Air spring

Abstract

To provide an air spring that can restrain a fall of a fastening screw for fixing a retaining member to an upper surface plate.SOLUTION: An air spring comprises an upper surface plate, a lower surface plate, a diaphragm, a retaining member, a first fastening screw, and a sliding plate. The lower surface plate faces the upper surface plate. The diaphragm connects the upper surface plate and the lower surface plate, and forms an internal space between the upper surface plate and the lower surface plate. The retaining member covers a seal part between the upper surface plate and an opening end part of the diaphragm. The first fastening screw fixes the retaining member to the upper surface plate. The sliding plate is attached to the upper surface plate. The sliding plate covers the first fastening screw.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to air springs. [Background technology]

[0002] In railway vehicles, air springs are installed between the carbody and the bogie to reduce the shock and vibration that is applied to the carbody when the vehicle is in motion. Typically, an air spring has an upper plate on the carbody side, a lower plate on the bogie side, and a diaphragm. The diaphragm connects the upper and lower plates.

[0003] An airtight seal is required between the upper plate and the diaphragm. Sealing methods are divided into a fastening method in which the upper plate and the diaphragm are fastened with screws, and a self-sealing method that uses the internal pressure of the air spring. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2014-20478 (Patent Document 1) and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2019-108919 (Patent Document 2) disclose air springs that employ a self-sealing method. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2014-20478 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2019-108919 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] An object of one aspect of the present disclosure is to provide an air spring that can prevent a fastening screw that fixes a pressing member to an upper surface plate from falling off. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The air spring according to the present disclosure comprises an upper plate, a lower plate, a diaphragm, a presser member, a first fastening screw, and a sliding plate. The lower plate faces the upper plate. The diaphragm connects the upper plate and the lower plate and forms an internal space between the upper plate and the lower plate. The presser member covers a sealing portion between the upper plate and the open end of the diaphragm. The first fastening screw fixes the presser member to the upper plate. The sliding plate is attached to the upper plate. The sliding plate covers the first fastening screw. [Effects of the Invention]

[0007] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, it is possible to provide an air spring that can prevent the fastening screws that secure the pressing member to the upper plate from falling off. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] 1 is a partial cross-sectional schematic view showing the configuration of an air spring according to a first embodiment. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of region II in FIG. [Figure 3] 2 is a schematic plan view showing the configuration of a pressing member of the air spring according to the first embodiment. FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional schematic view showing the configuration of an air spring according to a second embodiment. [Figure 5] FIG. 10 is a partial cross-sectional schematic view showing the configuration of an air spring according to a third embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a schematic plan view showing the configuration of a pressing member of an air spring according to a fourth embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] [Description of the embodiment] Embodiments of the present disclosure will be listed and described below.

[0010] (1) An air spring according to the present disclosure includes an upper plate, a lower plate, a diaphragm, a presser member, a first fastening screw, and a sliding plate. The lower plate faces the upper plate. The diaphragm connects the upper plate and the lower plate and forms an internal space between the upper plate and the lower plate. The presser member covers a sealing portion between the upper plate and the open end of the diaphragm. The first fastening screw fixes the presser member to the upper plate. The sliding plate is attached to the upper plate. The sliding plate covers the first fastening screw.

[0011] (2) The air spring according to (1) above may further include a second fastening screw that fixes the sliding plate to the upper plate.

[0012] (3) According to the air spring according to (1) or (2) above, the sliding plate may be provided with a through-hole that exposes the top surface of the first fastening screw. The inner diameter of the through-hole may be smaller than the outer diameter of the top surface.

[0013] (4) The air spring according to any one of (1) to (3) above may further include a bead ring embedded in the diaphragm. An outer peripheral end of the pressing member may be located radially outward of an inner peripheral end of the bead ring.

[0014] (5) According to the air spring according to any one of (1) to (4) above, the presser member may include a plurality of arc-shaped portions. When viewed in a direction from the upper plate toward the lower plate, each of the plurality of arc-shaped portions may have a central angle of 30° or more and 120° or less.

[0015] (6) According to the air spring pertaining to (5) above, the plurality of arc-shaped portions may include a first arc-shaped portion and a second arc-shaped portion. When viewed in a direction from the upper plate toward the lower plate, the first arc-shaped portion may face the second arc-shaped portion.

