Encoding method, encoding device, and readable storage medium

Abstract

The present application discloses an encoding method, an encoding apparatus and a readable storage medium, which belong to the field of communication technology, and includes: an encoding end obtains a transmission symbol of a current symbol period by encoding according to a DSTBC encoding scheme, an NSTBC codebook and a power sum of transmission symbols on a transmission antenna for the first two symbol periods; and the encoding end determines a transmission symbol of a symbol period next to the current symbol period according to the transmission symbol of the current symbol period and the NSTBC codebook, where the first two symbol periods are two adjacent symbol periods before the current symbol period.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] (CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS) This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202210056640.9 filed in China on January 18, 2022, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] The present application relates to the field of communications technology, and in particular to an encoding method, an encoding device and a readable storage medium. [Background technology]

[0003] Conventional Orthogonal Space Time Block Code (OSTBC)-based coding codebooks, including Alamouti codes, can achieve full diversity gain and full rate at the same time. They are all designed for conventional active radio frequency communication, and do not consider modulation characteristics and implementation complexity similar to passive terminals such as backscattering communication, and require the decoding end to know the channel state information (CSI) between all transmit antennas and receive antennas.

[0004] Conventional differential space-time block codes are only applicable to constant modulus modulation such as Multiple Phase Shift Keying (MPSK). For non-constant modulus modulation such as Amplitude Phase Shift Keying (APSK) and Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), the energy of each constellation symbol is different, so the encoding and decoding methods of conventional differential space-time block codes cannot be directly adopted.

[0005] Currently, there is a need for a coding method that can reduce the implementation complexity of the system without requiring the decoding end to know the CSI from all transmit antennas to the receive antennas, and that can be applied to differential space-time block codes with non-constant modulus modulation. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] The embodiments of the present application provide an encoding method, an encoding device, and a readable storage medium that can reduce the implementation complexity of a system without the decoding end knowing CSI from all transmitting antennas to receiving antennas, and solve the problem that application to non-constant modulus modulation cannot be realized. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] A first aspect provides a method of encoding, the method comprising: The encoding end performs encoding according to a differential space-time block coding (DSTBC) encoding scheme, a new space-time block coding (NSTBC) codebook, and a power sum of transmission symbols on a transmission antenna for first two symbol periods to obtain a transmission symbol for a current symbol period, where the first two symbol periods are two adjacent symbol periods before the current symbol period; The encoding terminal determines a transmission symbol for a symbol period following the current symbol period based on the transmission symbol for the current symbol period and an NSTBC codebook.

[0008] A second aspect provides an encoding device, the encoding device comprising: A differential encoding module, the encoding end is for encoding according to a differential space-time block code DSTBC encoding scheme, a new space-time block code NSTBC codebook, and a power sum of transmission symbols on a transmission antenna in first two symbol periods to obtain a transmission symbol in a current symbol period, the first two symbol periods being two adjacent symbol periods before the current symbol period; The encoding end includes an NSTBC encoding module for determining, based on a transmission symbol of the current symbol period and an NSTBC codebook, a transmission symbol of a symbol period following the current symbol period.

[0009] A third aspect provides an encoding terminal, the encoding terminal including a processor and a memory, the memory storing a program or instructions operable on the processor, the program or instructions, when executed by the processor, implementing steps of the method of the first aspect.

[0010] A fourth aspect provides an encoding terminal, the encoding terminal including a processor and a communication interface, wherein the processor performs the following steps: the encoding terminal performs encoding according to a DSTBC encoding scheme, an NSTBC codebook, and a power sum of transmission symbols on a transmission antenna for a first two symbol periods to obtain a transmission symbol for a current symbol period; The encoding end is used for determining a transmission symbol of a symbol period following the current symbol period based on the transmission symbol of the current symbol period and an NSTBC codebook, and the first two symbol periods are two adjacent symbol periods before the current symbol period.

[0011] A fifth aspect provides a readable storage medium having stored thereon a program or instructions which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method of the first aspect.

[0012] A sixth aspect provides a chip, the chip including a processor and a communication interface, the communication interface coupled to the processor, the processor running a program or instructions and adapted to implement the method of the first aspect.

[0013] A seventh aspect provides a computer program product, the computer program product being stored on a storage medium, the computer program / program product being executed by at least one processor to implement the steps of the method according to the first aspect.

[0014] An eighth aspect provides a communications device, said communications device configured to perform the steps of the method according to the first aspect. Effect of the Invention

[0015] In the embodiment of the present application, the DSTBC coding scheme, the NSTBC codebook and the power sum of the transmission symbols on the transmission antennas in the first two symbol periods are used to calculate the transmission symbols of the current symbol period, while the low-complexity NSTBC codebook is used to calculate the transmission symbols of the next symbol period. Based on the DSTBC design, neither the encoding end nor the decoding end needs to know the CSI, that is, there is no need to transmit pilot signals on each transmission antenna, reducing the system overhead, and the power sum of the transmission symbols on the transmission antennas in the first two symbol periods is used to calculate the transmission symbols of the current symbol period, realizing the application of non-constant modulus modulation. At the same time, the NSTBC codebook can guarantee the diversity gain while reducing the number of load impedance types on the antennas, reducing the implementation complexity of the system and effectively reducing the detection error probability. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0016] [Figure 1a] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the backscatter communication launch terminal. [Figure 1b]FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of Alamouti space-time block code diversity transmission. [Diagram 2] 2 is a flow chart of an encoding method according to an embodiment of the present application; [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of an encoding device according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 4] 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application; [Diagram 5] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a network side device according to an embodiment of the present application; DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0017] The following clearly describes the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0018] The terms "first," "second," etc. in the specification and claims of the present application are intended to distinguish between similar objects and are not intended to describe a particular order or sequence. It is to be understood that the terms used in this manner are interchangeable where appropriate, such that the embodiments of the present application may be performed in an order other than that shown or described herein. Furthermore, the objects distinguished by "first" and "second" are generally of the same type and do not limit the number of objects, e.g., the first object may be one or more. In addition, "and / or" in the specification and claims represents at least one of the objects connected, and the character " / " generally represents an "or" relationship between the related objects.

[0019] It should be noted that the techniques described in the embodiments of the present application are not limited to Long Term Evolution (LTE) / LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, but can also be applied to other wireless communication systems, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single-carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), and other systems. The terms "system" and "network" in the embodiments of the present application are always used interchangeably, and the techniques described may be used in the above-mentioned systems and radio technologies, or in other systems and radio technologies. Although the following description describes a New Radio (NR) system for illustrative purposes, and NR terminology is used in most of the following description, these techniques may also be used in applications other than NR system applications, such as sixth generation (6G) and 7G (8G) systems. th This may be applied to a 6G (6th Generation) communication system.

[0020] In the embodiment of the present application, the coding end may be disposed on a transmitting device, for example, a terminal or a network side device, where the terminal may be a mobile phone, a tablet personal computer (TPC), a laptop computer (LC) (or called a notebook computer), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a palmtop computer, a netbook, an ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), a mobile internet device (MID), an augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) device, a robot, a wearable device (WD), a vehicle user equipment (VUE), a pedestrian user equipment (PUE), a smart home (home equipment having wireless communication function, such as a refrigerator, a television, a washing machine, or furniture), a game console, a personal computer (Personal The wearable device may be a terminal side device such as a terminal computer (PC), a deposit and withdrawal machine or a self-service machine, and the wearable device includes a smart watch, a smart wristband, a smart earphone, a smart glasses, a smart accessory (smart bracelet, smart hand chain, smart finger ring, smart necklace, smart ankle bracelet, smart anklet, etc.), a smart band, a smart clothing, etc. It should be noted that the specific type of the terminal in the embodiment of the present application is not limited. The network side device may include an access network device or a core network device. Here, the access network device may be called a radio access network device, a radio access network (Radio Access Network, RAN), a radio access network function, or a radio access network unit.The access network equipment may include a base station, a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) access point, or a Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) node, etc., and the base station may be called a Node B, an evolved Node B (eNB), an access point, a base transceiver station (BTS), a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a Basic Service Set (BSS), an Extended Service Set (ESS), a home B node, a home evolved B node, a Transmitting Receiving Point (TRP), or any other suitable term in the art. As long as the same technical effect is achieved, the base station is not limited to a specific technical term, and it should be explained that in the embodiments of this application, only base stations in an NR system are introduced as examples, and the specific type of the base station is not limited.The core network devices include a core network node, a core network function, a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF), a session management function (SMF), a user plane function (UPF), a policy control function (PCF), a policy and charging rules function (PCRF), an edge application server discovery function (EASDF), a unified data management (UDM), a unified data repository (UDR), a home subscriber server (HSS), a centralized network configuration (CNC), a network repository function (NRF), a network exposure function (NEF), a local NEF (Local NEF or L-NEF), a binding support function (BSF), an application function (Application Response Function), a network QoS function (QoS function ... It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application only take the core network device in the NR system as an example, and do not limit the specific type of the core network device.

[0021] In order to better understand the technical solution of this application, the following content will be first introduced.

[0022] The future 6G communication network will need to support the interconnection of all things on a large scale, where the number of Internet of Things devices will reach the 100 billion level, and the connection density will be higher than that of the fifth generation (5G). th 10 to 100 times higher than the 5G (First Generation) communication system, with 10 to 100 pieces / m 2 The connection density will reach 100m. Large-scale Internet of Things devices also pose new challenges in terms of cost and power consumption. Cellular networking, low cost, low power consumption, and even zero power consumption passive are the main trends in the future development of Internet of Things devices. Traditional passive terminals are limited by their power consumption and hardware capabilities, and their communication transmission distance is mostly less than 10 meters, far from the cellular coverage goal of 100 meters. Therefore, how to effectively improve the communication distance of passive terminals has become a difficult problem that needs to be solved after the cellular networking of this technology.

