Tandem vision window and media display device

Abstract

To provide a system, a device, a method, and a non-provisional computer readable medium regarding a display device construction object connected to a structure (a vision window, for example).SOLUTION: A structure can be a supporting structure such as a fixation object. A display device construction object is formed to make media display easier and is transparent at least partially. A vision window can be a window which can be colored and can be more specifically a window of which coloring can be electrically controlled (for example, an electrochromic window). There are disclosed a variety of interactive functions (through a touch screen, for example) having the display device construction objects.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Related Applications

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 911,271, entitled "Tandem Vision Window and Transparent Display," filed October 5, 2019; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 952,207, entitled "Tandem Vision Window and Transparent Display," filed December 20, 2019; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 975,706, entitled "Tandem Vision Window and Media Display," filed February 12, 2020; and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 085,254, entitled "Tandem Vision Window and Media Display," filed September 30, 2020; and (i) U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 085,254, entitled "Electrochromic Windows With Transparent Display Technology," filed December 19, 2017. (ii) U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 607,618, entitled "Electrochromic Windows With Transparent Display Technology," filed on June 22, 2017; (iii) U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 523,606, entitled "Electrochromic Windows With Transparent Display Technology," filed on May 17, 2017; (iv) U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 506,514, entitled "Electrochromic Windows With Transparent Display Technology," filed on May 15, 2017; and (v) U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 490, entitled "Electrochromic Windows With Transparent Display Technology," filed on April 26, 2017.This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16 / 608,157, entitled "Displays For Tintable Windows," filed October 24, 2019, which is a U.S. application of International Patent Application No. PCT / US18 / 29476, entitled "Displays For Tintable Windows," filed April 25, 2018, claiming priority to International Patent Application No. PCT / US18 / 29476, entitled "Displays For Tintable Windows," filed April 25, 2018, which claims priority to International Patent Application No. PCT / US18 / 29476, entitled "Displays For Tintable Windows," filed October 24, 2019, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. [Background technology]

[0002] Various facilities (e.g., buildings) are equipped with windows, for example, on their facades. Windows provide a way to view the environment outside the facility. In some facilities, windows may occupy a significant portion of the facility's facade. Users may require the use of window surface area to view various media (e.g., for entertainment purposes, data processing, and / or video conferencing). Sometimes, users may want to optimize the use of interior space (e.g., by using window surfaces) to visualize media. The media may be electronic and / or optical media. Users may require viewing of the media with minimal impact on visibility through the window. The media may be displayed through an at least partially transparent display device. Sometimes, viewing the media may require a colored (e.g., darker) background. Sometimes, users may want to shade their interior surroundings. Sometimes, the lifespan of a media display device (e.g., an OLED display device) may be damaged over time by, for example, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, heat, and atmospheric constituents. Such damage may reduce the long-term use of the media display device. At times, users may wish to enhance their external field of view with overlays, augmented reality, and / or lighting. The present invention provides a solution to this and other problems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] An embodiment disclosed herein is a display device construction coupled with a window (e.g., a viewing window, such as a tintable window). The viewing window may include an integral glass unit. The display device construction may include one or more glass panes. The display device may include a display matrix. The display matrix may include, for example, light emitting diodes (LEDs) that are at least partially transparent. The display device may include a liquid crystal display (LCD).

[0004] In another aspect, various media are displayed using glass display device constructions, utilizing at least a portion of a window surface within a facility. The display device can be used to (e.g., at least partially) view the environment outside the window (e.g., an outdoor environment), for example, when the display device is not in operation. The display device can be used to augment external visibility with (e.g., optical) overlays, augmented reality, and / or lighting (e.g., the display device can function as a light source). For example, because the media screen occupies at least a portion of the space in which the window is installed, such use of the window surface portion can optimize efficient space use inside the facility (e.g., a room within the facility).

[0005] In another embodiment, a viewing (e.g., tintable) window is used (e.g., as a background) to aid in shading and / or contrast of the display construction. The shading may be on the exterior of the display construction (e.g., facing away from the viewer). Portions of the support structure behind the display construction can be shaded or shadeable (e.g., using tintable or tinted windows). The viewing window may be active (e.g., tintable) or passive. For example, the viewing window can include a tint that cannot be changed (e.g., controllably and / or electronically). The viewing window can include a tint (e.g., shading) that (i) cannot be changed electronically and / or (ii) can be optically changed (e.g., due to illumination of the viewing window by external lighting such as sunlight and / or street lights). The shading may include a phosphor coating, application of a black pigment, and / or glass tinting. The tint (e.g., shading) may be static or dynamic (e.g., using tintable glass). The shading may or may not be electronically controlled. The shading may be passive. The tint (e.g., shading) may be transparent or opaque. The tint may include visible colors (e.g., any color of the rainbow, such as blue or yellow. For example, the color may be brown, gray, or black). The tint may be at least partially transparent. A transparent tint may facilitate the transition of a significant portion (e.g., greater than about 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 80%, 90%, or 95%) of the intensities and / or wavelengths sensed by the average human eye, or the tint may be completely transparent (e.g., compared to the sense of the average human eye). The shading may be disposed on the backside of the display construction (e.g., as an added and / or laminated layer). The back side of the display construction is the side opposite the viewer side (e.g., the surface of the display construction 101 facing the window 102 (partial view shown)). Shading can be disposed on a structure coupled to and disposed behind the display construction (e.g., a wall, board, or window coupled to and disposed behind the display construction, such as FIG. 1, 102).

[0006] In another aspect, the display construction may include materials (e.g., as a background) to aid in shading and / or contrast of media displayed as part of the display construction. The shading may be on the outside of a transparent display. Materials may be incorporated into polymers, resins, and / or glass as part of the display construction.

[0007] In another aspect, the materials (eg, in the viewing window and / or in the media construction) extend the life of the transparent display device.

[0008] In another aspect, the display device may be controlled separately or together with the control of the tintable window (eg, by a separate controller or by the same controller).

[0009] In another aspect, a viewing system includes a viewing (e.g., tintable) window having at least a clear state and a tinted state, and a display construction configured to display and / or manipulate electronic media, the display construction disposed adjacent to and aligned with the viewing (e.g., tintable) window such that (e.g., when at least the tintable window is in the clear state) a user can view through (i) the display construction and (ii) the viewing (e.g., tintable) window, and the display construction is at least partially transparent.

[0010] In some embodiments, the view is of an external environment outside the viewing (e.g., tintable) window. In some embodiments, the view is of media projected by the display construction. In some embodiments, the display construction is communicatively coupled to a network that transmits electronic media. In some embodiments, the network is communicatively coupled to a building management system. In some embodiments, the display construction is communicatively coupled to one or more controllers that control the display of electronic media by the display construction. In some embodiments, the display construction is communicatively coupled to a first controller and the viewing (e.g., tintable) window is communicatively coupled to a second controller. In some embodiments, the first controller and the second controller are the same controller. In some embodiments, the first controller and the second controller are different controllers that are communicatively coupled. In some embodiments, the first controller and the second controller are communicatively coupled to a third controller. In some embodiments, the display construction is communicatively coupled to a first controller (e.g., a timing controller) disposed in a window frame housing the viewing (e.g., tintable) window. In some embodiments, the display construction is electrically coupled to a power source disposed on a building fixture adjacent to the viewing (e.g., tintable) window. In some embodiments, the building fixture is a wall, ceiling, floor, or window frame housing the viewing (e.g., tintable) window. In some embodiments, the display construction is electrically coupled to a power source disposed a shortest distance from the display construction, the shortest distance being at least about 15 feet. In some embodiments, the display construction is communicatively coupled to a controller (e.g., a timing controller) that controls the display construction, the controller disposed a shortest distance from the display construction, the shortest distance being at least about 5 feet. In some embodiments, the tintable window comprises an electrochromic glass construction.In some embodiments, the display construction includes a first glass pane, a second glass pane, and a display matrix (e.g., a light array) disposed between the first and second glass panes. In some embodiments, the display matrix includes a light emitting diode (LED) array. In some embodiments, the display matrix includes a transparent organic light emitting diode (TOLED) array. In some embodiments, the display matrix has at least about 2000 pixels on its fundamental length scale. In some embodiments, the fundamental length scale of the display matrix is ​​the height or width of the display matrix. In some embodiments, the display matrix is ​​a high-resolution or ultra-high-resolution display matrix. In some embodiments, the display construction is coupled to a viewing (e.g., tintable) window by a fastener. In some embodiments, the fastener includes a hinge, a bracket, or a cover. In some embodiments, the hinge is connected to (i) a bracket connected to the display construction and (ii) a cover connected to a fixture, the hinge facilitating pivoting of the display construction about the hinge joint relative to the fixture. In some embodiments, the hinge is (i) irreversibly connected to the display construct. and (ii) a cover reversibly connected to a fixture, the hinge facilitating pivoting of the display device construct about the hinge joint relative to the fixture. In some embodiments, the cover includes a pivot portion that can be reversibly opened and closed. In some embodiments, circuitry and / or wiring are hidden from a viewer by the cover, and the circuitry and / or wiring can be at least partially exposed by opening the pivot portion. In some embodiments, when the display device construct projects media with the tintable window in its darkest tint, a user cannot see through (i) the display device construct and (ii) the tintable window. In some embodiments, the tint level of the tintable window takes into account the position of the sun, weather conditions, light transmittance through the tintable window, and / or readings of one or more sensors. In some embodiments, at least one of the one or more sensors is disposed on the exterior of the building in which the tintable window is disposed. In some embodiments, the weather conditions include any cloud cover. In some embodiments, the light transmittance through a tintable window is related to the ambient light impinging on the viewing (e.g., tintable) window. In some embodiments, the light transmittance through a viewing (e.g., tintable) window depends on the material properties of the viewing (e.g., tintable) window.

[0011] In another aspect, a system for viewing media includes a viewing (e.g., tintable) window; a display construction disposed adjacent to and / or aligned with the viewing (e.g., tintable) window so that a viewer can see an external environment through the display construction and the viewing (e.g., tintable) window, the display construction including (i) a pair of substrates and (ii) a display matrix laminated between the pair of substrates, the display matrix having at least about 2000 pixels on its fundamental length scale; and a fastener configured to support the display construction and affixed to a frame element of the viewing (e.g., tintable) window.

[0012] In some embodiments, the view is of an external environment external to the viewing (e.g., tintable) window. In some embodiments, the view is of media projected by the display construction. In some embodiments, the display construction is at least thirty percent (30%) transparent. In some embodiments, the viewing (e.g., tintable) window is an electrochromic window. In some embodiments, the fastener includes at least one hinge, and the display construction is affixed to the viewing (e.g., tintable) window by the at least one hinge. In some embodiments, the hinge is configured to facilitate servicing of the display construction. In some embodiments, a driver board communicatively coupled to the display construction is concealed from a viewer by at least one hinge blade. In some embodiments, the system includes a control board and a power supply. In some embodiments, a minimum distance between the display construction and the power supply is at least fifteen feet (15'). In some embodiments, a minimum distance between the control board and the power supply is at least five feet (5'). In some embodiments, the display device construction is coupled to one or more controllers and / or networks by a coaxial cable. In some embodiments, the coaxial cable comprises a micro-coaxial cable. In some embodiments, the fundamental length scale of the display matrix is ​​the height or width of the display matrix. In some embodiments, the display matrix is ​​a high-resolution or ultra-high-resolution display matrix.

[0013] In another aspect, a system for viewing media includes a tintable window having at least a clear state and a tinted state, and a display construction configured to display and / or manipulate electronic media, wherein when at least the tintable window is in the clear state, a user views and / or manipulates electronic media through (i) the display construction and (ii) the tintable window. a display construction disposed adjacent to and aligned with the tintable window and at least partially transparent so as to be viewable through the tintable window, and optionally display circuitry wired directly to the display construction.

[0014] In some embodiments, the display construction is communicatively coupled to a network that transmits electronic media. In some embodiments, the network is communicatively coupled to a building management system. In some embodiments, the display circuitry is configured to be at least partially accessible during its operation and / or after its installation, for example, without dismantling (I) the fasteners from its support structure, (II) the display construction from the fasteners, and / or (III) the E-box and / or power source. The electrical box (e.g., E-box) may include a timing controller for the display construction. In some embodiments, the system further comprises a hinge configured to facilitate reversible access or confinement to display circuitry operation and / or after installation of the display construction. In some embodiments, the display construction is communicatively coupled to one or more controllers that control the display of electronic media by the display construction. In some embodiments, the display construction is communicatively coupled to a first controller and the tintable window is communicatively coupled to a second controller. In some embodiments, the first controller and the second controller are the same controller. In some embodiments, the first controller and the second controller are different controllers that are communicatively coupled. In some embodiments, the first controller and the second controller are communicatively coupled to a third controller. In some embodiments, the display construction is communicatively coupled to the first controller disposed on a window frame housing the tintable window. In some embodiments, the display construction is electrically coupled to a power source disposed on a building fixture adjacent to the tintable window. In some embodiments, the building fixture is a wall, ceiling, floor, or a window frame housing the tintable window. In some embodiments, the display construction is electrically coupled to a power source disposed a minimum distance from the display construction, the minimum distance being at least about 15 feet.In some embodiments, the display construction is communicatively coupled to a controller that controls the display construction, the controller disposed a minimum distance from the display construction, the minimum distance being at least about 5 feet. In some embodiments, the tintable window comprises an electrochromic glass construction. In some embodiments, the display construction comprises a first glass pane, a second glass pane, and a display matrix (e.g., a light array) disposed between the first and second glass panes. In some embodiments, the display matrix comprises a light emitting diode (LED) array. In some embodiments, the display matrix comprises a transparent organic light emitting diode (TOLED) array. In some embodiments, the display matrix has at least about 2000 pixels on its fundamental length scale. In some embodiments, the fundamental length scale of the display matrix is ​​the height or width of the display matrix. In some embodiments, the display matrix is ​​a high-resolution or ultra-high-resolution display matrix. In some embodiments, the display construction is coupled to the tintable window by (e.g., at most one) fastener. In some embodiments, the fastener comprises a hinge, a bracket, or a plank. In some embodiments, the hinge is connected (i) to a bracket connected to the display construction and (ii) to a plank connected to a fixture, where the hinge facilitates pivoting of the display construction about the hinge joint relative to the fixture. In some embodiments, the hinge is (i) reversibly connected to a bracket irreversibly connected to the display construction and (ii) reversibly connected to a plank reversibly connected to the fixture, where the hinge facilitates pivoting of the display construction about the hinge joint relative to the fixture. In some embodiments, the plank includes a pivot portion that can be reversibly opened and closed. In some embodiments, circuitry (e.g., display circuitry and / or touchscreen circuitry) and / or wiring are hidden from a viewer by the plank, and the circuitry and / or wiring are hidden by the pivot portion. The tintable window can be at least partially exposed by opening the tintable window. In some embodiments, when the display device construction projects media with the tintable window in its darkest tint, a user cannot see through (i) the display device construction and (ii) the tintable window. In some embodiments, the tintable window is configured for tint adjustment in conjunction with the media displayed by the display device construction. In some embodiments, the tintable window is configured for manual and / or automatic tint adjustment. In some embodiments, the tintable window is configured for tint adjustment while the display device construction projects media. In some embodiments, the media has passive content that is static at least during tint adjustment. In some embodiments, the media has active content that changes at least during tint adjustment. In some embodiments, the tintable window is configured for tint adjustment by considering the position of the sun, the time of day, the date, the geographic location of the enclosure in which the display device construction is disposed, weather conditions, the transmittance of light through the tintable window, and / or readings of one or more sensors. In some embodiments, at least one of the one or more sensors is disposed on the exterior of the building in which the tintable window is disposed. In some embodiments, the weather conditions include any cloud cover. In some embodiments, the light transmittance through the tintable window is related to external light impinging on the tintable window. In some embodiments, the light transmittance through the tintable window is dependent on material properties of the tintable window. In some embodiments, the at least one touchscreen is disposed proximate to the at least one display construction, the at least one touchscreen being disposed such that the at least one touchscreen overlaps at least a portion of a viewing surface of the at least one display construction.In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to operably couple to the at least one touchscreen, the at least one controller configured to adjust media displayed on the at least one display device construct based at least in part on a user's tactile interaction with the at least one touchscreen. In some embodiments, the at least one display device construct is a plurality of display device constructs configured to display a portion of a screen image, the at least one controller configured to adjust media displayed on the plurality of constructs based at least in part on a user's tactile interaction with the at least one touchscreen. In some embodiments, the at least one touchscreen is a plurality of touchscreens configured to allow a user to use the plurality of touchscreens as if they were a single touchscreen across the plurality of touchscreens. In some embodiments, the at least one touchscreen is a plurality of touchscreens including a first touchscreen, the first touchscreen having a first side directly adjacent to a second side of a second touchscreen. In some embodiments, directly adjacent means that there is no intervening touchscreen. In some embodiments, the first side contacts the second side via an adhesive. In some embodiments, the first side is free of the first panel and the second side is free of the second panel. In some embodiments, the first side is bordered by the first panel and the second side is bordered by the second panel. In some embodiments, the first panel includes a sensor and an emitter, and the second panel includes a sensor and an emitter. In some embodiments, the at least one touchscreen is configured to operably engage at least two sensor and emitter panels, the at least two sensor and emitter panels (a) disposed parallel or substantially parallel to each other and (b) disposed at a distance from each other that is spaced apart by at least a portion of the at least one touchscreen.In some embodiments, the at least one touchscreen is configured to operatively engage at least two sensor and light emitter panels, the at least two sensor and light emitter panels (a) being disposed parallel or substantially parallel to one another and (b) being disposed at a distance from one another that exceeds the distance at which one of the at least one touchscreens is disposed. are.

[0015] In another aspect, a system for viewing media includes a tintable window having at least a clear state and a tinted state, a display construction configured to display and / or manipulate electronic media, the display construction being disposed adjacent to and aligned with the tintable window and being at least partially transparent such that a user can view through (i) the display construction and (ii) the tintable window when at least the tintable window is in the clear state, and optionally a (e.g., at most one) fastener configured to couple to the display construction.

[0016] In some embodiments, the fastener (I) is configured to facilitate access to at least a portion of the display circuitry, (II) is configured to span at least thirty percent (30%) of a lateral length of the display construction, (III) is configured to facilitate heat exchange, and / or (IV) includes a plurality of hinges. In some embodiments, the fastener includes a hinge configured to facilitate reversible access to and confinement of the display circuitry. In some embodiments, the display construction includes (i) a pair of substrates and (ii) a display matrix laminated between the pair of substrates. In some embodiments, the display matrix has at least about 2000 pixels on its fundamental length scale. In some embodiments, the display construction is at least thirty percent (30%) transparent. In some embodiments, the tintable window is an electrochromic window. In some embodiments, the fastener includes at least one hinge, and the display construction is affixed to the tintable window by the at least one hinge. In some embodiments, the hinge is configured to facilitate servicing of the display construction. In some embodiments, a driver board communicatively coupled to the display construction is concealed from a viewer by at least one hinge blade. In some embodiments, the system includes a control board and a power supply. In some embodiments, a minimum distance between the display construction and the power supply is at least 15 feet (15'). In some embodiments, a minimum distance between the control board and the power supply is at least 5 feet (5'). In some embodiments, the display construction is coupled to one or more controllers and / or networks by a coaxial cable. In some embodiments, the coaxial cable comprises a micro-coaxial cable. In some embodiments, a fundamental length scale of the display matrix is ​​the height or width of the display matrix. In some embodiments, the display matrix is ​​a high-resolution or ultra-high-resolution display matrix. In some embodiments, the colorable window is configured for color tint adjustment in conjunction with media displayed by the display construction.In some embodiments, the tintable window is configured for manual and / or automatic tint adjustment. In some embodiments, the tintable window is configured for tint adjustment while the display device construction projects media. In some embodiments, the media has passive content that is static at least during tint adjustment. In some embodiments, the media has active content that changes at least during tint adjustment. In some embodiments, the tintable window is configured for tint adjustment by considering the position of the sun, the time of day, the date, the geographic location of the enclosure in which the display device construction is disposed, weather conditions, the transmittance of light through the tintable window, and / or one or more sensor readings. In some embodiments, at least one touchscreen is disposed proximate to the at least one display device construction, the at least one touchscreen being disposed such that the at least one touchscreen overlaps at least a portion of a viewing surface of the at least one display device construction. In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to operably couple to the at least one touchscreen, the at least one controller adjusting media displayed on the at least one display device construct based at least in part on user tactile interaction with the at least one touchscreen. In some embodiments, the at least one display device construction is a plurality of display device constructions, each of the plurality of display device constructions configured to display a portion of a screen image, and the at least one controller is configured to adjust media displayed on the plurality of constructions based at least in part on user tactile interaction with the at least one touchscreen. In some embodiments, the at least one touchscreen is a plurality of touchscreens configured to allow a user to use the plurality of touchscreens as if they were a single touchscreen across the plurality of touchscreens. In some embodiments, the at least one touchscreen is a plurality of touchscreens including a first touchscreen, the first touchscreen having a first side directly adjacent to a second side of a second touchscreen. In some embodiments, directly adjacent means that there is no intervening touchscreen. In some embodiments, the first side contacts the second side via an adhesive. In some embodiments, the first side is absent from a first panel and / or the second side is absent from a second panel. In some embodiments, the first side is bordered by a first panel and / or the second side is bordered by a second panel. In some embodiments, the first panel includes a sensor and an light emitter, and / or the second panel includes a sensor and an light emitter. In some embodiments, the at least one touchscreen is configured to operably engage at least two sensor and light emitter panels, the at least two sensor and light emitter panels (a) disposed parallel or substantially parallel to each other and / or (b) disposed at a distance from each other that is spaced apart by at least a portion of the at least one touchscreen.In some embodiments, the at least one touchscreen is configured to operatively engage at least two sensor and light emitter panels, the at least two sensor and light emitter panels (a) disposed parallel or substantially parallel to one another and / or (b) disposed at a distance from one another that exceeds the distance at which one of the at least one touchscreen is disposed. In some embodiments, the at least two sensor and light emitter panels are disposed such that a radiation-emitting light emitter in a first panel can be sensed by a sensor in a second panel disposed parallel or substantially parallel to the first panel, the first panel and the second panel being included in the at least two sensor and light emitter panels.

[0017] In another aspect, an apparatus for controlling viewing of media comprises at least one controller including control circuitry configured to: (a) operably couple to a display construction configured to display and / or manipulate electronic media, the display construction disposed adjacent to and aligned with a tintable window such that a user can view through (i) the display construction and (ii) the tintable window when at least the tintable window is in a bleached state, the display construction being at least partially transparent, the tintable window having at least one bleached state and one tinted state, the display construction optionally being coupled to (A) display circuitry wired to the display construction and / or (B) coupled to (e.g., at most one) fastener configured to couple to the display construction; and (b) control or direct the control of the display construction.

[0018] In some embodiments, the display circuitry is configured to be at least partially accessible during its operation and / or after its installation, for example, without disassembling (A) the fasteners from its support structure, (B) the display assembly from the fasteners, and / or (C) the E-box and / or power supply. The electrical box (e.g., E-box) may contain a timing controller for the display assembly. In some embodiments, the fasteners (I) facilitate access to at least a portion of the display circuitry and (II) the display assembly. and (III) configured to facilitate heat exchange, and / or (IV) include a plurality of hinges over at least thirty percent (30%) of a length of a side of the construct. In some embodiments, the display circuitry includes at least a portion of the control circuitry. The display construct is coupled to hinges configured to facilitate reversible access and confinement to the display circuitry. In some embodiments, the at least one controller is part of a hierarchical control system. In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to diagnose or direct a diagnosis of the display construct. In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to compensate for or direct compensation for operation of the display construct. In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to (i) diagnose or direct a diagnosis of the display construct to generate a diagnosis, and (ii) compensate for or direct compensation for operation of the display construct by using the diagnosis. In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to adjust or direct an adjustment of the display construct to compensate for deviations from the intended operation of the display construct. In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to monitor a status or direct monitoring of a status of a filter configured to filter the ambient air. In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to monitor a lifespan of the filter or direct monitoring of a lifespan of the filter. In some embodiments, the status includes the effectiveness of the filter. In some embodiments, the status includes a clog status of the filter, a flow rate of ambient air through the filter, accumulated operating time, and / or durability. In some embodiments, the filter includes a high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter. In some embodiments, the filter is configured to filter particles up to milli-, micro-, or nano-scale. In some embodiments, the filter is configured to filter pathogens and / or particulate matter.In some embodiments, the filter is configured to filter living and / or non-living matter. In some embodiments, the filter is included in a ventilation system. In some embodiments, the filter is disposed in a ventilation opening leading to or within an enclosure in which the display construct is disposed. In some embodiments, the filter is disposed outside of the enclosure in which the display construct is disposed. In some embodiments, the filter is disposed on a fixed object. In some embodiments, the fixed object is a wall or a window frame. In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to monitor a temperature of the display construct or direct monitoring of a temperature of the display construct. In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to diagnose the display construct at least in part by monitoring the temperature of the display construct or directing monitoring of the temperature of the display construct. In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to use the temperature of the display construct to compensate for operation of the display construct or direct compensation for operation of the display construct. In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to monitor a state of, or direct the monitoring of a state of, one or more pixels of the display construction. In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to diagnose, or at least in part direct the diagnosis of, the display construction by monitoring a state of, or directing the monitoring of a state of, one or more pixels of the display construction. In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to adjust operation of, or direct the adjustment of operation of, the display construction based at least in part on the state of, one or more pixels of the display construction.In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to monitor or direct the monitoring of the operation of at least one fan configured to operate in conjunction with the display assembly. The at least one controller is configured to monitor operation of or direct monitoring of operation of at least one fan configured to operate in conjunction with the display construct, thereby diagnosing or directing diagnosis of at least a portion of the display construct. In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to adjust or direct adjustment of operation of the display construct based at least in part on operation of the at least one fan. In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to adjust or direct adjustment of operation of the display construct based at least in part on usage of at least one pixel of the display construct. In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to adjust or direct adjustment of the display construct based at least in part on a temperature of the display construct. In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to operably couple to at least one sensor including a pressure sensor, a gas flow sensor, a temperature sensor, or an electromagnetic sensor, and the at least one controller is configured to adjust or direct adjustment of operation of the display construct based at least in part on operation of the at least one sensor. In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to adjust or direct the adjustment of operation of the display construction based at least in part on the current, voltage, and / or power supplied to the display construction to achieve the intended purpose. In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to adjust or direct the adjustment of operation of the display construction based at least in part on the current, voltage, and / or power supplied to at least one pixel of the display construction to achieve the intended purpose.In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to cycle or direct the cycling of the display constructions after a predetermined time interval, where cycling the display constructions includes changing the media being displayed over time to reduce degradation of one or more pixels of the display constructions. In some embodiments, the one or more pixels include light emitting diodes. In some embodiments, the light emitting diodes are organic light emitting diodes. In some embodiments, the light emitting diodes are at least partially transparent. In some embodiments, the predetermined time interval is adjusted based at least in part on a viewing type of the display construction during a previous predetermined time interval. In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to operably couple to at least one touchscreen disposed proximate to the display constructions, where the at least one controller is configured to adjust the media displayed on the display constructions based at least in part on a user tactile interaction with the at least one touchscreen. In some embodiments, the at least one display construction is a plurality of display constructions configured to display a portion of a screen image, where the at least one controller is configured to adjust the media displayed on the plurality of constructions based at least in part on a user tactile interaction with the at least one touchscreen. In some embodiments, the at least one touchscreen is a plurality of touchscreens, and the at least one controller is configured to allow a user to use the plurality of touchscreens as if they were a single touchscreen across the plurality of touchscreens. In some embodiments, the at least one touchscreen is a plurality of touchscreens, including a first touchscreen, the first touchscreen having a first side directly adjacent to a second side of a second touchscreen. In some embodiments, directly adjacent means that there is no intervening touchscreen. In some embodiments, the first side contacts the second side via an adhesive.In some embodiments, the first side is free of the first panel and / or the second side is free of the second panel, in some embodiments, the first side is bordered by the first panel and / or the second side is bordered by the second panel. In some embodiments, the first panel includes sensors and light emitters, and / or the second panel includes sensors and light emitters. In some embodiments, the at least one touchscreen is configured to operably engage with at least two sensor and light emitter panels, the at least two sensor and light emitter panels (a) disposed parallel or substantially parallel to each other, and (b) disposed a distance apart from each other that is greater than the distance at which at least a portion of the at least one touchscreen is disposed. In some embodiments, the at least one touchscreen is configured to operably engage with at least two sensor and light emitter panels, the at least two sensor and light emitter panels (a) disposed parallel or substantially parallel to each other, and (b) disposed a distance apart that is greater than the distance at which one of the at least one touchscreen is disposed. In some embodiments, at least two sensor and light emitter panels are arranged such that a radiation-emitting light emitter in a first panel can be sensed by a sensor in a second panel arranged parallel or substantially parallel to the first panel, and these first and second panels are included in the at least two sensor and light emitter panels.

[0019] In another aspect, a non-transitory computer program product for controlling viewing of media includes instructions registered therein that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations including any of the operations of the apparatus described above.

[0020] In another aspect, a method for controlling visibility of media includes displaying and / or manipulating electronic media on a display construction disposed adjacent to and aligned with a tintable window such that a user can view through (i) the display construction and (ii) the tintable window when at least the tintable window is in a bleached state, the display construction being at least partially transparent, and the tintable window having at least one bleached state and one tinted state, and optionally using (A) display circuitry configured to communicate with the display construction and / or (e.g., at most one) fastener configured to couple to the display construction.

