Developer regulation member, developing device, image forming apparatus, and method for manufacturing developer regulation member

Abstract

To suitably stabilize the amount of developer to be conveyed.SOLUTION: A regulation member 78 extends along a developing roller 76 carrying developer 79, is arranged opposite to the developing roller 76 with a gap Db, and regulates the amount of the developer 79 to be carried on the developing roller 76. A regulation surface 78a facing the developing roller 76 satisfies the following conditional expression. (1) L2 / L1<A / Sdr+B. In the expression, Sd: the developed area ratio of an interface. L1: a first length of the regulation surface along an extension direction. L2: a second length of the regulation surface including microscopic irregularities in the extension direction. A: a coefficient. B: a section.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 7

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a developer regulating member that regulates the amount of developer carried on a developing roller, a developing device and an image forming apparatus that include the developer regulating member, and a method for manufacturing the developer regulating member. [Background technology]

[0002] In an image forming apparatus, a photoconductor is exposed to light based on image data, and a developer containing toner is supplied by a developing device to the photoconductor, thereby forming a toner image on the photoconductor.

[0003] In the developing device, unevenness in the amount of toner conveyed in the longitudinal direction of the developing roller (developing sleeve) occurred mainly for the following reasons. The regulating surface of the regulating member that regulates the amount of developer transported was not machined with sufficient precision. - As the toner fluidity deteriorated, it became more susceptible to the surface roughness of the regulating surface, causing the amount of toner conveyed to become unstable.

[0004] In response to this, the developing device described in Patent Document 1 adjusts the position and posture of the regulating member to stabilize the amount of toner conveyed. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2022-132709 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] However, in the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, it is necessary to adjust the regulating member every time the configuration around the developing device is changed, and therefore it is not versatile. The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has as its object to suitably stabilize the amount of developer transported. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a developer regulating member that extends along a developing roller that carries a developer, is disposed opposite the developing roller with a predetermined gap therebetween, and regulates the amount of developer carried by the developing roller, The regulating surface facing the developing roller satisfies the following conditional expression. L2 / L1 < A / Sdr+B (1) however, Sdr: Developed area ratio of the interface L1: First length of the regulating surface along the extension direction L2: Second length of the regulating surface including microscopic irregularities in the extension direction A: Coefficient B: Intercept [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] According to the present invention, the amount of developer transported can be suitably stabilized. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1] 1 is a diagram showing an overall configuration of an image forming apparatus according to an embodiment; [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a developing unit according to the embodiment. [Figure 3] 10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating the amount of developer passing through a gap between a developing roller and a regulating surface according to an embodiment. [Figure 4] 10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating the amount of developer passing through a gap between a developing roller and a regulating surface according to an embodiment. [Figure 5] 10 is an image of a graph for evaluating the influence of the surface roughness of the regulating surface on the amount of developer transported. [Figure 6] 10 is a diagram for explaining a ratio (development ratio) of a second length of the restriction surface including microscopic irregularities in the extension direction to a first length of the restriction surface along the extension direction of the restriction member. FIG. [Figure 7] 10 is a graph showing the results of actual measurements, with the vertical axis representing the expansion ratio and the horizontal axis representing Sdr. [Figure 8]8 is a graph showing a part of the plot of FIG. 7 with 1 / Sdr on the horizontal axis. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a shaving process. [Figure 10] 10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating an example of a state of a regulating surface after shaving. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0010] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0011] [Overall configuration of image forming device] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the overall configuration of an image forming apparatus 1 according to this embodiment. As shown in this figure, the image forming apparatus 1 includes a paper feed section 2, a printing section 3, and a paper discharge section 4. Of these, the printing unit 3 includes four image forming units 5, an intermediate transfer belt 6, a secondary transfer roller 8, and a fixing unit 9.

[0012] The four image forming units 5 are arranged in series (tandem) along the belt surface of the intermediate transfer belt 6, and form images of each color, K, C, M, and Y, for example, from the right side in FIG. 1. Note that the image forming unit 5 for K has larger components than the units for the other colors. However, the basic principle of toner image formation is the same for all image forming units 5. Toner cartridges 18 for each color are provided above the intermediate transfer belt 6, storing toner to be replenished to the image forming units 5 (developing units 7) for each color.

