Terminal, radio communication method, and base station

Abstract

To improve the accuracy of positioning.SOLUTION: A terminal according to an aspect of the present disclosure has a control section that controls generation of a label in data collection for terminal positioning; and a transmission section that transmits the label. A measurement result for the terminal positioning and the valid label are paired to each other.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system. [Background technology]

[0002] In Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) networks, Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been specified with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). Also, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) has been specified with the aim of achieving higher capacity and more advanced features than LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (e.g., 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 or later) are also being considered. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0004] [Non-Patent Document 1] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] In wireless communication systems, terminal positioning using artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) technology is being considered.

[0006] However, there may be cases where regulations for positioning using AI technology (also known as AI-based positioning) have not been sufficiently considered. If these are not clear, the AI-based positioning procedures may not be executed properly, which may affect positioning accuracy and, as a result, communication throughput / quality.

[0007] Therefore, one object of the present disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can improve the accuracy of positioning. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure has a control unit that controls the generation of labels in data collection for terminal positioning, and a transmission unit that transmits the labels, and the measurement results for the terminal positioning and the valid labels are paired. [Effects of the Invention]

[0009] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, the accuracy of positioning can be improved. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of processing using an AI model. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of an AI model (AI / ML model). [Figure 3] 3A to 3C are diagrams showing variations of positioning using DL signals. [Figure 4]4A and 4B are diagrams showing variations of positioning using UL signals. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of sample-based measurement of positioning. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of measurement / label generation in positioning. [Figure 7] 7A to 7C are diagrams showing an example of criteria for determining the effectiveness of the labels of the present disclosure. [Figure 8] 8A to 8E are diagrams showing examples of times when the labels of the present disclosure are valid. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of determining the validity of a label when a UE moves according to the present disclosure. [Figure 10] 10A and 10B are diagrams showing examples of information elements that may be included in the higher layer parameters (LPP / NRPPa) of the present disclosure. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment. [Figure 14] FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. [Figure 15] FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0011] (AI model) Regarding future wireless communication technologies, the use of AI technologies such as machine learning (ML) for network / device control and management is being considered.

[0012] For example, for future wireless communication technologies, the use of AI techniques is being considered to improve channel state information (CSI) feedback (e.g., reducing overhead, improving accuracy, prediction), improve beam management (e.g., improving accuracy, prediction in the time / space domain), and improve positioning (e.g., improving position estimation / prediction).

[0013] In this disclosure, AI model information used in AI technology may refer to information including at least one of the following: - Information on the input / output of the AI ​​model, Pre-processing / post-processing information for input / output of AI models, - Information on AI model parameters, Training information for the AI ​​model (training information), · Inference information for AI models, Performance information about AI models.

[0014] In the present disclosure, the terms AI model and AI / ML model may be used interchangeably.

[0015] Here, the input / output information of the AI ​​model may include information about at least one of the following: Input / output data content (e.g., RSRP, SINR, amplitude / phase information in the channel matrix (or precoding matrix), information on the angle of arrival (AoA), information on the angle of departure (AoD), location information), Input / output data types (e.g., immutable values, floating-point numbers), Quantization interval (quantization step size) of input / output data (e.g., 1 dBm for L1-RSRP), The range that the input / output data can take (e.g., [0, 1]).

[0016] In the present disclosure, the information on AoA may include information on at least one of an azimuth angle of arrival and a zenith angle of arrival (ZoA). Also, the information on AoD may include information on at least one of an azimuth angle of departure and a zenith angle of departure (ZoD).

[0017] In the present disclosure, location information may be location information related to a UE / NW. The location information may include at least one of information (e.g., latitude, longitude, altitude) obtained using a positioning system (e.g., a satellite positioning system (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Global Positioning System (GPS)), etc.), information on a base station adjacent to (or serving) the UE (e.g., a base station / cell identifier (ID), a BS-UE distance, a direction / angle of the BS (UE) as seen from the UE (BS), coordinates of the BS (UE) as seen from the UE (BS) (e.g., coordinates on the X, Y, and Z axes), etc.), a specific address of the UE (e.g., an Internet Protocol (IP) address), etc. The location information of the UE is not limited to information based on the position of the BS, but may also be information based on a specific point.

[0018] The location information may include information about its implementation (e.g., location / position / orientation of antennas, location / orientation of antenna panels, number of antennas, number of antenna panels, etc.).

[0019] The location information may include mobility information, which may include information indicating at least one of information indicating a mobility type, a moving speed of the UE, an acceleration of the UE, and a moving direction of the UE.

[0020] Here, the mobility type may correspond to at least one of a fixed location UE, a movable / moving UE, a no mobility UE, a low mobility UE, a middle mobility UE, a high mobility UE, a cell-edge UE, a not-cell-edge UE, etc.

[0021] The pre-processing / post-processing information for the input / output of the AI ​​model may include information about at least one of the following: Whether to apply normalization (e.g., Z-score normalization, min-max normalization), Parameters for normalization (e.g., mean / variance for Z-score normalization, min / max for min-max normalization), Whether to apply a specific numeric conversion method (e.g., one hot encoding, label encoding, etc.), - Selection rules for whether or not to use as training data.

[0022] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of processing using an AI model. For example, Z-score normalization (x) is performed as preprocessing on input information x (original input values). new = (x-μ) / σ, where μ is the mean of x and σ is the standard deviation) of the normalized input information x new (Normalized input values) may be input to the AI ​​model, and the output from the AI ​​model is y out The (Output values) may be post-processed to obtain the final output y (post-processed output values).

[0023] The information about the parameters of the AI ​​model may include information about at least one of the following: Weight information in AI models (e.g., neuron coefficients (connection coefficients)), · AI model structure, -Types of AI models as model components (e.g., Residual Network (ResNet), DenseNet, RefineNet, Transformer model, CRBlock, Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU)), · Functions of an AI model as model components (e.g., decoder, encoder).

[0024] The weight information in the AI ​​model may include information about at least one of the following: · Bit width (size) of weight information, Quantization interval of weight information, - The range of weight information possible Weight parameters in AI models, - Information on the differences from the AI ​​model before the update (if updating), Weight initialization method (e.g., zero initialization, random initialization (based on normal / uniform / truncated normal distribution), Xavier initialization (for sigmoid function), He initialization (for Rectified Linear Units (ReLU))).

[0025] The structure of the AI ​​model may also include information about at least one of the following: Number of layers, Layer type (e.g., convolutional layer, activation layer, dense layer, normalization layer, pooling layer, attention layer), Layer information, time series specific parameters (e.g., bidirectionality, time step), Parameters for training (e.g., type of feature (L2 regularization, dropout feature, etc.), where (e.g., after which layer) to put this feature).

[0026] The layer information may include information regarding at least one of the following: The number of neurons in each layer kernel size, stride for pooling / convolutional layers, Pooling method (MaxPooling, AveragePooling, etc.), - information on residual blocks, Number of heads, Normalization methods (batch normalization, instance normalization, layer normalization, etc.), Activation functions (Sigmoid, tanh function, ReLU, leaky ReLU information, Maxout, Softmax).

[0027] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of an AI model (AI / ML model). This example shows an AI model including a ResNet as model component #1, a Transformer model as model component #2, a dense layer, and a normalization layer. In this way, one AI model may be included as a component of another AI model. Note that FIG. 2 may also show an AI model in which processing proceeds from left to right.

[0028] The training information for the AI ​​model may include information about at least one of the following: Information for the optimization algorithm (e.g., type of optimization (Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD)), AdaGrad, Adam, etc.), optimization parameters (learning rate, momentum information, etc.), Loss function information (e.g., information about loss function metrics (Mean Absolute Error (MAE)), Mean Square Error (MSE), Cross Entropy Loss, NLL Loss, KL Divergence, etc.)), Parameters to be frozen for training (e.g., layers, weights), Parameters to be updated (e.g. layers, weights), Parameters (e.g., layers, weights) that should be (be used as) initial parameters for training, How to train / update the AI ​​model (e.g., recommended number of epochs, batch size, number of data used for training).

[0029] The inference information for the AI ​​model may include information regarding decision tree branch pruning, parameter quantization, etc.

[0030] The performance information about the AI ​​model may include information about the expected value of a loss function defined for the AI ​​model.

[0031] AI model information regarding a specific AI model may be predetermined in a standard or may be notified to a UE from a network (NW). An AI model defined in a standard may be called a reference AI model. AI model information regarding a reference AI model may be called reference AI model information.

[0032] Note that the AI ​​model information in the present disclosure may include an index for identifying the AI ​​model (for example, may be referred to as an AI model index). The AI ​​model information in the present disclosure may include an AI model index in addition to or instead of the input / output information of the AI ​​model described above. The association between the AI ​​model index and the AI ​​model information (for example, input / output information of the AI ​​model) may be predetermined in a standard or may be notified to the UE from the NW.

