Transformable vertical photovoltaic system and method for installing such a system

Abstract

The present invention relates to a transformable vertical solar power system (100) having at least one solar cell (105) and a support (110) having an axis (A). - a first attachment means (115) called the "lower attachment means" for attaching the lower part of the module to a support, and - a second mounting means (120) called "upper mounting means" for mounting the upper part of the module to a support; Also has each means being free to translate at least along the axis of the strut and / or to rotate at least about an axis (B, C) perpendicular to the axis of the strut; At least one of the lower mounting means and the upper mounting means is free to translate at least along the axis of the post and the other mounting means is free to rotate at least about an axis perpendicular to the axis of the post.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a transformable vertical photovoltaic system and to a method for installing such a system.The present invention applies in particular to the field of energy production from renewable sources.

[0002] In the field of energy production from renewable sources, the use of photovoltaic systems is an effective measure to convert light energy into electrical energy. However, the installation of such systems requires taking into account certain constraints specific to the installation site. Such constraints can be mechanical and arise during the operation of the photovoltaic system. For example, exposure to wind subjects the photovoltaic system to significant dynamic mechanical stresses. Ultimately, such mechanical stresses can result in, for example, the following: - the formation of microcracks, often followed by irreversible degradation of the solar cells, even without any modification to the front or rear protective covers of the module; and / or -The protective glass on the front and back of the module is mechanically deteriorated.

[0003] This degradation of a module leads to a reduction in power generation, and in particular, if this degradation occurs in one module, it will cause a reduction in power generation in all other modules connected in series with the degraded module.

[0004] Furthermore, this degradation also leads to the appearance of "hot spots" in the damaged cells of the modules. Such hot spots accelerate the degradation of the modules, in particular by damaging the outer protective layer of the module, which can lead to, for example, current leakage, which poses a serious risk to the safety of the installation. In such cases, the installation must be shut down locally or totally in order to replace the degraded modules. Premature degradation of photovoltaic systems therefore occurs when such systems are exposed to dynamic mechanical stresses.

[0005] Prior art solutions describe adding additional material to the photovoltaic system to strengthen and stiffen the support structure.

[0006] However, such solutions increase the manufacturing costs of the support structures and have negative environmental impacts, thus increasing the environmental impact of the life cycle of such structures. Furthermore, the addition of such materials may increase the likelihood of shading the photovoltaic modules, which may have a negative impact on electricity production. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] The object of the present invention is to remedy all or some of these drawbacks. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] To that end, according to a first aspect, the present invention provides a transformable vertical photovoltaic system comprising at least - a photovoltaic module having a front surface, referred to as the "main surface" of the module, parallel to the plane formed by the active portion of the solar cells; - A support with an axis (A) having The transformable vertical photovoltaic system has at least - a first mounting means, called the "lower mounting means", for mounting the lower part of the module to a support; and - second attachment means, called "upper attachment means", for attaching the upper part of the module to the support; Also has each attachment means is deformable and / or free to translate at least along the axis of the post and / or free to rotate at least about an axis perpendicular to the axis of the post and parallel to a major face of the module; at least one of the lower and upper mounting means is deformable and / or free to translate at least along the axis of the support and the other mounting means is deformable and / or free to rotate at least about an axis perpendicular to the axis of the support and parallel to a major face of the module; This paper proposes a transformable vertical solar power generation system.

[0009] Thanks to these measures, the system makes it possible to significantly reduce the dynamic mechanical stresses on the modules, for example when the system is exposed to high winds. If the modules and / or the supports are deformed under the effect of dynamic mechanical stresses, the stresses at the attachment means are minimized. In this way, the mechanical durability of the modules is increased.

[0010] The mechanical deformation of the support structure of the system and the possibility of moving the mounting system allow the amount of material of this structure to be reduced. Thus, less material is required for the manufacture of such a structure, which can, for example, reduce the costs associated with the manufacture and reduce the environmental impact. Furthermore, the reduced amount of material of the support structure of the system allows the cross-sectional area of ​​the elements of the system to be reduced. Thus, the shadows formed by the structure and cast on the photovoltaic module are minimized, which increases the power generation of the system.