[0021] In some embodiments, the display circuitry is configured to be at least partially accessible during its operation and / or after its installation, e.g., without disassembling (A) the fasteners from their support structure, (B) the display construction from the fasteners, and / or (C) the E-box and / or power supply. The electrical box (e.g., E-box) may include a timing controller for the display construction. In some embodiments, the fasteners are configured to (I) facilitate access to at least a portion of the display circuitry, (II) span at least thirty percent (30%) of a lateral length of the display construction, and / or (III) exchange heat, and / or (IV) include multiple hinges. In some embodiments, the display circuitry is reversibly accessible or confined, e.g., without disassembling (A) the fasteners from their support structure, (B) the display construction from the fasteners, and / or (C) the E-box and / or power supply, by using at least one hinge of the fasteners. The electrical box (e.g., E-box) may include a timing controller for the display construction. In some embodiments, the method further includes diagnosing the display construct to make a diagnosis. In some embodiments, diagnosing the display construct is performed by at least one controller of a hierarchical control system. In some embodiments, the method further includes using the diagnosis in compensating one or more operations of the display construct. In some embodiments, the method further includes using at least one touchscreen disposed proximate to the display construct to make a diagnosis. In some embodiments, the method further includes adjusting the media displayed on the display device construction based at least in part on the user's tactile interaction with the lean. In some embodiments, the display device construction is a multiple display device construction displaying a portion of a screen image. In some embodiments, the method further includes adjusting the media displayed on the multiple display device constructions based at least in part on the user's tactile interaction with the at least one touchscreen. In some embodiments, the at least one touchscreen is a multiple touchscreen. In some embodiments, the method further includes the user using the multiple touchscreens as if the multiple touchscreens were a single touchscreen spanning the multiple touchscreens.

[0022] In another aspect, a non-transitory computer program product for controlling viewing of media includes instructions registered therein that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations including any of the operations of the methods described above.

[0023] In another aspect, a method for maintaining a media display device includes: (a) displaying electronic media on a display device construction including light projection components; (b) generating sensor data using at least one sensor for sensing the media displayed by light projection components of the display device construction; (c) evaluating a status of at least one of the light projection components by comparing the displayed media with media requested to be displayed using the sensor data; and (d) using a control system to (i) adjust illumination of at least one of the light projection components to illuminate a requested illumination level of the media to be displayed, and / or (ii) predicting maintenance of the display device construction when a status of at least one of the light projection components is below a threshold, wherein the control system is operably coupled to the display device construction and the at least one sensor.

[0024] In some embodiments, maintaining the display construction includes replacing the display construction. In some embodiments, the controlling includes a hierarchy of controllers. In some embodiments, the method further includes controlling an enclosure in which the display construction is disposed using the control system. In some embodiments, the method further includes controlling an atmosphere of the enclosure in which the display construction is disposed using the control system. In some embodiments, the method further includes using a building management system to control a building in which the display construction is disposed, the control system being coupled to and / or controlled by the building management system. In some embodiments, the method further includes controlling cyclic illumination of at least one of the light illumination components using the control system. In some embodiments, the method further includes using a learning module, or directing the use of the learning module, to predict maintenance of at least one of the light illumination components using the control system. In some embodiments, the control system is communicatively coupled to a network configured to provide data and / or power to the display construction.

[0025] In another aspect, a non-transitory computer program product for maintaining a media display device includes instructions registered therein that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations including any of the operations of the methods described above.

[0026] In another aspect, an apparatus for maintaining a media display device includes at least one controller including circuitry (a) operably coupled to a display device structure and at least one sensor; and (b) controlling a display. The display device is configured to: (a) instruct a device construct to display electronic media, the display device construct including a light projection component; (c) instruct at least one sensor to sense the media displayed by a light projection component of the display device construct to generate sensor data; (d) evaluate a status of at least one of the light projection components by using, or instructing the use of, the sensor data to compare the displayed media with media requested to be displayed; (e) instruct at least one of the light projection components to adjust illumination so that the at least one of the light projection components illuminates a requested illumination level of the media to be displayed; and / or (f) predict a maintenance of the display device construct or instruct a prediction of a maintenance of the display device construct when a status of at least one of the light projection components is below a threshold.

[0027] In some embodiments, maintaining the display construction includes replacing the display construction. In some embodiments, the control includes a hierarchy of controllers. In some embodiments, the control system is configured to control an enclosure in which the display construction is disposed. In some embodiments, the control system is configured to control an atmosphere of the enclosure in which the display construction is disposed. In some embodiments, the control system is configured in a building management system that controls a building in which the display construction is disposed. In some embodiments, the control system is configured to control cyclic illumination of at least one of the light illumination components. In some embodiments, the control system is configured to use or direct the use of a learning module to predict maintenance of at least one of the light illumination components. In some embodiments, the learning module includes a neural network. In some embodiments, the learning module includes one or more deep learning algorithms. In some embodiments, the control system is communicatively coupled to a network configured to provide data and / or power to the display construction.

[0028] In another aspect, a non-transitory computer program product for maintaining a media display device includes instructions registered therein that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations including any of the operations of at least one controller described above.

[0029] In some embodiments, a method for viewing media is disclosed in which the media is viewed on a display device construction operably coupled to a viewing (e.g., tintable) window using any of the systems and / or devices disclosed herein.

[0030] In some embodiments, a method for viewing an external environment of a viewing window is disclosed using any of the systems and / or devices disclosed herein to view the external environment of the viewing (e.g., tintable) window while a display device construct is operably coupled to the viewing (e.g., tintable) window, for example, and within the user's line of sight and the external environment.

[0031] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides methods of using any of the systems and / or devices disclosed herein, eg, for their intended purposes.

[0032] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides systems, apparatus (e.g., controllers), and / or non-transitory computer-readable media (e.g., software) that implement any of the methods disclosed herein.

[0033] In another aspect, an apparatus may be provided that implements (e.g., performs) any of the methods disclosed herein. and at least one controller programmed to direct the mechanism used to perform the at least one function, the at least one controller being operably coupled to the mechanism.

[0034] In another aspect, the apparatus comprises at least one controller configured (e.g., programmed) to implement (e.g., execute) the methods disclosed herein. The at least one controller is capable of implementing any of the methods disclosed herein.

[0035] In another aspect, a system comprises at least one controller programmed to direct the operation of at least one other device (or component thereof), and a device (or component thereof), wherein the at least one controller is operably coupled to the device (or component thereof). The device (or component thereof) can include any device (or component thereof) disclosed herein. The at least one controller can direct any device (or component thereof) disclosed herein.

[0036] In another aspect, a computer software product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon program instructions that, when read by a computer, cause the computer to direct an apparatus (e.g., an apparatus and / or any of its components) disclosed herein to implement (e.g., perform) any of the methods disclosed herein, the non-transitory computer-readable medium being operably coupled to the apparatus. The apparatus can comprise any apparatus (or any component thereof) disclosed herein.

[0037] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising machine-executable code that, when executed by one or more computer processors, implements any of the methods disclosed herein.

[0038] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising machine-executable code that, when executed by one or more computer processors, executes instructions of a controller (e.g., as disclosed herein).

[0039] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a computer system comprising one or more computer processors and a non-transitory computer-readable medium coupled thereto, the non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising machine-executable code that, when executed by the one or more computer processors, implements any of the methods disclosed herein and / or executes instructions of the controller disclosed herein.

[0040] Additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, wherein only illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure are shown and described. As will be realized, the present disclosure is capable of other and different embodiments, and its several details are capable of modifications in various obvious respects, all without departing from the present disclosure. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive.

[0041] These and other features and embodiments are described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.

[0042] Incorporation by Reference All publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. To the same extent as if each of the preceding claims were incorporated herein by reference. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0043] The novel features of the invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. A better understanding of the features and advantages of the present invention will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description that sets forth illustrative embodiments, in which the principles of the invention are utilized, and the accompanying drawings or figures (also referred to herein as "figure" and "figures").

[0044] [Figure 1] 1A and 1B show various window and display constructions. [Figure 2] 1 shows a schematic representation of a display construction assembly. [Figure 3] 1 shows a schematic representation of a display construction assembly. [Figure 4] 1 shows a schematic representation of a hinge. [Figure 5] 10A-10C show various fasteners and display construction assemblies in schematic form. [Figure 6] Schematically shows various fasteners, display construction assemblies, and wiring. [Figure 7] 10A-10C show various fasteners and display construction assemblies in schematic form. [Figure 8] 1A-1C show various views of the display construction assembly and applicator in a schematic manner. [Figure 9] 1A-1C show various views of a display construction assembly in a schematic manner. [Figure 10] 10A-10C are schematic diagrams illustrating various fastener options and display construction assemblies. [Figure 11] 1. Generally, various operations in forming a display construction assembly. [Figure 12] 10A-10C show various fasteners and display construction assemblies in schematic form. [Figure 13] 1 shows a schematic representation of the various layers of the electrochromic construction. [Figure 14] 14A and 14B show various views of a one-piece glass unit. [Figure 15] 1 shows a schematic representation of a control hierarchy scheme and a building. [Figure 16] 1 illustrates a schematic representation of a processing system. [Figure 17] 1 shows a schematic representation of a display construction assembly and a controller and power supply assembly. [Figure 18] 1 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a method of operation for a display device construction. [Figure 19] 1 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a method of operation for a display device construction. [Figure 20] 1 shows a schematic of a control scheme for a display construction. [Figure 21] 21A and 21B show schematic diagrams of various window and display constructions. [Figure 22] 22A and 22B show schematic diagrams of various window and display constructions. [Figure 23] 1A-1C show schematic diagrams of various window and display constructions. [Figure 24] 1A-1C show schematic diagrams of various window and display constructions. [Figure 25] 1A-1C show schematic diagrams of various window and display constructions. [Figure 26] 1 shows a schematic representation of an exploded (e.g., exploded) view of a box with circuitry. [Figure 27] 27A and 27B show diagrammatically different views of a box with a circuit. [Figure 28] 1 shows a schematic representation of a display construction and associated components. [Figure 29] 29A to 29D show schematic diagrams of various display constructions. [Figure 30] 30A and 30B show schematic diagrams of various display constructions. [Figure 31] 31A and 31B show schematic diagrams of various display constructions. [Figure 32] 1 shows a schematic representation of an exploded (e.g., exploded) view of a box with a circuit. [Figure 33] 33A to 33D show diagrammatically different views of a box with a circuit. [Figure 34] 34A to 34E show diagrammatically different views of a box with a circuit. [Figure 35] 1A-1C are schematic diagrams illustrating various views of a display device construction and associated components (eg, portions thereof). [Figure 36] 1A-1C are schematic diagrams illustrating various views of a display device construction and associated components (eg, portions thereof). [Figure 37] 1A-1C are schematic diagrams illustrating various views of a display device construction and associated components (eg, portions thereof). [Figure 38] 1A-1C are schematic diagrams illustrating various views of a display device construction and associated components (eg, portions thereof). [Figure 39] 1A-1C are schematic diagrams illustrating various views of a display device construction and associated components (eg, portions thereof). [Figure 40] 1A and 1B show various views of parts of a display device construction and associated components (eg, portions thereof). [Figure 41] 1A-1C are schematic diagrams illustrating various views of a display device construction and associated components (eg, portions thereof). [Figure 42] 1A-1C show various views of a portion of a display construction and associated components. [Figure 43] 1A-1C show various views of a portion of a fastener and associated components in a schematic manner.

[0045] The figures and components therein may not be drawn to scale. Various components of the figures described herein may not be drawn to scale. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0046] While various embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous variations, changes, and substitutions may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. It will be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein may be used.

[0047] Terms such as "a," "an," and "the" are not intended to refer to only a single entity, but include general classes of which specific examples may be used to describe. While terms herein are used to describe particular embodiments of the invention, their usage does not define the invention.

[0048] When a range is mentioned, unless otherwise specified, the range is meant to be inclusive. For example, a range between the value 1 and the value 2 is inclusive and means to include the values ​​1 and 2. An inclusive range extends to any value from about the value 1 to about the value 2. As used herein, the terms "adjacent" or "adjacent to" include "next to," "adjoining," "in contact with," and "in proximity to."

[0049] The terms "operably coupled" or "operably connected" refer to a first element (e.g., a mechanism) that is coupled (e.g., connected) to a second element to enable the intended operation of the second element and / or the first element. The coupling can include a physical or non-physical coupling. A non-physical coupling can include a signal-inductive coupling (e.g., a wireless coupling). The coupling can include a physical coupling (e.g., physically connected) or a non-physical coupling (e.g., via wireless communication).

[0050] An element (e.g., a mechanism) that is "configured" to perform a function includes structural features that cause the element to perform that function. Structural features may include electrical features, such as circuits or circuit elements. Structural features may include circuits (e.g., comprising electrical or optical circuits). The electrical circuit can include one or more wires. The optical circuit can include at least one optical element (e.g., a beam splitter, a mirror, a lens, and / or an optical fiber). The structural features can include mechanical features. The mechanical features can include latches, springs, closures, hinges, chassis, supports, fasteners, or cantilevers, etc. Performing a function can include utilizing logical features. The logical features can include programming instructions. The programming instructions can be executable by at least one processor. The programming instructions can be stored or encoded in (e.g., non-volatile) media accessible by one or more processors.

[0051] In some embodiments, the display device construct is coupled with a viewing (e.g., tintable viewing) window. The viewing window may include an integral glass unit. The display device construct may include one or more glass panes. The display device (e.g., a display matrix) may include light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The LEDs may include organic materials (e.g., organic light-emitting diodes, abbreviated herein as "OLEDs"). The OLEDs may include transparent organic light-emitting diode displays (abbreviated herein as "TOLEDs"), which are at least partially transparent. The display device may have 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, or 8000 pixels on its fundamental length scale. The display device may have any number of pixels between the aforementioned numbers of pixels on its fundamental length scale (e.g., from about 2000 pixels to about 4000 pixels, from about 4000 pixels to about 8000 pixels, or from about 2000 pixels to about 8000 pixels). The fundamental length scale may include the diameter, length, width, or height of a bounding circle. The fundamental length scale may be abbreviated herein as "FLS." The display device construction may include a high-resolution display device. For example, the display device construction may have a resolution of at least about 550, 576, 680, 720, 768, 1024, 1080, 1920, 1280, 2160, 3840, 4096, 4320, or 7680 pixels by at least about 550, 576, 680, 720, 768, 1024, 1080, 1280, 1920, 2160, 3840, 4096, 4320, or 7680 pixels (at 30 Hz or 60 Hz). The first number of pixels may specify the height of the display device, and the second number of pixels may specify the length of the display device. For example, the display device may be a high-resolution display device having a resolution of 1920 x 1080, 3840 x 2160, 4096 x 2160, or 7680 x 4320. The display device may be a standard-definition display device, an extended-definition display device, a high-definition display device, or an ultra-high-definition display device. The display device may be rectangular.The image projected by the display matrix can be refreshed (e.g., at a refresh rate) at a frequency of at least about 20 Hz, 30 Hz, 60 Hz, 70 Hz, 75 Hz, 80 Hz, 100 Hz, or 120 hertz (Hz). The FLS of the display construction can be at least 20", 25", 30", 35", 40", 45", 50", 55", 60", 65", 80", or 90 inches ("""). The FLS of the display construction can be any value between the aforementioned values ​​(e.g., about 20" to about 55", about 55" to about 100", or about 20" to about 100").

[0052] In some embodiments, various media are displayed using glass display constructions utilizing at least a portion of a window surface within a facility. The display constructions can be used, for example, to provide (e.g., at least partial) visibility of the environment outside the window (e.g., an outdoor environment) when the display constructions are not operational. The display constructions can be used to display media (e.g., as disclosed herein) and can augment the external field of view using (e.g., optical) overlays, augmented reality, and / or lighting (e.g., the display constructions can function as light sources). Media can be used for entertainment and non-entertainment purposes. Media can be used for work (e.g., data analysis, drafting, and / or video conferencing). Media can be manipulated (e.g., by utilizing the display constructions). The use of the display construct can be direct or indirect. Indirect use of the media can be through the use of an input device such as an electronic mouse or keyboard. The input device can be communicatively coupled (e.g., wired and / or wirelessly) to the media. Direct use can be through the use of the display construct as a touch screen using a user (e.g., a finger) or a pointing device (e.g., an electronic pen or stylus). The pointing device can be made of and / or coated with a low-abrasive material (e.g., a polymer). The low-abrasive material can be configured to facilitate contact (e.g., repeated) with the display construct while minimizing damage (e.g., scratches) to the display construct. The low-abrasive material can include a polymer or resin (e.g., plastic). The pointing device can be passive or active. An active pointing device can be operably coupled to the display construct and / or the network. An active pointing device can include circuitry. An active pointing device can include a remote controller. The pointing device can facilitate pointing of actions related to media presented by the display device construction. The pointing device can facilitate interaction (e.g., in real time and / or in situ) with media presented by the display device construction.

[0053] Embodiments described herein relate to a vision window with a tandem (e.g., transparent) display construction. In certain embodiments, the vision window is an electrochromic window. The electrochromic window can include a solid electrochromic (EC) device and / or an inorganic electrochromic (EC) device. The vision window can take the form of an integral glass unit (IGU). When an IGU includes an electrochromic (abbreviated herein as "EC") device, it can be referred to as an "EC IGU." An EC IGU can change (e.g., darken) the color tint of a room in which it is installed and / or provide a tinted (e.g., darker) background compared to an untinted IGU. A tinted IGU can provide a preferred (e.g., required) background for acceptable (e.g., good) contrast with a (e.g., transparent) display construction. In another example, a window with a (e.g., transparent) display construction can replace a television (abbreviated herein as "TV") in commercial and residential applications. The (e.g., transparent) display construction and EC.IGU together can provide visual privacy glass functionality, for example, because the display can augment the privacy provided by the EC glass alone. Embodiments disclosed herein also describe specific methods, devices, and systems for attaching a display construction (e.g., a transparent display) to the frame system of a vision window.

[0054] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a window 102 surrounded by a window frame 103 (partial view shown) and a fastener structure 104 including first and second hinges 105a and 105b that facilitate rotation of a display construction 101 about a hinge axis, e.g., in the direction of arrow 111. The window may be an electrochromic window. The window may be in the form of an EC IGU. In one embodiment, one or more display constructions (e.g., transparent displays) (e.g., 101) that are at least partially transparent are attached to the window frame (e.g., 103). In one embodiment, the one or more display constructions (e.g., transparent displays) include T-OLED technology, although it should be understood that the present invention should not be limited by or to such technology. In one embodiment, the one or more display constructions (e.g., transparent displays) are attached to the frame (e.g., 103) via a fastener structure (e.g., 104). In one embodiment, the fastener structure (also referred to herein as a "fastener") comprises a bracket. In one embodiment, the fastener structure comprises an L-shaped bracket. In one embodiment, the L-shaped bracket has a length that approximates or is equal to the length of the side of the window (e.g., and in the example shown in FIG. 1A, also the length of the fastener 104). In an embodiment, the fundamental length scale (e.g., length) of the window is up to The FLS of the window can be any value between the aforementioned values ​​(e.g., 1' to 60', 1' to 30', 30' to 60', or 10' to 40'). In an embodiment, the fundamental length scale (e.g., length) of the window is at least about 50', 60', 80', or 100'. In one embodiment, the display construction (e.g., a transparent display) encompasses an area that (e.g., substantially) coincides with the surface area of ​​the lite (e.g., pane). The fastener structure can be attached to the structure (e.g., a frame portion such as a mullion) via a locking mechanism (e.g., a snap lock) and / or via a screw, which can be configured for, for example, slip and snap attachment. The fastener can include a mounting plate. The fasteners may be configured to allow associated cables and / or wiring to reside within a cavity (e.g., a frame portion) of the support structure (e.g., a fixture) without exerting pressure on the support structure (e.g., a fixture). The support structure may include a clip (e.g., a spring clip) to hold the fastener in place.

[0055] In certain embodiments, the area of ​​the display device approximates the vision area of ​​a window (e.g., the area within the window's frame system (e.g., see 1 in FIG. 1B)). In one embodiment, one or more display device constructions (e.g., transparent display devices) together cover (e.g., nearly and / or substantially) the vision area of ​​the window (e.g., see 2 and 3 in FIG. 1b). In one embodiment, the transparent display devices encompass an area that is about half of the vision area of ​​the (e.g., tintable) window. In one embodiment, two or more display devices are mounted on a single vision window (see 2 and 3 in FIG. 1b). The display device constructions can cover at least a portion of the (e.g., tintable) window. The display device constructions can cover at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, or 99% of the visible portion of the (e.g., tintable) window. The area occupied by the display construction can be the entire (100%) of the visible portion of the (e.g., tintable) window. The area occupied by the display construction can be any percentage of the visible portion of the (e.g., tintable) window between the aforementioned percentages (e.g., about 10% to about 100%, about 10% to about 50%, or about 50% to about 100%). Sometimes, multiple display constructions can cover a (e.g., tintable) window. The display constructions can be attached in one or more layouts and / or configurations, for example, to maximize design flexibility. Multiple fasteners can be coupled to (e.g., each) multiple display constructions (e.g., to enable pivoting of the display constructions). FIG. 1B shows example windows within a building facade 120, which includes windows 122, 123, and 121 and display constructions 1, 2, and 3. In the example shown in FIG. 1B, the display structure 1 is at least partially transparent and is disposed on the window 123 so that the entire window 123 is covered by the display structure (e.g., the display structure 1 is superimposed on the window 123), allowing the user to view the external environment (e.g., flowers, glass, and trees) through the display structure 1 and the window 123.Display construction 1 is coupled to window 121 using fasteners that facilitate rotation of the display construction about an axis parallel to the bottom horizontal edge of the window, in the direction of arrow 127. In the example shown in FIG. 1B , display constructions 2 and 3 are at least partially transparent and are disposed on window 121, such that the entire window 121 is covered by the two display constructions, each covering (e.g., extending over) approximately half of the surface area of ​​window 121, allowing a user to view the external environment (e.g., flowers, glass, and trees) through display constructions 2 and 3 and window 121. Display construction 2 is coupled to window 121 using fasteners that facilitate rotation of the display construction about an axis parallel to the left vertical edge of the window, in the direction of arrow 126. The display construction 3 is coupled to the window using fasteners that facilitate rotation of the display construction about an axis parallel to the right vertical edge of the window 121, in the direction of arrow 125.

[0056] In some embodiments, the display construct is coupled to a structure (e.g., a fixture). The structure may include a window, a wall, or a board. The display construct may be coupled to the structure with fasteners. There may be a distance between the display construct and the structure, for example, when the display construct is in operation. The distance may be up to about 0.5 meters (m), 0.4 m, 0.3 m, 0.2 m, 0.1 m, 0.05 m, 0.025 m, or 0.01 m.

[0057] In some embodiments, the E-box is operably coupled to or includes a power source. The power source can be an electrical device that supplies power to an electrical load. The power source can convert current from the power source to the correct voltage, current, and / or frequency to power the load. The power source can limit the current drawn by the load to a safe level (e.g., in accordance with jurisdictional and / or safety standards), interrupt the current (e.g., in the event of an electrical fault), condition the power (e.g., to prevent electronic noise and / or voltage surges at the input from reaching the load), correct the power factor, and / or store energy (e.g., to facilitate continued operation of the load if the power source is temporarily interrupted). The load can be a media display device (e.g., an OLED display device). The power source can be a power converter. The power source can be a separate, standalone device. The power source can be included in the E-box. The standalone power source device can be disposed within a structure, such as a fixture. The structure can include a window frame (e.g., a mullion or transom) or a wall. The power source device can be disposed remotely from the E-box and / or timing controller. The distance can be at least about 30 feet ('), 50', 100', 200', 300'. The E-box may or may not be part of the fastener (e.g., attached to the fastener). In some embodiments, the E-box (e.g., including any analog-to-digital converter) can be disposed remotely from the fastener (e.g., not part of the fastener).

[0058] In some embodiments, the housing of an electronic component (e.g., a circuit) includes at least one heat exchanger. For example, an E-box, a power supply housing, and / or a timing controller housing (e.g., a fastener) may include one or more heat exchangers (e.g., as disclosed herein). The heat exchanger may be a fan. The heat exchanger may be passive or active. The heat exchanger may include a heat pipe. The heat exchanger may comprise components configured to efficiently absorb and / or transfer heat. For example, the heat exchanger may include a metal slab (e.g., a heat sink). The metal slab may include an elemental metal or a metal alloy.

[0059] In some embodiments, the housing of an electronic component (e.g., a fastener) may include one or more fans. The fan may direct gas (e.g., air) from one side to the other (e.g., pushing gas into the surrounding environment or drawing gas from the surrounding environment). The direction in which the fan rotates may determine the gas pushing / drawing function. The fan may have a fundamental length scale (e.g., height, length, width, radius, or radius of a bounding circle). The fundamental length scale (FLS) of the fan may be up to about 5 centimeters (cm), 4 cm, 3 cm, 2.5 cm, 2 cm, 1.5 cm, 1 cm, or 0.5 cm. The FLS may have any value between the aforementioned values ​​(e.g., about 5 cm to about 0.5 cm, about 5 cm to about 2 cm, or about 2 cm to about 0.5 cm). The height and length of the fan may be (e.g., substantially) equal. The width of the fan may be at most about one-half, one-third, one-quarter, or one-fifth of the height and / or length of the fan. The fan may have multiple blades (e.g., at least 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 blades). In some embodiments, the fan may be bladeless. The fan may require a low voltage, for example, at most about 1.5 volts (V), 2V, 3V, 4V, 5V, 6V, 7V, 8V, 9V, or 10V. The speed of the fan may be at least The fan may have a low noise signature. The low noise signature may be up to about 10.0 decibels (dbA), 15 dbA, 20 dbA, 25 dbA, or 30 dbA, where the dbA value is adjusted to account for the varying sensitivity of the human ear to sounds of various frequencies. The low noise signature may be lower than a speaking voice (e.g., about 65 dbA). A low noise signature is at most that of breathing noise (e.g., about 10 dbA), a quiet laboratory (e.g., about 20 dbA), a soft whisper (e.g., about 40 dbA), or an office environment (e.g., about 50 dbA to about 65 dbA). The fan noise level may comply with jurisdictional standards, for example, standards promulgated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). The fan weight is at most about 5 grams (g), 6 g, 8 g, or 10 g. The fan has a flow rate of at least about 0.02 cubic meters per minute (M 3 / min), 0.03M 3 / min, 0.04M 3 / min, 0.05M 3 / min, 0.06M 3 / min, 0.07M 3 / min, 0.08M 3 / min, 0.09M 3 / min, 0.1M 3 / min, 0.15M 3 / min, 0.2M 3 / min, 0.3M 3 / min, 0.4M 3 / min, or 0.5M 3 The fan may have an air conductance between any of the conductances described herein (e.g., about 0.02 M / min). 3 / min ~ approx. 0.05M 3 / min, about 0.05M 3 / min ~ approx. 0.1M 3 / min, or about 0.1M 3 / min ~ approx. 0.5M3 / min).

[0060] In some embodiments, at least two of the multiple circuit boards may be arranged to facilitate shielding, heat exchange, and / or cooling of elements disposed therebetween. At least one shielding element may be disposed between a first circuit board and a second circuit board positioned adjacent to each other (e.g., directly). The shielding element may include electrical and / or electromagnetic (e.g., radio frequency) shielding. The shielding portion may or may not function as a heat exchanger and / or cooling element. The housing of the electronic component may include a heat exchanger and / or cooling element separate from the shielding portion. The heat exchanger and / or cooling element may include a heat pipe or a metal slab. The metal may include an elemental metal or a metal alloy. The metal may be configured for (e.g., efficient and / or rapid) heat conduction. The metal may include copper, aluminum, brass, steel, or bronze. The cooling element may include a fluid, gas, or semi-solid (e.g., gel) material. The cooling element may be active and / or passive. The cooling element may include a circulating substance. The cooling element may be operably coupled to an active cooling device (e.g., a thermostat, a cooler, and / or a refrigerator). The active cooling device may be disposed external to the device ensemble housing. The cooling element may be disposed within a fixture (e.g., a floor, ceiling, wall, or frame) of an enclosure (e.g., a building or room) in which the electronic component housing is disposed. The fixture may include a mullion or transom.

[0061] In some embodiments, the display device construction assembly can accept one or more connector types for media signals and / or electricity. For example, at least one connector and / or socket to one or more drivers and / or receivers, for example, for use with a serial communication system (e.g., RS485 (input and output)). Connector and / or socket types may include HDMI (registered trademark), DisplayPort (DP) inputs and / or outputs, or Alternating Current (AC) inputs and / or switches. FIG. 17 shows an example side view of a controller and power assembly 1700, including an HDMI input 1701, a DP1 input 1702, an RS485 input 1703, an AC switch and AC input 1704, an RS485 output 1705, and a DP output 1706. FIG. 17 also shows a main power line 1711, a window controller 1712, an IGU 17, and a power supply 1706. 15 shows an exploded (e.g., disassembled) perspective view of a controller and power assembly 1710 connected to a frame cap 1718 (sometimes called a “beauty cap”), a window frame 1719, circuitry 1716 (e.g., comprising boosters and / or drivers for the display matrix), hinges (e.g., hinges 1717), a display assembly 1714, a cover 1720, and a display assembly frame (e.g., edge bezel) 1713 for the display assembly. The display assembly frame may be a cover for a touchscreen component. The window controller can be disposed on the side of the window, near the window, or far from the window. The window controller can be disposed in (or on) the window frame, in (or on) the wall, in (or on) the ceiling, or in (or on) the floor. The hinge may or may not be temporarily locked (e.g., using an insert (e.g., a slit or gap), a protrusion, and / or a spring (e.g., a spring plunger)).

