Section for smoking articles comprising a calendered fibrous web

Abstract

The present invention relates to a section of a smoking article comprising a wrapping material and a filter material, the wrapping material enclosing the filter material, at least 10% and at most 100% of the mass of the filter material being formed by a calendered fibrous web, at least 50% and at most 100% of the mass of the calendered fibrous web being formed from organic polymeric fibers, the calendered fibrous web having a compression factor C of at least 0.45 and at most 0.85.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a section of a smoking article, the section comprising a filter material, which makes it possible to widely adjust the properties of the section, in particular the tensile resistance and the filtration efficiency, in a simple and reliable manner. The filter material of the section thereby comprises a calendered fibrous web having specific properties. [Background technology]

[0002] Smoking articles are typically rod-shaped articles and consist of at least two rod-shaped sections arranged in series: one section contains a material capable of forming an aerosol when heated, and at least one further section contains a material that functions to affect the properties of the aerosol.

[0003] The smoking article may be a filter cigarette, in which a first section contains an aerosol-forming material, in particular tobacco, and a further section is designed as a filter and serves to filter the aerosol. In this regard, the aerosol is generated by combustion of the aerosol-forming material, and the filter serves primarily to filter the aerosol and to provide the filter cigarette with a defined pulling resistance.

[0004] The smoking article may, however, be what is known as a heated tobacco product, in which the aerosol-forming material is only heated and not burned. This means that the number and amount of substances in the aerosol that are harmful to health are reduced. Such smoking articles also consist of at least two, but usually more, especially four, sections. One section contains the aerosol-forming material, which typically comprises tobacco, reconstituted tobacco or tobacco prepared by other processes, nicotine, glycerol or propylene glycol. Furthermore, optional sections in heated tobacco products sometimes serve to move the aerosol, cool the aerosol or filter the aerosol.

[0005] The segments are usually wrapped in a packaging material, very often paper.

[0006] In the prior art, it is known to make such sections from cellulose acetate or polylactic acid. Since polylactic acid, and especially cellulose acetate, biodegrades very slowly in the environment, the industry is interested in producing smoking article sections from other materials that are more biodegradable and can make the use of cellulose acetate unnecessary. In the prior art, it is known to make sections for smoking articles, and in particular filter sections, from paper. Such sections are generally easily biodegradable, but they have drawbacks. For example, paper filter sections generally have a high filtration efficiency and therefore produce a dry aerosol, which leads to a worse aerosol taste compared to conventional filter sections made from cellulose acetate. Furthermore, paper filter sections often have a lower filtration efficiency for phenol than cellulose acetate. Furthermore, it has proven difficult to produce paper sections that are acceptable to consumers in terms of a combination of tensile resistance, filtration efficiency and hardness. To reduce the filtration efficiency, less paper is often used per unit volume of the filter, but this makes the section softer and the tensile resistance too low.

[0007] When designing the section of smoking article, tensile resistance and filtration efficiency play an important role. In smoking article, sections with high tensile resistance, as well as low tensile resistance, and similarly high or low filtration efficiency are required. Since tensile resistance and filtration efficiency are closely related, it is difficult to adjust these parameters independently over a wide range.

[0008] There is therefore interest in industry to utilize filter materials that allow for the production of sections whose tensile resistance and filtration efficiency can be widely modified independently of one another. Summary of the Invention

[0009] It is an object of the present invention to provide a section for a smoking article, or a section for a smoking article, in which the pulling resistance and the filtration efficiency can be adjusted simply, reliably and essentially independently of each other and which is superior in this respect to conventional sections. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a section for a smoking article which is easily biodegradable.

[0010] This object is achieved by a section according to claim 1, a filter rod according to claim 35 and a smoking article according to claim 39. Advantageous embodiments are provided in the dependent claims.

[0011] The inventors have found that this object can be achieved by a section of a smoking article comprising a wrapping material and a filter material, the wrapping material encasing the filter material, the filter material being formed on at least 10% and at most 100% of the mass of a calendered fibrous web, at least 50% and at most 100% of the calendered fibrous web being formed by organic polymeric fibres, the calendered fibrous web having a compression factor of at least 0.45 and at most 0.85, the compression factor being the ratio of the density of the calendered fibrous web and the volume weighted densities of the components of the calendered fibrous web.

[0012] According to the prior art, a person skilled in the art would like the filter material in the section of the smoking article to have a low density porous structure in order to provide a sufficient surface area for the aerosol flowing through the section so that the components of the aerosol can be efficiently filtered. In this regard, each filter material is separately investigated how the tensile resistance and filtration efficiency are related, and for the desired parameters, the type and mass of the filter material in the section are specified. In this regard, in addition to the tensile resistance and filtration efficiency, other aspects are also important, especially the hardness of the section, which is mainly determined by the mass of the filter material and partly by the wrapping material. In particular, it is difficult to achieve low tensile resistance and low filtration efficiency with sufficient hardness. It is also difficult for a section to achieve low tensile resistance and high filtration efficiency, or vice versa, high tensile resistance and low filtration efficiency. However, for smoking articles, especially heated tobacco products, there is a high need for such a section.

[0013] The inventors have surprisingly found that a calendered fibrous web as a component of a section in a smoking article can achieve this objective. According to the prior art, a person skilled in the art would not think of using a calendered fibrous web as a filter material for this type of section, because the calendering process compresses the fibrous web, smoothing and sealing the surface, resulting in a non-porous structure, which would presumably result in a very low filtering effect and would make such a fibrous web unsuitable for a section of a smoking article. The inventors have found, however, contrary to expectation, that a calendered fibrous web is suitable as a filter material for such a section if the fibrous web is calendered so that the compression factor falls within the range according to the invention. With this narrow range of compression factors, the tensile resistance of the section made from the fibrous web is relatively low, but the filtering efficiency is still in the intermediate range, and in particular the filtering efficiency is almost constant and is independent of the tensile resistance and mass of the calendered fibrous web of the section. Thus, the calendered fibrous web with the compression factor according to the invention makes it possible to adjust the tensile resistance and hardness of the section without changing the filtering efficiency. Available filter materials in the prior art do not allow for this to the same extent.

[0014] The compression factor is the ratio of the density of the calendered fibrous web and the volume weighted density of the components of the calendered fibrous web. This ratio essentially describes how hard to compress the calendered fibrous web. A compression factor of 1 means maximum compression, so that no porous deposits remain in the calendered fibrous web, while a low compression factor leaves some pore deposits in the calendered fibrous web.

