Terminal, communication method, and integrated circuit

Abstract

To improve an accuracy of an uplink transmission power control.SOLUTION: A terminal includes: a reception circuit that receives, from a second node, information related to determination of a parameter used for open-loop control for a first node; and a control circuit that performs the open-loop control based on the information. The open loop control is an uplink transmission power control for the first node, and the parameter is a parameter related to a path loss between the terminal and the first node. The control circuit determines the path loss between the terminal and the first node based on the information and performs the uplink transmission power control based on the determined path loss.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal and a communication method. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, the expansion and diversification of wireless services has led to expectations for the dramatic development of the Internet of Things (IoT). Mobile communications are expanding from smartphones and other information terminals to a wide range of applications, including automobiles, homes, home appliances, and industrial equipment. To support this diversification, significant improvements in the performance and functionality of mobile communication systems are required, addressing various requirements, such as increased system capacity, an increased number of connected devices, and low latency. Fifth-generation mobile communication systems (5G) will provide flexible wireless communications to meet a wide variety of needs through enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), and ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC).

[0003] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), an international standardization organization, is working on the specification of New Radio (NR) as one of the 5G wireless interfaces. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0004] [Non-Patent Document 1] 3GPP TS 38.213 V15.9.0, "NR; Physical layer procedure for control (Release 15)," March 2020. Summary of the Invention

[0005] However, there is room for further study regarding uplink (UL) transmission power control.

[0006] Non-limiting examples of the present disclosure contribute to providing a terminal and a communication method that improve the accuracy of uplink transmission power control.

[0007] A terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure includes a receiving circuit that receives information from a second node regarding determination of parameters to be used for open-loop control of a first node, and a control circuit that performs the open-loop control based on the information.

[0008] These comprehensive or specific aspects may be realized as a system, an apparatus, a method, an integrated circuit, a computer program, or a recording medium, or may be realized as any combination of a system, an apparatus, a method, an integrated circuit, a computer program, and a recording medium.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the accuracy of uplink transmission power control can be improved.

[0010] Further advantages and benefits of an embodiment of the present disclosure will become apparent from the specification and drawings. Such advantages and / or benefits may be provided by some of the embodiments and features described in the specification and drawings, respectively, but not necessarily all of them may be provided to obtain one or more identical features. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0011] [Figure 1] An example of an ultra-high density distributed network [Figure 2] Block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a part of a terminal [Figure 3] Block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station [Figure 4] Block diagram showing an example of a terminal configuration [Figure 5]Flowchart showing an example of the operation of the terminal according to the first embodiment [Figure 6] Flowchart showing an example of the operation of a terminal according to the second embodiment [Figure 7] Flowchart showing an example of the operation of a terminal according to the third embodiment [Figure 8] Flowchart showing an example of the operation of a terminal according to the fourth embodiment [Figure 9] Flowchart showing an example of the operation of a terminal according to the fifth embodiment [Figure 10] Diagram of an example architecture of a 3GPP NR system [Figure 11] Schematic diagram showing functional separation between NG-RAN and 5GC [Figure 12] Sequence diagram of the Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection setup / reconfiguration procedure [Figure 13] Schematic diagram showing usage scenarios for enhanced Mobile BroadBand (eMBB), massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC), and Ultra Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC). [Figure 14] Block diagram illustrating an exemplary 5G system architecture for a non-roaming scenario DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0012] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[0013] In the future, for example, further development of 5G or technological development of 6th generation mobile communication systems (6G) is expected. NR can utilize, for example, frequency bands below 6 GHz, such as 700 MHz to 3.5 GHz (also referred to as Frequency Range 1 (FR1)), which have been used for cellular communications, as well as millimeter wave bands such as 28 GHz or 39 GHz (also referred to as FR2), which can ensure wide bandwidth. Furthermore, for example, in FR1, a higher frequency band than that used in Long Term Evolution (LTE) or 3G (3rd Generation mobile communication systems), such as the 3.5 GHz band, may be used. The higher the frequency band, the greater the radio wave propagation loss, and the more likely it is that radio wave reception quality will deteriorate. For this reason, when NR uses a frequency band higher than that of LTE or 3G, methods are being considered to ensure a communication area (or coverage) comparable to that of radio access technologies (RATs) such as LTE or 3G, in other words, to ensure appropriate communication quality.

[0014] In addition, improvements in uplink performance are expected to be made in order to transmit various real-time information to the cloud or artificial intelligence (AI) on a server, in response to trends such as industrial use cases or cyber-physical integration.

[0015] [Ultra-high density distributed network] To cope with the ever-increasing mobile traffic and provide various communication services with different quality requirements, it is expected that the Radio Access Network (RAN) will become more advanced.

[0016] One approach to the advancement of RAN is, for example, ultra-high density of transmission and reception points (e.g., TRPs) and a distributed network (e.g., referred to as an "ultra-high density distributed network" or "ultra-high density RAN"). Figure 1 is a diagram showing an example of an ultra-high density distributed network.

[0017] In an ultra-high density distributed network, for example, communication can be performed at closer distances or in a line-of-sight environment, and more communication paths (or transmission / reception points) can be formed, thereby increasing the scope for communication path (or transmission / reception point) selection and improving redundancy, thereby improving coverage and communication quality.

[0018] Furthermore, in an ultra-high density distributed network, for example, from the viewpoint of system scalability and flexibility, it is expected that users (or terminals) will not belong to any cell (or base station) as in a cellular network, but will instead select a transmission / reception point or wireless access system that is appropriate for the user to communicate.

[0019] For example, the configurable transmission power of a base station (also referred to as a node, access point, or gNB) and a terminal (or User Equipment (UE)) is different. For this reason, it is assumed that the transmission / reception point appropriate for a terminal (or user) is different between the downlink (DL) and the uplink (UL). Also, for example, an operation is possible in which a terminal receives a signal from one transmission point (also referred to as a transmission point, Tx point, node, or access point) in the downlink, and multiple reception points (also referred to as a reception point, Rx point, node, or access point) receive signals from the terminal in the uplink.

[0020] In addition, in an ultra-high density distributed network, it is also expected that operations will be combined with, for example, cooperation with high frequency bands, wireless sensing, or wireless power supply.

[0021] In operation in conjunction with high frequency bands, for example, beam control may be performed. In beam control, for example, a reference signal (e.g., Channel State Information - Reference Signal (CSI-RS)) for each beam may be transmitted from a transmission point so that a terminal can select an appropriate beam. On the other hand, in an ultra-high density distributed network, for example, suppression of interference between multiple transmission points is expected. Here, suppressing interference using technical methods such as beam control may complicate network operation, so it is expected that, for example, no (or reduced) transmission of reference signals from transmission points will be considered.

[0022] In addition, in operations combined with wireless sensing, for example, a receiving station (e.g., a receive-only terminal) that has the configuration or function to receive signals from a sensor such as an alarm system but does not have the configuration or function for transmission processing can be used as an uplink-only receiving point. Note that not having a "configuration or function" may include having that "configuration or function" physically but not being in an "available" state (the same applies hereinafter).

[0023] In addition, when combined with wireless power supply, for example, it is possible to use the downlink for power transmission from a transmission point to a terminal and the uplink for communication. Also, there is room for consideration to incorporate a receiver-only terminal that receives broadcast radio waves, such as a television or radio device, into a part of an ultra-high density distributed network by using it as a dedicated uplink receiving point for communication.

[0024] For example, a transmission power control function may be implemented in uplink transmission. In uplink transmission power control, for example, by not increasing the transmission power of each terminal beyond a required value, the influence of interference in the same channel or interference between adjacent channels can be reduced, and as a result, the frequency utilization efficiency of the system can be improved. In NR, for example, transmission power control of an uplink shared channel (PUSCH: Physical Uplink Shared Channel) may be realized by the following equation (1) (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1):

number

[0025] In equation (1), P PUSCH (i,j,q d , l) denotes the transmission power of the PUSCH at transmission opportunity i. CMAX denotes the maximum transmission power, and P O_PUSCH (j) indicates the target received power set in the terminal. 10 (2 μ M RB PUSCH (i)) indicates a term calculated based on the PUSCH transmission bandwidth, and 2 μ indicates the coefficient due to the subcarrier spacing (SCS), and M RB PUSCH (i) indicates the number of allocated resource blocks (RBs), and α(j) indicates the path loss compensation coefficient set in the terminal, and PL(q d ) indicates the path loss between the terminal and the base station estimated from the downlink reference signal, and Δ TF (i) indicates parameters related to the Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) set in the terminal, and f(i, l) indicates the cumulative value of the correction coefficient for closed-loop transmission power control.

[0026] In addition, in equation (1), i is an index indicating a PUSCH transmission opportunity, and j is a transmission power control parameter set (for example, P O_PUSCH (j) and α(j)), and q d is the index of the downlink reference signal for path loss estimation, and l is the index indicating the closed-loop transmit power loop process.

[0027] As described above, in an ultra-dense distributed network, for example, there may be cases where a reference signal is not transmitted from a receiving point (e.g., a base station, a node, or an access point) of an uplink signal, or where the receiving point does not have a transmission function. In these cases, a terminal may not be able to estimate a path loss between the terminal and the receiving point (e.g., a base station) based on the downlink reference signal. In such cases, the terminal may not be able to appropriately control the uplink transmission power, which may result in a decrease in transmission quality or a decrease in the frequency utilization efficiency of the system.

[0028] In NR, for example, multiple transmission power control parameter sets (e.g., P O_PUSCH In NR, the terminal can be dynamically notified of the transmission power control parameter set j to be used by the terminal in, for example, a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) Resource Indicator (SRI) field of downlink control information (e.g., DCI: Downlink Control Information) that schedules uplink data transmission.