[0062] In some embodiments, the display construction is aligned with a viewing window (e.g., an integral glass unit, abbreviated herein as "IGU"). The display construction can be configured to be positioned over at least a portion of the (e.g., tintable) window. For example, the display construction can be configured to overlay at least a portion of the window. The display construction can be configured to facilitate simultaneous viewing from one side of the window (e.g., the interior environment) to the opposing side (e.g., the exterior environment). The display construction can be positioned to accommodate the field of view of a user viewing through the window (or any portion thereof).

[0063] In some embodiments, the controller is operatively coupled (e.g., communicatively coupled) with the display construction. The communication can be wired and / or wireless. The controller can control the display construction at least partially automatically. The controller can be, for example, a timing controller (e.g., T-CON) as disclosed herein. The control can include electronic control and / or optical control. The controller can comprise a microcontroller. The controller can be disposed adjacent to the glass (e.g., IGU) and / or the display construction. The controller can be disposed within the window frame (e.g., transom or mullion). In some embodiments, the mullion (e.g., FIG. 1B, 131) is the vertical path of the window frame, and the transom (e.g., FIG. 1B, 130) is the horizontal path of the window frame. The window frame can hold (e.g., directly or indirectly) the glass and / or the display construction. The glass can be tintable glass. The tintable glass can be controlled (e.g., using at least one controller). For example, tintable glass can be controlled by a hierarchy of controllers (see, e.g., FIG. 15). The hierarchy of controllers can be static or dynamic (e.g., where the controller hierarchy assignments change dynamically). One or more controllers that control the viewing (e.g., tintable) window may or may not control a display device construct (also referred to herein as a "media display device construct").

[0064] In some embodiments, the display construction includes glass. The glass may be in the form of one or more glass panes. For example, the display construction may include a display matrix (e.g., an array of lights) disposed between two glass panes. The array of lights may include an array of colored lights. For example, an array of red, green, and blue colored lights. For example, an array of cyan, magenta, and yellow colored lights. The array of lights may include light colors used in electronic screen displays. The array of lights may include an array of LEDs (e.g., OLEDs, e.g., TOLEDs). The matrix display (e.g., light array) may be at least partially transparent (e.g., to the average human eye). A transparent OLED may facilitate transitions of a significant portion (e.g., greater than about 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 80%, 90%, or 95%) of the intensities and / or wavelengths that the average human eye senses. The matrix The display may present minimal obstruction to a user viewing through the array. The array of lights may present minimal obstruction to a user viewing through the array. The display matrix (e.g., the array of lights) may be maximally transparent. At least one glass pane of the display construction may be of a normal glass thickness. The normal glass may have a thickness of at least about 1 millimeter (mm), 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, or 6 mm. The normal glass may have a thickness between any of the aforementioned values ​​(e.g., 1 mm to 6 mm, 1 mm to 3 mm, 3 mm to about 4 mm, or 4 mm to 6 mm). At least one glass pane of the display construction may be of a thin glass thickness. The thin glass may have a thickness of at most about 0.4 millimeters (mm), 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, or 0.9 mm. The thin glass can have a thickness between any of the aforementioned values ​​(e.g., 0.4 mm to 0.9 mm, 0.4 mm to 0.7 mm, or 0.5 mm to 0.9 mm). The glass of the display construction can be at least transparent (e.g., in the visible spectrum). For example, the glass can be at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99% transparent. The glass can have a transmittance percentage between any of the aforementioned percentages (e.g., about 80% to about 99%). The display construction can include one or more panes (e.g., glass panes). For example, the display construction can include multiple panes (e.g., two). The glass panes can have (e.g., substantially) the same thickness or different thicknesses. The front pane can be thicker than the rear pane. The rear pane can be thicker than the front pane. The front side may be toward a person expected to view (e.g., in front of and looking at the display construction 101). The back side may be toward a (e.g., tintable) window (e.g., 102). One piece of glass may be thicker than another piece of glass. The thick glass may be at least about 1.25*, 1.5*, 2*, 2.5*, 3*, 3.5*, or 4* thicker than the thin glass. The symbol "*" designates the mathematical operation of "times."The transmittance of a display construct (including one or more panes and a display matrix (e.g., a light array or LCD)) can be at least about 20%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90%. The display construct can have a transmittance percentage value between any of the aforementioned percentages (e.g., about 20% to about 90%, about 20% to about 50%, about 20% to about 40%, about 30% to about 40%, about 40% to about 80%, or about 50% to about 90%). Higher transmittance parentage refers to a higher intensity and / or broader spectrum of light passing through a material (e.g., glass). The transmittance can be of visible light. Transmittance can be measured as visible transmittance (abbreviated herein as "Tvis"), which refers to the amount of light in the visible portion of the spectrum that passes through a material. Transmittance can be related to the intensity of the incident light. The display construction can transmit at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99% of the visible spectrum (e.g., wavelength spectrum) of light therethrough. The display construction can transmit a percentage value between any of the aforementioned percentages (e.g., about 80% to about 99%). In some embodiments, a liquid crystal display is utilized instead of a light array. FIG. 2 shows a schematic example of a display construction assembly 200 prior to lamination, including a thicker glass pane 205, a first adhesive layer 204, a display matrix 203, a second adhesive layer 202, and a thinner glass pane 201, the matrix connected via wiring 211 to circuitry 212 that controls at least one aspect of the display construction, which is coupled to fasteners 213.

[0065] The display matrix has reflective and / or color characteristics. The display matrix can be color, grayscale, or black and white. The display matrix can have a color depth. The color depth can be at least about 2.5, 5, 10, 12.5, or 1.5 billion colors. The color depth can be any value between the aforementioned values ​​(e.g., about 250 million colors to about 1.5 billion colors, about 250 million colors to about 1.25 billion colors, or about 1 billion colors to about 1.5 billion colors). The display construct may have a contrast ratio of at least about 100,000, 120,000, 150,000, 170,000, or 200,000 to 1. The display construct may have a contrast ratio between any of the above reference values ​​(e.g., about 100,000:1 to about 200,000:1, about 100,000:1 to about 150,000:1, or about 150,000:1 to 200,000:1). The reflectance of the display construct may be at most about 2%, 4%, 8%, 10%, 14%, or 18%. The reflectance of the display construct may have any value between the aforementioned values ​​(e.g., about 2% to about 18%, or about 2% to about 14%).

[0066] In some embodiments, at least one glass pane in the display construct and / or IGU is tempered. At least one glass pane in the display construct and / or IGU may be natural glass (e.g., not subjected to a tempering and / or tempering process). The glass may be tempered glass. The tempered glass may be heat-strengthened, heat-tempered, or chemically strengthened. The chemically strengthened glass may be chemically tempered glass. The chemically strengthened glass may include Gorilla Glass. The glass may include post-consumer SentryGlass®. The chemically strengthened glass may include glass doped with one or more ions (e.g., cations). The cations may be alkali (e.g., potassium) or alkaline earth cations. The glass may include one or more dyes. The glass may allow for a transition (e.g., of wavelength and / or intensity) of UV light passing through the glass. The glass may reduce (e.g., prevent) penetration (e.g., of wavelength and / or intensity) of UV light through the glass. The glass can absorb at least a portion of the UV light (e.g., wavelength and / or intensity). In some embodiments, the glass can include a surface treatment (e.g., sanding).

[0067] In some embodiments, the display construct can include a binder (e.g., a laminate and / or adhesive). In some embodiments, the display construct can include a binder comprising a polymer and / or a resin. The binder can be disposed between the glass pane and the display matrix. The binder can be selected to minimize (e.g., no) damage to the display matrix and facilitate formation of the construct (e.g., bonding the display matrix to the glass pane). The binder can be cured by heat treatment and / or UV treatment. The temperature of the heat treatment can be such that it minimizes damage to the display matrix (e.g., does not damage the display matrix to a measurable and / or substantial extent). Not damaging the array to a substantial extent can mean not damaging the array to an extent that affects its intended purpose (e.g., performance as a display according to specifications). The binder can include at least one organic polymer. The at least one organic polymer may include polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyacrylamide, SGP resin (e.g., Dupont's SGP5000). The binder may include, for example, OCA by 3M (e.g., 3M8211, 3M8212, 3M8213, 3M8214, 3M8215, 3M8171, or 3M8172). The polymer may allow for a transition (e.g., wavelength and / or intensity) of UV light through the polymer. The polymer may reduce (e.g., prevent) penetration (e.g., wavelength and / or intensity) of UV light through the polymer. The polymer may absorb at least a portion (e.g., wavelength and / or intensity) of UV light.

[0068] In some embodiments, the display construction includes a laminate. The display construction can include a colorable device (e.g., an electrochromic device). The colorable device can be laminated to the display construction (to form a single display construction unit). For example, the display construction can include a deposited electrochromic layer construction (e.g., deposited on the backside of the media display (e.g., the backside of the LED)). The display construction can include one or more layers (e.g., deposited and / or laminated layers) to protect the media display from radiation (e.g., UV radiation and / or IR radiation). The additional layer may comprise a film (e.g., an electrochromic device, a UV protection layer, and / or an IR protection layer). The film may be part of a display device construction. The film may promote a longer operational life of the display device construction. The film may promote increased contrast of the displayed media. The display device construction (e.g., including an electrochromic film) may be coupled to a tintable (e.g., electrochromic) window. The film may comprise any tintable window function (e.g., a liquid crystal device, a suspended particle device, a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device (such as a microshutter), or any technology configured to control light transmission through a window). The liquid crystal device may include a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer.

[0069] In some embodiments, the display construction may include at least one adhesive layer. The adhesive may include at least one optically clear adhesive layer (abbreviated herein as "OCA" layer). For example, the display construction may include two adhesive layers. The adhesive layer may have a thickness of at least about 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, or 1 mm. The adhesive layer may have a thickness of any value between the aforementioned values ​​(e.g., about 0.2 mm to about 1 mm, about 0.2 mm to about 0.6 mm, or about 0.7 mm to about 1 mm). The adhesive thickness may be selected to minimize weight while sufficiently adhering the structure to form high-tolerance structures that can be machine-cut (e.g., have high die-cutting machine tolerances). The adhesive may improve the durability and / or optical properties of the display construction compared to a display construction lacking the adhesive. The adhesive can be (e.g., substantially and / or completely) transparent (e.g., to visible light). The adhesive can be uncolored. The adhesive can contact (e.g., the largest) surface of the display matrix and (e.g., the largest) surface of the pane (e.g., a glass pane), thereby adhering the display matrix to the pane. The adhesive can contribute minimally (e.g., may not contribute) to optical and / or visual distortion of the media displayed by the display device.

[0070] In some embodiments, the pane, adhesive, and display matrix are cured prior to deployment. Curing can be achieved by UV light, moisture, and / or heat. The curing method can be selected to maintain the functionality of the display matrix and minimize optical distortion (e.g., maximize transmittance, reduce blur, and / or reduce gas gaps, such as air gaps). The adhesive can enhance the durability of the display construct. For example, the adhesive can reduce the display construct's susceptibility to breakage and / or its flammability. The adhesive can facilitate tuning of the pane's refractive index relative to the surrounding air (e.g., where the viewer is located) to, for example, (i) minimize losses due to Fresnel reflection, (ii) transmit all colors with minimal distortion through the display construct, and / or (iii) enhance the image projected by the display construct. Color distortion may be due to the passage of the adhesive, glass pane, through to the surrounding air. The display construct (e.g., the adhesive therein) can improve the storage of the display matrix and / or improve the operating temperature range. The adhesive may prevent one or more gases and / or debris (e.g., dust or skin oils) from reaching the display matrix. The display device construction (e.g., adhesive, glass, and / or any coatings) may prevent physical disturbance to the display matrix (e.g., due to contact). The contact may be direct contact by a user.

[0071] In some embodiments, the IGU and / or display construction can include a coating (e.g., an anti-reflective coating). The coating can improve the optical performance of the glass and / or display construction. The coating can be applied to the glass pane, the adhesive layer, the display matrix, and / or the electrochromic construction. The coating can provide anti-reflective, anti-glare, anti-condensation, anti-scratch, anti-smudge treatment, and and / or may be deposited in the form of a UV protection treatment.

[0072] In some embodiments, the display construction may include an encapsulant. The encapsulant may be disposed between two sheets of glass of the display construction on which the display matrix is ​​disposed. The encapsulant may include a polymer / resin (e.g., any polymer / resin disclosed herein). The encapsulant may include a carbon-based (e.g., organic) polymer or a silicon-based polymer. The encapsulant may protect the display construction from light (e.g., UV), humidity, oxygen, physical contact (e.g., physical damage), debris, and / or other environmental components.

[0073] In some embodiments, the display construct is durable over a long-term lifespan. The expected lifespan may be at least about 2 years, 5 years, 10 years, 15 years, 25 years, 50 years, 75 years, or 100 years. The expected lifespan may be any value between the aforementioned values ​​(e.g., about 5 years to about 100 years, about 2 years to about 25 years, about 25 years to about 50 years, or about 50 years to about 100 years). The long-term lifespan may be at least 20 Kh, 30 Kh, 50 Kh, 100 Kh, 500 Kh, or 1000 Kh (thousands of hours). The long-term lifespan of the display construct may have any value between the aforementioned values ​​(e.g., about 20 Kh to about 1000 Kh, about 20 Kh to about 100 Kh, or about 100 Kh to about 1000 Kh). The number of hours may refer, for example, to the number of hours the display construct operates for its intended purpose. The lifespan of the display device construction may depend on the operating time of the display device construction and / or any environmental conditions (e.g., UV light, humidity, and / or temperature) at the location where it is deployed.

[0074] In some embodiments, the display construction is fastened to a fixture (e.g., a window frame or a wall) that holds a (e.g., tintable) window, for example, by a fastening mechanism (also referred to herein as a "fastener"). The fastener may include one or more components. For example, the fastener may include a bracket, a hinge, or a cover. The fastener may be permanent or non-permanent. Non-permanent fasteners can be removed manually and / or automatically. For example, the fastener may include one or more screws that fasten it to the window frame. The fastener may include a hinge and / or a bracket. The hinge may be flexible. The bracket and / or cover (or any portion thereof) may be flexible or inflexible. The fastener (e.g., including the hinge and / or bracket) may be opaque. The fastener (e.g., any of its components) may include an elemental metal, a metal alloy, an allotrope of elemental carbon, a polymer, or a composite material. At least two components of the fastener may be made of (e.g., substantially) the same type. At least two components of the fastener may be made of different types. The elemental metal may include aluminum. The metal alloy may include steel. The fastener may include a non-corrosive material. At least a portion of the fastener (e.g., the bracket and / or cover) may be configured to support the weight of the display construction without (e.g., substantial) deformation, for example, over its intended life (e.g., as disclosed herein). The display construction may weigh at least about 5 kg, 10 kg, 15 kg, 20 kg, 25 kg, 30 kg, 35 kg, 40 kg, or 50 kilograms (Kg). The display construction may weigh anywhere between the aforementioned weights (e.g., 5 kg to 50 kg, 5 kg to 25 kg, or 25 kg to 50 kg). FIG. 3 shows an example of a vertical cross section of an assembly 300 (partial view shown) in which a display matrix 311 is disposed between a first pane 312 and a second pane 313 as part of a display construction, and an L-shaped bracket 302 is disposed between the two glass panes 312 and 313 and coupled to the display construction, the L-shaped bracket being coupled to a hinge 303.

[0075] The fasteners may be configured for easy installation and / or removal of the display construction from a supporting structure (e.g., a window frame and / or a wall). Removal may involve removing the display construction and and / or for maintenance, replacement, and / or upgrade of any portion of the structure (or any associated device). For example, the fastener may allow for (e.g., easy) removal and / or insertion of a display device construct. For example, the fastener may allow for (e.g., easy) removal and / or insertion of a frame portion to which the fastener is attached. For example, the fastener may allow for (e.g., easy) removal and / or insertion of a tintable window supported by a frame to which the fastener is attached. Easy may refer to low labor costs, low labor grade (e.g., low labor qualifications), and / or short labor hours. The fastener may be configured to slide and / or lock for installation to a supporting structure (e.g., a fixed object).

[0076] In some embodiments, a connecting material is disposed between the display construction and the fastener (e.g., a bracket and / or cover). The connecting material may include a polymer (e.g., as disclosed herein). The connecting material may include a sealing gasket. The connecting material may be curable (e.g., by heat, humidity, and / or UV). The connecting material may have low resistance. The connecting material may include at least one polymer and / or at least one resin. The connecting material may have low electrical resistance, making it suitable for use as a packaging material in the electronics industry (e.g., smartphones, packages, liquid crystal displays, and personal computers). The connecting material may be polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a very high bond (VHB) material (e.g., from 3M The connecting material may include a acrylic material. The connecting material may retain its properties and shape at ambient temperatures. The tensile strength of the connecting material may be at least about 0.60 MPa, 0.63 MPa, 0.66 MPa, 0.68 MPa, or 0.70 megapascals (MPa). The shear strength of the connecting material may be at least about 0.54 MPa, 0.60 MPa, 0.620 MPa, 0.64 MPa, or 0.68 MPa. The shear strength may be less than the tensile strength. The shear strength and / or tensile strength may be determined, for example, by determining whether they will be sufficient to support the fasteners (or the display construction) that will support the connecting material (e.g., VHB4926) during the expected life and / or usage time of the display construction. The connecting material may be such that it can facilitate retention of the display construction by the fattener (e.g., any portion of the fattener that is connected by adhesive). The connecting material may be rigid and / or flexible. The connecting material may be an adhesive. The connecting material may be softer before hardening and harder after hardening. The connecting material may be selected, for example, to support at least the load (e.g., weight) of the display construction during constant and / or changing conditions (e.g., according to its intended purpose). The bracket may include straight portions, curved portions, and / or corners. The bracket may be cornerless. The bracket may be straight or curved.The bracket may include two straight portions (e.g., two arms) that form an angle (e.g., approximately). The angle may be a right angle or an obtuse angle. The bracket may be "L" shaped. The arms of the bracket and / or cover may be disposed between the two panes and may contact the display matrix and / or the adhesive.

[0077] In some embodiments, the wiring is hidden from a user's view by a fastener (e.g., or any component thereof). For example, the bracket and / or cover can hide, from a user, one or more (e.g., electrical) wires connected to the display matrix. The wires can be connected to the bracket and / or cover. The bracket and / or cover can include a recessed portion configured to accommodate the wires. In some embodiments, the cover and bracket are the same component (e.g., 531). The recessed portion can be hidden from a user's view (e.g., can be disposed in a rear portion of the bracket and / or cover). The wires can be connected to a display matrix (e.g., a light array or LCD). The wires can be connected to a controller. The controller can include a timing controller and / or a microcontroller. Connecting material (e.g., connectors) can be arranged along the width of the display device construction (e.g., For example, along the fastener structure 104. The connecting material may be disposed along at least about 50%, 80%, or 90% of the width of the display construction. The fastener may include a curved portion. The fastener may include a non-curved portion.

[0078] In some embodiments, the fastener comprises a hinge. In some embodiments, the hinge comprises two blades connected by a joint, the joint forming an axis about which the blades are configured to move. A first blade of the hinge can be operably coupled (e.g., connected) to a bracket and / or a cover. A second blade of the hinge can be operably coupled (e.g., connected) to a fixture. The fixture can be a wall or a window frame. The hinge can facilitate movement of the display construction about the hinge axis. The joint can be any angle, including acute, right, obtuse, straight, etc. (e.g., 180°). ° ), or a full rotation (e.g., ~360 ° ) when the hinge is fastened to the fixture and the display construction (e.g., via a bracket and / or cover), it facilitates movement of the display construction about the axis of the hinge joint. Such movement can facilitate servicing of the display construction without disturbing the window (e.g., IGU) and / or the fixture. Maintenance can include, for example, cleaning, repair, and / or replacement of the display construction and any part or component thereof.

[0079] In some embodiments, a fastener may include multiple components. The multiple components may include a bracket, a cover, a hinge, and / or a substrate. The display construction may be coupled (e.g., connected) to the bracket and / or cover. The bracket and / or cover may be coupled to one wing of the hinge. The other wing of the hinge may be indirectly coupled to the fixture by directly coupling the other hinge wing to a substrate that is directly connected to the fixture. The substrate may include any fastener material (e.g., elemental metal and / or metal alloy) disclosed herein. A fastener may include multiple components of the same type. For example, a fastener may include multiple hinges, multiple brackets, multiple covers, and / or multiple substrates. The multiple fastener components may be at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, or 10 components (e.g., of the same type or different types). A hinge may include a hinge component set (e.g., a knuckle and a pintle). A fastener may include multiple hinge component sets. The hinge component sets can be aligned to have a single hinge axis. The fastener can be formed from two blades that pivot about the axis of the complementary hinge set. At least one of the blades (e.g., each blade) can include a single slab incorporating half of the hinge components (e.g., axle tubes), such that when the two blades are joined together, multiple functional hinge component sets are created (e.g., as shown in the example of FIG. 37). In some embodiments, the two blades have respective hinge components to form multiple operable hinge components, and the two blades, each formed from a single slap of material, form a fastener that is stronger and / or more durable than connecting a display construction to multiple separate fasteners, each with a single hinge set.In some embodiments, the two blades have respective hinge components to form a plurality of operable hinge components, and the two blades, each formed from a single slab of material, form a fastener that is easier to install, maintain, and / or replace compared to coupling a display construction to a plurality of separate fasteners, each having a single hinge set. In some embodiments, the two blades have respective hinge components to form a plurality of operable hinge components, and the two blades, each formed from a single slab of material, facilitate more precise alignment of the display construction compared to coupling a display construction to a plurality of separate fasteners, each having a single hinge set. Such a single fastener provides additional benefits, such as incorporating a heat exchanger (e.g., a fan), directing heat exchange (e.g., within the fastener and / or along the display construction), and / or coupling one or more circuit boards to the fastener.

[0080] In some embodiments, at least one blade of the hinge includes one or more holes. At least one of the one or more holes is configured to allow a screw to pass through and connect (e.g., reversibly) the hinge to a fixture (e.g., a window frame) and / or a bracket. The connection of the fastener (or any component thereof) to the display construct and / or fixture (e.g., a window frame) can be (I) irreversible (e.g., using a connecting material) or (II) reversible (e.g., using one or more screws). The fixture and / or substrate can use both irreversible and reversible connections between itself and the display construct. For example, the hinge can be reversibly connected to the window frame and irreversibly connected to the bracket. For example, the hinge can be reversibly connected to the bracket and irreversibly connected to the window frame. For example, a hinge can be reversibly connected to a window frame and reversibly connected to a bracket, which is then irreversibly connected (e.g., glued) to the display construction. For example, a hinge can be reversibly connected to a wall and reversibly connected to a cover, which is then irreversibly connected (e.g., glued) to the display construction. For example, a hinge can be reversibly connected to a substrate and reversibly connected to a cover, which is then irreversibly connected (e.g., glued) to the display construction. The substrate can be reversibly (e.g., via screws) or irreversibly (e.g., via a fastener (e.g., adhesive)) coupled to a fixture. FIG. 4 shows a schematic example of a hinge 400 having a first wing 401 with multiple holes (e.g., 411) that allow for screw movement in one direction and a second wing 402 with multiple holes that allow for screw movement in a second direction, where the first direction may be perpendicular to the second direction. The hinge shown in Figure 4 has a joint 420 that facilitates rotation of the first blade relative to the second blade. In some embodiments, the first blade has a hole with a major axis in a first direction, and the second blade has a hole with a major axis in a second direction, where the first direction forms an angle with the second direction that is non-zero (e.g., the first direction can be perpendicular to the second direction). This allows the relative orientation of the major axes to be measured when the hinge is closed and the two blades are overlapping.In some embodiments, the bracket may be an extension of the hinge wing. In some embodiments, the bracket may be coupled (e.g., fastened) to the hinge wing, for example, reversibly (e.g., via a crew) or irreversibly (e.g., via an adhesive). In some embodiments, the cover may be an extension of the hinge wing. In some embodiments, the cover may be coupled (e.g., fastened) to the hinge wing, for example, reversibly (e.g., via a crew) or irreversibly (e.g., via an adhesive).

[0081] In some embodiments, an electrical circuit is communicatively coupled to the display construction. The electrical circuit can (i) boost the signal sent to the display matrix and / or (ii) send power arriving from the power source to the display matrix. In some embodiments, the circuit can include touchscreen circuitry. In some embodiments, the touchscreen circuitry can be separate (e.g., and disposed in the touchscreen sensor cover). In some embodiments, the circuitry can connect the touchscreen sensor to a power source. In some embodiments, the touchscreen circuitry can have a separate connector to the power source.

[0082] 5 shows an example of an assembly 520 in which a display construction 500 (shown in partial view) is connected to a fastener that includes a first cover portion 501, an L-bracket, thermal pads 505, 506, a flexible electrical connector such as an (MXC) connector, circuitry 502 (e.g., a booster board), flexible insulator 503, and a second cover portion 504; 510 shows a schematic bottom view of the circuit board with screws and connectivity that is attached to the cover. Assembly 520 is shown from a different perspective at 530, which shows the display construction 536, flexible wiring (e.g., MXC) 535, and the bracket. 5 shows a first portion 531 (partially shown), a gasket (e.g., flexible insulator) 533 (partially shown), circuitry 532 (partially shown), and a second portion 534 (partially shown) of the cover, which is a transparent display. The flexible insulator can be a foam gasket (e.g., Poron). The flexible insulator is capable of at least 25% compression. The bracket can have one or more thermal pads disposed thereon. Referring to FIG. 5 , in one embodiment, an L-shaped bracket 501 is seen extending across the linear dimension of the transparent display (and attached to the cover glass 500), this L-shaped bracket 501 being the first cover. In one embodiment, the length of the bracket 501 can be up to about 10 feet. Circuitry (e.g., a signal booster) can be connected to the display matrix by one or more flexible wires (e.g., MXC). Sometimes, multiple circuit boards (e.g., at least two, three, or four boards) may be disposed within the fastener (e.g., between the first cover and the second cover). FIG. 5 shows examples of two circuit boards 502 and 507. One or more (e.g., flexible) connectors can connect the circuit boards to the flexible display matrix. The number of flexible connectors (e.g., MXC) can be at least 2, 5, 6, 8, or 10. FIG. 5 shows examples of flexible connectors 516, 535, and 506. One or more (micro) cable bundles and / or (e.g., micro) coaxial cables can couple (i) a circuit (e.g., a booster) disposed in the fastener to (ii) a controller (e.g., a timing controller). One or more (micro) cable bundles and / or (e.g., micro) coaxial cables can be connected to the circuit boards (e.g., booster boards) by connectors. The number of electrical connectors (e.g., connector 630 (partial view shown), e.g., IPLEX connector) between the circuit board and the controller can be at least 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. FIG. 5 shows an example of an electrical cable 513 connecting a board (e.g., a driver board) and a controller (e.g., a timing controller).One or more thin wire bundles may connect the controller (e.g., T-CON) to a booster board that is connected to a flexible connector (e.g., MXC cable) to the display matrix (e.g., TOLED). The fosterer may be configured to secure, house, and / or hide the cables and / or wires so that they are not visible to a viewer of the display assembly.

[0083] The electrical circuitry (e.g., and any connecting cables) may be at least partially hidden from view of a user by the fastener (or any components thereof, e.g., hinge and / or substrate). The electrical circuitry (e.g., and any connecting cables) may be at least partially protected from contact by a user. The bracket, cover, substrate, and / or hinge may have an openable / closable portion. The openable portion may pivot about an axis (e.g., the openable portion may pivot about a secondary hinge to facilitate its pivoting). The fastener may have one or more of its component types (e.g., one or more brackets, one or more covers, one or more substrates, one or more primary hinges, and / or one or more secondary hinges). One or more components of the fastener may span the FLS of the display construction and / or the viewing window, or a portion thereof. The openable and / or detachable portions can, for example, facilitate servicing of the electrical circuitry (e.g., and any connecting cables thereto) without dismantling the fastener from the support structure to which it is coupled and / or from the display assembly. The opening (either in conjunction with a secondary hinge or without a secondary hinge) can be used to facilitate (e.g., reversible) detachment of connecting cables between (i) the E-box and / or power supply box and (ii) circuitry attached to the display assembly (e.g., the display assembly and / or touchscreen-related circuitry). Such (e.g., reversible) cable attachment and detachment can enable replacement and / or servicing of the E-box and / or power supply without dismantling the fastener from the support structure and / or display assembly. Such (e.g., reversible) cable attachment and detachment can facilitate replacement and / or servicing of the E-box and / or power supply without dismantling the fastener from the support structure and / or display assembly. Such (e.g., reversible) cable attachment and detachment can facilitate replacement and / or servicing of the display assembly and / or power supply without dismantling the E-box and / or power supply unit. may enable replacement and / or maintenance of the fasteners. Such (e.g., reversible) cable attachment and detachment may enable separation (e.g., disconnection) between (I) the display construction-fastener assembly and (II) the E-box and / or power supply unit. The display construction-fastener assembly may optionally include a touchscreen facilitator (e.g., sensor and light panel, etc.). For example, an openable and / or detachable portion (e.g., a secondary hinge) may facilitate maintenance of the booster board or any cables and / or connectors connected thereto. Maintenance may include removal, repair, replacement, and / or cleaning. For example, the board may have a secondary opening that facilitates exposing at least a portion of the controller and / or wiring. FIG. 10 shows an example of a secondary opening including portions 1017 and 1021 as part of the fastening system. A buffer material may be disposed between the openable and / or detachable portion and the electrical circuit (e.g., and any connecting cables thereof). The cushioning material can protect and / or prevent movement of the electrical circuitry (e.g., and any connecting cables). Protection can be from light, temperature (e.g., heat or cold), touch, humidity, and / or oxygen. The cushioning material can include polymer foam (e.g., polyurethane). The cushioning material can include foam gaskets. The cushioning material can help maintain (e.g., a reasonable) bend radius of the wiring. The wiring can include, for example, a microflex complete (MXC) cable for connecting the circuitry to a controller (e.g., a timing controller) and / or power source. The wiring can be coupled to the circuitry via one or more connectors (e.g., IPEX or microconnectors). The microconnector can connect the circuitry (e.g., disposed within a fastener) to a display matrix. The circuitry can include a booster board. The microconnector can have, for example, multiple wires joined to one envelope. The wiring can include coaxial cable.

