Systems and methods for ultra-high reliability (UHR) enhanced long range (ELR) payload configurations

Abstract

To provide systems and methods for defining or configuring a payload structure to improve the efficiency of the design / definition / configuration of the payload structure and / or the efficiency of data transmission.SOLUTION: A method comprises identifying, based at least on a target data rate and a frequency bandwidth of one of one or more channels, (1) a number of resource units (RUs) within the frequency bandwidth and (2) a number of tones per RU to achieve the target data rate; and transmitting data, via a transmitter, using one or more resource units (RUs).SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 9

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 558,407, filed February 27, 2024, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

[0002] Field of Disclosure The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for defining or configuring payload structures in wireless networks (e.g., wireless local area networks (WLANs)) to improve the efficiency of payload structure design / definition / configuration and / or data transmission. [Background technology]

[0003] Background to the disclosure The market for wireless communication devices is growing due to the increasing use of mobile devices and the increased connectivity and data transfer between all types of devices. Digital switching technology has facilitated the large-scale deployment of affordable and easy-to-use wireless communication networks. Wireless communication can operate according to various standards, such as IEEE 802.11x (e.g., Wi-Fi technology), Bluetooth®, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). Using such technologies, wireless communication devices can connect to local area networks and the Internet without using physical cables and communicate over various spaces and ranges via radio frequencies.

[0004] Ultra High Reliability (UHR) is a new research group within the IEEE 802.11 Working Group focused on improving the reliability of wireless local area network (WLAN or Wi-Fi) connections. In the context of IEEE 802.11, Enhanced Long Range (ELR) refers to a communication method designed to extend the range and reliability of WLANs. An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) payload structure or packet format can be defined, designed, and configured for a 20 MHz channel at a rate of 1 Mbps. For example, UHR agrees to define, design, and configure a packet format to transmit 1 Mbps over a 20 MHz channel. 1 Mbps is defined for the IEEE 802.11b standard, which is a very old and inefficient design and configuration. A 20 MHz Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDM) channel may contain a total of 256 subcarriers (tones). These tones can be grouped into smaller subchannels called Resource Units (RUs). The coding rate (or coding rate) represents the ratio of useful information (data) bits to the total number of transmitted bits. The coding rate can have a significant impact on the efficiency of data transmission using OFDM.

[0005] Various objects, aspects, features, and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent and will be better understood by reference to the detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals identify corresponding elements throughout and generally indicate identical, functionally similar, and / or structurally similar elements. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0006] [Figure 1]FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication environment using a communication system, according to one or more embodiments.

[0007] [Figure 2] 1 is a simplified block diagram of a computing system according to one embodiment.

[0008] [Figure 3] FIG. 1 illustrates the structure of an ELR packet, according to one or more implementations.

[0009] [Figure 4] A diagram showing a resource unit (RU) allocation structure in a 20 MHz bandwidth according to one or more embodiments.

[0010] [Figure 5] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of repeating symbols to achieve a target data rate, according to one or more implementations.

[0011] [Figure 6] 1 illustrates an example of a distributed resource unit (dRu) structure in a 20 MHz bandwidth to achieve up to a target data rate, according to one or more embodiments.

[0012] [Figure 7A] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of configuring a coding rate, modulation scheme, and RU structure to achieve a target data rate, according to one or more embodiments. [Figure 7B] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of configuring a coding rate, modulation scheme, and RU structure to achieve a target data rate, according to one or more embodiments.

[0013] [Figure 8A] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of an RU structure in a 20 MHz bandwidth to achieve a target data rate, according to one or more embodiments. [Figure 8B] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of an RU structure in a 20 MHz bandwidth to achieve a target data rate, according to one or more embodiments. [Figure 8C] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of an RU structure in a 20 MHz bandwidth to achieve a target data rate, according to one or more embodiments.

[0014] [Figure 9] 1 is a flow diagram illustrating a process for configuring a payload structure to achieve a target data rate, according to one or more implementations.

[0015] The details of various embodiments of the methods and systems are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below.

[0016] Detailed Description The following IEEE standard(s), including any drafts of the IEEE standard(s), are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety and made a part of this disclosure for all purposes: the Wi-Fi Alliance standard, and the IEEE 802.11 standards, including but not limited to the IEEE 802.11a standard, the IEEE 802.11b standard, the IEEE 802.11g standard, the IEEE P802.11n standard, the IEEE P802.11ac standard, and the IEEE P802.11be standard through the IEEE P802.11bn standard, including but not limited to the IEEE 802.11b standard, are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety and made a part of this disclosure for all purposes. While this disclosure may refer to aspects of these standard(s), this disclosure is in no way limited by these standard(s).

[0017] To read the following description of the various embodiments, the following sections' descriptions of this specification and their respective contents may be helpful.

[0018] Section A describes network and computing environments that may be useful for implementing the embodiments described herein.

[0019] Section B describes embodiments of systems and methods for UHR enhanced ELR payload configurations.

[0020] A. Computing and Network Environment The following disclosure provides many different embodiments or examples for implementing different features of the provided content. Specific example components and arrangements are described below to simplify the disclosure. It should be understood that these are merely examples and are not intended to be limiting. For example, in the following description, a first feature element that communicates with or is communicatively coupled to a second feature element may include embodiments in which the first feature element directly communicates with or is directly coupled to the second feature element, and may also include embodiments in which additional features may intervene between the first feature element and the second feature element, such that the first feature element indirectly communicates with or is indirectly coupled to the second feature element. Furthermore, the present disclosure may repeat reference numerals and / or characters in various examples. This repetition is for the purpose of brevity and clarity and does not, in itself, affect the relationship between the various embodiments and / or configurations described.