[0023] Since backscatter communication (BSC) controls the amplitude or phase of a signal by changing the load impedance, there will be more or less errors in the amplitude or phase of the output signal when other non-ideal elements of the backscatter communication modulation circuit are taken into consideration. However, as long as these signal errors are within a recognizable range, they will not affect the signal demodulation. Therefore, if the number or types of load impedances that need to be controlled on the antenna are small, the allowable error will be large and the error detection probability will be small. In addition, due to the power consumption and capacity limitations of the backscatter communication equipment (BSC UE), in some cases, it is not desirable to waste power consumption and resources to transmit pilots, that is, it is required that the decoding end can complete the signal demodulation without knowing the CSI information.

[0024] Backscatter Communication (BSC) Backscattering communication refers to a backscattering communication device that uses radio frequency signals from other devices or environments to modulate signals and transmit its own information. The modulation circuit is as shown in Figure 1a, and the backscattering communication device adjusts its internal impedance to control the reflection coefficient Γ of the circuit to change the amplitude, frequency, phase, etc. of the incident signal to achieve signal modulation. Here, the reflection coefficient of the signal may be characterized as follows: JPEG2025503002000002.jpg2071 where Z 0 is the antenna characteristic impedance, Z 1 is the load impedance, j represents a complex number, and θ T represents the phase. The incident signal is S in (t), the output signal is S out (t)=S in (t)|Γ|e jθT Therefore, the corresponding amplitude modulation, frequency modulation or phase modulation can be realized by controlling the reflection coefficient reasonably. On this basis, the backscattering communication device can be a Tag in traditional Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), or a passive or semi-passive Internet of Things (IoT). For convenience, they are collectively referred to as BSC UE here.

[0025] Constant Modulation and Nonconstant Modulation Typical modulation techniques can be divided into constant modulus modulation and non-constant modulus modulation. The so-called constant modulus modulation is that the power or amplitude of the symbol constellation points after modulation is the same. Here, MPSK is a typical constant modulus modulation. On the other hand, non-constant modulus modulation is that the power or amplitude of the symbol constellation points after modulation is different. Typical non-constant modulus modulations include APSK, QAM, etc.

[0026] Since a typical constant modulus modulation MPSK distinguishes constellation points only on the phase dimension, the Euclidean distance between the constellation points is relatively small and is susceptible to noise interference. On the other hand, the constellation points of non-constant modulus modulation such as APSK or QAM extend to the two-dimensional space of amplitude and phase, and the Euclidean distance between the constellation points increases, so that the ability to resist noise or interference is stronger. Table 1 shows the difference in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) between MPSK and MQAM modulation at the same frequency band efficiency or modulation order. As can be seen from the table, at a certain bit error ratio (BER) performance, 64 Phase Shift Keying (PSK) requires an additional 9.95 dB SNR to obtain the same BER performance compared to 64QAM.

[0027] [Table 1]

[0028] About Orthogonal Space Time Block Code (OSTBC) Space-time block coding (STBC) is widely applied in cellular communications and wireless local area networks. STBC introduces signal redundancy in the space and time domains and rationally constructs the packet coding transmission matrix to obtain diversity gain and antenna gain without increasing the bandwidth.

[0029] An OSTBC is a special kind of linear STBC, in which a linear space-time block code S satisfies the following single condition: JPEG2025503002000004.jpg1051, where I represents the identity matrix with dimension M, i represents the i-th element of the M-dimension, and S i are the diagonal elements, the i-th row element in S represents the symbol transmitted on the i-th transmit antenna within M time periods, and the j-th column element in S represents the symbol transmitted on the i-th transmit antenna within M time periods.t represents the symbol transmitted on the j-th antenna at the j-th time. The columns in the transmission matrix S that satisfy the above formula are orthogonal to each other. This means that the transmitted signal sequences on different antennas are also orthogonal, thereby ensuring that STBC can obtain full diversity gain at the same time. The corresponding decoding end only needs to perform simple Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) to sequentially decouple the transmitted symbols on different antennas, and then use the Maximum Likelihood (ML) algorithm for detection and estimation.

[0030] Alamouti code is the most representative OSTBC code and can achieve full diversity and full rate gain. Figure 1b shows the block diagram of Alamouti code. In a given symbol period, two symbols are transmitted simultaneously on two antennas. In the current symbol period, the symbol transmitted on antenna 1 is denoted as S 1 Let the symbol transmitted on antenna 2 be S 2 However, in the next symbol period, the symbol transmitted on antenna 1 is (-S 2 * ), and the symbol transmitted on antenna 2 is S 1 * which results in the space-time block code matrix JPEG2025503002000005.jpg1534

[0031] The channels from the two transmitting antennas to the receiving antennas are h 1 ,h 2 and satisfy the time invariant property within two adjacent symbol periods, JPEG2025503002000006.jpg1095, JPEG2025503002000007.jpg1096, In two symbol periods, the received signal on the receive antenna is: JPEG2025503002000008.jpg1085, JPEG2025503002000009.jpg10103, where n 1 ,n 2 represents the reception noise and signal interference. The decoding end performs joint reception according to the following criteria: JPEG2025503002000010.jpg1050, JPEG2025503002000011.jpg1050, Received signal r 1 ,r 2 Substituting, we get: JPEG2025503002000012.jpg1094, JPEG2025503002000013.jpg1095, Finally, the ML detector detects the signal S 1 ,S 2 can be estimated.

[0032] In addition to the typical Alamouti block code, the codebook of a typical two-antenna OSTBC code is as shown in Table 2.

[0033] [Table 2]

[0034] New Space Time Block Code (NSTBC) In recent years, with the deepening of research on backscatter communication, some researchers have proposed the concept of backscatter diversity and designed a corresponding space-time block codeword, which reduces the complexity of hardware implementation and reduces the probability of detection errors by optimizing the codebook of the traditional Alamouti code.

[0035] Taking two-antenna emission diversity as an example, the dimension of the codeword matrix S at this time is 2×2, and the coding structure is as follows: JPEG2025503002000015.jpg10150, According to the above coding structure, in the current symbol period, the symbol transmitted on antenna 1 is denoted as S 1 Then, the symbol transmitted on antenna 2 is S 2 * However, in the next symbol period, the symbol transmitted on antenna 1 is S 2 and the symbol transmitted on antenna 2 is (-S 1 * ) According to the OSTBC codeword definition, S 2 Since it belongs to the OSTBC codeword, it can obtain full diversity gain and full rate transmission. In the following, we analyze the differences in backscatter communication between such codewords and conventional Alamouti codes.

[0036] If transmission is based on BPSK modulation symbols, according to the backscattering communication mapping principle, the mapping rule between symbols 0 and 1 and reflection coefficients is as follows: JPEG2025503002000016.jpg2045, That is, the symbols 0 and 1 are characterized by controlling two out-of-phase load impedances. Therefore, the diversity coding codeword S 2 The coding table for transmitting different symbols simultaneously on two antennas is shown in Table 5. For comparison, Tables 3 and 4 also show coding tables for Alamouti codewords and extended Alamouti codewords that transmit different symbols simultaneously on two antennas. Here, the extended Alamouti codeword is as follows: JPEG2025503002000017.jpg9150

[0037] [Table 3]

[0038] [Table 4]

[0039] [Table 5]

[0040] As can be seen from Table 3, in the codebook designed based on NSTBC, antenna 1 has two kinds of coefficients |Γ|e jθ and |Γ|e j(θ+π) Only one type of coefficient |Γ|e- jθ and |Γ|e- j(θ+π) That is, only two types of load impedance are required for each antenna. As can be seen from Tables 4 and 5, based on the Alamouti codeword and the extended Alamouti codeword, both antenna 1 and antenna 2 have four types of coefficients |Γ|e jθ , |Γ|e j(θ+π) , |Γ|e- jθ , |Γ|e- j(θ+π) Each antenna requires four load impedances. The same method can be extended to four antenna and higher scenarios.

[0041] About Differential Space Time Block Code (DSTBC) For conventional OSTBC and NSTBC, the decoding end adopts a decoding scheme of coherent detection, so the decoding end needs reliable channel state information (CSI) from the transmitting antenna to the receiving antenna. However, in a high-speed moving scenario or a scenario in which the channel fading condition changes rapidly, or in a scenario in which it is difficult to transmit a pilot due to power and cost limitations in backscattering communication, it is difficult for the decoding end to perform channel estimation reliably, or the cost of performing accurate channel estimation is high, and at this time the decoding end cannot obtain ideal CSI information. Differential space-time block coding is a scheme in which neither the encoding end nor the decoding end needs to know CSI information, coding and decoding are simple, and diversity gain can be obtained. The following will be described using an example of two-antenna transmission and one-antenna reception.