[0084] In some embodiments, the fastener may include a regression that forms an opening. The regression may be a secondary opening. The regression may be centered near the middle of the length of the fastener. The regression may be covered or uncovered. Covering of the regression may be reversible or non-reversible. For example, the cover may be a secondary hinge blade. The cover may be bolted to the fastener using screws and / or clips. The fastener may include two hinge blades coupled to an axle tube and pintle mechanism to form a hinge. When the fastener is in a closed hinge position, the regression may be covered (reversibly) covered when the (primary) fastener hinge is in a closed position. When the (primary) fastener hinge is in an open position, the regression may be uncovered (reversibly). Figure 10 shows a cover 17017 covering the opening of the fastener 1021. The width of the regression (e.g., Figure 41, dashed arrow W opening ) is the width of the hinge blade (e.g., Figure 41, dashed arrow W total 41, dashed arrow L). The setback may originate from the edge of the hinge blade toward its interior portion. The setback may be, for example, an opening with the hinge blade (e.g., a window in the hinge blade) having the above-referenced extension as its width. The length of the opening (e.g., the setback; see, e.g., FIG. 41, dashed arrow L opening ) is the total length of the hinge blade (e.g., Figure 41, dashed arrow L total , 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, or 10% of the width and / or width of the fastener (see ). The recess may extend to a width and / or length that may facilitate connection and / or disconnection of any connectors coupling the circuit board to the display construction and / or touchscreen-related devices (e.g., sensor and light emitter panels). The opening (e.g., recess) may or may not be located in the center of the length and / or width of the fastener (or its hinge blades).

[0085] In some embodiments, the controller may include a timing controller (abbreviated herein as "T-CON"). The timing controller controls the various timings of the display matrix. The timing controller can control the operation timing of various components (e.g., when LEDs light up in a display matrix). The timing controller can convert between video signals and the row driver and column driver signals required for the display matrix. Media signals can be transmitted to the T-CON board via a communication interface such as Low-Voltage Differential Signaling (LVDS), Embedded DisplayPort (eDP), Mobile Industry Processor Interface (MIPI®), Display Serial Interface (DSI), or VX1. The circuitry (e.g., chips and / or controllers therein) can include a frame rate converter from 60 Hz to 120 Hz. The timing controller can refresh the charge to minimize optical response decay of the LCD chemicals responsive to the charge, e.g., at a rate that keeps the signal uniform, avoids decay, and / or updates appropriately. The controller (e.g., T-CON) can be located remotely from the display construct assembly, including the display construct and fastening system (e.g., fasteners).

[0086] In some embodiments, the display device construction is operably coupled (e.g., connected by wiring) to a power source. The circuit is operably coupled (e.g., connected by wiring) to the power source. The connection may be direct or indirect. The indirect connection may be via a circuit (e.g., a booster). The power source may be a secondary power source. The power source may be coupled to a municipal power source (e.g., a power plant) and / or a building power source (e.g., a generator, solar cell, and / or wind turbine). The power source may be renewable and / or non-renewable. The power source may be coupled to a BMS. The power source may be coupled to a network infrastructure (e.g., as disclosed herein). The power source may provide power at approximately 240V or 120V (e.g., house current) AC. The secondary power source may include a converter that reduces the voltage (e.g., to a maximum of approximately 24V, 48V, or 54 volts (V)). FIG. 6 shows an example of a perspective view of an assembly 600 including a display construction coupled to a fastener and circuitry, where fastener 602 (shown in partial view) is coupled to display construction 601 (shown in partial view), which is connected to circuitry (not shown) disposed within the fastener via wire 603 (shown in partial view), which is secured by a fastener such as fastener 604. The fastener may be a tie mount. FIG. 6 also shows a perspective view of hinge blade 634 connected to wire 633, which is connected to circuitry 632, which is joined to hinge blade portion 635 (shown in partial view) and hinge blade portion 636, which are connected to a fixture (not shown) by screw 637. Hinge blade portions 635 and 636 are part of the same hinge blade. 6 shows an example side view of an assembly 620 that includes a fastener 662 coupled with a screw, e.g., 661, to a fixture (not shown), the fixture having a dangling wire 667 exiting its body and fastened to a latch 666. The wire 667 is connected to a display construction (partial view shown) that includes (i) circuitry (not shown) disposed within the fastener body 662 and (ii) a display matrix 664 disposed between thicker glass 665 and thinner glass 663.Figure 6 shows an example side view of assembly 612 (similar to 620) disposed in a vertical cross section of a window frame 610. Figure 6 shows an example of electrical wiring 630 that can be utilized in a display construction assembly. The fasteners may include driver and / or booster boards. The circuitry may facilitate data transmission (e.g., network communication) and / or power transmission.

[0087] The secondary power source may provide a direct current (DC) voltage. The secondary power source may be disposed adjacent to the display construction and / or the IGU. The secondary power source may be disposed within a window frame, wall, floor, or ceiling. The controller of the display construction may be disposed separately from the power source. The shortest distance from (i) the display construction, booster board, driver board, and / or timing controller (e.g., T-CON) to (ii) the power source is at least about 0.25 m, 0.5 m, 1 m, 1.5 m, 2 m, 2.5 m, 3 m, 3.5 m, 4 m, 5 m, 6 m, 7 m, 8 m, 9 m, 10 m, 11 m, 12 m, 13 m, 14 m, 15 m, 16 m, 17 m, 18 m, 19 m, 20 m, 21 m, 22 m, 23 m, 24 m, 25 m, 26 m, 27 m, 28 m, 29 m, 30 m, 31 m, 32 m, 33 m, 34 m, 35 m, 36 m, 37 m, 38 m, 39 m, 40 m, 41 m, 42 m, 43 m, 44 m, 45 m, 46 m, 47 m, 48 m, 49 m, 50 m, 51 m, 52 m, 53 m, 54 m, 55 m, 56 m, 57 m, 58 m, 59 m, 60 m, 61 m, 62 m, 63 m, 64 m, 65 m, 66 m, 67 m, 68 m, 69 m, 69 m, 70 m, 71 m, 72 m, 73 m, 74 m, 7 The minimum distance from (i) the display device construction, booster board, driver board, and / or timing controller to (ii) the power supply can be any value between the aforementioned values ​​(e.g., about 0.25 to about 20 m, about 0.25 to about 5 m, about 5 to about 7 m, or about 7 to about 20 m). For example, the minimum distance from (i) the driver and / or booster board to (ii) the power supply and / or T-CON can be at least about 1.5 m, 2 m, 2.5 m, 3 m, 3.5 m, 4 m, 4.5 m, 5 m, 5.5 m, 6 m, 6.5 m, 7 m, 8 m, or 10 m. The minimum distance from (i) the driver and / or booster board to (ii) the power supply and / or T-CON can be any value between the aforementioned values ​​(e.g., about 1.5 to about 10 m, about 1.5 m to about 5 m, or about 5 m to about 10 m). The minimum distance from (i) the display construction and / or booster board to (ii) the power supply and / or T-CON can be any value between the aforementioned values ​​(e.g., about 5' to about 30', about 10' to about 25', or about 15' to about 20'). For example, the minimum distance from (i) the driver board and / or display construction to (ii) the power supply and / or T-CON can be at least about 5', 10', 15', 20', 25', 25', 30', 50', 100', 200', or 300' (feet). The shortest distance from (i) the display construction and / or booster board to (ii) the power supply and / or timing controller can be any value between the aforementioned values ​​(e.g., about 5' to about 300', about 10' to about 25', about 15' to about 20', about 20' to about 50', about 50' to about 200', or about 100' to about 300').

[0088] In some embodiments, the local controller can control the viewing (e.g., tintable) window (e.g., as part of an IGU) and / or the display device construct. The local controller can be part of a control network. The control network can be a hierarchical control network (e.g., as disclosed herein). The hierarchy of controllers in the control network can be static or dynamic. The local controller can be disposed adjacent to the display device construct and / or IGU. The local controller can be disposed in a window frame, in a wall, in a floor, or in a ceiling. In some embodiments, one local controller controls the viewing (e.g., tintable) window and the display device construct (e.g., media displayed by the display device construct). In some embodiments, separate controllers control the viewing (e.g., tintable) window and the display device construct (e.g., media displayed by the display device construct). Communication between the local controller and other components of the network interface can be wired and / or wireless. Wired communications may include coaxial cable, twisted pair, NM cable, underground feeder (UF) cable, thermoplastic high-heat-resistant nylon-coated (THHN) wire, thermoplastic heat- and water-resistant nylon-coated (THWN) wire, standard telephone wire, or Category 3 (Cat 3) cable and / or Category 5 (Cat 5) cable. The control system (e.g., local controller) may be communicatively coupled to the display device construct by wire and / or wireless communication (e.g., via a timing controller (T-CON)). For example, the display device construct may be connected to the local controller via one or more wires and / or wirelessly. For example, the T-CON may be connected to the local controller via one or more wires. The minimum distance from (i) the display device construction and / or T-CON to (ii) the local controller may be at least about 0.25m, 0.5m, 1m, 1.5m, 2m, 2.5m, 3m, 3.5m, 4m, 4.5m, 5m, 5.5m, 6m, 6.5m, 7m, 8m, 10 meters (m).The minimum distance from (i) the display device construct and / or T-CON to (ii) the local controller can be any value between the aforementioned values ​​(e.g., about 0.25 to about 10 m, about 0.25 m to about 5 m, about 5 m to about 7 m, or about 7 m to about 10 m). The distance ... The distance (I) between the display device structure and the local controller and the distance (II) between the local controller and the power source may correspond to the smallest measured value of the wiring length (when communicatively coupled to the controller). The shortest distance (I) between the display device structure and the local controller and the shortest distance (II) between the local controller and the power source may be (e.g., substantially) equal. The shortest distance (I) between the display device structure and the local controller and the shortest distance (II) between the local controller and the power source may not be (e.g., substantially) equal. The shortest distance (I) between the timing controller and the local controller and the shortest distance (II) between the local controller and the power source may be (e.g., substantially) equal. For example, the shortest distance (I) between the timing controller and the local controller may be smaller than the shortest distance (II) between the local controller and the power source. For example, the shortest distance (I) between the timing controller and the local controller may be larger than the shortest distance (II) between the local controller and the power source. The shortest distance (I) between the timing controller and the local controller and the shortest distance (II) between the local controller and the power source may not be (e.g., substantially) equal. For example, the shortest distance (I) between the timing controller and the local controller may be smaller than the shortest distance (II) between the local controller and the power source. For example, the shortest distance (I) between the timing controller and the local controller may be greater than the shortest distance (II) between the local controller and the power source.

[0089] FIG. 7 shows an example vertical cross-section of a display construction portion coupled to circuitry and fasteners, including an L-shaped bracket 701 shown in cross-section and circuitry 702 (e.g., a booster board), cable 703, foam gasket 704, screws 705, tape 706, a first glass pane 707, adhesive (e.g., OCA) 708, a display matrix 709, a second glass pane 710, a cover 714, a bumper 712, adhesive 713, and a viewing window 711 (partially shown). The display construction may include a flexible bumper (e.g., a polymer or resin) that separates it from the window (e.g., 711). The bumper may prevent glass-to-glass contact between the display construction and the window (e.g., a tintable window), contact that could cause damage to the display construction and / or the window (e.g., prevent cracks and / or breakage). The bumper may improve safe operation, for example, pivoting the display construction about a hinge axis. In one embodiment of the cross section, the L-shaped bracket is defined by one or more right angles, although the angles may be other than 90 degrees. In the illustrated embodiment, the L-shaped bracket is affixed to a cover glass (e.g., 707) via an adhesive element. In an embodiment, the adhesive element is adhesive tape. In one embodiment, the adhesive tape includes a VHB-type tape. In one embodiment, the adhesive element is a liquid or gel adhesive that bonds the L-shaped bracket to the cover glass. The cover glass (e.g., 707) may be plastic, glass, or other transparent material. In one example, the cover glass may be approximately 4 mm thick, but may be thicker or thinner than 4 mm. The cover glass may be part of a display construction (e.g., a transparent display), and / or display construction (e.g., a transparent display) elements may be laminated to the cover glass. In the example shown in FIG. 7, a second cover glass 710 is laminated to the transparent display element 709, i.e., the transparent display element 709 (e.g., a T OLED) is sandwiched between the cover glass 707 and the second cover glass 710. The formed laminate structure can be in contact with the viewing window (eg, 711) or can be positioned parallel to but spaced from the viewing window.The laminated structure including the first glass pane 707, the display matrix 709, and the second glass pane 710 (e.g., a second glass cover) can be considered a transparent display assembly (also referred to herein as a "display construction").

[0090] In one embodiment, the adhesive element is strong enough to support the weight of the transparent display assembly. As shown, one side of the L-shaped bracket (e.g., 701) is used as the surface of the adhesive element, and at least much of this surface area is attached to the transparent display assembly via the cover glass (e.g., 707).

[0091] As shown in the example illustrated in FIG. 7, a cover 714 is attached to an L-shaped bracket 701. In this example, the L-shaped bracket 701 includes a protruding portion on a vertical leg. Together with the cover 714, a chamber is formed in which circuitry 702 for the display matrix is ​​housed. The circuitry 702 may be in the form of a circuit board (e.g., a driver and / or booster board). In one embodiment, the cover seals the electronics from the environment via one or more gaskets. In one embodiment, the L-shaped bracket 701 is configured to provide movement and / or physical connection between the window frame and the display device construction (see, e.g., FIG. 1A). In one embodiment, the circuitry 702 is coupled to the display matrix via one or more conductors, such as a ribbon cable, a flex circuit, and / or other wired connection 175. In certain embodiments, the wired connection 175 (see FIG. 2b) may be a micro-coaxial cable (see, e.g., FIG. 8, 802). In an embodiment, the wired connection 802 may terminate at the L-shaped bracket with a multi-pin connector (see, e.g., FIG. 8, 803).

[0092] In some embodiments, the display construction includes a touchscreen. The display construction can include one or more optical sensors on its edges to facilitate user interaction with the touchscreen. The touchscreen can receive tactile (e.g., touch) input from the user and deliver an output response. The response can be functional and can include a visual, data, or sound change. The touchscreen can utilize a display matrix. The display construction can be operatively coupled to an information processing system (e.g., including one or more processors and / or a network interface). A user can interact with the information processing system by touching a pane of the display construction facing the user through simple (e.g., single-touch gestures) or multi-touch gestures. Touching can be performed using a specialized device (e.g., a stylus or electronic pen) or any part or portions of the user's body (e.g., multiple fingers). The specialized device can be adapted to the display construction. The touchscreen may be a resistive touchscreen, a surface acoustic wave touchscreen (e.g., using ultrasound), an electrostatic touchscreen, an infrared grid touchscreen (e.g., using photodetectors), optical imaging (e.g., using CMOS sensors), infrared acrylic projection (e.g., including infrared LEDs), a distributed signal touchscreen, or an acoustic pulse recognition touchscreen. The display construction is enhanced per the requirements of the touchscreen technology. For example, if the touchscreen requires sensors (e.g., CMOS) and / or projectors (e.g., LEDs), they are added to the display construction, for example, by placing them within a frame that surrounds at least a portion of the display construction.

[0093] In some embodiments, the display construction can function as a touchscreen. The frame can include one or more sensors disposed on or within the frame. The frame can include circuitry, one or more connectors (e.g., to a power source and / or network system), and optional optical components (e.g., reflectors, mirrors, prisms, beam splitters, and / or lenses). The sensors can be configured to detect the presence and position of a user's finger, stylus, marker, smart pen, and / or other marking and / or pointing device within an area enclosed by the frame shape (e.g., an area spanned by the surface of the transparent display assembly). The sensors can be disposed along and / or within the length of one or more frame portions (e.g., within a channel defined by one or more frame portions). The one or more frame portions can include sensors, circuitry, and / or connections. The one or more frame portions can include at least one, two, three, or four frame portions (e.g., 1012, 1019, and 1020). The frame portion can be a bezel. The frame portion can include a groove. The frame portion may be configured to hold a display construction. The width of the groove in the frame portion may be configured to correspond to the width of the display construction. In some embodiments, all edges (e.g., sides) of the display construction may include a touchscreen border. The circuitry may process signals from the sensor and output signals representative of the position of the marking or indicating device within the bordered area. The border may include connections to other circuitry, including circuitry disposed on or coupled to the transparent display assembly (e.g., circuitry on an L-bracket). The circuitry may include, but is not limited to, one or more of a processor, memory, a display, analog and / or digital circuitry.

[0094] The frame can provide a transparent display assembly with interactive display capabilities (such as a whiteboard). The fixed or moving position of a user's finger or pointing device relative to the transparent display can be sensed by sensors in the frame within the area enclosed by the frame, and a signal representing the position can be generated by circuitry in the frame. The signal representing the position within the area enclosed by the frame can include a signal compatible with the display technology of the display device. In some embodiments, the signal representing the position within the area enclosed by the frame includes, but is not limited to, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) and / or a High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) signal. The signal representing the fixed or moving position of a user's finger or pointing device within the area of ​​the frame can be processed by software and / or circuitry associated with the frame and / or transparent frame assembly. The processed signal can be displayed on the transparent display assembly, for example, in the form of a representation of the fixed or moving position (e.g., as writing, printing, or a shape). Software associated with the frame and / or transparent display may be configured to provide other functionality, including, but not limited to, (i) displaying the sensed position of a user's finger or other pointing device on another display or device, (ii) interaction with the transparent display and frame by more than one user, (iii) exporting displayed content, (iv) importing displayed content, (v) clearing displayed content, and / or (vi) selecting display colors. In one embodiment, the frame is connected to one or more commercially available touchscreens (e.g., FlatFrog USA Inc., 333 West San Jose, CA). Carlos Street, San Jose CA 95110).

[0095] FIG. 10 shows an example of a display construction 1010, including fastener components, including wings 1021, primary hinges 1018 and 1015 that allow the display construction to pivot about an axis, and a secondary hinge (including portion 1017) that facilitates exposure of a portion of circuitry 1016 (e.g., a booster board and / or a driver board). Wing 1021 has an opening that facilitates access to circuitry 1016 through the opening covered by hinge wings 1017. Display construction 1010 is framed by touchscreen sensor array 1013 and protective covers 1012 and 1019 that encase the sensor array in a protective frame. Display construction 1050 shows touchscreen sensor array 1052 covered and assembled with display construction 1050, as well as assembled fasteners 1056. In some examples, the secondary hinges (e.g., 1017) are not present (e.g., as in example 3504). In some embodiments, the fastener (including the primary hinge) has an opening through which at least a portion of the circuit (e.g., PCB) is visible and / or accessible. For example, at least some of the connectors in the circuit may be visible and / or accessible through the opening. For example, at least some of the connectors between the circuit and the display device construction may be visible and / or accessible through the opening (see, e.g., opening 3504 in FIG. 35, which allows for visibility of connectors 3509 attached to circuit 3530 (e.g., including booster and / or driver boards)).

[0096] In one embodiment, the fastener provides a physical connection (e.g., hinge) of the transparent display to the window. In one embodiment, one or more portions of the fastener are configured to provide movement between the transparent display and the window light (e.g., using a hinge on the fastener).

[0097] Referring to FIG. 4 , in one embodiment, the L-bracket includes one or more hinges, such as hinge 400. In one embodiment, the hinge includes a plurality of elongated holes or slots. In one embodiment, the elongation axis of at least one of the plurality of holes is perpendicular to the elongation axis of at least one of the other plurality of holes. This allows for a method of installing the transparent display assembly in a window frame. For example, one or more hinges (e.g., 400) are attached to the window frame via holes that provide a distance for the transparent display assembly to be spaced from the window (e.g., 711). Prior to installation, an L-bracket (e.g., 701) can be pre-attached to the transparent display assembly and affixed to the other leg of one or more hinges (e.g., 400), thereby centering the L-bracket / transparent display element within the viewable area of ​​the window between the frame elements via the other plurality of holes that are perpendicular to the holes in the other hinge legs.

[0098] Referring to FIG. 7 , in one embodiment, one or more hinges have a joint 750 connecting a first hinge blade 752 and a second hinge blade 753, which are shown in a closed position 791. The open position is shown at 720, and a dotted arrow 790 indicating relative movement of the first hinge blade, which may be referred to herein as the “first leg,” and the second hinge blade, which may be referred to herein as the “second leg.” The first leg may be coupled to or include a bracket. A fastener including hinge blades 752 and 753 is coupled to a display structure 754 (shown in partial view) and a window 751 (shown in partial view). The second leg may be coupled to a window frame 755. In one embodiment, the one or more hinges are configured to allow movement of the transparent display assembly away from or toward the viewing window. In one embodiment, this movement is rotational, i.e., pivotal, about a longitudinal axis. In one embodiment, while the transparent display moves relative to the viewing window, no movement of the transparent display assembly occurs relative to the circuitry 757 (e.g., booster and / or driver boards), conductors 758 such as ribbon cables, and / or other wiring elements used to couple the transparent display to the circuitry. Figure 7 shows an example of a display construction 784 (shown in partial view) coupled to a first hinge leaf 782. Hinge leaf 782 is joined by a joint 780 to a second hinge leaf 783 coupled to a cover 785 that is coupled to the window frame of window 781 (shown in partial view).

[0099] This configuration increases the lifespan of the electrical connection between the display and the controller (e.g., T-CON) because the connection is not subject to the movement and friction associated with the movement of the transparent display and fastener (e.g., bracket) assembly.

[0100] Referring to FIG. 8 , in one embodiment, a seal is provided along at least three edges of a transparent display assembly, for example, along the edges of a stacked assembly described herein. In embodiments, the seal is in the form of a silicone or other clear plastic, resin, or other polymer cap (or bumper) that fits over the edge of the stacked transparent assembly and seals the unit. The seal may provide a bumper function between a second cover glass (e.g., FIG. 7 , 710) and a window (e.g., FIG. 7 , 711). FIG. 8 shows an example perspective view of a display construction 580 and an example seal applied according to arrows 811, 812, and 813 along three sides of the display construction 850, for example, by using an applicator (e.g., a syringe gun) 810. The display construction 850 is coupled to fasteners 530, on which wiring 802 connects the display matrix within the display construction with circuitry (not shown) disposed within the fasteners. Also, in the example of FIG. 8, the display construction 850 may include a thicker glass pane 804, a thinner glass pane 805, and a Also shown is a vertical cross section 830 of a portion of the display construction, including glass pane 805, adhesive layers 806 and 808, display matrix 807, and sealant 809. The sealant may protrude from the glass pane and / or function as a bumper. The sealant protrusions may be random or directional. For example, the protrusions may be directed toward one side of the display construction (e.g., the protrusions are intended to contact a window). The sealant protrusions may be (e.g., substantially) uniform or non-uniform (e.g., directed toward one side of the display construction).

[0101] FIG. 9 shows an example of a cover 903 (shown in cross section) that can be used to hide an L-shaped bracket 904 from view. The cover 903 can be removably attached to a window frame 905. Power and communications can be delivered to the transparent display assembly via wiring 906, which in this example is housed within the window frame 905. The L-shaped bracket can allow for maintenance or replacement of the transparent display and / or any circuitry (e.g., disposed in fasteners, a portion of which is the bracket). FIG. 9 shows an example of a transparent display assembly having a display construction including a pane 907 (e.g., of glass), a display matrix 908, and a pane 902 (e.g., of glass), which is coupled to or forms a frame 905. The frame can include portions coupled to or configured to be coupled to one another. The frame can include at least three portions. The frame can include a shape that matches (e.g., approximates) the shape of at least a portion of the periphery of the display construction (e.g., the transparent display assembly). The frame can be coupled or attached to the side (or edge) of a display construction (e.g., a transparent display assembly). In one embodiment, the frame portions are coupled to each other to form a frame shape, for example, after the frame portions are coupled to the display construction (e.g., a transparent display assembly). In one embodiment, the frame portions may be coupled to each other to form the frame shape, for example, before the frame portions are coupled to the display construction (e.g., a transparent display assembly). The display construction (e.g., a transparent display assembly) can be positioned within the area enclosed by the frame shape. The frame portions may include a channel (e.g., a U-shaped channel) configured to receive and / or hold the side of the transparent display assembly therein.

[0102] FIG. 9 shows an example of a fastener 953 attached to a window frame (e.g., mullion) portion 951 (the fastener includes a hinge / lock 952). The fastener 953 is coupled to a display construction 954 (shown in partial view) and an integrated glass unit 961 (IGU) (shown in partial view), which includes a first pane 955, an enclosed environment 957, a second pane 956, and an electrochromic construction 958 disposed on the pane 956. The enclosed environment of the IGU can be an insulated, sealed (e.g., hermetically sealed), and / or inert environment. FIG. 9 shows an example of a power supply unit and / or controller (e.g., a timing controller), collectively designated as 959, disposed in the frame portion 951, and electrical wiring and / or communication paths 960 that run from the environment external to the window frame 951 to the display construction 954. The electrical wiring and / or communication paths can run through the window frame to the IGU. Electrical wiring and / or communication paths can run through the controller and / or power assembly to the IGU. The panes are made of a transparent, rigid material (e.g., glass or a polymer such as plastic). Transparent can be at least at wavelengths that are sensitive to the average human viewer.

[0103] The present invention should not be limited by the above-disclosed embodiments, aspects, and advantages, as other embodiments, aspects, and advantages are within its scope, including one or more of the following: In one embodiment, the present invention includes a structure (e.g., a fastener), and the structure (e.g., the fastener) The structure includes a first portion and a second portion, the first portion and the second portion configured to move relative to one another. In one embodiment, the structure includes one or more brackets. In one embodiment, the structure includes one or more hinges. In one embodiment, the structure includes one or more electrical connectors. In one embodiment, the electrical connector includes a micro-coaxial cable. In one embodiment, the electrical connector includes one or more ribbon cables. In one embodiment, the structure is configured to be attached to a display construction (e.g., including a transparent display). In one embodiment, the transparent display is a T.OLED display. In one embodiment, the display construction (e.g., including a transparent display) includes one or more sheets of optically clear glass, a hardened polymer (e.g., plastic), or a hardened resin. In one embodiment, the structure includes one or more electronic circuits configured to communicate with a display matrix (e.g., a transparent display matrix). In one embodiment, the structure is configured to be attached to a frame. In one embodiment, the frame includes a window frame. In one embodiment, the structure is configured to be attached to a FLS (e.g., length) of a transparent display. In one embodiment, the structure includes a length, the length being between about 0.1 feet and about 10 feet. In one embodiment, the first portion of the fastener includes at least one bracket, and the second portion of the fastener includes one or more hinges. In one embodiment, the structure includes a display matrix and an adhesive element, where the display matrix is ​​attached to the first portion and / or the second portion, for example, via the adhesive element. In one embodiment, the adhesive element includes an adhesive tape. In one embodiment, the adhesive tape includes a VHB tape. In one embodiment, the first portion of the fastener and / or the second portion of the fastener are configured to be attached to a viewing window (e.g., a tintable window). In one embodiment, the first portion of the fastener is configured to be attached to a display device construction, and the second portion is configured to be attached to the window (wherein the second portion includes the hinge). In one embodiment, the hinge includes a plurality of elongated holes, where the elongation axis of at least one of the plurality of holes is perpendicular to the elongation axis of at least one other of the plurality of holes.

[0104] In one embodiment, the invention includes a frame. The frame can be comprised of a transparent display and fasteners (including brackets), where the fasteners are configured to provide movement and physical connection between the frame and a display construction (e.g., including a transparent display). In one embodiment, the frame includes a window frame. In one embodiment, the brackets include L-shaped brackets, where the L-shaped brackets are coupled to the frame and the display construction (e.g., including a transparent display). In one embodiment, the brackets are coupled to the transparent display via an adhesive structure. In one embodiment, the adhesive structure includes adhesive tape. In one embodiment, the brackets include one or more hinges. In one embodiment, the hinges are configured to provide movement of the display construction (e.g., including a transparent display) relative to a fixed object (e.g., a window frame). In one embodiment, the movement includes pivotal movement. In one embodiment, the movement is about a horizontal axis. In one embodiment, the movement is about a vertical axis. In one embodiment, the frame includes a light (e.g., a window glass). In one embodiment, the brackets are configured to move the face of the transparent display toward or relative to the face of the light. In one embodiment, the frame defines an interior area (e.g., a surface of a window within the frame), and the transparent display includes a height and width that define an area that fits within the interior area. In one embodiment, the area of ​​the display construction (e.g., including the transparent display) fits (e.g., substantially) within the entire interior area. In one embodiment, the area of ​​the transparent display fits within half or less than half of the interior area. In one embodiment, the structure includes one or more conductors, ribbon cables, and / or connectors that provide electrical connection between a control unit and the transparent display.