[0021] Various embodiments disclosed herein relate to one or more apparatus, devices and / or systems that include a transmitter and / or receiver and one or more processors, and that may be configured, constructed, or implemented to communicate using any encoding process and technique as defined or supported by any IEEE 802.11 standard, such as 902.11n, 802.11AC, 802.11ax, and 802.11be, or other versions and embodiments of the IEEE 802.11 standard.

[0022] Referring to FIG. 1, a diagram illustrating an exemplary communication environment 100 including communication systems (or communication devices) 105, 108 is shown, in accordance with one or more embodiments. In one embodiment, communication system 105 includes baseband circuitry 110 and transmitter circuitry 120, and communication system 108 includes baseband circuitry 150 and receiver circuitry 140. In one aspect, communication system 105 is considered a transmitter communication system, and communication system 108 is considered a receiver communication system. These components operate together to exchange data (e.g., messages or frames) over a wireless medium. These components, in one or more embodiments, are embodied as application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, communication systems 105, 108 include more, fewer, or different components than those shown in FIG. 1. For example, each of communication systems 105, 108 includes transceiver circuitry to enable bidirectional communication between communication systems 105, 108 or with other communication systems. In some embodiments, each of the communication systems 105, 108 may have a configuration similar to the computing system 2000 shown in FIG.

[0023] The baseband circuitry 110 of the communication system 105 generates baseband data 115 for transmission. The baseband data 115 includes information data (e.g., signal(s)) at baseband frequencies for transmission. In one approach, the baseband circuitry 110 includes an encoder 130 that encodes data and generates or outputs parity bits. In one aspect, the baseband circuitry 110 (or the encoder 130) obtains a generator matrix or parity check matrix, or uses a previously generated generator matrix or parity check matrix, and encodes the information data by applying the information data to the generator matrix or parity check matrix to obtain a codeword. In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 110 stores one or more generator matrices or one or more parity check matrices that comply with any IEEE 802.11 standard for WLAN communications. The baseband circuitry 110 retrieves the stored generator matrix or parity check matrix in response to detecting information data to be transmitted or in response to receiving an instruction to encode the information data. In one approach, the baseband circuitry 110 generates parity bits according to a portion of a generator matrix or using a parity check matrix, appends the parity bits to the information bits to form codewords, generates baseband data 115 including the codewords for the communication system 108, and provides the baseband data 115 to the transmitter circuitry 120.

[0024] The transmitter circuitry 120 of the communication system 105 includes or corresponds to circuitry that receives baseband data 115 from the baseband circuitry 110 and transmits radio signals 125 in accordance with the baseband data 115. In one configuration, the transmitter circuitry 120 is coupled between the baseband circuitry 110 and an antenna (not shown). In this configuration, the transmitter circuitry 120 upconverts the baseband data 115 from the baseband circuitry 110 to a carrier signal to generate radio signals 125 at an RF frequency (e.g., 10 MHz to 60 GHz) and transmits the radio signals 125 via the antenna.

[0025] The receiver circuit 140 of the communication system 108 is a circuit that receives the radio signal 125 from the communication system 105 and obtains baseband data 145 from the received radio signal 125. In one configuration, the receiver circuit 140 is coupled between the baseband circuit 150 and an antenna (not shown). In this configuration, the receiver circuit 140 receives the radio signal 125 via the antenna and downconverts the radio signal 125 to an RF frequency in accordance with a carrier signal to obtain the baseband data 145 from the radio signal 125. The receiver circuit 140 then provides the baseband data 145 to the baseband circuit 150.

[0026] The baseband circuitry 150 of the communication system 108 includes or corresponds to circuitry that receives baseband data 145 from the receiver circuitry 140 and obtains information data from the received baseband data 145. In one embodiment, the baseband circuitry 150 includes a decoder 160 that extracts information bits and parity bits from the baseband data 145. The decoder 160 decodes the baseband data 145 to obtain the information data generated by the baseband circuitry 110 of the communication system 105.

[0027] In some embodiments, each of baseband circuitry 110 (including encoder 130), transmitter circuitry 120, receiver circuitry 140, and baseband circuitry 150 (including decoder 160) may exist as one or more processors, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or any combination thereof.

[0028] 2 is a simplified block diagram of a computing system according to one embodiment. The illustrated exemplary computing system 2000 includes one or more processors 2010 in direct or indirect communication with memory 2060 via a communication system 2040 (e.g., a bus), at least one network interface controller 2030 with a network interface port for connecting to a network (not shown), and other components (e.g., input / output (“I / O”) components 2050). Generally, the processor(s) 2010 execute instructions (or computer programs) received from memory. The illustrated processor(s) 2010 incorporate or are connected to a cache memory 2020. In some cases, instructions are read from memory 2060 into the cache memory 2020 and executed from the cache memory 2020 by the processor(s) 2010. Computing system 2000 may not necessarily include all of the components shown in FIG. 2, and may include other components not shown in FIG.

[0029] More particularly, the processor(s) 2010 may be any logic circuitry that processes instructions (e.g., instructions fetched from memory 2060 or cache 2020). In many implementations, the processor(s) 2010 is a microprocessor unit or a special purpose processor. The computing device 2050 may be based on any processor or set of processors capable of operating as described herein. The processor(s) 2010 may be a single-core processor(s) or a multi-core processor(s). The processor(s) 2010 may be multiple different processors.