[0042] Assume that the transmitting encoding end transmits the following symbols in symbol period 1 and symbol period 2 according to the Alamouti scheme. JPEG2025503002000021.jpg9150, Here, the information S 1 ,S 2 does not carry any information and is used only as a reference signal. Next, the encoding end transmits using a differential encoding method. In the 2t-1th symbol period, the symbols transmitted from the first antenna and the second antenna are S 2t-1 and S. 2t Then, in the 2t-th symbol period, the symbols transmitted from the first antenna and the second antenna are -S 2 * t and-S 2 * t-1 In the 2t+1th symbol period, a set of 2m bits arrives at the coding end, and the corresponding coding coefficient vector (A(D 2t+1 ),B(D 2t+1)), and the encoding end generates the symbol vectors transmitted in the first two symbol periods and the current coding coefficient vector (A(D 2t+1 ),B(D 2t+1 )) based on the current 2t+1 Symbols transmitted in a symbol period Calculate JPEG2025503002000022.jpg6150, At the same time, based on the Alamouti codebook, the transmitted symbols on the two antennas in the 2t+2th symbol period are denoted as -S 2 * t+2 and S. 2 * t+1 Here, the coding coefficient vector (A(D 2t+1 ),B(D 2t+1 )) satisfies the following: JPEG2025503002000023.jpg6150, JPEG2025503002000024.jpg6150, According to the above encoding rules, the transmission symbols are repeatedly encoded.

[0043] At the receiving end, the signal r 2t-1 ,r 2t ,r 2t+1 ,r 2t+2 is received, the channel matrix is ​​defined as JPEG2025503002000025.jpg1556, The noise signal is: JPEG2025503002000026.jpg1058, The received signal may then be expressed as: JPEG2025503002000027.jpg676, JPEG2025503002000028.jpg10137, So, it becomes like this: JPEG2025503002000029.jpg16160, After the integration process, we obtain the following: JPEG2025503002000030.jpg17162, For simplicity, it is defined as follows: JPEG2025503002000031.jpg1077, JPEG2025503002000032.jpg6136, This gives us the following: JPEG2025503002000033.jpg10105, Combining the previous mathematical derivations, we get: JPEG2025503002000034.jpg15144, So, it becomes like this: JPEG2025503002000035.jpg10129, where JPEG2025503002000036.jpg1057.

[0044] The four time signals are processed as follows: JPEG2025503002000037.jpg22161, When expanded, we get JPEG2025503002000038.jpg16159, For simplicity, it is defined as follows: JPEG2025503002000039.jpg1077, JPEG2025503002000040.jpg6131, It is obtained as follows: JPEG2025503002000041.jpg10105, Combining the previous mathematical derivations, we get: JPEG2025503002000042.jpg6150, All the coding coefficient vectors in the coding coefficient vector set V have the same length, and Since JPEG2025503002000043.jpg1031 has a one-to-one correspondence with the input symbol information, the receiver can obtain the statistical signal vector (R 1 ,R 2 ) is determined to be the coding coefficient vector that is closest in Euclidean distance to Select JPEG2025503002000044.jpg1552 as the decoded output, JPEG2025503002000045.jpg11155, After computing JPEG2025503002000046.jpg1550, it is mapped back to the original symbol, thereby recovering the original bits.

[0045] Conventional OSTBC-based coding codebooks, including Alamouti, can obtain full diversity gain and full rate at the same time, but they are all designed for conventional active radio frequency communications, and do not take into account modulation characteristics and implementation complexity similar to passive terminals such as backscatter communications, and require the decoding end to know the channel state information (CSI) from all transmitting antennas to receiving antennas.

[0046] The NSTBC codebook proposed for backscatter communication reduces the hardware implementation complexity and detection error probability by optimizing the codebook of the conventional Alamouti code. This method requires the decoder to know the CSI information between all transmit and receive antennas. Conventional Alamouti-based differential space-time block codes do not require the CSI information between all transmit and receive antennas, but they do not take into account the modulation characteristics and implementation complexity of passive terminals similar to backscatter communication.

[0047] Furthermore, conventional differential space-time block codes are only applicable to constant modulus modulation such as MPSK, and for non-constant modulus modulation such as APSK and QAM, the energy of each constellation symbol is different, so the conventional encoding and decoding method of differential space-time block codes cannot be directly adopted. However, considering the constellation shaping gain that non-constant modulus modulation brings compared to constant modulus modulation, and the difference between the amplitude modulation capability and the phase modulation capability in backscattering communication, it is necessary to solve the encoding and decoding problem of differential space-time block codes based on non-constant modulus modulation.

[0048] In the following, the encoding method according to the embodiments of the present application will be described in detail through several embodiments and its application scenarios in conjunction with the drawings.

[0049] Referring to Figure 2, an embodiment of the present application provides an encoding method. The execution body of this method is an encoding end, which can be a terminal device or a network side device, and the method includes the following steps:

[0050] Step 201: the encoding end obtains a transmission symbol of a current symbol period by encoding according to the DSTBC encoding scheme, the NSTBC codebook, and the power sum of the transmission symbols on the transmission antennas of the first two symbol periods; Step 202: The encoding end determines, based on the transmission symbol of the current symbol period and the NSTBC codebook, the transmission symbol of the next symbol period after the current symbol period.

[0051] The first two symbol periods are two adjacent symbol periods before the current symbol period.

[0052] In the embodiment of the present application, the DSTBC coding scheme, the NSTBC codebook and the power sum of the transmission symbols on the transmission antennas in the first two symbol periods are used to calculate the transmission symbols of the current symbol period, while the low-complexity NSTBC codebook is used to calculate the transmission symbols of the next symbol period. Based on the DSTBC design, neither the encoding end nor the decoding end needs to know the CSI, that is, there is no need to transmit pilot signals on each transmission antenna, reducing the system overhead, and the power sum of the transmission symbols on the transmission antennas in the first two symbol periods is used to normalize when calculating the transmission symbols of the current symbol period, thereby realizing the application of non-constant modulus modulation. At the same time, the NSTBC codebook can guarantee the diversity gain while reducing the number of load impedance types on the antennas, reducing the implementation complexity of the system and effectively reducing the detection error probability.

[0053] The coding method according to the embodiment of the present application combines the DSTBC coding scheme and the NSTBC codebook, and calculates the symbol of the current symbol period by performing power normalization. It extracts the advantages of both, eliminates the need to transmit pilot signals on each transmit antenna, reduces system overhead, and realizes the application of non-constant modulus modulation to obtain constellation shaping gain. Using the NSTBC codebook, it can ensure diversity gain while reducing the number of load impedance types on the antenna, reduce the implementation complexity of the system, and effectively reduce the detection error probability. The new coding method obtained in this way can be called non-constant modulus differential NSTBC coding scheme.

[0054] In some specific embodiments, the non-constant modulus differential NSTBC coding scheme of the present application may be used in a two-antenna launch diversity scenario.

[0055] In some specific embodiments, the transmission symbols of the embodiments of the present application are constant modulus modulation symbols or non-constant modulus modulation symbols, where the constant modulus modulation includes at least BPSK modulation and Multiple Phase Shift Keying (MPSK), and the non-constant modulus modulation includes at least APSK modulation, that is, the modulation scheme used at the encoding end may include Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) and Amplitude Phase Shift Keying (APSK).

[0056] In some specific embodiments, an NSTBC codebook is used for space-time block coding, or an NSTBC codebook is used for polarization-time block coding, i.e., the two transmit antennas may be spatially separated or polarization-wise separated. Here, the polarization method is This includes one or more of horizontal polarization, vertical polarization, left elliptical polarization, right elliptical polarization, left circular polarization, and right circular polarization.

[0057] In some specific embodiments, there is a mapping relationship between the original bits of the current symbol period and the transmitted symbols of the current symbol period.

[0058] In the embodiment of the present application, first, a mapping relationship from (M, N)-APSK (APSK is taken as an example) to the NSTBC codebook is designed, where M represents the amplitude order of APSK and N represents the phase type of APSK. The mapping is performed according to the following criteria: JPEG2025503002000047.jpg1034, JPEG2025503002000048.jpg1034, The NSTBC codebook structure is as follows: JPEG2025503002000049.jpg1539Specifically, the 2-antenna NSTBC codebook and the 4-antenna NSTBC codebook are as follows, JPEG2025503002000050.jpg1536JPEG2025503002000051.jpg2557The NSTBC and Alamouti coding tables based on APSK modulation are shown in Table 6 and Table 7, respectively. Here, Table 6 is the NSTBC 2-antenna emission diversity coding table based on (2,1)-APSK modulation, and Table 7 is the Alamouti 2-antenna emission diversity coding table based on (2,1)-APSK modulation.

[0059] [Table 6]

[0060] [Table 7]

[0061] Compared with the coding table based on BPSK modulation in Tables 3-5, the coding table based on APSK modulation in Tables 6-7 has fewer phase types on some antennas. Taking the NSTBC codebook as an example, antenna 1 under APSK modulation has only one phase, namely e jθ , two types of amplitude |Γ 1 ,|Γ 2 However, antenna 1 under BPSK modulation needs to support only two kinds of phase e jθ and e j(θ+π) , one amplitude |Γ| must be supported. Similarly, antenna 2 under APSK modulation must support two phases e -jθ and e -j(θ+π) , two types of amplitude |Γ 1 ,|Γ 2 | must be supported, but antenna 2 under BPSK modulation supports two types of phase e -jθ and e -j(θ+π) For the Alamouti codebook, antenna 1 and antenna 2 under APSK modulation need to support two amplitudes and two phases, while antenna 1 and antenna 2 under BPSK modulation need to support one amplitude and four phases.

[0062] Therefore, compared with BPSK, APSK reduces the number of impedance matchings supporting phase modulation by increasing the number of impedance matchings supporting amplitude modulation for some antennas. This is advantageous for some backscattering communications where the amplitude modulation capability is better than the phase modulation capability. Also, comparing the NSTBC codebook and the Alamouti codebook under the same APSK modulation, the antenna 1 in the NSTBC codebook encoding table needs to support only one type of phase, while the antenna 1 in the Alamouti codebook encoding table needs to support two types of phase, so the NSTBC codebook can reduce the number of types of impedance matching for the phase modulation of antenna 1.