[0105] In some embodiments, an assembly is formed having a display construction and a fastener. The display construction may be adhered to at least one component of the fastener, such as a bracket. Figure 11 shows an example of steps for constructing an assembly of a display construction and a fastener. At 110, a display construction 1112 has a designated area 1112 for adhesive application. At 1120, adhesive is applied to the designated adhesive area according to an arrow, e.g., arrow 1121. At 1130, a fastener 1131 (e.g., an L-shaped bracket) is placed on the designated adhesive area where adhesive was applied. Items 1121, 1131, and 1112 indicate portions of a display construction. The fastener and the display construction can be disposed in the same plane or different planes. At least a portion of the fastener can be disposed in the same plane or different plane relative to the display construction. The display construction can be coupled at an angle to the fastener (e.g., as shown in FIG. 12 , 1210). The display construction and fastener can form a single plane (e.g., as shown at 1220). FIG. 12 shows an example in which display construct 1211 forms an angle with fastener 1218 and an example in which display construct 1221 forms a plane with fastener 1228. The display construct may include illumination entities (e.g., LEDs) that illuminate more in one direction than another (e.g., more toward the front than the back). An image displayed by the display matrix may appear clearer from one side of the display matrix than from the opposite side. The display construct may include two display matrices of illumination entities (e.g., LED matrices) arranged back-to-back. At least one (e.g., each) of the two display matrices may be arranged with its more illuminated side facing away from the back (and toward the viewer) and its less illuminated side facing the back (and away from the viewer). The back-to-back arrangement of display matrices in the display construct may facilitate viewing of clear images from both sides of the display construct. A display construct with back-to-back display matrices may utilize flat fasteners (e.g., 1228). In some embodiments, two display constructions may be disposed adjacent to each other in a back-to-back configuration, e.g., such that at least one (e.g., each) of the display constructions can have its more illuminated side facing away from the back (and toward the viewer) and its less illuminated side facing toward the back (and away from the viewer).The two back-to-back display constructions can utilize flat fasteners (eg, 1228) to fasten both display constructions to a structure (eg, a fixture).

[0106] In some embodiments, the window is disposed within an enclosure. In some embodiments, the enclosure includes an area defined by at least one structure. The at least one structure may include at least one wall. The enclosure may include and / or enclose one or more subenclosures. The at least one wall may include metal (e.g., steel), clay, stone, plastic, glass, plaster (e.g., gypsum), polymer (e.g., polyurethane, styrene, or vinyl), asbestos, fiberglass, concrete (e.g., reinforced concrete), wood, paper, or ceramic. The at least one wall may include wire, brick, block (e.g., cinder block), tile, drywall, or framing (e.g., steel framing).

[0107] In some embodiments, the enclosure includes one or more openings. The one or more openings may be reversibly closable. The one or more openings may be permanently open. The fundamental length scale of the one or more openings may be small compared to the fundamental length scale of the wall defining the enclosure. The fundamental length scale may include the diameter, length, width, or height of a bounding circle. The surface of the one or more openings may be small compared to the surface of the wall defining the enclosure. The opening surface may be a percentage of the total surface of the wall. For example, the opening surface may be approximately 30%, 20%, 10%, 5%, or 1% of the wall. The wall may include a floor, ceiling, or sidewall. The closable opening may be closed by at least one window or door. The enclosure may be at least a portion of a facility. The enclosure may include at least a portion of a building. The building may be a private building and / or a commercial building. The building may include one or more floors. A building (e.g. its floors) may have rooms, halls, hallways, attics, basements, balconies (e.g. , interior or exterior balcony), stairwell, hallway, elevator shaft, facade, mezzanine, penthouse, garage, porch (e.g., enclosed porch), terrace (e.g., enclosed terrace), cafeteria, and / or duct. In some embodiments, the enclosure may be stationary and / or mobile (e.g., train, plane, ship, vehicle, or rocket).

[0108] Certain disclosed embodiments provide a network infrastructure within an enclosure (e.g., a facility such as a building). The network infrastructure can be utilized for various purposes, such as providing communication and / or power services. The communication services can include high-bandwidth (e.g., wireless and / or wired) communication services. The communication services can be for facility residents and / or users outside the facility (e.g., the building). The network infrastructure can function in conjunction with or partially replace one or more mobile phone carrier infrastructures. The network infrastructure can be provided in a facility that includes electrically switchable windows. Examples of network infrastructure components include high-speed backhaul. The network infrastructure can include at least one cable, switch, physical antenna, transceiver, sensor, transmitter, receiver, radio, processor, and / or controller (which may include a processor). The network infrastructure can be operably coupled to and / or include a wireless network. The network infrastructure can include wiring. One or more sensors can be deployed (e.g., installed) within the environment as part of and / or after installation of the network. The network infrastructure may be configured to facilitate at least third-generation (3G), fourth-generation (4G), or fifth-generation (5G) cellular communications. The network may be configured to facilitate media transmission (e.g., presentations, still photographs, or video (e.g., movie) transmission). The network may be configured for simultaneous communication of data and power (e.g., over the same cable, such as a coaxial cable).

[0109] In some embodiments, the enclosure includes one or more sensors. The sensors can facilitate controlling the environment of the enclosure so that the occupants of the enclosure can have an environment that is more comfortable, enjoyable, beautiful, healthy, productive (e.g., in terms of occupancy performance), easier to live in (e.g., easier to work in), or any combination thereof. The sensors can be configured as low-resolution or high-resolution sensors. The sensors can provide an on / off indication of the occurrence and / or presence of a particular environmental event (e.g., a 1-pixel sensor).

[0110] In various embodiments, the network infrastructure supports a control system for one or more viewing windows, such as electrochromic (e.g., tintable) windows. The control system may include one or more controllers operably coupled (e.g., directly or indirectly) to the one or more windows. In some embodiments, the electrochromic windows are examples of optically switchable windows, tintable windows, and / or smart windows. The concepts disclosed herein may be applied to other types of switchable optical devices, including, for example, liquid crystal devices or suspended particle devices. For example, liquid crystal devices and / or suspended particle devices may be implemented instead of or in addition to electrochromic devices.

[0111] In some embodiments, the colorable window exhibits a (e.g., controllable and / or reversible) change in at least one optical property of the window, e.g., upon application of a stimulus. The stimulus can include optical, electrical, and / or magnetic stimuli. For example, the stimulus can include an applied voltage. One or more colorable windows can be used to, e.g., Lighting and / or glare conditions can be controlled by adjusting the transmission of solar energy propagating therethrough. One or more tintable windows can be used, for example, to control the temperature within a building by adjusting the transmission of solar energy propagating therethrough. Control of solar energy can control the heat load imposed on the interior of a facility (e.g., a building). Control can be manual and / or automatic. Control can be used to maintain one or more desired (e.g., environmental) conditions, such as, for example, occupant comfort. Control can include reducing energy consumption of heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and / or lighting systems. At least two of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning may be triggered by separate systems. At least two of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning may be triggered by one system. The heating, ventilation, and air conditioning may be triggered by a single system (abbreviated herein as "HVAC"). In some cases, the tintable windows may be responsive to (e.g., communicatively coupled to) one or more environmental sensors and / or user controls. The tintable window may include (e.g., be an electrochromic window). The window may be located anywhere from the inside to the outside of a structure (e.g., a facility, e.g., a building). However, this need not be the case. The tintable window may operate using a liquid crystal device, a suspended particle device, a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device (such as a microshutter), or any technology configured to control light transmission through the window. Windows (e.g., with MEMS devices for tinting) are described in U.S. Patent Application No. 14 / 443,353, filed May 15, 2015, entitled "MULTI-PANE WINDOWS INCLUDING ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES AND ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS DEVICES," the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. In some cases, one or more viewing (e.g., tintable) windows may be located inside a building, for example, between a conference room and a hallway.In some cases, one or more viewing (eg, tintable) windows may be used in automobiles, trains, aircraft, and other vehicles, for example, in place of passive and / or non-tinted windows.

[0112] In some embodiments, the tintable window comprises an electrochromic device (referred to herein as an "EC device" (abbreviated herein as ECD), or "EC"). The EC device can include at least one coating including at least one layer. The at least one layer can include an electrochromic material. In some embodiments, the electrochromic material exhibits a change from one optical state to another optical state, for example, when an electric potential is applied to the EC device. The transition of the electrochromic layer from one optical state to another optical state can be caused, for example, by reversible ion insertion, or semi-reversible ion insertion, or irreversible ion insertion into the electrochromic material (e.g., by intercalation) and a corresponding injection of charge-balancing electrons. For example, the transition of the electrochromic layer from one optical state to another optical state can be caused, for example, by reversible ion insertion (e.g., by intercalation) and a corresponding injection of charge-balancing electrons into the electrochromic material. Reversibility can be during the expected lifetime of the ECD. Semi-reversible refers to a measurable (e.g., noticeable) degradation in the reversibility of the window tint over one or more tinting cycles. In some cases, some of the ions involved in the optical transition become irreversibly bound to the electrochromic material (e.g., the induced (altered) tint state of the window is therefore not reversible to the original tint state). In various EC devices, at least some (e.g., all) of the irreversibly bound ions can be used to compensate for "hidden charge" in the material (e.g., ECD).

[0113] In some implementations, suitable ions include positive ions, such as lithium ions (Li+) and / or hydrogen ions (H+) (i.e., protons). It is possible. In some embodiments, other ions may be suitable. Intercalation of cations can be insertion into (for example, a metal) oxide. A change in the intercalation state of an ion (for example, a cation) into an oxide can induce a visible change in the coloration (for example, color) of the oxide. For example, the oxide can transition from a colorless state to a colored state. For example, intercalation of lithium ions into tungsten oxide (WO3-y(0 < y ≦ about 0.3)) can change tungsten oxide from a transparent state to a colored (for example, blue) state. The EC device coating described herein is located within the visible portion of the colorable window so that the optical state of the colorable window can be controlled using the coloration of the EC device coating.

[0114] Figure 13 shows an example of a schematic cross-section of an electrochromic construct 1300 according to some embodiments. The EC device coating is disposed on a substrate 1302, a transparent conductive layer (TCL) 1304, an electrochromic layer (EC) 1306 (which may also be referred to as a cathode coloring layer or a cathode coloration layer), an ion conducting layer or region (IC) 1308, a counter electrode layer (CE) 1310 (which may also be referred to as an anode coloring layer or an anode coloration layer), and a second TCL 1314. Elements 1304, 1306, 1308, 1310, and 1314 are collectively referred to as an electrochromic stack 1320. A voltage source 1316 operable to apply a potential across opposite ends of the electrochromic stack 1320 causes, for example, a transition of the electrochromic coating from a clear state to a colored state. In other embodiments, the order of the layers is reversed with respect to the substrate. Thus the layers are in the following order, namely, substrate, TCL, counter electrode layer, ion conducting layer, electrochromic material layer, TCL.

[0115] In various embodiments, the ion conductor region (e.g., 1308) can be formed from a portion of the EC layer (e.g., 1306) and / or from a portion of the CE layer (e.g., 1310). In such embodiments, an electrochromic stack (e.g., 1320) can be deposited to include a cathodically coloring electrochromic material (EC layer) in direct physical contact with an anode-coloring counter-electrode material (CE layer). An ion conductor region (sometimes referred to as an interfacial region, or an ion-conducting substantially electronically insulating layer or region) can be formed where the EC and CE layers meet, for example, through heating and / or other processing steps. Examples of electrochromic devices (including, for example, those fabricated without depositing a separate ion conductor material) can be found in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13 / 462,725, entitled "ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES," filed May 2, 2012, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In some embodiments, the EC device coating may include one or more additional layers, such as one or more passive layers. Passive layers may be used to enhance certain optical properties, provide wettability, and / or provide scratch resistance. These and / or other passive layers may function to seal the EC stack 120. Various layers, including the transparent conductive layers (such as 1304 and 1314), may be treated with anti-reflective and / or protective layers (e.g., oxide and / or nitride layers).

[0116] In certain embodiments, the electrochromic device is configured to reversibly cycle between (e.g., substantially) clear and tinted states. Reversibility can be within the expected lifetime of the ECD. The expected lifetime can be at least about 2, 5, 10, 15, 25, 50, 75, or 100 years. The expected lifetime can be any value between the aforementioned values ​​(e.g., about 5 to about 100 years, about 2 to about 25 years, about 25 to about 50 years, or about 50 to about 100 years). When the window is in a first tint state (e.g., clear), a potential can be applied to the electrochromic stack (e.g., 1320) to cause the electrochromic material (e.g., 1306) to transition to a tinted state. Available ions in the stack can be primarily present at the counter electrode (e.g., 1310). When the potential applied to the electrochromic stack is reversed, ions can be transported across the ion-conducting layer (e.g., 1308) to the electrochromic material, causing the material to assume a second hue state (e.g., a colored state).

[0117] Furthermore, it should be understood that references to transitions between clear and colored states are non-limiting and suggest only one example among many examples of electrochromic transitions that may be implemented. Unless otherwise specified herein, whenever reference is made to a clear-colored transition, the corresponding device or process encompasses other optical state transitions, such as non-reflective-reflective and / or transparent-opaque. In some embodiments, the terms "clear" and "colored" refer to optically neutral states, e.g., uncolored, transparent, and / or translucent. In some embodiments, the "color" or "hue" of the electrochromic transition is not limited to any wavelength or wavelength range. Selection of appropriate electrochromic and counter electrode materials can govern the associated optical transition (e.g., from a colored state to an uncolored state).

[0118] In certain embodiments, at least a portion (e.g., all) of the materials comprising the electrochromic stack are inorganic, solid (i.e., solid-state), or both inorganic and solid. Because various organic materials tend to degrade over time, especially when exposed to heat and ultraviolet light, such as in tinted building windows, inorganic materials offer the advantage of a reliable electrochromic stack that can function for extended periods of time. In some embodiments, solid-state materials can offer the advantage of minimizing contamination and leakage issues, as liquid-state materials sometimes do. One or more layers in the stack may contain some (e.g., measurable) organic material. The ECD, or any portion thereof (e.g., one or more of the layers), may contain little or no measurable organic material. The ECD, or any portion thereof (e.g., one or more of the layers), may contain one or more liquids, which may be present in small amounts. A small amount may be at most about 100 ppm, 10 ppm, or 1 ppm of the ECD. Solid materials can be deposited (or otherwise formed) using one or more processes employing liquid components, such as certain processes employing sol-gel, physical vapor deposition, and / or chemical vapor deposition.

[0119] FIG. 14 shows an example cross-sectional view of a tintable window embodied in an insulated glass unit (“IGU”) 1400 according to some embodiments. When provided for installation in a building, it may be desirable for the IGU to serve as a basic structure to hold electrochromic panes (also referred to herein as “lites” and singular “lite”). IGU lites can be single-substrate or multi-substrate constructions. A lite may include, for example, a stack of two substrates. IGUs (e.g., having double-pane or triple-pane configurations) can offer many advantages over single-pane configurations. For example, multi-pane configurations can provide enhanced thermal insulation, noise insulation, environmental protection, and / or durability compared to single-pane configurations. Multi-pane configurations can provide enhanced protection of the ECD. For example, electrochromic films (e.g., and associated layers and conductive interconnects) can be formed on the interior surfaces of a multi-pane IGU and protected by an inert gas fill within the IGU's interior volume (e.g., 1408). The inert gas fill may provide at least some thermal insulation to the IGU. Electrochromic IGUs may have thermal insulation capabilities, for example, through a tintable coating that absorbs (and / or reflects) heat and light.

[0120] In some embodiments, an "IGU" includes two (or more) substantially transparent substrates. For example, an IGU can include two panes of glass. A substrate may include an electrochromic device disposed thereon. One or more panes of an IGU may have a separator disposed therebetween. An IGU may be, for example, a sealed construction having an interior region isolated from the ambient environment. A "window assembly" may include an IGU. A "window assembly" may include a (e.g., stand-alone) laminate. A "window assembly" may include, for example, one or more electrical leads for connecting the IGU and / or laminate. The electrical leads may operably couple (e.g., connect) one or more electrochromic devices to a voltage source, switch, etc., and may include a frame supporting the IGU or laminate. A window assembly may include a window controller and / or a component of a window controller (e.g., a dock).

[0121] 14 shows an example implementation of an IGU 1400 including a first pane 1404 having a first surface S1 and a second surface S2. In some implementations, the first surface S1 of the first pane 1404 faces an exterior environment, such as an outdoor or exterior environment. The IGU 200 also includes a second pane 1406 having a first surface S3 and a second surface S4. In some implementations, the second surface (e.g., S4) of the second pane (e.g., 1406) faces an interior environment, such as the interior environment of a home, building, vehicle, or compartment thereof (e.g., an enclosure such as a room therein).

[0122] In some implementations, the first and second panes (e.g., 1404 and 1406) are transparent or translucent, e.g., to at least light in the visible spectrum. For example, each pane (e.g., 1404 and 1406) can be formed of a glass material. The glass material can include architectural glass and / or shatterproof glass. The glass can be made of a material such as silicon dioxide (SO ). x). The glass may include soda-lime glass or float glass. The glass may include at least about 75% silica (SiO2). The glass may include an oxide such as Na2O or CaO. The glass may include an alkali or alkaline earth oxide. The glass may include one or more additives. The first pane and / or the second pane may include any material having suitable optical, electrical, thermal, and / or mechanical properties. Other materials (e.g., substrates) that may be included in the first pane and / or the second pane include plastic, semi-plastic, and / or thermoplastic materials, such as poly(methyl methacrylate), polystyrene, polycarbonate, allyl diglycol carbonate, SAN (styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer), poly(4-methyl-1-pentene), polyester, and / or polyamide. The first pane and / or the second pane may include a mirror material (e.g., silver). In some implementations, the first pane and / or the second pane may be tempered. Strengthening may include tempering, heating, and / or chemical strengthening.

[0123] In some embodiments, the sensors are operably coupled to at least one controller and / or processor. Sensor readings may be obtained by one or more processors and / or controllers. The controller may comprise a processing unit (e.g., a CPU or GPU). The controller may receive input (e.g., from at least one sensor). The controller may comprise circuitry, electrical wiring, optical wiring, sockets, and / or outlets. The controller may deliver output. The controller may comprise multiple (e.g., sub) controllers. The controller may be part of a control system. The control system may comprise a master controller, a floor controller (e.g., comprising a network controller), and a local controller. The local controller may be a window controller (e.g., controlling optically switchable windows), an enclosure controller, or a component controller. For example, the controller may be part of a hierarchical control system (e.g., comprising one or more controllers, e.g., a floor controller The controllers may be part of a hierarchical control system (e.g., with a main controller directing local controllers (e.g., window controllers), enclosure controllers, and / or component controllers). The physical locations of the controller types within the hierarchical control system may vary. For example, the first time, a first processor may assume the role of the main controller, a second processor may assume the role of the floor controller, and a third processor may assume the role of the local controller. The second time, the second processor may assume the role of the main controller, the first processor may assume the role of the floor controller, and the third processor may continue to assume the role of the local controller. The third time, the third processor may assume the role of the main controller, the second processor may assume the role of the floor controller, and the first processor may assume the role of the local controller. A controller can control one or more devices (e.g., directly coupled to the devices). A controller can be located proximate to one or more devices it controls. For example, a controller may control an optically switchable device (e.g., an IGU), an antenna, a sensor, and / or an output device (e.g., a light source, a sound source, an odor source, a gas source, an HVAC outlet, or a heater). In one embodiment, a floor controller may direct one or more window controllers, one or more enclosure controllers, one or more component controllers, or any combination thereof. A floor controller may include a floor controller. For example, a floor controller (e.g., including a network controller) may control multiple local controllers (e.g., including window controllers). Multiple local controllers may be located in a portion of a facility (e.g., a portion of a building). The portion of a facility may be a floor of the facility. For example, a floor controller may be assigned to a floor. In some embodiments, a floor may include multiple floor controllers, depending, for example, on the floor size and / or the number of local controllers coupled to the floor controller.For example, a floor controller can be assigned to a portion of a floor. For example, a floor controller can be assigned to a portion of a local controller located within a facility. For example, a floor controller can be assigned to a portion of a floor of a facility. A master controller can be coupled to one or more floor controllers. A floor controller can be located within a facility. A master controller can be located within a facility or outside a facility. A master controller can be disposed in the cloud. A controller can be part of a building management system or operably coupled to a building management system. A controller can receive one or more inputs. A controller can generate one or more outputs. A controller can be a single-input single-output controller (SISO) or a multiple-input multiple-output controller (MIMO). A controller can interpret received input signals. A controller can acquire data from one or more components (e.g., sensors). Acquiring can include receiving or extracting. Data can include measuring, estimating, determining, generating, or any combination thereof. A controller can include feedback control. A controller can include feedforward control. The control may include on-off control, proportional control, proportional-integral (PI) control, or proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control. The control may include open-loop control or closed-loop control. The controller may include closed-loop control. The controller may include open-loop control. The controller may include a user interface. The user interface may include (or be operatively coupled to) a keyboard, keypad, mouse, touchscreen, microphone, voice recognition package, camera, imaging system, or any combination thereof. The output may include a display (e.g., a screen), a speaker, or a printer.15 shows an example of a control system architecture 1500 that includes a master controller 1508 that controls floor controllers 1506, which in turn control local controllers 1504. In some embodiments, the master controller 1508 controls floor controllers 1506, which in turn control local controllers 1504. A local controller controls one or more IGUs, one or more sensors, one or more output devices (e.g., one or more lights), or any combination thereof. FIG. 15 shows an example configuration in which a master controller is operably coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a building management system (BMS) 1524 and a database 1520. The arrows in FIG. 15 represent communication paths. The controller can be operably coupled (e.g., directly / indirectly and / or wired and / or wirelessly) to an external source 1510. The external source can include a network. The external source can include one or more sensors or output devices. The external source can include a cloud-based application and / or database. Communication can be wired and / or wireless. The external source can be located outside the facility. For example, the external source can include one or more sensors and / or antennas located, for example, on a wall or ceiling of the facility. Communication can be unidirectional or bidirectional. In the example shown in FIG. 15, all communication arrows of communication are intended to be bidirectional. FIG. 15 shows an example of a perspective view of an enclosure 1501 (eg, a building).

[0124] A controller can monitor and / or direct changes (e.g., physical) in the operating conditions of the devices, software, and / or methods described herein. Control may include regulating, operating, limiting, directing, monitoring, adjusting, modulating, changing, altering, suppressing, checking, directing, or managing. Controlled (e.g., by a controller) may include attenuating, modulating, changing, managing, suppressing, governing, regulating, inhibiting, supervising, manipulating, and / or directing. Control may include controlling a control variable (e.g., temperature, power, voltage, and / or profile). Control may include real-time control or offline control. Calculations utilized by a controller can occur in real time and / or offline. A controller may be a manual controller or a non-manual controller. A controller may be an automatic controller. A controller may operate on demand. A controller may be a programmable controller. A controller may be programmable. A controller may include a processing unit (e.g., a CPU or GPU). The controller may receive an input (e.g., from at least one sensor). The controller may deliver an output. The controller may comprise multiple (e.g., sub) controllers. The controller may be part of a control system. The control system may include a master controller, a floor controller, and a local controller (e.g., an enclosure controller, or a window controller). The controller may receive one or more inputs. The controller may generate one or more outputs. The controller may be a single-input single-output controller (SISO) or a multiple-input multiple-output controller (MIMO). The controller may interpret received input signals. The controller may acquire data from one or more sensors. Acquiring may include receiving or extracting. Data may include measuring, estimating, determining, generating, or any combination thereof.The controller may include feedback control. The controller may include feedforward control. The control may include on-off control, proportional control, proportional-integral (PI) control, or proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control. The control may include open-loop control or closed-loop control. The controller may include closed-loop control. The controller may include open-loop control. The controller may include a user interface. The user interface may include (or be operatively coupled to) a keyboard, keypad, mouse, touchscreen, microphone, voice recognition package, camera, imaging system, or any combination thereof. The output may include a display device (e.g., a screen), a speaker, or a printer. The methods, systems, and / or devices described herein may comprise a control system. The control system can communicate with any of the devices (e.g., sensors) described herein. The sensors can be of the same type or different types, for example, as described herein. For example, the control system can communicate with a first sensor and / or a second sensor. The control system can control one or more sensors. The control system can control one or more components of a building management system (e.g., lighting, security, and / or air conditioning systems). The controller can adjust at least one (e.g., environmental) characteristic of the enclosure. The control system can adjust the enclosure environment using any component of the building management system. For example, the control system can adjust the energy supplied by the heating element and / or the cooling element. For example, the control system can adjust the speed of air flowing into and / or out of the enclosure through a vent. The control system can include a processor. The processor can be a processing unit. The controller can include a processing unit. The processing unit can be central. The processing unit can include a central processing unit (abbreviated herein as "CPU"). The processing unit can be a graphics processing unit (abbreviated herein as "GPU"). A controller or control mechanism (e.g., comprising a computer system) can be programmed to implement one or more methods of the present disclosure. A processor can be programmed to implement a method of the present disclosure. The controller can control at least one component of the molding system and / or apparatus disclosed herein.

[0125] FIG. 16 illustrates a schematic example of a computer system 1600 programmed or otherwise configured to operate any one or more of the methods provided herein. The computer system can control (e.g., direct, monitor, and / or regulate) various functions of the disclosed methods, apparatus, and systems, such as, for example, controlling the heating, cooling, lighting, and / or ventilation of an enclosure, or any combination thereof. The computer system can be part of or in communication with any sensor or device (e.g., including sensors and / or light emitters) ensemble disclosed herein. The computer can be coupled to one or more mechanisms disclosed herein and / or any portion thereof. For example, the computer can be coupled to one or more sensors, valves, switches, lights, windows (e.g., IGUs), motors, pumps, optical components, or any combination thereof.

[0126] In some embodiments, the circuitry is operably (e.g., communicatively) coupled to a network of an enclosure (e.g., a facility including a building). The circuitry may include a driver board or a controller. The controller may be any controller disclosed herein (e.g., a timing controller, a touchscreen controller, and / or any controller of a (e.g., hierarchical) control system). The controller may be operably coupled to a device ensemble. The device ensemble may include a sensor or a light emitter. For example, the device ensemble may include multiple sensors, multiple light emitters, or any combination thereof. The light emitter may be a light (e.g., LED) or sound (e.g., buzzer or loudspeaker) emitter. The sensor can sense any environmental characteristic of the environment (e.g., light, temperature, chemical content (e.g., in the air), or sound). The chemical content may include volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon dioxide, oxygen, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, or humidity. The control system can be configured to control the environment (e.g., over a network) using, for example, a building management system. The control system can be configured to control (e.g., over a network) the ventilation, heating, air conditioning, cooling, lighting, security, safety, fire, or sound systems of the enclosure (e.g., facility). The control system can also control at least one tintable window, display structure, and / or touch screen (e.g., The network may be configured to control the device (e.g., via a network). The network may facilitate updating any of the software (e.g., non-transitory computer-readable media) associated with the device to which it is operatively (e.g., communicatively) coupled. The network may facilitate updating any of the logic (e.g., control logic) associated with the device to which it is operatively (e.g., communicatively) coupled. The logic may be embedded in the software. The network may facilitate updating any of the data streams associated with the device to which it is operatively (e.g., communicatively) coupled. Updates may occur in real time. The network may facilitate response and / or update times having a latency of at most about 2 milliseconds (ms), 3 ms, 4 ms, 5 ms, 7 ms, 10 ms, or 15 ms. The network may facilitate low-latency communications. The display contract, touchscreen functionality, and / or colorable window may (e.g., each) have a unique identification (alphanumeric) code. The display contract, touchscreen functionality, and / or colorable window may (e.g., each) be uniquely recognized by the network and / or control system. The display contract, touchscreen functionality, and / or colorable windows (e.g., each) may be uniquely identified by a network and / or control system as a device and / or node.