[0033] (UE positioning) Fingerprinting localization, which estimates the location of wireless devices by utilizing the propagation characteristics of wireless signals, is widely used in both Line of Sight (LOS) and Non-Line of Sight (NLOS) scenarios.

[0034] In this disclosure, LOS may mean that the UE and the base station are in an environment where they can see each other (or there are no obstructions), and NLOS may mean that the UE and the base station are not in an environment where they can see each other (or there are obstructions).

[0035] Fingerprinting location estimates the UE's location based on a database / AI model from the fingerprints of the UE's multiple transmission paths (multipath).

[0036] The multipath information may be, for example, information relating to the Angle of Arrival (AoA) / Angle of Departure (AoD) of the signal for optimal / candidate transmission paths.

[0037] In the present disclosure, the information on AoA may include, for example, information on at least one of azimuth angles of arrival and zenith angles of arrival, and the information on AoD may include, for example, information on at least one of azimuth angles of departure and zenith angles of departure.

[0038] 3GPP Rel.16 NR supports the following positioning technologies: DL / UL Time Difference Of Arrival (TDOA) based positioning, Positioning based on angles (DL AoD / UL AoA), Multi-Round Trip Time (RTT) based positioning, Enhanced Cell ID (E-CID) based positioning.

[0039] In positioning based on DL / UL TDOA, for example, assume that multiple base stations (TRP#0-#2) are located around the UE. In this positioning method, the location of the UE is estimated (measured) using a measurement value of the Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD). For example, the RSTD (Time Difference Between RSTDs) for two specific base stations (TRP#i, #j (i and j are integers)) is i -T j ) for some value (k i,j ) to draw the hyperbola H i,j The intersection of multiple such hyperbolas (H in this example) 0,1、 H 1,2、 H 2,0 The location of the UE may be estimated by using the RSRP of the reference signal.

[0040] In a DL AoD / UL AoA based positioning method, the UE location is estimated using DL AoD measurements (e.g., θ or φ) or UL AoA measurements (e.g., θ or φ). The UE location may also be estimated using RSRP.

[0041] In a multi-RTT-based positioning method, the location of a UE is estimated using multiple RTTs calculated from the Tx / Rx time difference of reference signals (and additionally RSRP, RSRQ, etc.). For example, geometric circles based on the RTTs can be drawn with each base station at its center. The intersection of these multiple circles may be estimated as the location of the UE.

[0042] E-CID based positioning / In this positioning method, the UE's location is estimated based on the geometric location of the serving cell / neighbor cells and additional measurements (Tx-Rx time difference, RSRP, RSRQ, etc.).

[0043] The positioning in the DL (DL TDOA, DL AoD) described above may be performed by the UE side or the LMF side. For example, in UE-based positioning, the UE may calculate the UE position based on various measurement results of the UE and assistance information from the LMF. In addition, in UE-assisted positioning, the UE may report various measurement results to the LMF, and the LMF may calculate the UE position. The assistance information may be information for assisting in estimating the UE's position.

[0044] The above-mentioned positioning in UL (UL TDOA, UL AoA) may be performed on the LMF side. In this case, the base station may report various measurement results to the LMF, and the LMF may calculate the position of the UE.

[0045] The above-mentioned DL and UL (multi-RTT, E-CID) positioning may be performed on the LMF side. In this case, the UE / base station may report various measurement results to the LMF, and the LMF may calculate the UE's position.

[0046] Furthermore, in 3GPP Rel. 17, a positioning method using assistance information is proposed for the purpose of further improving positioning accuracy. The assistance information may be transmitted between the UE, the base station, and the LMF as measurement information for the above-mentioned DL / UL-TDOA, DL-AoD / UL-AoA, multi-RTT, and E-CID.

[0047] The assistance information may include information regarding at least one of the following: Timing Error Group (TEG), RSRPP (path-specific RSRP), Expected angle, Adjacent beam information, TRP antenna / beam information, LOS / NLOS indicators, -Additional path reporting.

[0048] The TEG may indicate one or more Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) resources whose transmit / receive timing errors (Rx / Tx timing errors) are within a certain margin.

[0049] The RSRPP may indicate the measurement result of the RSRP on the first pass.

[0050] In UL positioning, the assistance information regarding the expected angle may indicate an expected UL-AoA / ZoA. The assistance information may be transmitted from the LMF to the base station. The assistance information may also support at least one of UL TDOA, UL AoA, and multi-RTT positioning.

[0051] In DL positioning, the assistance information regarding the expected angle may include information regarding the expected DL-AoA / ZoA or DL-AoD / ZoD. The assistance information may be transmitted to the UE from the LMF. The assistance information may also support at least one of DL TDOA, DL AoA, and multi-RTT positioning. This improves the accuracy of angle-based UE positioning and enables optimization of Rx beamforming for the UE or base station.

[0052] The assistance information regarding the predicted angles may include, in addition to the information on the values ​​of AoA / ZoA / AoD / ZoD themselves as described above, information indicating the uncertainty range of these values.

[0053] As additional beam information, the neighboring beam information may include information about a subset of DL-PRS resources (Option 1) for the purpose of prioritizing DL-AoD reports, or the boresight direction of each DL-PRS resource (Option 2), allowing for optimization of UE Rx beam sweeping and DL-AoD measurements.

[0054] As additional beam information, the assistance information may also include PRS beam pattern information, which may include information regarding the relative power between DL-PRS resources for each angle for each TRP.

[0055] The LOS / NLOS indicator may indicate information regarding Line Of Sight (LOS) / Non-Line Of Sight (NLOS).

[0056] In addition, in order to improve the UE positioning delay, pre-configured measurement gaps (MG), activation of MG via lower layers, MG-less location, PRS Rx / Tx in RRC_INACTIVE state, or on-demand PRS may be configured for the UE (or may be used by the UE).

[0057] In 3GPP Rel.17 NR, it is agreed that the UE measures / reports the RSRP of neighboring beams to improve the accuracy of UE location estimation. For example, in the UE-assisted DL-AoD positioning method, the LMF can indicate at least one of the following options 1 and 2 in the assistance information.

[0058] Option 1: A subset of PRS resources for DL-AoD reporting prioritization. The subset may be configured for each PRS resource depending on the UE capabilities. The UE may include requested PRS measurements for a subset of PRSs in the DL-AoD additional measurements if requested PRS measurements are reported for the associated PRS. The requested PRS measurements may be DL PRS RSRP / path PRS RSRP. The UE may report PRS measurements only for a subset of PRS resources. Note that the associated subset of a PRS resource may be in the same / different PRS resource set as the PRS resource. · Option 2: Information about the boresight direction to be configured for each PRS resource depending on the UE capabilities.

[0059] In 3GPP Rel.16 NR, it is agreed that the expected RSTD and its uncertainty range will be indicated to the UE from the LMF. Furthermore, in Rel.17, it is agreed that the expected angle and its uncertainty range will be indicated to the UE from the LMF to reduce errors and complexity in AoA / AoD measurements.

[0060] 3GPP Rel.17 NR is considering the introduction of a Positioning Reference Unit (PRU) for positioning. The PRU is being discussed as a reference device with a known location to mitigate transmission and reception timing errors of UEs and gNBs. PRU may also be interpreted as UEs, gNBs, transmission reception points (TRPs), or transmission points (TPs).

[0061] For example, a PRU may support at least one of the following: Measure DL PRS and report related measurements (e.g., RSTD / Transmit / Receive Time Difference / RSRP) to the LMF; Transmitting SRS and enabling the TRP to measure and report measurements relative to the reference device (e.g., Relative Time of Arrival (RTOA) / Time Difference Between Arrival and Arrival, AoA) to the LMF; Operational, measurement, and various parameters (parameters related to transmit / receive timing delays, AoD and AOA enhancements, and calibration of measurements); If the LMF does not have the position coordinate information, reporting the position coordinate information of the reference device to the LMF; The reference device with a known location is a UE / gNB; · The accuracy with which the position of the reference device can be known.

[0062] There are two use cases for positioning using AI models: Direct AI / machine learning (ML) positioning, AI / ML assisted positioning.

[0063] Positioning using such AI / ML technology may be called AI-based positioning.

[0064] Direct AI / ML positioning outputs, for example, UE positioning (UE location), while AI / ML assisted positioning outputs, for example, intermediate features, which may be input back into the AI / ML model.

[0065] Example outputs of the AI / ML assisted positioning described above may include at least one of the following: LOS / NLOS identification (LOS / NLOS probability). ·ToA (PRS / SRS time of arrival). Rx-Tx (transmit / receive) time difference. ·AoA / AoD. Number of waves, Rx-Tx (transmit / receive) phase difference (Rel.18 phase measurement). ·DL RSTD / UL TDOA. ·DL-PRS / UL-SRS, RSRPs / RSRPPs. Likelihood of the above numbers (e.g., ToA probability).