[0063] Similarly, the NSTBC and ABBA-based 4-antenna emission diversity coding tables based on APSK modulation are shown in Table 8 and Table 9, respectively. Here, Table 8 is the 4-antenna emission diversity coding table of NSTBC based on (2,1)-APSK modulation, and Table 9 is the 4-antenna emission diversity coding table of ABBA-based quasi-orthogonal space-time block code (QSTBC) based on (2,1)-APSK modulation. Here, the ABBA-based codebook is as follows: JPEG2025503002000054.jpg18150

[0064] [Table 8] JPEG2025503002000056.jpg247166JPEG2025503002000057.jpg245166

[0065] [Table 9] JPEG2025503002000059.jpg244168JPEG2025503002000060.jpg221164

[0066] Similarly, in four-shot diversity, APSK-based modulation has fewer impedance matching types to support phase modulation of antenna 1 and / or antenna 2 and more impedance matching types to support amplitude modulation than BPSK modulation. NSTBC-based codebooks have fewer impedance matching types to support phase modulation of antenna 1 than ABBA-like codebooks. Therefore, APSK modulation is more suitable for backscatter communication, where impedance-based amplitude modulation is better than phase modulation.

[0067] Based on the above coding table under (M,N)-APSK modulation, differential NSTBC coding under (M,N)-APSK modulation can be performed according to the following coding rules.

[0068] In a specific embodiment, the codebook structure of the NSTBC codebook satisfies the following: JPEG2025503002000061.jpg1538, Here, S 2t+1 and S. 2 * t+2 are the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t+1th symbol period at the encoding end (it should be noted that the transmission symbols may also be called constellation symbols, constellation points, etc., and the embodiments of the present application are not specifically limited to these names). 2t+2 and-S 2 * t+1 are the transmission symbols on the two transmit antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t+2th symbol period at the encoding end. Here, the symbol S 2 * t+2 is the symbol S 2t+2 is the conjugate of the symbol -S 2 * t+1 is the symbol S 2 * t+1, where 2t+1 th symbol period is the current symbol period, and 2t+2 th symbol period is the symbol period following the current symbol period.

[0069] In a specific embodiment, the encoding end performs encoding according to the DSTBC encoding scheme and the NSTBC codebook to obtain a transmission symbol of a current symbol period. (1) an encoding end determines a coding coefficient vector of a current symbol period according to a DSTBC coding scheme, an NSTBC codebook, and the power of a transmitted symbol of a previous symbol period; (2) The encoding end determines a transmission symbol after encoding of the current symbol period based on a coding coefficient vector of the current symbol period and a power sum of transmission symbols on the transmitting antennas of symbols in the first two symbol periods of the current symbol period.

[0070] Specifically, with regard to the above (1) the encoding end determining the encoding coefficient vector of the current symbol period, the embodiment of the present application provides two specific embodiments, including the following:

[0071] Embodiment 1: (1.1) The coding end is determined according to the following formula: JPEG2025503002000062.jpg1096, JPEG2025503002000063.jpg1096, The coding coefficient vector (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 )) to determine Here, S 2t+1 and S. 2 * t+2 are the transmission symbols on the two transmit antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t+1th symbol period at the encoding end, and S 2t‐1 and S. 2 * tare the transmission symbols on the two transmit antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t-1th symbol period at the encoding end, and S 2t and-S 2 * t‐1 are the transmission symbols on the two transmit antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t-th symbol period at the encoding end.

[0072] In the embodiment of the present application, the encoding end uses a direct calculation method to calculate the encoding coefficient vector (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 ) is calculated.

[0073] Specifically, the above (1) that the encoding end determines the encoding coefficient vector of the current symbol period is (1.2) The encoding end calculates the coding coefficient vector (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 )). Here, the preset mapping table contains the original bits or symbols and (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 ) after the initial reference symbol is determined.

[0074] The original bit or original symbol is the initial data bit or initial symbol to be encoded, and the initial reference symbol is the reference symbol on the transmit antenna in the initial symbol period, ie, the first symbol period.

[0075] In the embodiment of the present application, the encoding end uses a method of directly looking up the mapping table to obtain (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 )) to determine

[0076] Specifically, the above (2) the encoding end determines a transmission symbol after encoding of the current symbol period based on the encoding coefficient vector of the current symbol period; (2.1) The coding end is determined according to the following formula: The JPEG2025503002000064.jpg10150 encoding end includes determining the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t+1th symbol period. Here, (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 )) is the coding coefficient vector for the 2t+1-th symbol period determined by the coding end, and S 2t‐1 and S. 2 * t are the transmission symbols on the two transmit antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t-1th symbol period at the encoding end, and S 2t and-S 2 * t-1 are the transmission symbols on the two transmit antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t-th symbol period at the encoding end, and |S 2t-1 | 2 +|S 2t | 2 is the power sum of the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas in the 2t-1th symbol period.

[0077] In an embodiment of the present application, the encoding end calculates the transmission symbol of the current symbol period by power normalization based on the coding coefficient vector of the current symbol period and the power sum of the transmission symbols on the transmitting antennas in the first two symbol periods of the current symbol period.

[0078] For example, in the 2t-1th symbol period, the symbols transmitted from the first antenna and the second antenna are S 2t-1 and S. 2 * t Then, in the 2t-th symbol period, the symbols transmitted from the first antenna and the second antenna are S 2t and-S 2* t-1 That is, the transmission signals on the two antennas in the 2t-1th and 2tth symbol periods at the transmitting end are Fills JPEG2025503002000065.jpg1538, In the 2t+1th symbol period, a set of 2m bits arrives at the encoding end, and the corresponding coding coefficient vector (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 ) (for example, by looking up a pre-defined mapping table), and the encoding end generates a symbol vector to be transmitted in the first two symbol periods and a current coding coefficient vector (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 )) the symbol sent at the current time Calculate JPEG2025503002000066.jpg10150. Then, in the 2t+2 symbol period, the symbols transmitted on the two antennas are (S 2t+2 ,-S 2 * t+1 ) where the coding coefficient vector (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 )) and the current input symbol satisfy the following relationship: JPEG2025503002000067.jpg1096, JPEG2025503002000068.jpg1096,

[0079] Example 2: (1.1) The coding end is determined according to the following formula: JPEG2025503002000069.jpg11150, JPEG2025503002000070.jpg11150, The coding coefficient vector (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 )) Determine. Here, S 2t+1 and S. 2* t+2 are the transmission symbols on the two transmit antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t+1th symbol period at the encoding end, and S 2t-1 and S. 2 * t are the transmission symbols on the two transmit antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t-1th symbol period at the encoding end, and S 2t and-S 2 * t-1 are the transmission symbols on the two transmit antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t-th symbol period at the encoding end, JPEG2025503002000071.jpg6150 is the square root of the sum of the power of the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas in the 2t-1th symbol period.

[0080] In the embodiment of the present application, the encoding end uses a direct calculation method to calculate the encoding coefficient vector (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 ) is calculated.

[0081] Specifically, the above (1) that the encoding end determines the encoding coefficient vector of the current symbol period is (1.2) The encoding end calculates the coding coefficient vector (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 )). Here, the preset mapping table contains the original bits or symbols and (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 ) after the initial reference symbol is determined.

[0082] Specifically, the above (2) the encoding end determines a transmission symbol after encoding of the current symbol period based on the encoding coefficient vector of the current symbol period; (2.1) The coding end is determined according to the following formula: JPEG2025503002000072.jpg11150 The encoding end includes determining the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t+1th symbol period. Here, (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 )) is the coding coefficient vector for the 2t+1-th symbol period determined by the coding end, and S 2t-1 and S. 2 * t are the transmission symbols on the two transmit antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t-1th symbol period at the encoding end, and S 2t and-S 2 * t-1 are the transmission symbols on the two transmit antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t-th symbol period at the encoding end, JPEG2025503002000073.jpg1543 is the square root of the sum of the power of the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas in the 2t-1th symbol period.

[0083] In an embodiment of the present application, the encoding end calculates the transmission symbol of the current symbol period by power normalization based on the coding coefficient vector of the current symbol period and the power sum of the transmission symbols on the transmitting antennas in the first two symbol periods of the current symbol period.

[0084] For example, in the 2t-1th symbol period, the symbols transmitted from the first antenna and the second antenna are S 2t-1 and S. 2 * t Then, in the 2t-th symbol period, the symbols transmitted from the first antenna and the second antenna are S 2t and-S 2 * t-1 That is, the transmission signals on the two antennas in the 2t-1th and 2tth symbol periods at the transmitting end are Fills JPEG2025503002000074.jpg1538, In the 2t+1th symbol period, a set of 2m bits arrives at the encoding end, and the corresponding coding coefficient vector (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 ) (for example, by looking up a pre-defined mapping table), and the encoding end generates a symbol vector to be transmitted in the first two symbol periods and a current coding coefficient vector (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 )) the symbol sent at the current time JPEG2025503002000075.jpg11150 is calculated, Then, in the 2t+2 symbol period, the symbols transmitted on the two antennas are (S 2t+2 ,-S 2 * t+1 ) where the coding coefficient vector (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 )) and the current input symbol satisfy the following relationship: JPEG2025503002000076.jpg11150, JPEG2025503002000077.jpg11150,

[0085] In a specific embodiment, the method comprises: The encoding end encodes the first symbol period and the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas are (S 1 ,S 2 * ), and the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas obtained by encoding in the second symbol period at the encoding end are (S 2 ,-S 1 * ) Here, (S 1 ,S 2 * ) and (S 2 ,-S 1 * ) satisfies the following NSTBC codebook: JPEG2025503002000078.jpg1525

[0086] (S 1 ,S 2 * ) is the initial reference symbol to be determined.