[0016] (7) According to the air spring according to any one of (1) to (6) above, the lower surface of the sliding plate may be positioned closer to the lower plate than the lower surface of the pressing member in the direction from the upper plate to the lower plate.

[0017] (8) According to the air spring according to any one of (1) to (7) above, the pressing member may include any one of iron, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, ceramic, titanium, copper alloy, fiber reinforced plastic, and hard rubber.

[0018] (9) According to the air spring according to any one of (1) to (8) above, the pressing member may be disposed in a position in contact with the lower surface of the diaphragm. [Details of the embodiment] Hereinafter, details of embodiments of the present disclosure will be described. In the following drawings, the same or corresponding parts are designated by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will not be repeated.

[0019] (First embodiment) First, a description will be given of the configuration of the air spring according to Embodiment 1. Fig. 1 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the air spring according to Embodiment 1.

[0020] As shown in FIG. 1 , the air spring 1 according to the first embodiment mainly includes an outer cylinder 30, a lower plate 20, a diaphragm 4, a retaining member 10, a first fastening screw 21, a second fastening screw 22, a third fastening screw 3, a sliding plate 9, a laminated rubber 5, and a connecting shaft 8. The outer cylinder 30 mainly includes an upper plate 31, an outer peripheral portion 32, and an outer cylinder rubber 33. The outer peripheral portion 32 is continuous with the upper plate 31 and is located radially outward of the upper plate 31. The outer cylinder rubber 33 is attached to the lower surface of the outer peripheral portion 32. The outer cylinder rubber 33 is in contact with a portion of the diaphragm 4.

[0021] The lower plate 20 faces the upper plate 31. The lower plate 20 is disposed below the upper plate 31. The diaphragm 4 is cylindrical. The diaphragm 4 connects the upper plate 31 and the lower plate 20. The diaphragm 4 forms an internal space between the upper plate 31 and the lower plate 20. The internal space is filled with compressed air. The diaphragm 4 has a first open end 4a and a second open end 4b. The first open end 4a of the diaphragm 4 contacts the upper plate 31. The second open end 4b of the diaphragm 4 contacts the lower plate 20. A bead ring 2 is embedded in the diaphragm 4. The bead ring 2 is, for example, a metal core material. The bead ring 2 is disposed so as to surround the upper plate 31.

[0022] The laminated rubber 5 is disposed below the lower plate 20. In other words, the laminated rubber 5 is located on the opposite side of the lower plate 20 from the upper plate 31. The lower plate 20 is attached to the laminated rubber 5 by a third fastening screw 3. A connecting shaft 8 is disposed below the laminated rubber 5. The connecting shaft 8 is capable of communicating with the internal space. The connecting shaft 8 connects the internal space with an auxiliary air chamber (not shown).

[0023] The sliding plate 9 is attached to the lower surface of the upper plate 31. The sliding plate 9 is fixed to the upper plate 31 by, for example, second fastening screws 22. The sliding plate 9 is made of, for example, stainless steel. The lower surface of the sliding plate 9 is mirror-finished. A sliding portion 7 is provided on the upper surface of the lower plate 20. The sliding portion 7 faces the sliding plate 9. The sliding portion 7 is made of, for example, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene). The sliding plate 9 may be attached to the upper plate 31 by, for example, welding or rivets, without using the second fastening screws 22.

[0024] As shown in FIG. 1, the air spring 1 has a configuration that is substantially symmetrical with respect to the axis A. The direction from the lower plate 20 toward the upper plate 31 is also referred to as the upward direction. The direction from the lower plate 20 toward the upper plate 31 is also referred to as the downward direction. The upward direction and the downward direction are each parallel to the axis A. A direction that is perpendicular to the axis A and extends radially from the axis A is also referred to as the radial direction.