[0127] In some embodiments, a device (e.g., a display contract, touchscreen functionality, and / or colorable window) is communicatively coupled to a network. A third-party device and / or data stream (e.g., a third-party media provider) can utilize a network authentication protocol to communicate with, for example, a control system and / or another device. The network authentication protocol can open one or more ports for network access. A port can be opened when an organization and / or facility authenticates (e.g., via network authentication) the identity of a device attempting to operably (and / or physically) couple to the network. An operable coupling can include a communicative coupling. The organization and / or facility can authorize (e.g., using the network) the device's access to the network. Access can be restricted or not. The restriction can include one or more security levels. The device's identity can be determined based on authentication information and / or a certificate. The authentication information and / or certificate can be verified by the network (e.g., by a server operably coupled to the network). The authentication protocol may or may not be specific to physical communication (e.g., Ethernet communication) over a packet-based local area network (LAN), for example. The standard may be maintained by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). The standard may specify the physical medium (e.g., target device) and / or the operational characteristics of the network (e.g., Ethernet). The network standard may support virtual LANs (VLANs) over a local area (e.g., Ethernet) network. The standard may support power delivery over the local area network (e.g., Ethernet). The network may provide communication over power lines (e.g., coaxial cable). The power may be direct current (DC) power. The power may be at least approximately 12 watts (W), 15 W, 25 W, 30 W, 40 W, 48 W, 50 W, or 100 W.This standard can facilitate mesh networking. This standard can facilitate local area network (LAN) technology and / or wide area network (WAN) applications. This standard can facilitate physical connections between target devices and / or infrastructure devices (hubs, switches, routers), for example, via various types of cables (e.g., coaxial, twisted wire, copper cable, and / or fiber cable). Examples of network authentication protocols can include 802.1X or KERBEROS. The network authentication protocol can include secret key encryption. The network may support protocols (e.g., communication protocols) including 802.3, 802.3af (PoE), 802.3at (PoE+), 802.1Q, or 802.11s. The network may support a communication protocol for a building automation and control (BAC) network (e.g., BACnet). The protocol may define services used to communicate between various devices coupled to the network. One or more devices may include sensors, lights, tintable windows, display structures, touchscreen functionality, controllers, transceivers, antennas, third-party media provider-related equipment, personal computers, mobile circuitry (e.g., laptops, cell phones, touchpads), and / or any other (e.g., third-party) devices. Protocol services may include device and object detection (e.g., Who-Is, I-Am, Who-Has, and / or I-Have). Protocol services may include Read-Property and Write-Property (e.g., for data sharing). A network protocol can define an object type (e.g., an object type acted upon by a service). A protocol can define one or more data links and / or physical layers (e.g., ARCNET, Ethernet, BACnet / IP, BACnet / IPv6, BACnet / MSTP, Point-To-Point over RS-232, Master-Slave / Token Passing over RS-485, ZigBee, and / or LonTalk). A protocol can be dedicated to a device (e.g., Internet of Things (IoT) devices and / or machine-to-machine (M2M) communications). A protocol can be a messaging protocol. A protocol can be a publish-subscribe type protocol. A protocol can be configured for messaging transport. A protocol can be configured for remote devices. A protocol can be configured for devices with a small code footprint or minimal network bandwidth.The small code footprint can be configured to be processed by a microcontroller. The protocol may have multiple quality of service levels, including (i) at-most-once, (ii) at-least-once, and / or (iii) exactly-once. The multiple quality of service levels may improve the reliability of message delivery within the network (e.g., to its target). The protocol can facilitate messaging (i) between a device and a cloud and / or (ii) between a cloud and a device. The messaging protocol is configured to broadcast messages to a group of devices, such as sensors and / or lights (e.g., as described herein). The protocol may be compliant with the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS). The protocol may support security schemes such as authentication (e.g., using tokens). The protocol may support access delegation standards (e.g., OAuth). The protocol may support authorizing a first application (and / or website) to access information on a second application (and / or website) without providing the second with a security code (e.g., a token and / or password) associated with the first application. The protocol may include Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) or Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP) protocols. The protocol may be configured for message rates of at least one message per second (e.g., per publisher) or more messages per second (e.g., per publisher). The protocol may be configured to facilitate message payload sizes up to approximately 64, 86, 96, or 128 bytes.The protocol can be configured to communicate with any device (e.g., microcontroller to server) that operates a protocol-compliant (e.g., MQTT) library and / or connects to a compliant broker (e.g., MQTT broker) over a network. Each device (e.g., target device, sensor, etc.) can communicate with the protocol-compliant (e.g., MQTT) library and / or connects to a compliant broker (e.g., MQTT broker) over a network. The brokers (or emitters) may be publishers and / or subscribers. At least one broker can handle millions of simultaneously connected devices or less than a few million devices. A broker can handle at least about 100, 10,000, 100,000, 1,000,000, or 10,000,000 simultaneously connected devices. In some embodiments, the broker is responsible for receiving at least a portion (e.g., all) of the messages, filtering the messages, determining who is interested in each message, and / or sending them to subscribed devices (e.g., broker clients). The protocol may require an internet connection to the network. The protocol can facilitate bidirectional and / or synchronous peer-to-peer messaging. The protocol may be a binary wire protocol. Examples of such network protocols, control systems, and networks can be found in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 000,342, entitled "MESSAGING IN A MULTI CLIENT NETWORK," filed March 26, 2020, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0128] A computer system may include a processing unit (e.g., 1606) (the terms "processor," "computer," and "computer processor" are also used herein). The computer system may include memory or memory locations (e.g., 1602) (e.g., random access memory, read-only memory, flash memory), electronic storage units (e.g., 1604) (e.g., hard disks), and communication interfaces (e.g., 1603) (e.g., network adapters) for communicating with one or more other systems and peripheral devices (e.g., 1605) such as caches, other memories, data storage, and / or electronic display adapters. In the example shown in FIG. 16, the memory 1602, storage unit 1604, interface 1603, and peripheral devices 1605 communicate with the processing unit 1606 via a communication bus (solid lines) such as a motherboard. The storage unit may be a data storage unit (or data repository) for storing data. The computer system may be operably coupled to a computer network ("network") (e.g., 1601) with the aid of a communication interface. The network may be the Internet, an Internet and / or extranet, or an intranet and / or extranet in communication with the Internet. The network may, in some cases, be a telecommunications and / or data network. The network may include one or more computer servers that enable distributed computing, such as cloud computing. The network may, in some cases, implement a peer-to-peer network with the aid of a computer system, thereby enabling devices coupled to the computer system to act as clients or servers.

[0129] The processing unit may execute a series of machine-readable instructions, which may be embodied in a program or software. The instructions may be stored in a memory location, such as memory 1602. The instructions may be directed to the processing unit, which may then program or otherwise configure the processing unit to implement the methods of the present disclosure. Examples of operations performed by the processing unit may include fetching, decoding, executing, and writing back. The processing unit may interpret and / or execute the instructions. The processor may include a microprocessor, a data processor, a central processing unit (CPU), a graphical processing unit (GPU), a system-on-chip (SOC), a coprocessor, a network processor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an application-specific instruction set processor (ASIP), a controller, a programmable logic device (PLD), a chipset, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or any combination thereof. The processing unit may be part of a circuit, such as an integrated circuit. One or more of the systems 1600 Other components may be included in the circuit.

[0130] The storage unit may store files such as drivers, libraries, and saved programs. The storage unit may store user data (e.g., user settings and user programs). In some cases, the computer system may include one or more additional data storage units that are external to the computer system, such as located on a remote server in communication with the computer system via an intranet or the Internet.

[0131] The computer system can communicate with one or more remote computer systems over a network. For example, the computer system can communicate with a remote computer system of a user (e.g., an operator). Examples of remote computer systems include a personal computer (e.g., a portable PC), a slate or tablet PC (e.g., an Apple® iPad®, a Samsung® Galaxy Tab), a telephone, a smartphone (e.g., an Apple® iPhone®, an Android-enabled device, a Blackberry®), or a personal digital assistant. A user (e.g., a client) can access the computer system over the network.

[0132] The methods described herein may be implemented by machine (e.g., computer processor) executable code stored in an electronic storage location of a computer system, such as, for example, memory 1602 or electronic storage unit 1604. The machine-executable or machine-readable code may be provided in the form of software. During use, the processor 1606 may execute the code. In some cases, the code may be retrieved from a storage unit and stored in memory ready for access by the processor. In some situations, an electronic storage unit may be excluded and machine-executable instructions are stored in memory.

[0133] The code may be pre-compiled and configured for use by a machine having a processor adapted to execute the code, or may be compiled at run time. The code may be provided in a programming language that may be selected so that the code can be executed in a pre-compiled or compiled manner.

[0134] In some embodiments, the processor includes code. The code can be program instructions. The program instructions can cause at least one processor (e.g., a computer) to direct feedforward and / or feedback control loops. In some embodiments, the program instructions can cause at least one processor to direct closed-loop and / or open-loop control schemes. The control can be based, at least in part, on one or more sensor readings (e.g., sensor data). One controller can direct multiple operations. At least two operations can be directed by different controllers. In some embodiments, one different controller can direct at least two of operations (a), (b), and (c). In some embodiments, multiple different controllers can direct at least two of operations (a), (b), and (c). In some embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readable medium causes different computers, respectively, to direct at least two of operations (a), (b), and (c). In some embodiments, different non-transitory computer-readable media each cause a different computer to direct at least two of operations (a), (b), and (c). The controllers and / or computer-readable media may direct any of the apparatuses or components thereof disclosed herein. may direct any operation of the methods disclosed herein.

[0135] In some embodiments, at least one display device construct and an associated integrated glass unit operate in coordination with one another. Control of at least one display device construct and associated tintable window (e.g., integrated glass unit) can be through integration of the display device construct control and the tintable window control. For example, the display device construct and the tintable glass can be operatively (e.g., communicatively) coupled to a control system, e.g., via a network. Control of the at least one display device construct can be via Ethernet. The tint level of the tintable window can be adjusted during use of one or more associated display device constructs. The tint level of the tintable window may automatically change (e.g., darken) during use of one or more display device constructs. Automatically changing the tint level of the tintable window (e.g., darkening or lightening) can be based, at least in part, on external radiation and / or display device contrast. Automatically changing the tint level of the tintable window can be based, at least in part, on privacy (e.g., limiting the ability of someone outside the facility to view the display device construct). When a tintable window is in use, the tintable window zone may (automatically) change its tint level (e.g., become darker or lighter). A tintable window zone may include multiple tintable windows.A zone may include (i) tintable windows facing a particular direction of an enclosure (e.g., a facility), (ii) multiple tintable windows on a particular side (e.g., a facade) of a facility, (iii) tintable windows on a particular floor of a facility, (iv) multiple tintable windows in a particular type of room and / or activity (e.g., an open space, an office, a conference room, an auditorium, a hallway, a reception hall, or a cafeteria), (v) tintable windows disposed on the same fixture (e.g., an interior or exterior wall), and / or (vi) multiple user-defined tintable windows (e.g., a group of tintable windows on a room or facade that is a subset of a larger group of tintable windows, e.g., a conference room with a display device structure on one of the eight tintable windows can darken the tint of the eight tintable windows (zone)). The (automatic) tinting of the tintable windows can be based, at least in part, on whether the display construct is showing active content (e.g., content intended for user viewing) or inactive content. The automatic changing of tint levels of the tintable windows when at least one display construct is in use can be disabled by a user (e.g., by manually adjusting the tint level). A user can disable the automatic tinting of the tintable windows using mobile circuitry (e.g., a remote controller, a virtual reality controller, a mobile phone, an electronic notepad, a laptop computer, and / or a similar mobile device).

[0136] In some embodiments, at least one display construct and associated tintable window may be adjacent to a heat dissipation system (e.g., a heater). Heat adjacent to the display construct (e.g., heat generated by the display construct, any touchscreen, circuitry, power source, adjacent sensors, adjacent light emitters, and / or solar radiation (e.g., transmitted through the tintable window)) may be dissipated. Heat may be transferred via conduction, convection, and / or electromagnetic waves (radiation). Heat may be removed actively or passively. Heat may be removed by convection and / or conduction. Active heat removal may be controlled (e.g., using a control system). Active (e.g., forced) convection (e.g., a fan) may create airflow to dissipate heat adjacent to the display construct. Airflow may exist in a gap (e.g., between the tintable window and the display construct). One or more temperature sensors adjacent to and / or operably coupled to the display construction can sense temperature and signal and initiate forced convection when a first (high) temperature threshold is reached. The temperature sensors can also initiate forced convection when a second (higher) temperature threshold is reached (e.g., to prevent malfunction and / or damage) to the display construction. The first temperature threshold may be a lower temperature value than the second temperature threshold. The threshold may be dependent on the ambient temperature. The ambient temperature may include a temperature outside the enclosure in which the display construction is disposed or a temperature within the enclosure in which the display construction is disposed. The heat penetration of the tintable window may be limited (e.g., by using low-emissivity (Lo-E) glass) to, for example, reduce the heat load on the display construction.

[0137] In some embodiments, operation of at least one display construct and associated colorable window includes maintenance tasks associated with the display construct. Control of the display construct maintenance tasks (e.g., pixel compensation, temperature, use, and / or reset) may be automatic (e.g., using a control system). Pixel compensation may include adjusting the brightness of a pixel in the display construct based at least in part on how the pixel has been used over its lifetime. For example, what wavelength and / or intensity the pixel emitted, and optionally for how long. For example, how often the wavelength and / or intensity was projected by the pixel. For example, what was displayed by the pixel (e.g., moving video or a static display). The temperature of the display construct, fan speed, extent of use of the display construct, and / or type of use of the display construct may be monitored over time. Monitoring may be by a control system. Monitoring may utilize sensors coupled to a network (e.g., and to a control system). Monitoring may occur in situ and / or in real time while the display construct is projecting media. The control system can utilize image processing to evaluate the status of one or more emissive entities (e.g., LEDs or other lights) of the display construction. The sensor may include a camera (e.g., a still camera or a video camera). The camera may include a pixel array (e.g., a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera). The camera may be configured for digital imaging (e.g., a CCD or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) camera). The camera may include a photographic plate. The camera may sense a color gamut (e.g., the full range of colors visible to the average human eye). The control system can monitor the display construction continuously and / or intermittently (e.g., at predetermined intervals). The control system can continuously or intermittently record data related to monitoring the display construction. Data may be recorded at predetermined intervals and / or when a threshold is reached. The threshold may be a thermal, electrical, and / or optical threshold.The threshold may be time-dependent (e.g., a temperature exceeding 50°C for more than about 1 minute). Adjustment (e.g., resetting) of the display construct can be based, at least in part (e.g., in response to a time threshold) on such monitoring of the display construct's (e.g., optical, thermal, and / or electrical) properties. The threshold may be a value or a function (e.g., a time- and / or spatially-dependent function). The space may be related to the type of enclosure in which the display construct is disposed. For example, a display construct located in a conference room may be less error-tolerant than a display construct located in a hallway. Monitoring of the display construct can provide predictions regarding the lifespan of the display construct's components (e.g., pixels, electrical circuits, filters, and / or fans). Monitoring the display construct (e.g., over time) can proactively compensate for predicted decay of components associated with or of the display construct (e.g., pixels, electrical circuits, filters, and / or fans). Monitoring and / or diagnosing the display construct can be performed over a network (e.g., a network at least partially disposed on the facility's exterior). Monitoring and / or diagnosis of the display construction may be by a control system. Adjusting (e.g., resetting) the display construction may include (automatically and / or controllably) turning the display construction off and on. The display construction may be cycled once per time interval (e.g., at least about every 24, 36, 48, or 72 hours), for example, if pixels of the display construction may be susceptible to malfunction (e.g., burn failure). The time interval may depend on the type and / or extent of predicted failure (e.g., predicted failure of a single pixel or predicted failure of a group of pixels). The time interval for cycling may depend on the type of viewing of the display construct. For example, static viewing (e.g., use of the display construct as a sign) performed for longer than a predetermined time threshold may increase the risk of pixel malfunction (e.g., failure). If the display construct is used for static viewing, as opposed to moving video, more frequent on / off cycling may reduce the risk of pixel malfunction in static viewing. The control system (e.g., via a software module) may predict (e.g., based on monitored pixel states) the maintenance and / or replacement of the display construct or any of its components. The prediction may be based at least in part on real-time sensor measurements of the display construct's output (e.g., compared to expected output). The prediction may be based at least in part on previous sensor measurements of the display construct's output (e.g., compared to expected output), for example, performed in a laboratory or other testing facility (e.g., fatigue testing). The prediction may be based at least in part on observations of the display construct to be maintained / replaced. The prediction may be based at least in part on observations of other display constructs other than the one to be maintained / replaced (e.g., test display constructs). The prediction may be based at least in part on average pixel conditions, for example, taking into account the illumination profile of the display construct and / or any of its individual pixels. The control system may provide notifications regarding anticipated replacement and / or maintenance. Such predictions may enable proactive maintenance and / or replacement. Such predictions may enable future inventory of the respective display construct to be maintained and / or replaced. Such predictions may enable timely scheduling of personnel to perform such maintenance and / or replacement.

[0138] FIG. 18 illustrates an example of operations relating to at least one display device structure and associated tintable windows. Control of the at least one display device structure and associated tintable windows may involve integration of display device structure control and tintable window control. Control of the at least one display device structure may be over a network. In block 1801, the tint level of at least one tintable window is adjusted during use of one or more associated display device structures and / or in preparation for use of the display device structures. For example, the tint level of the tintable window may be automatically dimmed during use of one or more display device structures. The automatically dimming of the tint level of the at least one tintable window may be based, at least in part, on (i) external radiation, (ii) media displayed on the display device contrast, (iii) the type of media displayed (e.g., static or changing), and / or (iv) privacy requirements. The automatically dimming of the tint level of the tintable window may be based, at least in part, on privacy (e.g., limiting the ability of someone outside the facility to view the display device structure). During use of one or more display device constructs, the tint level of a tintable window zone may be changed (e.g., darkened). A tintable window zone may include tintable windows facing a particular direction within a facility, tintable windows on a particular face of a facility, tintable windows on a particular floor of a facility, tintable windows in a particular type of room (e.g., open space, office, conference room, auditorium, cafeteria), and / or user-defined tintable windows (e.g., a group of tintable windows in a room or facade that is a subset of a larger group of tintable windows; e.g., a conference room with a display device construct on one of eight tintable windows may darken the tint of the eight tintable windows (zones)). A zone may be any zone disclosed herein.The automatic tinting of the tintable window may be based, at least in part, on whether the display device construct is showing active content (e.g., content intended for user viewing) or inactive content. At block 1803, the tintable window. The automatic darkening of the tint level of the display device may be disabled by a user manually adjusting the tint level of one or more tintable windows. A user may disable the automatic tinting of the tintable windows using a mobile circuit (e.g., a remote controller, a virtual reality controller, a mobile phone, an electronic notepad, and / or a laptop computer). At block 1804, heat adjacent to the display device construction (e.g., heat generated by any of the components associated with the display device construction and / or solar radiation transmitted through the tintable windows) may be dissipated and removed passively and / or actively (e.g., controllably) (e.g., using automatic activation of a fan or other heat exchanger). A temperature sensor adjacent to the display device construction may sense temperature and signal and initiate active heat exchange operation (e.g., initiate forced convection) when a first high temperature threshold is reached. The temperature sensor may shut down the display device construction when a second high temperature threshold is reached. Operation 1805 illustrates (e.g., automatic) prediction and / or forecasting of maintenance tasks (e.g., pixel compensation, temperature, usage, and / or reset) of the display construction. Pixel compensation may include adjusting the brightness of a pixel within the display construction based at least in part on how much the pixel has been used, how often the pixel has been used, and / or what has been displayed by the pixel (e.g., moving video or a static display). The temperature of the display construction, the strength of active heat exchange (e.g., fan speed), and / or the amount of use of the display construction may be monitored. Adjustment of the display construction (e.g., reset) may be based, at least in part, on monitoring characteristics of the display construction. As pixels degrade, more current and / or voltage may be required to generate a requested output. Adjustment of the display construction may include adjusting the intensity of one or more pixels of the display construction to generate a requested output. Monitoring of the display construction may provide predictions regarding the condition and / or expected lifespan of components (e.g., pixels, electrical circuits, filters, and / or fans) within the display construction. The control system may notify and / or proactively compensate for predicted decay of components associated with the display construct. Monitoring and / or diagnostics of the display construct may be performed over a network, which may be at least partially disposed on the exterior of the facility. At block 1807, the display construct is optionally adjusted and / or reset. Adjusting and / or resetting may include automatically turning the display construct off and on, for example, to extend pixel life and / or reduce pixel output malfunctions.

[0139] In some embodiments, the operation of at least one display construct and associated tintable window is based, at least in part, on the state of the at least one display construct. The state of the display construct may be checked, monitored, and / or verified as to whether the at least one display construct is on. If the at least one display construct is not on, a default and / or manual tint level of the tintable window may be enabled. The (e.g., on / off) state of the display construct may be periodically checked. If the at least one display construct is on (e.g., operating), a determination may be made as to whether the display construct is displaying active or passive content. If the display construct is not on (e.g., not displaying media), a default or manual tint level of the tintable window may be enabled. When a display device construction is displaying active content, (i) a zone of tintable windows proximate the display device construction displaying the active content may be identified, (ii) a window tint level within the zone (e.g., a different tint level based at least in part on solar radiation, sun glare, and / or the presence of a desired contrast) may be identified, and / or (iii) the tint level of the tintable windows within the identified zone may be adjusted.

[0140] FIG. 19 illustrates a control system for at least one display device construction and associated tintable windows. 19 illustrates an example of a control operation. In block 1901, the status of at least one display structure is checked. In block 1902, the control system determines whether at least one display structure is on (e.g., at least one pixel is controllably emitting radiation). If at least one display structure is not on, in block 1903, a default or manual tint level of the tintable window is enabled and the status of the display structure is periodically checked. If at least one display structure is on, in block 1904, a determination may be made whether the display structure is displaying active content. If not, in block 1903, a default or manual tint level of the tintable window is enabled and the status of the display structure is periodically checked. If the display structure is displaying active content, in block 1905, a tintable window proximate to the display structure displaying active content is identified. At block 1906, tintable windows may be identified for their tint levels (e.g., different tint levels based at least in part on the presence of sun / glare and desired contrast), and at block 1907, any tint level adjustments are made to the tintable windows. Tintable windows may be part of a zone (e.g., a zone may be identified by the controller) or may not be part of a zone. When a first tintable window coupled to a display construction is part of a zone that includes at least one second tintable window that is not coupled to the display construction, the tint of the second tintable window may or may not be changed to the tint of the first tintable window. Changing the tint of other windows in a zone in coordination with changing the tint of a tintable window coupled to the display construction may be predetermined and / or user determined.

[0141] In some embodiments, multiple display device structures are connected together in a control scheme. Multiple display device structures may be mounted adjacent to one or more tintable windows. The tintable windows may be connected (e.g., wired or wirelessly) through a local (e.g., window) controller as part of a control system. The control system may comprise a distributed network of controllers coupled to a power and / or communications network. The control system may control various functions (e.g., functions of a facility (e.g., an office building, warehouse, etc.)), which may include adjusting the tint of the tintable windows and / or displaying media content on the display device structures. Multiple display device structures may be connected (e.g., wired or wirelessly) through a display device interface, which may be housed in one or more housings. The display device interface housing may be referred to herein as an electrical box ((E)-box), e.g., 2006. The E-box may be operably coupled to a network (e.g., for power and / or communications). The network may provide data and / or power to the display device structures. The user content server can provide data to be displayed on the display device construction over the network and / or can provide data and power to the display device interface via one or more connections to the display device interface. The display device interface may include an adapter (e.g., an Ethernet adapter (e.g., RS-485 to Ethernet)) and / or the E-box may include a native adapter (e.g., Ethernet / IP) support. The E-box can send prompts and / or respond to inquiries from the network. Device connections for data transmission may include, for example, Ethernet, HDMI, DisplayPort, RS-485, and / or other types of connections for data and / or media transmission. Power may be provided to the E-box via power-over-internet and / or a separate power cable.The multiple display constructions may show different content on each display construction, may show the same (e.g., duplicate) content, or may be configured to show a single image across multiple display constructions (e.g., such that sections of the image are shown on each of the multiple display constructions). A local controller may allow up to 10, 9, 8, 5, 6, or 4 display device structures to be controlled via a local controller. In some embodiments, more display device structures (e.g., more than 10) may be coupled via a network (e.g., floor) controller, or all display device structures in a facility may be controlled by a main controller. The display device structures may display media individually (e.g., independently from other display device structures) or in groups of display device structures (e.g., at least 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 25, 50, or 75 display device structures may be arranged in one group (set) of displays), which may be controlled to display data as if it were a single display device structure (e.g., one media each divided among the displays in the display group). The display device structures may form a video wall. A video wall may comprise multiple display device structures tiled together (e.g., adjacent or overlapping) to form one large screen. The controller that controls the video wall controller can divide a single image projected onto the video wall into portions that are displayed on the individual display device structures that make up the video wall. The display device structures can be coupled to a wall (e.g., opaque or transparent) or tintable windows. The video wall controller can include a hardware-based controller or a software-based media card controller. A hardware-based controller may include a media processing chipset and may not have an operating system. A software-based media card controller can be disposed on a processor that has an operating system. The processor can be a server or local. The processor can consist of a multiple-output graphics card and / or a video capture input card.

[0142] The display device construction can be arranged into a layout. The layout can include a matrix grid layout (e.g., 2x2, 3x3, or 4x4) of identical display device geometry (e.g., having the same aspect ratio). The layout can also include layouts of non-identical display device geometry (e.g., having different aspect ratios), for example, in configurations other than a symmetric matrix. The displayed media content can be identical, divided, or completely different content. For example, at least two different parallel contents can be displayed on a video wall of the display device construction.

[0143] 20 illustrates an example of a control scheme for a multiple display construction. Multiple display constructions 2002 may be mounted adjacent to multiple tintable windows 2003. The tintable windows 2003 may be connected (e.g., wired and / or wirelessly) via a local (window) controller 2001 to a control network 2004 that controls various functions of a facility (e.g., an office building, a warehouse, etc.) 2009, which may include adjusting the tint of the tintable windows 2003. The display constructions 2002 may be connected (e.g., wired and / or wirelessly) via a display interface 2005 and a controller housed within a housing 2006 (also referred to herein as an electrical (E) box) 2010 to the control network 2004 (including a control system). The control network may be coupled to the tintable windows and / or display constructions via a wiring network, and the wiring (e.g., coaxial cable) may provide data and / or power to the display constructions 2002. The user content server 2007 can provide data to be displayed on the display construction 2002 (e.g., via wiring and / or a control network) and / or can provide data and power to the display interface 2005 via one or more connections 2011 to the display interface 2005. The display interface can include an Ethernet adapter (e.g., RS-485 to Ethernet). The E-box 2006 can include native Ethernet / IP support. The E-box 2006 can also include a processor. The E-box 2006 may transmit messages and / or respond to inquiries from the network 2004. Device connections for data transmission may include, for example, Ethernet, HDMI, DisplayPort, RS-485, and / or other types of connections for data transmission. Power may be provided to the E-box 2006 via power-over-internet and / or a separate power cable. Multiple display device constructs 2002 may show different content, the same content, or may be employed to show one image across multiple display device constructs 2002 (e.g., as in a video wall).

[0144] In some embodiments, a display construction is utilized to display various media within a facility. The display construction may include one or more media display devices (e.g., TOLED display devices), which may be at least partially transparent, for example, when the display construction is not in operation. The display construction may be coupled (e.g., directly or indirectly) to a rigid surface such as a wall, board, or window (e.g., a vision window). The rigid surface may be stationary. The window may be a tintable window (e.g., an electrochromic window). The window may be disposed within a building or within the exterior wall of a building. The vision window may include a tintable window including an electrochromic widow that can be tinted (e.g., darkened, lightened, and / or changed its color (e.g., hue)), and the vision window may provide a contrasting background for the media displayed by the display construction.

[0145] In some embodiments, one or more display constructs may be operably coupled (e.g., attached) to a rigid surface (e.g., a window, a wall, or a board). The coupling may be via hinges, adhesives, fasteners, and / or other suitable mechanisms. The coupling may be at least partially disposed within one or more window frame portions. The window frame may include a vertical portion (e.g., a mullion) and a horizontal portion (e.g., a transom). The display construct may be directly adhered (e.g., using an adhesive) to the rigid surface. The adhesive may or may not be in contact with the window frame (or a portion thereof). The rigid surface may include a hardened material (e.g., glass, metal, or polymer). The rigid surface may include a solid (e.g., plaster, ceramic, concrete, and / or stone). Multiple display constructs may be attached (e.g., using hinges, adhesives, fasteners, and / or other mechanisms).

[0146] In some embodiments, the display construction is controlled by at least one controller. The controller can be part of a control system. The controller can include the controller rather than being directly coupled (e.g., connected) to the display construction. The connection between the controller and the display construction can use wired and / or wireless communication. The controller can be coupled to the display construction via multiple wiring (e.g., for communication and / or power). The controller can be disposed within a housing. The housing can include one or more materials. The materials can include elemental metals, metal alloys, polymers (e.g., plastics), resins, wood, glass, composite materials, and / or other materials. The materials can include transparent or opaque materials. The materials can include conductive or insulating (e.g., dielectric) materials. The housing can include a dispersive or specular material. The housing can have multiple sides. At least two (e.g., all) of the multiple wiring can extend from one of the multiple sides of the controller housing. Sometimes, one controller housing (e.g., including one or more controllers) can be coupled to multiple display constructions. Sometimes, one controller may be operably coupled (e.g., directly) to one display construct. Sometimes, one controller may be operably coupled (e.g., directly) to two or more display constructs. Direct coupling may involve wiring connecting the controller and the display construct. The wiring may be uninterrupted wiring. The controller and / or the housing may include a wiring inlet. The wiring inlet may or may not be on the same side as the wiring outlet of the controller housing. Sometimes, multiple control housings may be disposed adjacent to one another (e.g., touching one another) or (e.g., directly coupled to one another via wiring). At least two of the wiring (e.g., all wiring) connecting controllers in at least two different housings (e.g., all housings) to at least two (e.g., all) display device structures (e.g., in a set of display device structures) may extend (i) from the same side type of the housing and / or (ii) in the same general direction (e.g., upward, downward, left, or right). The side type may be assigned according to the direction the side faces (e.g., downward side, upward side, east-facing side, west-facing side, north-facing side, east-facing side, or any combination thereof). The direction may be relative to a user facing the display device structure and to the center of gravity. In some embodiments, the controller housing is attached to a frame portion. The controller housing can be attached within at least a portion of a window, board, or wall frame. The frame portion can be within an upper horizontal mullion (transom), a lower horizontal mullion (transom), and / or a vertical (side) mullion, or a combination of mullions that form the window frame. The upper and lower portions are referenced to the center of gravity. Display connectors can connect the controller to the display structure via one or more cables and / or wires. The display connectors connecting the controller to each display structure can extend via cables from one of the multiple sides of the controller housing or from two or more of the multiple sides of the controller housing. At least two (e.g., all) of the cables connecting the controller to the corresponding display structure can be (e.g., substantially) the same length. The cables can extend at least partially within the window frame. The cables connecting the controller to the display structure can be of different lengths. The cables can extend at least partially within and / or outside the window frame. The (e.g., local) controller may include, for example, a power connector that can be connected to one or more power supplies. The power connector may be disposed on the same or a different plane as the plane on which the data cables to the display device construction extend. The different planes may form an angle, and the angle may be (e.g., substantially) perpendicular. The different planes may be parallel to one another. Data (e.g., communication and / or media) cables may connect from one or more data sources (e.g., servers) to the controller. The data cables may connect to a media content provider server and / or a server that controls window tint levels. In some embodiments, power and data are coupled to the display device construction via the same cable (e.g., coaxial cable).

