Information transmission method and device

Abstract

An embodiment of the present invention provides an information transmission method and apparatus, the method includes the steps of: a first communication node in an unconnected state transmitting a data packet to a second communication node on a pre-established common channel, the data packet including at least one of the following information: a cell identifier received by the first communication node, a base station identifier received by the first communication node, a beam identifier received by the first communication node, and a wireless signal access point identifier received by the first communication node.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE Embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of communications, and more particularly to methods and apparatus for transmitting information. [Background technology]

[0002] In the future wireless communication system, there is a need for ISAC (Integration of sensing and communication). When the system obtains the location information of a large number of terminals and knows the channel information through which the wireless signals transmitted by these terminals pass, that is, when it knows the channel through which the electromagnetic waves transmitted from these locations reach the base station, it can do many things with this information, for example, as shown in Figure 1(a), it can build an environmental map, as shown in Figure 1(b) and Figure 1(c), it can monitor weather conditions such as rainfall and snowfall, especially heavy rainfall and heavy snowfall, and it can monitor sandstorms, dust, chemical gases, etc. in real time, it can monitor pedestrian traffic volume, traffic volume, etc. to assist traffic, and it can be used as information to assist public governance, it can sense the number of terminals in a certain place, and it can also realize security functions through communication signals, and it can realize energy saving and load balancing of base stations, etc.

[0003] However, if a terminal is required to transmit its location information, it increases the power consumption of the terminal. Therefore, most private user terminals may resist the request to "transmit their location information". For example, if the function "transmit their location information" is optional, many users will turn off the function. Alternatively, not transmitting location information may be a selling point of some terminals. These resistances significantly reduce the number of terminals that can provide location information, and ultimately degrade the performance of related measures that rely on "location and corresponding radio channel information".

[0004] In addition, in some scenarios, terminals may not be able to obtain traditional location information, and the inability of indoor terminals to transmit their locations will significantly reduce the number of terminals that can provide location information, ultimately degrading the performance of related measures that rely on "location and corresponding radio channel information".

[0005] Meanwhile, one important scenario in future wireless communication systems is the Internet of Things (IoT) or massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC). In the IoT or mMTC communication scenario, there are important services that need to know the location of a User Equipment (UE).

[0006] In order to improve the performance of the related means based on the "location information from the terminal" and its "corresponding wireless channel information", it is necessary to reduce the problem of power consumption caused by the transmission of the location information from the terminal. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT EMBODIMENTS The embodiments of the present invention provide an information transmission method and apparatus to solve at least the problems in the related art regarding transmitting location information from a terminal. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an information transmission method applied to a first communication node, the information transmission method including a step in which a first communication node in an unconnected state transmits a data packet to a second communication node on a pre-configured common channel, the data packet including at least one of the following information: a cell identifier received by the first communication node, a base station identifier received by the first communication node, a beam identifier received by the first communication node, and a wireless signal access point identifier received by the first communication node.

[0009] According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an information transmission method applied to a second communication node, comprising the step of receiving, on a common channel, a data packet transmitted by a first communication node in an unconnected state, the data packet including at least one of the following information: a cell identifier received by the first communication node, a base station identifier received by the first communication node, a beam identifier received by the first communication node, and a wireless signal access point identifier received by the first communication node.

[0010] According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an information transmission device applicable to a first communication node, comprising a first transmitting module configured to transmit a data packet to a second communication node on a pre-configured common channel when the first communication node is in a disconnected state, the data packet including at least one of the following information: a cell identifier received by the first communication node, a base station identifier received by the first communication node, a beam identifier received by the first communication node, and a wireless signal access point identifier received by the first communication node.

[0011] According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an information transmission device applicable to a second communication node, the information transmission device including a first receiving module configured to receive, on a common channel, a data packet transmitted by a first communication node in an unconnected state.

[0012] According to yet another embodiment of the present invention there is further provided a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, the computer program being configured to perform the steps of any of the method embodiments described above when executed.

[0013] According to yet another embodiment of the present invention there is further provided an electronic device comprising a memory having a computer program stored therein and a processor configured to execute said computer program to implement the steps of any of the method embodiments described above. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0014] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of realizing communication and sensing integration in the related art; [Diagram 2] 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an information transmission system according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Diagram 3] 2 is a flowchart of an information transmission method according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] 4 is a flowchart of an information transmission method according to another embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 5] 1 is a block diagram of an information transmission device according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 6] FIG. 11 is a block diagram of an information transmission device according to another embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional pilot scheme. [Figure 8] 1 is a schematic diagram of a transmission preamble in a conventional pilot scheme; [Figure 9] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pilot configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 10] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a pilot configuration according to another embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 11] 1 is a schematic diagram of a preamble sequence generation method according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 12] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an unrelated / independently generated sequence as a preamble according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 13] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a demodulation reference signal port set. [Figure 14] 2 is a schematic diagram of a reference signal set including M PRBs according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 15]FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a constellation change of a BPSK symbol according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 16] 2 is a schematic diagram of a sparse pilot according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 17] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a reference signal distribution according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 18] FIG. 2 is an implementation schematic diagram of a definition of a reference signal according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 19] 2 is a schematic diagram of a data packet including W highly sparse reference signals according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 20] 4 is a flowchart of an information transmission method according to another embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0015] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification, claims and the above drawings of the present invention are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or chronology, but are used to distinguish similar objects.

[0016] Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of an information transmission system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 2, the system includes a base station and a terminal, in which the terminal cannot directly transmit its location information, and the terminal transmits related information, such as a cell ID, a base station ID (BS-ID), a wireless signal access point ID (AP-ID) and a beam ID (Beam-ID), together in the form of a data packet to the base station, and the base station determines the location of the terminal according to the received data packet, and estimates and obtains the wireless channel through which the wireless signal transmitted by the terminal passes through the wireless signal carrying the data packet, and further senses the surrounding environment, thereby meeting the ISAC demand of the wireless communication system. Meanwhile, the base station may be applied to the related application of the Internet of Things based on the received data packet.

[0017] In this embodiment, an information transmission method is provided which is executed on the above-mentioned information transmission system. FIG. 3 is a flowchart of the information transmission method according to the embodiment of the present invention, where the method is applied to a first communication node. As shown in FIG. 3, the flow includes the following step S302:

[0018] In step S302, the first communication node in an unconnected state transmits a data packet to a second communication node on a pre-established common channel, the data packet including at least one of the following information: a cell identifier received by the first communication node, a base station identifier received by the first communication node, a beam identifier received by the first communication node, and a wireless signal access point identifier received by the first communication node, and the second communication node is a base station or an access point. The first communication node corresponds to the terminal in Fig. 1, and the second communication node corresponds to the base station in Fig. 1.

[0019] In an exemplary embodiment, the wireless signal access point identifier includes one of a cell-free communication system access point identifier, a wireless LAN access point identifier, a wireless WAN access point identifier, and a Bluetooth access point identifier. In this embodiment, the wireless LAN access point includes a wireless LAN router or a WIFI router.

[0020] In one exemplary embodiment, the data packet further includes at least one of the following information: a radio signal strength corresponding to the cell identifier, a radio signal strength corresponding to the base station identifier, a beam strength corresponding to the beam identifier, and a radio signal strength corresponding to the radio signal access point identifier.

[0021] In one exemplary embodiment, the cell identifier is a cell identifier of a plurality of cells, the base station identifier is a base station identifier of a plurality of base stations, the wireless signal access point identifier is a plurality of wireless signal access point identifiers, and the beam identifier is an identifier of a plurality of beams.

[0022] In one exemplary embodiment, the cell identifier is part of cell total identifier information, the base station identifier is part of base station total identifier information, the wireless signal access point identifier is part of wireless signal access point total identifier information, and the beam identifier is part of beam total identifier information.

