Communication apparatus and communication method

Abstract

To reduce the signaling overhead between an ambient Internet of Things (IoT) reader and a core network.SOLUTION: A communication apparatus includes a transmission unit that transmits a paging message to an ambient Internet of Things (IoT) device at least once, and a receiving unit that receives a message from the ambient IoT device multiple times, and the transmission unit transmits a list including the messages received multiple times to a core network.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 14

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a communication device and a communication method in a wireless communication system. [Background technology]

[0002] For NR (New Radio) (also known as "5G"), the successor system to LTE (Long Term Evolution), technologies that satisfy requirements such as a large-capacity system, high-speed data transmission speed, low latency, simultaneous connection of a large number of terminals, low cost, and low power consumption are being considered (for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

[0003] Furthermore, Release 18 of 3GPP (registered trademark) is considering Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) (for example, Non-Patent Document 2). Ambient IoT targets devices with extremely simple configurations for the lowest-end IoT applications that operate with extremely low power consumption. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0004] [Non-Patent Document 1] 3GPP TS 38.300 V18.0.0 (2023-12) [Non-patent document 2] "New SID: Study on solutions for Ambient IoT (Internet of Things) in NR", RP-234058, 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting #102, December 2023 [Non-patent document 3] 3GPP TR 38.848 V18.0.0 (2023-09) Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] It is assumed that an ambient IoT reader periodically sends paging messages to an ambient IoT device multiple times without receiving a paging instruction from a CN (Core Network). If the ambient IoT reader sequentially forwards the received paging messages to the CN, the signaling overhead between the CN and the ambient IoT reader increases.

[0006] The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and aims to reduce the signaling overhead between an ambient IoT (Internet of Things) reader and a core network. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] According to the disclosed technology, a communication device is provided that includes a receiver that receives from a base station a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message including settings for radio resources to be used for an interface between an ambient IoT (Internet of Things) reader and an ambient IoT device, and a controller that starts a timer and communicates with the ambient IoT device using the radio resources, and when the timer expires, the controller stops operating as an ambient IoT reader, cancels any ambient IoT procedure that is in progress, and releases the radio resources. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] The disclosed technology can reduce signaling overhead between an ambient Internet of Things (IoT) reader and a core network. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a wireless communication system. [Figure 2] 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3]FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example (1) of a topology according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example (2) of a topology according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example (1) of an architecture according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example (2) of an architecture according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a protocol stack according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] FIG. 2 is a sequence diagram illustrating an example (1) of a random access procedure according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a sequence diagram illustrating an example (2) of a random access procedure according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a sequence diagram illustrating an example (3) of a random access procedure according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 11] FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an example (1) of communication according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 12] FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining an example (2) of communication according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 13] FIG. 4 is a sequence diagram illustrating an example of communication according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 14] FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining an example (3) of communication according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 15] 1 is a flowchart illustrating an example (1) of an ambient IoT reader operation according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 16] 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example (2) of an ambient IoT reader operation according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 17] 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example (3) of an ambient IoT reader operation according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 18] 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a functional configuration of a base station 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 19] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a functional configuration of a terminal 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 20] 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware configuration of a base station 10 or a terminal 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 21] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a vehicle 2001 according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0010] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiment described below is an example, and the embodiment to which the present invention is applied is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0011] In the operation of the wireless communication system according to the embodiment of the present invention, existing technologies are used as appropriate. However, the existing technologies are, for example, but not limited to, the existing LTE. Furthermore, the term "LTE" used in this specification has a broad meaning including LTE-Advanced and systems subsequent to LTE-Advanced (e.g., NR) unless otherwise specified.

[0012] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present invention described below, terms used in existing LTE, such as SS (Synchronization signal), PSS (Primary SS), SSS (Secondary SS), PBCH (Physical broadcast channel), PRACH (Physical random access channel), PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel), PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel), and PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel), are used. This is for convenience of description, and similar signals, functions, etc. may be referred to by other names. Furthermore, the above-mentioned terms in NR correspond to NR-SS, NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, NR-PRACH, etc. However, even signals used in NR are not necessarily designated as "NR-".

[0013] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present invention, the duplex method may be a TDD (Time Division Duplex) method, an FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) method, or other methods (for example, Flexible Duplex, etc.).

[0014] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present invention, when radio parameters and the like are "configured," it may mean that predetermined values ​​are pre-configured, or that radio parameters notified from the base station 10 or the terminal 20 are set.

[0015] Fig. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration example (1) of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 1, the wireless communication system according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a base station 10 and a terminal 20. Although Fig. 1 shows one base station 10 and one terminal 20, this is an example, and there may be a plurality of each.

[0016] The base station 10 is a communication device that provides one or more cells and performs wireless communication with the terminal 20. The physical resources of a wireless signal are defined in the time domain and the frequency domain. The time domain may be defined by the number of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, and the frequency domain may be defined by the number of subcarriers or the number of resource blocks. The base station 10 transmits a synchronization signal and system information to the terminal 20. The synchronization signal is, for example, NR-PSS and NR-SSS. The system information is, for example, transmitted via NR-PBCH and is also referred to as broadcast information. The synchronization signal and system information may be referred to as SSB (SS / PBCH block). As shown in FIG. 1 , the base station 10 transmits control signals or data to the terminal 20 in the downlink (DL) and receives control signals or data from the terminal 20 in the uplink (UL). Both the base station 10 and the terminal 20 are capable of transmitting and receiving signals by performing beamforming. Furthermore, both the base station 10 and the terminal 20 are capable of applying MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) communication to the DL or UL. In addition, both the base station 10 and the terminal 20 may communicate via a secondary cell (SCell: Secondary Cell) and a primary cell (PCell: Primary Cell) using CA (Carrier Aggregation). Furthermore, the terminal 20 may communicate via a primary cell of the base station 10 and a primary secondary cell group cell (PSCell: Primary SCG Cell) of another base station 10 using DC (Dual Connectivity).