[0066] Rel. 18 positioning introduces sidelink positioning based on the Sidelink Positioning Protocol (SLPP). For example, SL-RTT, SL-AoA, SL-TDOA, and SL-TOA are introduced. For example, the sidelink reference signal used for position calculation is called SL-PRS. Measurements based on SL-PRS may include at least one of the following: SL PRS-RSRP, SL PRS-RSRPP, SL RTOA, SL AoA, sidelink receive-transmit (Rx-Tx) time difference, SL RSTD, SL PRS-RSSI, SL PRS-channel occupancy ratio (CR), and SL PRS-channel busy ratio (CBR). Furthermore, measurements related to the carrier phase positioning method may include at least one of UL / DL reference signal carrier phase (RSCP) and DL reference signal carrier phase difference (RSCPD).

[0067] (Use case of AI-based positioning) Typical use cases for AI / ML-based positioning can be classified as follows, depending on which entity's (or entity's) model is used and whether measurement results of either DL or UL signals are used for location prediction:

[0068] Figures 3A to 3C are diagrams showing variations of positioning using DL signals, and Figures 4A and 4B are diagrams showing variations of positioning using UL signals.

[0069] Case 1: UE-based positioning using a UE-side model (direct AI / ML positioning or AI / ML-assisted positioning). Case 2a: UE-assisted / LMF-based positioning using a UE-side model (AI / ML-assisted positioning). Case 2b: UE-assisted / LMF-based positioning using LMF-side model (direct AI / ML positioning). Case 3a: NG-RAN node-assisted positioning using gNB-side model (AI / ML-assisted positioning). Case 3b: NG-RAN node-assisted positioning (direct AI / ML positioning) using LMF-side model.

[0070] <Case 1> Case 1 is an example of positioning using a UE-side model and DL signals / channels (see Figure 3A). In Case 1, the UE receives (required) assistance information related to positioning (location prediction) from the NW (gNB / LMF). The UE-side model calculates (measures / predicts) the UE location or intermediate value based on the assistance information and DL signals / channels from the NW. The UE transmits the UE location or intermediate value to the NW (LMF).

[0071] <Case 2a> Case 2a is an example of positioning using a UE-side model and DL signals / channels (see Figure 3B). In Case 2a, the UE receives (required) assistance information related to positioning (location prediction) from the NW (gNB / LMF). The UE-side model calculates (measures / predicts) intermediate values ​​based on the assistance information and DL signals / channels from the NW. The UE transmits the intermediate values ​​to the NW (LMF).

[0072] <Case 2b> Case 2b is an example of positioning using the LMF-side model and DL signals / channels (see Figure 3C). In Case 2b, the UE transmits measurement results of DL signals (specific signals / channels (e.g., RS)) from the NW to the NW (gNB / LMF). The UE also receives instructions from the NW to collect (required) data related to positioning (location prediction). The LMF-side model calculates (measures / predicts) the UE location based on the measurement results of the DL signals.

[0073] <Case 3a> Case 3a is an example of positioning using a gNB-side model and UL signals / channels (see Figure 4A). In Case 3a, the gNB receives (required) assistance information related to positioning (location prediction) from the LMF. The gNB-side model calculates (measures / predicts) intermediate values ​​based on the assistance information and the UL signals / channels from the UE. The gNB transmits the intermediate values ​​to the LMF.

[0074] <Case 3b> Case 3b is an example of positioning using the LMF-side model and UL signals / channels (see Figure 4B). In Case 3b, the gNB transmits measurement results of UL signals (specific signals / channels (e.g., RS)) from the UE to the LMF. The gNB also receives (required) assistance information related to positioning (location prediction) from the LMF. The LMF-side model calculates (measures / predicts) the UE location based on the measurement results of the UL signals.

[0075] (Sample-based positioning / Path-based positioning) In AI / ML-based positioning in future wireless communication systems, the introduction of sample-based measurements and path-based measurements as measurements for input to the model is being considered.

[0076] <Sample-based measurement> The sample-based measurement may be a measurement consisting of Nt' samples of an estimated channel response in the time domain, where the Nt' samples may be selected from the Nt samples.

[0077] Timing information for Nt' samples may be measured / reported with timing measurement granularity T.

[0078] T may be determined based on the timing reporting granularity factor k and the basic time unit Tc in NR, where T=2 k *Can also be Tc.

[0079] The corresponding measurements (eg, power) may correspond to measurements of the reported Nt' samples.

[0080] The values ​​of Nt, Nt' and k may be determined based on notification from the LMF to the base station / UE using higher layer signaling (eg, NRPPa / LPP).

[0081] The timing information may be specified relative to a reference time.

[0082] The timing reporting granularity factor k may be signaled, for example, using the upper layer parameter timingReportingGranularityFactor.

[0083] A negative value of T may mean that the corresponding particular path is earlier in time (past) than the detected path at the reference (time).

[0084] Fig. 5 is a diagram showing an example of sample-based measurement of positioning. In the example shown in Fig. 5, Nt' samples are selected from Nt samples and measured.

[0085] <Path-based measurement> Path-based measurements may be measurements that include measurement reports in existing specifications (eg, up to Rel. 18).

[0086] Timing information related to path-based measurements may be measured / reported with timing measurement granularity T.

[0087] T may be determined based at least on the timing reporting granularity factor k.

[0088] The definition of the path may be determined based on the implementation of the UE / NW.

[0089] The recommended value of k may be notified from the LMF to the base station / UE using higher layer signaling (e.g., NRPPa / LPP).

[0090] (Data collection for positioning) As mentioned above, the introduction of AI / ML-based positioning is being considered for future wireless communication systems (for example, Rel. 19 and later).

[0091] When performing AI / ML-based positioning, it is considered that data collection for training an AI / ML model is performed, and that information for this data collection includes information about measurements and information about labels.

[0092] In the present disclosure, information related to measurement, information used for measurement, information for measurement, measurement information, measurement related information, and Part A may be read interchangeably. In the present disclosure, information related to measurement may include at least one of a channel measurement value, a quality indicator of the channel measurement (value), and a timestamp of the channel measurement (value).

[0093] In the present disclosure, information about a label, information for a label, label information, label-related information, and Part B may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, information about a label may include at least one of a ground truth label (or an approximation), a quality indicator of the label, and a timestamp of the label. In the present disclosure, a timestamp of a label may refer to time / time information corresponding to the label.

[0094] Corresponding Part A and Part B may be for the same UE (eg, PRU / non-PRU) and may be for the same location associated with Part B.

[0095] For example, Part A and Part B may be generated by the same or different entities based on the same UE, or Part A and Part B may be generated based on the same UE in the same or different positioning methods / procedures.

[0096] It is contemplated that the generation of parts A and B will be performed by a specific entity in each use case of AI-based positioning.

[0097] For example, in Cases 1 / 2a / 2b, Part A may be generated by a PRU or a non-PRU UE, and in Cases 1 / 2a / 2b, Part B may be generated by a PRU, a non-PRU UE with a location estimate, or an LMF.

[0098] For example, in Case 3a / 3b, Part A may be generated by the TRP / gNB (base station). Also, in Case 3a, Part B may be generated by at least the LMF. In Case 3b, Part B may be generated by the PRU, a non-PRU UE with location estimation, or the LMF.

[0099] For example, in case 1 / 2a, the UE may generate part A / B. In this case, the generation of part A / B may be based on the implementation of the UE.

[0100] For example, in case 1 / 2a, the LMF may generate Part B. In this case, the UE may report Part A and other information to the LMF according to existing methods (specified in Rel. 18). The LMF may send Part B to the UE as assistance information.

[0101] For example, in case 2b, the UE may generate part A / B, in which case the UE may report part A / B to the LMF.

[0102] For example, in case 2b, the LMF may generate Part B. In this case, the UE may report Part A and other information to the LMF according to existing methods (specified in Rel. 18).

[0103] For example, in case 3a, the TRP / base station may generate Part A. In this case, the generation of Part A may be based on the implementation of the TRP / base station.

[0104] For example, in case 3a, the LMF may generate at least Part B. In this case, the TRP / base station may report Part A and other information to the LMF according to existing methods (specified in Rel. 18). The LMF may send Part B to the TRP / base station as assistance information.

[0105] For example, in case 3b, the TRP / base station may generate Part A. In this case, the generation of Part A may be based on the implementation of the TRP / base station.

[0106] For example, in case 3b, the LMF may generate Part B. In this case, the TRP / base station may report Part A and other information to the LMF according to existing methods (specified in Rel. 18).

[0107] For example, in case 3b, the UE may generate Part B. In this case, the UE may report Part A and other information to the LMF.

[0108] (timestamp) For the collection of training data in the above-mentioned cases 3a / 3b, the timestamp of the channel measurement / measurement report can be made using the existing information element (IE) "timestamp". In both cases 3a / 3b, the measurement results can be generated by the TRP / gNB and sent / reported to the LMF.