[0013] Each image forming unit 5 includes a photoreceptor 11 , a charging unit 12 , an exposure unit 14 , a developing unit 7 , and a cleaning unit 15 . In each image forming unit 5, first, the drum-shaped photoconductor 11 is charged by the charging unit 12. Next, a light beam emitted from the exposure unit 14 is scanned over the photoconductor 11 based on image data to form an electrostatic latent image. When the developing unit 7 supplies a color material such as toner for development, an image (toner image) is formed on the photoconductor 11.

[0014] The images formed on the photoconductors 11 of the four image forming units 5 are sequentially superimposed and subjected to primary transfer onto the intermediate transfer belt 6. The intermediate transfer belt 6 is an image carrier that rotates while being wound around multiple rollers. As a result, toner images of each color are formed on the intermediate transfer belt 6. Any color material remaining on the photoconductors 11 after the primary transfer is scraped off by a cleaning unit 15 and collected in a waste toner box 17 located in front of the intermediate transfer belt 6.

[0015] The toner image that has been primarily transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt 6 is secondarily transferred by a secondary transfer roller 8 onto paper supplied from the paper feed unit 2. Residual toner that has not been secondarily transferred and remains on the intermediate transfer belt 6 is scraped off by a cleaning device 16 and collected in a waste toner box 17. The paper onto which the toner image has been secondarily transferred is transported to a fixing unit 9 where the toner image is fixed, and then discharged to a paper discharge unit 4.

[0016] [Configuration of the development section] 2 is a diagram showing the developing unit 7. In the following, the direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper in FIG. 2 is referred to as the Y direction. 2, the developing unit 7 is an example of a developing device according to the present invention, and includes a housing 71. The housing 71 accommodates a first conveying screw 72, a second conveying screw 73, and a developing roller 76.

[0017] A developer supply path 71a and a developer circulation path 71b are defined inside the housing 71. A first conveying screw 72 is disposed in the developer supply path 71a, and a second conveying screw 73 is disposed in the developer circulation path 71b. In each of the developer supply path 71a and the developer circulation path 71b, the developer 79 is conveyed in the Y direction by the first conveying screw 72 and the second conveying screw 73.

[0018] The developing roller 76 is disposed opposite the photosensitive member 11 and functions as a developer carrier. Specifically, the developing roller 76 includes a cylindrical developing sleeve 76a extending along the Y direction and a magnet member 76b disposed therein. The developing sleeve 76a is made of a non-magnetic material and is fitted onto the magnet member 76b. The developing sleeve 76a is rotatably supported by the housing 71 and is driven to rotate by a driving means (not shown). The magnet member 76b is a multi-pole magnet with multiple magnetic poles arranged radially, and is fixed to the housing 71. The developing roller 76 is exposed to the developer supply path 71a, and developer 79 is supplied from the developer supply path 71a. The developing roller 76 carries the supplied developer 79 on the outer peripheral surface of the developing sleeve 76a, and supplies the toner contained in the carried developer 79 to the outer peripheral surface of the photosensitive member 11.

[0019] The housing 71 is also provided with a blade-shaped regulating member 78 that extends in the Y direction along the developing roller 76. The regulating member 78 corresponds to an example of a developer regulating member according to the present invention. The regulating member 78 is disposed along the radial direction of the developing roller 76, with a regulating surface 78a at its tip facing the outer circumferential surface of the developing roller 76 over the entire length of the developing roller 76 in the Y direction. The regulating member 78 regulates the amount of developer 79 carried on the developing roller 76 by a gap (clearance) Db between the regulating surface 78a and the developing roller 76. By keeping the gap Db constant over the entire length of the developing roller 76 in the Y direction, the amount of developer 79 supplied is made uniform in the Y direction, and density variations on the image in the paper feed direction are suppressed. The material of the regulating member 78 is not particularly limited, but in this embodiment it is made of stainless steel, a non-magnetic material.