[0017] The terminal 20 is a communication device equipped with a wireless communication function, such as a smartphone, a mobile phone, a tablet, a wearable terminal, or an M2M (Machine-to-Machine) communication module. As shown in Fig. 1, the terminal 20 receives control signals or data from the base station 10 via DL and transmits control signals or data to the base station 10 via UL, thereby utilizing various communication services provided by the wireless communication system. The terminal 20 also receives various reference signals transmitted from the base station 10 and measures the propagation path quality based on the reception results of the reference signals.

[0018] Terminal 20 is capable of performing carrier aggregation, which aggregates multiple cells (multiple CCs (Component Carriers)) to communicate with base station 10. In carrier aggregation, one PCell (Primary cell) and one or more SCells (Secondary cells) are used. Also, a PUCCH-SCell having a PUCCH may be used.

[0019] In response to this, Ambient IoT (Ambient Internet of Things, AIoT) is being considered (for example, Non-Patent Document 2). Ambient IoT targets devices with extremely simple configurations for the lowest-end IoT applications that operate with extremely low power consumption.

[0020] For example, Ambient IoT can be considered for the following deployment scenarios and characteristics:

[0021] 1) Indoor or outdoor environment. 2) Base station characteristics, e.g., macro, micro or pico cell based deployments. 3) Connectivity topology, e.g., which nodes (base stations, UEs, relays, repeaters, etc.) communicate with ambient IoT devices? 4) TDD or FDD, and whether the frequency band is licensed or unlicensed. 5) Coexistence with UE and infrastructure in frequency bands for existing 3GPP technologies. 6) Traffic assumptions from and / or to the device.

[0022] Based on the above deployment scenarios and characteristics for relevant use cases, RAN design targets may include at least the following aspects:

[0023] 1) Power consumption 2) Complexity 3) Coverage 4) Data rate 5) Positioning accuracy

[0024] The feasibility of RAN design targets for use cases based on suitable deployment scenarios may be weighed and assumptions of required capabilities supported may be made clear.

[0025] For example, the following device categories may be considered for ambient IoT:

[0026] Device A has no power storage and is not capable of independent signal generation and amplification. Backscattering transmission is possible.

[0027] Device B has power storage and is not capable of independent signal generation. It is capable of backscatter transmission and amplifying the reflected signal using the stored power.

[0028] Device C has power storage and is capable of independently generating a signal, i.e., it has active RF components for transmission.

[0029] The complexity of device A may be assumed to be about the same as that of an RFID.

[0030] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 2, in step 1, an ambient IoT reader, which is a BS or a UE, sends an R2D message to an ambient IoT device (e.g., an RFID tag). The R2D message is a message from the reader to the device. In step 2, the ambient IoT device sends a D2R message to the ambient IoT reader. The D2R message is a message from the device to the reader. In step 3, the ambient IoT reader reports to the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) of the CN or the new node.

[0031] For ambient IoT devices, a compact protocol stack and reduced signaling procedures are being considered to enable Device-originating - Device-terminated triggered (DO-DTT) and Device-terminated (DT) data transmission, including paging, random access, data transmission including radio resource control aspects, and higher layer operations.

[0032] For example, the following network topology may be assumed for the ambient IoT (see Non-Patent Document 3).

[0033] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example topology (1) according to an embodiment of the present invention. Topology 1 shown in FIG. 3 is a configuration in which a BS and an ambient IoT device communicate with each other. The ambient IoT device communicates directly with the base station in a two-way manner. Furthermore, the BS is connected to an AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function) or a new node in a CN (Core Network). Hereinafter, a CN may refer to any node on the network.

[0034] Figure 4 is a diagram showing an example topology (2) according to an embodiment of the present invention. Topology 2 shown in Figure 4 is a configuration in which a BS and an ambient IoT device communicate via an intermediate node. The ambient IoT device performs bidirectional communication with the intermediate node located between the base station and the ambient IoT device. The intermediate node may be, for example, a relay, an IAB (Integrated Access and Backhaul) node, a UE, a repeater, etc. The intermediate node may receive DL data or signaling for an AIoT terminal from the BS and transmit the DL data or signaling to the AIoT terminal.

[0035] The intermediate node and the BS may be connected via a Uu interface. Uu is a wireless interface between a Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) and a User Equipment (UE). The intermediate node may transmit unmodulated waves to an AIoT terminal, receive UL data or signaling from the AIoT terminal, and transmit the UL data or signaling to the BS. The BS may also be connected to an AMF or a new node in the CN.

[0036] In addition, the base station, intermediate node, support node, or other node transmits an RF signal to the ambient IoT device. The ambient IoT device is activated and obtains power from an RF operating field from the base station, intermediate node, support node, or other node via inductive coupling. The ambient IoT device transmits information to the base station, intermediate node, support node, or other node by backscattering modulation of the RF signal received from the base station, intermediate node, support node, or other node by switching the reflection coefficient of its own antenna. For example, the ambient IoT device may transmit information using ON-OFF keying.