[0015] The fiber web has a density ρ i and unit area mass m i The volume weighted density ρ0 of the components of the calendered fibrous web is calculated as follows:

[0016]

number

[0017] Density ρ of the calendered fibrous web c is derived from the unit area mass of the components of the calendered fibrous web and the thickness d of the calendered fibrous web by:

[0018]

number

[0019] The basis weight can be measured according to ISO 536:2019 and the thickness can be measured according to ISO 534:2011. The compression factor C is the density ρ of the calendered fibrous web. c Since the ratio ρ0 of the density of the components of the calendered fibrous web to the density of the components of the calendered fibrous web is

[0020]

number

[0021] In order to achieve the effect of the present invention, the compression factor must be at least 0.45 and at most 0.85. The calculation of the compression factor C does not require the inclusion of all of the components in their entirety. It is sufficient that all components used in the calculation constitute at least 90% of the mass of the calendered fibrous web. An example of the calculation of the compression factor is further provided below.

[0022] The inventors have not yet found a theory as to why, contrary to expectation, the calendered fibrous web has a filtration efficiency in the intermediate range and why, in the range of the compression factor according to the present invention, the tensile resistance is independent of the filtration efficiency. However, as will be further explained below, experiments show that the compression factor of the calendered fibrous web is an essential measure to achieve the effect of the present invention. It also needs to be presumed that the porous structure and surface of the calendered fibrous web produced by calendering are important to the compression factor according to the present invention.

[0023] The section according to the invention comprises a filter material, and at least 10% and at most 100% of the mass of the filter material is formed by calendered fiber web. Due to the calendered fiber web, the tensile resistance and the filtration efficiency can be adjusted independently of each other. For example, the proportion of calendered fiber web in the filter material can be increased to increase the tensile resistance but leave the filtration efficiency unchanged. Thus, preferably at least 20% and at most 90% of the mass of the filter material, particularly preferably at least 25% and at most 75% of the mass of the filter material, is formed by calendered fiber web. In some embodiments, the proportion of calendered fiber web in the filter material is quite high, being at least 30% and at most 100% of the mass of the filter material.

[0024] The reason why the compression factor of the calendered fibrous web is essential for the classification according to the invention is that, according to the findings of the inventors, the pulling resistance and the filtration efficiency are only independent of the compression factor in a certain range.Preferably, the compression factor of the calendered fibrous web is at least 0.50 and at most 0.80, particularly preferably at least 0.55 and at most 0.75.Within the scope of the invention, the investigations by the inventors show that the pulling resistance and the filtration efficiency are independent of each other, and that in the preferred range of the compression factor, the calendering process can be carried out particularly efficiently.

[0025] In the section according to the invention, the fibrous web forming at least part of the filter material is calendered. This can mean that during production, the fibrous web moves between at least one nip where mechanical pressure acts on the fibrous web, whereupon the fibrous web is compressed and smoothed. In this regard, for example, the mechanical pressure and the number of nips can be selected such that the compression factor of the calendered fibrous web is within the range according to the invention. To assist the calendering process, the rolls forming the nip can be heated and / or the moisture content of the fibrous web can be adjusted before calendering. In order to produce a calendered fibrous web for the section according to the invention, it is important to increase the moisture content of the fibrous web during calendering compared to the equilibrium state of the dry fibrous web in order to achieve the compression factor according to the invention. Furthermore, the skilled person can adjust further parameters of the calendering process based on the properties of the fibrous web to achieve the desired compression factor.

[0026] This calendering process must be distinguished here from other processes, such as size compression or coating devices that apply substances to the face of the fibrous web, etc. In this regard, the fibrous web can also in fact move between nips, but no high pressure is exerted on the fibrous web, so that the fibrous web is not compressed, or is only slightly compressed, and the compression factor according to the invention is not achieved.

[0027] The calendered fibrous web comprises organic polymeric fibres, which are fibres made of polymers whose main chain contains carbon atoms, such polymeric fibres being in principle suitable for forming a fibrous web and calendering it, so that the invention can be realised.

[0028] Inorganic fibres such as glass fibres, metal or mineral fibres and fibres derived from inorganic polymers such as polysiloxanes are not in accordance with the present invention.

[0029] The biodegradability of the calendered fibrous web can be improved or even enabled by the choice of polymeric fibers. Since smoking articles are often discarded in the environment after use, it is important that the sections that make up the smoking article are readily biodegradable.

[0030] Preferably, the organic polymer fiber is therefore a fiber made from biopolymers. Biopolymers are polymers that are synthesized by organisms or are chemically identical to the polymers synthesized by organisms. Modified polymers that are synthesized by organisms or can be synthesized by organisms are also biopolymers within the scope of the present invention. As an example, synthetic polymers such as polyethylene or polypropylene are not biopolymers and therefore are less preferred, but still according to the present invention. In this regard, preferably at least 80% by weight, particularly preferably at least 90% by weight and ideally all of the organic polymer fiber is made from biopolymers.

[0031] To further optimize biodegradability, in a particularly preferred embodiment, the organic polymer fibers are fibers derived from cellulosic polymers. Examples of fibers derived from cellulosic polymers are pulp fibers, fibers derived from regenerated cellulose, and fibers derived from cellulose acetate. Less preferred according to the invention are fibers derived from polylactic acid, which is a biopolymer but is not a cellulosic biopolymer and is less readily biodegradable than, for example, pulp fibers. Also less preferred are fibers derived from cellulose acetate, which is a cellulosic biopolymer but is much less readily biodegradable than fibers made from polylactic acid.

[0032] In order to achieve the best biodegradability of the segments according to the invention, in a particularly preferred embodiment, the fibres made from biopolymers are pulp fibres, fibres derived from regenerated cellulose or a mixture thereof.

[0033] In particular, at least 80% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight and in particular all of the organic polymeric fibers are pulp fibers sourced from coniferous, deciduous trees or other plants, such as from hemp, flax, jute, ramie, kenaf, kapok, coconut, abaca, sisal, bamboo, cotton or esparto grass, or are a mixture of pulp fibers sourced from two or more of these trees or plants. In other words, the pulp fibers can be sourced from just one of the aforementioned sources or can be a mixture of pulp fibers sourced from two or more of these sources. Apart from optimal biodegradability, these fibers are also available in uniform quality and large quantities.

[0034] The proportion of organic polymer fibers in the calendered fiber web can be varied. According to the present invention, the proportion is at least 50% and at most 100% of the mass of the calendered fiber web, in order to provide a fiber web with good strength for further processing. Preferably, the proportion of organic polymer fibers in the mass of the calendered fiber web is higher, at least 60% and at most 100%, particularly preferably at least 70% and at most 95%. A high proportion of organic polymer fibers allows the fiber web to be calendered at a low pressure in order to achieve the compression factor according to the present invention.

[0035] For good biodegradability, the calendered fibrous web preferably contains less than 40%, particularly preferably less than 30% and in particular less than 20% of fibers derived from cellulose acetate, the percentages being related to the weight of the calendered fibrous web. In particular, the calendered fibrous web does not contain fibers derived from cellulose acetate.