[0029] When it is difficult for a terminal to estimate the path loss between the terminal and the reception point, such as when a reference signal is not transmitted from the reception point of an uplink signal or when the reception point does not have a transmission function, a method of performing transmission power control that does not depend on the path loss can be used. This method can be realized, for example, by configuring a transmission power control parameter set including at least α(j)=0 in equation (1) in the terminal, and notifying the terminal of an SRI value (e.g., j) associated with the transmission power control parameter set including α(j)=0 in the SRI field of DCI that schedules uplink data transmission.

[0030] However, in transmission power control that does not depend on path loss, for example, path loss between a terminal and a receiving point is not compensated for, which may result in degradation of uplink transmission quality.

[0031] Furthermore, the above-mentioned switching to transmission power control that is not dependent on path loss due to SRI is applicable, for example, to a DCI format that includes an SRI field (e.g., DCI format 0-1) or a DCI in which an SRI field is set, but it may be difficult to apply to uplink transmissions scheduled using a DCI format that does not include an SRI field (e.g., DCI format 0-0).

[0032] Furthermore, for example, in uplink transmission not scheduled by DCI (e.g., Configured grant (CG) transmission), information on the transmission power control parameter set to be used is included in the higher layer notification that sets the Configured grant transmission. Therefore, in uplink transmission not scheduled by DCI, it may be difficult to dynamically switch to transmission power control that does not depend on path loss.

[0033] In addition, in an ultra-high density distributed network, for example, it is possible that an appropriate reception point is dynamically selected. Therefore, for example, when a transmission power control parameter set is determined based on SRI, the uplink transmission power may not be appropriately controlled, and the transmission quality or the frequency utilization efficiency of the system may be reduced.

[0034] In one non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure, for example, a method for improving the accuracy of transmission power control by compensating for path loss between a terminal and a receiving point (for example, a base station) will be described.

[0035] For example, the terminal may receive information for determining (e.g., calculating) the path loss (or a value equivalent to the path loss) between the first node and the terminal from a transmission / reception point (or a reception point, e.g., a first node) other than the transmission / reception point (or reception point, e.g., a first node) that is the target of transmitting the uplink signal. The terminal may, for example, calculate the path loss between the first node and the terminal based on the received information, and perform uplink transmission power control (e.g., determination of the transmission power) based on the calculated path loss.

[0036] As a result, for example, in one non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure, in cases where it is difficult for a terminal to estimate the path loss between the terminal and the reception point, such as when a reference signal is not transmitted from the reception point of an uplink signal or when the reception point does not have a transmission function, which are assumed in an ultra-high density distributed network, it is possible to estimate the path loss (or a value equivalent to the path loss) between the terminal and the reception point to which the uplink signal is to be transmitted, and appropriate transmission power control can be performed.

[0037] (Embodiment 1) [Communication System Overview] A communication system according to each embodiment of the present disclosure includes a base station 100 and a terminal 200.

[0038] 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a portion of a terminal 200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In the terminal 200 illustrated in FIG. 2, a receiver 201 (e.g., corresponding to a receiver circuit) receives information related to determining a parameter (e.g., path loss) used for open-loop control (e.g., uplink transmission power control) for a first node from a second node. A controller 205 (e.g., corresponding to a control circuit) performs the closed-loop control based on the information.

[0039] [Base station configuration] Fig. 3 is a block diagram showing an example configuration of a base station 100 according to embodiment 1. In Fig. 3, the base station 100 includes a control unit 101, a higher control signal generation unit 102, a downlink control information generation unit 103, an encoding unit 104, a modulation unit 105, a signal allocation unit 106, a transmission unit 107, a reception unit 108, an extraction unit 109, a demodulation unit 110, and a decoding unit 111.

[0040] The base station 100 may be, for example, a "first node" that is a receiving point to which the terminal 200 transmits an uplink signal, or may be a "second node" different from the first node.

[0041] The "second node" may be, for example, a macrocell base station or a node capable of transmitting a downlink signal. The second node may have, for example, a configuration related to transmission processing (or a transmitter) shown in FIG. 3 (for example, a control unit 101, a higher-level control signal generation unit 102, a downlink control information generation unit 103, an encoding unit 104, a modulation unit 105, a signal allocation unit 106, and a transmission unit 107). The second node may also have, for example, a configuration related to reception processing (or a receiver) shown in FIG. 3 (for example, a reception unit 108, an extraction unit 109, a demodulation unit 110, and a decoding unit 111).

[0042] On the other hand, the "first node" may be, for example, a node that does not transmit a reference signal, or a node whose reception point does not have a transmission function. The first node may have a configuration for reception processing, but not the configuration for transmission processing shown in FIG. 3. The first node may perform the processing after the reception processing shown in FIG. 3 in a second node or a central processing station (not shown) connected to the first node. For example, the first node and the second node or the central processing station may be connected by a wire such as optical fiber, or may be connected wirelessly.

[0043] Note that the first node may have, for example, the same configuration as the second node, for both the transmission processing and the reception processing shown in Fig. 3. When the first node is a target reception point to which an uplink signal is transmitted from terminal 200, the first node does not need to transmit a reference signal to terminal 200 that transmits the uplink signal, for example.

[0044] In FIG. 3, a control unit 101 determines information relating to uplink transmission power control for terminal 200, and outputs the determined information to an upper control signal generation unit 102 or a downlink control information generation unit 103, for example.

[0045] The information relating to uplink transmission power control output to the higher-level control signal generator 102 may include, for example, information relating to the location information of the transmission / reception points, or information relating to the transmission power control parameter set.

[0046] The information relating to uplink transmission power control output to the downlink control information generating unit 103 may include, for example, the SRI value.

[0047] Furthermore, the control unit 101 determines information related to a downlink signal for transmitting, for example, a higher control signal (for example, an RRC signal) or downlink control information (for example, DCI). The information related to the downlink signal may include, for example, information such as a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) and radio resource allocation. The control unit 101 outputs the determined information to, for example, the encoding unit 104, the modulation unit 105, and the signal allocation unit 106. Furthermore, the control unit 101 outputs information related to the downlink signal, such as, for example, a higher control signal, to the downlink control information generation unit 103.

[0048] Furthermore, the control unit 101 determines, for example, information (e.g., modulation and coding scheme (MCS) and radio resource allocation) regarding the uplink signal used by the terminal 200 to transmit an uplink data signal (e.g., PUSCH), and outputs the determined information to the higher-level control signal generation unit 102, the downlink control information generation unit 103, the extraction unit 109, the demodulation unit 110, and the decoding unit 111.

[0049] The higher-layer control signal generating unit 102 generates a higher-layer control signal bit sequence based on, for example, information input from the control unit 101, and outputs the higher-layer control signal bit sequence to the encoding unit 104. Note that the higher-layer control signal may be, for example, cell-specific (in other words, terminal-shared) broadcast information or terminal-specific information.

[0050] The downlink control information generating unit 103 generates a downlink control information (e.g., DCI) bit string based on, for example, information input from the control unit 101, and outputs the generated DCI bit string to the encoding unit 104. Note that the control information may be transmitted to multiple terminals.

[0051] For example, based on information input from the control unit 101, the coding unit 104 codes the bit sequence input from the higher control signal generation unit 102 or the DCI bit sequence input from the downlink control information generation unit 103. The coding unit 104 outputs the coded bit sequence to the modulation unit 105.

[0052] The modulation unit 105 modulates the coded bit sequence input from the coding unit 104, for example, based on information input from the control unit 101, and outputs the modulated signal (for example, a symbol sequence) to the signal allocation unit 106.

[0053] The signal allocation unit 106 maps the symbol sequence (including, for example, a control signal) input from the modulation unit 105 to the radio resource based on, for example, information indicating the radio resource input from the control unit 101. The signal allocation unit 106 outputs the downlink signal onto which the signal has been mapped to the transmission unit 107.

[0054] For example, transmitting unit 107 performs a transmission waveform generation process such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) on the signal input from signal allocation unit 106. Furthermore, in the case of OFDM transmission that adds a cyclic prefix (CP), transmitting unit 107 performs an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) process on the signal and adds a CP to the signal after IFFT. Furthermore, transmitting unit 107 performs RF processing such as D / A conversion and up-conversion on the signal, and transmits the radio signal to terminal 200 via an antenna.

[0055] The receiving unit 108 performs RF processing such as downconvert or A / D conversion on an uplink signal received from the terminal 200 via an antenna. In addition, in the case of OFDM transmission, the receiving unit 108 performs Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing on the received signal, and outputs the resulting frequency domain signal to the extracting unit 109.

[0056] The extraction unit 109 extracts a radio resource portion from which an uplink signal (e.g., a PUSCH) transmitted by the terminal 200 is transmitted, based on information input from the control unit 101, for example, and outputs the extracted radio resource portion to the demodulation unit 110.

[0057] The demodulation unit 110 demodulates the uplink signal (for example, PUSCH) input from the extraction unit 109, based on, for example, information input from the control unit 101. The demodulation unit 110 outputs the demodulation result to the decoding unit 111, for example.

[0058] The decoding unit 111 performs error correction decoding of an uplink signal (e.g., PUSCH) based on, for example, information input from the control unit 101 and the demodulation result input from the demodulation unit 110, and obtains a decoded received bit sequence (e.g., UL data signal).

[0059] [Device configuration] 4 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a terminal 200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, in FIG. 4, the terminal 200 includes a receiving unit 201, an extracting unit 202, a demodulating unit 203, a decoding unit 204, a control unit 205, an encoding unit 206, a modulating unit 207, a signal allocating unit 208, and a transmitting unit 209.

[0060] The receiving unit 201 receives, for example, a downlink signal (e.g., an upper control signal or downlink control information) from the base station 100 via an antenna, and performs RF processing such as downconvert or A / D conversion on the radio received signal to obtain a received signal (e.g., a baseband signal). When receiving an OFDM signal, the receiving unit 201 performs FFT processing on the received signal to convert it into the frequency domain. The receiving unit 201 outputs the received signal to the extracting unit 202.