[0087] The above describes the process (including embodiments 1 and 2) of the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by the encoding terminal encoding in the 2t+1th symbol period. By repeating the above process, the differential NSTBC encoding transmission of all information bits to be transmitted can be completed.

[0088] It should be noted that, from the above process, it can be found that in differential NSTBC coding, two symbols can be coded in one symbol period. The transmission symbols of two symbol periods only need to be coded once (because the transmission symbols of the next symbol period can be determined according to the transmission symbols of the current symbol period and the NSTBC codebook), and the next symbol period is the redundancy of the previous one symbol period, so in practical application scenarios, a delay can be installed, and the coding process can be performed from the 2t+1th symbol period by the differential NSTBC coding method, and the delay can be used to record the time delay of one symbol period, and the coding process can be performed from the 2t+3th symbol period by the differential NSTBC coding method. This is because the transmission symbols of the 2t+1th symbol period and the transmission symbols of the 2t+2th symbol period can be determined in one coding process.

[0089] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application are described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0090] Example 1: In the embodiment of the present invention, (2,2)-APSK is taken as an example to describe the encoding process of differential NSTBC in the above-mentioned embodiment 1. If (2,2)-APSK modulation is used, the set of constellation points is {-3,-1,1,3}, and the set of encoding coefficient vectors is V. Two initial reference modulation signals are S 1 =1 and S 2 = 3, and the four input bits at the input terminal of the encoder are c 1 c 2 c 3 c 4 According to the mapping rule "00,01,10,11" --> {1,3,-1,-3}, the first two bits c 1 c 2 is the symbol s 3 The last two bits are mapped to c 3 c 4 is the symbol s 4 and the mapping relationship is as follows: JPEG2025503002000079.jpg15112, JPEG2025503002000080.jpg10140, According to the definition of the coding coefficient vector, JPEG2025503002000081.jpg1061, JPEG2025503002000082.jpg1061, Input bit c 1 and c 2 With different values ​​of 3 ),B(D 3 )) can be obtained as shown in Table 10.

[0091] [Table 10]

[0092] Suppose the transmitted symbols emitted on the two antennas in the 2t-1 symbol period are as follows: S 2t-1 =3, S2 * t =-1, According to the NSTBC encoding rules, the transmitted symbols on the two emission antennas in the 2t-th symbol period are: S 2t =-1, S 2 * t-1 =-3, In the 2t+1-th symbol period, if the input bits arriving at the encoder are 0010, then according to the mapping rule between the input bits and the coding coefficient vector, the following occurs. M(01,11)=(-2,4), As a result, (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 ))=(-2,4). The encoder compares the symbol vectors transmitted in the first two symbol periods with the current coding coefficient vector (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 )) to calculate the symbol to be transmitted at the current time. JPEG2025503002000084.jpg15100, In the 2t+2 th symbol period, according to the NSTBC encoding rules, the transmitted symbols on the two emission antennas are: S 2t+2 =1,-S 2 * t+1 =-1 The above process is repeated to complete differential NSTBC encoding under APSK.

[0093] Example 2: In the embodiment of the present invention, (2,2)-APSK is taken as an example to describe the encoding process of differential NSTBC in the above-mentioned embodiment 2. If (2,2)-APSK modulation is used, the set of constellation points is {-3,-1,1,3}, and the set of encoding coefficient vectors is V. Two initial reference modulation signals are denoted as s 1 =1 and s 2 = 3, and the four input bits at the input terminal of the encoder are c 1 c2 c 3 c 4 According to the mapping rule "00,01,10,11" --> {1,3,-1,-3}, the first two bits c 1 c 2 is the symbol s 3 The last two bits are mapped to c 3 c 4 is the symbol s 4 and the mapping relationship is as follows: JPEG2025503002000085.jpg15112, JPEG2025503002000086.jpg10140, According to the definition of the coding coefficient vector, JPEG2025503002000087.jpg1545, JPEG2025503002000088.jpg1545, Input bit C 1 and C. 2 With different values ​​of 3 ), B(D 3 ) the mapping relationship is obtained as follows:

[0094] [table] JPEG2025503002000089.jpg104165JPEG2025503002000090.jpg51165

[0095] Suppose the transmitted symbols emitted on the two antennas in the 2t-1 symbol period are as follows: S 2t-1 =3,S 2 * t =-1, According to the NSTBC encoding rules, the transmitted symbols on the two emission antennas in the 2t-th symbol period are: S 2t =-1,-S 2 * t-1 =-3, In the 2t+1th symbol period, if the input bits arriving at the encoder are 1110, according to the mapping rule between the input bits and the coding coefficient vector, the following will occur: JPEG2025503002000091.jpg1554, As a result, The encoder calculates the symbol vectors transmitted in the first two symbol periods and the current coding coefficient vector (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 )) the symbol to be sent at the current time JPEG2025503002000093.jpg15114 is calculated. In the 2t+2 th symbol period, according to the NSTBC encoding rules, the transmitted symbols on the two emission antennas are: S 2t+2 =3,-S 2 * t+1 =1, The above process is repeated to complete differential NSTBC encoding under (2,2)-APSK.

[0096] In the encoding method according to the embodiment of the present application, the execution body may be an encoding device. In the embodiment of the present application, the encoding device according to the embodiment of the present application will be described as an example in which the encoding method is executed by the encoding device.

[0097] Referring to FIG. 3, an embodiment of the present application provides an encoding device 300, A differential encoding module 301, the encoding end is for encoding according to a differential space-time block code DSTBC encoding scheme, a new space-time block code NSTBC codebook and the power sum of the transmission symbols on the transmission antennas of the first two symbol periods to obtain the transmission symbols of the current symbol period; The encoding end includes an NSTBC encoding module 302 for determining transmission symbols of a symbol period next to the current symbol period based on transmission symbols of the current symbol period and an NSTBC codebook, where the first two symbol periods are two adjacent symbol periods before the current symbol period.

[0098] In the embodiment of the present application, the transmission symbols of the current symbol period are calculated using the DSTBC encoding scheme, the NSTBC codebook, and the power sum of the transmission symbols on the transmission antennas in the first two symbol periods, while the transmission symbols of the next symbol period are calculated using the low-complexity NSTBC codebook. Based on the DSTBC design, neither the encoding end nor the decoding end needs to know the CSI, that is, there is no need to transmit pilot signals on each transmission antenna, reducing the system overhead, and the power sum of the transmission symbols on the transmission antennas in the first two symbol periods is used for normalization when calculating the transmission symbols of the current symbol period, thereby realizing the application of non-constant modulus modulation. At the same time, the NSTBC codebook can guarantee the diversity gain while reducing the number of load impedance types on the antennas, reducing the implementation complexity of the system and effectively reducing the detection error probability.

[0099] In a specific embodiment, the codebook structure of the NSTBC codebook satisfies the following: JPEG2025503002000094.jpg1130, Here, S 2t+1 and S. 2 * t+2 are the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t+1th symbol period by the encoding end, and S 2t+2 and-S 2 * t+1 are the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t+2th symbol period, and the symbol S 2 * t+2 is the symbol S2t+2 is the conjugate of the symbol -S 2 * t+1 is the symbol S 2t+1 , where the 2t+1 th symbol period is the current symbol period and the 2t+2 th symbol period is the symbol period following the current symbol period.

[0100] In a specific embodiment, the differential encoding module and the NSTBC encoding module specifically include: The encoding end determines a coding coefficient vector of the current symbol period according to a DSTBC coding scheme, an NSTBC codebook, and a power of a transmission symbol of a previous symbol period, and determines a transmission symbol after coding of the current symbol period; The encoding end is used for determining a transmission symbol of a next symbol period after the current symbol period based on the transmission symbol after encoding of the current symbol period.

[0101] In a specific embodiment, the differential encoding module specifically comprises: The encoding end is according to the following formula: JPEG2025503002000095.jpg10150The encoding end is used to determine the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t+1th symbol period. Here, (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 ) is the coding coefficient vector for the 2t+1-th symbol period determined by the coding terminal, 2t-1 and the above s 2 * t are the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t-1th symbol period by the encoding end, and the s 2t and the above-s 2 * t-1 are the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-th symbol period, and the |s2t-1 | 2 +|s 2t | 2 is the power sum of the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas in the 2t-1th symbol period.

[0102] In a specific embodiment, the differential encoding module specifically comprises: The encoding end is according to the following formula: JPEG2025503002000096.jpg1096, JPEG2025503002000097.jpg1096, The coding coefficient vector (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 ) is used to determine Here, s 2t+1 ands 2 * t+2 are the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t+1th symbol period by the encoding end, and s 2t-1 ands 2 * t are the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-1th symbol period, and s 2t and -s 2 * t-1 are the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-th symbol period.

[0103] In a specific embodiment, the differential encoding module specifically comprises: The encoding end generates an encoding coefficient vector (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 ) is used to determine Here, the preset mapping table includes the original bits or symbols and the (A(D2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 ) after the initial reference symbol is determined.

[0104] In a specific embodiment, the differential encoding module specifically further comprises: The encoding end is according to the following formula: JPEG2025503002000098.jpg11150The encoding end is used to determine the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t+1th symbol period. Here, (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 ) is the coding coefficient vector for the 2t+1-th symbol period determined by the coding terminal, 2t-1 and the above s 2 * t are the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t-1th symbol period by the encoding end, and the s 2t and the above-s 2 * t-1 are transmission symbols on two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t-th symbol period by the encoding end, JPEG2025503002000099.jpg6150 is the square root of the sum of the power of the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas in the 2t-1th symbol period.