[0020] [Regarding surface roughness of regulated surfaces] If the surface roughness of the regulating surface 78a of the regulating member 78 on the downstream side in the passing direction (conveying direction) PD of the developer 79 is large, the amount of developer 79 conveyed passing through the gap Db decreases. Specifically, as shown in Figure 3, when the surface roughness of the regulating surface 78a is sound, the developer 79 moves slowly on the regulating member 78 side and relatively quickly on the developing roller 76 side, with the average position (shown by the dashed line) where the magnetic brush is cut off by magnetic regulation as the boundary. 4, if the surface roughness of the downstream portion of the regulating surface 78a is large, the developer 79 stagnates and moves slowly, the cleaning ability of the regulating surface 78a is reduced, and toner tends to adhere to the developer 79. As a result, the moving speed of the developer 79 decreases downstream in the transport direction PD, and the amount of developer 79 transported decreases. For these reasons, it is desirable that the surface roughness of the downstream portion of the regulating surface 78a is not large. Also, since variations in the surface roughness in the extension direction (Y direction) cause unevenness in the transport amount in the Y direction, it is desirable that the surface roughness have little variation in the Y direction.

[0021] Here, in order to evaluate the influence of the surface roughness of the regulating surface 78a on the transport amount of the developer 79, the parameters of the evaluation graph are set as follows. 5, the amount of developer 79 transported is affected by the roughness and area of ​​the regulating surface 78a, so the horizontal axis of this graph needs to be quantified by surface roughness. Therefore, we adopted the developed area ratio Sdr of the interface, which is a parameter representing the developed area of ​​the surface roughness. The developed area ratio Sdr is defined in ISO 25178 and indicates how much the developed area (surface area) of a defined area increases relative to the area of ​​the defined area. The Sdr of a completely flat surface is 0, and if the surface is inclined, the Sdr increases.

[0022] On the other hand, the vertical axis is defined as the ratio (expansion ratio) R of the second length L2 of the regulating surface 78a, including microscopic irregularities in the Y direction, to the first length L1 of the regulating surface 78a along the extension direction (Y direction) of the regulating member 78, as shown in Fig. 6. In other words, the first length L1 is the design value of the length in the Y direction, and the second length L2 is the length in the Y direction including the irregularities of the actual machined surface 78c. Therefore, the expansion ratio R can be called the uniformity of the roughness of the regulating surface 78a in the Y direction. This definition makes it possible to suitably evaluate cases where the conveyance amount varies if the variation in the Y direction is large even when the surface roughness is small, and conversely, cases where the conveyance amount does not vary if the variation in the Y direction is small even when the surface roughness is large. This graph with vertical and horizontal axes can be considered to include three regions E1 to E3, as shown in Figure 5. Region E1 is a region that does not affect the transport amount of developer 79. Region E2 is a region where the transport amount can be stably secured and density unevenness in the paper feed direction does not occur. Region E3 is a region where the transport amount decreases and becomes unstable, making the above-mentioned density unevenness likely to occur.

[0023] [Actual measurement evaluation] The influence of the surface roughness of the regulating surface 78a was evaluated by actually measuring the above parameters. The measurement conditions are as follows. Gap Db: 0.5mm Thickness of the restricting member 78: 2mm Surface roughness of developing roller 76: 12 μmRz (maximum height roughness) Magnetic force of the developing roller 76 at the position of the regulating member 78: 60 mT Measurement conditions for the deployment area ratio Sdr Measuring device: Laser microscope VK-X3000 (Keyence) Measurement conditions: Objective lens magnification: 5x Measurement mode: Auto focus with focus variation Measurement pitch: 12 μm The developed area ratio Sdr is the value at the downstream end (e.g., 10%) in the conveying direction PD. The second length L2 of the processing surface 78c was obtained from an enlarged cross-sectional image of the restriction surface 78a.

[0024] The graph of the measurement results is shown in Figure 7. Among the plots in the figure, at points N1 and N2, density unevenness in the paper feed direction was confirmed. Also, at points C1, C2, and C3, signs of density unevenness in the paper feed direction were observed. Therefore, points C1, C2, and C3 were set as the upper limit values ​​of the expansion ratio R.