[0061] For example, based on information relating to the radio resource of the downlink control information input from the control unit 205, the extraction unit 202 extracts a radio resource portion that may include the downlink control information from the received signal input from the receiving unit 201, and outputs the extracted radio resource portion to the demodulation unit 203. Furthermore, based on information relating to the radio resource of the data signal input from the control unit 205, the extraction unit 202 extracts a radio resource portion that includes a higher control signal, and outputs the extracted radio resource portion to the demodulation unit 203.

[0062] Demodulation section 203 demodulates the signal input from extraction section 202 based on information input from control section 205 , for example, and outputs the demodulation result to decoding section 204 .

[0063] The decoding unit 204 performs error correction decoding on the demodulation result input from the demodulation unit 203, and obtains, for example, an upper layer control signal or downlink control information. The decoding unit 204 outputs the upper layer control signal and the downlink control information to the control unit 205.

[0064] The control unit 205 determines radio resources for downlink reception based on, for example, information (e.g., MCS and radio resource allocation) related to a downlink signal (e.g., upper layer control signal and downlink control information) obtained from the signal input from the decoding unit 204. The control unit 205 outputs the determined information to, for example, the extraction unit 202 and the demodulation unit 203.

[0065] Furthermore, the control unit 205 determines radio resources for uplink transmission, for example, based on information about uplink data (for example, MCS and radio resource allocation) obtained from the signal input from the decoding unit 204. The control unit 205 outputs the determined information to, for example, the coding unit 206, the modulation unit 207, and the signal allocation unit 208.

[0066] In addition, the control unit 205 determines the uplink transmission power based on information regarding uplink transmission power control, for example, obtained from a higher layer control signal and downlink control information, and outputs the determined information to the transmission unit 209.

[0067] The encoding unit 206 encodes an uplink signal (for example, an uplink data signal) based on information input from the control unit 205, and outputs the encoded bit string to the modulation unit 207.

[0068] The modulation unit 207 modulates the coded bit sequence input from the coding unit 206 based on information input from the control unit 205, for example, and outputs the modulated signal (symbol sequence) to the signal allocation unit 208.

[0069] The signal allocation unit 208 maps the signal input from the modulation unit 207 to radio resources based on, for example, information input from the control unit 205, and outputs the uplink signal onto which the signal has been mapped to the transmission unit 209.

[0070] Transmitting unit 209 generates a transmission signal waveform, such as OFDM, for the signal input from signal allocating unit 208. Furthermore, in the case of OFDM transmission using a CP, for example, transmitting unit 209 performs IFFT processing on the signal and adds a CP to the signal after IFFT. Alternatively, when transmitting unit 209 generates a single-carrier waveform, a DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) unit may be added (not shown) after modulating unit 207 or before signal allocating unit 208, for example. Furthermore, transmitting unit 209 performs RF processing, such as D / A conversion and up-conversion, on the transmission signal, and transmits the radio signal to base station 100 via an antenna.

[0071] Furthermore, the transmitting unit 209 may transmit a radio signal to the base station 100 based on information on transmission power input from the control unit 205, for example.

[0072] [Example of Operation of Base Station 100 and Terminal 200] An example of the operation of base station 100 and terminal 200 having the above configuration will be described.

[0073] In this embodiment, for example, terminal 200 may calculate the path loss between terminal 200 and a reception point (for example, a first node) based on the distance between the position of terminal 200 and the position of the reception point. Furthermore, terminal 200 may determine the uplink transmission power based on the calculated path loss value, for example.

[0074] FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of operation related to transmission of an uplink signal in terminal 200 according to the present embodiment.

[0075] For example, the second node may notify the terminal 200 of the location information (for example, latitude and longitude) of the transmission / reception point, and the terminal 200 may acquire the location information of the transmission / reception point from the second node (S101).

[0076] The location information of the transmission / reception points may include, for example, location information of the first node. For example, the second node may notify terminal 200 of location information of nodes (for example, transmission / reception points) included in a cell (or area) that it manages including the second node. The notification of the location information may be, for example, notification by broadcast information or notification by a terminal-specific upper layer.

[0077] The terminal 200 may measure location information of the terminal 200 (S102), for example. The location information of the terminal 200 may be a location estimate estimated based on at least one of a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), an Observed Time Difference Of Arrival (OTDOA) from the base station 100, and a base station ID (Enhanced Cell ID (E-CID)) using a signal level and a travel time estimate.

[0078] In FIG. 5, the process of S101 (obtaining location information of transmission / reception points) and the process of S102 (measuring location information of terminal 200) may be performed in reverse order or in parallel.

[0079] For example, the terminal 200 may select a target reception point (e.g., a first node) for uplink transmission from among a plurality of reception points (or transmission and reception points) (S103). For example, the terminal 200 may select a target reception point (e.g., a first node) for uplink transmission based on location information of the terminal 200 and location information of the transmission and reception points. For example, the terminal 200 may determine a reception point that is closer (e.g., the closest) to the terminal 200 from among the plurality of reception points (or transmission and reception points) as the target reception point for uplink transmission. Furthermore, the terminal 200 may be instructed by the second node which reception point is the target reception point for uplink transmission.

[0080] For example, terminal 200 may calculate (or estimate) the path loss between terminal 200 and the selected reception point based on the distance between terminal 200 and the reception point, and determine the uplink transmission power based on the calculated path loss (S104).

[0081] For example, in the NR transmission power control shown in equation (1), terminal 200 estimates the path loss PL(q d ) and PL=function(r n ) to determine the uplink transmission power. n indicates the distance between the selected reception point and the terminal 200, and function(x) is a function with x as a parameter. For example, r n The larger the value of function(r n ) may be set to a larger value, and the path loss may be set to a larger value.

[0082] Terminal 200 may transmit an uplink signal based on the determined uplink transmission power (S105). The transmission of the uplink signal may be, for example, uplink transmission scheduled by DCI or configured grant transmission.

[0083] An example of the operation of the terminal 200 has been described above.

[0084] In this embodiment, terminal 200 receives information (e.g., location information of the first node) related to determination of path loss (e.g., parameters used for open-loop control) to be used for uplink transmission power control for the first node from a second node different from the first node, and performs transmission power control (in other words, open-loop control) of an uplink signal to be transmitted to the first node based on the location information. For example, terminal 200 calculates the path loss between the first node and terminal 200 based on the distance between the location of a reception point selected by terminal 200 and the location of terminal 200, and performs transmission power control based on the path loss.

[0085] As a result, in this embodiment, even when it is difficult for terminal 200 to estimate path loss based on a downlink reference signal, such as when a reference signal is not transmitted from the reception point of an uplink signal or when the reception point does not have a transmission function, terminal 200 can transmit an uplink signal with appropriate transmission power based on the path loss. In other words, even when terminal 200 does not perform path loss estimation based on a reference signal, it can improve uplink transmission quality by transmission power control that compensates for the path loss between terminal 200 and the reception point.

[0086] Therefore, according to this embodiment, for example, it is possible to compensate for the path loss between terminal 200 and the reception point, thereby improving the accuracy of uplink transmission power control.

[0087] Furthermore, in this embodiment, terminal 200 can perform transmission power control that compensates for path loss between terminal 200 and the first node, regardless of, for example, the DCI format (e.g., the presence or absence of an SRI field) or the scheduling of uplink transmission (e.g., DCI or Configured grant).

[0088] Furthermore, according to this embodiment, even when a reception point is dynamically selected in an ultra-high density distributed network, terminal 200 can dynamically control uplink transmission power according to the selected reception point by calculating a path loss based on the distance between the position of the selected reception point and the position of terminal 200, for example.

[0089] (Embodiment 2) The configurations of base station 100 and terminal 200 according to this embodiment may be the same as those in the first embodiment, for example.

[0090] In the first embodiment, for example, a case has been described in which terminal 200 calculates a path loss based on the distance between the selected reception point and terminal 200 (in other words, the positional relationship), and determines uplink transmission power.

[0091] Here, in the uplink, there may be an operation in which a signal from terminal 200 is received by multiple reception points. This operation is expected to improve transmission quality, for example, by a reception diversity effect. In this case, for example, the multiple reception points may each receive a signal from terminal 200, and demodulate and decode a composite signal of the signals received by each reception point.

[0092] For this reason, from the viewpoint of reception quality after combining (for example, SNR (Signal-to-Noise power Ratio) or SINR (Signal-to-Interference+Noise power Ratio)), transmission power control based on path loss calculated according to the distance to the closest reception point from terminal 200 may not be transmission power control suitable for operation with multiple reception points. In other words, transmission power control based on the distance between terminal 200 and a reception point may not take into consideration improvement in transmission quality due to combining at multiple reception points.

[0093] For example, if the received SINR after combining is excessively higher than the target SINR, suppressing the transmission power may reduce the influence of interference from uplink signals and improve the frequency utilization efficiency of the system.

[0094] Here, the network can measure the distribution of SINR and user throughput within a cell or area based on, for example, historical location information of multiple terminals 200 within the cell or area or historical uplink signal quality information. This information may be analyzed using, for example, big data or AI.

[0095] In this embodiment, terminal 200 may calculate the path loss between terminal 200 and a reception point based on, for example, location information of terminal 200 and information on the SINR distribution corresponding to the location information, and determine the uplink transmission power based on the calculated path loss.

[0096] 6 is a flowchart showing an example of operations related to transmission of an uplink signal in terminal 200 according to the present embodiment. In FIG. 6, the same operations as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.

[0097] For example, the second node may notify information relating to the association between location information and SINR distribution within a cell or area to terminal 200. Terminal 200 may acquire information relating to the association between location information and SINR distribution from the second node (S201).

[0098] The information on the correspondence between the location information and the SINR distribution may be notified by, for example, broadcast information or may be notified by a terminal-specific upper layer. For example, an upper layer signal (e.g., information on uplink transmission power control) from the second node (e.g., base station 100) may include information on the correspondence between the location information and the SINR distribution or information on the transmission power control parameter set.

[0099] The terminal 200 may, for example, measure the location information of the terminal 200 (S102).