[0037] For RFID in the 860MHz-960MHz band, the reader of the RFID system corresponds to the base station, intermediate node, or support node of the ambient IoT system. The tag corresponds to the ambient IoT device. The RF signal from the reader to the tag is usually a sine wave of a predetermined frequency. ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying) modulation is used for DL ​​information from the reader to the tag. PIE (Pulse Interval Encoding) coding is also used for DL ​​information from the reader to the tag. ASK and / or PSK (Phase Shift Keying) modulation is used for UL backscattering. FM0 coding and Miller coding are also used for UL backscattering.

[0038] Additionally, the following device types may be defined:

[0039] Device 1) A device with a maximum power consumption of 1 μW or less, with energy storage and no DL or UL amplifiers. UL transmission is performed by backscattering an externally supplied carrier wave.

[0040] Device 2a) A device with a maximum power consumption of a few hundred μW or less, with power storage and DL and / or UL amplifiers. UL transmission is performed by backscattering an externally supplied carrier wave.

[0041] Device 2b) A device with a maximum power consumption of a few hundred μW or less, with power storage and with DL and / or UL amplifiers, where the UL transmission is generated internally within the device.

[0042] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example (1) of an architecture according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example (2) of an architecture according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 5 and 6 show examples of defining an architecture in which Topology 1 and Topology 2 are common. In FIGS. 5 and 6, a BS or an intermediate node (e.g., a UE) has an internal reader function node, and this node functions as a reader. In addition to this node, the BS and UE have an internal RAN function node. The RAN function node performs communication with a CN or a BS.

[0043] Figure 7 is a diagram for explaining a protocol stack according to an embodiment of the present invention. It has been agreed that the RRC, SDAP, PDCP, and RLC layers will not be supported in communication between an ambient IoT device and a network. Therefore, the following protocol stack is assumed, as shown in Figure 10.

[0044] NAS (Non-access stratum) / A-IoT NAS: A layer that transmits control information related to ambient IoT devices. It may be assumed to support end-to-end security protection. Note that "NAS / A-IoT NAS" may also mean "NAS or A-IoT NAS."

[0045] MAC / A-IoT MAC: Supports A-IoT random access procedures. May support other functions, such as BSR and SR-like functions. Note that "MAC / A-IoT MAC" may also mean "MAC or A-IoT MAC."

[0046] PHY / A-IoT PHY: Supports physical channels specific to the A-IoT system (PDRSH, PRDSH). May also support other required physical layer protocols. Note that "PHY / A-IoT PHY" may also mean "PHY or A-IoT PHY."

[0047] Here, the four-step A-IoT random access procedure may be specified as shown in 1)-5) below. Hereinafter, an A-IoT device will also be referred to as a device, and an A-IoT reader will also be referred to as a reader. Note that, hereinafter, the "four-step A-IoT random access procedure" may be interchangeable with the "three-step A-IoT random access procedure."

[0048] 1) Via A-IoT Msg1, the device sends its ID to the reader, which may be generated randomly or based on the device ID. 2) Via A-IoT Msg2, the reader may send back to the device the ID received in Msg1. Further information may be included in Msg2. 3) Via A-IoT Msg3, the device sends its device ID and / or other upper layer data to the reader. 4) The device may recognize that contention resolution is successful if Msg2 contains the same random ID as included in Msg1. The size of the random ID may be sufficient for contention resolution purposes. 5) Msg4 does not necessarily have to be sent. Msg4 may be used when Msg3 fails to be sent.

[0049] A two-step A-IoT random access procedure may be defined as shown in 1) and 2) below.

[0050] 1) Via A-IoT Msg1, the device sends its device ID and / or other upper layer data to the reader. 2) Via A-IoT Msg2, the reader may send back the information contained in Msg1.

[0051] Contention-free access may also be introduced into the A-IoT random access procedure.

[0052] Figure 8 is a sequence diagram for explaining an example (1) of a random access procedure according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 shows an example in which 3-step random access (RA) is applied to an A-IoT random access procedure. As shown in Figure 8, the A-IoT reader may be a BS or a UE, which is an intermediate node. When an intermediate node is used, communication between the intermediate node and the CN may be performed via the BS.

[0053] Step 1: The CN sends a new NG-AP message to the A-IoT reader. The NG-AP message may specify the target device ID or device group ID, whether location information is required, etc.

[0054] Step 2: The A-IoT reader sends an A-IoT paging message to the A-IoT device. The A-IoT paging message may include the target device ID or device group ID, whether location information is required, etc.

[0055] Step 3: The A-IoT device sends Msg1 for 3-step random access to the A-IoT reader. This Msg1 may include a random ID. The A-IoT device may randomly select any resource to send this Msg1. The resource may be, for example, a time slot or may be specified in the frequency domain.

[0056] Step 4: The A-IoT reader sends Msg2 for 3-step random access to the A-IoT device. Msg2 may include the random ID included in Msg1.

[0057] Step 5: The A-IoT device sends Msg3 for 3-step random access to the A-IoT reader, which may include the device ID or other information.

[0058] Step 6: The A-IoT reader sends Msg3 for 3-step random access to the CN, which may include the device ID or other information.

[0059] Step 6′: The A-IoT reader may send a message to the A-IoT device notifying it of the failure or success of the random access.

[0060] As shown in FIG. 8, steps 3 to 6 correspond to three-step random access.