[0011] Moreover, such photovoltaic systems are easy and quick to install and can potentially be realized in many installation locations, including, for example, on slopes, agricultural land, etc. The mounting means are compatible with many different types of photovoltaic modules, including large modules, non-standard solar cell array configurations, and framed or unframed modules.

[0012] Finally, the replacement of e.g. damaged modules is made easy without the use of complex means. The photovoltaic system can also be dismantled easily and quickly. Therefore, after installation, when the photovoltaic system is no longer in operation, its removal does not have any negative impact on the ground on which it is installed.

[0013] In some optional embodiments, each mounting means is free to translate at least along the axis of the support and / or rotate at least about an axis that is perpendicular to the axis of the support and parallel to the major surface of the module, and at least one of the lower mounting means and the upper mounting means is free to translate at least along the axis of the support and the other mounting means is free to rotate at least about an axis that is perpendicular to the axis of the support and parallel to the major surface of the module.

[0014] In some optional embodiments, one of the lower mounting means or the upper mounting means is free to rotate at least about an axis perpendicular to the axis of the support, and the other mounting means is free to translate at least along the axis of the support and to rotate at least about an axis perpendicular to the axis of the support and parallel to the major surface of the module.

[0015] These measures ensure that when the photovoltaic system is subjected to dynamic mechanical stresses, the means of attachment to the mast rotates on two parallel axes, thus reducing the pinching effect and thus the high mechanical tensions in the attachment area, thus protecting the cells of the photovoltaic module close to the attachment area.

[0016] In some optional embodiments, one element of either the free-rotating attachment means or the post has a hole and the other element has a shaft, the hole and the shaft forming a pivot link or a sliding pivot.

[0017] These provisions allow the system to rotate the modules at the pivot links or sliding pivots when subjected to dynamic stresses.

[0018] In some optional embodiments, one element of either the free-rotating mounting means or the post has a slide channel and the other element has a slide, the slide channel and slide forming a slide link or slide pivot.

[0019] These measures allow the system to translate the modules along the columns when subjected to dynamic stress.

[0020] In some optional embodiments, the freely translating attachment means comprises an intermediate assembly means configured to form a sliding channel around at least a portion of the post.

[0021] These measures make it possible to increase the contact area between the posts and the mounting means at the intermediate assembly means, thus strengthening the fixing of the module to the posts while preserving the translational freedom of the mounting means.

[0022] In some optional embodiments, the mounting means which are free to translate and have an intermediate assembly means also have intermediate rotation means which are free to rotate and form a pivot link or sliding pivot with the intermediate assembly means.

[0023] By these measures, the assembly formed by the intermediate assembly means and the intermediate rotation means allows freedom of rotation of the mounting means.

[0024] In some optional embodiments, the photovoltaic modules are rectangular and the modules are oriented such that one short side of the module is positioned facing the surface on which the photovoltaic system is installed.

[0025] These measures ensure that the photovoltaic modules in the photovoltaic system are fixed at least on one of their long sides, which makes them more resistant to mechanical stresses compared to systems in which the modules are fixed on one of their short sides. In particular, the long sides of the modules are fixed to the support, which gives them additional support and allows them to be arranged in what is called a "portrait" configuration. Thus, a more stable vertical bifacial photovoltaic system is installed on the ground. This system also makes it possible to reduce the footprint and, in particular, to increase compatibility with agricultural activities at the installation site.

[0026] The system is therefore furthermore compatible with agrivoltaics, for example. Systems installed in this way also have a low hydrological impact on plants when installed on agricultural land. A coexistence activity is thus established, which corresponds to the coexistence of the main agricultural activity with the efficient energy production by one or more photovoltaic systems. This coexistence activity is called "agrivoltaics", also known as "Agri-PV" or "APV".

[0027] In some optional embodiments, the solar power system comprises: at least one cross member, the cross member being arranged under the module positioned facing the surface on which the photovoltaic system is to be installed, the cross member having two ends; and at least two fasteners, each such fastener being configured to fasten a respective end of at least one such cross member to a post, the cross member being positioned and fastened between at least two posts; Also includes.

[0028] These measures allow the cross members to improve the stability and mechanical resistance of the system, and also to strengthen the verticality and height of the modules under the force of gravity, especially if they are arranged below and in contact with the modules, and finally, they allow for the routing and protection of, for example, electrical cables of the photovoltaic system.