[0100] In FIG. 6, the process of S201 (obtaining information relating to the correspondence between location information and SINR distribution) and the process of S102 (measuring location information of terminal 200) may be performed in the reverse order or in parallel.

[0101] For example, the terminal 200 may select at least one reception point (for example, a first node) to be the target of uplink transmission from among multiple reception points (or transmission and reception points) (S103). For example, the terminal 200 may select the reception point (for example, the first node) to be the target of uplink transmission based on the location information of the terminal 200 and the location information of the transmission and reception points. For example, the terminal 200 may determine the multiple reception points to be the target of uplink transmission in descending order of distance to the terminal 200 (for example, the closest). Furthermore, the terminal 200 may be instructed by the second node to select the multiple reception points to be the target of uplink transmission.

[0102] Terminal 200 may calculate (or estimate) the path loss between terminal 200 and the selected reception point based on, for example, location information of terminal 200 and an SINR distribution associated with the location information, and determine the uplink transmission power based on the calculated path loss (S202).

[0103] For example, in the NR transmission power control shown in equation (1), terminal 200 estimates the path loss PL(q d ) and PL=function(SINR p ) to determine the uplink transmission power. p indicates the SINR value associated with the position p of the terminal 200, and function(x) is a function with x as a parameter. For example, SINR p The larger the value of (in other words, the better the communication quality between the reception point and the terminal 200), the greater the function(SINR p ) becomes smaller, and the path loss may be set smaller.

[0104] Terminal 200 may transmit an uplink signal based on the determined uplink transmission power (S105). The transmission of the uplink signal may be, for example, uplink transmission scheduled by DCI or configured grant transmission.

[0105] An example of the operation of the terminal 200 has been described above.

[0106] In this embodiment, terminal 200 receives information (e.g., information relating to the association between location information and reception quality) related to the determination of path loss (e.g., parameters used for open-loop control) used for uplink transmission power control for a first node from a second node different from the first node, and performs transmission power control (in other words, open-loop control) of an uplink signal to be transmitted to the first node based on the received information. For example, terminal 200 calculates path loss based on reception quality (e.g., SINR) associated with the location of terminal 200, and performs transmission power control based on the path loss.

[0107] As a result, in this embodiment, even when it is difficult for terminal 200 to estimate the path loss based on the downlink reference signal, such as when a reference signal is not transmitted from the reception point of the uplink signal or when the reception point does not have a transmission function, the uplink signal can be transmitted with appropriate transmission power based on the path loss.

[0108] Furthermore, in the present embodiment, similar to embodiment 1, terminal 200 can perform transmission power control that compensates for path loss between terminal 200 and the first node, regardless of, for example, a DCI format (for example, the presence or absence of an SRI field) or uplink transmission scheduling (for example, DCI or Configured grant). Also, similar to embodiment 1, even when a reception point is dynamically selected in an ultra-high density distributed network, for example, terminal 200 can dynamically control uplink transmission power according to the selected reception point by calculating path loss based on the distance between the position of the selected reception point and the position of terminal 200.

[0109] Furthermore, according to this embodiment, even if there are multiple reception points to which terminal 200 transmits an uplink signal, the path loss can be calculated based on the location information of terminal 200 regardless of the positions of the multiple reception points, and therefore the uplink transmission power can be appropriately determined.

[0110] (Modification 1 of Embodiment 2) In this embodiment, the second node may notify terminal 200 of location information of the transmission and reception points in addition to information relating to the association between location information and SINR distribution, as in embodiment 1. The location information of the transmission and reception points may include, for example, location information of the first node.

[0111] In this case, for example, in the NR transmission power control shown in equation (1), terminal 200 estimates the path loss PL(q d ) and PL=function(SINR p , r n ) to determine the uplink transmission power. n indicates the distance between terminal 200 and the reception point, and function(x, y) is a function with x and y as parameters.

[0112] If multiple reception points are included, r n may indicate the distance to the closest reception point to terminal 200, the distance to the farthest reception point to terminal 200, or the average value of the distances between terminal 200 and each of a plurality of reception points.

[0113] Also, for example, function(SINR p , r n ) function, SINR p and r n may each be weighted.

[0114] (Modification 2 of Embodiment 2) In this embodiment, transmission power control based on path loss calculated based on the correspondence between location information and SINR distribution has been described, but the parameters used for path loss calculation are not limited to the correspondence between location information and SINR distribution.

[0115] The parameters used for path loss calculation may be, for example, parameters that can calculate or estimate the distance, position, or quality between terminal 200 and the reception point. For example, the path loss may be calculated based on one or a combination of statistical information such as a Wi-Fi (registered trademark) Service Set Identifier (SSID) or SSID signal strength, Bluetooth (registered trademark) signal detection and Bluetooth signal strength, measurement results by Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), image information by a camera or video, sensing information, the amount of power supplied by wireless power, timing information at the reception point, or information on the orientation of an array antenna.

[0116] As an example, a case where the WiFi SSID and the Bluetooth signal strength are combined will be described. In this case, the terminal 200 calculates the path loss PL(q d ) and PL=function(RSRP SSID_x , RSRP Bluetooth ) to determine the uplink transmission power. SSID_x indicates the signal strength (e.g., RSRP: Reference Signals Received Power) of SSID x, and RSRP Bluetooth indicates the signal strength (for example, RSRP) of a Bluetooth signal, and function(x, y) is a function with x and y as parameters.

[0117] For example, RSRP SSID_x or RSRP Bluetooth The larger the function(RSRP SSID_x , RSRP Bluetooth) becomes smaller, and the value of the path loss PL may be set to a smaller value. SSID_x , RSRP Bluetooth ) in RSRP SSID_x and RSRP Bluetooth may be weighted.

[0118] The above describes the modified example of the second embodiment.

[0119] In the first and second embodiments, other open-loop transmission power control parameters (for example, transmission power parameter set P O_PUSCH α(j) and α(j)) may be values ​​that are preset in terminal 200. Alternatively, the transmission power parameter set may be values ​​that are set in association with, for example, one or more of the location information of terminal 200, the selected reception point, the distance between terminal 200 and the reception point, or the SINR value. Similarly, P CMAX may be a value (e.g., different values) set in association with one or more of the location information of terminal 200, the selected reception point, the distance between terminal 200 and the reception point, or the SINR value, for example.

[0120] This allows terminal 200 to implement transmission power control suited to the type of reception point, for example.

[0121] Furthermore, in the first and second embodiments, the terminal 200 may transmit an uplink signal, for example, with a Timing Advance (TA) value set in association with one or more of the transmission power parameter set and the location information of the terminal 200, the selected reception point, the distance between the terminal 200 and the reception point, or the SINR value.

[0122] (Embodiment 3) The configurations of base station 100 and terminal 200 according to this embodiment may be the same as those in the first embodiment, for example.

[0123] In the present embodiment, a method for performing transmission power control that does not depend on a reference signal and position information will be described when the position information of the first node or information regarding the association between the position information and the SINR distribution is not transmitted from the second node to the terminal 200, or when the terminal 200 does not acquire the position information of the terminal 200.

[0124] The terminal 200 may transmit a RACH (Random Access Channel) to the base station at a certain timing, for example. Examples of such a certain timing include, in NR, at the time of initial access (for example, transition from the RRC_IDLE state to the RRC_CONNECTED state), when resuming from the RRC_INACTIVE state to the RRC_CONNECTED state, when uplink data or downlink data is generated during connection (when the uplink synchronization state is "non-synchronized" in the RRC_CONNECTED state), when requesting on-demand SI (System Information), or when recovering from a beam connection failure (Beam failure recovery).

[0125] By transmitting the RACH, for example, an attempt is made to establish a connection from the terminal 200 to the base station 100 or to re-establish synchronization. For example, a series of operations performed to establish a connection from the terminal 200 to the base station 100 or to re-establish synchronization may be referred to as a "random access procedure". In NR, for example, the random access procedure may include four steps (Step 1 to 4) (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

[0126] <Step 1 (Transmission of Message 1)> The terminal 200 may randomly select a RACH preamble resource to be used by the terminal 200 from, for example, a group of RACH preamble resource candidates. The group of RACH preamble resource candidates may be defined, for example, by a combination of time resources, frequency resources, and sequence resources. The terminal 200 may transmit a RACH preamble using the selected RACH preamble resource. The RACH preamble may be referred to as, for example, "Message 1".

[0127] <Step 2 (Transmission of Message 2)> The base station 100 may transmit a RACH response (RAR: Random Access Response), for example, when detecting a RACH preamble. The RAR may be referred to as, for example, "Message 2". At the time of Step 2, it is difficult for the base station 100 to identify, for example, the terminal 200 that transmitted the RACH preamble. Therefore, the RAR may be transmitted, for example, to the entire cell covered by the base station 100. The RAR may include, for example, information regarding resources to be used by the terminal 200 in the uplink (e.g., transmission of Message 3 in Step 3), or information regarding the transmission timing of the uplink by the terminal 200.

[0128] If the terminal 200 that transmitted the RACH preamble does not receive a RAR within a predetermined period (RAR reception window) from the transmission timing of the RACH preamble, it may select a RACH preamble resource again and transmit a RACH preamble (retransmission of Message 1).

[0129] <Step 3 (Transmission of Message 3)> The terminal 200 may transmit a message (e.g., referred to as Message 3) including a RRC connection request or a scheduling request using the uplink resources indicated by the base station 100 by means of the RAR.

[0130] <Step 4 (Transmission of Message 4)> The base station 100 may confirm that multiple terminals 200 are not in contention (contention resolution) by transmitting a message (e.g., called Message 4) including a UE-ID (e.g., Cell-Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI) or Temporary C-RNTI) for identifying the terminal 200 to the terminal 200.

[0131] The above describes each step in the random access procedure. Note that the PRACH preamble in Step 1 and the transmission of Message 3 in Step 3 in the above-described random access procedure may be combined as Step 1 (Transmission of Message A), and the reception of RAR in Step 2 and the reception of Message 4 may be combined as Step 2 (Reception of Message B), and the random access procedure may be implemented in two steps.