[0023] In this embodiment, Cell-ID, BS-ID, AP-ID or Beam-ID usually exists in the form of a series of bit sequences. In some scenarios, an ID needs to be represented by many bits, for example, one Cell-ID has 12 bits, or one WIFI router MAC address, i.e., the identifier of the WIFI router has more bits, when the data packet transmitted by the terminal needs to include multiple Cell-IDs or multiple WIFI router MAC addresses, the total number of bits transmitted is large, in this case, only some bits of the identifier may be transmitted, for example, only 8 bits may be transmitted, and the Cell-IDs of cells in one area are usually some bits the same and some bits different, so the terminal only needs to transmit the cell identifier that can distinguish the cells, thus saving transmission overhead.

[0024] Before step S302 in this embodiment, the method further includes a step of the first communication node receiving a broadcast signaling transmitted by the second communication node and indicating a location of the common channel, where the location of the common channel is typically a time-frequency resource.

[0025] Before step S302 in this embodiment, the method further includes the steps of extending the modulation symbols formed by coding and modulating the data packet using an extension sequence to obtain extended symbols, and transmitting the extended symbols to the second communication node.

[0026] In one exemplary embodiment, the extension sequence is determined by information in the data packet.

[0027] In one exemplary embodiment, the extension sequence is from a set containing V extension sequences, and the extension sequence is determined from the set of extension sequences by log2(V) bits in the data packet, where V is an integer greater than 1 and log2() is the base 2 logarithm function.

[0028] Step S302 of this embodiment includes the steps of: determining W pilots; and transmitting the data packet with the W pilots to a second communication node, where W is an integer greater than one.

[0029] In an exemplary embodiment, the W pilots are independent. In one exemplary embodiment, the W pilots are determined by information in the data packet.

[0030] In one exemplary embodiment, the W pilots are determined by a number of bits in the data packet.

[0031] In one exemplary embodiment, the W pilots are from a pilot set including M pilots, each pilot being determined from the pilot set by log2(M) bits in the data packet, where M is an integer greater than 1.

[0032] In one exemplary embodiment, at least two of the W pilots are from different pilot sets.

[0033] In one exemplary embodiment, at least two of the W pilots are of different lengths.

[0034] In one exemplary embodiment, each pilot among the W pilots has only U symbols with non-zero values, where U is an integer greater than 0 and less than 5.

[0035] In one exemplary embodiment, W is two. In one exemplary embodiment, the step of transmitting the data packet to the second communication node includes the steps of determining a pilot, the pilot having only U symbols with non-zero values, U being an integer greater than 0 and less than 5, and transmitting the data packet together with the pilot to the second communication node.

[0036] In one exemplary embodiment, the unconnected state is one of an idle state and an inactive state, and the unconnected state is a state in which a connection between the first communication node and the second communication node is not established.

[0037] In an exemplary embodiment, the data packet includes information related to the identity of the first communication node, and is applied to location-based Internet of Things applications, such as asset tracking, logistics management, elderly / child / pet loss prevention, etc. In such application scenarios, obtaining and using location information usually requires prior permission from the user.

[0038] In an exemplary embodiment, the data packet does not include information related to the identity of the first communication node and is applied to a location-based environment sensing application, in which it is only necessary to know the channel through which the electromagnetic signal transmitted from a certain location reached the base station and does not need to know which device the electromagnetic signal was transmitted from. The fact that the data packet does not include information related to the identity of the first communication node has an important advantage of avoiding privacy or ethical issues. Conversely, if the data packet further includes information related to the identity of the first communication node, a series of privacy or ethical issues will arise. Most private user terminals do not want to let others know where they are, so they may resist the request to "transmit received cell identifier / base station identifier / beam identifier / wireless signal access point identifier and its strength information". These resistances will significantly reduce the number of terminals that can provide location information, and ultimately degrade the performance of related means that rely on "location and corresponding wireless channel information". Therefore, in this embodiment, in order to avoid privacy or ethical issues due to the transmission of location information from a terminal and to alleviate user concerns, the number of terminals that can provide location information is significantly increased, thereby improving the performance of various solutions based on "location and corresponding radio channel information."

[0039] FIG. 4 is a flowchart of an information transmission method according to another embodiment of the present invention, the method is applied to a second communication node, and as shown in FIG. 4, the method includes the following step S402.

[0040] In step S402, a data packet transmitted by a first communication node in an unconnected state is received on a common channel, the data packet including at least one of the following information: a cell identifier received by the first communication node, a base station identifier received by the first communication node, a beam identifier received by the first communication node, and a radio signal access point identifier received by the first communication node, and the second communication node is a base station or an access point.

[0041] Before step S402 in this embodiment, the method further includes the step of sending broadcast signaling to the first communication node, the broadcast signaling indicating the location of the common channel.

[0042] According to the above steps, the first communication node can directly transmit related information data in a non-connected state, and does not need to transmit after becoming connected or active, thereby simplifying the process of transmitting related information by the first communication node as much as possible. Therefore, the problem of needing to reduce power consumption due to transmission of related information from a terminal in the related art can be solved, and the performance of the related means based on "location information from a terminal and corresponding wireless channel information" can be improved.

[0043] From the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods according to the above embodiments can be realized by combining software with a required general-purpose hardware platform, and of course can be realized by hardware, and in many cases, the former is a preferred embodiment. Based on this understanding, the substance of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention or a part of the contribution to the prior art is embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium (e.g., a read-only memory / random access memory (ROM / RAM), a magnetic disk, an optical disk) and includes several instructions for causing a terminal device (which may be a mobile phone, a computer, a server, a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in each embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] In this embodiment, an information transmission device is further provided, which is used to realize the above embodiment and preferred embodiment, and has already been described, so that the description will not be repeated. The term "module" used below can realize a combination of software and / or hardware of a certain function. The device described in the following embodiment is preferably realized in software, but may also be realized in hardware or a combination of software and hardware.

[0045] FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an information transmission device according to an embodiment of the present invention, the device is applied to a first communication node, and as shown in FIG. 5, the device includes a first transmitting module 11 and a first receiving module 12.

[0046] The first transmitting module 11 is configured to transmit a data packet to a second communication node on a pre-configured common channel when the first communication node is in a disconnected state, the data packet including at least one of the following information: a cell identifier received by the first communication node, a base station identifier received by the first communication node, a beam identifier received by the first communication node, and a wireless signal access point identifier received by the first communication node.

[0047] The first receiving module 12 is configured to receive broadcast signaling transmitted by said second communication node and indicating the location of said common channel.

[0048] FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an information transmission device according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 6, the device includes a first receiving module 21 and a first transmitting module 22. As shown in FIG.

[0049] The first receiving module 21 is configured to receive, on a common channel, data packets transmitted by a first communication node in an unconnected state.

[0050] A first transmission module 22 is configured to transmit broadcast signaling indicating time-frequency resources of said common channel to said first communication node.

[0051] Each of the above modules can be realized by software or hardware. In the latter case, the modules can be realized in a manner in which all of the above modules are located on the same processor, or in a manner in which each of the above modules is located on different processors in any combination, but is not limited to these.

[0052] In order to facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, the following detailed description will be given in conjunction with specific scenarios.