[0061] Figure 9 is a sequence diagram for explaining an example (2) of a random access procedure according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9 shows an example in which 2-step contention based random access (CBRA) is applied to an A-IoT random access procedure. As shown in Figure 9, the A-IoT reader may be a BS or a UE, which is an intermediate node. When an intermediate node is used, communication between the intermediate node and the CN may be performed via the BS.

[0062] Step 1: The CN sends a new NG-AP message to the A-IoT reader. The NG-AP message may specify the target device ID or device group ID, whether location information is required, etc.

[0063] Step 2: The A-IoT reader sends an A-IoT paging message to the A-IoT device. The A-IoT paging message may include the target device ID or device group ID, whether location information is required, etc.

[0064] Step 3: The A-IoT device sends Msg1 for two-step contention-based random access to the A-IoT reader. This Msg1 may include the device ID or other information. The A-IoT device may randomly select any resource to send this Msg1. The resource may be, for example, a time slot or may be specified in the frequency domain.

[0065] Step 4: The A-IoT reader sends Msg1 for two-step contention-based random access to the CN, which may include the device ID or other information.

[0066] Step 4′: The A-IoT reader sends Msg2 for two-step contention-based random access to the A-IoT device. This Msg2 may be a reply to the content of the received Msg1.

[0067] As shown in FIG. 9, step 3 to step 4 correspond to two-step contention-based random access.

[0068] Figure 10 is a sequence diagram for explaining an example (3) of a random access procedure according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 10 shows an example in which 2-step contention free random access (CFRA) is applied to an A-IoT random access procedure. As shown in Figure 10, the A-IoT reader may be a BS or a UE, which is an intermediate node. When an intermediate node is used, communication between the intermediate node and the CN may be performed via the BS.

[0069] Step 1: The CN sends a new NG-AP message to the A-IoT reader. The NG-AP message may specify the target device ID or device group ID, whether location information is required, etc.

[0070] Step 2: The A-IoT reader sends an A-IoT paging message to the A-IoT device. The A-IoT paging message may include the target device ID or device group ID, whether location information is required, etc.

[0071] Step 3: The A-IoT device sends Msg1 for two-step contention-free random access to the A-IoT reader. This Msg1 may include the device ID or other information. The A-IoT device may send this Msg1 using a pre-configured resource. The resource may be, for example, a time slot or may be specified in the frequency domain.

[0072] Step 4: The A-IoT reader sends Msg1 for two-step contention-free random access to the CN, which may include the device ID or other information.

[0073] Step 4′: The A-IoT reader sends Msg2 for two-step contention-free random access to the A-IoT device. Msg2 may be a reply to the content of the received Msg1.

[0074] As shown in Fig. 10, steps 3 and 4 correspond to two-step contention-free random access. Note that two-step contention-free random access may also be called contention-free access.

[0075] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example (1) of communication according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 11, the ambient IoT reader may autonomously and periodically perform inventory, i.e., may autonomously and periodically send A-IoT paging messages, without sequentially receiving paging instructions from the CN. Note that inventory is a use case in which the ambient IoT reader receives minimum information, including device IDs, from ambient IoT devices present in its vicinity. The purpose is, for example, to roughly grasp the physical location of an object (e.g., cargo or product) to which an A-IoT device (such as an RFID tag) is attached.

[0076] In addition, the following operations specific to Topology 2 are being considered. For example, the following points are being considered:

[0077] Interface between intermediate nodes and BS The interface between the intermediate node and the A-IoT device reuses Topology 1. Intermediate nodes are authenticated by the network The radio resources used on the interface between the intermediate node and the A-IoT device are managed by the network. Both scenarios where intermediate nodes are in-coverage and scenarios where intermediate nodes are temporarily out of coverage are supported.

[0078] The radio resources used on the AIoT air interface (between intermediate nodes and devices) may be managed by the network. Both in-coverage scenarios (where intermediate nodes are connected to the BS) and temporary out-of-coverage scenarios (where intermediate nodes are temporarily disconnected from the BS) may be supported.

[0079] FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a communication example (2) according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 12, the BS may configure radio resources for use in the air interface between the UE, which is an intermediate node operating as an ambient IoT reader, and the ambient IoT device. The BS may transmit a resource pool configuration to the UE. The UE may perform ambient IoT reader operation using the configured resource pool.

[0080] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 12, even if the UE temporarily loses connection with the BS, it is assumed that the UE continues to operate as an ambient IoT reader using the configured resource pool.

[0081] Figure 13 is a sequence diagram illustrating an example of communication according to an embodiment of the present invention. In STEP 6 in Figure 13, the ambient IoT reader forwards the upper layer message received from the ambient IoT device to the CN. In addition, in the ambient IoT system, upper layer messages may be transmitted and received between the ambient IoT device and the CN after the A-IoT random access procedure is completed. In STEPX in Figure 13, the upper layer message received from the ambient IoT device is forwarded to the CN after the random access procedure.

[0082] However, it is assumed that there may be cases where the ambient IoT reader decides not to immediately transfer the data to the CN, such as STEP6 or STEPX, or where it is not possible to do so immediately.

[0083] 14 is a diagram for explaining a communication example (3) according to an embodiment of the present invention. When the ambient IoT reader performs an inventory autonomously and periodically without receiving paging instructions from the CN, it is assumed that the more paging messages the ambient IoT reader sends, the more Msg3 messages it will receive from the ambient IoT device.