[0132] FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an example of operations related to the transmission of an uplink signal in the terminal 200 according to the present embodiment.

[0133] For example, the terminal 200 may acquire information including parameters related to RACH transmission (S301). Here, when the uplink transmission in the initial access (e.g., transmission of Message 1 or Message 3) is performed via the first node, it is assumed that the transmission power for the first transmission of Message 1 by the terminal 200 is set to a smaller value (e.g., a value below a threshold). By this transmission power control, the influence of interference can be suppressed.

[0134] The terminal 200 may transmit Message 1 with a transmission power set based on, for example, parameters related to RACH transmission (S302).

[0135] After transmitting Message 1, terminal 200 may wait to receive, for example, Message 2 (S303). Here, Message 2 may be transmitted from, for example, the second node. If terminal 200 does not receive Message 2 within a certain time period after transmitting Message 1 (S303: No), terminal 200 may increase the transmission power compared to the previous transmission of Message 1 (in other words, power ramping) (S304). Terminal 200 may transmit (or retransmit) Message 1 at the increased transmission power (S302).

[0136] For example, when terminal 200 receives Message 2 (S303: Yes), terminal 200 may transmit Message 3 (S305). For example, terminal 200 may determine the transmission power of Message 3 based on the transmission power for Message 1 immediately before receiving Message 2 and the transmission power command instructed in Message 2 (for example, RAR).

[0137] Here, since the transmission power of Message 1 is increased by power ramping, the setting of the transmission power of Message 1 corresponding to Message 2 received by terminal 200 is likely to be close to the lower limit of the transmission power at which the first node can receive Message 1 (in other words, the transmission power that satisfies the required quality). Therefore, terminal 200 can determine, for example, that the determined transmission power of Message 3 is the transmission power that satisfies the required quality when transmitting uplink transmission via the first node (for example, the minimum transmission power). Therefore, in this embodiment, terminal 200 may retain, for example, information regarding the transmission power of Message 3 (S306).

[0138] After sending Message 3, the terminal 200 receives, for example, Message 4 (S307).

[0139] In response to receiving Message 4, terminal 200 may transmit an uplink signal based on, for example, the information on the transmission power of Message 3 that it holds (S308). In other words, terminal 200 may apply the transmission power set for Message 3 to transmission of an uplink signal different from that of Message 3.

[0140] Note that the transmission of the uplink signal to which the transmission power of Message 3 is applied may be, for example, uplink transmission scheduled by DCI or configured grant transmission.

[0141] An example of the operation of the terminal 200 has been described above.

[0142] In this embodiment, when terminal 200 transmits Message 3 to the first node and receives Message 4 from the second node in response to the transmission of Message 1, it determines the transmission power of the uplink signal to be transmitted to the first node in response to the reception of Message 4 based on the setting information regarding the transmission power of Message 3.

[0143] As a result, even if terminal 200 does not receive from the second node the location information of the first node or information regarding the correspondence between the location information and the SINR distribution, or even if terminal 200 does not acquire the location information of terminal 200, it can perform transmission power control based on the propagation environment between the first node and terminal 200 without relying on a reference signal.

[0144] Furthermore, in this embodiment, terminal 200 performs transmission power control based on the transmission power in past uplink transmissions, without relying on information from base station 100 (or the second node), thereby reducing the overhead of broadcast information or upper layer notification.

[0145] Furthermore, in this embodiment, similar to embodiment 1, terminal 200 can perform transmission power control that compensates for path loss between terminal 200 and the first node, regardless of, for example, the DCI format (e.g., the presence or absence of an SRI field) or the scheduling of uplink transmission (e.g., DCI or Configured grant).

[0146] Also, similar to embodiment 1, even when a reception point is dynamically selected in an ultra-high density distributed network, terminal 200 can dynamically control the uplink transmission power, for example, based on the transmission power of Message 3 to the selected reception point (e.g., the first node).

[0147] In this embodiment, a case has been described in which terminal 200 determines the transmission power of the uplink signal based on the transmission power of Message 3, but this is not limited to this. For example, the transmission power of the uplink signal may be determined based on the transmission power of Message 1 at the time when terminal 200 receives Message 2.

[0148] (Fourth embodiment) The configurations of base station 100 and terminal 200 according to this embodiment may be the same as those in the first embodiment, for example.

[0149] In this embodiment, similar to NR, a transmission power control parameter set (for example, P O_PUSCH , J-1) can be set in terminal 200. In addition, this embodiment will describe a case where base station 100 can dynamically notify terminal 200 of transmission power control parameter set j to be used for uplink data transmission in downlink control information (e.g., the SRI field of DCI) that schedules uplink data transmission.

[0150] 8 is a flowchart showing an example of operations related to transmission of an uplink signal in terminal 200 according to the present embodiment. In Fig. 8, the same operations as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.

[0151] Terminal 200 may acquire, for example, from the second node, information related to path loss calculation between terminal 200 and a reception point (S401). The information related to path loss calculation may be, for example, at least one of information related to the distance between terminal 200 and a reception point (for example, position information of the reception point) as in the first embodiment, and information related to the association between position information and SINR distribution as in the second embodiment.

[0152] Terminal 200 may acquire, for example, information about a transmission power control parameter set (S402). The information about the transmission power control parameter set may include, for example, information indicating candidates for the transmission power parameter set (for example, J candidates).

[0153] The terminal 200 may, for example, measure the location information of the terminal 200 (S102).

[0154] Terminal 200 may receive, for example, DCI for scheduling uplink data transmission (or transmission) (S403). The DCI (for example, an SRI field) may include, for example, information indicating one of multiple candidates for the transmit power parameter set.

[0155] Terminal 200 may calculate (or estimate) a path loss value between terminal 200 and the reception point based on, for example, information acquired from the second node and location information of terminal 200, and determine the uplink transmission power based on the transmission power parameter set configured in terminal 200 and the calculated path loss (S404).

[0156] For example, the terminal 200 may use the path loss PL(q d) may be replaced with the path loss PL calculated in the first or second embodiment. Furthermore, terminal 200 may use, for example, other parameters (e.g., P CMAX , P O_PUSCH (j), 10log 10 (2 μ M RB PUSCH (i)), α(j), Δ TF (i) and f(i, l) may be set in the same way as in NR.

[0157] Terminal 200 may transmit an uplink signal at the determined uplink transmission power (S105), for example. Note that the transmission of the uplink signal may be, for example, uplink transmission scheduled by DCI or configured grant transmission. For example, in the case of configured grant transmission, the processing of S403 (DCI reception processing) may be omitted. Also, for example, the transmission power parameter set (for example, index j) used by terminal 200 may be defined in advance in a standard, and may be notified to terminal 200 by higher layer signaling (for example, RRC) that sets configured grant transmission.

[0158] 8, the order of the processing of S401 (acquiring information for calculating path loss), the processing of S402 (acquiring a transmission power control parameter set), and the processing of S102 (measuring location information of terminal 200) is not limited to the order shown in Fig. 8, and may be a different order, or these processing may be performed in parallel. Also, in Fig. 8, the processing of S102 (measuring location information of terminal 200) may be performed after the processing of S403 (receiving DCI), for example.

[0159] According to this embodiment, terminal 200 receives control information indicating one of a plurality of candidates for a transmission power control parameter set, and performs transmission power control of an uplink signal to the first node (in other words, open-loop control such as setting a transmission power control parameter set) based on the transmission power control parameter set corresponding to the received control information.

[0160] For example, even when it is difficult for terminal 200 to estimate the path loss between terminal 200 and base station 100 from the reference signal, in cases where a reference signal is not transmitted from the reception point of an uplink signal or where the reception point does not have a transmission function, terminal 200 can calculate the path loss between terminal 200 and the reception point selected by terminal 200, for example, based on embodiment 1 or 2. Furthermore, in this embodiment, for example, terminal 200 can appropriately set (or optimize) a transmission power control parameter other than the path loss (PL) by, for example, dynamically reporting DCI (for example, an SRI field).

[0161] Therefore, according to this embodiment, the transmission power parameters for transmitting uplink signals can be dynamically set, thereby improving the transmission quality of the uplink.

[0162] For example, a plurality of P CMAX Alternatively, P may be set in the transmission power control parameter set. CMAX (For example, P CMAX (j)) may be included. This allows terminal 200 to achieve more appropriate transmission power control depending on the type of reception point, etc.

[0163] Furthermore, for example, terminal 200 may dynamically switch the transmission power of the uplink signal to the transmission power of Message 3 described in embodiment 3 based on an instruction included in the SRI notification or another DCI field different from the SRI field.

[0164] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the path loss calculation method is not limited to the method in the first or second embodiment, and other methods may be used.

[0165] (Embodiment 5) The configurations of base station 100 and terminal 200 according to this embodiment may be the same as those in the first embodiment, for example.

[0166] For example, further development of 5G or 6G is expected to utilize frequency bands where wider bandwidth can be secured (for example, frequency bands above 52.6 GHz) and unlicensed bands (for example, also called NR-Unlicensed (NR-U)). For example, in Japan and Europe, carrier sense (for example, LBT: Listen Before Talk), which is one of the interference avoidance technologies, is specified for devices using unlicensed bands.

[0167] Furthermore, the higher the frequency band, the more directionality of radio waves increases, making it difficult for them to travel far. For example, there is a possibility that "Directional LBT," which combines beamforming technology with LBT, may be applied.

[0168] In the Directional LBT, for example, after scheduling the uplink transmission, the terminal 200 may perform the LBT for a plurality of beam directions and determine the transmission of the uplink signal in the beam direction in which the LBT does not become busy. Therefore, it is difficult for the network (for example, the base station 100) to predict the beam direction in which the terminal 200 actually transmits the uplink signal.