[0147] In some embodiments, multiple devices (e.g., including sensors and / or light emitters) are integrated into a common housing. The housing may include one or more circuit boards. The housing may integrate an ensemble of devices. The ensemble may have a single housing (e.g., a cover). One or more circuit boards (e.g., printed circuit boards (PCBs)) may be disposed in the single housing. At least one controller may be disposed within the housing. The housing may be adapted for mounting to a window, wall, ceiling, or other structure and / or fixture within an enclosure (e.g., a facility, building, or room) to perform various functions. A typical assembly of devices (e.g., an ensemble of devices) may include power conditioning components, circuitry (e.g., a processing unit), memory, and / or a network interface. The housing may include a mounting adapter that can be provided for mounting the assembly to at least a portion of a fixture, such as a window mullion. The housing may include (I) one or more openings for admitting external environmental characteristics into the housing, (II) electrical and / or electromagnetic (e.g., radio frequency) shielding, and / or (III) a heat exchanger (e.g., The housing may include one or more features desired for optimized performance, such as airflow, e.g., passive or active. For example, the housing may include one or more openings (e.g., holes) that facilitate airflow through the circuit board. The housing may include a heat sink. A heat exchanger and / or shielding can shield the circuit from external influences and / or can provide shielding between the circuit boards encapsulated in the housing. The housing may include an open body and a lid. The lid may include one or more openings (e.g., holes). The lid can be fastened to the open body to close the casing. The housing may include an opening for receiving a cable.

[0148] 21A shows an example of a rigid surface 2101 (e.g., a tintable window) mounted (e.g., by hinges and / or adhesive) within a frame 2102. The frame 2102 includes vertical mullions 2103a and 2103b and transoms 2104a and 2104b (sometimes referred to as horizontal mullions). Two display constructions 2105a and 2105b are mounted (e.g., by hinges and / or adhesive) within the frame 2102 and cover (e.g., all of) the visible surface (e.g., the workable surface of a substrate or of a window, such as a tintable window) of the rigid surface 2101. Two controllers housed within housings (also referred to herein as electrical (E-) boxes) 2106a and 2106b are mounted within the upper transom 2104a (relative to the center of gravity of vector 2100) of a portion of the frame 2102. Circuits within E-box 2106a (e.g., including a timing controller, network communications (e.g., a router), and / or media-related circuits) are connected to display device structure 2105a via wires 2109a. Circuits within E-box 2106b are connected to display device structure 2105b via wires 2109b. Display device connectors 2108a extend in the same downward direction from housing 2106a. Display device connectors 2108b extend in the same downward direction from housing 2106b. Connectors 2108a and 2108b are arranged to point in the same downward direction. Cables 2109a and 2109b are (e.g., substantially) the same length from each E-box 2106a and 2106b to their respective display device structures 2105a and 2105b and extend within a portion of frame 2102. E-box 2106a is configured to connect to power cable 2110a (e.g., via a connector). E-box 2106b is configured to connect (e.g., via a connector) to power cables 2110b. At least one power cable supplying power to the E-box circuitry can connect to its own power source. At least two power cables supplying power to the E-box circuitry can connect to a single power source.FIG. 21A shows an example in which two power cables 2110a and 2110b are connected to the same power source 2111. The power cables 2110a and 2110b extend (e.g., substantially) perpendicular from each of the E-boxes to the direction in which the display connectors 2108a and 2108b extend from the E-boxes (e.g., the connectors extend on the same side of the E-boxes). The media wiring 2112a connects from a source of data (e.g., a server) to a circuit (e.g., a media circuit board) housed in the E-box 2106b. The media wiring 2112b is connected to the E-box 2106a and (via the E-box 2106b) to the cable 2112a and the source of data 2115. The media cables 2112a and 2112b can be connected to a media content provider server. The E-boxes may be operatively coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a network coupled to at least one controller that controls the facility or any controllable devices within the facility. For example, if hard surface 2101 is a tintable window, any (e.g., all) of the E-boxes may be operatively coupled to at least one controller that controls the tint level of the window, for example, via media cables (e.g., 2112a and / or 2112b) or via a dedicated cable (not shown in FIG. 21A).

[0149] 21B shows an example of a rigid surface 2121 (e.g., a tintable window) mounted (e.g., by hinges and / or adhesive) within a frame 2122. The frame 2122 includes vertical mullions 2123a and 2123b and transoms 2124a and 2124b (sometimes called horizontal mullions). Four display constructions 2125a, 2125b, 2125c, and 2125d are mounted (e.g., by hinges and / or adhesive) within the frame 2122 and cover all of the viewable surface of the rigid surface 2121 (e.g., the workable surface of the substrate or of a window such as a tintable window). Four controllers housed in housings (also referred to herein as electrical (E)-boxes) 2126a, 2126b, 2126c, and 2126d are mounted within upper transom 2124a (relative to the center of gravity pointed to by vector 2120) of a portion of frame 2122. Circuitry within E-box 2126a (e.g., including a timing controller, network and / or media-related circuitry) is connected to display structure 2125a via wire 2129a. Circuitry within E-box 2126b is connected to display structure 2125b via wire 2129b. Circuitry within E-box 2126c (e.g., including a timing controller and media-related circuitry) is connected to display structure 2125c via wire 2129c. Circuitry within E-box 2126d is connected to display structure 2125d via wire 2129d. Display connector 2128a extends in the same downward direction from housing 2126a. Display connector 2128b extends in the same downward direction from housing 2126b. Display connector 2128c extends in the same downward direction from housing 2126c. Display connector 2128d extends in the same downward direction from housing 2126d. Connectors 2128a, 2128b, 2128c, and 2128d are arranged to point in the same downward direction.Cables 2129a and 2129b are (e.g., substantially) the same length from each E-box 2126a, 2126b, 2126c, and 2126d to the respective display device structures 2125a, 2125b, 2125c, and 2125d and extend within a portion of frame 2102. E-box 2126a is configured to connect to power cable 2130a (e.g., via a connector). E-box 2126b is configured to connect to power cable 2130b (e.g., via a connector). E-box 2126c is configured to connect to power cable 2130c (e.g., via a connector). E-box 2126d is configured to connect to power cable 2130d (e.g., via a connector). At least one power cable supplying power to the E-box circuitry can connect to its own power source. At least two or more power cables supplying power to the E-box circuitry can connect to a single power source. 21B shows an example in which four power cables 2130a, 2130b, 2130c, and 2130d are connected to the same power source 2131. Power cables 2130a, 2130b, 2130c, and 2130d extend from each E-box (e.g., substantially perpendicular to) the direction in which display connectors 2128a, 2128b, 2128c, and 2128d extend from the E-box. Media wiring 2132a connects from a data source (e.g., a server) to circuitry (e.g., a media circuit board) housed in E-box 2126d. Media wiring 2132b is connected to E-box 2126c and (via E-box 2126d) to cable 2132a and data source 2135. Media wiring 2132c is connected to E-box 2126b and (via E-boxes 2126d and 2126c) to cable 2132a and source of data 2135. Media wiring 2132d is connected to E-box 2126a and (via E-boxes 2126d, 2126c and 2126b) to cable 2132a and source of data 2135. Media cables 2132a, 2132b, 2132c and 2132d can be connected to media content provider servers.The E-box may be operatively coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a network coupled to at least one controller that controls the facility or any controllable devices within the facility. For example, hard surface 2121 may be colored. If the window is a tint window, any (e.g., all) of the E-boxes may be operably coupled to at least one controller that controls the tint level of the window, for example, via a media cable (e.g., 2132a, 2132b, 2132c and / or 2132d) or via a dedicated cable (not shown in FIG. 21B).

[0150] 22A shows an example of rigid surfaces 2221a and 2221b (e.g., tintable windows) mounted (e.g., by hinges and / or adhesive) within frames 2222a and 2222b. Frames 2222a and 2222b include mullions 2223, which are vertical, and transoms 2224 (sometimes called horizontal mullions). Two display constructions 2225a, 2225b are mounted within frame 2222a, and two display constructions 2225c and 2225d are mounted within frame 2222b, covering all of the viewable surface of rigid surfaces 2221a and 2221b (e.g., the workable surface of a substrate or of a window, such as a tintable window). Four controllers housed within housings (also referred to herein as electrical (E)-boxes) 2226a, 2226b, 2226c, and 2226d are mounted within mullions 2223 on the vertical sides (relative to the center of gravity pointed to by vector 2220) of portions of frames 2222a and 2222b. The circuitry within E-box 2226a (e.g., including a timing controller and media-related circuitry) is connected to display structure 2225a via wire 2229a. The circuitry within E-box 2226b is connected to display structure 2225b via wire 2229b. The circuitry within E-box 2226c (e.g., including a timing controller, network components, and / or media-related circuitry) is connected to display structure 2225c via wire 2229c. The circuitry within E-box 2226d is connected to display structure 2225d via wire 2229d. Display connectors 2228a, 2228b, 2228c, and 2228d extend in the same horizontal direction from their respective housings 2226a, 2226b, 2226c, and 2226d. Connectors 2228a, 2228b, 2228c, and 2228d are positioned to point in the same horizontal direction. Cables 2229a, 2229b, 2229c, and 2229d are (e.g., substantially) the same length from each E-box 2226a, 2226b, 2226c, and 2226d to their respective display structures 2225a, 2225b, 2225c, and 2225d and extend within portions of frames 2222a and 2222b.The E-boxes may be operably coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a network coupled to at least one controller that controls the facility or any controllable devices within the facility. For example, if hard surfaces 2221a and 2221b are one or more tintable windows, any (e.g., all) of the E-boxes may be operably coupled to at least one controller that controls the tint levels of those windows.

[0151] 22B shows an example of rigid surfaces 2231 a and 2231 b (e.g., tintable windows) mounted (e.g., by hinges and / or adhesive) within frames 2232 a and 2232 b. Frames 2232 a and 2232 b include mullions 2233, which are vertical, and transoms 2234 (sometimes called horizontal mullions). Display construction 2235 a is mounted within frame 2232 a, and display construction 2235 b is mounted within frame 2232 b, covering all of the viewable surfaces of rigid surfaces 2231 a and 2231 b (e.g., the workable surfaces of a substrate or of a window, such as a tintable window). Two controllers housed in housings (also referred to herein as electrical (E)-boxes) 2236a and 2236b are mounted within upper transom 2234 (relative to the center of gravity of vector 2230) of portions of frames 2232a and 2232b. Circuitry within E-box 2236a (including, for example, timing controllers, network components, and / or media-related circuitry) is connected to display assembly 2235a via wiring 2239a. Circuitry within E-box 2236b is connected to display assembly 2235b via wiring 2239b. Display connectors 2238a and and 2238b extend in the same horizontal direction from their respective housings 2236a and 2236b. Connectors 2238a and 2238b are positioned to point in the same downward direction. Cables 2239a and 2239b are (e.g., substantially) the same length from each E-box 2236a and 2236b to their respective display device structures 2235a and 2235b and extend within a portion of frames 2232a and 2232b. The E-boxes may be operably coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a network coupled to at least one controller that controls the facility or any controllable devices within the facility. For example, if hard surfaces 2231a and 2231b are one or more tintable windows, any (e.g., all) of the E-boxes may be operably coupled to at least one controller that controls the tint levels of those windows.

[0152] 23 shows examples of solid surfaces 2321a, 2321b, and 2321c (e.g., tintable windows) attached (e.g., by hinges such as 2370 and / or adhesive) within frames 2322a, 2322b, and 2322c. Frames 2322a, 2322b, and 2322c include mullions 2323, which are vertical, and transoms 2324 (sometimes called horizontal mullions). Four display constructions 2325a, 2325b, 2325c, and 2325d are mounted within frame 2322a, two display constructions 2325e and 2325f are mounted within frame 2322b, and two display constructions 2325g and 2325h are mounted within frame 2322c, covering (e.g., substantially) all (or only a portion) of the visible surface of rigid surfaces 2321a, 2321b, and 2321c (e.g., the visible surface of a substrate or of a window, such as a tintable window). For example, surface 2380 of the tintable window is not covered by the display constructions. Four controllers housed within housings (E-boxes) 2326a, 2326b, 2326c, and 2326d are mounted within upper mullions 2323 (relative to the center of gravity pointed to by vector 2320) of a portion of frame 2322a. The circuitry within E-box 2326a is connected to display assembly 2325a via wire 2329a. The wire can be configured to transmit data and / or power (e.g., to a touchscreen). The circuitry within E-box 2326b is connected to display assembly 2325b via wire 2329b. The circuitry within E-box 2326c is connected to display assembly 2325c via wire 2329c. The circuitry within E-box 2326d is connected to display assembly 2325d via wire 2329d. Display connectors 2328a, 2328b, 2328c, and 2328d extend in the same downward direction from their respective housings 2326a, 2326b, 2326c, and 2326d. Connectors 2328a, 2328b, 2328c, and 2328d are arranged to point in the same downward direction.The cables 2329a, 2329b, 2329c, and 2329d are (e.g., substantially) the same length from each E-box 2326a, 2326b, 2326c, and 2326d to the respective display device structures 2325a, 2325b, 2325c, and 2325d and extend within a portion of the frame 2322a. The E-boxes may be operably coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a network coupled to at least one controller that controls the facility or any controllable devices within the facility. For example, if the hard surfaces 2321a, 2321b, and 2321c are one or more tintable windows, any (e.g., all) of the E-boxes may be operably coupled to at least one controller that controls the tint levels of those windows. The controller, housed within housing 2330, is mounted within a portion of frame 2322b (relative to the center of gravity of vector 2320) within mullion 2323. Circuitry within controller 2330 (including, for example, a timing controller, network components, and / or media-related circuitry) is connected to display device structure 2325e via wire 2329e. Circuitry within controller 2330 is connected to display device structure 2325f via wire 2329f. Circuitry within controller 2330 (e.g., including a timing controller, network components, and / or media-related circuitry) is connected to display device structure 2325g via wire 2329g. Circuitry within controller 2330 is connected to display device structure 2325h via wire 2329h. Cables 2329e, 2329f, 2329g, and 2329h are (e.g., substantially) the same length from controller 2330 to respective display device structures 2325e, 2325f, 2325g, and 2325h, and extend within portions of frames 2322b and 2322c. Controller 2330 may be operatively coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a network coupled to at least one controller that controls the facility or any controllable devices within the facility. For example, if hard surfaces 2321a, 2321b, and 2321c are one or more tintable windows, any (e.g., all) of the controllers may be operably coupled to at least one controller that controls the level of tint on those windows.

[0153] 24 shows examples of solid surfaces 2421 a, 2421 b, and 2421 c (e.g., tintable windows) attached (e.g., by hinges and / or adhesive) within frames 2422 a, 2422 b, and 2422 c. Frames 2422 a, 2422 b, and 2422 c include mullions 2423, which are vertical, and transoms 2424 (sometimes called horizontal mullions). Four display constructions 2425a, 2425b, 2425c, and 2425d are mounted within frame 2422a, two display constructions 2425e and 2425f are mounted within frame 2422b, and two display constructions 2425g and 2425h are mounted within frame 2422c, covering all (or only a portion) of the visible surface of rigid surfaces 2421a, 2421b, and 2421c (e.g., the visible surface of a substrate or of a window, such as a tintable window). Four controllers housed within housings (also referred to herein as electrical (E)-boxes) 2426a, 2426b, 2426c, and 2426d are mounted within upper mullions 2423 (relative to the center of gravity pointed to by vector 2420) of a portion of frame 2422a. The circuitry in E-box 2426a (e.g., including a timing controller, network components, and / or media-related circuits) is connected to display device structure 2425a via line 2429a. The circuitry in E-box 2426b is connected to display device structure 2425b via line 2429b. The circuitry in E-box 2426c (e.g., including a timing controller, network components, and / or media-related circuits) is connected to display device structure 2425c via line 2429c. The circuitry in E-box 2426d is connected to display device structure 2425d via line 2429d. The cables 2429a, 2429b, 2429c and 2429d are (e.g., substantially) the same length from each E-box 2426a, 2426b, 2426c and 2426d to the respective display device structures 2425a, 2425b, 2425c and 2425d and extend within a portion of the frame 2422a.The E-boxes may be operably coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a network coupled to at least one controller that controls the facility or any controllable devices within the facility. For example, if hard surfaces 2421a, 2421b, and 2421c are one or more tintable windows, any (e.g., all) of the E-boxes may be operably coupled to at least one controller that controls the tint levels of those windows. The controller, housed within housing 2430, is mounted within upper mullion 2423 (relative to the center of gravity of vector 2420) of a portion of frame 2422b. Circuitry within controller 2430 (e.g., including a timing controller, network components, and / or media-related circuitry) is connected to display device structure 2425e via wire 2429e. Circuitry within controller 2430 is connected to display device structure 2425f via wire 2429f. Circuitry within controller 2430 (including, for example, a timing controller, network components, and / or media-related circuitry) is connected to display device structure 2425g via wiring 2429g. Circuitry within controller 2430. are connected to display construction 2425h via wiring 2429h. Cables 2429e, 2429f, 2429g, and 2429h are (e.g., substantially) the same length from controller 2430 to respective display constructions 2425e, 2425f, 2425g, and 2425h and extend within portions of frames 2422b and 2422c. Controller 2430 may be operably coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a network coupled to at least one controller that controls the facility or any controllable devices within the facility. For example, if hard surfaces 2421a, 2421b, and 2421c are one or more tintable windows, any (e.g., all) of the controllers may be operably coupled to at least one controller that controls the tint levels of those windows.

[0154] 25 shows examples of solid surfaces 2521 a, 2521 b, and 2521 c (e.g., tintable windows) attached (e.g., by hinges and / or adhesive) within frames 2522 a, 2522 b, and 2522 c. Frames 2522 a, 2522 b, and 2522 c include mullions 2523, which are vertical, and transoms 2524 (sometimes called horizontal mullions). Four display constructions 2525a, 2525b, 2525c, and 2525d are mounted within frame 2522a, two display constructions 2525e and 2525f are mounted within frame 2522b, and two display constructions 2525g and 2525h are mounted within frame 2522c, covering all (or only a portion) of the visible surface (e.g., the visible surface of a substrate or of a window, such as a tintable window) of each rigid surface 2521a, 2521b, and 2521c. Four controllers housed within housings (also referred to herein as electrical (E)-boxes) 2526a, 2526b, 2526c, and 2526d are mounted within upper mullions 2523 (relative to the center of gravity pointed to by vector 2520) of a portion of frame 2522a. The circuitry in E-box 2526a (e.g., including a timing controller, network components, and / or media-related circuitry) is connected to display device structure 2525a via line 2529a. The circuitry in E-box 2526b is connected to display device structure 2525b via line 2529b. The circuitry in E-box 2526c (e.g., including a timing controller, network components, and / or media-related circuitry) is connected to display device structure 2525c via line 2529c. The circuitry in E-box 2526d is connected to display device structure 2525d via line 2529d. The cables 2529a, 2529b, 2529c and 2529d are (e.g., substantially) the same length from each E-box 2526a, 2526b, 2526c and 2526d to the respective display device structures 2525a, 2525b, 2525c and 2525d and extend within a portion of the frame 2522a.The E-boxes may be operably coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a network coupled to at least one controller that controls the facility or any controllable devices within the facility. For example, if hard surfaces 2521a, 2521b, and 2521c are one or more tintable windows, any (e.g., all) of the E-boxes may be operably coupled to at least one controller that controls the tint levels of those windows. The controller, housed within housing 2530, is mounted within upper mullion 2523 (relative to the center of gravity of vector 2520) of a portion of frame 2522b. Circuitry within controller 2530 (e.g., including a timing controller, network components, and / or media-related circuitry) is connected to display device structure 2525e via wire 2529e. Circuitry within controller 2530 is connected to display device structure 2525f via wire 2529f. Circuitry within controller 2530 (including, for example, a timing controller, network components, and / or media-related circuitry) is connected to display device structure 2525g via wire 2529g. Circuitry within controller 2530 is connected to display device structure 2525h via wire 2529h. Cables 2529e, 2529f, 2529g, and 2529h connect controller 2530 to display device structure 2525h. 0 to each display device construct 2525e, 2525f, 2525g, and 2525h and extend within portions of frames 2522b and 2522c. Controller 2530 may be operably coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a network coupled to at least one controller that controls the facility or any controllable devices within the facility. For example, if hard surfaces 2521a, 2521b, and 2521c are one or more tintable windows, any (e.g., all) of the controllers may be operably coupled to at least one controller that controls the tint level of those windows.

[0155] In some embodiments, one or more controllers within the housing ((E)-box) provide functionality to one or more display device constructs. The E-box may have a cover bracket that can be secured to a mounting bracket. The cover bracket and mounting bracket can be attached within a portion of a window frame and / or to other structures. The E-box has a length, a width, and a height. The length of the E-box can be up to 15 inches ("), 14", 13", 12", 11", or 10". The length of the E-box can have any value between the aforementioned values ​​(e.g., about 15" to 10", e.g., about 12.5"). The width of the E-box can be up to 5 inches ("), 4", 3.5", 3", 2.5", 2", or 1.5". The width of the E-box can have any value between the aforementioned values ​​(e.g., about 5" to 1.5", e.g., about 3.75"). The height of the E-box can be up to 3", 2.5", 2", 1.5", or 1". The height of the E-box may have any value between the aforementioned values ​​(e.g., approximately 3" to 1", e.g., 1.75"). The E-box may include an analog-to-digital conversion circuit board that can be attached to one or both of the cover bracket and the mounting bracket. The circuit board can include terminals for connecting to a power source (e.g., an AC or DC power source) via a cable that provides power to the E-box, and the circuit board can include at least one data input connector (e.g., DisplayPort, HDMI, Ethernet, or other type of connector for data transmission) that can receive data for display on an associated display device construct and can transmit data to another E-box (e.g., DisplayPort, HDMI, Ethernet, or other type of connector for data transmission). The E-box can include a controller board that can be operably engaged with the circuit board. The controller board can include a timing controller, network components, and / or media-related circuitry.A timing controller can be employed for precise adjustment of the timing of changing various locations (e.g., LEDs) within the display construction. The controller board can include connectors that connect to cables, and the cables can connect to the display construction. The cables can transmit data between the E-box and the display construction. The connectors (e.g., transmitting power and / or data) from the E-box to the display construction can extend in the same direction from the E-box or can extend in different directions from the E-box. For example, all power connectors from the E-box to the display construction can extend in the same direction and exit from the same side of the E-box and / or PCBs disposed therein. For example, all communication connectors from the E-box to the display construction can extend in the same direction and exit from the same side of the E-box and / or PCBs disposed therein. The power connectors that provide power from the E-box's PCB to the display construction can be on the same side of the PCB (e.g., and can extend in the same direction, e.g., toward the display construction and away from the E-box) as the data connectors from the E-box's PCB to the display construction. The data and / or power connector between the E-box and the display device construction may be on a first side of the E-box, which is at an angle (perpendicular) to a second side of the E-box, on which the connector for the input power cable is located. The connectors reside on a first side of the E-box, which may be angled (perpendicular) to a third side of the E-box, on which a connector for an input data and / or media communication cable resides. Connectors for (i) input power, (ii) input data (e.g., media) communication, and (iii) power and / or data to the display device structure may or may not reside on a single PCB. The E-box may be operably coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a network coupled to at least one controller that controls the facility or any controllable devices within the facility. The E-box may have a unique network identifier (ID), for example, for communication with at least one controller controlling the facility.

[0156] In some embodiments, multiple cables extend from the E-box to the display assembly. The cables are connected to the circuitry of the E-box via connectors. The circuitry may reside on one or more printed circuit boards (PCBs). The cables may be connected to a circuit boar via connectors. The connectors may connect multiple wires bundled in a single cable. The number of connectors may be at least two, four, six, or eight. The number of connectors may be an even number. The cables may have the same but different functions. The functions may include transmitting data and / or transmitting electricity (e.g., power). For example, a connector may connect a cable that transmits data from a PCB to the display assembly. For example, a connector may connect a cable that transmits electricity from a PCB to the display assembly. The connectors may form two groups of connectors. The members of the connector group may be the same or different. For example, a connector group may include a data connector and a power connector. The respective arrangement of connector types within a group of connectors may follow mirror symmetry, inversion symmetry, and / or rotational (e.g., C2) symmetry. A mirror plane, rotation axis, and / or inversion point for the applicable symmetry operation may be disposed between two connector groups.

[0157] 26 shows an exploded view of an example controller within a housing (E-box) 2602. The E-box 2602 has a cover bracket 2603 secured to a mounting bracket 2604. The cover bracket 2603 has a plurality of slits 2620 (e.g., for ventilation and / or heat exchange). The cover bracket 2602 and the mounting bracket 2604 can be mounted within a portion of a window frame (not shown in this view) or to another structure (e.g., a fixed object). The E-box 2602 includes an analog-to-digital converter circuit board 2605, which can be mounted to one or both of the cover bracket 2603 and the mounting bracket 2604. The circuit board 2605 may include terminals 2606 for connecting to a (e.g., AC) power cable that supplies power to the E-box 2602, at least one data input connector (e.g., DisplayPort, HDMI, Ethernet, or other type of connector for data transmission) 2607 capable of receiving data for display on an associated display device assembly, and at least one E-box connector (e.g., DisplayPort, HDMI, Ethernet, or other type of connector for data transmission) 2608 capable of transmitting data to another E-box. The E-box 2602 includes a controller board 2610 operably engaged with the circuit board 2605. The controller board 2610 may include a timing controller and / or media-related circuitry. The timing controller may be employed for (e.g., precise) adjustment of the timing of changing various positions (e.g., LEDs) of the display device assembly. The circuit board (e.g., controller board) 2610 includes connectors (e.g., 2611) that connect to cables 2612a-f that connect to the display device assembly. The cables 2612a-f can carry data and / or power between the E-box 2602 and the display device assembly. For example, some of the cables 2612a-f can carry data and some of the cables can carry power. For example, the two outermost cables 2612c and 2612f can carry power, and the four innermost cables Cables 2612e, 2612d, 2612a, and 2612b can transmit data. For example, the two innermost cables 2612d and 2612a can transmit power, and the four outer cables 2612e, 2612f, 2612c, and 2612b can transmit data. For example, the two middle cables 26123 and 2612b can transmit power, and the other four cables 2612d, 2612f, 2612c, and 2612a can transmit data. Two of cables 2612a-f can transmit power, and four of cables 2612a-f can transmit data. The connectors may extend in the same direction from the E-box, or in different directions from the E-box. In the example shown in FIG. 26, connectors 2611 extend in the same direction from E-box 2602. The connector can extend from the E-box at a right angle from the direction that the (e.g., AC) power cable extends, or can extend at any other angle from the direction that the power cable extends. The E-box can be operatively coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a network coupled to at least one controller that controls the facility or any controllable device within the facility. The E-box can have a unique network ID for communicating with the at least one controller that controls the facility.

[0158] 27A and 27B show various views of the assembled E-box 2702, which was shown in an exploded view in FIG. 26. The E-box 2702 has a cover bracket 2703 secured to a mounting bracket 2704. The cover bracket 2702 and mounting bracket 2704 can be mounted within a portion of a window frame (not shown in this view) or to another structure. The E-box 2702 can have dimensions (e.g., as disclosed herein) (e.g., length 2730, width 2731, and thickness 2732) to fit within the structure. The structure can be any structure disclosed herein. The E-box 2702 includes a (e.g., analog-to-digital converter) circuit board 2705, which can be mounted to one or both of the cover bracket 2703 and the mounting bracket 2704. The circuit board 2705 includes terminals 2706 for connecting to a (e.g., AC) power cable 2715 that supplies power to the E-box 2702, at least one data input connector (e.g., DisplayPort, HDMI, Ethernet, or other type of connector for data transmission) 2707 that can receive data for display on an associated display device assembly, and at least one E-box connector (e.g., DisplayPort, HDMI, Ethernet, or other type of connector for data transmission) 2708 that transmits data via cable 2716, for example, to another E-box or a network. The E-box 2702 includes a controller board 2710 that is operably engaged with the circuit board 2705. The controller board 2710 may include a timing controller and media-related circuitry. The timing controller may be employed for precise adjustment of the timing of changing various locations (e.g., LEDs) within the display device assembly. The controller board 2710 includes a connector 2711 that connects to a cable 2712 that connects to the display device assembly. Cable 2712 can transmit data and / or power between E-box 2702 and the display device construction. Connector 2711 extends from E-box 2702 in the same direction.

[0159] FIG. 32 shows an example of an exploded view of E-box 3202. E-box 3202 has a cover bracket 3203 secured to a mounting bracket 3204. Cover bracket 3202 and mounting bracket 3204 can be mounted to a fixture, e.g., within a portion of a structure, such as a window frame (not shown in this view). E-box 3202 can have dimensions consistent with fitting E-box 3202 into a portion of a structure, or can have other dimensions greater or less than these dimensions (e.g., as disclosed herein). E-box 3202 includes a (e.g., analog-to-digital converter) circuit board 3205, which can be attached to one or both of cover bracket 3203 and mounting bracket 3204. Circuit board 3205 can be attached to the E-box The E-box 3202 may include at least one terminal 3206 for connecting to a (e.g., AC) power cable that supplies power to the E-box 3202, at least one data input connector (e.g., DisplayPort, HDMI, Ethernet, and / or other type of connector for data transmission) 3207 that can receive data for display on an associated display device assembly, and at least one E-box connector (e.g., DisplayPort, HDMI, Ethernet, and / or other type of connector for data transmission) 3208 that can transmit data to another E-box and / or a network. The E-box 3202 includes a (e.g., controller) circuit board 3210, which operably engages with circuit board 3205. The circuit board 3210 may include a timing controller, network components, and / or media-related circuitry. The timing controller may be employed for precise adjustment of timing changes to various locations (e.g., LEDs) within the display device assembly. The circuit board 3210 includes connectors 3211a-f that connect to cables (e.g., 3212), which in turn connect to the display device assembly. Cable 3212 can transmit data and / or power between E-box 3202 and the display device structure. E-box 3202 can be operatively coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a network coupled to at least one controller that controls the facility or any controllable devices at the facility. E-box 3202 can have a unique network ID for communicating with at least one controller that controls the facility.

