Mask

Abstract

To hardly cause a gap between a mask body and the face.SOLUTION: A mask M includes: a mask body 1; string-like ear hook parts 2 and 2 provided at a left end and a right end of the mask body 1; one or more left connection parts 3 and right connection parts 4, which connect the ear hook parts 2 and the mask body 1; and a nose fitter 5 provided to extend in a right-left direction in the mask body 1. Positions of a first left connection part 3a and a first right connection part 4a, which are positioned on the uppermost side, are shifted in a vertical direction from a position of the nose fitter 5. The mask M can be folded along at least one of folding lines F1 and F2 along the right-left direction so that the mask body 1 has a plurality of layers in which the nose fitter 5 does not belong to the same layer as the first left connection part 3a and the first right connection part 4a when being put on the face.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a mask. [Background technology]

[0002] Patent Document 1 discloses a pleated mask that covers the wearer's nostrils and mouth. The mask in Patent Document 1 includes a mask body with a breathable sheet material, a nose fitter built into the mask body, and ear loops for attaching the mask body to the face. The mask in Patent Document 1 uses pleats to adjust the shape of the mask to the shape of the wearer's face, and the nose fitter is deformed to fit the shape of the wearer's nose, stabilizing the attachment position of the mask body. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2021-110054 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] If a gap is formed between the face and the mask body, air and exhaled breath will enter and exit through the gap, preventing the mask body from fully functioning as a filter, and the exhaled breath will cause glasses to fog up, etc. For this reason, the wearer wears the mask by fitting the nose fitter to the nose and both sides of the wearer's nose, minimizing gaps between the mask and the face.

[0005] However, even if there is almost no gap when the mask is first worn, there is a problem that gaps can form between the face and the mask body around the nose and both sides as the wearer moves their face, especially when they move their mouth for breathing, talking, etc. Specifically, when the wearer moves their mouth, tension (pulling force) is applied to the ear loops attached to both sides of the mask body, and this tension pulls the nose fitter, which is in the same line as the ear loops, to the left and right. As a result, the nose fitter, which has been fitted around the nose and both sides, deforms so that it approaches a straight line along the direction of the tension on the ear loops, resulting in gaps between the nose fitter and the face.

[0006] In view of the above problem, an object of the present disclosure is to make it less likely that a gap will occur between the mask body and the face. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] A first aspect of the present disclosure relates to a mask M comprising a mask body 1, string-like ear loops 2 provided at the left and right ends of the mask body 1, one or more left connecting parts 3 provided at one or more locations at the left end of the mask body 1 to connect the ear loops 2 to the mask body 1, one or more right connecting parts 4 provided at one or more locations at the right end of the mask body 1 to connect the ear loops 2 to the mask body 1, and a nose fitter 5 provided to extend in the left-right direction on the mask body 1. If the uppermost left connecting portion 3 of the mask M is defined as the first left connecting portion 3a and the uppermost right connecting portion 4 is defined as the first right connecting portion 4a, then in the mask body 1, the positions of the first left connecting portion 3a and the first right connecting portion 4a are both offset in the vertical direction from the position of the nose fitter 5, and the mask M can be folded along at least one of the fold lines F1 to F3 along the left-right direction so that the mask body 1 is made up of multiple layers in which the nose fitter 5 does not belong to the same layer as either the first left connecting portion 3a or the first right connecting portion 4a.

[0008] In this first embodiment, the first left connecting portion 3a and the first right connecting portion 4a are both significantly offset in the vertical direction from the position of the nose fitter 5 on the mask body 1. The inventors of the present application discovered that by doing so, tension on the ear loops 2 is less likely to affect the nose fitter 5, thereby suppressing deformation that would cause the nose fitter 5 to no longer fit around the nose. Therefore, even if the wearer moves their mouth, for example, while talking, and tension is applied to the ear loops 2 as the mask body 1 moves, deformation of the nose fitter 5 due to that tension can be suppressed. In other words, according to the first embodiment, the nose fitter 5 is more likely to maintain a fit around the wearer's nose and both sides. As a result, gaps are less likely to form between the mask body 1 and the face.