[0025] FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of region II in FIG. 1. The cross section shown in FIG. 2 is taken along both the radial direction and the direction parallel to axis A. As shown in FIG. 2, the pressing member 10 is attached to the upper plate 31. The pressing member 10 is fixed to the upper plate 31 by a first fastening screw 21. The pressing member 10 covers the sealing portion between the upper plate 31 and the first opening end 4a of the diaphragm 4. The sealing portion is the portion where the outer peripheral side surface 34 of the upper plate 31 and the first opening end 4a meet. The pressing member 10 contacts the lower surface of the diaphragm 4. The pressing member 10 presses against the lower surface of the diaphragm 4. The sliding plate 9 covers the first fastening screw 21.

[0026] The pressing member 10 is made of, for example, metal. The pressing member 10 may include, for example, any of iron, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, titanium, and copper alloy. In another embodiment, the pressing member 10 may include any of ceramic, fiber-reinforced plastic, and hard rubber.

[0027] 2, the pressing member 10 may have a first portion 11, a second portion 12, a third portion 13, and a fourth portion 14. A groove 51 is provided on the lower surface of the top plate 31. The first portion 11 is disposed in the groove 51. The first portion 11 extends in the radial direction. The first fastening screw 21 passes through a screw hole formed in the first portion 11 and is attached to the bottom surface of the groove 51 provided in the top plate 31.

[0028] The second portion 12 is continuous with the first portion 11. The second portion 12 is located lower than the first portion 11. The second portion 12 extends in a direction parallel to the axis A. The second portion 12 is located radially outward of the sliding plate 9. The second portion 12 may be in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the sliding plate 9. The sliding plate 9 may be fitted into the second portion 12. In this case, the sliding plate 9 and the pressing member 10 are fixed to each other.

[0029] The third portion 13 is continuous with the second portion 12. The third portion 13 is located radially outward of the second portion 12. In the direction along the axis A, the third portion 13 is located lower than the first portion 11. The third portion 13 extends radially. The third portion 13 may contact the lower surface of the upper plate 31.

[0030] The fourth portion 14 is continuous with the third portion 13. The fourth portion 14 is located above the third portion 13. The fourth portion 14 extends in the radial direction. The fourth portion 14 is located radially outward of the upper surface plate 31. The fourth portion 14 may contact the outer peripheral side surface 34 of the upper surface plate 31. The fourth portion 14 contacts the lower surface of the diaphragm 4.

[0031] As shown in FIG. 2, the pressing member 10 has an outer peripheral end (first outer peripheral end 10b) and an inner peripheral end (first inner peripheral end 10a). In the radial direction, the first outer peripheral end 10b is located outward from the first inner peripheral end 10a. The bead ring 2 has an outer peripheral end (second outer peripheral end 2b) and an inner peripheral end (second inner peripheral end 2a). The first outer peripheral end 10b may be located outward from the second inner peripheral end 2a in the radial direction. The first outer peripheral end 10b may be located inward from the second outer peripheral end 2b in the radial direction.

[0032] The sliding plate 9 has an upper surface (first upper surface 9a) and a lower surface (first lower surface 9b). The first upper surface 9a is in contact with the upper plate 31. The first upper surface 9a faces the top surface of the first fastening screw 21. The first lower surface 9b faces the lower plate 20. The lower surface (second lower surface 10c) of the pressing member 10 is formed by the second portion 12 and the third portion 13. The second lower surface 10c faces the lower plate 20. In the direction from the upper plate 31 toward the lower plate 20, the lower surface (first lower surface 9b) of the sliding plate 9 is located closer to the lower plate 20 than the lower surface (second lower surface 10c) of the pressing member 10. From another perspective, the first lower surface 9b is located lower than the second lower surface 10c.

[0033] Fig. 3 is a schematic plan view showing the configuration of the presser member 10 of the air spring 1 according to the first embodiment. As shown in Fig. 3, when viewed in the direction along the axis A, the presser member 10 is, for example, ring-shaped. A first outer peripheral end portion 10b of the presser member 10 surrounds the first inner peripheral end portion 10a. When viewed in the direction along the axis A, the presser member 10 surrounds the axis A.

[0034] Next, the effects of the air spring 1 according to the first embodiment will be described.