[0160] 33A-33D show various views of the E-box. E-box 3302 has a cover bracket 3303 secured to a mounting bracket 3304. Cover bracket 3303 and mounting bracket 3304 can be mounted within a structure or portion of a structure (e.g., within a fixture such as a window frame (not shown in this figure)). E-box 3302 can have dimensions for mounting within a structure (e.g., having length 3330, width 3331, and thickness 3332), such as any dimensions disclosed herein. E-box 3302 includes a first circuit board (e.g., an analog-to-digital converter), which can be mounted to one or both of cover bracket 3303 and mounting bracket 3304. The first circuit board includes one or more terminals (e.g., 3306) for connecting to a (e.g., AC) power cable (e.g., including coaxial cable or twisted wire) that supplies power to the E-box 3302, one or more data input connectors (e.g., DisplayPort, HDMI, Ethernet, and / or other types of connectors for data transmission) 3307 that can receive data for display on an associated display device construction, and one or more E-box connectors (e.g., DisplayPort, HDMI, Ethernet, and / or other types of connectors for data transmission) 3308 that can transmit data to another E-box. The E-box 3302 includes a second (e.g., controller) circuit board 3305, which operably engages with the first circuit board. In some embodiments, the first circuit board and the second circuit board are one circuit board (e.g., and are on the same or different sides of the circuit board). In some embodiments, the first circuit board and the second circuit board are separate circuit boards separated by a distance that facilitates heat exchange and / or shielding (e.g., electronic and / or electromagnetic (e.g., radio frequency) shielding). The heat exchanger and / or shielding may include an elemental metal or metal alloy. The heat exchanger may exchange heat passively and / or actively. The heat exchanger may include a heat pipe, a slab, or a mesh. The heat exchanger may include a heat sink.The second circuit board 3305 may include a timing controller, network components, and / or media-related circuitry. The timing controller may be employed for precise adjustment of the timing of changing various locations (e.g., LEDs) within the display device construction. In the example shown in Figures 33A-D, the second circuit board includes one or more connectors 3311 that connect to a cable 3312, which in turn connects to the display device construction. The cable 3312 connects to an E-box 33. The E-box 3302 may transmit data and / or power between the E-box 3302 and the display device structure. There may be an additional cable connecting the E-box to the display device structure (not shown). The E-box 3302 may be operatively coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a network coupled to at least one controller that controls the facility or any controllable devices within the facility. The E-box 3302 may have a unique network ID for communicating with at least one controller that controls the facility.

[0161] 34A-34E show various example views of a circuit board 3405 that can be mounted within an E-box. The circuit board 3405 can include one or more terminals 3406 for connecting to an AC power cable that provides power to the circuit board 3405, at least one data input connector (e.g., DisplayPort, HDMI, Ethernet, and / or other type of connector for data transmission) 3407 that can receive data for display on an associated display device assembly, and at least one E-box connector (e.g., DisplayPort, HDMI, Ethernet, and / or other type of connector for data transmission) 3408 that can transmit data to another E-box. The circuit board 3405 can be operably engaged with a controller board that can include timing controller and media-related circuitry, as well as connectors that connect to cables that connect to the display device assembly.

[0162] In some embodiments, certain devices, non-transitory computer-readable media, and / or methods described herein include techniques for passing gas (e.g., air) over at least one light of a tintable window. The tintable window may include an insulating glass unit, e.g., a tinted electrochromic-coated light of an IGU. Passing the gas (e.g., air) may be to remove heat and / or reduce the thermal load on the light, e.g., any optically switchable device (e.g., electrochromic coating) on ​​the substrate of the light, and / or other components (e.g., display device construction). Passing the gas (e.g., air) may be to remove heat, for example, by convection. Heat can be removed by conduction and / or radiation. In some embodiments, gas heated by and / or through the IGU light can be passed by pumping, pushing, and / or suction, etc. The gas flow may be to the interior environment of a facility and / or to the outside of a facility (e.g., a building) having the IGU light. For example, the heated gas can be used to heat the interior of the facility. In some embodiments, the heated gas can be used to drive a turbine to generate electricity, which can be stored in a battery in the forced air window assembly.

[0163] In some embodiments, a forced-gas tintable (e.g., electrochromic) window may include two or more ventilation modules in communication with the interior space between the electrochromic light and the third light of the IGU subassembly. In some cases, one or more of these ventilation modules may include one or more air-moving devices, such as one or more fans, for actively moving gas (e.g., air) through the interior space between the electrochromic light and the third light. In some cases, the one or more air-moving devices (e.g., fans) may include one of a blade fan, a bladeless fan, or an air pump. In some cases, one or more air-moving devices from the structure and outside the forced-air tintable window may be configured to supply air to or extract air from one or more of the ventilation modules. In certain embodiments, the exhausted air can be used to generate electricity by rotating a turbine connected to a generator. The generated electricity can be stored, for example, in a battery, such as in one of the ventilation modules. Forced-air tintable windows, their uses, and examples of such controls are described in PCT / US15 / 14453 (WO2015 / 120045A1), filed February 4, 2015, entitled "Forced Air Smart Windows," the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0164] Figure 28 shows an example of a display construction 2801 coupled to a fastener 2802, where the display construction is surrounded by sensor and light emitter panels, e.g., 2803. The display construction is coupled to an E-box 2811 and a power source 2810 (e.g., via wiring and / or cables not shown in Figure 28). The E-box and power source can be disposed adjacent to the display construction or can be disposed further away, for example, as disposed herein (e.g., within a cavity in a fixture such as a window frame, or within a wall cavity). The fastener 2802 includes a hinge having a first wing 2821 including a bracket and a second wing 2822 connected by an axle tube and pintle arrangement. Fastener 2802 includes gas guides 2823 (shown in partial view) that facilitate the directional flow of gas through a set of fans 2805 coupled to respective holes in blade portion 2821 (shown in partial view). The gas directing components are configured to mount a circuit board 2830 having a connector 2831 that connects the circuit board to display assembly 2801. The circuit board may include a controller and / or driver board.

[0165] In some embodiments, the display construct includes touchscreen functionality. In some embodiments, multiple display constructs can be arranged adjacent to one another (e.g., to form a display wall, such as a video wall). The display constructs can be arranged in a matrix (also referred to herein as a group or set of display constructs). There can be a gap between two directly adjacent display constructs. Directly adjacent display constructs do not include another display construct between them. The gap can be hidden or unhidden. The hiding gap can include a flexible filler, such as a transparent polymer and / or resin. The flexible filler can include a carbon-based or silicon-based polymer or resin. The filler can include an optical material. The filler can be polymerized and / or cured by mixing at least two components. At least one of the at least two components and / or the filler may have a viscosity of at least about 400 millipascal seconds (mPa*s), 1000 mPa*s, 2000 mPa*s, 3000 mPa*s, 5000 mPa*s, 6000 mPa*s, 7000 mPa*s, 8000 mPa*s, 9000 mPa*s, 10000 mPa*s, 25000 mPa*s, or 50000 mPa*s. The density of the filler may be at least about 0.9 grams per cubic centimeter (g / cm 3 ), 0.95g / cm 3 , 0.97g / cm 3 , 0.98g / cm 3 , 0.99g / cm 3 The filler may have a dielectric constant of up to about 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, or 2.9. The filler may have a dielectric constant between any of the aforementioned dielectric constants (e.g., 2.5-2.9, or 2.7-2.8). The filler may be optically clear (e.g., to the average human). The filler may have a dielectric constant of at least 2 kilograms force per square centimeter (Kgf / cm). 2 ), 2.2Kgf / cm 2, 2.5Kgf / cm 2 , 3Kgf / cm 2 , 3.5Kgf / cm 2 , 4.0Kgf / cm 2 , 4.5Kgf / cm 2 , 5.0Kgf / cm 2 , 5.5Kgf / cm 2 , or 6.0Kgf / cm 2 The filler may have a tensile strength of at least about 98%, 98.5, 99%, 99.2%, 99.4%, or 99.5% transmittance of (e.g., visible) light. The filler may have a refractive index of at most about 1.9, 1.7, 1.6, 1.5, 1.4, or 1.3 at 25°C, 23°C, or 20°C. For example, the filler may be a Wacker Lumisil® (WL) filler (e.g., WL100, 200, or 300 series). The flexible filler may be flexible enough to withstand changes in the display (e.g., due to temperature changes). The flexible filler may be configured to allow expansion and / or contraction of the display. The flexible filler may be configured to couple immediately adjacent display devices to each other and / or to a structure. The structure may be a tintable window, board, or wall. Mounting brackets and / or hinges may be secured to the display device construction and attached to the structure. The structure may include a frame or wall section. The structure may include a fixture. The frame may be comprised of vertical and horizontal mullions (transoms). The fixture (e.g., frame) may be attached (e.g., by bonding, fastening, and / or other attachment means) to various surfaces (e.g., walls, boards, glass inside a facility, and / or other attachment locations). In some embodiments, the display device construction may be directly attached to a structure (e.g., a tintable window). Direct attachment may use polymers and / or resins. Direct attachment may use bonding. Bonding may utilize adhesive polymers and / or resins (e.g., as disclosed herein). The bonding material may have a state that is more malleable than another (e.g., rigid) state. The rigid state may be prevalent in ambient conditions. The malleable state may exist in specific, controllable conditions that differ from ambient conditions. The change between the malleable and rigid states may be triggered by an external stimulus (e.g., heat, a magnetic field, an electric field, and / or a chemical stimulus). For example, the filler (e.g., an adhesive polymer and / or resin) may be thermosensitive. For example, the filler may be more malleable in non-ambient conditions (e.g., a heated environment), for example, facilitating removal of the display constructs from their support structure (e.g., for maintenance or replacement). The division between display constructs and / or touchscreens in a set may be hidden, for example, due to the proximity of the display constructs and the lack of a light emitter-sensor panel between two immediately adjacent display constructs. A flexible filler may be disposed between two immediately adjacent display constructs.

[0166] In some embodiments, the display construction may be fastened to side brackets. The side brackets may be fastened to a structure (e.g., a fixed object such as a frame or a wall). The side brackets may be secured to the display construction (e.g., with adhesive and / or screws). The side brackets are operably coupled to at least one pair (e.g., two pairs) of light emitter and sensor panels. A first sensor and light emitter panel pair may be disposed orthogonal to a second sensor and light emitter panel pair. The two orthogonal sensor and light emitter panel pairs may facilitate operation of at least one touch screen.

[0167] In some embodiments, multiple display constructs are arranged to form a wall of the display construct. The wall of the display construct may or may not have touchscreen functionality. For example, at least one (e.g., all) of the display constructs in a wall of the display construct may have touchscreen functionality. The touchscreen may be facilitated by at least one pair of sensor and light emitter panels. The touchscreen may include, for example, two orthogonal pairs of sensors and light emitters arranged orthogonally (e.g., as disclosed herein). The distance between a light emitter panel and its sensor panel may span one or more display constructs. The display constructs may be arranged in a matrix configuration (e.g., 2x2 display constructs may form a display construct set). In some embodiments, at least one (e.g., each) display construct in the set includes its own dedicated touchscreen with at least one set (e.g., two sets) of sensors and light emitter panels. In some embodiments, at least two display constructs in the set include its own dedicated touchscreen with at least one set (e.g., two sets) of sensors and light emitter panels. The signal from the light emitters in the light emitter panel travels until it reaches the sensor in the sensor panel. If the signal does not reach the sensor, the touchscreen controller may interpret such a disturbance as a touch on the touchscreen. Therefore, the light emitters and the sensor The route between them must not be unintentionally obstructed.

[0168] In some embodiments, the display construct and / or set of display constructs are (e.g., substantially) planar. The tolerance for variation in planarity of the display constructs is limited (e.g., to facilitate operation of a sensor-emitter panel disposed adjacent to the display construct). The tolerance for variation in planarity between display constructs within a set may be limited (e.g., to facilitate operation of a sensor-emitter panel disposed adjacent to a set of display constructs). The variation from planarity may be more severe toward the viewer than away from the viewer. The variation from planarity may be more severe toward the side of the display construct adjacent where the touchscreen is disposed (e.g., where the sensor and emitter panels are disposed). For example, the display construct may be convex toward the viewer and / or touchscreen up to a predetermined distance. The display construct may be convex away from the viewer and / or touchscreen beyond that predetermined distance. The touchscreen can be configured to present display data as if it were a single display device construction (e.g., each display device in the display device set displays a portion of the screen image, as if it were one medium each divided among the displays in the display device set). A user can use a selector (e.g., a cursor and / or touchscreen) to control multiple display device constructions as if the set of display device constructions were a single display device. Tolerances may allow deviations in planarity of any display device construction disposed between the sensor-emitter panel by up to about 100 micrometers (μm), 300 μm, 500 μm, 700 μm, or 900 μm. The limit of flatness deviation may be in a direction toward the sensor-emitter panel. The display device construction may be (e.g., slightly) concave, convex, or wavy (e.g., within the tolerances mentioned herein). The spacing between two directly adjacent display devices can be at most about 0.1 inches ("), 0.2", 0.3", 0.4", or 0.5". The spacing can have any value between the aforementioned values ​​(e.g., from about 0.1" to about 0.5").The set of display device constructions can have a glass panel common to multiple display devices (e.g., TOLEDs). Each display device construction can have a glass panel that supports a display device (e.g., TOLED).

[0169] FIGS. 29A-29D show various examples of display device constructions that include touchscreen functionality. FIG. 29A shows an example of four displays (e.g., OLEDs) 2903a, 2903b, 2903c, and 2903d sandwiched between a front glass 2904 (which may be tempered) common to the four displays and four rear glass panels (e.g., 2905), each supporting an individual display. Together, the displays form a display device construction set. The four displays in FIGS. 29A and 29B are arranged in a 2×2 matrix (also referred to herein as a group or set) with a gap (e.g., 2915) between two immediately adjacent displays. The gap 2915 can be hidden (e.g., by a flexible filler, such as a transparent polymer and / or resin, disposed between the displays (e.g., to allow for expansion and contraction of the displays with temperature and / or to bond the display construction and / or glass panels together)). The sensor-emitter panel 2918 is secured to the display construct 2902 and attached to a frame cap 2919. The display construct is hinged (not shown) to a structure that is a window frame 2906, which has vertical mullions 2907 and horizontal mullions 2908 (transom). The frame 2906 can be attached (e.g., bonded) to a variety of surfaces (e.g., a wall, a board, glass inside a facility, or other mounting locations). Bonding can be done using adhesive polymers and / or resins, which may or may not have a more malleable state than another (e.g., rigid) state that may be prevalent in ambient conditions. Figure 29A shows an example of a side frame cap 2910 configured to secure the sensor-emitter panel to the display construct 2902 at the side 2920 of the display construct set. , where the sensor and light emitter panels are configured to operate as a touchscreen. Set of displays 2903a-2903d has two sets of sensor-light emitter panels that are perpendicular to each other, and these sensor-light emitter panels frame the set of display constructions (rather than abutting each of the displays). The tolerance for height differences between displays 2903a-2903d in display construction 2902 can be limited (e.g., no display can protrude more than a tolerance threshold (e.g., as disclosed herein) toward the viewer from the sensor-light emitter panel), allowing signals from the light emitters to reach sensors on opposite sides of the display construction set unobstructed (e.g., no display in a set can be convex toward the viewer by more than a tolerance threshold, but can be concave away from the viewer by more than a tolerance threshold).

[0170] In some embodiments, the fastener is configured to couple the display construction to a support structure. The display construction may or may not be equipped with touchscreen functionality. The support structure may be a stationary object. For example, the support structure may be a frame portion of a window (e.g., a tintable window). The structure may be any structure disclosed herein (e.g., a wall, an arch, a door frame, or any other structural frame). In some embodiments, the fastener comprises a hinge, the hinge configured to allow pivoting (e.g., of the coupled display construction) about its axis. The fastener may include a movable joint (e.g., a hinge). The fastener may allow swinging of at least one portion thereof about an axis. The fastener may comprise a mechanical bearing connecting two solid objects. At least one of the solid objects can swing about an axis (e.g., a pin, pintle, or rod, e.g., a cylindrical rod). The swinging motion may be for a limited angle of rotation between two solid portions (e.g., the wings of the hinge). The maximum angle is approximately 270 degrees ( o ), 180 o , 90 o , 60 o , 45 o , or 30oThe angle may be 0.05°. The angle may facilitate reaching any circuitry and / or (e.g., electrical) connections coupled to the fastener. The angle may facilitate attachment and / or detachment of a display device construct to and / or from the fastener. The angle may facilitate attachment and / or detachment of the fastener to a support structure. The fastener may include a barrel hinge, butt hinge, mortise hinge, hidden hinge (e.g., cup hinge or euro hinge), continuous hinge (e.g., piano hinge), flag hinge, H hinge, HL hinge, pivot hinge (e.g., double-acting hinge), self-closing hinge, spring hinge, or living hinge (e.g., without axle tube or pin). The pivot may be of the hinge blade (e.g., anything attached to the hinge blade). The hinge shaft may be of the same material as the fastener body (e.g., hinge blade) or a different material. For example, the hinge axle may be a harder material compared to the hinge body (e.g., hinge blades). The hinge axle and / or blades may comprise a metal (e.g., comprising an elemental metal or a metal alloy). The fastener may include an axle tube and / or an axle (e.g., a pin). The blades may extend from a set of axle tubes that hold the hinge axle. For example, the fastener may include two sets of axle tubes and / or two pins. The axle tube may be part of the fastener blade (e.g., an integral part of the blade made from the same piece of material). Any portion of the hinge may include a composite material (e.g., including carbon fiber). The hinge may include a ceramic material. The hinge may be made of a thermally conductive material such as a metal (e.g., copper and / or aluminum). The metal may include an elemental metal or a metal alloy. The hinge axle (e.g., pintle) may be a durable material. The durable material may include stainless steel, titanium, flat steel, iron, Inconel, Hastelloy, Waspaloy, Rene alloy, Incoloy, MP98T, TMS alloy, or CMSX single crystal alloy. The durable material may include a superalloy (e.g., a high-performance alloy). The hinge (e.g., any of its components, such as its shaft (e.g., pintle)) may include a durable material (e.g., a superalloy). The hinge shaft tube may have a hollow cylindrical cavity (e.g., having a circular cross section).The cavity can form a hinge joint that sets the hinge axis. The shaft tube of either blade alternates with a shaft (e.g., pintle) passing through the shaft tube. The axle tube can be interlocked. The axle tube can form a closed cylindrical cavity. The axle tube can form an open cavity. Figure 37 shows an example of a hinge vane 3721 having an axle tube (e.g., 3781) that forms an open cavity configured to accommodate the hinge axle 3720. The open cavity of the axle tube facilitates attachment and / or detachment of that vane (e.g., 3721) to and / or ...

Claims

1. 1. A system for viewing media, comprising: a tintable window having at least a bleached state and a tinted state; A system comprising: a display device construction configured to display and / or manipulate electronic media, the display device construction being disposed adjacent to and aligned with a tintable window and being at least partially transparent so that a user can view (i) the display device construction and (ii) through the tintable window at least when the tintable window is in the untinted state; and display circuitry directly wired to the display device construction, the display circuitry being configured to be at least partially accessible during operation and / or after installation.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the display device is communicatively coupled to a network that transmits the electronic media, the network being communicatively coupled to a building management system.

3. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a hinge configured to facilitate reversible access or containment of operation of the display circuitry and / or after installation of the display construction.

4. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the display structure is electrically coupled to a power source disposed a minimum distance from the display structure, the minimum distance being at least about 15 feet (15').

5. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the display device is communicatively coupled to a controller that controls the display device, the controller being disposed at a minimum distance from the display device, the minimum distance being at least approximately five feet (5').

6. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the display device construction comprises a first glass pane, a second glass pane, and a display matrix disposed between the first glass pane and the second glass pane, the display matrix being a high-resolution or ultra-high-resolution display matrix.

7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the tintable window is configured for tint adjustment in conjunction with the media displayed by the display device architecture.

8. The system of claim 7 , wherein the tintable window is configured for tint adjustment while the display device construction is projecting the media.

9. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the tintable window is configured for tint adjustment by considering the position of the sun, the time of day, the date, the geographic location of an enclosure in which the display construction is disposed, weather conditions, light transmittance through the tintable window, and / or one or more sensor readings.

10. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one touchscreen is disposed proximate to the at least one display construction, the at least one touchscreen being disposed such that the at least one touchscreen overlaps at least a portion of a viewing surface of the at least one display construction.

11. 1. A system for viewing media, comprising: a tintable window having at least a bleached state and a tinted state; a display construction configured to display and / or manipulate electronic media, the display construction being disposed adjacent to and aligned with the tintable window, and being at least partially transparent, such that a user can view through (i) the display construction and (ii) the tintable window, at least when the tintable window is in the untinted state; and a fastener configured to couple to the display construction, the fastener (I) configured to facilitate access to at least a portion of the display circuitry, (II) configured to span at least approximately thirty percent (30%) of a length of a side of the display construction, (III) configured to facilitate heat exchange, and / or (IV) including a plurality of hinges.

12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the fastener includes a hinge configured to facilitate reversible access to and containment of the display circuitry.

13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the hinge is configured to facilitate servicing of the display construction.

14. The system of claim 11 , wherein the system includes a control board and a power supply.

15. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the shortest distance between the display construction and the power source is at least about 15 feet (15').

16. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the shortest distance between the control board and the power source is at least about five feet (5').

17. The system of claim 11 , wherein the display device construction is coupled to one or more controllers and / or networks by coaxial cables.

18. The system of claim 11 , wherein the display matrix is ​​a high-resolution or ultra-high-resolution display matrix.

19. The system of claim 11 , wherein the tintable window is configured for tint adjustment in conjunction with the media displayed by the display device construction.

20. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the tintable window is configured for tint adjustment by considering the position of the sun, the time of day, the date, the geographic location of an enclosure in which the display construction is disposed, weather conditions, light transmittance through the tintable window, and / or one or more sensor readings.

21. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein at least one touchscreen is disposed proximate to the at least one display construction, the at least one touchscreen being disposed such that the at least one touchscreen overlaps at least a portion of a viewing surface of the at least one display construction.

22. The at least one display device construction may be a plurality of display device constructions, each of the plurality of display device constructions configured to display a portion of a screen image, and at least one controller may control the media displayed on the plurality of constructions based at least in part on a user's tactile interaction with the at least one touchscreen.

22. The system of claim 21 configured to adjust the

23. 23. The system of claim 22, wherein the at least one touchscreen is a plurality of touchscreens including a first touchscreen having a first side directly adjacent to a second side of a second touchscreen.

24. 24. The system of claim 23, wherein directly adjacent means there is no other intervening touchscreen.

25. 24. The system of claim 23, wherein the first side is free of a first panel and / or the second side is free of a second panel.

26. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the at least one touchscreen is configured to operatively engage at least two sensor and light emitter panels that are (a) disposed parallel or substantially parallel to one another and (b) disposed at a distance from one another that exceeds a distance at which one of the at least one touchscreens is disposed.

27. 1. An apparatus for controlling viewing of media, the apparatus comprising at least one controller including control circuitry, the at least one controller comprising: (a) operably coupling to a display construction configured to display and / or manipulate electronic media, the display construction disposed adjacent to and aligned with a tintable window such that a user can view (i) the display construction and (ii) through the tintable window when at least the tintable window is in a bleached state, the display construction being at least partially transparent, the tintable window having at least one bleached state and one tinted state, the display construction (A) coupled to display circuitry wired to the display construction, the display circuitry configured to be at least partially accessible during operation and / or after installation, and / or (B) coupled to the display construction with a fastener configured to (I) facilitate access to at least a portion of the display circuitry, (II) span at least about thirty percent (30%) of a length of a side of the display construction, (III) facilitate heat exchange, and / or (IV) include a plurality of hinges; (b) controlling or directing the control of said display construction.

28. 28. The device of claim 27, wherein the display circuitry comprises at least a portion of the control circuitry.

29. 28. The device of claim 27, wherein the display construction is coupled to a hinge configured to facilitate reversible access to and confinement of the display circuitry.

30. 30. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the at least one controller is part of a hierarchical control system.

31. 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the at least one controller is configured to diagnose or direct the diagnosis of the display construct.

32. 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the at least one controller is configured to compensate for or direct compensation for operation of the display construction.

33. 28. The device of claim 27, wherein the at least one controller is configured to (i) diagnose the display construction or direct a diagnosis of the display construction to generate a diagnosis, and (ii) compensate for operation of the display construction or direct compensation for operation of the display construction by using the diagnosis.

34. 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the at least one controller is configured to monitor a condition of, or direct monitoring of a condition of, a filter configured to filter atmospheric air.

35. 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the at least one controller is configured to monitor a temperature of the display assembly or to direct monitoring of a temperature of the display assembly.

36. 28. The device of claim 27, wherein the at least one controller is configured to diagnose or direct diagnosis of at least a portion of the display construction by monitoring or directing monitoring of the temperature of the display construction.

37. 36. The device of claim 35, wherein at least one controller is configured to use the temperature of the display construction to compensate for or direct compensation for operation of the display construction.

38. 28. The device of claim 27, wherein the at least one controller is configured to monitor a state of one or more pixels of the display construction or to direct the monitoring of a state of one or more pixels of the display construction.

39. 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein at least one controller is configured to monitor or direct monitoring of operation of at least one fan configured to operate in conjunction with the display construction.

40. 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein at least one controller is configured to diagnose or direct diagnosis of at least a portion of the display construction by monitoring or directing monitoring of operation of at least one fan configured to operate in conjunction with the display construction.

41. 28. The device of claim 27, wherein the at least one controller is configured to cycle or direct the cycling of the display device constructions after a predetermined time interval, the cycling of the display device constructions including changing the media being displayed over time to reduce degradation of one or more pixels of the display device constructions.

42. 28. The device of claim 27, wherein the at least one controller is configured to operably couple to at least one touchscreen disposed proximate to the display device construction, and the at least one controller is configured to adjust the media displayed on the display device construction based at least in part on user tactile interaction with the at least one touchscreen.

43. 1. A method for controlling media viewing, comprising: displaying and / or manipulating electronic media on a display construction disposed adjacent to and aligned with a tintable window such that a user can view through (i) the display construction and (ii) the tintable window when at least the tintable window is in a bleached state, the display construction being at least partially transparent, and the tintable window having at least one bleached state and one tinted state; A method comprising: (A) display circuitry configured to communicate with the display construction, the display circuitry configured to be at least partially accessible during operation and / or after installation; and / or (B) using a fastener coupled to the display construction and configured to (I) facilitate access to at least a portion of the display circuitry, (II) span at least about thirty percent (30%) of a lateral length of the display construction, (III) facilitate heat exchange, and / or (IV) include a plurality of hinges.

44. 44. The method of claim 43, further comprising diagnosing said indicating device construct to render a diagnosis.

45. 44. The method of claim 43, further comprising adjusting the media displayed on the display device construction based at least in part on user tactile interaction with at least one touchscreen disposed proximate to the display device construction.

46. 1. A method of maintaining a media display device, comprising: (a) displaying electronic media on a display device construction including a light-emitting component; (b) generating sensor data using at least one sensor for sensing the media displayed by a light projection component of the display device construction; and (c) using the sensor data to evaluate the status of at least one of the lighting components by comparing the displayed media with the media requested to be displayed; (d) using a control system to (i) adjust the illumination of the at least one of the light-illuminating components to illuminate the requested illumination level of the media to be displayed, and / or (ii) predict maintenance of the display device construction when the state of the at least one of the light-illuminating components is below a threshold, wherein the control system is operably coupled to the display device construction and the at least one sensor.

47. 47. The method of claim 46, wherein maintaining the display construction comprises replacing the display construction.

48. 47. The method of claim 46, further comprising using the control system to control an enclosure in which the display construction is disposed.

49. 47. The method of claim 46, further comprising using the control system to control the cyclic illumination of the at least one of the light illumination components.

50. 47. The method of claim 46, further comprising using the control system to use or direct the use of a learning module to predict maintenance of the at least one of the light-illuminating components.

51. The control system is configured to provide data and / or power to the display device construction.

47. The method of claim 46, wherein the network is communicatively coupled to a network configured to:

52. 1. An apparatus for maintaining a media display device, the apparatus comprising at least one controller including circuitry, the at least one controller comprising: (a) operably coupled to a display construction and at least one sensor; (b) instructing the display construction to display electronic media, the display construction including a light projection component; (c) directing the at least one sensor to sense the media displayed by a light projection component of the display construction to generate sensor data; (d) evaluating a status of at least one of the lighting components by using, or directing the use of, the sensor data to compare the displayed media with media requested to be displayed; (e) instructing the at least one of the lighting components to adjust illumination so that the at least one of the lighting components illuminates a requested illumination level for the media to be displayed; and / or (f) predicting or instructing a prediction of maintenance of the display device construction when the state of the at least one of the lighting components is below a threshold.

53. 53. The device of claim 52, wherein maintaining the display construction comprises replacing the display construction.

54. 53. The apparatus of claim 52, wherein at least one controller is configured in a building management system that controls a building in which the display construction is located.

55. 53. The apparatus of claim 52, wherein at least one controller is configured to control the cyclic illumination of the at least one of the light illumination components.

56. 53. The apparatus of claim 52, wherein at least one controller is configured to use or direct the use of a learning module to predict maintenance of the at least one of the light-illuminating components.

57. 53. The device of claim 52, wherein at least one controller is communicatively coupled to a network configured to provide data and / or power to the display device construction.

Images