[0009] In the second aspect, in the first aspect, the first left connecting portion 3a and the first right connecting portion 4a are both located below the position of the nose fitter 5 in the mask body 1, and the mask body 1 is configured with a first region R1 that includes a portion where the first left connecting portion 3a and the first right connecting portion 4a are provided and that covers at least the mouth of the wearer when worn, and a second region R2 that is located above the first region R1 and below the portion where the nose fitter 5 is provided, and that also extends across the entire left and right direction. The mask body 1 has a third region R3 that is positioned above the second region R2, includes the portion where the nose fitter 5 is provided, and extends across the entire left-right direction, positioned above the wearer's mouth when worn. If the boundary between the first region R1 and the second region R2 is defined as a first boundary line, and the boundary between the second region R2 and the third region R3 is defined as a second boundary line, when worn, the mask body 1 is folded into three layers in a Z shape when viewed left-right, with the first boundary line and the second boundary line as the fold lines F1, F2, so that the third region R3 is the layer closest to the face.

[0010] In this second embodiment, when the mask is worn, the mask body 1 is folded into three layers so that the third region R3, including the nose fitter 5, is the layer closest to the face, making it easier for the nose fitter 5 to fit around the wearer's nose and its surroundings. Even if the mask body 1 moves forward or up, down, left, or right in response to the wearer's mouth movements, the first region R1, which covers the wearer's mouth, is the region that is in direct contact with and affected by the wearer's mouth movements, so the nose fitter 5 in the third region R3 is less susceptible to the effects of the mouth movements. As a result, gaps are less likely to form between the mask body 1 and the face.

[0011] In the third aspect, in the second aspect, the mask body 1 further has a fourth region R4 above the third region R3 that extends across the entire left-right direction, and when the boundary between the third region R3 and the fourth region R4 is defined as a third boundary line, when worn, the mask body 1 is folded into four layers in an M shape when viewed left-right, with the first boundary line, the second boundary line, and the third boundary line serving as the fold lines F1 to F3, so that the fourth region R4 is the layer closest to the face.

[0012] In this third mode, when wearing the mask, the mask body 1 is folded into an M shape, and the layer of the fourth region R4 is positioned between the layer of the third region R3 and the wearer's face. The layer of the fourth region R4 fills the gap between the nose fitter 5 and the face, making it less likely that a gap will form between the mask body 1 and the face.

[0013] The fourth aspect is the second or third aspect, wherein the mask body 1 has a plurality of welding portions B, in which the upper end of the first region R1 and the lower end of the second region R2 are welded to each other, arranged at intervals along the fold line, which is the first boundary line.

[0014] In the fourth aspect, the mask body is provided with the welded portion B, which facilitates maintaining the mask folded along the fold line F1. For example, even when the wearer sneezes and the internal pressure between the layer including the first region R1 and the layer including the second region R2 increases, the layer including the second region R2 and the layer including the third region R3 are less likely to pop out of the mask body 1. That is, the fourth aspect facilitates maintaining the mask body 1 folded in a Z- or M-shape. This not only reduces the influence of tension on the ear loops 2 due to the wearer's mouth movements, but also reduces the influence of sudden fluctuations in internal pressure between the mask body 1 and the face. That is, the fourth aspect further facilitates suppressing deformation of the nose fitter 5, thereby further reducing the likelihood of a gap forming between the mask body 1 and the face. [Effects of the Invention]

[0015] According to the present disclosure, gaps are less likely to occur between the mask body and the face. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0016] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a front view showing a mask according to a first embodiment. [Figure 2] 2 is a diagram clearly showing first to third regions and folding lines in the mask shown in FIG. 1. FIG. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section taken along line III-III in FIGS. [Figure 4] FIG. 3 is a front view showing the folded state of the mask shown in FIGS. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a cut surface taken along line VV in FIG. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a cut surface taken along line VI-VI in FIGS. [Figure 7] FIG. 10 is a view corresponding to FIG. 2 of a mask according to a second embodiment. [Figure 8] FIG. 6 is a view corresponding to FIG. 5 of a mask according to a second embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0017] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following description of the preferred embodiments is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the present invention, its applications, or its uses.