[0084] As shown in Fig. 14, in order to reduce the signaling overhead between the CN and the ambient IoT reader, it is considered more efficient to transfer a certain number of Msg3s to the CN in bulk rather than transferring received Msg3s sequentially. In this case, an information element may be introduced to distinguish when the ambient IoT reader received each of the transferred Msg3s. However, since ambient IoT devices include terminals that cannot be time-synchronized, the information element may be generated by the ambient IoT reader and attached to the upper layer message it transfers, rather than being generated by the ambient IoT device and included in the upper layer message.

[0085] In the case of Topology 2, even if the UE temporarily loses connectivity, it can continue to function as an AIoT leader using the configured resources. Therefore, even if the UE as an intermediate node temporarily loses connectivity, the UE as an intermediate node (i.e., the A-IoT leader) can still receive upper layer messages from the ambient IoT device.

[0086] However, since the UE, which is an intermediate node, has lost connection with the BS at this point, it must wait for completion of reconnection (for example, RRC reestablishment or beam failure recovery) before transferring higher layer messages.

[0087] After the reconnection is complete, the UE, which is an intermediate node, reports the upper layer messages it has received from the ambient IoT device to the BS via an RRC message (or reports them to the CN via an NAS message), and may add an information element indicating "when" the message was received during the period when the connection was lost.

[0088] FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating an example (1) of an ambient IoT reader operation according to an embodiment of the present invention. In step S101, the BS receives an upper layer message from an ambient IoT device multiple times. In step S102, the BS functioning as the ambient IoT reader transmits a list including multiple bit strings that are the received upper layer messages to the CN via an NGAP (Next Generation Application Protocol) message. The BS functioning as the ambient IoT reader may include information indicating the time at which the upper layer message was received from the ambient IoT device in the NGAP message. Furthermore, the BS may include information indicating the time at which the BS received the upper layer message corresponding to each entry in the list including multiple bit strings that are the upper layer message.

[0089] FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating an example (2) of an ambient IoT reader operation according to an embodiment of the present invention. In step S201, the UE receives an upper layer message from an ambient IoT device multiple times. In step S202, the UE functioning as an ambient IoT reader transmits a list including multiple bit strings that are the received upper layer messages to the CN via an NAS message. The UE functioning as an ambient IoT reader may include information indicating the time at which the upper layer message was received from the ambient IoT device in the NAS message. Furthermore, the UE may include information indicating the time at which the BS received the upper layer message corresponding to each entry in the list including multiple bit strings that are the upper layer message.

[0090] FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating an example (3) of an ambient IoT reader operation according to an embodiment of the present invention. In step S301, the UE receives an upper layer message from an ambient IoT device multiple times. In step S302, the UE functioning as an ambient IoT reader transmits a list including multiple bit strings that are the received upper layer messages to the BS via an RRC message. The UE functioning as an ambient IoT reader may include information indicating the time at which the upper layer message was received from the ambient IoT device in the RRC message. The UE may also include information indicating the time at which the BS received the upper layer message corresponding to each entry in the list including multiple bit strings that are the upper layer messages.

[0091] As described above, the signaling overhead when an ambient IoT reader forwards multiple upper layer messages to the core network can be reduced. Also, even if an ambient IoT reader does not immediately forward an upper layer message received from an ambient IoT device, the core network or the ambient IoT application layer can take into account the timing of receiving the message.

[0092] In other words, it is possible to reduce the signaling overhead between the ambient Internet of Things (IoT) reader and the core network.

[0093] (Device configuration) Next, a description will be given of an example of the functional configuration of the base station 10 and the terminal 20 that execute the processes and operations described above. The base station 10 and the terminal 20 include functions for implementing the above-described embodiments. However, the base station 10 and the terminal 20 may each include only a part of the functions of the embodiments.

[0094] <Base station 10> Fig. 18 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of base station 10 in the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 18, base station 10 has a transmitting unit 110, a receiving unit 120, a setting unit 130, and a control unit 140. The functional configuration shown in Fig. 18 is merely an example. The functional divisions and names of the functional units may be any names as long as they can perform the operations related to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0095] The transmitter 110 includes a function of generating a signal to be transmitted to the terminal 20 side and transmitting the signal wirelessly. The transmitter 110 also transmits inter-network node messages to other network nodes. The receiver 120 includes a function of receiving various signals transmitted from the terminal 20 and acquiring, for example, information of higher layers from the received signals. The transmitter 110 also has a function of transmitting NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, DL / UL control signals, etc. to the terminal 20. The receiver 120 also receives inter-network node messages from other network nodes.

[0096] The setting unit 130 stores preset setting information and various setting information to be transmitted to the terminal 20. The content of the setting information is, for example, information related to communication with the ambient IoT device.

[0097] The control unit 140 performs control to realize the functions described in the embodiments. Furthermore, as described in the embodiments, the control unit 140 performs control related to communication with the ambient IoT device. The function unit related to signal transmission in the control unit 140 may be included in the transmitting unit 110, and the function unit related to signal reception in the control unit 140 may be included in the receiving unit 120.