[0053] Conventional uplink information transmission or uplink data transmission requires that the terminal is in a connected state (connected state or RRC connected state) first. However, even a terminal in a connected state usually does not have a dedicated uplink transmission resource, so that the terminal in the connected state needs to request an uplink transmission resource from the base station every time it transmits data, and transmits information on the time-frequency resource designated by the base station after obtaining an uplink resource grant or resource scheduling from the base station. As can be seen, the terminal needs to complete many operations in advance to complete one conventional uplink data transmission. If the terminal is required to transmit the received cell identifier / base station identifier / beam identifier / wireless signal access point identifier and its strength information using the conventional uplink data transmission mechanism, it will significantly increase the power consumption of the terminal and also increase the signaling overhead of the system. A more specific analysis is as follows.

[0054] (1) The frequency with which the terminal transmits these identifiers and their strength information in order to save power is very low, and is usually once every few seconds, tens of seconds, or even several minutes. If there is no need for transmission and no other services, the terminal is usually in a deep sleep idle state or inactive state in order to save power, that is, the terminal does not usually enter a connected state (i.e., is not in a connected state) in order to save power. Since the terminal needs to perform some operations to access or maintain a connected state, both of these operations increase the power consumption of the terminal, and a terminal in a non-connected state, i.e., an idle state or an inactive state, does not need these operations and can therefore save power. That is, when a terminal does not need to transmit and has no other services, it is usually disconnected from the system, i.e., in an unconnected state. When the terminal is originally in an unconnected state, if a conventional uplink data transmission method is used, in order to transmit these identifiers and their strength information, the terminal must establish a connection with the system before transmission. After entering the connected state (also called the active state), the terminal can further request uplink transmission resources from the system (e.g., a base station or an access point). Only after obtaining a resource grant from the system can the terminal perform true information transmission.

[0055] In this embodiment, expressions such as Non Connected state, Non RRC Connected state, Connectionless state, Connection-free state, or Disconnected state all refer to non-connection, and the commonly used expressions Idle state or Inactive state in related standards or documents are equivalent to the non-connected state in each embodiment of the present invention, or the Idle state or Inactive state is also a non-connected state.

[0056] (2) A random access process is required for the terminal to enter a connected state from a non-connected state, and this random access process requires the terminal and the base station to perform multiple interaction processes, including the terminal sending a preamble, the base station sending a random access response (RAR), the terminal sending L2 / L3 control information, and the base station sending a message 4, which significantly increases the power consumption of the terminal's location information transmission each time. In addition, when using a conventional uplink data transmission method, if there are a large number of terminals that need to transmit the received identifier information, a large number of terminals need to enter a connected state before transmitting the received identifier information, which means that a large number of terminals will perform random access and then request an uplink resource grant, but due to the large number of terminals, there is a very high probability of collision or blocking in the random access process itself, and many terminals will need to make multiple access attempts until they are successful, and finally, the energy consumed by the terminal to complete the information transmission task will be further significantly increased. This is naturally unacceptable.

[0057] (3) Conventional uplink data transmission also has a semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) scheme, the purpose of which is to reduce the physical control signaling overhead and delay of small data packet services, which is well suited for periodic services, such as Voice-over-Internet Protocol (VoIP). VoIP has a nearly constant data rate during talk spurts, generating one voice packet every 20 ms. The duration of each talk spurt is an average of 1-2 s, containing 50-100 voice packets, during which small-scale fading is compensated by closed-loop power control to ensure that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the receiving signal is nearly constant. Therefore, no dynamic signaling is required, since the modulation coding scheme (MCS) in this period is unchanged, and the allocated physical resources are unchanged or jump according to a certain rule. SPS can be regarded as an enhanced form of semi-static configuration, and is mainly used for small data packet services that are periodic and have a constant packet size. SPS generally operates in a connected state (RRC Connected), that is, the terminal has already completed the initial access process. The frequency of scheduling is much lower than the frequency of data packet arrival, but it is basically non-contention, and there is no resource collision, such as reference signal / pilot collision, between different users. In the 5G system, the evolved SPS is used in the scenario of low-delay high reliability (URLLC), which can ensure high reliability while reducing the delay of the user plane. The SPS at this time is called Configured Grant, that is, a pre-configured resource grant. The Configured Grant is also a special grant-free or scheduling-free method, which can avoid the "dynamic grant request" or "dynamic scheduling request" for each data transmission, and is essentially "dynamic grant-free" or "dynamic scheduling-free".It should be noted that for such SPS-style "dynamic scheduling free", the transmission resources of different users are essentially preset by the base station, and are not acquired by users through "contention", so it can be said to be "non-contention". Most importantly, for such non-contention type scheduling free, the reference signals are usually pre-configured by the base station to avoid "collision", for example, the base station can pre-configure to ensure that the reference signals of users transmitted on the same time-frequency resource are orthogonal.

[0058] Although pre-configured scheduling free, such as SPS or configured grant, can reduce the overhead of physical control signaling of uplink transmission, if a large number of users use the SPS scheme to realize reports on cell identifiers / base station identifiers / beam identifiers / wireless signal access point identifiers and their strength information, the spectral efficiency of the system is still low. This is because a terminal requests periodic transmission resources for a certain period in one cell, but if the terminal performs handover in this process, it needs to request new pre-configured transmission resources from the entering cell and notify the leaving cell to release its pre-configured resources. It is a complicated process for the terminal to request transmission resources again from the newly entering cell, which significantly increases the power consumption of the terminal. In the scenario of transmitting the received cell identifiers / base station identifiers / beam identifiers / wireless signal access point identifiers and their strength information, it is preferable that the terminal transmits information less frequently, i.e., at long time intervals, in order to save power. In order to improve efficiency, the interval of pre-configured resources is usually long, which means that the adverse effects of handover are significantly increased, the spectral efficiency of the system is significantly reduced, and the complexity of the system is increased. Even though different terminals or nodes are fixed, within a long time, the surrounding environment of the terminals or nodes will easily change, which will cause handover, especially the handover of the terminals or nodes located at the edge of the cell.

[0059] As can be seen from the above analysis, although the SPS pre-configuration mechanism can realize grant-free transmission or scheduling-free transmission, it is not suitable for the scene where a large number of terminals transmit their received cell identifiers / base station identifiers / beam identifiers / wireless signal access point identifiers and their strength information.

[0060] Therefore, in order for the terminal to transmit such information as power-saving as possible and to save the signaling overhead of the system, it is preferable that the terminal is always in a non-connected state, i.e., RRC idle state or inactive state, when there is no transmission task, and thus the terminal can be in deep sleep and turn off all circuits related to transmission. When it is necessary to transmit information, the terminal in the non-connected state / RRC idle state / inactive state does not need to establish a connection with the system in advance, does not need to request the base station or access node to allocate resources for uplink transmission, i.e., does not need to obtain grant and scheduling of uplink transmission resources, and autonomously starts transmitting information directly. Since the terminal completes transmission in a non-connected state, after the transmission is completed, the terminal does not need to perform a disconnection operation and can immediately enter a non-connected state or idle state (deep sleep state) close to shutdown. In this way, a very simplified information transmission in a non-connected state can be realized, and the spectral efficiency of the system can be extremely high and the power consumption of the terminal can be extremely low.

[0061] This means that the terminal can autonomously decide when to transmit the cell identifier / base station identifier / beam identifier / wireless signal access point identifier and its strength information that it has received, and then directly transmit the information, without the need to notify the base station or system before transmission, and without the need to request transmission resources from the base station. That is, the base station or system does not need to allocate dedicated time-frequency resources for each terminal's related information transmission, or to allocate different time-frequency resources for each terminal's related information transmission. The base station or system only needs to set up one common channel, for example, by broadcast information to set up such one common channel and notify all terminals to transmit information on this common channel. However, since the terminal autonomously starts transmission, the base station cannot control or care which terminals are present in each transmission, and how many terminals are present, and the base station can obtain the location information of each terminal by simply decoding the transmission information of each terminal from the received signal by multi-user detection, and further the base station can estimate the wireless channel of each user from the received signal, and thus obtain each location information and its corresponding wireless channel information.