[0036] The calendered fibrous web can contain a filler material. The filler material provides the calendered fibrous web with a porous structure, which is generally less compressible, so that high pressures are required for calendering the fibrous web to achieve the desired compression factor. Preferably, the proportion of the filler material is therefore at least 0% and at most 50% of the mass of the calendered fibrous web, particularly preferably the proportion of the filler material is at least 0% and at most 30%, more particularly preferably at least 0% and at most 5%, respectively, relative to the mass of the calendered fibrous web. The filler material may be useful for increasing the brightness of the fibrous web. This may be important when the section produced from the fibrous web is located at the end of the smoking article, and the cross section of the section is visible. A similar reason why the filler material can be used is that it is cheaper than other organic polymeric fibers. For these reasons, a filler content of at least 5% and at most 35% relative to the mass of the calendered fibrous web is also preferred as an alternative.

[0037] Preferably, the filler material is selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium silicate, aluminum silicate, kaolin, talc and bentonite, or may be formed by a mixture of two or more of these types of filler material.

[0038] The calendered fibrous web can contain additives to provide the calendered fibrous web with special properties. These additives can affect, for example, the strength in dry or wet state, water absorption, the filtration efficiency of the whole or specific substances. The proportion of additives in the calendered fibrous web is preferably at least 0% and at most 10% of the mass of the calendered fibrous web, particularly preferably at least 1% and at most 9% of the mass of the calendered fibrous web.

[0039] Preferably, the additive is selected from the group consisting of a sizing agent, an alkyl ketene dimer (AKD), an alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA), a fatty acid, a starch, a starch derivative, a carboxymethyl cellulose, an alginate, a chitosan, a wettability enhancing agent, a citrate, a trisodium citrate, a tripotassium citrate, a malate, a tartrate, an acetate, a nitrate, a succinate, a fumarate, a gluconate, a glycolate, a lactate, an oxalate, a salicylate, an alpha-hydroxycaprylate, a phosphate, a polyphosphate, a chloride, a bicarbonate, a triacetin, a propylene glycol, an ethylene glycol, a sorbitol, a glycerol, a polyethylene glycol, a polypropylene glycol, a polyvinyl alcohol, a triethyl citrate, a catalyst, an activated carbon, a flavoring, an encapsulated flavoring, or a mixture thereof.

[0040] The basis weight of the calendered fibrous web is preferably at least 15 g / m 2 and at most 44 g / m 2 , preferably at least 20 g / m 2 and at most 40 g / m2 , particularly preferably at least 23 g / m 2 and at most 38 g / m 2 , in particular at least 31 g / m 2 and at most 37 g / m 2 This basis weight is advantageous to facilitate calendering of the fibrous web for further processing, where the fibrous web is calendered into sections of smoking articles, and can provide a calendered fibrous web with good strength. This value refers to the basis weight measured according to ISO 536:2019.

[0041] The thickness of the calendered fibrous web is preferably at least 15 μm and at most 55 μm, particularly preferably at least 20 μm and at most 50 μm, and in particular at least 30 μm and at most 37 μm. This thickness can be measured according to ISO534:2011 and refers to the thickness of the fibrous web after calendering.

[0042] The mechanical properties of the calendered fibrous web are important for its processing into smoking article segments. The tensile strength per unit width of the calendered fibrous web, measured according to ISO 1924-2:2008, is preferably at least 6 N / 15 mm and at most 70 N / 15 mm, particularly preferably at least 8 N / 15 mm and at most 60 N / 15 mm.

[0043] The breaking elongation of the calendered fibrous web is important since the fibrous web is often crimped during processing into sections of smoking articles, whereby a particularly high breaking elongation is advantageous. The breaking elongation of the calendered fibrous web, measured according to ISO 1924-2:2008, is therefore preferably at least 0.8% and at most 3.0%, and particularly preferably at least 1.0% and at most 2.5%.

[0044] The tensile strength and elongation at break can depend on the direction in which the measurement sample is taken from the filler material. However, due to the calendering, the dependence on this direction is low. This characteristic of the calendered fiber web is present when the tensile strength and elongation at break are in the preferred or particularly preferred range in at least one direction, respectively.

[0045] The inventors have also found that the effect of the calendering can be improved by coating, especially when the basis weight of the calendered fibrous web is low, and a much better independence of the tensile resistance and the filtration efficiency can be achieved. The coating also makes it possible to modify the surface of the fibrous web, for example to obtain selective filtration performance of certain substances in aerosols.

[0046] In this regard, the coating can be applied in the form of a composition comprising the coating material and a solvent, which is removed after application, for example by drying, and the coating consists only of those components of the composition that remain on the calendered fibrous web.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment of the section, the calendered fibrous web is coated on at least one side, the coating on at least one side covering at least 20% and at most 100% of the area of ​​this side of the calendered fibrous web, the coating being selected from the group consisting of sizing agents, alkyl ketene dimers (AKD), alkenyl succinic anhydrides (ASA), fatty acids, starches, starch derivatives, carboxymethyl cellulose, alginates, chitosan, wettability enhancers, citrates, trisodium citrate, tripotassium citrate, malates, tartrates, acetic acid. and the coating comprises a material selected from the group consisting of salts, nitrates, succinates, fumarates, gluconates, glycolates, lactates, oxalates, salicylates, alpha-hydroxycaprylates, phosphates, polyphosphates, chlorides, bicarbonates, triacetin, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, sorbitol, glycerol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, triethyl citrate, catalysts, activated charcoal, flavorings, and encapsulated flavorings.

[0048] In a particular preferred embodiment, the coating comprises a material selected from the group consisting of starch, starch derivatives, cellulose derivatives and mixtures thereof. More particularly preferably, the coating comprises a material selected from the group consisting of starch, starch derivatives, cellulose derivatives and mixtures thereof (i.e. the material is a mixture of one or more of these substances), the proportion of this material in the coating being at least 20% and at most 100%, in particular at least 50% and at most 100%, particularly preferably at least 70% and at most 98% and in particular at least 80% and at most 95%, each relative to the weight of the coating applied to the calendered fibrous web.

[0049] In a particularly preferred embodiment, only one side of the calendered fibrous web is coated, the coating covering at least 50% and at most 100% of the area of ​​the coated side of the calendered fibrous web, particularly more preferably at least 90% and at most 100% of the area of ​​the coated side of the calendered fibrous web, in particular at least 80% and at most 95% of the area of ​​the coated side of the calendered fibrous web, for example, when full surface coating needs to be avoided for technical reasons. Such technical reasons may be that it is necessary to leave some parts of the calendered fibrous web uncoated in order to still be able to determine the properties of the fibrous web without coating on the finished fibrous web.

[0050] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the calendered fibrous web is coated on both sides, the coating covering at least 20% and at most 100% of the area of ​​each of the two sides of the calendered fibrous web, especially more preferably at least 50% and at most 100% of the area of ​​each of the two sides of the calendered fibrous web, in particular at least 90% and at most 100% of the area of ​​each of the two sides of the calendered fibrous web, in particular at least 80% and at most 95% of the area of ​​each of the two sides of the calendered fibrous web, in case, for example, full surface coating needs to be avoided for technical reasons.