[0109] When a channel measurement (measurement result) is reported / transmitted, the timestamp of the channel measurement may refer to (correspond to) the time instance at which the channel measurement was performed.

[0110] Also, when a label is reported / transmitted, the timestamp of the label may refer to (correspond to) the time instance when the label is valid.

[0111] (Quality Indicator) The introduction of a quality indicator (QI) for a measurement / label is being considered. A quality indicator (QI) may be a parameter that indicates the quality of a measurement / label.

[0112] For example, for the QI in the case of timing information (measurement information) in Part A, a parameter related to timing quality (nr-TimingQuality / NR-TimingQuality, Timing Measurement Quality, etc.) may be used.

[0113] For example, the QI for location information (label information) in Part B may use existing information elements (e.g., defined up to Rel. 18) (e.g., a parameter indicating the uncertainty of location coordinates (e.g., LocationUncertainty)).

[0114] For example, in case 1, location label data is generated by the LMF and transmitted from the LMF to the UE. In this case, the label / label quality indicator may be transmitted using an existing IE (locationCoordinates). The locationCoordinates may indicate an estimated location using at least one of the geographic shapes defined by the specification.

[0115] The above-mentioned parameters indicating the uncertainty or confidence level of the location information, location estimate (location coordinates) can be used as quality indicators of the label.

[0116] (analysis) By the way, the following methods are being considered for obtaining training data for AI / ML-based positioning.

[0117] For example, in the above-mentioned cases 3a / 3b, it is assumed that, in generating the training data, Part A (which may simply be called "measurements"), information related to measurements, and Part B (which may simply be called "labels"), information related to labels, are generated by different entities.

[0118] Figure 6 shows an example of measurement / label generation in positioning. As shown in Figure 6, measurement (Part A) generation can be performed by the TRP / gNB. In addition, in case 3a / 3b, label generation can be performed in the LMF. In case 3b, label generation can be performed by the UE (non-PRU) / PRU.

[0119] In this case, the respective timestamps (which may be called association data) may be taken into account to perform pairing (association) of Part A and Part B.

[0120] Here, it is assumed that the validity of the label (Part B) changes due to the movement of the UE or changes in the surrounding environment.

[0121] For example, associating labels with inappropriate measurements (Part A) may result in inaccurate training (and inaccurate training results).

[0122] In other words, it is necessary to clarify the criteria for judging the effectiveness of labels.

[0123] If these are not clear, the positioning training procedure may not be performed properly, which may affect the positioning accuracy, and as a result, the communication throughput / quality may be affected.

[0124] Therefore, the present inventors came up with a method for solving these problems.

[0125] Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Wireless communication methods according to the embodiments may be applied independently or in combination.

[0126] (Various reading changes) In this disclosure, words enclosed in "()" in a sentence may indicate an explanation of the immediately preceding wording (for example, an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, a supplementary explanation, etc. Also, in this disclosure, words enclosed in "[ ]" in a sentence may be interpreted including the meaning of the entire sentence, or may be interpreted excluding the meaning of the entire sentence (ignoring the meaning of the entire sentence). Note that "()" and "[ ]" may also be used for purposes / meanings other than those mentioned above.

[0127] In the present disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in the present disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

[0128] In the present disclosure, terms such as notify, activate, deactivate, indicate (or indicate), select, configure, update, and determine may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and operate may be interchangeable.

[0129] In the present disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher layer parameters, fields, information elements (IEs), settings, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC) control elements (CEs), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0130] In the present disclosure, the higher layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, other messages (e.g., messages from the core network such as positioning protocol (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages), or a combination thereof.

[0131] In the present disclosure, MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc. Broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.

[0132] In the present disclosure, physical layer signaling may be, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), and the like.

[0133] In this disclosure, the terms drop, abort, cancel, puncture, rate match, postpone, do not transmit, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0134] In this disclosure, estimation, prediction, and inference may be used interchangeably. Also, in this disclosure, estimate, predict, and infer may be used interchangeably.

[0135] In the present disclosure, positioning may be interchangeably read as position determination, position estimation, position prediction, etc. In the present disclosure, KPI (Key Performance Indicator) and performance metrics may be interchangeably read as KPI (Key Performance Indicator), performance metrics calculation, model monitoring, and performance monitoring may be interchangeably read as KPI (Key Performance Indicator), performance metrics calculation, model monitoring, and performance monitoring.

[0136] In the following embodiments, to explain an AI model related to communication between a UE, a gNB, and an LMF, the relevant entities are a UE, a gNB, and an LMF; however, the application of each embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited to this. For example, for communication between other entities (e.g., communication between UEs), the UE, the gNB, and the LMF in the following embodiments may be replaced with a first UE, a second UE, a third UE, and so on. In other words, any UE, the gNB, and the LMF in the present disclosure may be replaced with any UE, the gNB, and the LMF. Furthermore, the NW, the base station (BS), the gNB, the LMF, and the TRP may be replaced with each other.

[0137] In the present disclosure, the antenna port, subband, angle, and delay may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the NW, base station, gNB, TRP, and LMF may be interchangeable. The LMF may be interchangeable with a device (such as a server) that implements the LMF.

[0138] In the present disclosure, encoder, encoding, encode / encoded, modification / alteration / control by an encoder, compressing, compress / compressed, generating, generate / generated, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0139] In the present disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, slot, subslot, symbol, subframe, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0140] In the present disclosure, sample-based and sample-by-sample may be interchangeable. Sample and sampling may be interchangeable. Path-based and path-by-path may be interchangeable. Positioning, measurement, and reporting may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, information element (IE), [higher layer] parameter may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, transmission and reporting may be interchangeable. Path and additional path may be interchangeable.

[0141] Examples of the present disclosure are applicable to all Life Cycle Management (LCM) procedures, for example, the reported information may be applied to data collection for AI / ML model inference, performance monitoring, model training and model update, etc. The AI / ML-based positioning in the present disclosure may be performed by the UE / gNB / LMF / NG-RAN.

[0142] In the present disclosure, DL [positioning] and UL [positioning] may be read interchangeably.

[0143] In the present disclosure, the PRS and the SRS may be interchangeable. Note that the PRS may be used for DL ​​positioning, and the SRS may be used for UL positioning.

[0144] In the present disclosure, gNB, TRP, LMF, and NG-RAN may be interchangeable. Note that LMF is defined as one of the network functions (NFs) provided in the core network, and performs communication control related to location information. The LMF may be installed in any device on the core network. Furthermore, the LMF-side model may be an AI / ML model installed in a device on the core network. Furthermore, LMF-based positioning may refer to deriving location information using the LMF-side model.

[0145] In the present disclosure, the terms "behavior" and "operation" may be read interchangeably.

[0146] In this disclosure, measurement, measurement value, measurement result, measurement metric result, information about the measurement, information used for the measurement, information for the measurement, Part A, calculated / assumed / expected location may be read interchangeably. In this disclosure, Part A may include at least one of a channel measurement value, a quality indicator of the channel measurement (value), and a timestamp of the channel measurement (value).

[0147] In this disclosure, the measurement metrics may be in the time / power / phase domain.

[0148] In the present disclosure, labels, location information, information related to location, positioning intermediate values, LOS / NLOS indicators, timing information, various quality information, Part B, non-measurement information, environmental information, environmental-related parameters, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0149] In the present disclosure, Part B may include at least one of a label, quality information / indicators on the label, and a timestamp on the label.

[0150] In the present disclosure, label quality indicator, label quality information, quality indicator, quality information, quality threshold, simply threshold, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0151] In the present disclosure, label timestamp, label time information, timestamp, time information, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0152] In the present disclosure, PRU information for AI / ML-based positioning, PRU information, information about PRUs, PRU-related information, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0153] In this disclosure, the names of parameters / information are merely examples. For example, the description "-rxx (e.g., xx is 19)" indicating the release number written in each parameter does not have to be written in each parameter, or a different number may be indicated.

[0154] In the present disclosure, the UE side (side) and the terminal side (side) may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the NW side (side), base station side (side), gNB side (side), TRP side (side), LMF side (side), etc. may be interchangeable.

[0155] In the present disclosure, measurement, measurement result, measurement value, and measurement may be interchangeable. Also, measurement and measurement result may be interchangeable with measurement indicator results including at least one of time measurement, power measurement, and phase measurement, and calculated / assumed / predicted [UE] location.

[0156] In the present disclosure, a value may mean a measured value or a parameter. That is, a value, a measured value, and a parameter may be read interchangeably.

[0157] In the present disclosure, pairing X and Y may mean associating X and Y. That is, pairing and association may be read interchangeably.

[0158] In the present disclosure, a certain duration, a predetermined time, a length of time, and a duration may be read interchangeably.