[0105] In a specific embodiment, the differential encoding module specifically further comprises: The encoding end is according to the following formula: JPEG2025503002000100.jpg11150, JPEG2025503002000101.jpg11150, The coding coefficient vector (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 ) is used to determine Here, s 2t+1 ands2 * t+2 are the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t+1th symbol period by the encoding end, and s 2t-1 ands 2 * t are the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-1th symbol period, and s 2t and -s 2 * t-1 are the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-th symbol period.

[0106] In a specific embodiment, the differential encoding module specifically further comprises: The encoding end generates an encoding coefficient vector (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 ) is used to determine Here, the preset mapping table includes the original bits or symbols and the (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 ) after the initial reference symbol is determined.

[0107] In a specific embodiment, the NSTBC encoding module specifically comprises: The encoding end determines a transmission symbol of a symbol period next to the current symbol period based on the transmission symbol of the current symbol period obtained by encoding and an NSTBC codebook; and the encoding end determines the transmission symbols s 1 on the two transmitting antennas in the 2t+1th symbol period by encoding. 2t+1 ands 2 * t+2 After obtaining the NSTBC codebook structure According to JPEG2025503002000102.jpg1538, the transmitted symbol s on the two transmit antennas in the 2t+2 symbol period is encoded. 2t+2 and -s 2 * t+1 It is used to obtain.

[0108] In a specific embodiment, the apparatus comprises: The encoding end encodes the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by the encoding in the first symbol period as (s 1 ,s 2 * ), and the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the second symbol period by the encoding end are (s 2 ,-s 1 * ) . Here, the above (s 1 ,s 2 * ) and the above (s 2 ,-s 1 * ) satisfies the following NSTBC codebook, JPEG2025503002000103.jpg1525 (s 1 ,s 2 * ) is the initial reference symbol to be determined.

[0109] In a specific embodiment, there is a mapping relationship between the original bits of the current symbol period and the transmitted symbols of the current symbol period.

[0110] In a specific embodiment, the NSTBC codebook is used for space-time block coding, or the NSTBC codebook is used for polarization-time block coding, i.e., the two transmit antennas may be spatially separated or polarization-directionally separated.

[0111] In a specific embodiment, the transmitted symbols are constant modulus modulation symbols or non-constant modulus modulation symbols; The constant modulus modulation includes at least BPSK modulation, The non-constant modulus modulation includes at least APSK modulation.

[0112] The encoding device in the embodiment of the present application may be an electronic device, for example an electronic device having an operating system, or may be a component in an electronic device, for example an integrated circuit or chip. The electronic device may be a terminal or other devices other than a terminal. Exemplarily, the terminal may include, but is not limited to, the types of terminals listed above, and the other devices may be, for example, a server, a network attached storage (NAS), etc., and the embodiment of the present application is not specifically limited thereto.

[0113] The encoding apparatus according to the embodiment of the present application can implement each process implemented by the embodiment of the method of FIG. 2 and achieve the same technical effect, and will not be further described here to avoid repetition of description.

[0114] Optionally, as shown in Fig. 4, an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device 400, which includes a processor 401 and a memory 402, and the memory 402 stores a program or instruction that can run on the processor 401. For example, if the communication device 400 is a terminal, when the program or instruction is executed by the processor 401, each step of the embodiment of the encoding method can be realized and the same technical effect can be achieved. If the communication device 400 is a network side device, when the program or instruction is executed by the processor 401, each step of the embodiment of the encoding method can be realized and the same technical effect can be achieved, and in order to avoid repetition, no further description will be given here.

[0115] In the embodiment of the present application, the transmission symbols of the current symbol period are calculated using the DSTBC encoding scheme, the NSTBC codebook, and the power sum of the transmission symbols on the transmission antennas in the first two symbol periods, while the transmission symbols of the next symbol period are calculated using the low-complexity NSTBC codebook. Based on the DSTBC design, neither the encoding end nor the decoding end needs to know the CSI, that is, there is no need to transmit pilot signals on each transmission antenna, reducing the system overhead, and the power sum of the transmission symbols on the transmission antennas in the first two symbol periods is used for normalization when calculating the transmission symbols of the current symbol period, thereby realizing the application of non-constant modulus modulation. At the same time, the NSTBC codebook can guarantee the diversity gain while reducing the number of load impedance types on the antennas, reducing the implementation complexity of the system and effectively reducing the detection error probability.

[0116] Specifically, when the encoding end is a terminal, FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure for implementing the terminal of the embodiment of the present application.

[0117] The terminal 500 includes at least some of the following components, but is not limited to: a radio frequency unit 501, a network module 502, an audio output unit 503, an input unit 504, a sensor 505, a display unit 506, a user input unit 507, an interface unit 508, a memory 509, and a processor 510.

[0118] As can be understood by those skilled in the art, the terminal 500 may further include a power source (e.g., a battery) for powering each component, and the power source may be logically connected to the processor 510 by a power management system, so that the power management system can realize functions such as charge / discharge management and power consumption management. The terminal structure shown in Figure 5 does not constitute a limitation on the terminal, and the terminal may include more or less components than the number of components shown, or a combination of some components, or a different arrangement of components, and will not be further described here.

[0119] It should be understood that in the embodiment of the present application, the input unit 504 may include a graphics processing unit (GPU) 5041 and a microphone 5042, and the graphics processing unit 5041 processes image data of still or video captured by an image capture device (e.g., a camera) in a video capture mode or an image capture mode. The display unit 506 may include a display panel 5061, and the display panel 5061 may be configured in the form of a liquid crystal display, an organic light emitting diode, etc. The user input unit 507 includes at least one of a touch panel 5071 and other input devices 5072. The touch panel 5071 is also called a touch screen. The touch panel 5071 may include two parts: a touch detection device and a touch controller. The other input devices 5072 may include, but are not limited to, a physical keyboard, function keys (e.g., volume control buttons, switch buttons, etc.), a trackball, a mouse, and an operation lever, which will not be described further herein.

[0120] In the embodiment of the present application, the radio frequency unit 501 can receive downlink data from the network side device and then transmit the data to the processor 510 for processing, and can transmit uplink data to the network side device. In general, the radio frequency unit 501 includes, but is not limited to, an antenna, an amplifier, a transceiver, a coupler, a low noise amplifier, a duplexer, etc.

[0121] The memory 509 may be used to store software programs or instructions and various data. The memory 509 may mainly include a first storage area for storing programs or instructions and a second storage area for storing data. Here, the first storage area may store an operating system, an application program or instructions required for at least one function (e.g., a sound playback function, an image playback function, etc.), and the like. It should be noted that the memory 509 may include a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or the memory 509 may include both a volatile and a non-volatile memory. Here, the non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory may be a random access memory (RAM), such as a static random access memory (SRAM), a dynamic random access memory (DRAM), a synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), a double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDRSDRAM), an enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), a synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and a direct Rambus random access memory (DRRAM). The memory 509 in the embodiments of the present application may include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0122] The processor 510 may include one or more processing units. Optionally, the processor 510 integrates an application processor and a modem processor, where the application processor mainly processes operations related to the operating system, user interface, application programs, etc., and the modem processor mainly processes wireless communication signals, such as a baseband processor. As can be understood, the modem processor does not have to be integrated into the processor 510.

[0123] Here, the processor 510 is used for encoding by a differential space-time block code DSTBC coding scheme, a new space-time block code NSTBC codebook, and the power sum of the transmission symbols on the transmitting antennas for the first two symbol periods to obtain the transmission symbols of the current symbol period. Processor 510 is used by the encoding end to determine transmit symbols for a symbol period following the current symbol period based on the transmit symbols for the current symbol period and an NSTBC codebook, where the first two symbol periods are two adjacent symbol periods prior to the current symbol period.

[0124] In the embodiment of the present application, the transmission symbols of the current symbol period are calculated using the DSTBC encoding scheme, the NSTBC codebook, and the power sum of the transmission symbols on the transmission antennas in the first two symbol periods, while the transmission symbols of the next symbol period are calculated using the low-complexity NSTBC codebook. Based on the DSTBC design, neither the encoding end nor the decoding end needs to know the CSI, that is, there is no need to transmit pilot signals on each transmission antenna, reducing the system overhead, and the power sum of the transmission symbols on the transmission antennas in the first two symbol periods is used for normalization when calculating the transmission symbols of the current symbol period, thereby realizing the application of non-constant modulus modulation. At the same time, the NSTBC codebook can guarantee the diversity gain while reducing the number of load impedance types on the antennas, reducing the implementation complexity of the system and effectively reducing the detection error probability.

[0125] Specifically, the codebook structure of the NSTBC codebook satisfies the following: JPEG2025503002000104.jpg1130, Here, s 2t+1 ands 2 * t+2 are the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t+1th symbol period by the encoding end, and s 2t+2 and -s 2 * t+1 are the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t+2th symbol period. Here, the symbol s 2 * t+2 is the symbol s 2t+2 is the conjugate of the symbol -s 2 * t+1 is the symbol s 2t+1 , where the 2t+1 th symbol period is the current symbol period and the 2t+2 th symbol period is the symbol period following the current symbol period.

[0126] Specifically, the processor 510: The encoding end determines a coding coefficient vector of the current symbol period according to a DSTBC coding scheme, an NSTBC codebook, and a power of a transmission symbol of a previous symbol period; The encoding end is used for determining, based on a coding coefficient vector of the current symbol period, a transmission symbol of a next symbol period after encoding the current symbol period.