[0051] The amount of coating material applied to one or both sides of the calendered fibrous web is particularly preferably at least 0.5 g / m 2 and at most 5.0 g / m 2 , particularly preferably at least 0.7 g / m 2 and at most 4.0 g / m 2 and g / m 2 Each amount relates only to the area where the coating material was actually applied.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment of the section, at least one side of the calendered fibrous web is coated, the coating on at least one side covering at least 20% and at most 100% of the area of ​​this side of the calendered fibrous web, and the basis weight of the calendered fibrous web including the coating is at least 20 g / m 2 and at most 35 g / m 2 In certain preferred embodiments of this category, the coating comprises a material selected from the group consisting of starch, starch derivatives, cellulose derivatives, and mixtures of two or more thereof.

[0053] The calendered fibrous web is preferably a calendered paper or a calendered nonwoven fabric. Such preferred calendered fibrous webs can be manufactured by processes known in the art.

[0054] The section according to the invention comprises a filter material, at least 10% of the mass of the filter material being formed by a calendered fibrous web. The filter material is completely formed by the calendered fibrous web. The purpose of the calendered fibrous web is mainly to make the tensile resistance of the section independent of the filtration efficiency. To achieve this purpose, at least 10% of the mass of the filter material must be formed by the calendered fibrous web. However, it is advantageous to combine the calendered fibrous web with a further filtration material.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment, the filter material of the section according to the invention comprises a calendered fibrous web and a further filtration material, the further filtration material being preferably selected from the group consisting of filter paper, nonwoven fabric or tow and combinations thereof.

[0056] Particularly preferably, the further filtration material is selected from the group consisting of filter paper, cellulosic nonwovens, hydroentangled nonwovens, tows comprising cellulose acetate, tows comprising regenerated cellulose and combinations of two or more of these, which allows a particularly good adjustment of the filtration efficiency of the sections.

[0057] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the additional filtration material is filter paper, cellulosic nonwoven fabric, hydroentangled nonwoven fabric or a combination of two or more thereof.These additional filtration materials allow for good biodegradability and therefore can be combined with the calendered fibrous web in a particular advantageous manner.In a further embodiment of this particularly preferred embodiment, the additional filtration material is in the form of a web and is laminated to the calendered fibrous web.

[0058] Preferably, at least 10% and at most 90%, particularly preferably at least 20% and at most 70%, of the mass of the filter material is formed by further filtering material.

[0059] In a particularly preferred embodiment, which combines in a particularly advantageous manner the effect of the tensile resistance and filtration efficiency of the calendered fibrous web with the biodegradability of the section, the section of the smoking article comprises a wrapping material and a filter material, the wrapping material wrapping the filter material, at least 70% and at most 100% of the mass of the filter material is formed by the calendered fibrous web, at least 50% and at most 100% of the mass of the calendered fibrous web is formed by organic polymeric fibers, the calendered fibrous web has a compression factor of at least 0.45 and at most 0.85, and at most 30%, in particular at most 20%, of the mass of the filter material is formed by cellulose acetate.

[0060] The section according to the invention for smoking articles comprises a filter material and a wrapping material, the wrapping material encasing the filter material and is preferably paper or film.

[0061] In this respect, wrapping materials must be strictly differentiated from the calendered fibrous webs which are constituent parts of filter materials. Wrapping materials of this class for smoking articles have completely different requirements, such as processability by adhesion, breathability, colour, suitability for perforation and sometimes printability, while the effect on the filtration properties and tensile resistance is of no importance.

[0062] The packaging material of the present invention preferably has a thickness of at least 20 g / m 2 and at most 150 g / m 2 , particularly preferably at least 30 g / m 2 and at most 130 g / m 2 A wrapping material having this preferred or particularly preferred basis weight in combination with a filter material provides a wrapped section according to the invention, which has a particularly advantageous hardness, so that the smoker cannot accidentally compress the section located in the smoking article.

[0063] In a preferred embodiment of the segment according to the invention, the segment is cylindrical with a cross section of an outer boundary that is approximately circular or elliptical, the nominal diameter of this boundary being at least 3 mm and at most 10 mm, particularly preferably at least 4 mm and at most 9 mm, and most particularly preferably at least 5 mm and at most 8 mm. These nominal diameters are suitable for the use of the segment according to the invention in smoking articles. This nominal diameter can be measured according to ISO2971:2013.

[0064] In a preferred embodiment of the segment according to the invention, the segment has a length of at least 4 mm and at most 40 mm, particularly preferably at least 6 mm and at most 35 mm and in particular at least 10 mm and at most 28 mm.

[0065] The tensile resistance of a segment determines, inter alia, the pressure difference that a smoker must apply during consumption of a smoking article in order to generate a certain volumetric flow through the smoking article, and therefore the tensile resistance significantly influences the acceptance of the smoking article by the smoker. The tensile resistance of a segment can be measured according to ISO 6565:2015 and is given in mm water gauge (mmWG). To a very good approximation, the tensile resistance of a segment is proportional to the length of the segment, so that measurements of the tensile resistance can also be performed on rods that differ from the segments only by their length. The tensile resistance of a segment can be easily calculated from this measurement.

[0066] The tensile resistance of the segment per unit length of the segment is preferably at least 0.05 mmWG / mm and at most 12.0 mmWG / mm, particularly preferably at least 0.1 mMWG / mm and at most 10.0 mmWG / mm and especially more preferably at least 0.1 mmWG / mm and at most 4.0 mmWG / mm.

[0067] Typically, the section is essentially cylindrical with a cross section of the outer boundary that is approximately circular or elliptical, and has one or more voids inside the section, which can accommodate, for example, activated carbon particles or collapsible capsules containing flavorings. The voids are at least approximately parallel to the longitudinal axis of the section and can be located entirely inside the section, or can be formed as one or more elongated tubes that terminate at one or both ends of the section. Such voids can also affect filtration efficiency and tensile resistance. When a smoker puffs on a smoking article during use, the direction of the longitudinal axis coincides with the aerosol flow direction of the smoking article.

[0068] The section according to the invention may also contain aerosol-forming material, in particular tobacco material.

[0069] The manufacture of the segments according to the invention can be carried out according to processes known in the art.

[0070] The filter rod according to the invention is cylindrical with a substantially circular or elliptical outer boundary cross section, has a length of at least 40 mm and at most 200 mm, and comprises at least one section according to the invention.

[0071] Preferably, the filter rod comprises at least one section according to the invention and at least one further section, the further section comprising a filter material, the sections being arranged one after the other in the longitudinal direction of the filter rod. Particularly preferably, the filter material of the further section comprises cellulose acetate.

[0072] Preferably, the filter rod comprises a plurality of sections according to the invention and a plurality of further sections identical to one another, the number of sections according to the invention being identical to one another in the filter rod and equal to the number of further sections in the longitudinal direction of the filter rod, the sections according to the invention and the further sections being arranged alternately with one another. In a particularly preferred embodiment of this filter rod, the number of sections according to the invention and the number of further sections identical to one another are 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, respectively.