[0030] The memory 2060 may be any device suitable for storing computer-readable data. The memory 2060 may be a device with fixed storage or a device for reading removable storage media. Examples include all forms of volatile memory (e.g., RAM), non-volatile memory, media and memory devices, semiconductor memory devices (e.g., EPROM, EEPROM, SDRAM, and flash memory devices), magnetic disks, magneto-optical disks, and optical disks (e.g., CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, Blu-ray Disc). The computing system 2000 may have any number of memory devices 2060.

[0031] Cache memory 2020 is a type of computer memory that is generally located in close proximity to the processor(s) 2010 for fast read times. In some implementations, cache memory 2020 is part of the processor(s) 2010 or is on the same chip as the processor(s) 2010. In some implementations, there are multiple levels of cache 2020 (e.g., an L2 cache layer and an L3 cache layer).

[0032] The network interface controller 2030 manages data exchange through network interfaces (sometimes called network interface ports). The network interface controller 2030 handles the physical and data link layers of the OSI model for network communication. In some implementations, some of the network interface controller's tasks are handled by one or more processors 2010. In some implementations, the network interface controller 2030 is part of the processor 2010. In some implementations, the computing system 2000 has multiple network interfaces controlled by a single controller 2030. In some implementations, the computing system 2000 has multiple network interface controllers 2030. In some implementations, each network interface is a connection point for a physical network link (e.g., a cat-5 Ethernet link). In some implementations, the network interface controller 2030 supports wireless network connectivity, and the interface port is a wireless (e.g., wireless communication) receiver or transmitter (e.g., for either the IEEE 802.11 protocol, Near Field Communication "NFC," Bluetooth, ANT, or any other wireless protocol). In some implementations, the network interface controller 2030 implements one or more network protocols, such as Ethernet. Generally, the computing device 2050 exchanges data with other computing devices over a physical or wireless link via a network interface. The network interface may link to another device directly or through an intermediate device (e.g., a network device such as a hub, bridge, switch, or router) to connect the computing device 2000 to a data network, such as the Internet.

[0033] The computing system 2000 may include or provide interfaces for one or more input or output ("I / O") devices. Input devices include, but are not limited to, keyboards, microphones, touch screens, foot pedals, sensors, MIDI devices, and pointing devices such as mice or trackballs. Output devices include, but are not limited to, video displays, speakers, refreshable Braille terminals, lights, MIDI devices, and 2D or 3D printers.

[0034] Other components may include I / O interfaces, external serial device ports, and any additional coprocessors. For example, computing system 2000 may include interfaces (e.g., a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface) for connecting input devices, output devices, or additional memory devices (e.g., a portable flash drive or external media drive). In some implementations, computing device 2000 includes additional devices such as coprocessors, e.g., a mathematical coprocessor, that can assist processor 2010 with high-precision or complex calculations.

[0035] Component 2090 may be configured to interface with external media, display 2070, input device 2080, or any other component within computing system 2000, or a combination thereof. Display 2070 may be a liquid crystal display (LCD), an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, a flat panel display, a solid state display, a cathode ray tube (CRT) display, a projector, a printer, or other display device now known or later developed for outputting determined information. Display 2070 may serve as an interface for a user to ascertain the functionality of processor(s) 2010, or specifically with software stored in memory 2060.

[0036] Input device(s) 2080 may be configured to allow a user to interact with any of the components of computing system 2000. Input device(s) 2080 may be a cursor control device such as a pad, a keyboard, a mouse, or a joystick. Input device(s) 2080 may also be a remote control, a touchscreen display (which may be a combination of display 2070 and input device(s) 2080), or any other device operative in conjunction with computing system 2000 to interact with computing system 2000 (e.g., any device operative in conjunction with computing system 2000 to act as an interface between a user and computing system 2000).

[0037] Aspects of the operating environment and components described above will become apparent in the context of the systems and methods disclosed herein.

[0038] B. Systems and methods for Ultra High Reliability (UHR) Enhanced Long Range (ELR) payload configurations.

[0039] FIG. 3 illustrates the structure or format of an ELR packet 300 according to one or more embodiments. The ELR packet 300 may be a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) including a legacy preamble 301, an ELR preamble 302, and a data payload 303. The legacy preamble 301 may be a WLAN-compatible (e.g., IEEE 802.11be-compatible) preamble. The ELR preamble 302 may be used to detect the ELR packet (e.g., by including a specific bit value sequence). The data payload may be encoded using a forward error correction (FEC) scheme 310 and modulated using a digital modulation scheme 320 and a channel modulation scheme such as OFDM 330. In some embodiments, the FEC scheme may be implemented using a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code. An RU or dRU may be defined / assigned / designed / configured for an OFDMA channel, and a data payload may be transmitted using the defined / assigned / designed / configured RU or dRU 340.

[0040] 4 illustrates a resource unit (RU) allocation structure 400 for a 20 MHz bandwidth, according to one or more embodiments. A 20 MHz channel can be divided into multiple RUs, each containing a number of subcarriers (or tones). For example, the 256 tones of a 20 MHz channel can be allocated / grouped into (1) an RU containing 26 tones (referred to as a "26-RU" 410), (2) an RU containing 52 tones (referred to as a "52-RU" 420), or (3) an RU containing 106 tones (referred to as a "106-RU" 430). As shown in FIG. 4 , 26-RU 410 may include nine 26-RUs, including 26-RU1 411, 26-RU2 412, 26-RU3 413, 26-RU4 414, 26-RU5 415, 26-RU6 416, 26-RU7 417, 26-RU8 418, and 26-RU9 419. 52-RU 420 may include four 52-RUs, including 52-RU1 421, 52-RU2 422, 52-RU3 423, and 52-RU4 424, such that (1) 52-RU1 421 includes the tones assigned to 26-RU1 411 and 26-RU2 412, (2) 52-RU2 422 includes the tones assigned to 26-RU3 413 and 26-RU4 414, (3) 52-RU3 423 includes the tones assigned to 26-RU6 416 and 26-RU7 417, and (4) 52-RU4 424 includes the tones assigned to 26-RU8 418 and 26-RU9 419. 106-RU 430 may include two 106-RUs, including 106-RU1 431 and 106-RU2 432, so that (1) 106-RU1 431 includes the tones assigned to 26-RU1 411 through 26-RU4 414, and (2) 106-RU2 432 includes the tones assigned to 26-RU6 416 through 26-RU9 419.