[0062] Of course, the disadvantages of such non-connected location information transmission are also significant. A base station may receive data packets autonomously transmitted by many different terminals in the same time-frequency resource. The transmission of these data packets is, so to speak, contention-based, so resources may collide. Especially in the scene of a large number of terminals, the user load may be very high and the collision may be very serious, so separating these data packets is a big challenge for the base station.

[0063] In order to improve the demodulation performance of the location information at the user load, the symbols after the location information is coded and modulated can be transmitted by a symbol extension technique, that is, each modulation symbol is extended by an extension sequence of length L to generate L symbols, and if the n-th modulation symbol is sn and the extension sequence of length L is [c1, c2, ... cL], the n-th modulation symbol is extended by this extension sequence of length L to become L symbols, sn*c1, sn*c2, ... sn*cL. In a transmission in which the symbol extension technique is not originally applied, if the transmission information has a total of N modulation symbols, when the symbol extension technique is used and the extension sequence has a length of L, the transmission information becomes N*L. In this way, it is possible to provide multi-user separation capability in the code domain. In addition, when each symbol is symbol extended and the extended symbols are transmitted in the frequency domain, the modulation symbols can obtain a higher diversity effect. In a scenario where the transmission power is limited, when the extended symbols are transmitted in the time domain, each modulation symbol may have L times the energy storage, and the signal-to-noise ratio can be improved by L times.

[0064] Wireless communication usually requires inserting pilots into a transmission signal or a transmitted data packet, so that a receiver can first estimate the channel and time-frequency offset through which the transmission signal or data packet passes, and then realize demodulation of data symbols in the data packet. The pilots included in the transmission signal or the transmitted data packet may be called pilot signals, reference signals (RS), or demodulation reference signals (DMRS), and formally, a pilot is usually a sequence or a string of symbols, so it is also called a pilot sequence.

[0065] In the unconnected state, the terminal is not in the connected state and cannot obtain the pilot designated by the base station or the access point, so that the pilot used in transmitting the data packet or the pilot transmitted with the data packet needs to be autonomously selected or generated by the terminal. Here, selecting a pilot refers to the terminal selecting a pilot from one preset pilot set, and generating a pilot refers to the terminal generating a pilot according to a preset rule or formula, and all the pilots generated according to the preset rule or formula here also constitute one preset pilot set, so in this sense, generating a pilot according to a preset rule or formula is equivalent to selecting a pilot from one preset pilot set, and both are equivalent, and the following will take selecting a pilot from one preset pilot set as an example. As can be seen from the above, autonomously selecting a pilot refers to the terminal itself determining how to select a pilot from a preset pilot set without needing a signaling instruction or configuration by the base station or the access point, and only in this way can it determine the pilot to be transmitted without connection. When the pilot required for the terminal's transmission is indicated or configured by the base station, the terminal must first obtain the signaling indicating the pilot sent from the base station before transmitting, and therefore, in order to transmit a data packet, the terminal must first establish a connection with the base station, which requires a series of processes to establish a connection, and all the problems of transmission in a conventional connection exist. Therefore, the terminal transmits a data packet (including the cell identifier / base station identifier / beam identifier / wireless signal access point identifier and its strength received by the terminal) to the base station or access point in a non-connected state, and the pilot included in the transmission is necessarily selected autonomously by the terminal, that is, determined autonomously by the terminal.

[0066] However, the autonomous selection of the terminals does not have a central node that uniformly arranges pilots used for different terminals, so that different terminals may autonomously select pilots from a preset pilot set with a limited number of pilots, and may select the same pilot, which is the so-called pilot collision problem. In an overloaded scene, i.e., a scene with many access terminals, the probability of pilot collision is very high. When pilots of different terminals collide, it is difficult for the base station to demodulate the data packets of these terminals by the pilots. Therefore, if pilot collision is not properly handled, the performance of transmission in a non-connected state will be seriously deteriorated. The more specific technical reasons why the pilot collision probability is high when transmission in a non-connected state is realized using a conventional pilot scheme are as follows: Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a conventional pilot scheme, and the pilot or reference signal in Figure 7 may be a preamble or a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), and the position of the pilot may be before the data or in the middle of the data. The conventional pilot scheme is as follows: It may be considered that each transmission contains only one or one type of pilot or reference signal, and the one or one type here has the obvious feature that the pilot consists of one sequence or consists of multiple associated sequences. For example, take the preamble as an example, the transmission may contain one preamble sequence or multiple associated preamble sequences, for example, the transmission may contain two preambles [P1, P2], which are simply repeated preamble sequence P, i.e. P1=P2=P, and such a preamble scheme is used for time-frequency offset estimation; Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 8, a transmission may include two preambles [P1, P2], where [P1, P2] are a single preamble sequence P repeated with Orthogonal Cover Code (OCC) weighting, i.e., P1=P, P2=P, or P1=P, P2=-P, and the terminal randomly selects the preamble sequence P and the OCC code.

[0067] Alternatively, a transmission may include two preambles [P1, P2], where [P1, P2] are one preamble sequence P repeated with other weighting, i.e., P1=αP, P2=βP, where α, β are weighting values. For example, the above OCC weighting is a special case of [α, β]=[1, 1] or [1, -1], and such a preamble scheme can further increase the number of preambles, but may damage the orthogonality of the preambles.

[0068] Similarly, taking the DMRS as an example, a transmission may include one DMRS or multiple associated DMRSs.

[0069] For example, it may include two DMRSs [P1, P2], where the two DMRSs are simply repeated from one DMRS sequence, i.e., P1=P2=P, Alternatively, the two DMRSs may be one DMRS sequence repeated with OCC weighting, i.e. P1=P2=P, or P1=P, P2=-P; Alternatively, the two DMRSs may consist of one DMRS sequence repeated with the weighting of the other, i.e., P1=αP, P2=βP, where α, β are weighting values, e.g., OCC weighting is [α,β]=[1,1] or [1,-1].

[0070] In some schemes, when the preamble and the DMRS coexist, the preamble and the DMRS may have the above characteristics respectively. Furthermore, the preamble and the DMRS are associated, and usually, the preamble is determined and the corresponding DMRS is determined.

[0071] Because pilot overhead is limited, the number of pilots (N) included in a pilot set is usually not very large, for example, N = 64. In conventional methods, pilot / reference signals are usually one or one type, and in a non-connected transmission scene, when there are many terminals that transmit simultaneously, the collision occurrence probability is high, for example, when N = 64, the pilot collision probability of any two terminals is 1 / 64, and when there are many terminals that transmit simultaneously, the collision probability is much greater than 1 / 64.

[0072] 9 is a schematic diagram of a pilot configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention, in this embodiment, a terminal transmits a data packet to a base station or an access point in an unconnected state. A pilot used to transmit a data packet or a pilot transmitted together with a data packet includes two or more pilots, and the pilots are independent / unrelated / unrelated between each other, or a pilot signal transmitted at one time is composed of two or more pilot sequences that are independent / unrelated / unrelated.

[0073] In addition, the data packet transmitted with multiple pilots includes information for generating or obtaining the multiple pilots, such as the index numbers of these pilots in the pilot set, or the initial state of generating pilots, etc. In this way, when a data packet of a terminal is successfully decoded, the information of all pilots used in this transmission of the terminal can be known, and all pilots can be reconstructed, and interference cancellation of pilot signals can be performed. Example 1 FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a pilot configuration according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 10, P1 and P2 are both selected from a pilot set Z, which includes N pilot sequences. P1 and P2 selected by a terminal from Z are independent / unrelated / unrelated. Specifically, N=2 m If Z = 1, then one needs m bits to determine a sequence from Z, i.e., one can select a sequence from Z by using the m bits as an index. Thus, the terminal needs m bits to select P1 from Z and another m bits to select P2. The m bits needed to select P1 and the m bits needed to select P2 are independent.