[0073] Such filter rods, called "double filters", make it possible to combine the advantageous properties of a section according to the invention with a further section which, apart from the filtering properties of the further section, also provides the oral end of the smoking article produced from the filter rod with an excellent optical appearance.

[0074] Preferably, the filter rod is cylindrical with a substantially circular or elliptical outer boundary cross section, with a nominal diameter of at least 3 mm and at most 10 mm, particularly preferably at least 4 mm and at most 9 mm and in particular at least 5 mm and at most 8 mm. The nominal diameter can be measured according to ISO2971:2013.

[0075] The manufacture of the filter rods according to the invention can be carried out according to processes known in the art.

[0076] A smoking article according to the present invention comprises at least two sections, one of which is as described in any one of the previous embodiments, and at least one of which contains an aerosol-forming material.

[0077] The inventors have found that the section according to the present invention may be particularly advantageously used in smoking articles comprising at least three sections, a first section may contain an aerosol-forming material, a second section may be a section according to any one of the preceding embodiments, and a third section may serve for filtration, the second section being disposed between the first and third sections.

[0078] By combining the second section with the third section, a fairly wide range of filtration efficiency and tensile resistance can be covered, and the filtration efficiency can be adapted much better than that of conventional filters, for example, derived from cellulose acetate. In this regard, the desired filtration efficiency results from the combination of the second section and the third section, and the tensile resistance can be adjusted by the amount of calendered fiber web of the second section without significantly changing the filtration efficiency. Such smoking articles can be manufactured, for example, from the filter rod further specified above as "double filter".

[0079] In a preferred embodiment, the smoking article thus comprises at least three sections, the first section containing an aerosol-forming material and the second section being a section according to any one of the previous embodiments, the second section being disposed between the first and third sections. In a particularly preferred embodiment of this smoking article, the tensile resistance of the third section is higher than that of the second section. In a particularly preferred embodiment of this smoking article, the ratio of the length of the second section to the length of the third section is at least 1:2 and at most 5:1, particularly preferably at least 1:1 and at most 3:1. The length of the sections affects the tensile resistance, so that the tensile resistance can be much better adjusted by selecting the length.

[0080] In particularly preferred embodiments of the smoking article, the third section comprises filter paper, a cellulosic nonwoven, a hydroentangled nonwoven, a tow comprising cellulose acetate, or a tow comprising regenerated cellulose.

[0081] In a preferred embodiment, the smoking article is a filter cigarette and the aerosol-forming material comprises tobacco.

[0082] The sections according to the invention are particularly well suited for smoking articles that heat but do not burn the aerosol-forming material during the intended use of the smoking article. Such smoking articles consist of several sections, typically 2 to 4 sections, one section containing the aerosol-forming material and the other sections can serve for aerosol transport, cooling or filtering. These sections require significantly different tensile resistance and filtering efficiency, and as a result, there is a particular need for such smoking articles to easily and reliably adjust the tensile resistance and filtering efficiency of the sections over a wide range.

[0083] In a preferred embodiment, the smoking article is therefore a smoking article which during intended use merely heats and does not burn an aerosol-forming material, the aerosol-forming material comprising a material selected from the group consisting of tobacco, reconstituted tobacco, nicotine, glycerol, propylene glycol, and flavourings or a mixture of two or more of these materials, and particularly preferably, the aerosol-forming material is heated electrically. The aerosol-forming material may thereby also be present as a gel or in liquid form, and may preferably be contained in a container in a section of the smoking article.

[0084] The segments according to the invention as well as the smoking articles according to the invention may be manufactured according to processes known in the art. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0085] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 shows a plot of nicotine filtration efficiency as a function of tensile resistance for segments according to the invention and for segments according to the prior art. EXAMPLES

[0086] Description of the Preferred Embodiment and Some Comparative Examples Some preferred embodiments of the sections according to the invention are described below and compared with examples not according to the invention.

[0087] Calculating the compression factor In the context of the present invention, a basis weight of 32 g / m 2 An example of a fiber web according to the invention has a mass per unit area m1=27.0 g / m 2 , density ρ1=1.5g / cm 3 of pulp fiber, m2=3.2g / m 2 , density ρ2=2.7g / cm 3 of calcium carbonate particles and the remaining mass of further additives, the volume weighted density ρ0 of the component is:

[0088]

number

[0089] In this regard, further additives have been neglected as their effect on density is small.

[0090] A calendered fibrous web of thickness d=28 μm was produced from these components, the compression factor C being:

[0091]

number

[0092] In the context of the present invention, a basis weight of 25 g / m 2 A further example of a fibrous web of the invention having a mass per unit area m1=22.5 g / m 2 , density ρ1=0.95g / cm 3 of polyethylene fiber, m2 = 2.0 g / m 2 , density ρ2=4.2g / cm 2of titanium dioxide particles and the remaining mass of further additives, the volume weighted density ρ0 of the components being:

[0093]

number

[0094] In this regard, further additives have been neglected as their effect on density is small.

[0095] When a calendered fibrous web of thickness d=30 μm is produced from these components, the compression factor C is:

[0096]

number

[0097] The densities of the components of calendered fibrous webs are generally known in the art. As an example, Table 1 shows some typical values.

[0098] [Table 1]

[0099] Production of calendered fibrous webs Calendared fiber web A A mixture of pulp fibres consisting of 80% pulp fibres from spruce and pine and 20% pulp fibres from birch was used to produce a calendered fibre web. The pulp fibres from spruce and pine were refined to a refinement of 67°SR, measured according to ISO5267-1:1999. Starch was added to the fibre web so that approximately 95% of the mass consisted of pulp fibres and 5% of starch. The fibre web was produced in a conventional paper machine and calendered with the fibre web having an increased moisture content in a calender integrated in the paper machine.

[0100] The density of the components, ignoring starch, is therefore ρ0 = 1.5 g / m 2 It was.

[0101] Basis weight is 35g / m 2 and the thickness is 33 μm, so the compression factor is:

[0102]

number

[0103] The tensile strength and elongation at break of the calendered fibrous web A were measured according to ISO 1924-2:2008, giving a machine direction tensile strength value of 51.6 N / 15 mm and a machine direction elongation at break value of 1.1%.

[0104] The fibrous web was similarly calendered more and less heavily, resulting in other thickness and compression factors, as further shown in Table 3.

[0105] Calendared fiber web B The fibers from regenerated cellulose were refined to a refinement of 73°SR, measured according to ISO5267-1:1999. A fiber web was formed from the fibers in a paper machine using suitable process aids, so that about 99% of the mass of the fiber web consisted of fibers of regenerated cellulose. The fiber web was calendered in a calender integrated in the paper machine, at an elevated moisture content of the fiber web.

