchain Internet-of-Things device (BID) 106, a blockchain server 108 that operates to provide access to a peer-to-peer network that supports the blockchain, and an agent 110 that operates to monitor the blockchain and communicate with the IoT device 104 and the BID 106.

[0041] Referring to the flowchart in FIG. 1b, the use of the parking space using the system 100 is described. Alice has a smartphone application that indicates the location of available vehicle spaces by querying the blockchain. In step S100, Alice looks for a convenient place and parks her car. The application indicates the conditions for this space, which could be in the driveway of a residence in a densely populated area in the city center, such as London or Los Angeles.

[0042] In step S102, after Alice accepts the conditions and selects a given option, she uses the application to pay the fee for the space in Bitcoin for the required time. Alice also selects the option provided by the application to automatically pay for an extension of the parking period by 10 minutes up to 3 times, every 10 minutes that pass, because Alice cannot be 100% certain whether she will return by the time (although Alice thinks the surcharge for this service is a bit high, Alice is willing to pay this to avoid fines and loss of reputation if she returns after expiration).

[0043] Of course, Alice knows that the smartphone application provides a function to remotely extend the period simply when the expiration time is approaching, but since Alice is participating in the meeting, she cannot be sure that she will get the opportunity. After that, Alice returns before the expiration time. The smartphone application allows Alice to cancel an unnecessary extension, but Alice knows that she doesn't need to do so in this case. Because the operator of this BID106 has a setting that allows Alice to simply drive away, and BID106 detects that Alice is not using the extension, and thus automatically cancels the extension for Alice (as per the contract).

[0044] Therefore, assume that Alice pays 5 BTC to rent a parking space for 1 hour, and the cost for additional time is 1 BTC / 10 minutes.

[0045] The first transaction that credits 5 BTC to Bob is a P2PKH that pays the fee for the first hour. This is a standard Bitcoin transaction.

[0046] T extra is defined as the time that Alice's car remains in the parking space after the standard time period, that is, after the first hour that has already been paid. T extra is a multiple of 10 and takes values of 0, 10, 20, 30. At times T = 60 minutes, 70 minutes, 80 minutes, and 90 minutes, BID106 checks whether the car is still parked in the parking space. If it is not parked, BID106 sends a message to Alice, Bob, the parking space owner, and a third party or "agent". The message includes the value T extra For example, if Alice returns to the parking space at time 65 minutes, T extra= 10, and Bob should charge Alice 1 BTC. However, Alice does not trust Bob, and Alice wishes to transfer funds using an independent service, and this transfer should be conditional on the signature of the agent server. The agent accepts a request such as, for example, "is T extra = 10?", evaluates such a request, and generates an output. The agent receives such information from the IoT device 104.

[0047] Alice and Bob agree on a rules script and send it to the agent server (O1). The rules script could be as follows: If (T extra == 10) return Sign TxA else if (T extra == 20) return Sign TxB else if (T extra == 30) return Sign TxC else return False

[0048] If O1 positively determines the rules script, that is, if one of the above conditions regarding the use of the parking space is satisfied, O1 signs and broadcasts either (but not all) of TxA, TxB, or TxC.

[0049] In step S104, the agent generates a new public key. In step S106, the agent obtains public keys from Alice and Bob. Then, in step S108, the agent generates a 2-of-3 multisignature address.

[0050] In step S110, Alice generates a new transaction Tx1 that sends 3 BTC to a multisignature address, signs Tx1, and broadcasts it via the Bitcoin network. This transaction is shown in Figure 2.

[0051] In step S112, the agent verifies Tx1 and generates three transactions that use the UTXO of Tx1. The three transactions can be denoted as TxA, TxB, and TxC. In step S112, the agent also generates a fourth transaction TxR. TxA is shown in Figure 3. TxB and TxC are similar but differ in the amount of Bitcoin as shown below.

[0052] As can be seen from Figure 3, TxA sends 1 BTC to Bob and 2 BTC to Alice, and T extra corresponds to 10. TxB sends 2 BTC to Bob and 1 BTC to Alice, and T extra corresponds to 20. TxC sends 3 BTC to Bob and T extra corresponds to 30.

[0053] Each of TxA, TxB, and TxC requires two signatures in the form of Bob's signature and the agent's signature. In step S114, the agent sends TxA, TxB, and TxC to Bob. Then, in step S116, Bob signs each of TxA, TxB, and TxC and returns them to the agent as incomplete blockchain transactions.

[0054] TxR is a refund transaction that sends 3 BTC back to Alice. It has a non-zero lock time corresponding to a predetermined instant in the future. TxR requires two signatures in the form of Alice's signature and the agent's signature. That is, if Alice does not use the parking space beyond the period paid for in Tx1, a refund will be automatically made. TxR is signed by the agent during generation in step S112. TxR is shown in FIG. 5.

[0055] Here, consider an example where Alice parks in the parking space for a maximum of 10 minutes beyond the 1 hour paid for in Tx1. That is, T extra = 10. This is illustrated with reference to FIG. 4a.

[0056] In step S200, the IoT device 104 detects that Alice's car has been parked in the parking space for 10 minutes beyond the 1 hour paid for in Tx1. Then, in step S202, BID106 communicates to the agent that the car has been parked in the parking space for an additional 10 minutes, that is, T extra = 10. That is, one of the conditions in the above script has been evaluated as true by the agent.

[0057] Then, in step 204, the agent signs TxA to complete the transaction. Then, in step S206, TxA can be broadcast to the blockchain. Upon completion of TxA, 1 BTC is paid to Bob and 2 BTC is paid to Alice. TxB and TxC can be completed similarly.