[0074] In a specific implementation, P1 and P2 can be determined respectively by two sets of bits (m bits per set) in the data packet. In this way, when a data packet of a terminal is correctly decoded, the receiver can know the P1 and P2 used by this terminal, and can perform interference cancellation of the pilot signal.

[0075] For example, when N=64 and m=6, the terminal can determine P1 by certain 6 bits in the data packet, and determine P2 by another 6 bits in the data packet, and determine P1 and P2 by 2m=12 bits of the data packet, respectively, and there is no need to add information indicating a preamble sequence to the data packet, saving overhead. Alternatively, the terminal may determine P1 by some bits in the data packet generating 6 bits according to a certain rule or generating a value [1,64], i.e., an integer within the range of 1 to 64, or may determine P2 by some bits in the data packet generating 6 bits according to a certain rule or generating a value [1,64], i.e., an integer within the range of 1 to 64.

[0076] In this embodiment, P1 and P2 may be generated by an additional 2m bits, but these additional 2m bits must also be included in the data, which results in an increase in the data by the additional 2m bits, reducing the transmission efficiency.

[0077] Alternatively, as shown in Fig. 10, the system defines a sequence generation method for generating N preamble sequences, and the N preamble sequences are generated by one ZC sequence generation formula, specifically, the N sequences are generated by setting two variables, a "root" value and a "cyclic shift" value in the ZC sequence formula. In this way, the "cyclic shift" for generating P1 is independent of the "cyclic shift" for generating P2, or the "root" and "cyclic shift" for generating P1 are independent of the "root" and "cyclic shift" for generating P2.

[0078] Alternatively, as shown in Fig. 10, the system defines a sequence generation method for generating N preamble sequences, and the N preamble sequences are generated by one shift register sequencer, for example, one Maximum Length Shift Register (MLSR) sequencer, and specifically, the N sequences are generated by setting different "initial states" of the shift register sequencer. Then, the "initial states" of P1 and P2 are independent. Example 2 Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a preamble sequence generation method according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 11, the system defines a sequence generation method for generating N1 preamble sequences and another sequence generation method for generating N2 preamble sequences, P1 and P2 are generated by the two different sequence generation methods respectively, and the generation of P1 and P2 is independent.

[0079] For example, the system defines a sequence generation method for generating N1 preamble sequences, where the N1 preamble sequences are generated by one ZC sequence formula, formula 1, and the system defines a sequence generation method for generating N2 preamble sequences, where the N2 preamble sequences are generated by another ZC sequence formula, formula 2. Specifically, when different sequences are generated by setting two variables, namely, "root" and "cyclic shift", different in the ZC sequence formula, the "cyclic shifts" of P1 and P2 are independent, or the "root" and "cyclic shift" of P1 and P2 are independent.

[0080] Also, for example, the system defines a sequence generation method for generating N1 preamble sequences, and the N1 preamble sequences are generated by a shift register sequencer 1, and the system defines a sequence generation method for generating N2 preamble sequences, and the N2 preamble sequences are generated by a shift register sequencer 2. Specifically, when different sequences are generated by setting different "initial states" of the shift register sequencers, the "initial states" of P1 and P2 are independent.

[0081] Also, for example, the system defines sequence set 1 including N1 preamble sequences and sequence set 2 including N2 preamble sequences. P1 is selected from sequence set 1, and P2 is selected from sequence set 2. Index value 1 that selects P1 from sequence set 1 and index value 2 that selects P2 from sequence set 2 are independent.

[0082] In this embodiment, the length of the pilots in sequence set 1 including N1 preamble sequences may be the same as or different from the length of the pilots in sequence set 2 including N2 preamble sequences. Example 3 The terminal transmits a data packet to a base station or an access point in an unconnected state, and specifically, one transmission includes W pilots, which are independent / uncorrelated / unrelated to each other. Here, the W pilots are: W LTE standard defined PRACH preamble sequences, W NR standard-defined PRACH preamble sequences, W LTE standard-defined DMRS sequences, W NR standard-defined DMRS sequences, W maximum length shift register (MLSR) sequences, W Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) sequences, and It may be one of the W Walsh-Hadamard sequences.

[0083] W unrelated / independently generated sequences are used as preambles, and the probability of collision at the same time is low. Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention in which unrelated / independently generated sequences are used as preambles. As shown in Figure 12, W=2, and terminal 1 and terminal 2 both select z3 as the first preamble sequence P1, that is, P1 collides, but the second preamble sequence P2 is different, z7 and z5 respectively, and the receiver can use the non-colliding second preamble sequence to perform channel estimation, and further demodulate the data packets of terminal 1 and terminal 2.

[0084] Independent multi-pilot technology means that one transmission contains two or more pilots, and the pilots are independent / unrelated / unrelated to each other. Thus, with the same pilot overhead, the probability of independent multi-pilots of different terminals colliding at the same time is much smaller than that of traditional single pilot. The base station uses a receiver based on iteration to decode the data packets of the corresponding terminals by non-colliding pilots in each round, and then reconstructs and removes the data and pilots from the received signal, thus repeating until all decodable terminal data packets are decoded. Since the probability of independent multi-pilots colliding at the same time is much smaller than that of traditional single pilot, the independent multi-pilot transmission scheme can support high terminal load in the case of non-connection transmission. Example 4 On the one hand, in order to reduce the collision of pilots, it is necessary to define as many pilots as possible, that is, the number of pilots in the pilot set should be as large as possible, and increasing the number of pilots means that the overhead occupied by pilots should also be increased. On the other hand, it is necessary to perform channel estimation and time offset / frequency offset estimation based on pilots, so as to complete the associated demodulation of data symbols, each reference signal must occupy sufficient resources, and there must be a reference signal in the entire transmission band and transmission time, or each reference signal must have a certain density, and cannot be too sparse in the entire transmission band and transmission time, so that the wireless multipath channel (i.e., frequency selective channel) in the entire transmission band and the frequency offset in the transmission time can be estimated. Therefore, in order to ensure the performance of disconnected transmission, if the traditional pilot scheme is used, the overhead occupied by pilots will increase by two times, and the detection complexity will also increase significantly.

[0085] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a demodulation reference signal port set. As shown in FIG. 13, the demodulation reference signal (DMRS) set is a DMRS set defined in the 3GPP (registered trademark) New Radio standard protocol, and includes 12 reference signals. In the standard protocol, one demodulation reference signal is usually also called one demodulation reference signal port (DMRS port).

[0086] FIG. 13(a) is a diagram showing one physical resource block defined by 3GPP NR according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 13(a), the physical resource block includes 14 OFDM (or DFT-S-OFDM or SC-FDMA) symbols in the time domain and 12 subcarriers in the frequency domain. Each sub-grid is one subcarrier of one OFDM (or DFT-S-OFDM or SC-FDMA) symbol, and is usually also called one resource element (RE), and one physical resource block (PRB) shown in FIG. 13(a) includes a total of 12*14=168 resource elements (RE). Such a DMRS uses the first two OFDM symbols to carry a demodulation reference signal, that is, the first two OFDM symbols are the DMRS region, that is, the resource overhead occupied by the DMRS is 1 / 7.