[0041] In one aspect, to improve the efficiency of a communication system (e.g., efficiency of designing / defining / configuring payload structures, efficiency of data transmission using OFDM), the preamble may be designed / defined / configured to be robust enough to support 1 Mbps. Supporting more than 1 Mbps would make the preamble excessively long and complex. Therefore, support for 1 Mbps or rates not much lower than 1 Mbps may be limited by the preamble, which may increase on-air time.

[0042] To minimize design effort, it is preferable to utilize existing designs / methods / configurations from standards such as IEEE 802.11ac, IEEE 802.11ax, or IEEE 802.11be as much as possible. Several designs / configurations exist. For example, a 26-RU MCS0 (Modulation Coding Scheme (MCS) index 0) design / configuration can support speeds of 800–900 Kbps depending on the cyclic prefix (CP) size, but the supported speed is a little low. A 52-RU MCS0 design / configuration can support approximately 1.7 Mbps (CP = 1.6 μs in this case). This method can achieve data rates below 1 Mbps using time repetition, but it may have similar issues to the 26-RU design. The IEEE 802.11ac MCS0 design / scheme / configuration in a 20 MHz channel can support a data rate of 6.25 Mbps (CP = 0.8 μs in this case), and a maximum data rate of 1 Mbps can be achieved using repetition. When using the IEEE 802.11ac MCS0 scheme in a 20 MHz channel, a data rate of 6.25 Mbps can be achieved with a 3.2 μs OFDM symbol (plus a 0.8 μs CP). If eight repetitions and a single 1.6 μs CP are used to transmit data, a data rate of 956 Kbps, which is quite close to 1 Mbps, can be achieved. Alternatively, seven repetitions with the same 1.6 μs CP can yield 1.083 Mbps. However, because Wi-Fi preamble acquisition is based on repetition, simple time-domain repetition can cause devices to falsely detect the preamble of that symbol.

[0043] To address these issues, systems and methods according to some implementations may utilize various techniques related to one or more parameters including at least one of the symbol period, the size of the RU, the number of tones, the coding rate, or the CP size to improve the efficiency of the design / definition / configuration of the payload structure and / or the efficiency of the data transmission.

[0044] In some embodiments, the systems and methods of the present disclosure improve the efficiency of designing, defining, and configuring a payload structure and / or the efficiency of data transmission in a wireless network (e.g., a WLAN). Some embodiments of the systems and methods may utilize various techniques for adjusting one or more parameters, including at least one of the symbol period, RU size, number of tones, coding rate, and CP size, as described herein. To improve the efficiency of designing, defining, and configuring a payload structure and / or the efficiency of data transmission, some embodiments of the systems and methods provide several methods for determining, selecting, choosing, adjusting, and / or changing one or more parameters, including at least one of the symbol period, RU size, number of tones, coding rate, and CP size. For example, the systems and methods may provide several methods for arriving at an appropriate number of tones and coding rate to achieve a desired data rate (e.g., a target data rate).

[0045] In some implementations, the system and method determine the number of iterations, N, to achieve the target data rate based on the target data rate (e.g., 1 Mbps) and / or frequency bandwidth (e.g., 20 MHz). R For example, the system can identify (recognize) N so that if an OFDM symbol is repeated 8 times with a single CP=1.6 μs prepended, the system can achieve a data rate very close to 1 Mbps (e.g., 956 Kbps). RThe system can specify N = 8 so that if the symbol is repeated 7 times with a CP = 1.6 μs prefix, the system can also achieve a data rate very close to 1 Mbps (e.g., 1.083 Mbps). R = 7. In some implementations, the system can cyclically shift each repetition (e.g., each repeated symbol) by a different number of samples to prevent signal periodicity. If each repetition includes 64 samples, each repetition can be cyclically shifted using numbers from 0 to 63. Here, a sample (of a symbol) refers to an individual point in the time-domain waveform of a symbol (e.g., an OFDM symbol). For example, if the first symbol includes samples x0, x1, . . . , x63, the second symbol following the first symbol can be cyclically shifted by three samples (e.g., 3 from 0 to 63 can be used as the number of cyclic shifts), so that the second symbol can include samples x3, x4, . . . , x63, x0, x1, x2. In general, if the repeated symbol includes n samples, the number of cyclic shifts can range from 0 to (n-1). In some implementations, symbols containing 64 samples may be used to align with the symbol size used in wireless standards (e.g., 802.11ac).

[0046] In some implementations, the system and method may utilize the IEEE 802.11bn dRU (distributed RU or interleaved RU) scheme / design / configuration with minor modifications. The dRU can spread tones over 20 MHz to maximize transmit power in a particular modulation region. In a 52-RU (or 52-dRU) design / configuration, there may be four different possible mappings. One mapping can be used in one symbol and another mapping can be used in the next symbol, thereby avoiding repetition and providing greater diversity by using different tones in different symbols. However, to reach 1 Mbps, the system and method may add four data tones to reuse the 56-RU design / configuration from IEEE 802.11ac. The four data tones may be arbitrarily selected from unused data tones. For example, a 106-RU design / configuration may be based on the 52-RU design / configuration by adding four tones, and these same tones may be used. It is noted that this design / configuration in the second embodiment is independent of any particular RU design / configuration, provided that it includes the RU 52 design / configuration that is the target of IEEE 802.11bn.