[0025] 8 is a diagram in which points C1, C2, and C3 are plotted on a graph with the horizontal axis representing the reciprocal of Sdr (1 / Sdr). As shown in this diagram, the upper limit of the expansion ratio R is inversely proportional to Sdr. That is, the restriction surface 78a satisfies the following conditional expression (1). L2 / L1 < A / Sdr+B (1) where A and B are the coefficient and intercept of a given value. Intercept B includes zero. The fact that the expansion ratio R is inversely proportional to Sdr means that as Sdr increases, the expansion ratio R decreases. In fact, when Sdr increases and the unevenness of the regulating surface 78a increases, the expansion ratio R required to suppress unevenness in the amount of developer transport decreases, so this tendency can be said to be reasonable.

[0026] As shown in FIG. 7, the upper limit line F1 of the expansion ratio R that passes through points C1, C2, and C3 has, for example, a coefficient A of 0.1 and an intercept B of 0.9 in conditional formula (1). However, the coefficient A and intercept B differ depending on whether the material of the regulating member 78 is magnetic or non-magnetic, and the above values ​​apply when the regulating member 78 is made of a non-magnetic material. When the regulating member 78 is made of a magnetic material, the amount of developer 79 transported is reduced compared to when the regulating member 78 is made of a nonmagnetic material. The transport amount when the regulating member 78 is made of a nonmagnetic material is 1.3 to 1.5 times that when the regulating member 78 is made of a magnetic material. The fact that the transport amount is greater when the regulating member 78 is made of a nonmagnetic material at the same gap Db means that, unlike the regulating member 78 made of a magnetic material, the magnetic force is not able to limit the amount of developer 79 transported. Therefore, if the transport amount and the expansion ratio R required to reduce unevenness are inversely proportional to each other, the regulating member 78 made of a magnetic material has a wider usable range of expansion ratio R than the nonmagnetic material. This ratio is considered to be approximately 1.3 to 1.5 times, which is the reciprocal of the decrease in transport amount. If this ratio is 1.3 times, the coefficient A and intercept B of conditional expression (1) are, for example, 0.15 and 1.1 (see upper limit line F3 in Figure 7).

[0027] Moreover, it is preferable that the restriction surface 78a satisfy the following conditional expression (2). Sdr > 0.1 (2) In other words, Sdr = 0.1 is the lower limit line F2 of the developed area ratio Sdr. The smaller Sdr is, the better, but from the perspective of processing accuracy and productivity, it can be said that the lower limit of Sdr is 0.1.

[0028] [Processing method for restricting components] A method for processing (manufacturing) the regulating member 78 will be described. The restriction member 78 is produced by press working and then shaving. In the press working, the entire shape of the regulating member 78 is produced.

[0029] 9, the shaving process finishes the regulating surface 78a by slightly shaving off the end surface, including sagging and broken surfaces, caused by the press process, with a punch 81. In the shaving process, the regulating surface 78a is shaved along the transport direction PD of the developer 79, which is perpendicular to the extension direction (Y direction).

[0030] As shown in Figure 10, even after shaving, the downstream portion G1 of the restricting surface 78a has a greater surface roughness than the upstream portion. The downstream end G2, which is the most downstream portion, is a fractured surface caused by shaving, and has a particularly large surface roughness. This downstream end G2 accounts for approximately 10% of the thickness t of the restricting member 78. The downstream end G2 has a large surface roughness, which easily affects the amount of transport of the developer 79. Therefore, it is preferable that the developed area ratio Sdr and the second length L2 are values ​​at the downstream end G2 of the regulating surface 78a. In general development systems, the amount of developer transported is often determined by the processing accuracy of the entrance of the regulating member. If the fluidity of the developer deteriorates, the surface roughness of the processed surface on the exit side becomes important, but this is only possible if the processing accuracy of the entrance of the regulating member is guaranteed.

[0031] [Technical effect of this embodiment] As described above, according to this embodiment, the ratio (deployment ratio R) between the first length L1 of the regulating surface 78a along the Y direction (extension direction) and the second length L2 of the regulating surface 78a including microscopic irregularities in the Y direction satisfies the following conditional expression (1) with respect to the development area ratio Sdr. L2 / L1 < A / Sdr+B (1) That is, the upper limit of the expansion ratio R is inversely proportional to the expansion area ratio Sdr. Therefore, by managing (processing, inspecting, etc.) the regulating surface 78a so as to satisfy the conditional expression (1), the amount of conveyed developer 79 can be suitably stabilized.