[0058] Then, Alice leaves the parking space on time, and T extraConsider the example where it is =0. This will be described with reference to FIG. 4b. In step S300, the IoT device 104 detects that Alice has moved her car from the parking space before the overtime occurs. In step S302, the IoT device 104 communicates to the agent that Alice has left the parking space on time. In step S304, the IoT device 104 sends TxR to Alice who signs TxR to complete the transaction TxR. The completion of the transaction TxR means that 3 BTC has been returned to Alice. TxR has a non - zero lock time, which means that until this lock time elapses, it cannot be mined and added to the blockchain. This means that if Alice provides her signature, TxR will be broadcast not immediately but at some point in the future.

[0059] Note that the above - described embodiments are illustrative rather than limiting the present invention, and those skilled in the art will be able to design many alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention defined by the claims. In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. The words such as "comprising" do not exclude the existence of elements or steps other than those listed in the claim or the entire specification. In this specification, "comprising" means "including, or consisting of". The singular form of an element does not exclude the plural form of such an element, and vice versa. The present invention can be realized by hardware including several different elements and also by a computer appropriately programmed. In the claims of a device listing several means, some of these means may be embodied by one and the same hardware item. The mere fact that a given means is described in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these means cannot be used advantageously.

[0060] The above-described embodiment can be expressed as follows. (1) A method implemented by a blockchain for controlling the use of and / or access to a resource, the method comprising: generating a blockchain transaction indicating conditions related to the use of and / or access to the resource, the blockchain transaction including a multi-signature script that requires a plurality of signatures for completion of the blockchain transaction; providing a first subset of the plurality of signatures to the blockchain transaction to generate a partially signed signature script and partially complete the blockchain transaction; providing a second subset of the plurality of signatures to the blockchain transaction in response to satisfaction of the conditions related to the use of and / or access to the resource to completely complete the blockchain transaction. A method comprising the above steps. (2) The method according to (1), wherein providing the second subset of the plurality of signatures to the blockchain transaction includes selecting the blockchain transaction from a plurality of partially signed multi-signature transactions. (3) The method according to (1) or (2), wherein the condition related to the use of the resource is the use of a discrete amount of the resource, and the second subset of the plurality of signatures is provided in response to the resource being used in the discrete amount. (4) The method according to (3), wherein generating a blockchain transaction indicating conditions related to the use of and / or access to the resource includes generating a blockchain transaction corresponding to each integer multiple of the discrete amount of the resource, and the second subset of the plurality of signatures is provided for each increased integer multiple use of the resource. (5) The method according to (4), wherein the maximum limit of the integer multiple is predefined. (6) The method according to (5), wherein an off-block action is triggered in response to the maximum limit being exceeded. (7) The method according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein the first subset of the plurality of signatures includes a signature from an agent. (8) The method according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein the first subset of the plurality of signatures includes a signature from the issuer of the resource. (9) The method according to (8), wherein the second subset of the plurality of signatures includes a signature from an agent. (10) The method according to (7), wherein the second subset of the plurality of signatures includes a signature from a user of the resource. (11) The method according to any one of (1) to (10), wherein the condition regarding the use of the resource is that the resource is not being used. (12) The method according to any one of (1) to (11), wherein the blockchain transaction has a non-zero lock time. (13) Sending the fully completed blockchain transaction to the blockchain for use of an output associated with a previous transaction The method according to any one of (1) to (12), including. (14) A system including computer resources configured to execute the method according to any one of (1) to (13).

Claims

1. A resource coupled to an Internet of Things (IoT) device, wherein the IoT device includes a blockchain IoT device (BID), the resource, and A blockchain server that operates to provide access to a peer-to-peer network that supports a blockchain network, and An agent that operates to monitor the blockchain network and communicate with the IoT device and the BID A system comprising: The system is configured to implement a method for controlling the use and / or access to a resource, The method includes: Generating a blockchain transaction (TxA) that indicates conditions regarding the use and / or access to the resource, the blockchain transaction including a multi-signature script that requires a plurality of signatures for completion of the blockchain transaction; Providing a first subset of the plurality of signatures to the blockchain transaction (TxA) to generate a partially signed signature script and partially complete the blockchain transaction; Providing a second subset of the plurality of signatures to the blockchain transaction in response to the conditions regarding the use and / or access to the resource being satisfied to completely complete the blockchain transaction; A system comprising.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein providing the second subset of the plurality of signatures to the blockchain transaction (TxA) further includes selecting the blockchain transaction (TxA) from a plurality of partially signed multi-signature transactions.

3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the condition regarding the use of the resource is the use of a discrete amount of the resource, and the second subset of the plurality of signatures is provided in response to the resource being used in the discrete amount.

4. Generating a blockchain transaction indicating conditions regarding the use of and / or access to the resource includes generating blockchain transactions corresponding to each integer multiple of the discrete amount of the resource, wherein the second subset of the plurality of signatures is provided for use of each increased integer multiple of the resource. The system according to claim 3.

5. The system according to claim 4, wherein the maximum limit of the integer multiple is predefined.

6. The system according to claim 5, wherein an off-chain action is triggered in response to exceeding the maximum limit.

7. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first subset of the plurality of signatures includes a signature from an agent.

8. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first subset of the plurality of signatures includes a signature from the issuer of the resource.

9. The system according to claim 8, wherein the second subset of the plurality of signatures includes a signature from an agent.

10. The system according to claim 7, wherein the second subset of the plurality of signatures includes a signature from the user of the resource.

11. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the condition regarding the use of the resource is that the resource is not being used.

12. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the blockchain transaction has a non-zero lock time.

13. Sending the fully completed transaction to the blockchain for using the output associated with a previous transaction (Tx1) The system according to any one of claims 1 to 12, including.

Images