[0047] In some implementations, the systems and methods can use a new code rate, e.g., instead of using Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) with a code rate of 1 / 2 (MCS0), BPSK with a code rate of 2 / 3. In some implementations, the code rate of 2 / 3 can be used with Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) and higher Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), thereby providing easy scalability.

[0048] In some implementations, when combining 26-RU with BPSK and a coding rate of 2 / 3, the system and method can achieve a data rate of 1.11 Mbps. Using a slightly lower coding rate of 5 / 8 can achieve a data rate of 1.04 Mbps, which is closer to 1 Mbps (the design / configuration goal), but may require a new coding rate. The new coding rate can be designed / configured by puncturing the existing coding rate (e.g., discarding or removing one or more parity bits from the parity bits after encoding).

[0049] In some implementations, improved performance can be achieved by using QPSK with a 1 / 3 or similar code rate. In some implementations, the system and method can use 26-RUs (as shown in FIG. 6) to spread the tones across 20 MHz to improve power and diversity. Different RUs (e.g., from the nine defined 26-RUs) can be used in consecutive symbols to use different tone sets.

[0050] In some implementations, an OFDM modulation scheme with 52-dRUs may be combined with BPSK and a coding rate of 1 / 3, allowing the system and method to achieve data rates approaching 1 Mbps, which may be the coding rate of an LPDC code.

[0051] In some implementations, the system and method may use a new RU size. For example, instead of using a 26-RU, the system and method may use / define / configure a larger RU size. A 26-RU may have 24 data tones and 2 pilots, so 12 information bits are transmitted per BPSK symbol. In some implementations, the system and method may use 15 information bits instead of 12 information bits, thereby achieving a data rate of 1.04 Mbps with a 1.6 μs CP and 30 data tones.

[0052] In some implementations, a system for wireless communication over one or more channels may include one or more processors and memory coupled to the one or more processors. The one or more processors may be configured to determine, based at least on a target data rate and a frequency bandwidth of one of the one or more channels, (1) a number of resource units (RUs) within the frequency bandwidth and (2) a number of tones per RU to achieve the target data rate. The one or more processors may be configured to transmit data using the one or more RUs via a transmitter. The target data rate may be 1 Mbps. The frequency bandwidth may be 20 MHz. Each of the one or more RUs may be a distributed RU (dRU).

[0053] In some implementations, the one or more processors may be configured to transmit a first symbol and a second symbol following the first symbol using multiple RUs, where the RUs for transmitting the first symbol and the RUs for transmitting the second symbol may differ among the multiple RUs.

[0054] In some implementations, the one or more processors may be configured to identify a number of repetitions per OFDM symbol while applying a single CP to the repeated symbols based at least on a target data rate and a frequency bandwidth of the channel. For a particular symbol, the one or more processors may be configured to generate multiple symbols according to the number of repetitions by circularly shifting the particular symbol. The one or more processors may be configured to transmit the generated multiple symbols via a transmitter.

[0055] In some implementations, the one or more processors may be configured to identify, based at least on the target data rate and the frequency bandwidth of the channel, a number of additional tones within the frequency bandwidth to achieve the target data rate. The number of RUs within the frequency bandwidth may be 2. The number of tones per RU may be 106. The number of additional tones within the frequency bandwidth may be 4.

[0056] In some implementations, the one or more processors may be configured to identify a modulation scheme and a coding rate based on at least a target data rate. The one or more processors may be configured to modulate using the modulation scheme and coding rate. The number of RUs in a frequency bandwidth may be 4. The number of tones per RU may be 52. The modulation scheme may be binary phase shift keying (BPSK). The coding rate may be 1 / 3.

[0057] In some implementations, the number of RUs in a frequency bandwidth may be 9. The number of tones per RU may be 26. The modulation scheme may be binary phase shift keying (BPSK). The coding rate may be 2 / 3.

[0058] Embodiments of the present disclosure have at least the following advantages and benefits: First, embodiments of the present disclosure can provide a useful technique for preventing symbol periodicity in a signal by cyclically shifting each repetition. Second, embodiments of the present disclosure can provide a useful technique for maximizing transmit power in a specific modulation region using distributed RUs (dRUs). Third, embodiments of the present disclosure can provide a useful technique for improving power and diversity using a new coding rate, for example, a 2 / 3 coding rate. Fourth, embodiments of the present disclosure can provide a useful technique for achieving a speed (rate) of approximately 1 Mbps (e.g., 1.04 Mbps) by increasing the RU size.

[0059] 5 is a diagram 500 illustrating an example of repeating symbols to achieve a target data rate (e.g., close to 1 Mbps) according to one or more embodiments. The system and method (e.g., communication system 105, baseband circuitry 110, or transmitter circuitry 120) may determine the number of repetitions N to achieve the target data rate based on the target data rate (e.g., 1 Mbps) and / or frequency bandwidth (e.g., 20 MHz). R For example, if an OFDM symbol is repeated eight times with a single leading CP=1.6 μs, the system can achieve a data rate fairly close to 1 Mbps (e.g., 956 Kbps). R We can specify N = 8 so that the system can similarly achieve a data rate very close to 1 Mbps (e.g., 1.083 Mbps) when repeating an OFDM symbol 7 times with a single CP = 1.6 μs prepended. R 5, N = 7 can be determined. R In response to identifying the pair of CP0 (510) and Symbol0 (520), the system assigns Symbol0 to N RRepeat this process: CP0 (510-1), Symbol0 (520-0), Symbol1 (520-1), Symbol2 (520-2), and Symbol NR (520-N R ) sequence.