[0018] (First embodiment) -Mask composition- 1 to 5 show a mask M according to a first embodiment. The mask M comprises a mask body 1 and a pair of stretchable and deformable string-like ear loops 2, 2. The ear loops 2, 2 are provided at the left and right ends of the mask body 1. The mask body 1 is made of any material, but may be made of nonwoven fabric, for example.

[0019] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the mask M has two left connecting portions 3 (3a, 3b) and right connecting portions 4 (4a, 4b) where the left and right ear loop portions 2 are connected to the mask main body 1. The ear loop portions 2, 2 are welded to the mask main body 1 at the left connecting portions 3 and right connecting portions 4. Hereinafter, of the two left connecting portions 3 (3a, 3b), the upper left connecting portion 3 will be referred to as the first left connecting portion 3a, and the lower left connecting portion 3 will be referred to as the second left connecting portion 3b. Furthermore, of the two right connecting portions 4 (4a, 4b), the upper right connecting portion 4 will be referred to as the first right connecting portion 4a, and the lower right connecting portion 4 will be referred to as the second right connecting portion 4b.

[0020] As shown in Figures 1 and 3, the mask body 1 is composed of a front sheet 1a and a back sheet 1b that are joined together at their peripheries and are overlapped. When the mask M is worn, the back sheet 1b faces the wearer's face. The front sheet 1a and the back sheet 1b are provided with pleats P that are formed by creases extending in the left-right direction. In this specification, the "front side" refers to the side opposite to the side on which the wearer's face is positioned when the mask M is worn, and the "back side" refers to the side on which the wearer's face is positioned when the mask M is worn. Figures 1, 2, and 4 show the mask M as viewed from the back sheet 1b side.

[0021] The mask M includes a nose fitter 5 provided between the front sheet 1a and the back sheet 1b. The nose fitter 5 is provided near the upper end of the mask body 1 so as to extend in the left-right direction. The front sheet 1a and the back sheet 1b are integrated with each other along dashed lines L extending in the left-right direction provided above and below the area where the nose fitter 5 is provided. The front sheet 1a and the back sheet 1b may be integrated with each other along the dashed line L by, for example, ultrasonic welding.

[0022] In the mask body 1, the positions of the first left connecting portion 3a and the first right connecting portion 4a are both offset downward from the position of the nose fitter 5. Specifically, the distance between the upper end of each of the first left connecting portion 3a and the first right connecting portion 4a and the extension line of the lower end of the nose fitter 5 is preferably at least equal to or greater than the vertical width of the nose fitter 5. Because the positions of the first left connecting portion 3a and the first right connecting portion 4a are offset downward from the position of the nose fitter 5, when wearing the mask M, the mask body 1 can be folded along two fold lines F1 and F2 along the left-right direction as shown in Figures 4 and 5.

[0023] In the folded state, the upper end of the mask body 1 has three layers, with the nose fitter 5 not belonging to the same layer as either the first left joint 3a or the first right joint 4a, as shown in Figures 4 and 5. Note that the "three layers" mentioned here are counted not by counting the front sheet 1a and the back sheet 1b as one layer, but by counting the entire thickness of the mask body 1 as one layer.

[0024] As shown in Fig. 2, the fold lines F1 and F2 run along the boundary lines between the first region R1, the second region R2, and the third region R3 of the mask body 1. The first region R1 includes the regions where the first left connecting portion 3a and the first right connecting portion 4a are provided, and is a region that extends across the entire left-right direction, covering at least the wearer's mouth when worn. The second region R2 is a region that extends across the entire left-right direction, located above the first region R1 and below the region where the nose fitter 5 is provided. The third region R3 is a region that extends across the entire left-right direction, located above the second region R2, includes the region where the nose fitter 5 is provided, and is positioned above the wearer's mouth when worn.

[0025] The fold line F1 is a boundary line (first boundary line) between the first region R1 and the second region R2, and the fold line F2 is a boundary line (second boundary line) between the second region R2 and the third region R3. The mask body 1 is folded along these fold lines F1 and F2 into three layers in a Z-shape when viewed from the left and right, as shown in Fig. 5, so that the third region R3 is the layer closest to the face.