[0087] From the position of the occupied resource elements RE, the DMRS is divided into three groups, and as shown in FIG. 13(b), the non-zero symbols (or non-zero signals, desired signals, etc.) of the first group of DMRS are carried by blue REs, the non-zero symbols of the demodulation reference signals (DMRS) of the second group are carried by yellow resource elements REs, and the non-zero symbols of the demodulation reference signals (DMRS) of the third group are carried by red resource elements (REs). Each demodulation reference signal has a value of 0 or no signal in the white resource elements (REs). As can be seen, for each demodulation reference signal, not all resource elements (REs) in the demodulation reference signal area have a signal. However, for a certain terminal, when a certain reference signal / a certain reference signal port is used, even if this reference signal port has no signal in some REs of the reference signal (DMRS) area, this terminal usually cannot transmit data by these REs. From this perspective, the resource overhead occupied by one reference signal / one reference signal port is also 1 / 7.

[0088] The non-zero symbols of the demodulation reference signals of each group are carried on the same resource element (RE), and different reference signals can be distinguished only by different values ​​of the non-zero symbols. In 3GPP New Radio, different reference signal ports are usually distinguished by time domain OCC and frequency domain OCC. As shown in FIG. 13(c), the four demodulation reference signal ports are distinguished by using a length-2 OCC code [1,1] / [1,-1] in the time domain and a length-2 OCC code [1,1] / [1,-1] in the frequency domain in combination. The same is true for the four reference signals occupying the yellow and red resource elements (RE). In this way, 12 demodulation reference signals of such a DMRS set defined in 3GPP New Radio, i.e., 12 demodulation reference signal ports, can be obtained.

[0089] For ease of explanation, in this embodiment, a reference signal carried on several adjacent REs in the time domain and frequency domain is called one reference signal element (Resource Signal Element, RSE), for example, in Fig. 13, a reference signal carried on four consecutive REs in the time-frequency domain is called an RSE, and as shown in Fig. 13, a reference signal on one blue, yellow or red "cross-leadered square" is one reference signal element (RSE). From the perspective of channel estimation function, one reference signal element (RSE) has a feature that it is composed of adjacent resource elements in the time domain / frequency domain, and in addition, when channel estimation is performed using a reference signal, each reference signal element (RSE) can estimate one channel value.

[0090] According to this definition, the demodulation reference signal (DMRS) set defined in the 3GPP New Radio standard protocol as shown in Figure 13 can estimate channel values ​​at two locations within one PRB band (i.e., within a 12-subcarrier band) because each reference signal has two RSEs within one PRB band. The channel values ​​of the 12 subcarriers within one PRB band need to be obtained by interpolation using the estimated values ​​of these reference signal elements.

[0091] When one transmission includes M PRBs, the 12 demodulation reference signals (or 12 demodulation reference signal ports) of such a reference signal set are as shown in FIG. 14, where each reference signal has 2*M RSEs, and channel values ​​at 2*M equally spaced locations within the entire transmission band can be estimated, and then the channel values ​​of all 12*M subcarriers within the transmission band can be obtained by interpolation.

[0092] As can be seen, in order to estimate the channel of the entire transmission band of each access terminal, the resources occupied by the conventional demodulation reference signal (or pilot) are large, or the demodulation reference signal needs to have a certain density in the entire transmission band and cannot be too sparse. In Figures 13 and 14, the density of such a demodulation reference signal in the entire transmission band can be said to have two reference signals per PRB or two RSEs per PRB.

[0093] For the system, the overhead of the reference signal is 1 / 7, that is, the system can only design 12 demodulation reference signals using 1 / 7 of the resources. In data transmission in a non-connected transmission state, the collision probability of the reference signals autonomously selected by any two terminals is 1 / 12, which is still quite large. Therefore, the conventional demodulation reference signal greatly limits the number of terminals for data transmission in a non-connected transmission state.

[0094] If the reference signal needs to estimate a certain frequency offset, the resource occupied by each reference signal needs to be further increased, or the density of each reference signal in the transmission signal needs to be further increased. For example, to estimate the frequency offset, repeat once in the time domain. In this way, the resource occupied by the reference signal is doubled, that is, the overhead is 2 / 7. That is, the system uses 2 / 7 resources, but can only design 12 demodulation reference signals to estimate the frequency selective channel and frequency offset. Furthermore, if the system needs to estimate a certain timing offset, the resource occupied by the reference signal needs to be further increased, for example, 3 / 7 or 4 / 7 overhead needs to be used to design 12 demodulation reference signals. Such a large overhead results in only a small set of reference signals (or a small number of reference signal ports), which is the biggest problem of the scheduling free access method based on the conventional demodulation reference signal.

[0095] When the multipath channel changes faster in the frequency domain (i.e., the frequency selection characteristic becomes more obvious), in order to ensure the accuracy of channel estimation, the density of the demodulation reference signal in the frequency domain needs to increase, i.e., we need a demodulation reference signal with a larger density in the frequency domain, and each demodulation reference signal has three reference signal elements in each PRB band, thus, there are three estimates in each PRB, and there are 3*M estimates in M ​​PRBs, and then obtain the channels of all subcarriers of M PRBs by linear interpolation. Such a reference signal still occupies 1 / 7 overhead of the transmission resource, but is divided into only eight demodulation reference signals, which is less than those defined in the above 3GPP New Radio standard protocol. Thus, the channel estimation ability is usually inversely proportional to the number of reference signals.

[0096] The root of the problem that traditional reference signal faces when applied to non-connected transmission scenario is that the task of reference signal is too heavy, and reference signal not only needs to estimate the frequency selective channel and time-frequency offset of the entire transmission channel, but also needs to perform terminal user identification, so that the reference signal needs to occupy a lot of time-frequency resources to complete such heavy tasks. This makes the number of reference signals in a certain resource significantly insufficient. The number of terminals that can be supported by non-connected transmission is limited by the number of reference signals.

[0097] In the scenario of non-connection transmission or scheduling-free transmission, the reference signal is also selected autonomously by the user, so different users may select the same reference signal, that is, the reference signal will collide. During overload, the probability of reference signal collision is very high. When the reference signal collides, it is difficult for the base station to separate two users by the reference signal. In order to reduce the collision and contamination of the reference signal, and at the same time, the channel and time-frequency offset need to be estimated, so the reference signal needs to be doubled, the sequence is doubled in length, the overhead is doubled, and the detection complexity increases quadratically.

[0098] In this embodiment, in order to greatly reduce the task of reference signals, the resources occupied by each reference signal can be minimized, or each reference signal can be made the most sparse, thus maximizing the number of reference signals, and finally, the non-connected transmission scene can support more terminals.

[0099] Specifically, in this embodiment, the channel estimation technique is based on data, not on a reference signal, and the channel of the entire transmission band is estimated and the time-frequency offset is estimated based on the characteristics of the data itself, for example, the geometric characteristics of the constellation of the data symbol. That is, there is no need to estimate the channel and the time-frequency offset of the entire transmission band by the reference signal. For the sake of simplicity, the channel estimation is taken as an example, and FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of the change in the constellation of the BPSK symbol according to the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 15, the BPSK symbol transmitted by the terminal is as shown in FIG. 15(a). After the BPSK symbol passes through the wireless channel and the wireless receiver and reaches the base station side, instead of the standard BPSK constellation of FIG. 15(a), one weighting coefficient is added by the wireless channel, that is, a scaling change is added to the rotation, and the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) of the receiver is further added, and finally, it becomes the distribution point as shown in FIG. 15(b), and each distribution point corresponds to one received symbol. As shown in FIG. 15(c), the constellation of a low-order modulation signal such as BPSK after its rotational scaling (i.e., weighted by the channel) still has strong geometric characteristics, so channel estimation and equalization can utilize the geometric characteristics of such a constellation to estimate the rotational scaling amount, and further, the constellation can be reverse-rotated to return, thus completing the equalization. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 15(b), it can be seen that the distribution points corresponding to the symbol received by the base station are two separated distribution point groups, and the base station can obtain two distribution point centers by simply adding the circular distribution points and the triangular distribution points respectively, and then rotate the distribution point center corresponding to the triangular distribution point by 180° and add it to the distribution point center corresponding to the circular distribution point, and can obtain the rotational scaling amount, which is the channel weighting of the final BPSK symbol.