[0098] <Terminal 20> Fig. 19 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of terminal 20 in the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 19, terminal 20 has transmitting unit 210, receiving unit 220, setting unit 230, and control unit 240. The functional configuration shown in Fig. 19 is merely an example. The names of the functional divisions and functional units may be any as long as they can execute the operations related to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0099] The transmitter 210 creates a transmission signal from transmission data and transmits the transmission signal wirelessly. The receiver 220 receives various signals wirelessly and acquires higher layer signals from the received physical layer signals. The receiver 220 also has a function of receiving NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, DL / UL / SL control signals, and the like transmitted from the base station 10. For example, the transmitter 210 transmits a PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel), a PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel), a PSDCH (Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel), a PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel), and the like to another terminal 20 as D2D communication, and the receiver 220 receives the PSCCH, PSSCH, PSDCH, or PSBCH, and the like, from the other terminal 20.

[0100] The setting unit 230 stores various setting information received from the base station 10 by the receiving unit 220. The setting unit 230 also stores pre-set setting information. The setting information includes, for example, information related to communication with the ambient IoT device.

[0101] The control unit 240 performs control to realize the functions described in the embodiments. Furthermore, as described in the embodiments, the control unit 240 performs control related to communication with the ambient IoT device. The function unit related to signal transmission in the control unit 240 may be included in the transmitting unit 210, and the function unit related to signal reception in the control unit 240 may be included in the receiving unit 220.

[0102] (Hardware configuration) The block diagrams (FIGS. 18 and 19) used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are connected directly or indirectly (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may be realized by combining the single device or the multiple devices with software.

[0103] Functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, regard, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission is called a transmitting unit or transmitter. As mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on how these functions are implemented.

[0104] For example, the base station 10, the terminal 20, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the terminal 20 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The base station 10 and the terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a storage device 1002, an auxiliary storage device 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0105] In the following description, the term "apparatus" can be read as a circuit, a device, a unit, etc. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the apparatuses shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the apparatuses.

[0106] Each function in the base station 10 and the terminal 20 is realized by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001, the memory device 1002, etc., so that the processor 1001 performs calculations, controls communication by the communication device 1004, and controls at least one of reading and writing data in the memory device 1002 and the auxiliary memory device 1003.

[0107] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer by running, for example, an operating system. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, the above-mentioned control unit 140, control unit 240, etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0108] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the auxiliary storage device 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the storage device 1002, and executes various processes in accordance with the programs. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 140 of the base station 10 shown in FIG. 18 may be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and executed by the processor 1001. Furthermore, for example, the control unit 240 of the terminal 20 shown in FIG. 19 may be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and executed by the processor 1001. While the above-described various processes have been described as being executed by one processor 1001, they may also be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The programs may be transmitted from a network via a telecommunications line.

[0109] The storage device 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured, for example, by at least one of a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), etc. The storage device 1002 may also be called a register, a cache, a main memory, etc. The storage device 1002 can store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0110] The secondary storage device 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be, for example, at least one of an optical disk such as a CD-ROM (Compact Disc ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a Blu-ray disc), a smart card, a flash memory (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a floppy disk, a magnetic strip, etc. The above-mentioned storage medium may be, for example, a database, a server, or other suitable medium including at least one of the storage device 1002 and the secondary storage device 1003.

[0111] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, a transmission / reception antenna, an amplifier unit, a transmission / reception unit, a transmission path interface, etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit may be implemented as a transmission unit and a reception unit that are physically or logically separated.

[0112] The input device 1005 is an input device (for example, a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that receives input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (for example, a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (for example, a touch panel).

[0113] Furthermore, each device such as the processor 1001 and the storage device 1002 is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0114] Furthermore, base station 10 and terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized by the hardware. For example, processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0115] Fig. 21 shows an example configuration of a vehicle 2001. As shown in Fig. 21, the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021 to 2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013. Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be applied to a communication device mounted on the vehicle 2001, and may be applied to the communication module 2013, for example.

[0116] The drive unit 2002 is configured, for example, by an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle), and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0117] The electronic control unit 2010 is composed of a microprocessor 2031, a memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (IO port) 2033. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 2010 from various sensors 2021 to 2029 provided in the vehicle 2001. The electronic control unit 2010 may also be called an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0118] The signals from the various sensors 2021 to 2029 include a current signal from a current sensor 2021 that senses the current of the motor, a front or rear wheel rotation speed signal obtained by a rotation speed sensor 2022, a front or rear wheel air pressure signal obtained by an air pressure sensor 2023, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 2024, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 2025, an accelerator pedal depression amount signal obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 2029, a brake pedal depression amount signal obtained by a brake pedal sensor 2026, a shift lever operation signal obtained by a shift lever sensor 2027, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 2028.

[0119] The information service unit 2012 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various types of information, such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 2012 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 2013 or the like to provide various types of multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 may include input devices (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, a touch panel, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, a touch panel, etc.) that output information to the outside.

[0120] The driving assistance system unit 2030 is composed of various devices that provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driver's driving burden, such as a millimeter-wave radar, a LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), a camera, a positioning locator (e.g., GNSS, etc.), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) map, autonomous vehicle (AV) map, etc.), a gyro system (e.g., an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), an INS (Inertial Navigation System), etc.), an AI (Artificial Intelligence) chip, and an AI processor, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 2030 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize the driving assistance function or the autonomous driving function.

[0121] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and components of the vehicle 2001 via the communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 transmits and receives data via the communication port 2033 to and from the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in the electronic control unit 2010, and sensors 2021 to 29, which are provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0122] The communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. The external device may be, for example, a base station, a mobile station, or the like.