[0127] Specifically, the processor 510: The encoding end is according to the following formula: JPEG2025503002000105.jpg10150The encoding end is used to determine the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t+1th symbol period. Here, (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 ) is the coding coefficient vector for the 2t+1-th symbol period determined by the coding terminal, 2t-1 and the above s 2 * t are the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t-1th symbol period by the encoding end, and the s 2t and the above-s 2 * t-1 are the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-th symbol period, and the |s 2t-1 | 2 +|s 2t | 2 is the power sum of the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas in the 2t-1th symbol period.

[0128] Specifically, the processor 510: The encoding end is according to the following formula: JPEG2025503002000106.jpg1096, JPEG2025503002000107.jpg1096, The coding coefficient vector (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 ) is used to determine Here, s 2t+1 ands 2 * t+2 are the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t+1th symbol period by the encoding end, and s 2t-1 ands 2 * tare the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-1th symbol period, and s 2t and -s 2 * t-1 are the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-th symbol period.

[0129] Specifically, the processor 510: The encoding end generates an encoding coefficient vector (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 ) is used to determine Here, the preset mapping table includes the original bits or symbols and the (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 ) after the initial reference symbol is determined.

[0130] Specifically, the processor 510 further The encoding end is according to the following formula: JPEG2025503002000108.jpg11150The encoding end is used to determine the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t+1th symbol period. Here, (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 ) is the coding coefficient vector for the 2t+1-th symbol period determined by the coding terminal, 2t-1 and the above s 2 * t are the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t-1th symbol period by the encoding end, and the s 2t and the above-s 2 * t-1are transmission symbols on two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t-th symbol period by the encoding end, JPEG2025503002000109.jpg6150 is the square root of the sum of the power of the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas in the 2t-1th symbol period.

[0131] Specifically, the processor 510 further The encoding end is according to the following formula: JPEG2025503002000110.jpg11150, JPEG2025503002000111.jpg11150, The coding coefficient vector (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 ) is used to determine Here, s 2t+1 ands 2 * t+2 are the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t+1th symbol period by the encoding end, and s 2t-1 ands 2 * t are the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-1th symbol period, and s 2t and -s 2 * t-1 are the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-th symbol period.

[0132] Specifically, the processor 510 further The encoding end generates an encoding coefficient vector (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 ) is used to determine Here, the preset mapping table includes the original bits or symbols and the (A(D 2t+1 ), B(D 2t+1 ) after the initial reference symbol is determined.

[0133] Specifically, the processor 510: The encoding terminal determines whether the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the first symbol period are (s 1 ,s 2 * ), and the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the second symbol period by the encoding end are (s 2 ,-s 1 * ) is used to determine whether Here, the above (s 1 ,s 2 * ) and the above (s 2 ,-s 1 * ) satisfies the following NSTBC codebook, JPEG2025503002000112.jpg1525 (s 1 ,s 2 * ) is the initial reference symbol to be determined.

[0134] Specifically, there is a mapping relationship between the original bits of the current symbol period and the amplitude of the transmitted symbol of the current symbol period.

[0135] Specifically, the NSTBC codebook is used for a space-time block code, or the NSTBC codebook is used for a polarization-time block code.

[0136] Specifically, the transmission symbols are constant modulus modulation symbols or non-constant modulus modulation symbols; The constant modulus modulation includes at least BPSK modulation, The non-constant modulus modulation includes at least APSK modulation.

[0137] Specifically, in the case where the encoding end is a network side device, as shown in Fig. 6, the network side device 600 includes an antenna 61, a radio frequency device 62, a baseband device 63, a processor 64, and a memory 65. The antenna 61 and the radio frequency device 62 are connected. In the uplink direction, the radio frequency device 62 receives information through the antenna 61, and transmits the received information to the baseband device 63 for processing. In the downlink direction, the baseband device 63 processes the information to be transmitted and transmits it to the radio frequency device 62, and the radio frequency device 62 processes the received information and then transmits it through the antenna 61.

[0138] The method in the above method embodiment may be implemented in a baseband device 63, which includes a baseband processor.

[0139] The baseband device 63 may include, for example, at least one baseband board, on which multiple chips are installed, one of which is, for example, a baseband processor, connected to a memory 65 via a bus interface, and calls the program in the memory 65 to perform the network device operations shown in the above method embodiments, as shown in FIG.

[0140] The network side equipment may further include a network interface 66, which may be, for example, a Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI).

[0141] Specifically, the network side device 600 of the embodiment of the present invention further includes instructions or programs stored in the memory 65 and operable on the processor 64. The processor 64 can call the instructions or programs in the memory 65 to execute the methods performed by each module shown in Fig. 3 and achieve the same technical effects, which will not be described further here in order to avoid repetition.

[0142] The embodiments of the present application further provide a readable storage medium, which stores a program or instruction, and when the program or instruction is executed by a processor, can realize each process of the above encoding method embodiment and achieve the same technical effect, which will not be described further here in order to avoid repetition.

[0143] Wherein, the processor is the processor in the terminal according to the above embodiment. The readable storage medium includes a computer readable storage medium, such as a computer read only memory ROM, a random access memory RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0144] The embodiments of the present application further provide a chip, the chip including a processor and a communication interface, the communication interface is coupled to the processor, the processor is used to run a program or instruction, the chip can realize each process of the embodiments of the above encoding method, and achieve the same technical effect, and will not be further described here to avoid repetition.

[0145] It should be understood that the chips referred to in the embodiments of the present application may be referred to as system level chips, system chips, chip systems, or systems on chips.

[0146] An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program product, the computer program product being stored in a storage medium, and the computer program product being executed by at least one processor to realize each process of the above encoding method embodiment, and to achieve the same technical effect, which will not be described further here in order to avoid repetition of description.

[0147] An embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device, which is configured to perform each process of the embodiment of the above encoding method, and can achieve the same technical effect, and will not be further described here to avoid repetition of description.

[0148] It should be explained that in this specification, the terms "comprise", "include", "includes" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover the non-exclusive "comprise", whereby a process, method, article or apparatus that includes a set of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article or apparatus. Absent any further limitations, an element limited by the phrase "comprises one or more" does not preclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or apparatus that includes the element. It should be pointed out that the scope of the method and apparatus in the embodiments of this application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, but may include performing functions in an essentially simultaneous manner or in the reverse order based on the functions involved, for example, the described method can be performed in a different order than described, and various steps can be added, omitted or combined. Also, features described with reference to some examples can be combined in other examples.

[0149] From the above description of the embodiments, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the methods of the above embodiments can be realized in the form of software and a necessary general-purpose hardware platform. Of course, they can also be realized in hardware, but in many cases the former is a more preferred embodiment. In light of this understanding, the technical proposal of the present application may be substantially or the part that contributes to the prior art may be embodied in the form of a computer software product, which is stored in a storage medium (e.g., ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) and includes some instructions for causing a terminal (which may be a mobile phone, a computer, a server, an air conditioner, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in each embodiment of the present application.

[0150] The above describes the embodiments of the present application in conjunction with the drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above specific embodiments. The above specific embodiments are merely illustrative and not limiting. Those skilled in the art can take the suggestions of this application and make many forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims of this application, all of which belong to the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. 1. A method of encoding, comprising: An encoding end performs encoding according to a differential space-time block code (DSTBC) encoding scheme, a new space-time block code (NSTBC) codebook, and a power sum of transmission symbols on the transmission antennas in the first two symbol periods to obtain a transmission symbol in a current symbol period; and determining a transmission symbol of a symbol period following the current symbol period based on the transmission symbol of the current symbol period and the NSTBC codebook, wherein the first two symbol periods are two adjacent symbol periods prior to the current symbol period.

2. The codebook structure of the NSTBC codebook satisfies the following: 、 Here, s ２ｔ＋１ and ２ ＊ ｔ＋２ is a transmission symbol on two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t+1th symbol period by the encoding end, and s ２ｔ＋２ and-s ２ ＊ ｔ＋１ are the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t+2th symbol period, and the symbol s ２ ＊ ｔ＋２ is the symbol s ２ｔ＋２ is the conjugate of the symbol -s ２ ＊ ｔ＋１ is the symbol s ２ｔ＋１ 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the 2t+1 th symbol period is the current symbol period and the 2t+2 th symbol period is a symbol period following the current symbol period.

3. The encoding end obtains a transmission symbol of a current symbol period by encoding according to a DSTBC encoding scheme, an NSTBC codebook, and a power of a transmission symbol of a previous symbol period; The encoding end determines an encoding coefficient vector of the current symbol period according to a DSTBC encoding scheme, an NSTBC codebook, and a power of a transmission symbol of a previous symbol period; The encoding method of claim 1 , further comprising: determining, at the encoding end, a transmission symbol after encoding of the current symbol period based on a coding coefficient vector of the current symbol period.

4. The encoding end determines a transmission symbol after encoding of the current symbol period based on a coding coefficient vector of the current symbol period, The encoding end is according to the following formula: The encoding stage includes determining transmission symbols on two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in a 2t+1-th symbol period; (A(D ２ｔ＋１ ), B(D ２ｔ＋１ ) is a coding coefficient vector for the 2t+1-th symbol period determined by the coding stage, ２ｔ－１ and the above s ２ ＊ ｔ are the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t-1th symbol period at the encoding end, and the s ２ｔ and the above-s ２ ＊ ｔ－１ is a transmission symbol on two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t-th symbol period by the encoding end, and |s ２ｔ－１ | ２ + |s ２ｔ | ２ 4. The encoding method of claim 3, wherein t is the power sum of the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas in the 2t-1 th symbol period.