[0026] The mask body 1 has four welded portions B, where the upper end of the first region R1 and the lower end of the second region R2 are welded together. The four welded portions B are spaced apart in the left-right direction along fold line F1. As shown in FIG. 6, at each welded portion B, the front side is locally mountain-folded and the back side (the side where the wearer's face is located) is locally valley-folded, and the front sheet 1a and the back sheet 1b are integrated. Therefore, the mask body 1 is folded along fold line F1 where the welded portions B are provided.

[0027] The mask M does not need to be folded when manufactured, and the position of the nose fitter 5 may be offset vertically from the first left connecting portion 3a and the first right connecting portion 4a to such an extent that the mask M can be folded into three layers as shown in Figures 4 and 5 when worn. For example, the mask M may not be folded immediately after manufacture, and may be folded when worn by the wearer. Reference lines for the fold lines F1 and F2 may also be indicated on the mask body 1.

[0028] -Mask manufacturing method- The mask M can be manufactured by, for example, a general mask manufacturing method such as the following. A roll of nonwoven fabric that will become the mask body 1 is unwound while creasing it to form pleats P. The unwound nonwoven fabric is then cut to a predetermined length, and a nose fitter 5 is attached to produce the mask body 1. Next, the ear loops 2, 2 are attached to the mask body 1, and the mask body 1 is folded along the fold line F1 to form a welded portion B on the fold line F1 as shown in Figure 6, completing the mask M. At this time, the left and right joints 3 and 4 between the mask body 1 and the ear loops 2, 2 are both positioned vertically offset from the nose fitter 5.

[0029] -Action and effect- In this embodiment, the first left connecting portion 3a and the first right connecting portion 4a are both significantly offset in the vertical direction from the position of the nose fitter 5 on the mask body 1. The inventors of the present application discovered that by doing so, tension applied to the ear loops 2 is less likely to affect the nose fitter 5, thereby suppressing deformation that would cause the nose fitter 5 to malfunction. In particular, when wearing the mask M, the mask body 1 is folded along at least one fold line F1, F2 along the left-right direction so that the nose fitter 5 is in a multi-layer configuration that does not belong to the same layer as either the first left connecting portion 3a or the first right connecting portion 4a. This significantly reduces the effect of tension applied to the ear loops 2 on the nose fitter 5. Therefore, even if the wearer moves their mouth, for example, while talking, and tension is applied to the ear loops 2 as the mask body 1 moves, deformation of the nose fitter 5 due to that tension can be suppressed. In other words, according to the first aspect, the nose fitter 5 is more likely to maintain a fit around the wearer's nose and both sides. As a result, gaps are less likely to occur between the mask body 1 and the face.

[0030] Conventional techniques have attempted to fill the gap between the mask body and the nose by attaching components such as cushions or pads between the mask body and the nose. However, such conventional techniques have problems such as the gap not being filled because the components do not fit everyone's nose shape, the mask body being bulky and therefore inconvenient to carry, high logistics and manufacturing costs, and laborious manufacturing. In contrast, the mask M according to the present embodiment can be easily adapted to everyone's nose shape by modifying the nose fitter 5, and is not bulky, making it easy to carry and reducing logistics costs. Furthermore, as described above, the mask M according to the present embodiment can be manufactured using almost the same manufacturing methods as general masks, making it easy to manufacture and reducing manufacturing costs. As described above, the mask M according to the present embodiment has various advantages over conventional techniques.

[0031] In this embodiment, when the mask is worn, the mask body 1 is folded into three layers so that the third region R3, including the nose fitter 5, is the layer closest to the face, making it easier for the nose fitter 5 to fit around the wearer's nose and its surroundings. Even if the mask body 1 moves forward or up, down, left, or right in response to the wearer's mouth movements, the first region R1, which covers the mouth, is the region that is in direct contact with and affected by the mouth movements, so the nose fitter 5 in the third region R3 is less susceptible to the effects of the mouth movements. As a result, gaps are less likely to form between the mask body 1 and the face.

[0032] 5, the mask M is used in a folded state in which the third region R3 where the nose fitter 5 is located is the innermost layer, the second region R2 is the middle layer, and the first region R1 is the outermost layer. Therefore, the wearer's exhaled breath is captured between the middle layer (second region R2) and the outermost layer (first region R1). Therefore, even if the exhaled breath passes through the filter of the mask body 1 and blows upward from the upper end of the mask body 1, the force of the breath is weakened. As a result, the wearer's eyeglasses can be prevented from fogging up.