[0123] The communication module 2013 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 2021-2028 input to the electronic control unit 2010, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 2012 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021-2028, the information service unit 2012, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0124] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from external devices and displays it on an information service unit 2012 provided in the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 may be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 2013). The communication module 2013 also stores the various information received from external devices in a memory 2032 that can be used by the microprocessor 2031. Based on the information stored in the memory 2032, the microprocessor 2031 may control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axles 2009, sensors 2021 to 2029, etc. provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0125] (Summary of the embodiment) As described above, according to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a communication device having a transmitter that transmits a paging message to an ambient IoT (Internet of Things) device at least once, and a receiver that receives messages from the ambient IoT device multiple times, and the transmitter transmits a list including the messages received multiple times to a core network.

[0126] The above configuration reduces the signaling overhead when an ambient IoT reader forwards multiple upper layer messages to a core network. Even if an ambient IoT reader does not immediately forward an upper layer message received from an ambient IoT device, the core network or the ambient IoT application layer can take into account the timing of receiving the message. This reduces the signaling overhead between an ambient IoT (Internet of Things) reader and a core network.

[0127] The transmitter may include the list in a Next Generation Application Protocol (NGAP) message and transmit it to the core network. This configuration reduces signaling overhead when the ambient IoT reader forwards multiple upper layer messages to the core network. Furthermore, even if the ambient IoT reader does not immediately forward an upper layer message received from an ambient IoT device, the core network or the ambient IoT application layer can take into account the timing of receiving the message.

[0128] The transmitter may include the list in a non-access stratum (NAS) message and transmit it to the core network. This configuration reduces signaling overhead when the ambient IoT reader forwards multiple upper layer messages to the core network. Even if the ambient IoT reader does not immediately forward an upper layer message received from an ambient IoT device, the core network or the ambient IoT application layer can take into account the timing of receiving the message.

[0129] The transmitter may transmit the message received while the connection to the core network was unavailable to the core network after re-establishing the connection with the core network. This configuration reduces the signaling overhead when the ambient IoT reader forwards multiple upper layer messages to the core network. Furthermore, even if the ambient IoT reader does not immediately forward the upper layer message received from the ambient IoT device, the core network or the ambient IoT application layer can take into account the timing of receiving the message.

[0130] The transmitter may include in the list the time when each message included in the list was received. This configuration reduces the signaling overhead when the ambient IoT reader forwards multiple upper layer messages to the core network. Furthermore, even if the ambient IoT reader does not immediately forward an upper layer message received from an ambient IoT device, the core network or the ambient IoT application layer can take into account the timing of receiving the message.

[0131] Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a communication method in which a communication device performs the steps of sending a paging message to an ambient IoT (Internet of Things) device at least once, receiving a message from the ambient IoT device multiple times, and transmitting a list including the messages received multiple times to a core network.

[0132] The above configuration reduces the signaling overhead when an ambient IoT reader forwards multiple upper layer messages to a core network. Even if an ambient IoT reader does not immediately forward an upper layer message received from an ambient IoT device, the core network or the ambient IoT application layer can take into account the timing of receiving the message. This reduces the signaling overhead between an ambient IoT (Internet of Things) reader and a core network.

[0133] (Supplementary explanation of the embodiment) Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the disclosed invention is not limited to such embodiments, and those skilled in the art will understand various modifications, alterations, alternatives, and substitutions. While specific numerical examples have been used to facilitate understanding of the invention, unless otherwise specified, these numerical values ​​are merely examples, and any appropriate values ​​may be used. The division of items in the above description is not essential to the present invention; two or more items may be combined as needed, and items described in one item may apply to items described in another item (unless inconsistent). The boundaries between functional units or processing units in the functional block diagram do not necessarily correspond to the boundaries between physical components. The operations of multiple functional units may be performed by a single physical component, or the operations of a single functional unit may be performed by multiple physical components. The order of the processing steps described in the embodiments may be reversed as long as there is no contradiction. For convenience of processing description, the base station 10 and terminal 20 have been described using functional block diagrams. However, such devices may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination thereof. The software operated by the processor of the base station 10 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention and the software operated by the processor of the terminal 20 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention may each be stored in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), EPROM, EEPROM, registers, hard disk (HDD), removable disk, CD-ROM, database, server or any other suitable storage medium.

[0134] Furthermore, the notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), other signals, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, and may be, for example, an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, or the like.

[0135] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be any of the following: LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4G (4th generation mobile communication system), 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG) (xG (x is, for example, an integer or decimal number)), FRA (Future Radio Access), NR (new Radio), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE The present invention may be applied to at least one of systems using 802.20, UWB (Ultra-Wideband), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other appropriate systems, and next-generation systems that are extended, modified, created, or defined based on these systems. The present invention may also be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of at least one of LTE and LTE-A with 5G).

[0136] The order of the procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described herein may be changed unless it is consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0137] In this specification, a specific operation that is described as being performed by the base station 10 may also be performed by its upper node in some cases. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having the base station 10, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with the terminal 20 may be performed by at least one of the base station 10 and another network node other than the base station 10 (such as, but not limited to, an MME or an S-GW). Although the above example illustrates a case where there is one other network node other than the base station 10, the other network node may be a combination of multiple other network nodes (such as an MME and an S-GW).

[0138] The information or signals described in the present disclosure may be output from a higher layer (or a lower layer) to a lower layer (or a higher layer), or may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0139] Input and output information may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information may be overwritten, updated, or added to. Output information may be deleted. Input information may be sent to another device.