[0060] The system may need to re-encode each repetition (e.g., each repeated symbol, Symbol 1, Symbol 2, . . . and Symbol 3 in FIG. 5) to prevent periodicity of the signal. NR ) can be circularly shifted by a different number of samples. For example, if each repetition includes 64 samples, each repetition can be circularly shifted using numbers ranging from 0 to 63. If the first OFDM symbol includes samples x0, x1,...,x63, the second symbol following the first symbol can be circularly shifted by three samples (e.g., 3 can be used as the number of circular shifts from 0 to 63), so that the second symbol can include samples x3, x4,...,x63, x0, x1, x2.

[0061] FIG. 6 is a diagram 600 illustrating an example structure of a distributed resource unit (dRu) in a 20 MHz bandwidth to achieve a target data rate (e.g., approaching 1 Mbps) according to one or more embodiments. FIG. 6 also illustrates the data subcarrier index and pilot subcarrier index of each dRu within a 20 MHz EHT PPDU. In some implementations, the system and method may utilize the IEEE 802.11bn dRU (distributed RU or interleaved RU) scheme / design / configuration with minor modifications. The dRU may spread tones over 20 MHz to maximize transmit power in a particular modulation region.

[0062] As shown in FIG. 6, the 256 tones of a 20 MHz channel can be assigned / grouped into (1) a dRU containing 26 tones (referred to as a "26-dRU" 610), (2) a dRU containing 52 tones (referred to as a "52-dRU" 620), or (3) a dRU containing 106 tones (referred to as a "106-dRU" 630). 26-dRU610 is a nucleotide sequence of 26-dRU1 611 (-120:9:-12, 16:9:114), 26-dRU2 612 (-120:9:-12, 16:9:114), 26-dRU3 613 (-120:9:-12, 16:9:114), 26-dRU4 614 (-120:9:-12, 16:9:114), 26-dRU5 615 (-120:9:-12, 16:9:114), 26-dRU6 616 (-120:9:-12, 16:9:114), 26-dRU7 617 (-120:9:-12, 16:9:114), and 26-dRU8 It may contain nine 26-dRUs (data and pilot subcarrier indexes in brackets), including 618 (-120:9:-12, 16:9:114), and 26-dRU9 619 (-120:9:-12, 16:9:114). i :N w :N f " refers to one or more subcarrier indices N i , N i +N w , N i +2N w , …, N f It means the range of [N a , N b ]" is a a and N b52-dRU 620 may include four 52-dRUs, including 52-dRU1 621, 52-dRU2 622, 52-dRU3 623, and 52-dRU4 624, such that (1) 52-dRU1 621 includes the tones assigned to 26-dRU1 611 and 26-dRU2 612, (2) 52-dRU2 622 includes the tones assigned to 26-dRU3 613 and 26-dRU4 614, (3) 52-dRU3 623 includes the tones assigned to 26-dRU6 616 and 26-dRU7 617, and (4) 52-dRU4 624 includes the tones assigned to 26-dRU8 618 and 26-dRU9 619. 106-RU 630 may include two 106-dRUs, including 106-dRU1 631 and 106-dRU2 632, such that (1) 106-dRU1 631 includes tones assigned to 26-dRU1 611 through 26-dRU4 614 and [-3, 3], and (2) 106-RU2 432 includes tones assigned to 26-RU6 416 through 26-RU9 419 and [-2, 2].

[0063] In a 52-RU (or 52-dRU) design / configuration, there may be four different possible mappings (e.g., 52-dRU1 621, 52-dRU2 622, 52-dRU3 623, and 52-dRU4 624 in FIG. 6). One mapping can be used in one symbol and another mapping in the next symbol, thereby avoiding repetition and providing greater diversity by using different tones in different symbols. However, to reach 1 Mbps, the system and method can add four data tones to reuse the 56-coding design / configuration from IEEE 802.11ac. The four data tones can be arbitrarily selected from unused data tones. For example, a 106-dRU design / configuration can be based on the 52-dRU design / configuration by adding four tones, and these same tones can be used. For example, as shown in FIG. 6 , four tones [−3, 3] and [−2, 2] are added to form 106-RU 630, resulting in (1) adding tone [−3, 3] to 26-dRU1 611 through 26-dRU4 614 to form 106-dRU1 631, and (2) adding tone [−2, 2] to 26-dRU6 616 through 26-dRU9 619 to form 106-dRU2 632.

[0064] 7A and 7B illustrate an example of configuring a coding rate, modulation scheme, and dRU structure to achieve a target data rate (e.g., close to 1 Mbps) in accordance with one or more embodiments. In some implementations, for example, instead of using a BPSK scheme with a coding rate of 1 / 2 (MCS0), the system and method can use a new coding rate for a BPSK scheme with a coding rate of 2 / 3. In some implementations, the coding rate of 2 / 3 can be used with QPSK and higher QAM, thereby providing simple extensions.

[0065] FIG. 7A shows a scheme 700 in which an OFDM modulation scheme (703) using 26-dRUs (704) is combined with BPSK 702 and a coding rate of 2 / 3 (701), enabling the system and method to achieve a data rate of 1.11 Mbps. Using a slightly lower coding rate of 5 / 8, a data rate of 1.04 Mbps, closer to the 1 Mbps (design / configuration target), can be achieved, but a new coding rate may be required. A new coding rate can be designed / configured by puncturing an existing coding rate (e.g., discarding or removing one or more parity bits from the parity bits after encoding). In some embodiments, improved performance can be achieved by using QPSK with a coding rate of 1 / 3 or a similar coding rate. In some embodiments, the system and method can use 26-dRUs (as shown in FIG. 6) to spread the tones across 20 MHz to improve power and diversity. To use different tone sets, different dRUs (e.g., out of the nine defined 26-dRUs) may be used in consecutive symbols.