[0106] The density of the components is ρ0 = 1.5 g / cm 3 It was.

[0107] Basis weight is 42g / m 2 and the thickness is 38 μm, so the compression factor is:

[0108]

number

[0109] The tensile strength and elongation at break of the calendered fibrous web B were measured according to ISO 1924-2:2008, giving a machine direction tensile strength value of 61.7 N / 15 mm and a machine direction elongation at break value of 1.0%.

[0110] Relationship between tensile resistance and filtration efficiency Cylindrical filter rods of 108 mm in length and approximately 7.1 mm in diameter were produced from each of the calendered fibrous webs A and B, the filter material of the filter rods being completely formed by the calendered fibrous webs and having a basis weight of 78 g / m 2 The width of the fibrous web used to manufacture the filter rods varied between 60 mm and 242 mm, and different amounts of filter material were present in the filter rods during manufacture to vary the tensile resistance. The length of the calendered fibrous web used to manufacture the filter rods was approximately 108 mm.

[0111] The filter cigarettes were manufactured from 108 mm long filter rods, and the filter rods were cut into 18 mm long sections which served as the filter sections of the filter cigarettes. The tobacco blend of the filter cigarettes was an American blend and within normal manufacturing variations, the filter cigarettes differing only with respect to the filter section.

[0112] The nicotine filtration efficiency was measured as a characteristic parameter of the filtration efficiency. Filter cigarettes were smoked according to the method specified in ISO3308:2012, and the mass of nicotine coming out of the mouth end (m) and the mass of nicotine contained in the filter section (m Filter ) was measured using: m Filter / (m+m Filter )

[0113] The nicotine filtration efficiency was calculated, which can be expressed as a percentage and describes the ratio of the amount of nicotine retained in the filter to the amount of nicotine passing through the filter.

[0114] Table 2 shows the width (W), tensile resistance (PD), and filtration efficiency (FE) of the fibrous webs produced from the calendered fibrous webs A and B, each used for nicotine in 18 mm long sections.

[0115] These results were compared with filters made from paper, which, in terms of composition and basis weight, were very similar to the calendered fibrous web A, but not to the calendered fibrous web from cellulose acetate. These results are shown in Figure 1. The diagram in Figure 1 shows on the horizontal axis the tensile resistance (PD) of the 18 mm long sections in mmWG and on the vertical axis the nicotine filtration efficiency (FE) in %. In this respect, the values ​​of the section made from calendered fibrous web A (●), the section made from calendered fibrous web B (X), the section made from non-calendered filter paper (▲) and the section made from cellulose acetate (■) are shown. A surprising effect can be seen, that for the sections made from calendered fibrous webs A and B, the filtration efficiency changes only within the measurement variance when the tensile resistance is increased, whereas for the sections made from non-calendered filter paper and cellulose acetate, it increases significantly. The comparison of the sections made from calendered fibrous web A (●) and the section made from non-calendered filter paper (▲) shows that calendering and the resulting compression factor are essential features to make the tensile resistance and the filtration efficiency independent.

[0116] [Table 2]

[0117] Effect of compression factor In order to determine the range of compression factors that make the tensile resistance and filtration efficiency essentially independent for the calendered fibrous web, the fibrous web having the composition of the fibrous web A was calendered under various calendering conditions, resulting in calendered fibrous webs of various thicknesses and densities. Filter rods of 108 mm in length were produced from the calendered fibrous webs of 40 mm and 159 mm wide, respectively, and cut into 18 mm long sections. The tensile resistance Δp of the 40 mm wide fibrous web sections was 40 , and the tensile resistance Δp of a section of the 159 mm wide fiber web 159 , and the nicotine filtration efficiency F of a 40 mm wide fiber web section 40 and nicotine filtration efficiency F of a 159 mm wide fiber web section. 159 was determined as described above, and the average percent change in nicotine filtration efficiency with respect to the change in their tensile resistance was determined by: (F 159 -F 40 ) / (Δp 159 -Δp 40 )

[0118] The results are shown in Table 3 and for comparison, the non-calendared filter paper section (Y) ρ0 = 1.5 g / cm based on Figure 1. 3 Also provided are the average percent change in nicotine filtration efficiency determined in a similar manner for the cellulose acetate section (Z) and the thickness (D), compression factor (C) and average percent change in nicotine filtration efficiency (ΔF / ΔP).

[0119] [Table 3]

[0120] From Table 3 it can be seen that for the compression factor range of about 0.45 to about 0.85 of the calendered fibrous web, the tensile resistance and the nicotine filtration efficiency are essentially independent. However, even at compression factors above 0.85, the average change in filtration efficiency (ΔF / ΔP) is still small, but the pressure required for calendering is already very high, so that it is advantageous not to choose a compression factor above 0.85.

[0121] Furthermore, in relation to Table 2, the data for the calendered fibrous web B show that the tensile resistance and filtration efficiency are independent of the composition of the calendered fibrous web. The range of compression factors according to the invention is therefore valid independently of the composition of the fibrous web.

[0122] Coating Effects Calendared fiber web C Basic weight 23g / m 2 was produced from a mixture of pulp fibres consisting of 45% pulp fibres from spruce and pine and 55% pulp fibres from eucalyptus. The spruce and pine pulp fibres were refined to a refinement of 94°SR, measured according to ISO 5267-1:1999. To obtain the calendered fibrous web C, the fibrous web was produced in a conventional paper machine, coated on both sides with starch in a separate coating unit and calendered in a further device with the fibrous web having an increased moisture content.

[0123] The amount of starch applied by coating both sides together was approximately 1.5 g / m 2 , i.e. 6.12% of the mass of the calendered fibrous web, resulting in a basis weight of 24.5 g / m 2 This occurred.

[0124] The density of the components, ignoring starch, is therefore ρ0 = 1.5 g / cm 3 It was.

[0125] From a thickness of 20 μm, the resulting compression factors were:

[0126]

number

[0127] The tensile strength and elongation at break of the calendered fibrous web C were measured according to ISO 1924-2:2008, giving a machine direction tensile strength value of 29 N / 15 mm and a machine direction elongation at break value of 2.0%.

[0128] Calendered fibrous web D was prepared in the same manner, but without a coating.

[0129] Filter rods of length 108 mm were produced from the calendered fibrous webs, and calendered fibrous webs C of widths 120 mm and 180 mm and calendered fibrous webs D of widths 120 mm and 180 mm were used to produce four different sections. The length of the calendered fibrous webs corresponded approximately to the length of the 108 mm filter rods in all cases. The filter rods had a basis weight of 78 g / m 2 The nicotine filtration efficiency was determined in the same manner for fibrous webs A and B, and the width (W), tensile resistance (PD) of the 18 mm long section and nicotine filtration efficiency (FE) of the calendered fibrous webs are shown in Table 4.