[0035] The air spring 1 according to the first embodiment has a presser member 10. The presser member 10 covers the seal portion between the upper plate 31 and the open end of the diaphragm 4. This ensures airtightness of the seal portion between the upper plate 31 and the open end of the diaphragm 4 when the air spring 1 is in use. Furthermore, when the air spring 1 is being transported, there are cases where no internal pressure is sealed in the air spring 1. Even if vibrations or a load are applied to the air spring 1 when no internal pressure is sealed in the air spring 1, it is possible to prevent the open end of the diaphragm 4 from separating from the upper plate 31.

[0036] Furthermore, in the air spring 1 according to the first embodiment, the first fastening screw 21 fixes the pressing member 10 to the upper surface plate 31. The sliding plate 9 covers the first fastening screw 21. This makes it possible to prevent the first fastening screw 21 from falling off the upper surface plate 31 even if the first fastening screw 21 loosens.

[0037] Furthermore, the air spring 1 according to the first embodiment has a sliding plate 9. Therefore, even if, for example, the internal pressure of the air spring 1 drops and the upper plate 31 approaches the lower plate 20, the sliding plate 9 provided on the upper plate 31 slides on the lower plate 20, allowing the upper plate 31 and the lower plate 20 to move relative to each other. Therefore, even if the internal pressure of the air spring 1 drops extremely, the vehicle can be moved.

[0038] The air spring 1 according to the first embodiment further has a second fastening screw 22 that fixes the sliding plate 9 to the upper plate 31. By fixing the sliding plate 9 to the upper plate 31 with the second fastening screw 22, the sliding plate 9 and the upper plate 31 can be easily disassembled.

[0039] The air spring 1 according to the first embodiment further has a bead ring 2 embedded in the diaphragm 4. The outer peripheral end of the pressing member 10 is located radially outward of the inner peripheral end of the bead ring 2. This makes it possible to suppress deformation of the bead ring 2 in both the direction parallel to the axis A and the radial direction. This makes it possible to further ensure airtightness of the seal portion between the upper plate 31 and the open end of the diaphragm 4.

[0040] According to the air spring 1 according to the first embodiment, the lower surface of the sliding plate 9 may be disposed in a position closer to the lower plate 20 than the lower surface of the presser member 10 in the direction from the upper plate 31 toward the lower plate 20. This makes it possible to prevent the presser member 10 from coming into contact with the lower plate 20, for example, when the internal pressure of the air spring 1 decreases and the upper plate 31 approaches the lower plate 20. This makes it possible to prevent the presser member 10 from falling off the upper plate 31. As a result, it is possible to further ensure the airtightness of the seal portion between the upper plate 31 and the open end of the diaphragm 4.

[0041] According to the air spring 1 according to the first embodiment, the pressing member 10 may be disposed in a position in contact with the lower surface of the diaphragm 4. This makes it possible to further ensure the airtightness of the seal portion between the upper plate 31 and the open end of the diaphragm 4.

[0042] (Second embodiment) Next, the configuration of the air spring 1 according to the second embodiment will be described. The air spring 1 according to the second embodiment differs from the air spring 1 according to the first embodiment mainly in that a through hole 50 is provided in the sliding plate 9, which exposes the top surface of the first fastening screw 21, but other configurations are substantially the same as those of the air spring 1 according to the first embodiment. Below, the configurations that differ from the air spring 1 according to the first embodiment will be mainly described.

[0043] 4 is a partial cross-sectional schematic view showing the configuration of an air spring 1 according to a second embodiment. The area shown in FIG. 4 corresponds to the area shown in FIG.

[0044] As shown in FIG. 4 , a through hole 50 is provided in the sliding plate 9 of the air spring 1 according to the second embodiment. The through hole 50 exposes the top surface of the first fastening screw 21. The inner diameter D1 of the through hole 50 is smaller than the outer diameter D2 of the top surface of the first fastening screw 21. From another perspective, the center of the top surface of the first fastening screw 21 is exposed in the through hole 50. The outer periphery of the top surface of the first fastening screw 21 faces the first upper surface 9a of the sliding plate 9.

[0045] According to the air spring 1 according to the second embodiment, the sliding plate 9 is provided with a through hole 50 that exposes the top surface of the first fastening screw 21. The inner diameter D1 of the through hole 50 is smaller than the outer diameter D2 of the top surface. This allows the first fastening screw 21 to be retightened with the sliding plate 9 attached to the upper plate 31, even if the first fastening screw 21 becomes loose.