[0066] 7B shows a scheme 750 in which an OFDM modulation scheme (753) using 52-RU (754) is combined with BPSK (752) and a coding rate of 1 / 3 (751), allowing the system and method to achieve data rates approaching 1 Mbps. The coding rate of 1 / 3 may be the coding rate of an LDPC code.

[0067] 8A, 8B, and 8C illustrate example RU structures in a 20 MHz bandwidth to achieve a target data rate according to one or more embodiments. Instead of using 26-RUs, Figures 8A, 8B, and 8C illustrate configurations using RUs with 30 tones (referred to as "30-RUs"). As shown in Figure 8A, a 32-RU configuration 800 may have 30 data tones and two pilots within the 32-RU (e.g., 32-RU1 801), resulting in 15 information bits transmitted per BPSK symbol, thereby achieving a data rate of 1.04 Mbps with a 1.6 μs CP and 30 data tones. As shown in Figure 8B, a 33-RU configuration 820 may have 30 data tones and 3 pilots within the 33-RU (e.g., 33-RU1 821), resulting in 15 information bits transmitted per BPSK symbol, achieving a data rate of 1.04 Mbps with a 1.6 μs CP and 30 data tones. As shown in Figure 8C, a 34-RU configuration 840 may have 30 data tones and 4 pilots within the 34-RU (e.g., 34-RU1 841), resulting in 15 information bits transmitted per BPSK symbol, achieving a data rate of 1.04 Mbps with a 1.6 μs CP and 30 data tones.

[0068] 9 is a flow diagram illustrating a process 900 for configuring a payload structure to achieve a target data rate according to one or more embodiments. In some embodiments, process 900 for wireless communication over one or more channels is performed by one or more processors of a system (e.g., processor 2010, transmitter circuitry 120, baseband circuitry 110 of communication system 105). In other embodiments, process 900 is performed by another entity (e.g., a computing system other than communication system 105). In some embodiments, process 900 includes more, fewer, or different steps than those shown in FIG. 9.

[0069] In step 902, one or more processors (e.g., communication system 105) may determine (1) the number of resource units (RUs) within the frequency bandwidth and (2) the number of tones per RU to achieve the target data rate based at least on a target data rate (e.g., 1 Mbps) and a frequency bandwidth (e.g., 20 MHz) of one of the one or more channels. The number of RUs within the frequency bandwidth may be 4. The number of tones per RU may be 52. For example, the communication system 105 may identify a 52-dRU 620 that includes four 52-dRUs (52-dRU1, 52-dRU2, 52-dRU3, and 52-dRU4), each including 52 tones. In some implementations, the target data rate may be 1 Mbps. The frequency bandwidth may be 20 MHz.

[0070] In some implementations, the one or more processors may identify a modulation scheme and a coding rate based at least on the target data rate. The modulation scheme may be BPSK. The coding rate may be 1 / 3. See the configuration shown in FIG. 7B.

[0071] In some implementations, the one or more processors may identify a number of additional tones within the frequency bandwidth to achieve the target data rate based at least on the target data rate and the frequency bandwidth of the channel. The number of RUs within the frequency bandwidth may be two. The number of tones per RU may be 106. The number of additional tones within the frequency bandwidth may be four. For example, the communication system 105 may identify a 106-dRU 630 that includes two 106-dRUs (106-dRU1, 106-dRU2). Each of the two 106-dRUs may include 104 tones and two additional tones. See the configuration shown in FIG. 6.

[0072] In some implementations, the number of RUs in a frequency bandwidth may be 9. The number of tones per RU may be 26. The modulation scheme may be BPSK. The coding rate may be 2 / 3. See the configuration shown in Figure 7A.

[0073] In step 904, the one or more processors may transmit data using one or more RUs via a transmitter (e.g., transmitter circuitry 120). Each of the one or more RUs may be a distributed RU (dRU). For example, a dRU is 26-dRU.

[0074] In some implementations, the one or more processors may be configured to transmit a first symbol and a second symbol following the first symbol using multiple RUs. The RU for transmitting the first symbol and the RU for transmitting the second symbol may differ among the multiple RUs. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the RU for transmitting the first symbol is 26-dRU1, and the RU for transmitting the second symbol is 26-dRU2.

[0075] In some implementations, the one or more processors may be configured to identify a number of repetitions per OFDM symbol (e.g., n repetitions as shown in FIG. 5 ) while applying a single CP to the repeated symbols based at least on a target data rate and frequency bandwidth of the channel. For a particular symbol (e.g., Symbol 0 in FIG. 5 ), the one or more processors may cyclically shift the particular symbol to generate multiple symbols (e.g., Symbol 0 (520-0), Symbol 1 (520-1), Symbol 2 (520-2), ..., Symbol 3 (520-4) in FIG. 5 ) according to the number of repetitions. NR (520-N R)). For example, if a first OFDM symbol includes samples x0, x1,..., x63, a second symbol following the first symbol may be cyclically shifted by three samples (e.g., a cyclic shift number of 3 in the range of 0 to 63 may be used), such that the second symbol includes samples x3, x4,..., x63, x0, x1, x2. The one or more processors may be configured to transmit the generated symbols via the transmitter.