[0100] Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the task of pilot or reference signals is much smaller than that of the conventional scheme, and the resources occupied by each reference signal are also less than that of the conventional scheme, so that with a certain overhead, the number of reference signals in this embodiment is much larger than that of the conventional scheme.

[0101] In addition, when a base station has multiple receive antennas, say R receive antennas, it can theoretically provide strong spatial domain capability to improve the access performance of multiple terminals. To obtain this spatial domain capability, an embodiment of the present invention uses a "highly sparse" reference signal to estimate the spatial domain channel h of each access terminal. k =[h k1 , h k2 , …h kR ] t Here, t is the transpose operator. Then, these estimated spatial domain channels are used to perform spatial domain integration on the received signal. Specifically, when spatial domain integration is performed on the signal of terminal k, s k =h k '*y, where y=[y k1 , y k2 , …y kR ] t are the received signals of R receive antennas, and h k ' is h k Then, the receiver receives the spatial domain integrated data symbol s k Then, the channel and time-frequency offset of the entire transmission band through which the signal of the terminal k has passed are estimated using the k Then, the channel and time-frequency offsets are compensated for, and finally, the channel- and time-frequency offset-compensated data symbols are demodulated and decoded.

[0102] In this embodiment, the reference signal does not need to estimate the channel in the entire transmission band, and does not need to estimate its time-frequency offset. Therefore, the reference signal according to this embodiment is very sparse. FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a sparse pilot according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 16, one transmission includes time-frequency resources of M PRBs, and one physical resource block (PRB) includes 14 OFDM (or DFT-S-OFDM or SC-FDMA) symbols in the time domain and 12 subcarriers in the frequency domain. 1 / 14 resources are used to transmit the reference signal, that is, 12*M resource elements (REs) are used to transmit the reference signal. However, each reference signal defined by the system has a non-zero symbol (non-zero signal, or desired signal) in only one RE resource element, and the remaining fields have no signal (or the other fields have a value of 0). In this way, the reference signal area occupying 1 / 14 overhead is divided into a total of 12*M reference signals. Specifically, when six PRBs are included, the reference signal area occupying 1 / 14 overhead is divided into 6*12=72 reference signals, which is much larger than 8 or 12 in the NR system (such reference signals occupy 1 / 7 overhead of the transmission resource). FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a reference signal distribution according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 17, each reference signal defined by the system has a non-zero symbol (non-zero signal, or desired signal) in only two RE resource elements, and is divided into two reference signals by an OCC of length 2 every two REs, and the remaining parts have no signal (or the other parts have a value of 0). In this way, the reference signal area occupying 1 / 14 overhead is also divided into a total of 12*M reference signals. Specifically, when six PRBs are included, the reference signal area occupying 1 / 14 overhead is divided into 6*12=72 reference signals, which is much larger than 8 or 12 in the NR system.

[0103] Sparse pilots actually mean that each pilot in a pilot set has few non-zero elements, for example, only 1 to 4 non-zero elements, and thus the number of pilots can be significantly increased and the probability of pilot collision can be significantly reduced without increasing the overhead of pilot resources. The base station does not need to estimate all the information of the wireless channel from the sparse pilots, but estimates part of the information of the wireless channel from the sparse pilots. The base station further extracts channel information from the data symbols and uses these channel information to complete equalization for the data symbols.

[0104] FIG. 18 is an implementation schematic diagram of defining a reference signal according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 18(a), the reference signal defined by the system occupies two OFDM symbols. As shown in FIG. 18(b), each reference signal defined by the system has a non-zero symbol (non-zero signal or desired signal) in only one group of four adjacent RE resource elements, but four reference signals may multiplex one group of four adjacent REs. Four reference signals multiplexing four adjacent REs of the same group are distinguished by OCC codes. Thus, in the transmission of M PRBs, the reference signal area occupying 1 / 7 overhead is divided into a total of 24*M reference signals. Specifically, when including 6 PRBs, the reference signal area occupying 1 / 7 overhead is divided into 6*24=144 reference signals, which is much larger than 8 or 12 in the NR system. It is also explained that the number of extremely sparse pilots is proportional to the number of PRBs.

[0105] In this embodiment, such pilots are used only for spatial domain synthesis, but cannot be used for channel equalization, and can be considered as spatial domain synthesis reference signals.

[0106] In addition, although the extremely sparse reference signals shown in the correlation diagrams of the embodiments of the present disclosure are all located one or two symbols before the transmission resource, the present application does not limit the location of the extremely sparse reference signal, for example, the location of the extremely sparse reference signal may be located in the middle symbol of the transmission resource.

[0107] In this embodiment, the above-mentioned independent multi-pilot technology and the extremely sparse pilot technology are combined to further reduce the terminal pilot collision situation and further improve the terminal load.That is, the data packet transmission including the cell identifier / base station identifier / beam identifier / wireless signal access point identifier and its strength information received by the terminal includes W extremely sparse reference signals, and the data packet includes the information of these W extremely sparse reference signals.Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of a data packet including W extremely sparse reference signals according to an embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 19, the data packet includes the index number of W extremely sparse reference signals.In this way, when a data packet of a terminal is successfully decoded, the information of all extremely sparse pilots used in this transmission of this terminal can be known, and the interference of pilot signals can be removed. Example 5 In a cellular mobile communication network, a mobile phone terminal (i.e., a first communication node) is in a disconnected state and transmits a data packet to a base station (i.e., a second communication node) on a pre-established common channel, the data packet including identifiers of multiple cells searched by the mobile phone terminal through a cell search process.

[0108] Furthermore, if the base station is equipped with multiple antennas, the base station transmits signals by beams, in which case the mobile phone terminal also searches for the beams of the base station. Thus, the mobile phone terminal is in an unconnected state and transmits one data packet to the base station on a pre-established common channel, and this data packet may include an identifier of the base station beam seen by the mobile phone terminal.

[0109] In some scenarios, the terminal may be in other systems, in which case the terminal may obtain access point identifiers of these systems and then transmit data packets including these access point identifiers to the base station.

[0110] In this embodiment, when the terminal is in a wireless LAN, i.e., a WIFI system, the terminal can obtain an identifier of a wireless LAN router / WIFI router, for example, the MAC address of the router, and then the terminal can send a data packet including the WIFI router identifier to the base station.

[0111] In this embodiment, when a terminal is in a cell-free wireless communication system, the terminal can obtain a cell-free access point (AP) identifier, and then the terminal can transmit a data packet including the cell-free AP identifier to a base station.

[0112] In this embodiment, when a terminal is in a Bluetooth wireless communication system, the terminal can obtain an identifier of a Bluetooth access point device, and then the terminal can send a data packet including the Bluetooth device identifier to a base station.

[0113] Specifically, in this embodiment, the data packet is the strength of a radio signal corresponding to said cell identifier; the strength of the radio signal corresponding to the base station identifier; the intensity of the beam corresponding to the beam identifier; and The information further includes at least one of the following: a strength of a wireless signal corresponding to the wireless signal access point identifier.

[0114] Here, the signal strength may be a received signal strength indication (RSSI). FIG. 20 is a flowchart of an information transmission method according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 20, the method includes the following steps S2002, S2004 and S2006.

[0115] In step S2002, the terminal transmits the Cell-IDs it has seen and the strength information of the received signal corresponding to the Cell-IDs to the base station or access point.