[0159] (Wireless communication method) Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to AI-based positioning and can be broadly categorized as follows: 0th embodiment: Definition of label validity. First embodiment: Label validity over time. Second embodiment: Effectiveness of the label considering the environment.

[0160] Each embodiment will be described below based on these. Each embodiment / option may be applied alone or in combination.

[0161] In this disclosure, positioning is mainly exemplified as a use case of the AI ​​model. More specifically, the embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable to any positioning use case (downstream positioning / upstream positioning, UE / gNB / LMF-based positioning).

[0162] The present disclosure can be applied to any positioning method. For example, the present disclosure can be applied not only to DL / UL TDOA but also to DL AoD / UL AoA, multi-RTT, and E-CID-based positioning. In this case, the upper layer parameters (information elements) corresponding to each method may be interchangeable.

[0163] In this disclosure, the measurement entity may be a TRP / gNB, and the label generator may be an LMF in case 3a, or a PRU / non-PRU / UE / LMF in case 3b.

[0164] In this disclosure, cases 3a and 3b are exemplified where the measurement and label generation are performed by different entities, but are not limited to these. This disclosure can also be applied to cases 1 and 2, or cases where the measurement and label generation are performed by the same entity.

[0165] The UE / NW (gNB / LMF) may perform positioning / model monitoring and various related operations (measurement / prediction / reporting / transmission / reception) by applying the various provisions described above and the embodiments described below.

[0166] The UE / NW (gNB) may receive various configurations for positioning / measurement / reporting, and may further report / send corresponding prediction (positioning) results to the NW (LMF).

[0167] The NW (gNB / LMF) may send various settings for positioning / measurement / reporting to the UE / gNB, and the NW may receive corresponding prediction results (reports) from the UE / gNB.

[0168] The UE / NW (gNB / LMF) may control various positioning-related operations (transmission and reception of related information) by applying the embodiments of the present disclosure and the various provisions described above. Furthermore, the UE / NW (gNB / LMF) may execute information exchange between multiple entities to realize these various operations.

[0169] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the rules for generating positioning training data are clarified. As a result, the positioning training procedure is properly executed, and the positioning accuracy can be improved. As a result of the improved positioning accuracy, improvements in communication throughput / quality can be expected.

[0170] <0th embodiment> The 0th embodiment relates to the definition of the validity of a label.

[0171] The validity of a label [information] may be defined as follows: Validity may also be called validity, validation, etc.

[0172] The validity of a label may mean that a measurement and a label can be paired (associated), or that the label itself is available / usable / applicable.

[0173] The validity of a label may be defined for each entity that generates the corresponding label, i.e., the validity of a label may be different or the same for each generating entity.

[0174] Alternatively, the validity of a label may be defined for each combination of label generating entity and measurement generating entity, i.e. the validity of a label may be different or the same for each combination of label generating entity and measurement generating entity.

[0175] The validity of the label may be predefined by the specification, may be set / indicated (statically / dynamically) by higher layer / physical layer signaling, or may be determined according to the UE capabilities.

[0176] The validity of a label may have different definitions / values / settings for each type of label, for example, different definitions / values / settings may be applied to the measurement metric label in case 3a and the location label in case 3b.

[0177] According to this embodiment, the validity of the label is clearly defined.

[0178] First Embodiment The first embodiment relates to time-dependent label validity (time-dependence of label validity).

[0179] The validity of a label may be defined based on time (taking time into account). A measurement and a label may be paired if and only if the label is valid.

[0180] <<Pairing conditions>> The pairing conditions for measurements and labels will be described below, and time may be taken into consideration in the pairing conditions.

[0181] If the error (time difference) between the measurement timestamp and the label timestamp is within / less than a predefined time X (symbols / frames / slots / milliseconds), the measurement and label may be paired.

[0182] The measurement timestamp may refer to the measurement timing, and the label timestamp may refer to the label timing (e.g., the label generation timing).

[0183] The value of X mentioned above may be predefined by a specification, may be set / indicated by higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling, or may be determined according to UE capabilities.

[0184] The timestamp error / difference value mentioned above (which may also be referred to as the time difference between the measurement and the label) may be represented by at least one of the following options: Figures 7A to 7C show an example of criteria for determining the validity of the labels of the present disclosure.

[0185] (Opt1) A given time span relative to either the measurement / label timestamp.

[0186] For example, as shown in Fig. 7A, it may be a predetermined time range before and after a certain timestamp as a reference. The reference timestamp may be either a measurement or a label.

[0187] (Opt2) Start and end times [relative to either the measurement / label timestamp]. Start / end times may be expressed as absolute times or relative to a reference.

[0188] For example, as shown in Figure 7B, it may be expressed by a start time and an end time. In this case, the reference timestamp may or may not be included between the start time and the end time. The reference timestamp may be either a measurement or a label.

[0189] (Opt3) A start time (based on either a measurement or label timestamp) and a duration (a given length of time). The start time can be expressed as an absolute time or relative to a reference.

[0190] For example, as shown in Figure 7C, it may be represented by a start time and a certain duration. In this case, the reference timestamp may or may not be included within the certain duration. The reference timestamp may be either a measurement or a label.

[0191] (Note) In each of the above options, only the time after the reference time (reference timestamp) may be considered for validity [determination].

[0192] <<valid time / period>> A time / period may be defined during which the label [information] is valid [regardless of its relationship to the measurement timestamp]. This time / period may be called the label validity time / period.

[0193] The time for which the label is valid may be predefined by a specification, may be set / indicated by higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling, or may be determined according to the UE capabilities.

[0194] The time that a label is valid may be represented by at least one of the following options: Figures 8A-8E are diagrams illustrating an example of the time that a label of the present disclosure is valid.

[0195] (Opt1) A given time range / duration after the label's timestamp (see Figure 8A).

[0196] (Opt2) A given time range / duration before and after the label's timestamp (see Figure 8B).

[0197] (Opt3) Between the label timestamp and the end time (see Figure 8C). The end time may be expressed as absolute time or relative time from the reference (the label timestamp).

[0198] (Opt4) Between the start and end times relative to the label timestamp (see Figure 8D). The start and end times can be expressed as absolute times or relative times from the reference (the label timestamp).

[0199] In this case, the timestamp of the reference label may or may not be included between the start time and the end time.

[0200] (Opt5) A predetermined duration from the start time based on the label timestamp (see Figure 8E). The start time may be expressed as an absolute time or as a relative time from the reference (the label timestamp).

[0201] In this case, the timestamp of the reference label may or may not be included between the start time and the end time.

[0202] <<Valid Time-Based Pairing>> One or more measurements taken within the time / period that a label [information] is valid may be paired with that label [information].

[0203] If only one measurement is paired with a label, The measurement with the timestamp closest to the label's timestamp may be paired, or The measurement for which the label is valid and the quality indicator (the measurement with the smallest uncertainty) may be paired, or Measurements for which the label is valid and has the highest confidence level may be paired.

[0204] As conditions for pairing, quality indicators (uncertainty, confidence level) may be defined.

[0205] The UE / gNB may report to the NW (e.g., LMF) the quality of the pairing itself, taking into account measurements, label timestamp deviations (difference values), quality indicators, etc.

[0206] When there are multiple labels, the conditions (the predetermined time X and the label validity time described above) for pairing the labels with the measurements may be common to all labels or may be different for each label.

[0207] As described above, the predetermined time X and the label validity time, which are common to all labels or different for each label, may be predefined by the specification, may be set / instructed by upper layer signaling / physical layer signaling, or may be determined according to the UE capabilities. Alternatively, it may depend on the UE implementation.

[0208] FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of determining the validity of labels in the UE movement of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 9, the predetermined time X (tα, tβ, tγ) may be the same or different for different times (t1, t2, t3).

[0209] <​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​In addition, different predetermined times X, label valid times, and label [information] may be set for different parameters such as bearing and uncertainty.

[0214] 10A and 10B are diagrams showing examples of information elements that may be included in the higher layer parameters (LPP / NRPPa) of the present disclosure.

[0215] As shown in FIG. 10A, the parameters related to the velocity types (VelocityTypes) may include horizontal / vertical velocity, or parameters related to these velocities and uncertainties.

[0216] As shown in FIG. 10B, the parameter related to the horizontal velocity (HorizontalVelocity) may include a parameter related to the direction (bearing), a parameter related to the horizontal speed (horizontalSpeed), and the like.

[0217] <<Measurement / Label Quality Indicators>> For the validity of the label, quality indicators of the measurement / label may be taken into account.

[0218] The UE / gNB may be instructed / requested to report quality indicators of the measurements / labels, which may include at least one of a timing quality parameter (NR-TimingQuality), a measurement quality parameter (MeasurementQuality), a location coordinate parameter (locationCoordinates), an uncertainty parameter (uncertainty), a confidence level parameter (confidence level), and information related thereto.