[0046] (Third embodiment) Next, the configuration of the air spring 1 according to the third embodiment will be described. The air spring 1 according to the third embodiment differs from the air spring 1 according to the first embodiment mainly in the shape of the pressing member 10, but other configurations are substantially the same as those of the air spring 1 according to the first embodiment. Below, the configurations that differ from the air spring 1 according to the first embodiment will be mainly described.

[0047] 5 is a partial cross-sectional schematic view showing the configuration of an air spring 1 according to a third embodiment. The region shown in FIG. 5 corresponds to the region shown in FIG.

[0048] As shown in FIG. 5 , the presser member 10 of the air spring 1 according to the third embodiment is formed by a first portion 11, a second portion 12, and a fifth portion 15. The fifth portion 15 is continuous with the second portion 12. The fifth portion 15 is located radially outward of the second portion 12. In the direction along the axis A, the fifth portion 15 is located lower than the first portion 11. The fifth portion 15 extends radially. The fifth portion 15 contacts the lower surface of the diaphragm 4. The fifth portion 15 may contact the lower surface of the upper plate 31.

[0049] The fifth portion 15 of the pressing member 10 covers the sealing portion between the outer peripheral side surface 34 of the upper plate 31 and the first opening end 4a of the diaphragm 4. In the direction parallel to the axis A, the height of the outer peripheral side surface 34 of the upper plate 31 and the height of the first opening end 4a of the diaphragm 4 may be substantially the same.

[0050] (Fourth embodiment) Next, the configuration of the air spring 1 according to the fourth embodiment will be described. The air spring 1 according to the fourth embodiment differs from the air spring 1 according to the first embodiment mainly in that the pressing member 10 is formed by a plurality of arc-shaped portions, but other configurations are substantially the same as those of the air spring 1 according to the first embodiment. Below, the configurations that differ from the air spring 1 according to the first embodiment will be mainly described.

[0051] 6 is a schematic plan view showing the configuration of the pressing member 10 of the air spring 1 according to the fourth embodiment. The area shown in FIG. 6 corresponds to the area shown in FIG.

[0052] The presser member 10 is formed by a plurality of arc-shaped portions. Each of the plurality of arc-shaped portions extends along a part of a circle centered on the axis A. Specifically, the plurality of arc-shaped portions includes, for example, a first arc-shaped portion 41 and a second arc-shaped portion 42. When viewed in a direction from the upper plate 31 toward the lower plate 20, the first arc-shaped portion 41 faces the second arc-shaped portion 42. When viewed in a direction from the upper plate 31 toward the lower plate 20, the axis A is located between the first arc-shaped portion 41 and the second arc-shaped portion 42.

[0053] As shown in Fig. 6, the central angle of the first arc-shaped portion 41 when viewed in a direction from the upper plate 31 toward the lower plate 20 is set to be a first central angle θ1. The first central angle θ1 is, for example, not less than 30° and not more than 120°. The first central angle θ1 may be not less than 40°, or may be not less than 50°. The first central angle θ1 may be not more than 110°, or may be not more than 100°.

[0054] When viewed in the direction from the upper plate 31 toward the lower plate 20, the central angle of the second arc-shaped portion 42 is set to a second central angle θ2. The second central angle θ2 is, for example, 30° or greater and 120° or less. The second central angle θ2 may be 40° or greater, or 50° or greater. The second central angle θ2 may be 110° or less, or 100° or less. The first central angle θ1 may be the same as the second central angle θ2, or may be different from the second central angle θ2.

[0055] 6, when viewed in the direction from the upper panel 31 toward the lower panel 20, the first arc-shaped portion 41 may be disposed forward of the axis A, and the second arc-shaped portion 42 may be disposed rearward of the axis A. Note that "forward" and "rearward" correspond to the forward and rearward in the direction of travel of the vehicle to which the air spring 1 is attached. In another embodiment, the first arc-shaped portion 41 may be disposed to the right of the axis A, and the second arc-shaped portion 42 may be disposed to the left of the axis A.

[0056] Although the above description has been given of a case where the number of arc-shaped portions is two, the number of arc-shaped portions is not limited to two. The number of arc-shaped portions may be, for example, three, four, or six. For example, the arc-shaped portions may be provided in front of, behind, to the right of, and to the left of the axis A.