[0140] In the present disclosure, the determination may be made based on a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), a Boolean value (true or false), or a numerical comparison (e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0141] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0142] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), then these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0143] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0144] Note that terms explained in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of a channel and a symbol may be a signal (signaling). Furthermore, a signal may be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, a cell, a frequency carrier, etc.

[0145] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" are used interchangeably.

[0146] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by an index.

[0147] The names used for the above-described parameters are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0148] In the present disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "base station device," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNodeB (eNB)," "gNodeB (gNB)," "access point," "transmission point," "reception point," "transmission / reception point," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0149] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication service by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (RRH: Remote Radio Head)). The term "cell" or "sector" refers to a part or the entire coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication service within this coverage.

[0150] In the present disclosure, the base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control or operate based on the information.

[0151] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0152] A mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0153] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be referred to as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a mobile object, the mobile object itself, etc. The mobile object refers to a movable object, and may move at any speed. Naturally, this also includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of the mobile object include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones (registered trademark), multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile object may also be an autonomous mobile object operating based on an operational command. It may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0154] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between a plurality of terminals 20 (which may be called, for example, D2D (Device-to-Device) or V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything)). In this case, the terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "side"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a side channel.

[0155] Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be read as a base station, in which case the base station may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal described above.

[0156] As used in this disclosure, the terms "determining" and "determining" may encompass a wide variety of actions. "Determining" and "determining" may include, for example, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, inquiring (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining, and the like. "Determining" and "determining" may also include receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), and the like. Furthermore, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. as having been "judged" or "decided." In other words, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding some action as having been "judged" or "decided." Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can be interpreted as "assuming," "expecting," "considering," etc.

[0157] The terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access." As used in this disclosure, two elements may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, and / or printed electrical connections, as well as electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, and optical (both visible and invisible) range, as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0158] The reference signal may be abbreviated as RS (Reference Signal) or may be called a pilot depending on the applicable standard.

[0159] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0160] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0161] The "means" in the configuration of each of the above devices may be replaced with "part," "circuit," "device," etc.

[0162] When used in this disclosure, the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when used in this disclosure, the term "or" is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0163] A radio frame may be composed of one or more frames in the time domain. Each of the one or more frames in the time domain may be called a subframe. A subframe may further be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0164] Numerology may be communication parameters that apply to at least one of transmission and reception of a signal or channel, such as subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering operations performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing operations performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0165] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol) in the time domain. A slot may be a time unit based on numerology.

[0166] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0167] The radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals, and may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol.

[0168] For example, one subframe may be called a transmission time interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be called a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0169] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate wireless resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each terminal 20) to each terminal 20 in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0170] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0171] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0172] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in LTE Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0173] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and equal to or greater than 1 ms.

[0174] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may also be determined based on numerology.

[0175] The time domain of an RB may include one or more symbols and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc. may each be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0176] Note that one or more RBs may also be called a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, or the like.

[0177] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0178] A Bandwidth Part (BWP) (which may also be referred to as a fractional bandwidth) may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a common reference point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a given BWP and numbered within that BWP.

[0179] The BWP may include a BWP for UL (UL BWP) and a BWP for DL ​​(DL BWP). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0180] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0181] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. may be changed in various ways.

[0182] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0183] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0184] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, notification of predetermined information (e.g., notification that "X is true") is not limited to being done explicitly, but may be done implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the predetermined information).

[0185] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the description of the present disclosure is intended to be illustrative and does not have any limiting meaning on the present disclosure. [Explanation of symbols]

[0186] 10 base station 110 Transmitter 120 Receiver 130 Setting section 140 Control Unit 20 terminals 210 Transmitter 220 Receiving unit 230 Setting Section 240 Control Unit 30 Core Network 1001 processor 1002 Storage device 1003 Auxiliary storage device 1004 Communication equipment 1005 Input Device 1006 Output Device 2001 Vehicle 2002 Drive unit 2003 Steering Section 2004 accelerator pedal 2005 brake pedal 2006 Shift Lever 2007 front wheel 2008 rear wheel 2009 Axle 2010 Electronic Control Unit 2012 Information Services Department 2013 Communication Module 2021 Current Sensor 2022 RPM Sensor 2023 Air Pressure Sensor 2024 Vehicle speed sensor 2025 Acceleration Sensor 2026 Brake pedal sensor 2027 Shift lever sensor 2028 Object Detection Sensor 2029 Accelerator pedal sensor 2030 Driving Assistance Systems Department 2031 microprocessor 2032 memory (ROM, RAM) 2033 Communication port (IO port)

Claims

1. a transmitter for transmitting a page to an ambient Internet of Things (IoT) device at least once; a receiving unit configured to receive a message from the ambient IoT device multiple times; The transmitting unit transmits a list including the message received multiple times to a core network.

2. The communication device according to claim 1 , wherein the transmitting unit includes the list in a Next Generation Application Protocol (NGAP) message and transmits the message to the core network.

3. The communication device according to claim 1 , wherein the transmitter includes the list in a non-access stratum (NAS) message and transmits the list to the core network.

4. The communication device according to claim 1 , wherein the transmitting unit transmits the message received while the connection to the core network was unavailable to the core network after re-establishing the connection to the core network.

5. The communication device according to claim 1 , wherein the sending unit includes in the list a time when each message included in the list was received.

6. sending a page at least once to an ambient Internet of Things (IoT) device; receiving a message from the ambient IoT device multiple times; and transmitting a list including the message received multiple times to a core network.

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