[0032] Furthermore, according to this embodiment, the restriction surface 78a satisfies the following conditional expression (2). Sdr > 0.1 (2) Therefore, by setting the regulating surface 78a so as to satisfy the conditional expression (2), the amount of developer 79 transported can be more suitably stabilized.

[0033] Furthermore, according to this embodiment, the thickness of the regulating member 78 in the transport direction PD of the developer 79 is preferably 1 mm or more and 2 mm or less. If the thickness of the regulating member 78 is less than 1 mm, it is too thin and difficult to handle during press processing and shaving. Conversely, if the thickness of the regulating member 78 exceeds 2 mm, it is too thick and the processing time for press processing and shaving processing increases, reducing productivity. Furthermore, if the regulating member 78 is made thicker, it becomes more difficult to reduce variations in processing accuracy in the thickness direction (transport direction PD) in order to make the amount of developer 79 transported uniform in the longitudinal direction.

[0034] Furthermore, according to this embodiment, the gap Db between the developing roller 76 and the regulating surface 78a is preferably 0.4 mm or more and 0.6 mm or less. If the gap Db is less than 0.4 mm, the amount of developer 79 transported may be too small, which may result in the latent image function not working on the photosensitive member 11. Conversely, if the gap Db exceeds 0.6 mm, the amount of developer 79 transported may be too large, which may result in the developer 79 clogging between the developing roller 76 and the photosensitive member 11, which may result in poor image quality.

[0035] Furthermore, according to this embodiment, the magnetic force of the developing roller 76 at the position of the regulating member 78 is preferably 40 mT or more and 70 mT or less. If the magnetic force of the developing roller 76 is less than 40 mT, the retention of the developer 79 on the developing roller 76 will decrease, and the amount of developer transported will be too small, which may prevent the latent image from forming on the photosensitive member 11. Conversely, if the magnetic force of the developing roller 76 exceeds 70 mT, the retention of the developer 79 on the developing roller 76 will be too strong, causing the amount of developer 79 on the developing roller 76 to increase more than necessary. This may cause the developer 79 to become clogged between the developing roller 76 and the regulating member 78, increasing the rotational torque of the developing roller 76.

[0036] Furthermore, according to this embodiment, the surface roughness of the developing roller 76 (developing sleeve 76a) is preferably 8 μmRz or more and 12 μmRz or less. If the surface roughness of the developing roller 76 is less than 8 μmRz, the retention force of the developer 79 on the developing roller 76 will decrease, and the amount of developer transported will be too small, which may prevent the latent image from forming on the photosensitive member 11. This means that the force that transports the developer 79 in the transport direction due to the unevenness of the surface of the developing roller 76 will be defeated by the force that holds the developer 79 in the same position due to the magnetic force of the magnetic member 76b. Conversely, if the surface roughness of the developing roller 76 exceeds 12 μmRz, the retention force of the developer 79 on the developing roller 76 will be too strong, and the amount of developer 79 on the developing roller 76 will increase more than necessary. This may cause the developer 79 to clog between the developing roller 76 and the regulating member 78, increasing the rotational torque of the developing roller 76.

[0037] Furthermore, according to this embodiment, the processing of the regulating member 78 includes only pressing and shaving, and does not include secondary processing such as additional polishing or surface treatment. This reduces processing costs and improves productivity.

[0038] Furthermore, according to this embodiment, in the shaving process, the regulating surface 78a is shaved along the transport direction PD of the developer 79, which is perpendicular to the Y direction. In other words, the direction of the shaving process is the same as the transport direction PD of the developer 79. In typical machining, the machining accuracy of the machined surface is higher on the upstream side where the blade enters than on the downstream side where the blade exits. Also, in a typical development system, the amount of developer transport is often determined by the machining accuracy of the inlet of the regulating member 78 through which the developer enters. When discussing deterioration of the fluidity of the developer (toner), as in this embodiment, the surface roughness of the downstream side of the machined surface becomes important. However, this is premised on the premise that the machining accuracy on the upstream side of the regulating member 78 is guaranteed.