[0116] Specifically, the terminal transmits one data packet, which includes the Cell-IDs seen by the terminal and received signal strength information corresponding to the Cell-IDs, but does not include any information related to the terminal's own identity or the terminal ID.

[0117] In step S2004, the terminal transmits the Beam-IDs it has seen and strength information of the received signals corresponding to those Beam-IDs to the base station or access point.

[0118] Specifically, the terminal transmits one data packet, which includes the Cell-IDs seen by the terminal and received signal strength information corresponding to the Cell-IDs, but does not include any information related to the terminal's own identity or the terminal ID.

[0119] In step S2006, the terminal transmits the Cell-ID and Beam-ID seen by the terminal itself, and strength information of the received signal corresponding to the Cell-ID and Beam-ID to the base station or access point.

[0120] Specifically, the terminal transmits one data packet, which includes the Cell-ID and Beam-ID seen by the terminal, and received signal strength information corresponding to the Cell-ID and Beam-ID, but does not include any information related to the terminal's own identity or the terminal ID.

[0121] In this embodiment, the process of the terminal transmitting related information is simplified as much as possible. That is, the terminal directly transmits Cell-ID and the strength information of the received signal corresponding to the Cell-ID, or Beam-ID and the strength information of the received signal corresponding to the Beam-ID, in the non-connected / idle state or in the inactive state. Since there is no need to transmit after the terminal becomes connected / active, the power consumption due to the transmission of location information from the terminal can be greatly reduced.

[0122] In an embodiment of the present invention, there is further provided a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, the computer program being configured, when executed, to perform the steps of any of the method embodiments described above.

[0123] In an exemplary embodiment, the computer-readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, various media capable of storing computer programs, such as a USB disk, a Read-Only Memory (abbreviated as ROM), a Random Access Memory (abbreviated as RAM), a mobile hard disk, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0124] In an embodiment of the present invention, there is further provided an electronic device comprising a memory having a computer program stored therein, and a processor configured to execute the computer program to perform the steps of any of the method embodiments described above.

[0125] In one exemplary embodiment, the electronic device may further include a transmission device coupled to the processor and an input / output device coupled to the processor.

[0126] For specific examples of this embodiment, reference can be made to the examples described in the above embodiments and exemplary embodiments, so repeated explanations of this embodiment will be omitted here.

[0127] Obviously, those skilled in the art should understand that each module or each step in the above-described embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in a general-purpose computing device, may be centralized in a single computing device, or may be distributed across a network of multiple computing devices, may be implemented in program code executable by a computing device, may be stored in a storage device and executed on a computing device, and may in some cases execute the steps illustrated or described in the specification in a different order than in the specification, or may be implemented by forming each of them into an integrated circuit module, or may implement multiple modules or steps among them into a single integrated circuit. Thus, the present invention is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.

[0128] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and changes to the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An information transmission method applied to a first communication node, comprising: A step of transmitting a data packet to a second communication node on a pre-established common channel by a first communication node in an unconnected state, the data packet comprising: a cell identifier received by the first communication node; a base station identifier received by the first communication node; a beam identifier received by the first communication node; and 13. A method of transmitting information comprising the step of including at least one of the information a wireless signal access point identifier received by said first communications node.

2. The wireless signal access point identifier is Cellular communication system access point identifier, Wireless LAN access point identifier, A wireless WAN access point identifier, and The method of claim 1 , including one of a Bluetooth access point identifier.

3. The data packet comprises: the strength of a radio signal corresponding to said cell identifier; the strength of the radio signal corresponding to the base station identifier; the intensity of the beam corresponding to the beam identifier; and The method of claim 1 , further comprising at least one of the following information: a strength of a wireless signal corresponding to the wireless signal access point identifier.

4. the cell identifiers are cell identifiers of a plurality of cells; the base station identifiers are base station identifiers of a plurality of base stations; the wireless signal access point identifier is a plurality of wireless signal access point identifiers; The method of claim 1 , wherein the beam identifier is an identifier for a plurality of beams.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cell identifier is part of cell total identifier information, the base station identifier is part of base station total identifier information, the wireless signal access point identifier is part of wireless signal access point total identifier information, and the beam identifier is part of beam total identifier information.

6. Before the first communication node transmits the data packet to the second communication node on a preset common channel, The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of: the first communication node receiving broadcast signaling transmitted by the second communication node and indicating a location of the common channel.

7. Prior to the step of the first communication node transmitting the data packet to the second communication node, extending the modulation symbols formed by the coding and modulation of the data packet by an extension sequence to obtain extended symbols; 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of: transmitting the extended symbols to the second communication node.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the extending sequence is determined by information in the data packet.

9. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the extension sequence is from a set containing V extension sequences, and the extension sequence is determined from the set of extension sequences by log2(V) bits in the data packet, where V is an integer greater than 1.

10. The step of transmitting the data packet to the second communication node comprises: determining W pilots; 2. The method of claim 1, comprising the step of: transmitting said data packet with said W pilots to a second communication node, where W is an integer greater than one.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the W pilots are independent.

12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the W pilots are determined by information in the data packet.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the W pilots are determined by a number of bits in the data packet.

14. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the W pilots are from a pilot set containing M pilots, each pilot determined from the pilot set by log2(M) bits in the data packet, where M is an integer greater than 1.

15. The method of claim 10 , wherein at least two of the W pilots are from different pilot sets.

16. The method of claim 10 , wherein at least two of the W pilots are of different lengths.

17. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein each pilot among the W pilots has only U symbols with nonzero values, where U is an integer greater than 0 and less than 5.

18. The method of claim 10 , wherein W is 2.

19. The step of transmitting the data packet to the second communication node comprises: determining a pilot, the pilot having only U symbols with non-zero values, U being an integer greater than 0 and less than 5; and transmitting said data packet together with said pilot to said second communication node.

20. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the unconnected state is one of an idle state and an inactive state, and the unconnected state is a state in which a connection between the first communication node and the second communication node is not established.

21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the data packet includes information regarding the identity of the first communication node.

22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the data packet does not include information regarding the identity of the first communication node.

23. An information transmission method applied to a second communication node, comprising: receiving, on a common channel, a data packet transmitted by a first communication node in an unconnected state, the data packet comprising: a cell identifier received by the first communication node; a base station identifier received by the first communication node; a beam identifier received by the first communication node; and 13. A method of transmitting information comprising the step of including at least one of the information a wireless signal access point identifier received by said first communications node.

24. before the second communication node receives the data packet on a common channel, 24. The method of claim 23, comprising the step of transmitting broadcast signaling to the first communication node indicating the location of the common channel.

25. An information transmission device applied to a first communication node, a first transmitting module configured to transmit a data packet to a second communication node on a pre-established common channel when the first communication node is in an unconnected state, the data packet comprising: a cell identifier received by the first communication node; a base station identifier received by the first communication node; a beam identifier received by the first communication node; and An information transmission device including a first transmitting module that includes at least one of the information of a wireless signal access point identifier received by said first communication node.

26. 26. The apparatus of claim 25, further comprising a first receiving module configured to receive broadcast signaling transmitted by the second communication node and indicating a location of the common channel.

27. An information transmission device applied to a second communication node, An information transmission device comprising a first receiving module configured to receive, on a common channel, a data packet transmitted by a first communication node in an unconnected state.

28. 30. The apparatus of claim 27, further comprising a first transmitting module configured to transmit broadcast signaling to the first communication node indicating a location of the common channel.

29. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the computer program being adapted to, when executed by a processor, perform the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 22 or to perform the steps of the method according to any one of claims 23 to 24.

30. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 22 when executing the computer program, or implementing the steps of the method according to any one of claims 23 to 24.

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