[0219] The UE / gNB may be instructed / requested to report these quality indicators simultaneously / asynchronously (separately) with the timestamps mentioned above.

[0220] The validity of the label may take into account whether the measurement is sample-based / path-based, information about the RS (RS opportunity period, band, etc.), assistance data such as TRP location, and additional conditions on the network side. The UE / gNB may be instructed / requested to report this information simultaneously / asynchronously (separately) with the above-mentioned timestamp.

[0221] The LMF may instruct / request the UE / gNB to report measurements / labels at a frequency that satisfies the conditions regarding the validity of the labels, or the UE may instruct / request the gNB / LMF to report measurements / labels at a frequency that satisfies the conditions regarding the validity of the labels.

[0222] If the report from the UE / gNB does not satisfy the conditions regarding the label validity, the UE / gNB may assume that the LMF will send information about the error (which may include the error cause), or in this case the UE / gNB may assume that it will receive (send) an instruction to remeasure / retransmit the measurement / label.

[0223] The UE / gNB may be provided with additional assistance data regarding the validity of the label. Examples of the additional assistance data include: · UE position / metric uncertainty per unit time. Expected variance of UE location / metric per unit time. Rate of change of UE position / metric per unit time.

[0224] According to this embodiment, the rules (criteria, etc.) regarding the validity of labels in consideration of time are clarified, and the UE / gNB can appropriately recognize / determine the measurement / label pairing based on the rules.

[0225] <Second embodiment> The second embodiment relates to the effectiveness of a label taking into account the environment (environmental dependence of the effectiveness of the label).

[0226] The validity of the label [information] may be defined / set based on the instructions of the NW.

[0227] The UE / gNB may assume that the NW determined the validity of the label [information] based on time, surrounding environmental information, quality indicators, etc.

[0228] If the error (difference) between the ambient environment information in the timestamp of the measurement and the ambient environment information in the timestamp of the label is within / less than a predetermined condition, the measurement and the label may be paired.

[0229] The ambient environment information may include at least one of the number of additional paths, the timing report granularity factor k, and the number of [measurement] samples (Nt, Nt').

[0230] The UE / gNB may be instructed / requested to report the surrounding environment information simultaneously / asynchronously (separately) with the above-mentioned timestamp.

[0231] The above-mentioned predetermined conditions may be predefined by a specification, may be set / indicated by higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling, may be determined according to UE capabilities, or may be left to the UE implementation.

[0232] For the validity of the label, quality indicators of the measurement / label may be taken into account.

[0233] The UE / gNB may be instructed / requested to report quality indicators of the measurements / labels, which may include at least one of a timing quality parameter (NR-TimingQuality), a measurement quality parameter (MeasurementQuality), a location coordinate parameter (locationCoordinates), an uncertainty parameter (uncertainty), a confidence level parameter (confidence level), and information related thereto.

[0234] The UE / gNB may be instructed / required to report these quality indicators simultaneously / asynchronously (separately) with the timestamps described above.

[0235] If the report from the UE / gNB does not meet the conditions regarding the validity of the label, the UE / gNB may assume that it will receive information about an error (which may include the error cause) from the LMF. Alternatively, in this case, the UE / gNB may assume that it will receive (be sent) an instruction to re-measure / resend the measurement / label [information].

[0236] According to this embodiment, the regulations (criteria, etc.) regarding the validity of the label considering the environment are clarified. The UE / gNB can appropriately recognize / judge the pairing of the measurement / label based on the said regulations.

[0237] <Supplementary Note> <<Notification of Information to the UE>> The notification of any information from the [Network (NW) (e.g., Base Station (BS))] to the UE in the above-described embodiment (in other words, the reception of any information from the BS by the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), upper layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof. <00008​​​​​​When the above notification is performed by DCI, the above notification may be performed according to a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used for scrambling Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, a format of the DCI, and the like.

[0240] Also, the notification of any information to the UE in the above-described embodiment may be performed periodically, semi-persistently (triggered by an instruction from the UE or gNB), or aperiodically (triggered by an instruction from the UE or gNB).

[0241] In the above-described embodiment, the UE may receive information from the NW as at least one of the following QCL rules. · QCL type A. · QCL type B. · QCL type C. · QCL type D.

[0242] In the above-described embodiment, the QCL source RS for each QCL type may be at least one of the following several RSs. · SSB. · CSI-RS with / without repetition. · TRS. · DMRS of PDCCH / PDSCH.

[0243] In the above-described embodiment, the information from the NW may be set / instructed by the following methods. · Common to a plurality of UEs or UE-specific. · Cell-specific or common to a plurality of cells. · For each UE / CC / BWP / band / cell / cell group (CG).

[0244] <<Notification of Information from UE>> In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information from the UE [to the NW] (in other words, transmission / reporting of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signals), or a combination thereof.

[0245] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new LCID in the MAC subheader that is not defined in existing standards.

[0246] If the notification is performed by UCI, the notification may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0247] In addition, notification of any information from the UE in the above-mentioned embodiments may be performed periodically, semi-persistently (triggered by an instruction from the UE or gNB), or aperiodically (triggered by an instruction from the UE or gNB).

[0248] <<Application of each embodiment>> In a UE / BS (NW / gNB / LMF / NG-RAN), specific processing / operation / control / assumption / information of at least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied (used) when one or more of the following conditions are met: Upper layer parameters indicating the above specific processing / operation / control / assumment / information are set. The specific processing / action / control / assumption / information is determined based on relevant upper layer parameters; The above specific processes / actions / controls / assumptions / information are specified / activated / triggered by MAC CE / DCI / UCI / resources / channels / RS, Reporting or supporting specific UE capabilities indicating (or relating to) the above specific processes / actions / controls / assumptions / information; · The application of the above specific processing / action / control / assumption / information is judged based on specific conditions.

[0249] The specific UE capabilities may indicate at least one of the following: · To support the above specific processes / actions / controls / assumptions / information. Support AI / ML-based positioning (using AI / ML models). Support sample-based / path-based measurement (positioning).

[0250] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), or may be a capability for each frequency (e.g., one or a combination of a cell, band, band combination, BWP, component carrier, etc.), or may be a capability for each frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), or may be a capability for each subcarrier spacing (SubCarrier Spacing (SCS)), or may be a capability for each Feature Set (FS) or Feature Set Per Component-carrier (FSPC).

[0251] Furthermore, the specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied across all duplexing methods (commonly regardless of the duplexing method), or may be a capability for each duplexing method (for example, Time Division Duplex (TDD) or Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0252] If the above conditions are not met, the UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0253] (Addendum) The following inventions are added regarding one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Appendix 1] a control unit that controls generation of labels in data collection for terminal positioning; a transmitter that transmits the label; The measurement result for terminal positioning and the valid label are paired with the terminal. [Appendix 2] 2. The terminal of claim 1, wherein the label and the measurement result are paired based on specific pairing conditions related to their respective timestamps. [Appendix 3] The validity of the label is determined based on at least one of a timestamp of the label, movement information of the terminal, and a quality indicator; 3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit controls the terminal to report a parameter for determining the validity of the label. [Appendix 4] The validity of the label is determined based on surrounding environmental information; The terminal of any one of Supplementary Note 1 to Supplementary Note 3, wherein the surrounding environment information includes at least one of a number of additional paths, a timing reporting granularity factor, and a number of measurement samples.

[0254] (wireless communication system) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination thereof.

[0255] 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may be simply referred to as system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), or the like, which are specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0256] The wireless communication system 1 may also support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

[0257] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the master node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the secondary node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0258] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity in which both the MN and the SN are NR base stations (gNBs) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0259] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with a relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) that are located within the macrocell C1 and form small cells C2 that are smaller than the macrocell C1. A user terminal 20 may be located within at least one of the cells. The location, number, shape, size, etc. of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the embodiment shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when there is no need to distinguish between the base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0260] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or may be formed by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called, for example, a super cell) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called, for example, sub-cells). A super cell may correspond to a cell whose physical range is fixed, and a sub-cell may correspond to a cell whose physical range varies semi-statically / dynamically. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0261] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CC) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0262] Each CC may be included in at least one of a first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and a second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). The macro cell C1 may be included in FR1, and the small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may be a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0263] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may perform communication using at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) in each CC.

[0264] The multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (for example, optical fiber conforming to the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), an X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wirelessly (for example, NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between the base stations 11 and 12, the base station 11 corresponding to the upper station may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and the base station 12 corresponding to the relay station (relay) may be called an IAB node.

[0265] The base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 directly or via another base station 10. The core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), a Next Generation Core (NGC), and the like.

[0266] The core network 30 may include network functions (NFs) such as a User Plane Function (UPF), an Access and Mobility management Function (AMF), a Session Management Function (SMF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an Application Function (AF), a Data Network (DN), a Location Management Function (LMF), and an Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). Note that a single network node may provide multiple functions. Furthermore, communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may be performed via the DN.