[0039] Furthermore, according to this embodiment, the developed area ratio Sdr and the second length L2 are values ​​of the downstream portion of the restriction surface 78a in the shaving direction. In the shaving process, the surface roughness is greater on the downstream side in the processing direction than on the upstream side, so by maintaining the downstream developed area ratio Sdr and the second length L2 at appropriate values, the amount of developer 79 transported can be stabilized appropriately.

[0040] [others] The above describes one embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments to which the present invention can be applied are not limited to the above-described embodiment and its variations, and can be modified as appropriate within the scope of the spirit of the present invention.

[0041] For example, the regulating surface 78a of the regulating member 78 does not have to face the outer circumferential surface of the developing roller 76, and may be inclined within a predetermined range with respect to the tangent direction of the outer circumferential surface. The present invention can also be widely applied to developer regulating members that regulate the amount of developer carried on a developing roller, such as those used in monochrome or color copiers, printers, fax machines, and multifunction machines thereof. [Explanation of symbols]

[0042] 1. Image forming device 7 Development section 11 Photoreceptor 71 Housing 76 Developing roller 76a Developing sleeve 76b Magnet member 78 Regulatory Members 78a Regulatory aspects 78c machined surface 79 Developer R expansion ratio Sdr development area ratio A coefficient B-intercept Db Gap F1 Upper limit of expansion ratio (for non-magnetic materials) F2 Lower limit of deployment area ratio F3 Upper limit of development ratio (for magnetic materials) G1 Downstream portion of the regulation surface G2 Downstream end of the regulation surface PD conveying direction

Claims

1. a developer regulating member extending along a developing roller that carries a developer, disposed opposite the developing roller with a gap therebetween, and regulating the amount of developer carried by the developing roller, A developer regulating member, the regulating surface facing the developing roller, satisfies the following conditional formula: L2 / L1 < A / Sdr+B...(1) however, Sdr: Interface development area ratio L1: First length of the restriction surface along the extension direction L2: Second length of the regulating surface including microscopic irregularities in the extension direction A: Coefficient B: Intercept

2. The restriction surface satisfies the following conditional expression: The developer regulating member according to claim 1 . Sdr > 0.1...(2)

3. the developed area ratio and the second length are values ​​of a downstream portion of the regulating surface in a developer transport direction perpendicular to the extension direction, The developer regulating member according to claim 1 .

4. Constructed of non-magnetic materials, The coefficient A is 0.1 and the intercept B is 0.

9. The developer regulating member according to claim 1 .

5. Consisting of magnetic material, The coefficient A and the intercept B are different from values ​​when the magnetic material is made of a non-magnetic material. The developer regulating member according to claim 1 .

6. the thickness of the regulating surface in the developer transport direction is 1 mm or more and 2 mm or less; The developer regulating member according to claim 1 .

7. The developer regulating member according to claim 1 ; the developing roller facing the regulating surface and carrying a two-component developer; Developing device.

8. a gap between the developing roller and the regulating surface is 0.4 mm or more and 0.6 mm or less; The developing device according to claim 7 .

9. the magnetic force of the developing roller at the position of the developer regulating member is 40 mT or more and 70 mT or less; The developing device according to claim 7 .

10. The surface roughness of the developing roller is 8 μmRz or more and 12 μmRz or less. The developing device according to claim 7 .

11. A photoreceptor; a charging unit that charges the photosensitive member; an exposure unit that exposes the photoreceptor to light to form an electrostatic latent image; and the developing device according to claim 7 , which supplies toner to the photosensitive member for development. Image forming device.

12. A method for manufacturing the developer regulating member according to claim 1, The method includes a press process for creating an overall shape, and a shaving process of the regulating surface performed after the press process. A method for manufacturing a developer regulating member.

13. No secondary processing is included The method for manufacturing the developer regulating member according to claim 12 .

14. In the shaving process, the regulating surface is shaved along a transport direction of the developer that is perpendicular to the extension direction. The method for manufacturing the developer regulating member according to claim 12 .

15. The developed area ratio and the second length are values ​​of a downstream portion of the regulating surface in the processing direction of the shaving process. The method for manufacturing the developer regulating member according to claim 12 .

Images