[0033] In this embodiment, the mask body 1 is folded along the fold line F1 where the welded portion B is provided. This has at least the following four advantages. First, the mask body 1 is folded, making the mask M more compact than when it is unfolded and unfolded. This saves space when multiple masks M are displayed as merchandise, and the masks are not bulky, making them convenient to carry and facilitating the distribution of many masks M. Second, the wearer does not need to fold the mask body 1 along the fold line F1 when putting on the mask M, making putting on the mask less time-consuming. Third, the mask M can be removed from a package without touching the back side of the mask body 1, reducing the wearer's chances of touching the back side of the mask body 1 and making it more hygienic. The fourth advantage is that even when the wearer sneezes or the like and the internal pressure between the layer to which the first region R1 belongs and the layer to which the second region R2 belongs increases, the folded state along the fold line F1 is likely to be maintained, and the layer to which the second region R2 belongs and the layer to which the third region R3 belongs are less likely to pop out above the mask body 1.

[0034] However, when providing the welded portion B, care must be taken to ensure that the relationship between the layer to which the first region R1 belongs and the layer to which the second region R2 belongs is not too fixed, so that the layer to which the third region R3 belongs does not become easily affected by the tension of the ear hook portion 2.

[0035] In this embodiment, the welded portions B are arranged in a line at intervals along the fold line F1, which prevents the relationship between the layer containing the first region R1 and the layer containing the second region R2 from being excessively fixed. In other words, the provision of the welded portions B limits the freedom of movement (deformation) of the mask body 1 to the minimum necessary to maintain the folded state along the fold line F1, thereby maintaining the aforementioned effect of making the layer containing the third region R3 less susceptible to the tension of the ear loops 2.

[0036] The number of welded portions B does not need to be four as in this embodiment, but from the viewpoint of making it easier to maintain the mask body 1 in the folded state as described above, two or more are preferable, and four is more preferable.

[0037] (Second embodiment) The following describes the configuration of the second embodiment that differs from the first embodiment, with reference to Figures 7 and 8. In Figures 7 and 8, the same reference numerals as in the first embodiment are used for the configurations that are common to the first embodiment.

[0038] In the mask M according to this embodiment, the mask body 1 further includes a fourth region extending across the entire left-right direction above the third region R3, as shown in Fig. 7. If the boundary between the third region R3 and the fourth region R4 is defined as the third boundary line, when worn, the mask M is folded into four layers in an M shape when viewed left-right, with the first boundary line, second boundary line, and third boundary line defined as fold lines F1 to F3, so that the fourth region R4 is the layer closest to the face, as shown in Fig. 8.

[0039] In this embodiment, when wearing the mask M, the mask body 1 is folded into an M shape, and the layer of the fourth region R4 is positioned between the layer of the third region R3 and the wearer's face. The layer of the fourth region R4 fills the gap between the nose fitter 5 and the face, making it less likely that a gap will form between the mask body 1 and the face.

[0040] In this embodiment, as shown in Fig. 8, the layer located on the innermost side (closest to the wearer's face) and the layer provided with the nose fitter 5 located immediately on the outer side thereof are valley-folded when viewed from the direction of the wearer's mouth (the right side in Fig. 8). As a result, the breath exhaled from the wearer's mouth when breathing, sneezing, etc. is easily captured between the innermost layer and the layer provided with the nose fitter 5, and the pressure of the captured breath makes the innermost layer more likely to stick to the wearer's face. As a result, the breath is less likely to leak upward from the upper end of the mask body 1.

[0041] In this embodiment, as shown in Fig. 8, the nose fitter 5 is not provided on the innermost layer (the side closest to the wearer's face) that comes into contact with the wearer's face. In other words, the mask fabric on the innermost layer acts as a cushion, and the nose and its surrounding area, which come into contact with the upper end of the mask body 1 on the wearer's face, do not feel the hardness of the nose fitter 5, making the mask M more comfortable to wear.