[0267] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal compatible with at least one of communication methods such as LTE, LTE-A, and 5G.

[0268] An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based radio access scheme may be used in the radio communication system 1. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), or the like may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0269] The radio access scheme may also be called a waveform. Note that in the wireless communication system 1, other radio access schemes (for example, other single-carrier transmission schemes, other multi-carrier transmission schemes) may be used as the UL and DL radio access schemes.

[0270] In the wireless communication system 1, a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), etc. may be used as the downlink channel.

[0271] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)), etc. may be used as an uplink channel.

[0272] The PDSCH transmits user data, higher layer control information, System Information Block (SIB), etc. The PUSCH may transmit user data, higher layer control information, etc. Furthermore, the PBCH may transmit Master Information Block (MIB).

[0273] Lower layer control information may be transmitted by the PDCCH. The lower layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) including scheduling information for at least one of the PDSCH and the PUSCH.

[0274] Note that the DCI for scheduling the PDSCH may be referred to as a DL assignment, a DL DCI, etc., and the DCI for scheduling the PUSCH may be referred to as an UL grant, a UL DCI, etc. Note that the PDSCH may be interpreted as DL data, and the PUSCH may be interpreted as UL data.

[0275] A control resource set (CORESET) and a search space may be used to detect the PDCCH. The CORESET corresponds to resources to search for DCI. The search space corresponds to a search region and a search method for PDCCH candidates. One CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE may monitor a CORESET associated with a certain search space based on the search space configuration.

[0276] One search space may correspond to PDCCH candidates corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be called a search space set. Note that the terms "search space," "search space set," "search space setting," "search space set setting," "CORESET," "CORESET setting," etc. in the present disclosure may be read interchangeably.

[0277] The PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), acknowledgement information (which may be called, for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). The PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with a cell.

[0278] In the present disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc. may be expressed without adding "link." Also, various channels may be expressed without adding "Physical" to the beginning.

[0279] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc. may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc. may be transmitted as DL-RS.

[0280] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including the SS (PSS, SSS) and the PBCH (and DMRS for the PBCH) may be referred to as an SS / PBCH block, an SS Block (SSB), or the like. Note that the SS, SSB, and the like may also be referred to as reference signals.

[0281] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), etc. may be transmitted as an uplink reference signal (UL-RS). Note that the DMRS may also be called a user equipment-specific reference signal (UE-specific reference signal).

[0282] (base station) 12 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transceiver unit 120, a transceiver antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that the base station may include one or more of each of the control unit 110, the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140.

[0283] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0284] The control unit 110 performs overall control of the base station 10. The control unit 110 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like that are explained based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0285] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140, measurement, etc. The control unit 110 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transceiver unit 120. The control unit 110 may perform call processing (setting up, releasing, etc.) of communication channels, status management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, etc.

[0286] The transceiver unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transceiver unit 120 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0287] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

[0288] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure pertains, such as an array antenna.

[0289] The transceiver 120 may transmit the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 120 may receive the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0290] The transceiver 120 may form at least one of a transmission beam and a reception beam using digital beamforming (for example, precoding), analog beamforming (for example, phase rotation), or the like.

[0291] The transceiver 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), Medium Access Control (MAC) layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0292] The transceiver 120 (transmission processor 1211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0293] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation to a radio frequency band, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transmitting / receiving antenna .

[0294] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna .

[0295] The transceiver 120 (reception processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, thereby acquiring user data, etc.

[0296] The transceiver 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0297] The transmission path interface 140 may transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes providing NFs), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0298] The transmitting section and receiving section of the base station 10 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving section 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140.

[0299] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a radio unit (RU), a distributed unit (DU), and a central unit (CU). For example, the RU may perform RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level functions of the physical layer (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may perform higher-level functions of the physical layer (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may perform PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer functions.

[0300] In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may include a single device that implements all of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU, or may include multiple devices that each implement some of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may be interchangeably read as RU / DU / CU.

[0301] The transceiver 120 may receive a label for data collection for terminal positioning. The control unit 110 may control generation of measurement results for the terminal positioning. The measurement results for the terminal positioning and the valid label may be paired.

[0302] (user terminal) 13 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transceiver unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. Note that the user terminal 20 may include one or more of each of the control unit 210, the transceiver unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0303] Note that this example mainly shows functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0304] The control unit 210 performs overall control of the user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like that are explained based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0305] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc. using the transceiver unit 220 and the transceiver antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 220.

[0306] The transceiver unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transceiver unit 220 may be configured from a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0307] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

[0308] The transmitting / receiving antenna 230 can be configured as an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure pertains, such as an array antenna.

[0309] The transceiver 220 may receive the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 220 may transmit the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0310] The transceiver 220 may form at least one of a transmission beam and a reception beam using digital beamforming (for example, precoding), analog beamforming (for example, phase rotation), or the like.

[0311] The transceiver 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 210, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0312] The transceiver 220 (transmission processor 2211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0313] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the setting of transform precoding. When transform precoding is enabled for a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), the transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as the transmission processing to transmit the channel using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, and when transform precoding is not enabled, the transceiver unit 220 may not perform DFT processing as the transmission processing.

[0314] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation to a radio frequency band, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0315] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0316] The transceiver 220 (reception processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0317] The transceiver 220 (measurement unit 223) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 may perform RRM measurement, CSI measurement, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 may measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0318] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on the channel measurement resources. The channel measurement resources may be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on the interference measurement resources. The interference measurement resources may be at least one of an NZP CSI-RS resource for interference measurement, a CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resource, etc. Note that CSI-IM may be referred to as CSI-Interference Management (IM) or may be interchangeably read as Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. Note that in the present disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc. may be interchangeably read as interchangeable.

[0319] The transmitting section and receiving section of the user terminal 20 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving section 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0320] The control unit 210 may perform at least part of the processing of the control unit in the above appendix.

[0321] The transceiver unit 220 may perform at least part of the processing of the transmitter / receiver unit in the above appendix.

[0322] (Hardware configuration) The block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may also be realized by combining the single device or multiple devices with software.

[0323] Here, the functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, deeming, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission may be called a transmitting unit, transmitter, etc. As mentioned above, the implementation method of each is not particularly limited.

[0324] For example, a base station, a user terminal, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. The above-described base station 10 and user terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0325] In this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, unit, etc. may be read interchangeably. The hardware configurations of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.

[0326] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing may be performed by one processor, or processing may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, serially, or in other ways. Furthermore, processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips.

[0327] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as a processor 1001 and a memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication via the communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0328] The processor 1001, for example, runs an operating system to control the entire computer. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, at least a part of the above-mentioned control unit 110 (210), transmission / reception unit 120 (220), etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0329] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002, and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be realized by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and the other functional blocks may be realized in a similar manner.

[0330] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured by at least one of, for example, a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, a cache, a main memory, or the like. The memory 1002 may store executable programs (program codes), software modules, and the like for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0331] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be constituted by at least one of, for example, a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disc (e.g., a Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a digital versatile disc, a Blu-ray disc), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as a secondary storage device.

[0332] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmission / reception unit 120 (220), transmission / reception antenna 130 (230), etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit 120 (220) may be implemented as a transmission unit 120a (220a) and a reception unit 120b (220b) that are physically or logically separated.

[0333] The input device 1005 is an input device (for example, a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that receives input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (for example, a display, a speaker, a light emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (for example, a touch panel).

[0334] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0335] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized using such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0336] Note that the devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NFs) may also be realized by the above-described functional block / hardware configuration.

[0337] (Variation) Note that terms explained in the present disclosure and terms necessary for understanding the present disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, a channel, a symbol, and a signal (signal or signaling) may be interchangeable. A signal may also be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS, and may also be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc. depending on the applicable standard. A component carrier (CC) may also be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0338] A radio frame may be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of the one or more periods (frames) constituting a radio frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0339] Here, the numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of transmission and reception of a signal or channel, and may indicate at least one of, for example, a subcarrier spacing (SCS), a bandwidth, a symbol length, a cyclic prefix length, a transmission time interval (TTI), the number of symbols per TTI, a radio frame structure, a specific filtering process performed by a transceiver in the frequency domain, and a specific windowing process performed by a transceiver in the time domain.

[0340] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol), and may be a time unit based on numerology.

[0341] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0342] A radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals. The radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol. Note that the time units such as a frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol in the present disclosure may be interchangeable.

[0343] For example, one subframe may be referred to as a TTI, or multiple consecutive subframes may be referred to as a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be referred to as a TTI. That is, at least one of a subframe and a TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0344] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0345] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0346] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0347] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0348] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and equal to or greater than 1 ms.

[0349] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may also be determined based on numerology.