[0057] According to the air spring 1 of the fourth embodiment, the presser member 10 includes a plurality of arc-shaped portions. If the presser member 10 is formed from a single ring-shaped member, when the first direction side of the presser member 10 is pressed down when the presser member 10 is attached to the upper surface plate 31, the second direction side of the presser member 10, which is opposite to the first direction, may lift up. By dividing the presser member 10 into a plurality of arc-shaped portions, it is possible to prevent parts of the presser member 10 from lifting up.

[0058] Furthermore, according to the air spring 1 according to the fourth embodiment, the multiple arc-shaped portions may include a first arc-shaped portion 41 and a second arc-shaped portion 42. When viewed in a direction from the upper surface plate 31 toward the lower surface plate 20, the first arc-shaped portion 41 may face the second arc-shaped portion 42. In this way, by arranging the first arc-shaped portion 41 and the second arc-shaped portion 42 in a direction in which the diaphragm 4 deforms significantly (for example, the direction of travel of the vehicle), it is possible to reduce the weight of the retainer member 10 while effectively suppressing degassing of the air spring 1.

[0059] The embodiments disclosed herein are to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, not by the above description, and is intended to include any meaning equivalent to the claims and any modifications within the scope thereof. [Explanation of symbols]

[0060] 1. Air spring 2 bead rings 2a 2nd inner peripheral end 2b Second outer peripheral end 3 Third fastening screw 4 diaphragm 4a 1st opening end 4b 2nd opening end 5. Laminated rubber 7 Sliding part 8 Connecting shaft 9 Sliding plate 9a 1st top surface 9b 1st bottom surface 10. Holding member 10a 1st inner peripheral end 10b First outer peripheral end 10c 2nd bottom surface 11 Part 1 12 Part 2 13 Part 3 14 Part 4 15 Part 5 20 Bottom plate 21 First fastening screw 22 Second fastening screw 30 outer cylinder 31 Top plate 32 Outer periphery 33 Outer tube rubber 34 Peripheral side 41 First arc-shaped portion 42 Second arc-shaped portion 50 through holes 51 Groove A axis D1 Inner diameter D2 outer diameter

Claims

1. A top plate; a lower surface plate facing the upper surface plate; a diaphragm that connects the upper plate and the lower plate and forms an internal space between the upper plate and the lower plate; a pressing member for covering a sealing portion between the upper surface plate and the open end of the diaphragm; a first fastening screw that fixes the pressing member to the upper surface plate; a sliding plate attached to the upper surface plate, The sliding plate covers the first fastening screw. An air spring.

2. The air spring of claim 1 , further comprising a second fastening screw that fastens the sliding plate to the upper plate.

3. The sliding plate is provided with a through hole through which a top surface of the first fastening screw is exposed, 3. The air spring according to claim 1, wherein an inner diameter of the through hole is smaller than an outer diameter of the top surface.

4. further comprising a bead ring embedded in the diaphragm; 3. The air spring according to claim 1, wherein an outer peripheral end of the pressing member is located radially outward of an inner peripheral end of the bead ring.

5. The pressing member includes a plurality of arc-shaped portions, 3. The air spring according to claim 1, wherein a central angle of each of the plurality of arcuate portions is equal to or greater than 30° and equal to or less than 120° when viewed in a direction from the upper surface plate toward the lower surface plate.

6. The plurality of arc-shaped portions include a first arc-shaped portion and a second arc-shaped portion, The air spring according to claim 5 , wherein the first arc-shaped portion faces the second arc-shaped portion when viewed in a direction from the upper surface plate toward the lower surface plate.

7. 3. The air spring according to claim 1, wherein the lower surface of the sliding plate is located closer to the lower plate than the lower surface of the pressing member in a direction from the upper plate toward the lower plate.

8. 3. The air spring according to claim 1, wherein the pressing member is made of any one of iron, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, ceramic, titanium, copper alloy, fiber reinforced plastic, and hard rubber.

9. 3. The air spring according to claim 1, wherein the pressing member is disposed at a position in contact with a lower surface of the diaphragm.

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