[0130] [Table 4]

[0131] In the section according to the invention made from the calendered fibrous web D, the filtration efficiency still depends somewhat on the tensile resistance and the rate of change (37.4-35.9) / (6.7-2.9)=0.39% / mmWG, while this rate of change in the section according to the invention made from the coated calendered fibrous web C is only (29.3-30.8) / (22.5-5.9)=0.09% / mmWG, which shows that the coating allows for an even better independence of the tensile resistance and the filtration efficiency.

[0132] Each has a basis weight of 35g / m 2 and 42 g / m 2 The calendered fiber webs A and B were separated into sections each having a basis weight of 24.5 g / m 2 and 23 g / m 2 In comparison with the calendered fibrous webs C and D, it is also shown that the positive effect of calendering is weaker at lower basis weights of the calendered fibrous webs, and that this effect can be well counteracted by coating.

[0133] Combination with filtration materials Starting from a 18 mm long filter section made of cellulose acetate with a tensile resistance of about 30 mmWG and a nicotine filtration efficiency of 22.4%, the mass of cellulose acetate was reduced and a 79 mm wide calendered fibrous web A was added to the filter material. The 18 mm long section then had a tensile resistance of about 15 mmWG and a filtration efficiency of 22.8%. This shows that using the section according to the invention it is possible to reduce the tensile resistance by about half and keep the nicotine filtration efficiency almost constant. If such a reduction in the tensile resistance were to be achieved without using the calendered fibrous web A, the nicotine filtration efficiency would be too low and the hardness of the filter section would be insufficient.

[0134] The results therefore show that the segments according to the invention can offer significant advantages in terms of tuning the tensile resistance and filtration efficiency, taking into account the hardness of the segments, as well as achieving further improvements in terms of biodegradability.

[0135] Three categories of smoking articles A filter cigarette F according to the invention, 83 mm long and 7.8 mm in diameter, was produced from three sections, the first of which contained an American blend as tobacco blend, the second of which was a section according to the invention made of a calendered fibre web C, and the third of which contained filter paper. The second section was placed between the first and third sections, the third of which formed the buccal end of the filter cigarette.

[0136] The second section had a length of 18 mm and a tensile resistance of 22 mm WG, while the third section was 9 mm long and had a tensile resistance of 46 mm WG.

[0137] The third category of filter paper has a basis weight of 35 g / m 2 and a paper consisting essentially of 100% pulp fibre with a thickness of 88 μm.

[0138] As a comparative example not according to the invention, a 83 mm filter cigarette was produced with a 27 mm long filter section, made of cellulose acetate, with a diameter of 7.8 mm and an American blend tobacco blend, the filter section having a tensile resistance of 84 mmWG.

[0139] A filter cigarette F according to the invention and a filter cigarette X not according to the invention, serving as a comparative example, contained the same mass of tobacco and were ventilated by perforations in the area of ​​the filter, the degree of ventilation being adjusted so that both filter cigarettes had an open pull resistance of approximately 100 mmWG.

[0140] Both filter cigarettes were smoked according to standardized methods of ISO 3308 and ISO 4387 to determine total particulate matter (TPM), nicotine and carbon monoxide (CO), as well as puff number (PC).

[0141] The values ​​shown in Table 5 were obtained.

[0142] [Table 5]

[0143] These data show that by combining the section according to the invention with a further section serving for filtration, the smoke yield can be very well adjusted to an otherwise identical filter cigarette with a filter made of cellulose acetate. Apart from the flexibility in adjusting the tensile resistance and filtration efficiency, considerable ecological advantages also result, since the poorly biodegradable cellulose acetate can be avoided.

Claims

1. The invention comprises a packaging material and a filter material, wherein the packaging material packages the filter material, and at least 10% and at most 100% of the mass of the filter material is formed from a calendered fiber web, and at least 50% and at most 100% of the mass of the calendered fiber web is formed from organic polymer fibers. The calendered fiber web has a compression factor C of at least 0.45 and at most 0.

85. The compression factor is, [Math 1] Calculated by, In the formula, d is the thickness of the calendered fiber web as determined according to ISO 534:2011. I understand ｉ Hereinafter, 1 ≤ i ≤ N, and i is the unit area mass of the i-th component among N ≥ 1 components of the calendered fiber web. ρ ｉ This is the density of the i-th element among the constituent elements where 1 ≤ i ≤ N, and N ≥ 1. The N components considered in the calculation of the compressibility factor C are the unit area mass m from i=1 to i=N. ｉ A classification of smoking articles, selected such that the sum of the amounts is at least 90% of the base weight of the calendered fiber web as determined in accordance with ISO 536:2019.

2. The section according to claim 1, wherein at least 20% and at most 90% of the mass of the filter material is formed by the calendered fiber web.

3. The classification according to claim 1, wherein the compression factor of the calendered fiber web is at least 0.50 and at most 0.

80.

4. The classification according to claim 1, wherein at least 80% by weight of the organic polymer fibers are fibers derived from biopolymers.

5. The classification according to claim 4, wherein the fiber derived from a biopolymer is formed from pulp fiber, fiber derived from regenerated cellulose, or a mixture thereof.

6. The section according to claim 1, wherein at least 80% by weight of the organic polymer fibers is formed from pulp fibers supplied from coniferous trees, deciduous trees, hemp fibers, flax, jute, ramie, kenaf, kapok, coconut, abaca, sisal, bamboo, cotton, or African esparto grass, or is formed from a mixture of pulp fibers derived from two or more of these trees or plants.

7. The classification according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of organic polymer fibers to the mass of the calendered fiber web is at least 60% and at most 100%.

8. The classification according to claim 1, wherein the calendered fiber web contains less than 20% cellulose acetate-derived fibers with respect to the mass of each calendered fiber web.

9. The classification according to claim 1, wherein the calendered fiber web contains a filler material, and the ratio of the filler material to the mass of the calendered fiber web is at least 0% and at most 50%.

10. The classification according to claim 9, wherein the filler material is selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium silicate, aluminum silicate, kaolin, talc, and bentonite, or is formed by a mixture of two or more of these types of filler materials.

11. The portion according to claim 1, wherein at least 0% and at most 10% of the mass of the calendered fiber web is formed by one or more additives selected from the group consisting of sizing agents, alkyl ketene dimers (AKD), alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA), fatty acids, starch, starch derivatives, carboxymethylcellulose, alginates, chitosan, wetting enhancers, citrates, trisodium citrate, tripotassium citrate, malates, tartrates, acetates, nitrates, succinates, fumarates, glucons, glycolates, lactates, oxalates, salicylates, α-hydroxycaprylates, phosphates, polyphosphates, chlorides, bicarbonates, triacetins, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, sorbitol, glycerol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, triethyl citrate, catalysts, activated carbon, flavorings, and encapsulated flavorings.

12. The basic weight of the calendered fiber web is at least 23 g / m ２ The classification according to claim 1, which is at most 38 g / m².

13. The classification according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the calendered fiber web is at least 20 μm and at most 50 μm.