[0076] References to "or" may be construed as inclusive, such that any term described with "or" may refer to one, more than one, or all of the described terms. Reference to at least one of a conjunctive list of terms may be construed as an inclusive or to refer to one, more than one, or all of the described terms. For example, a reference to "at least one of 'A' and 'B'" can include "A" alone, "B" alone, and both "A" and "B." Such references used in conjunction with "comprises" or other open-ended terminology can include additional items.

[0077] It should be noted that certain passages of this disclosure may refer to terms such as "first" and "second" in connection with a subset of transmit spatial streams, sound frames, responses, and devices to identify or distinguish one from the other(s). These terms are not intended to merely relate entities temporally or sequentially (e.g., first device and second device), although in some cases these entities may include such a relationship. Nor do these terms limit the number of possible entities (e.g., STAs, APs, beamformers, and / or beamformees) that may operate within a system or environment. It should be understood that the systems described above may provide multiples of any or each of these components, and these components may be provided on standalone machines or, in some embodiments, on multiple machines in a distributed system. Furthermore, bit field positions may be varied and multi-bit words may be used. Additionally, the systems and methods described above may be provided as one or more computer-readable programs or executable instructions embodied on one or more articles of manufacture (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, CD-ROMs, flash memory cards, PROMs, RAMs, ROMs, or magnetic tapes). The programs may be implemented in any programming language, such as LISP, PERL, C, C++, C#, or any byte-code language, such as JAVA. The software programs or executable instructions may be stored on one or more articles of manufacture as object code.

[0078] While the above description of the method and system will enable one skilled in the art to make and use the embodiments, one skilled in the art will understand and recognize that there are variations, combinations, and equivalents of the specific embodiments, methods, and examples herein. Accordingly, the present method and system should not be limited by the embodiments, methods, and examples described above, but by all embodiments and methods within the scope and spirit of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. 1. A system for wireless communication over one or more channels, comprising: one or more processors; a memory coupled to the one or more processors; the one or more processors determining, based at least on a target data rate and a frequency bandwidth of one of the one or more channels, (1) a number of resource units (RUs) within the frequency bandwidth, and (2) a number of tones per RU to achieve the target data rate; A system configured to transmit data via a transmitter using one or more RUs.

2. the target data rate is 1 Mbps; 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the frequency bandwidth is 20 MHz.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein each of the one or more RUs is a distributed RU (dRU).

4. the one or more processors are configured to transmit a first symbol and a second symbol following the first symbol using a plurality of RUs; The system of claim 1 , wherein the RU for transmitting the first symbol and the RU for transmitting the second symbol are different among the plurality of RUs.

5. the one or more processors determining a number of repetitions per symbol based at least on a target data rate and a frequency bandwidth of the channel; For a particular symbol, generating a plurality of symbols by cyclically shifting the particular symbol according to the number of repetitions; The system of claim 1 , further configured to transmit the generated plurality of symbols via the transmitter.

6. the one or more processors 10. The system of claim 1, further configured to: determine, based at least on a target data rate and a frequency bandwidth of the channel, a number of additional tones within the frequency bandwidth to achieve the target data rate.

7. the number of RUs in the frequency bandwidth is 2; The number of tones per RU is 106, The system of claim 6 , wherein the number of additional tones in the frequency bandwidth is four.

8. the one or more processors identifying a modulation scheme and a coding rate based at least on the target data rate; The system of claim 1 , further configured to modulate the data using the modulation scheme and the coding rate.

9. the number of RUs in the frequency bandwidth is 4; The number of tones per RU is 52, the modulation method is binary phase shift keying (BPSK), 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the coding rate is 1 / 3.

10. the number of RUs in the frequency bandwidth is 9; The number of tones per RU is 26, the modulation method is binary phase shift keying (BPSK), 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the code rate is 2 / 3.

11. 1. A method of wireless communication over one or more channels, comprising: determining, by one or more processors, based at least on a target data rate and a frequency bandwidth of one of the one or more channels, (1) a number of resource units (RUs) within the frequency bandwidth and (2) a number of tones per RU to achieve the target data rate; 11. A method comprising: transmitting, with one or more RUs, data via a transmitter.

12. the target data rate is 1 Mbps; 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the frequency bandwidth is 20 MHz.

13. The method of claim 11 , wherein each of the one or more RUs is a distributed RU (dRU).

14. transmitting a first symbol and a second symbol following the first symbol using a plurality of RUs; The method of claim 11 , wherein the RU for transmitting the first symbol and the RU for transmitting the second symbol are different among the plurality of RUs.

15. determining a number of repetitions per symbol based at least on a target data rate and a frequency bandwidth of the channel; For a particular symbol, generating a plurality of symbols by cyclically shifting the particular symbol according to the number of repetitions; The method of claim 11 , further comprising transmitting the generated symbols via the transmitter.

16. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising: determining, based at least on a target data rate and a frequency bandwidth of the channel, a number of additional tones within the frequency bandwidth to achieve the target data rate.

17. the number of RUs in the frequency bandwidth is 2; The number of tones per RU is 106, 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the number of additional tones in the frequency bandwidth is four.

18. identifying a modulation scheme and a coding rate based at least on the target data rate; The method of claim 11 , further comprising modulating the data using the modulation scheme and the coding rate.

19. the number of RUs in the frequency bandwidth is 4; The number of tones per RU is 52, the modulation method is binary phase shift keying (BPSK), 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the code rate is 1 / 3.

20. the number of RUs in the frequency bandwidth is 9; The number of tones per RU is 26, the modulation method is binary phase shift keying (BPSK), 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the code rate is 2 / 3.

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