[0042] (Other embodiments) In the above-described embodiments, the mask body 1 is folded when worn, but the mask M according to the present disclosure does not necessarily need to be folded when worn. The mask M according to the present disclosure only needs to have the nose fitter 5 positioned vertically offset from the first left and right connecting portions 3a and 4a to such an extent that the mask M can be folded along at least one fold line along the left-right direction so that the nose fitter 5 is in a multi-layer structure that does not belong to the same layer as either the first left connecting portion 3a or the first right connecting portion 4a. Furthermore, in the mask body 1, both the first left connecting portion 3a and the first right connecting portion 4a may be positioned upward from the nose fitter 5.

[0043] Furthermore, when the mask M is folded for use, the folded state does not have to be three layers as shown in Figures 4 and 5, but may be two layers: a layer of nose fitter 5 and a layer of first left connecting portion 3a and first right connecting portion 4a.

[0044] In each of the above-described embodiments, the mask body 1 is composed of a front sheet 1a and a back sheet 1b, but as long as a nose fitter 5 can be provided, the mask body 1 may be composed of one sheet or three or more sheets.

[0045] The number of connecting parts 3, 4 between each of the pair of left and right ear hooks 2, 2 and the mask body 1 does not need to be two on the left and right sides, but may be, for example, one on each side or three on each side.

[0046] In each of the above-described embodiments, the mask body 1 is provided with the welded portion B, but the welded portion B may be omitted. [Industrial Applicability]

[0047] The present invention is useful as a mask. [Explanation of symbols]

[0048] M Mask 1 Mask body 1a Front sheet 1b Back sheet 2 Ear hook 3 Left join part 3a 1st left joint 3b 2nd left joint 4 Right joint 4a 1st right joint 4b 2nd right joint 5 Nose Fitter R1 1st area R2 2nd area R3 3rd area R4 4th area F1 broken line (first boundary line) F2 fold line (second boundary line) F3 broken line (third boundary line) B Welded area L dashed line P pleats

Claims

1. The mask body and String-like ear loops provided at the left and right ends of the mask body, respectively; one or more left joining portions provided at one or more locations on the left end of the mask body, which join the ear loop portions and the mask body; one or more right connecting portions provided at one or more locations on the right end portion of the mask body, which connect the ear loop portion and the mask body; a nose fitter provided on the mask body so as to extend in the left-right direction; A mask comprising: When the uppermost left coupling portion is defined as a first left coupling portion and the uppermost right coupling portion is defined as a first right coupling portion, the positions of the first left coupling portion and the first right coupling portion in the mask body are both offset in the up-down direction from the position of the nose fitter, A mask that can be folded along at least one fold line along the left-right direction so that the mask body is made up of multiple layers in which the nose fitter does not belong to the same layer as either the first left joint portion or the first right joint portion.

2. 2. The mask of claim 1, the first left coupling portion and the first right coupling portion are both located below the position of the nose fitter on the mask body, The mask body includes: a first region extending across the entire left-right direction, including a region where the first left coupling portion and the first right coupling portion are provided and which covers at least the wearer's mouth when worn; a second region that is located above the first region and below the portion where the nose fitter is provided, and that extends across the entire left-right direction; a third region that is positioned above the second region, includes a portion where the nose fitter is provided, and extends across the entire left-right direction, and is positioned above the wearer's mouth when worn; and and When the boundary between the first region and the second region is defined as a first boundary line and the boundary between the second region and the third region is defined as a second boundary line, the mask body, when worn, is folded into three layers in a Z-shape when viewed from the left to right, with the first boundary line and the second boundary line as the fold lines, so that the third region is the layer closest to the face.

3. 3. The mask of claim 2, The mask body further has a fourth region above the third region that extends across the entire left-right direction, and when the boundary between the third region and the fourth region is defined as a third boundary line, the mask is folded into four layers in an M shape when viewed left-right, with the first boundary line, the second boundary line, and the third boundary line as the fold lines, so that the fourth region is the layer closest to the face.

4. 4. The mask according to claim 2 or 3, The mask body has a plurality of welded portions, in which the upper end of the first region and the lower end of the second region are welded to each other, arranged at intervals along the fold line, which is the first boundary line.

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