[0169] Furthermore, for example, since the impact of interference in the uplink is expected to differ depending on the beam direction, transmission power control that is not based on the beam direction may not improve transmission quality or the frequency utilization efficiency of the system.

[0170] Therefore, in this embodiment, for example, a method of controlling transmission power based on the beam direction in which Directional LBT is performed will be described.

[0171] 9 is a flowchart showing an example of operation related to transmission of an uplink signal in terminal 200 according to the present embodiment. Note that in Fig. 9, the same operations as those in embodiment 1 or embodiment 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals.

[0172] Terminal 200 may, for example, acquire information related to a transmission power control parameter set (S402). Terminal 200 may also, for example, receive DCI that schedules uplink data transmission (or transmission) (S501).

[0173] Here, for example, a transmission power control parameter set similar to NR (e.g., P O_PUSCH α(j) and α(j)) may be set for each beam direction of the Directional LBT. In other words, each of the transmission power control parameter sets may be associated with a beam direction of the Directional LBT. As an example, a transmission power control parameter set corresponding to each beam direction may be set according to the communication environment in that beam direction (for example, the presence or absence of an obstacle, etc.).

[0174] For example, for terminal 200, P CMAX may be set in the transmission power parameter set P CMAX may be included.

[0175] Furthermore, for example, terminal 200 may set a function for calculating path loss in the first and second embodiments for each beam direction of Directional LBT.

[0176] In FIG. 9, terminal 200 may perform, for example, directional LBT to determine the transmission beam direction of the uplink signal (S502).

[0177] The terminal 200 may determine, for example, a transmission power parameter set associated with the determined transmission beam direction from among transmission power parameter sets that the terminal 200 can set, and determine the transmission power of the uplink signal (S503).

[0178] Terminal 200 may transmit an uplink signal with the determined uplink transmission power (S105). Note that the transmission of the uplink signal may be, for example, uplink transmission scheduled by DCI or configured grant transmission. For example, in the case of configured grant transmission, the process of S403 (receiving process of DCI) may be omitted.

[0179] According to this embodiment, when implementing Directional LBT, terminal 200 performs transmission power control of the uplink signal to the first node (in other words, closed-loop control such as setting a transmission power control parameter set) based on the beam direction applied to the uplink signal.

[0180] As a result, in this embodiment, terminal 200 can perform transmission power control using a transmission power control parameter set according to the transmission beam direction of the uplink signal, thereby improving the transmission quality of the uplink.

[0181] In this embodiment, a timing advance (TA) value may be set for each beam direction for which Directional LBT is performed. Terminal 200 may transmit an uplink signal based on, for example, a timing advance value corresponding to a transmission beam direction.

[0182] Furthermore, the method of calculating the path loss is not limited to the method of the first or second embodiment, and other methods may be used.

[0183] The above describes the embodiments according to the example of the present disclosure.

[0184] The above-described embodiments may be combined. For example, the fourth embodiment may be combined with the fifth embodiment. For example, the fourth embodiment may be applied to some settings of the transmission power control parameter sets, and the fifth embodiment may be applied to other settings of the transmission power control parameter sets.

[0185] In the above-described embodiment, a case has been described in which the first node, which is a receiving point of an uplink signal, does not transmit a reference signal, but the first node may have a configuration or function for transmitting a reference signal. The transmission power control (e.g., closed-loop control) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied, for example, when the first node does not transmit a reference signal, or may be applied regardless of whether the first node transmits a reference signal.

[0186] Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, the path loss has been described as an example of a parameter related to a reception quality index in open loop control, but the reception quality index is not limited to the path loss.

[0187] (control signal) In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the downlink control signal (or downlink control information) may be, for example, a signal (or information) transmitted in a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) of the physical layer, or a signal (or information) transmitted in a Medium Access Control (MAC) or Radio Resource Control (RRC) of a higher layer. Furthermore, the signal (or information) is not limited to being notified by a downlink control signal, but may be predefined in a specification (or standard) or may be preconfigured in a base station and a terminal.

[0188] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the uplink control signal (or uplink control information) may be, for example, a signal (or information) transmitted in a PDCCH of the physical layer, or a signal (or information) transmitted in a MAC or RRC of a higher layer. Furthermore, the signal (or information) is not limited to being notified by an uplink control signal, but may be predefined in a specification (or standard), or may be preconfigured in a base station and a terminal. Furthermore, the uplink control signal may be replaced with, for example, uplink control information (UCI), 1st stage sidelink control information (SCI), or 2nd stage SCI.

[0189] (base station) In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the base station may be a Transmission Reception Point (TRP), a cluster head, an access point, a Remote Radio Head (RRH), an eNodeB (eNB), a gNodeB (gNB), a Base Station (BS), a Base Transceiver Station (BTS), a parent device, a gateway, etc. In addition, in sidelink communication, a terminal may be used instead of the base station. In addition, a relay device that relays communication between an upper node and a terminal may be used instead of the base station.

[0190] (Uplink / Downlink / Sidelink) An embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied to, for example, any of an uplink, a downlink, and a sidelink. For example, an embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied to a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), or a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) in the uplink, a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), a PDCCH, or a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) in the downlink, or a Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), a Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH), or a Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH) in the sidelink.

[0191] The PDCCH, PDSCH, PUSCH, and PUCCH are examples of a downlink control channel, a downlink data channel, an uplink data channel, and an uplink control channel, respectively. The PSCCH and PSSCH are examples of a sidelink control channel and a sidelink data channel. The PBCH and PSBCH are examples of a broadcast channel, and the PRACH is an example of a random access channel.

[0192] (Data channel / Control channel) An embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied to, for example, either a data channel or a control channel. For example, the channel in an embodiment of the present disclosure may be replaced with any of the data channels PDSCH, PUSCH, and PSSCH, or the control channels PDCCH, PUCCH, PBCH, PSCCH, and PSBCH.

[0193] (reference signal) In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the reference signal is a signal known by both the base station and the mobile station, and may be referred to as a Reference Signal (RS) or a pilot signal. The reference signal may be any of a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), a Channel State Information - Reference Signal (CSI-RS), a Tracking Reference Signal (TRS), a Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS), a Cell-specific Reference Signal (CRS), or a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS).

[0194] (time interval) In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the unit of time resource is not limited to one or a combination of slots and symbols, but may be, for example, a time resource unit such as a frame, a superframe, a subframe, a slot, a time slot subslot, a minislot, or a symbol, an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, or a Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiplexing (SC-FDMA) symbol, or another time resource unit. Furthermore, the number of symbols included in one slot is not limited to the number of symbols exemplified in the above-mentioned embodiment, and may be another number of symbols.

[0195] (frequency band) An embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied to either a licensed band or an unlicensed band.

[0196] (communication) An embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied to any of communication between a base station and a terminal, communication between terminals (sidelink communication, Uu link communication), and Vehicle to Everything (V2X) communication. For example, the channel in an embodiment of the present disclosure may be replaced with any of PSCCH, PSSCH, Physical Sidelink Feedback Channel (PSFCH), PSBCH, PDCCH, PUCCH, PDSCH, PUSCH, and PBCH.

[0197] An embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied to a terrestrial network, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) using a satellite or a high altitude pseudo satellite (HAPS), or a terrestrial network in which transmission delay is large compared to the symbol length or slot length, such as a network with a large cell size or an ultra-wideband transmission network.

[0198] (antenna port) In one embodiment of the present disclosure, an antenna port refers to a logical antenna (antenna group) consisting of one or more physical antennas. For example, an antenna port does not necessarily refer to a single physical antenna, but may refer to an array antenna consisting of multiple antennas. For example, the number of physical antennas that an antenna port is composed of is not specified, and the antenna port may be specified as the smallest unit by which a terminal station can transmit a reference signal. Furthermore, an antenna port may also be specified as the smallest unit for multiplying a weighting factor of a precoding vector.

[0199] <5G NR system architecture and protocol stack> 3GPP is working on the next release of fifth-generation cellular technology (also known as 5G), which includes the development of New Radio Access Technology (NR) operating in the frequency range up to 100 GHz. The first version of the 5G standard was completed at the end of 2017, allowing for the prototyping and commercial deployment of 5G NR compliant devices (e.g., smartphones).

[0200] For example, the system architecture assumes a Next Generation - Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) with gNBs. The gNBs provide UE-side termination of NG radio access user plane (SDAP / PDCP / RLC / MAC / PHY) and control plane (RRC) protocols. The gNBs are connected to each other via an Xn interface. The gNBs are also connected to a Next Generation Core (NGC) via a Next Generation (NG) interface, more specifically to an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) (e.g., a specific core entity that performs AMF) via an NG-C interface, and to a User Plane Function (UPF) (e.g., a specific core entity that performs UPF) via an NG-U interface. The NG-RAN architecture is shown in Figure 10 (see, for example, 3GPP TS 38.300 v15.6.0, section 4).

[0201] The NR user plane protocol stack (see, for example, 3GPP TS 38.300, section 4.4.1) includes the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) sublayer (see, for example, TS 38.300, section 6.4), the Radio Link Control (RLC) sublayer (see, for example, TS 38.300, section 6.3), and the Medium Access Control (MAC) sublayer (see, for example, TS 38.300, section 6.2), which are terminated on the network side at the gNB. A new Access Stratum (AS) sublayer (Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP)) has also been introduced on top of PDCP (see, for example, 3GPP TS 38.300, section 6.5). A control plane protocol stack has also been defined for NR (see, for example, TS 38.300, section 4.4.2). An overview of Layer 2 functions is given in Section 6 of TS 38.300. The functions of the PDCP sublayer, RLC sublayer, and MAC sublayer are listed in clauses 6.4, 6.3, and 6.2 of TS 38.300, respectively. The functions of the RRC layer are listed in clause 7 of TS 38.300.

[0202] For example, the Medium-Access-Control layer handles logical channel multiplexing and scheduling and scheduling-related functions, including handling various numerologies.