5. The encoding end determining a coding coefficient vector for the current symbol period includes: The encoding end is according to the following formula: 、 、 The coding coefficient vector (A(D ２ｔ＋１ ), B(D ２ｔ＋１ ) determining ２ｔ＋１ and ２ ＊ ｔ＋２ is a transmission symbol on two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t+1th symbol period by the encoding end, and s ２ｔ－１ and ２ ＊ ｔ are the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-1th symbol period, and s ２ｔ and-s ２ ＊ ｔ－１ 5. The encoding method according to claim 4, wherein the encoding end is a transmission symbol on two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in a 2t-th symbol period.

6. The encoding end determines a transmission symbol after encoding of the current symbol period based on a coding coefficient vector of the current symbol period, The encoding end is according to the following formula: The encoding stage includes determining transmission symbols on two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in a 2t+1-th symbol period; (A(D ２ｔ＋１ ), B(D ２ｔ＋１ ) is a coding coefficient vector for the 2t+1-th symbol period determined by the coding stage, ２ｔ－１ and the above s ２ ＊ ｔ are the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t-1th symbol period at the encoding end, and the s ２ｔ and the above-s ２ ＊ ｔ－１ are transmission symbols on two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t-th symbol period by the encoding end, 4. The encoding method of claim 3, wherein t is the square root of the sum of the powers of the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas in the 2t-1 th symbol period.

7. The encoding end determining a coding coefficient vector for the current symbol period includes: The encoding end is according to the following formula: 、 、 The coding coefficient vector (A(D ２ｔ＋１ ), B(D ２ｔ＋１ ) determining s ２ｔ＋１ and ２ ＊ ｔ＋２ is a transmission symbol on two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t+1th symbol period by the encoding end, and s ２ｔ－１ and ２ ＊ ｔ are the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-1th symbol period, and s ２ｔ and -s ２ ＊ ｔ－１ 7. The encoding method according to claim 6, wherein the encoding end is a transmission symbol on two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in a 2t-th symbol period.

8. The encoding end obtains a transmission symbol of a current symbol period by encoding according to a DSTBC encoding scheme, an NSTBC codebook, and a power of a transmission symbol of a previous symbol period; The encoding end determines an encoding coefficient vector in a current symbol period of the encoding end according to a preset mapping table between original bits or original symbols and encoding coefficient vectors, The preset mapping table includes a mapping relationship between the original bit or original symbol and the coding coefficient vector after an initial reference symbol is determined, and the mapping relationship table is obtained based on the DSTBC coding scheme, the NSTBC codebook, and the power of a transmission symbol in the previous one symbol period; The encoding method of claim 1 , further comprising: determining, at the encoding end, a transmission symbol after encoding of the current symbol period based on a coding coefficient vector of the current symbol period.

9. The transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the first symbol period by the encoding terminal are (s １ , s ２ ＊ ), and the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the second symbol period by the encoding terminal are (s ２ , -s １ ＊ ), wherein (s １ , s ２ ＊ ) and the above (s ２ , -s １ ＊ ) satisfies the following NSTBC codebook: The (s １ , s ２ ＊ 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the initial reference symbol is determined.

10. The encoding method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein there is a mapping relationship between the original bits of a current symbol period and the amplitude of the transmitted symbol of the current symbol period.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the NSTBC codebook is used for a space-time block code or the NSTBC codebook is used for a polarization-time block code.

12. the transmission symbols are constant modulus modulation symbols or non-constant modulus modulation symbols; The constant modulus modulation includes at least a binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation; Coding method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the non-constant modulus modulation comprises at least an Amplitude Shift Keying (APSK) modulation.

13. 1. An encoding device, comprising: a differential encoding module, the encoding end being for encoding according to a differential space-time block code DSTBC encoding scheme, a new space-time block code NSTBC codebook and the power sum of the transmission symbols on the transmitting antennas in the first two symbol periods to obtain a transmission symbol in a current symbol period; and an NSTBC encoding module for determining transmit symbols for a symbol period following the current symbol period based on transmit symbols for the current symbol period and the NSTBC codebook, and the first two symbol periods are two adjacent symbol periods prior to the current symbol period.

14. The codebook structure of the NSTBC codebook satisfies the following: 、 s ２ｔ＋１ and ２ ＊ ｔ＋２ is a transmission symbol on two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t+1th symbol period by the encoding end, and s ２ｔ＋２と -s ２ ＊ ｔ＋１ are the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t+2th symbol period, and the symbol s ２ ＊ ｔ＋２ is the symbol s ２ｔ＋２ is the conjugate of the symbol -s ２ ＊ ｔ＋１ is the symbol s ２ｔ＋１ 14. The encoding device of claim 13, wherein the 2t+1 th symbol period is the current symbol period and the 2t+2 th symbol period is a symbol period following the current symbol period.

15. The differential encoding module includes: The encoding end determines an encoding coefficient vector of the current symbol period according to a DSTBC encoding scheme, an NSTBC codebook, and a power of a transmission symbol of a previous symbol period; The encoding device according to claim 13 , wherein the encoding end is used for determining a transmission symbol after encoding of the current symbol period based on an encoding coefficient vector of the current symbol period.

16. The differential encoding module includes: The encoding end is according to the following formula: The encoding end is used to determine transmission symbols on two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in a 2t+1th symbol period; (A(D ２ｔ＋１ ), B(D ２ｔ＋１ ) is a coding coefficient vector for the 2t+1-th symbol period determined by the coding stage, ２ｔ－１ and the above s ２ ＊ ｔ are the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t-1th symbol period at the encoding end, and the s ２ｔ and the above-s ２ ＊ ｔ－１ is a transmission symbol on two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t-th symbol period by the encoding end, and |s ２ｔ－１ | ２ + |s ２ｔ | ２ The encoding device of claim 15, wherein t is the power sum of the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas in the 2t-1 th symbol period.

17. The differential encoding module includes: The encoding end is according to the following formula: 、 、 The coding coefficient vector (A(D ２ｔ＋１ ), B(D ２ｔ＋１ )) is used to determine s ２ｔ＋１ and ２ ＊ ｔ＋２ is a transmission symbol on two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t+1th symbol period by the encoding end, and s ２ｔ－１ and ２ ＊ ｔ are the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-1th symbol period, and s ２ｔ and -s ２ ＊ ｔ－１ The encoding device according to claim 16, wherein the encoding end is a transmission symbol on two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in a 2t-th symbol period.

18. The differential encoding module includes: The encoding end is according to the following formula: The encoding end is used to determine transmission symbols on two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in a 2t+1th symbol period; (A(D ２ｔ＋１ ), B(D ２ｔ＋１ ) is a coding coefficient vector for the 2t+1-th symbol period determined by the coding stage, ２ｔ－１ and the above s ２ ＊ ｔ are the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t-1th symbol period at the encoding end, and the s ２ｔ and the above-s ２ ＊ ｔ－１ are transmission symbols on two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t-th symbol period by the encoding end, 16. The encoding device of claim 15, wherein t is the square root of the sum of the powers of the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas in the 2t-1 th symbol period.

19. The differential encoding module includes: The encoding end is according to the following formula: 、 、 The coding coefficient vector (A(D ２ｔ＋１ ), B(D ２ｔ＋１ )) is used to determine s ２ｔ＋１ and ２ ＊ ｔ＋２ is a transmission symbol on two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the 2t+1th symbol period by the encoding end, and s ２ｔ－１ and ２ ＊ ｔ are the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-1th symbol period, and s ２ｔ and-s ２ ＊ ｔ－１ The encoding device according to claim 18 , wherein the encoding end is a transmission symbol on two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in a 2t-th symbol period.

20. The differential encoding module includes: The encoding end determines an encoding coefficient vector in a current symbol period of the encoding end according to a preset mapping table between original bits or original symbols and encoding coefficient vectors, The preset mapping table includes a mapping relationship between the original bit or symbol and the coding coefficient vector after an initial reference symbol is determined, and the mapping relationship table is obtained based on the DSTBC coding scheme, the NSTBC codebook, and the power of a transmission symbol in the previous one symbol period; The encoding device according to claim 13 , wherein the encoding end is used for determining a transmission symbol after encoding of the current symbol period based on an encoding coefficient vector of the current symbol period.

21. The encoding terminal determines whether the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the first symbol period by the encoding terminal are (s １ , s ２ ＊ ), and the transmission symbols on the two transmitting antennas obtained by encoding in the second symbol period by the encoding terminal are (s ２ , -s １ ＊ ) The (s １ , s ２ ＊ ) and the above (s ２ , -s １ ＊ ) satisfies the following NSTBC codebook: The (s １ , s ２ ＊ 14. The encoding device according to claim 13, wherein the initial reference symbol is determined.

22. The encoding device according to any one of claims 13 to 21, wherein there is a mapping relationship between the original bits of a current symbol period and the amplitude of the transmitted symbol of the current symbol period.

23. The encoding device according to any one of claims 13 to 21, wherein the NSTBC codebook is used for a space-time block code or the NSTBC codebook is used for a polarization-time block code.

24. the transmission symbols are constant modulus modulation symbols or non-constant modulus modulation symbols; The constant modulus modulation includes at least BPSK modulation; Coding device according to any one of claims 13 to 21, wherein the non-constant modulus modulation comprises at least an APSK modulation.

25. An encoding terminal including a processor and a memory, the memory storing a program or instructions operable on the processor, the program or instructions implementing the steps of the encoding method according to any one of claims 1 to 12 when executed by the processor.

26. A readable storage medium having stored thereon a program or instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the encoding method according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

Images