14. The classification according to claim 1, wherein the tensile strength with respect to the width of the calendered fiber web, as measured in accordance with ISO 1924-2:2008, is at least 6 N / 15 mm and at most 70 N / 15 mm in at least one direction.

15. The classification according to claim 1, wherein the elongation at break of the calendered fiber web, as measured in accordance with ISO 1924-2:2008, is at least 0.8% and at most 3.0% in at least one direction.

16. The calendered fiber web is coated on at least one side, and the coating on at least one side covers at least 20% and at most 100% of the surface area of ​​that side of the calendered fiber web, wherein the coating material includes sizing agents, alkyl ketene dimers (AKD), alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA), fatty acids, starch, starch derivatives, carboxymethylcellulose, alginates, chitosan, wetting enhancers, citrates, trisodium citrate, tripotassium citrate, malates, tartrates, acetates, and nitric acids. The classification according to claim 1, comprising materials selected from the group consisting of salts, succinates, fumarates, glucons, glycolates, lactates, oxalates, salicylates, α-hydroxycaprylates, phosphates, polyphosphates, chlorides, bicarbonates, triacetins, propylene glycols, ethylene glycols, sorbitol, glycerols, polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, polyvinyl alcohols, triethyl citrate, catalysts, activated carbon, flavorings, and encapsulated flavorings, or comprising a mixture of two or more of these materials.

17. The classification according to claim 16, wherein the coating comprises a material selected from the group consisting of starch, starch derivatives, cellulose derivatives, or a mixture of at least two of these materials, and the proportion of this material in the coating is at least 20% and at most 100% with respect to the mass of the coating applied to the calendered fiber web.

18. The division according to claim 16, wherein only one side of the calendered fiber web is coated, and the coating covers at least 50% and at most 100% of the area of ​​the coated side of the calendered fiber web.

19. The division according to claim 16, wherein both sides of the calendered fiber web are coated, and the coating covers at least 20% and at most 100% of the surface area of ​​both sides of the calendered fiber web.

20. The amount of coating material applied to one or both sides of the calendered fiber web is at least 0.5 g / m ２ The classification according to claim 16, wherein the amount is at most 5.0 g / m² and relates to the surface area to which the coating material is actually applied.

21. At least one side of the calendered fiber web is coated, the coating covers at least 20% and at most 100% of the area of ​​that side of the calendered fiber web on at least one side, and the basic weight of the calendered fiber web including the coating is at least 20 g / m² ２ and at most 35 g / m ２ The classification according to claim 16.

22. The classification according to claim 1, wherein the calendered fiber web is calendered paper or calendered nonwoven fabric.

23. The classification according to claim 1, wherein the filter material comprises the calendered fiber web and further filtration material.

24. The classification according to claim 23, wherein the further filtration material is selected from the group consisting of filter paper, cellulosic nonwoven fabric, water-entangled nonwoven fabric, tow containing cellulose acetate, tow containing regenerated cellulose, and two or more combinations thereof.

25. The classification according to claim 23, wherein the further filtration material is filter paper, a cellulose-based nonwoven fabric, a water-entangled nonwoven fabric, or a combination of two or more thereof.

26. The classification according to claim 23, wherein at least 10% and at most 90% of the mass of the filter material is formed by the further filtration material.

27. The classification according to claim 1, wherein at least 70% and at most 100% of the mass of the filter material is formed by the calendered fiber web, and at most 30% of the mass of the filter material is formed by cellulose acetate.

28. The classification according to claim 1, wherein the packaging material is paper or film.

29. The packaging material contains at least 20 g / m² ２ The classification according to claim 1, and having a basic weight of at most 150 g / m².

30. The section according to claim 1, wherein the section is cylindrical with a substantially circular or elliptical outer boundary cross-section and has a nominal diameter of at least 3 mm and at most 10 mm.

31. The division according to claim 1, wherein the division has at least 4 mm and at most 40 mm.

32. The section according to claim 1, wherein the tensile resistance per unit length of the section is at least 0.05 mmWG / mm and at most 12.0 mmWG / mm.

33. The section according to claim 1, wherein the section has one or more voids inside, and at least one or more disintegrable capsules containing activated carbon particles or flavorings are contained within the voids, or the one or more voids are formed as elongated tubes, the tubes being at least substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the section and being located entirely inside the section, or being terminated at one or both ends of the section.

34. The classification according to claim 1, wherein the classification contains an aerosol-forming material.

35. A filter rod, wherein the filter rod is cylindrical with a substantially circular or elliptical outer boundary cross-section, has a length of at least 40 mm and at most 200 mm, and comprises at least one section as described in any one of claims 1 to 33.

36. The filter rod according to claim 35, comprising at least one section and at least one further section comprising at least one section and filter material as described in any one of claims 1 to 34, wherein the sections are arranged sequentially in the longitudinal axis direction of the filter rod.

37. The filter rod according to claim 36, comprising a plurality of divisions and a plurality of further divisions identical to each other as described in any one of claims 1 to 34, wherein the number of divisions described in any one of claims 1 to 34 is equal to the number of further divisions identical to each other in the filter rod and located in the longitudinal axis direction of the filter rod, the divisions described in any one of claims 1 to 34 and the further divisions are arranged alternately to each other, and the number of divisions described in any one of claims 1 to 34 and the number of further divisions identical to each other are 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, respectively.

38. The filter rod according to claim 35, wherein the filter rod is cylindrical with a substantially circular or elliptical outer boundary cross-section and has a nominal diameter of at least 3 mm and at most 10 mm.

39. A smoking article comprising at least two sections, one of which is the section described in any one of claims 1 to 34, and at least one of which contains an aerosol-forming material.

40. A smoking article according to claim 39, comprising at least three sections, wherein the first section contains an aerosol-forming material, the second section is the section according to any one of claims 1 to 34, provides a third section, the third section serves a filtering purpose, and the second section is positioned between the first and third sections.

41. The smoking article according to claim 40, wherein the tensile resistance of the third section is higher than the tensile resistance of the second section.

42. The smoking article according to claim 40, wherein the ratio of the length of the second section to the length of the third section is at least 1:2 and at most 5:

1.

43. The smoking article according to claim 40, wherein the third section comprises filter paper, a cellulose-based nonwoven fabric, a water-entangled nonwoven fabric, a tow containing cellulose acetate, or a tow containing regenerated cellulose.

44. The smoking article according to claim 39, wherein the smoking article is a filtered cigarette and the aerosol-forming material is a cigarette.

45. The smoking article according to claim 39, wherein the aerosol-forming material is not burned but is only heated during the intended use of the smoking article, and the aerosol-forming material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of tobacco, reconstituted tobacco, nicotine, glycerol, propylene glycol, and flavorings or mixtures of two or more of these materials.

46. The smoking article according to claim 45, wherein the aerosol-forming material is electrically heated during the intended use and / or the aerosol-forming material exists in gel or liquid form.

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