[0203] For example, the physical layer (PHY) is responsible for coding, PHY HARQ processing, modulation, multi-antenna processing, and mapping of signals to appropriate physical time-frequency resources. The physical layer also handles mapping of transport channels to physical channels. The physical layer provides services to the MAC layer in the form of transport channels. A physical channel corresponds to a set of time-frequency resources used for transmitting a specific transport channel, and each transport channel is mapped to a corresponding physical channel. For example, physical channels include the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), and the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) as uplink physical channels, and the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), and the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) as downlink physical channels.

[0204] NR use cases / deployment scenarios may include enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), and massive machine-type communication (mMTC), which have diverse requirements in terms of data rate, latency, and coverage. For example, eMBB is expected to support peak data rates (20 Gbps in the downlink and 10 Gbps in the uplink) and effective (user-experienced) data rates that are approximately three times higher than those offered by IMT-Advanced. On the other hand, URLLC imposes stricter requirements for ultra-low latency (0.5 ms user-plane latency for UL and DL, respectively) and high reliability (1-10-5 within 1 ms). Finally, mMTC preferably requires high connection density (1,000,000 devices / km in urban environments). 2 ), wide coverage in adverse environments, and extremely long battery life (15 years) for low-cost devices may be desired.

[0205] Therefore, OFDM numerology (e.g., subcarrier spacing, OFDM symbol length, cyclic prefix (CP) length, number of symbols per scheduling interval) suitable for one use case may not be valid for another use case. For example, low-latency services may preferably require a shorter symbol length (and therefore a larger subcarrier spacing) and / or fewer symbols per scheduling interval (also referred to as TTI) than mMTC services. Furthermore, deployment scenarios with large channel delay spreads may preferably require a longer CP length than scenarios with small delay spreads. Subcarrier spacing may be optimized accordingly to maintain similar CP overhead. NR may support one or more subcarrier spacing values. Correspondingly, subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, etc. are currently considered. The symbol length Tu and subcarrier spacing Δf are directly related by the equation Δf = 1 / Tu. Similar to LTE systems, the term "resource element" can be used to mean the smallest resource unit consisting of one subcarrier for the length of one OFDM / SC-FDMA symbol.

[0206] In the new radio system 5G-NR, a resource grid of subcarriers and OFDM symbols is defined for each numerology and each carrier in the uplink and downlink. Each element of the resource grid is called a resource element and is specified based on a frequency index in the frequency domain and a symbol position in the time domain (see 3GPP TS 38.211 v15.6.0).

[0207] <Functional separation between NG-RAN and 5GC in 5G NR> Figure 11 shows the functional separation between NG-RAN and 5GC. The logical node of NG-RAN is gNB or ng-eNB. 5GC has logical nodes AMF, UPF, and SMF.

[0208] For example, the gNB and ng-eNB host the following main functions: - Radio Resource Management functions such as Radio Bearer Control, Radio Admission Control, Connection Mobility Control, dynamic allocation (scheduling) of resources to UEs in both uplink and downlink; - IP header compression, encryption, and integrity protection of data; - AMF selection at UE attach time if routing to the AMF cannot be determined from the information provided by the UE; - Routing of user plane data towards UPF; - Routing of control plane information towards AMF; - Setting up and tearing down connections; - scheduling and sending of paging messages; - Scheduling and transmission of system broadcast information (originating from AMF or Operation, Admission, Maintenance (OAM) Function); - Configuring measurements and measurement reporting for mobility and scheduling; - Transport level packet marking in the uplink; - Session management; - Network slicing support; - QoS flow management and mapping to data radio bearers; - Support for UEs in RRC_INACTIVE state; - NAS message delivery function; - Sharing of radio access networks; - Dual connectivity; - Close cooperation between NR and E-UTRA.

[0209] The Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) hosts the following main functions: - Ability to terminate Non-Access Stratum (NAS) signaling; - NAS signaling security; - Access Stratum (AS) security control; - 3GPP Core Network (CN) inter-node signaling for mobility between access networks; - Reachability to idle mode UEs (including control and execution of paging retransmissions); - Managing the registration area; - Support for intra-system and inter-system mobility; - Access authentication; - Access authorization, including checking roaming privileges; - Mobility management control (subscription and policy); - Network slicing support; - Selection of Session Management Function (SMF).

[0210] Additionally, the User Plane Function (UPF) hosts the following main functions: - Anchor points for intra-RAT / inter-RAT mobility (if applicable); - External PDU (Protocol Data Unit) session points for interconnection with data networks; - Packet routing and forwarding; - Packet inspection and policy rule enforcement for the user plane part; - Traffic usage reporting; - uplink classifier to support routing of traffic flows to the data network; - Branching Point for supporting multi-homed PDU session; - QoS processing for the user plane (e.g., packet filtering, gating, UL / DL rate enforcement); - Verification of uplink traffic (mapping to the QoS flow of the SDF); - Downlink packet buffering and triggering function for downlink data notification.

[0211] Finally, the Session Management Function (SMF) hosts the following main functions: - Session management; - IP address allocation and management for the UE; - Selection and control of the UPF; - Traffic steering setting function in the User Plane Function (UPF) for routing traffic to the appropriate destination; - Enforcement of control plane policies and QoS; - Notification of downlink data.

[0212] <Procedures for RRC connection setup and reconfiguration> Figure 12 shows some of the interactions between the UE, gNB, and AMF (5GC entity) when the UE transitions from RRC_IDLE to RRC_CONNECTED in the NAS part (see TS 38.300 v15.6.0).

[0213] RRC is a higher layer signaling protocol used to configure the UE and the gNB. With this transition, the AMF prepares UE context data (including, for example, PDU session context, security keys, UE radio capabilities, and UE security capabilities) and sends it to the gNB with an INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP REQUEST. The gNB then activates AS security together with the UE. This is done by the gNB sending a SecurityModeCommand message to the UE, and the UE responding with a SecurityModeComplete message. The gNB then sends an RRCReconfiguration message to the UE, and upon receiving an RRCReconfigurationComplete from the UE, the gNB reconfigures the UE to set up a Signaling Radio Bearer 2 (SRB2) and a Data Radio Bearer (DRB). For signaling-only connections, the RRCReconfiguration steps are omitted because SRB2 and DRB are not set up. Finally, the gNB notifies the AMF that the setup procedure is complete with an INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP RESPONSE.

[0214] Therefore, the present disclosure provides a 5th Generation Core (5GC) entity (e.g., AMF, SMF, etc.) that includes: control circuitry that, in operation, establishes a Next Generation (NG) connection with a gNodeB; and a transmitter that, in operation, transmits an initial context setup message to the gNodeB via the NG connection so that a signaling radio bearer between the gNodeB and a user equipment (UE) is set up. Specifically, the gNodeB transmits Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling that includes a resource allocation configuration information element (IE) to the UE via the signaling radio bearer. Then, the UE performs uplink transmission or downlink reception based on the resource allocation configuration.

[0215] <IMT usage scenarios from 2020 onwards> Figure 13 shows some use cases for 5G NR. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project New Radio (3GPP NR) is considering three use cases envisioned by IMT-2020 to support a wide variety of services and applications. The first phase of specifications for enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) has been completed. Current and future work includes standardization for ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC) and massive machine-type communications (mMTC), in addition to expanding support for eMBB. Figure 13 shows some example use scenarios envisioned for IMT beyond 2020 (see, for example, ITU-R M.2083 Figure 2).

[0216] URLLC use cases have stringent performance requirements, such as throughput, latency, and availability. URLLC use cases are envisioned as one of the enabling technologies for future applications, such as wireless control of industrial production or manufacturing processes, remote medical surgery, automated power transmission and distribution in smart grids, and road safety. URLLC's ultra-high reliability is supported by identifying technologies that meet the requirements set by TR 38.913. Key requirements for NR URLLC in Release 15 include a target user plane latency of 0.5 ms on the uplink (UL) and 0.5 ms on the downlink (DL). The overall URLLC requirement for a single packet transmission is a block error rate (BLER) of 1E-5 for a 32-byte packet size at a user plane latency of 1 ms.

[0217] From a physical layer perspective, reliability can be improved in many possible ways. Current reliability improvement room includes defining a separate CQI table for URLLC, more compact DCI formats, PDCCH repetition, etc. However, this room can be expanded to achieve ultra-high reliability as NR (with respect to the key requirements of NR URLLC) becomes more stable and developed. Specific use cases for NR URLLC in Release 15 include augmented reality / virtual reality (AR / VR), e-health, e-safety, and mission-critical applications.

[0218] Additionally, technology enhancements targeted by NR URLLC aim to improve latency and reliability. Technology enhancements for latency improvement include configurable numerology, non-slot-based scheduling with flexible mapping, grant-free (configured grant) uplink, slot-level repetition in the data channel, and preemption in the downlink. Preemption means that a transmission with previously allocated resources is stopped and the allocated resources are used for another transmission with a later requested lower latency / higher priority requirement. Thus, a previously allowed transmission is preempted by a later transmission. Preemption is applicable regardless of the specific service type. For example, a transmission of service type A (URLLC) may be preempted by a transmission of service type B (eMBB, etc.). Technology enhancements for reliability improvement include dedicated CQI / MCS tables for a target BLER of 1E-5.

[0219] The use case for massive machine-type communication (mMTC) is characterized by a very large number of connected devices that typically transmit relatively small amounts of data that are not sensitive to latency. These devices are required to be low cost and have very long battery life. From an NR perspective, using very narrow bandwidth portions is one solution that saves power and allows for long battery life from the UE perspective.

[0220] As mentioned above, the scope of reliability improvement in NR is expected to be broader. One of the key requirements for all cases, for example for URLLC and mMTC, is high or ultra-high reliability. Several mechanisms can improve reliability from a radio perspective and a network perspective. Generally, there are two to three key areas that can help improve reliability. These areas include compact control channel information, data channel / control channel repetition, and diversity in the frequency, time, and / or spatial domains. These areas are generally applicable to reliability improvement regardless of the specific communication scenario.