[0350] In addition, an RB may include one or more symbols in the time domain and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc. may each be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0351] Note that one or more RBs may also be called a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0352] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0353] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), which may also be referred to as a fractional bandwidth, may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a common reference point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a given BWP and numbered within that BWP.

[0354] The BWP may include an UL BWP (a BWP for UL) and a DL BWP (a BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0355] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0356] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. may be changed in various ways.

[0357] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0358] The names used for parameters and the like in this disclosure are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions and the like using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0359] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0360] Furthermore, information, signals, etc. may be output from a higher layer to a lower layer and / or from a lower layer to a higher layer. Information, signals, etc. may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0361] Input and output information, signals, etc. may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information, signals, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or added. Output information, signals, etc. may be deleted. Input information, signals, etc. may be transmitted to another device.

[0362] With respect to any information (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) described in the present disclosure, even if not specifically stated in the above embodiments, any first device (e.g., UE / base station) may notify any second device (e.g., base station / UE) of information indicating / identifying (or relating to) the value of the any information.

[0363] Notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, notification of information in the present disclosure may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0364] Note that the physical layer signaling may be called Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signal), L1 control information (L1 control signal), etc. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be called an RRC message, such as an RRC connection setup message or an RRC connection reconfiguration message. Furthermore, the MAC signaling may be notified using, for example, a MAC Control Element (CE).

[0365] Furthermore, notification of specified information (e.g., notification that "it is X") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be made implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0366] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value represented by true or false, or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0367] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0368] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), then these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0369] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably. A "network" may refer to devices included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0370] In the present disclosure, terms such as "precoding," "precoder," "weight (precoding weight)," "Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)," "Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)," "spatial relation," "spatial domain filter," "transmit power," "phase rotation," "antenna port," "layer," "number of layers," "rank," "resource," "resource set," "beam," "beam width," "beam angle," "antenna," "antenna element," "panel," "UE panel," "transmitting entity," "receiving entity," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0371] In the present disclosure, the term "antenna port" may be interchangeably read as an antenna port for any signal / channel (e.g., a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) port). In the present disclosure, the term "resource" may be interchangeably read as a resource for any signal / channel (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). The resource may include time / frequency / code / space / power resources. The spatial domain transmission filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.

[0372] The group may include, for example, at least one of a spatial relationship group, a Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, a Reference Signal (RS) group, a Control Resource Set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, a panel group, and the like.

[0373] In addition, in the present disclosure, beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, codeword (CW), transport block (TB), RS, etc. may be read as interchangeable terms.

[0374] In addition, in the present disclosure, the terms TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0375] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumptions," "QCL relationships," "QCL type information," "QCL properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) properties," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interchangeable.

[0376] In this disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interchangeable. In this disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, and subset may be interchangeable.

[0377] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interchangeable. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interchangeable with "set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)", "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information", etc. The TCI state and TCI may be interchangeable. The spatial relationship information and spatial relationship may be interchangeable.

[0378] In this disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNB (eNodeB)," "gNB (gNodeB)," "access point," "transmission point (TP)," "reception point (RP)," "transmission / reception point (TRP)," "panel," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," "component carrier," etc. may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, picocell, etc.

[0379] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication service by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The term "cell" or "sector" refers to a part or the entire coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication service within this coverage.

[0380] In the present disclosure, a base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control / operate based on the information.

[0381] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0382] A mobile station may also be referred to as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0383] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0384] The mobile body is a movable object that can move at any speed and naturally includes cases where the mobile body is stationary. Examples of the mobile body include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile body may also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on an operation command.

[0385] The mobile object may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0386] 15 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment. Vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, an RPM sensor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0387] The drive unit 41 is configured with at least one of an engine, a motor, and a hybrid of an engine and a motor, for example. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0388] The electronic control unit 49 is composed of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (e.g., an input / output (IO) port) 63. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 49 from various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0389] The signals from the various sensors 50-58 include a current signal from a current sensor 50 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 54, a depression amount signal of the accelerator pedal 43 obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a depression amount signal of the brake pedal 44 obtained by a brake pedal sensor 56, an operation signal of the shift lever 45 obtained by a shift lever sensor 57, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 58.

[0390] The information service unit 59 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a display, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 60 or the like to provide various information / services (for example, multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0391] The information service unit 59 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0392] The driving assistance system unit 64 is configured with various devices that provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driver's driving burden, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), Inertial Navigation Systems (INSs)), Artificial Intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driving assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0393] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 transmits and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to and from the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and the various sensors 50-58, which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0394] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the above-mentioned base station 10 or user terminal 20. Furthermore, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the above-mentioned base station 10 and user terminal 20 (or may function as at least one of the base station 10 and user terminal 20).

[0395] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 59 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0396] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from external devices and displays it on an information service unit 59 provided in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 60 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0397] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, various sensors 50-58, and the like provided in the vehicle 40.

[0398] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, terms such as uplink channel and downlink channel may be read as sidelink channel.

[0399] Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be read as a base station, in which case the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

[0400] In the present disclosure, an operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases. It is apparent that in a network including one or more network nodes having a base station, various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (such as, but not limited to, a Mobility Management Entity (MME) and a Serving-Gateway (S-GW)), or a combination thereof.

[0401] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, the order of the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless inconsistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the specific order presented.

[0402] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be a technology other than Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or decimal number)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE The present invention may be applied to systems that use 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other appropriate wireless communication methods, or to next-generation systems that are expanded, modified, created, or defined based on these. It may also be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0403] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0404] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0405] The term "determining," as used in this disclosure, may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" may be considered to be judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, search, inquiry (e.g., looking up in a table, database, or another data structure), ascertaining, etc.

[0406] Additionally, "determining" may be considered to be "determining" receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc.

[0407] Furthermore, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" some action. In the present disclosure, "determination" may be read interchangeably with the above-mentioned actions.

[0408] Furthermore, in this disclosure, "determine / determining" may be interchangeably read as "assume / assuming," "expect / expecting," "consider / considering," etc. Furthermore, in this disclosure, "does not expect to do..." may be interchangeably read as "assumes not to do...."

[0409] In the present disclosure, "expect" may be interchangeably read as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." ("..." may be expressed, for example, as a that clause, a to-infinitive, etc.) may be interchangeably read as "be expected ...," "do ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. "does not expect ..." may be interchangeably read as "be not expected ...," "does not ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be interchangeably read as "an apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0410] The "maximum transmit power" in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0411] As used in this disclosure, the terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access."

[0412] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to one another using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., as well as using electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, light (both visible and invisible) range, etc., as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0413] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0414] When used in this disclosure, the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when used in this disclosure, the term "or" is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0415] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0416] In the present disclosure, terms such as "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than," "more than," "equal to," etc. may be interchangeable. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative, as expressions with the prefix "i-th" (i is any integer) (for example, "highest" may be interchangeable as "i-th highest").

[0417] In this disclosure, the terms "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," "associated with," etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0418] In the present disclosure, terms such as "when A, B," "if A, (then) B," "B upon A," "B in response to A," "B based on A," "B during / while A," "B before A," "B at (the same time as) / on A," "B after A," "B since A," and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Note that A, B, and the like herein may be replaced with appropriate expressions, such as nouns, gerunds, and regular sentences, depending on the context. Note that the time difference between A and B may be nearly zero (immediately after or immediately before). A time offset may be applied to the time at which A occurs. For example, "A" may be interchangeable with "before / after the time offset at which A occurs." The time offset (eg, one or more symbols / slots) may be predefined or may be specified by the UE based on signaled information.

[0419] In the present disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any time unit (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0420] Although the invention according to the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the invention according to the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure. The description of the present disclosure is for illustrative purposes only and does not impose any limiting meaning on the invention according to the present disclosure.

Claims

1. a control unit that controls generation of labels in data collection for terminal positioning; a transmitter that transmits the label; The measurement result for terminal positioning and the valid label are paired with the terminal.

2. The terminal of claim 1 , wherein the label and the measurement result are paired based on specific pairing conditions related to their respective timestamps.

3. The validity of the label is determined based on at least one of a timestamp of the label, movement information of the terminal, and a quality indicator; The terminal according to claim 1 , wherein the control unit controls the terminal to report a parameter for determining the validity of the label.

4. The validity of the label is determined based on surrounding environmental information; The terminal of claim 1 , wherein the ambient environment information includes at least one of a number of additional paths, a timing report granularity factor, and a number of measurement samples.

5. Controlling generation of labels in data collection for terminal positioning; transmitting the label; The measurement result for terminal positioning and the valid label are paired with a wireless communication method of the terminal.

6. a receiving unit for receiving a label in data collection for terminal positioning; a control unit that controls generation of measurement results for the terminal positioning, A base station with which the measurement result for terminal positioning and the valid label are paired.

Images