[0221] For NR URLLC, further use cases with more stringent requirements are envisioned, such as factory automation, transportation, and power distribution: high reliability (up to 10-6 level), high availability, packet sizes up to 256 bytes, and time synchronization down to a few μs (depending on the use case, the value can be 1 μs or a few μs depending on the frequency range and low latency in the 0.5 ms to 1 ms range (e.g., 0.5 ms latency on the targeted user plane)).

[0222] Furthermore, for NR URLLC, several technical enhancements may be possible from the perspective of the physical layer. These technical enhancements include enhancements to the PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) related to compact DCI, repetition of the PDCCH, and increased monitoring of the PDCCH. Also, the enhancement of UCI (Uplink Control Information) is related to the enhancement of enhanced HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request) and CSI feedback. In addition, enhancements to the PUSCH related to mini-slot level hopping, and enhancements to retransmission / repetition may be possible. The term "mini-slot" refers to a Transmission Time Interval (TTI) that contains fewer symbols than a slot (a slot has 14 symbols).

[0223] <QoS Control> The 5G QoS (Quality of Service) model is based on QoS flows and supports both QoS flows that require a guaranteed flow bit rate (GBR: Guaranteed Bit Rate QoS flow) and QoS flows that do not require a guaranteed flow bit rate (non-GBR QoS flow). Therefore, at the NAS level, a QoS flow is the finest granularity QoS differentiation in a PDU session. A QoS flow is identified within a PDU session by a QoS Flow ID (QFI: QoS Flow ID) that is carried in an encapsulation header via the NG-U interface.

[0224] For each UE, the 5GC establishes one or more PDU sessions. For each UE, the NG-RAN establishes at least one Data Radio Bearer (DRB) for each PDU session, e.g., as shown above with reference to Figure 12. Additional DRBs for the QoS flows of that PDU session can be configured later (when this is up to the NG-RAN). The NG-RAN maps packets belonging to different PDU sessions to different DRBs. NAS-level packet filters in the UE and the 5GC associate UL and DL packets with QoS flows, while AS-level mapping rules in the UE and the NG-RAN associate UL and DL QoS flows with DRBs.

[0225] Figure 14 shows the non-roaming reference architecture for 5G NR (see TS 23.501 v16.1.0, section 4.23). An Application Function (AF) (e.g., an external application server hosting 5G services, as illustrated in Figure 13) interacts with the 3GPP core network to provide services. For example, it accesses a Network Exposure Function (NEF) to support applications that affect traffic routing, or interacts with a policy framework (see Policy Control Function (PCF)) for policy control (e.g., QoS control). Based on the operator's deployment, Application Functions that are considered trusted by the operator can interact directly with the relevant Network Functions. Application Functions that are not authorized by the operator to directly access Network Functions interact with the relevant Network Functions using an external exposure framework via the NEF.

[0226] Figure 14 further illustrates further functional units of the 5G architecture, namely, Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF), Network Repository Function (NRF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Authentication Server Function (AUSF), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), and Data Network (DN, e.g., operator-provided services, Internet access, or third-party services). All or part of the core network functions and application services may be deployed and run in a cloud computing environment.

[0227] Therefore, the present disclosure provides an application server (e.g., an AF in a 5G architecture) comprising: a transmitter that, in operation, sends a request including QoS requirements for at least one of a URLLC service, an eMMB service, and an mMTC service to at least one of 5GC functions (e.g., an NEF, an AMF, an SMF, a PCF, an UPF, etc.) to establish a PDU session including a radio bearer between a gNodeB and a UE according to the QoS requirements; and a control circuit that, in operation, performs a service using the established PDU session.

[0228] The present disclosure can be realized by software, hardware, or software linked to hardware. Each functional block used in the description of the above embodiments may be partially or entirely realized as an LSI, which is an integrated circuit, and each process described in the above embodiments may be partially or entirely controlled by a single LSI or a combination of LSIs. The LSI may be composed of individual chips, or may be composed of a single chip that includes some or all of the functional blocks. The LSI may have data input and output. Depending on the degree of integration, the LSI may be called an IC, system LSI, super LSI, or ultra LSI.

[0229] The integrated circuit method is not limited to LSI, but may be realized by a dedicated circuit, a general-purpose processor, or a dedicated processor. Also, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) that can be programmed after LSI manufacturing, or a reconfigurable processor that can reconfigure the connections and settings of circuit cells within the LSI, may be used. The present disclosure may be realized as digital processing or analog processing.

[0230] Furthermore, if an integrated circuit technology that can replace LSI emerges due to advances in semiconductor technology or other derivative technologies, it is natural that such technology can be used to integrate functional blocks. The application of biotechnology is also a possibility.

[0231] The present disclosure may be implemented in any type of apparatus, device, or system (collectively referred to as a communications apparatus) that has a communications function. The communications apparatus may include a wireless transceiver and processing / control circuitry. The wireless transceiver may include a receiver and a transmitter, or both functions. The wireless transceiver (transmitter and receiver) may include a radio frequency (RF) module and one or more antennas. The RF module may include an amplifier, an RF modulator / demodulator, or the like. Non-limiting examples of communication devices include telephones (e.g., cell phones, smartphones), tablets, personal computers (PCs) (e.g., laptops, desktops, notebooks), cameras (e.g., digital still / video cameras), digital players (e.g., digital audio / video players), wearable devices (e.g., wearable cameras, smartwatches, tracking devices), game consoles, digital book readers, telehealth / telemedicine devices, communication-enabled vehicles or mobile transportation (e.g., cars, airplanes, ships), and combinations of the above devices.

[0232] Communications equipment is not limited to portable or mobile equipment, but also includes non-portable or fixed equipment, devices, and systems of any kind, such as smart home devices (such as appliances, lighting equipment, smart meters or metering devices, control panels, etc.), vending machines, and any other "things" that may exist on an IoT (Internet of Things) network.

[0233] Communications include data communications via cellular systems, wireless LAN systems, communications satellite systems, etc., as well as data communications via combinations of these.

[0234] A communications apparatus also includes devices such as controllers and sensors connected or coupled to a communications device that performs the communications functions described in this disclosure, such as controllers and sensors that generate control and data signals used by the communications device to perform the communications functions of the communications apparatus.

[0235] The communication apparatus also includes infrastructure facilities, such as base stations, access points, and any other apparatus, device, or system that communicates with or controls the various apparatuses listed above, but are not limited to these.

[0236] A terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure includes a receiving circuit that receives information from a second node regarding determination of parameters to be used for open-loop control of a first node, and a control circuit that performs the open-loop control based on the information.

[0237] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the open loop control is uplink transmission power control for the first node, and the parameter is a parameter related to a path loss between the terminal and the first node.

[0238] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the information includes information regarding the location of the first node, and the control circuit calculates the path loss based on the distance between the location of the terminal and the location of the first node, and performs the uplink transmission power control based on the path loss.

[0239] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the information includes information regarding the correspondence between location and reception quality, and the control circuit calculates the path loss from the reception quality associated with the location of the terminal based on the information, and performs the uplink transmission power control based on the path loss.

[0240] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the receiving circuit receives control information indicating one of a plurality of candidates for a transmission power control parameter set, and the control circuit performs closed-loop control for the first node based on the transmission power control parameter set corresponding to the control information.

[0241] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the control circuitry performs closed-loop control for the first node based on a beam direction applied to a signal for the first node.

[0242] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the first node is a node that does not transmit a reference signal.

[0243] A terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure includes a transmitting circuit that transmits a first signal to a first node, and a control circuit that, when receiving a second signal from a second node in response to transmitting the first signal, determines the transmission power of a third signal to be transmitted to the first node in response to receiving the second signal based on setting information regarding the transmission power of the first signal.

[0244] In a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a terminal receives information related to determination of parameters to be used for open-loop control of a first node from a second node, and performs the open-loop control based on the information.

[0245] In a communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a terminal transmits a first signal to a first node, and when the terminal receives a second signal from a second node in response to the transmission of the first signal, the terminal determines the transmission power of a third signal to be transmitted to the first node in response to the reception of the second signal based on setting information regarding the transmission power of the first signal.

[0246] The disclosures of the specification, drawings and abstract contained in Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-126591, filed on July 27, 2020, are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. [Industrial Applicability]

[0247] One embodiment of the present disclosure is useful in wireless communication systems. [Explanation of symbols]

[0248] 100 base stations 101,205 Control unit 102 Upper control signal generation unit 103 Downlink control information generation unit 104,206 Encoding section 105,207 Modulation section 106,208 Signal allocation section 107,209 Transmitter 108,201 Receiver 109,202 Extraction part 110,203 Demodulation section 111,204 Decoding section 200 devices

Claims

1. A terminal, a receiving circuit for receiving information relating to determination of parameters used in open-loop control of the first node from the second node; a control circuit that performs the open-loop control based on the information; Equipped with the open loop control is uplink transmission power control for the first node, the parameter is a parameter related to a path loss between the terminal and the first node, the control circuit determines a path loss between the terminal and the first node based on the information, and performs transmission power control of the uplink based on the determined path loss. Terminal.

2. The terminal is receiving information from the second node relating to determining parameters used in open-loop control of the first node; performing the open-loop control based on the information; the open loop control is uplink transmission power control for the first node, the parameter is a parameter related to a path loss between the terminal and the first node, determining a path loss between the terminal and the first node based on the information, and performing transmission power control of the uplink based on the determined path loss; Communication method.

3. An integrated circuit for controlling processing of a terminal, a receiving circuit for receiving information relating to determination of parameters used in open-loop control of the first node from the second node; a control circuit that performs the open-loop control based on the information; Equipped with the open loop control is uplink transmission power control for the first node, the parameter is a parameter related to a path loss between the terminal and the first node, the control circuit determines a path loss between the terminal and the first node based on the information, and performs transmission power control of the uplink based on the determined path loss. Integrated circuit.

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