[0029] According to a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for installing a transformable vertical photovoltaic system, comprising the steps of: - fixing one end of at least one pole to the ground, each pole having an axis; - fastening a removable cross member to at least one support; - arranging at least one photovoltaic module on a cross member, each photovoltaic module having a front surface, referred to as the "main surface" of the module, parallel to the plane formed by the active portion of the solar cells; - fixing a lower part of said module to said at least one support via lower attachment means which are deformable and / or free to translate at least along the axis of the support and / or free to rotate at least about an axis perpendicular to the axis of the support and parallel to a main face of the module; - fixing an upper part of at least one module to said at least one support via upper attachment means, the upper attachment means being deformable and / or free to translate at least along the axis of the support and / or free to rotate at least on an axis perpendicular to the axis of the support and parallel to a main face of the module, and at least one attachment means of the lower attachment means and the upper attachment means being deformable and / or free to translate at least along the axis of the support and the other attachment means being deformable and / or free to rotate at least on an axis perpendicular to the axis of the support; - Removing the removable cross members; The present invention contemplates a method comprising:

[0030] The particular objects, advantages and features of the method which is the subject of the present invention are generally the same as the particular objects, advantages and features of the apparatus which is the subject of the present invention, and therefore will not be repeated here.

[0031] Other advantages, objects and particular features of the present invention will become apparent from the following non-limiting description of at least one particular embodiment of the device and method that is the subject of the invention, with reference to the drawings contained in the Appendix. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0032] [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic front view of a first particular embodiment of a photovoltaic power generation system that is the subject of the present invention; [Diagram 2] 1. FIG. 4 is a schematic front view of a modified example of the first embodiment of the solar power generation system shown in FIG. [Diagram 3] 1. FIG. 4 is a schematic front view of a modified example of the first embodiment of the solar power generation system shown in FIG. [Figure 4] 1. FIG. 4 is a schematic front view of a modified example of the first embodiment of the solar power generation system shown in FIG. [Diagram 5] 1 is a schematic side view of a particular embodiment of a photovoltaic power system that is the subject of the present invention, in a static view on the left and in a dynamic view on the right. [Figure 6] 1 is a schematic side view of a particular embodiment of a photovoltaic power system that is the subject of the present invention, in a static view on the left and in a dynamic view on the right. [Figure 7] FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of a first particular embodiment of a lower attachment means; [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional top view of the lower attachment means shown in FIG. 7. [Figure 9] FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of a second particular embodiment of the lower attachment means; [Figure 10] 10A-10C are schematic cross-sectional top views of three variations of the lower attachment means shown in FIG. 9. [Figure 11] FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional top view of a fourth modified example of the lower attachment means shown in FIG. 9; [Figure 12] FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a first particular embodiment of the upper attachment means; [Figure 13] 13A-13C are schematic cross-sectional top views of three variations of the upper mounting means shown in FIG. 12. [Figure 14]14 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of one of three variations of the upper mounting means shown in FIG. 13. FIG. [Figure 15] FIG. 15 is a schematic perspective view of a particular embodiment of elements included in the upper and lower mounting means shown in FIGS. 9-14. [Figure 16] 1A-1C are schematic perspective views of four particular embodiments of the struts. [Figure 17] 1A-1C are schematic cross-sectional top views of six particular embodiments of the struts. [Figure 18] 1A-1C are schematic top cross-sectional views of four particular embodiments of the support pillar, upper mounting means, intermediate mounting means, and intermediate rotation means. [Figure 19] 1A-1C are schematic cross-sectional side views of five particular embodiments of the cross member. [Figure 20] 1 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of three particular embodiments of a cross member; [Figure 21] 1 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of three particular embodiments of a cross member; [Figure 22] 1 is a diagrammatic and logic diagram representation of a particular sequence of steps of the method that is the subject of the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0033] This specification is described in a non-limiting manner, and each feature of the embodiments can be advantageously combined with other features of other embodiments.

[0034] Throughout the specification, the terms "above" or "top" refer to a position at the top of Figs. 1 to 6 corresponding to the normal use configuration of the system, and "below" or "belower" refer to a position at the bottom of these Figs. 1 to 6. The term "rear" refers to a position behind the plane of Figs. 1 to 4, and "front" refers to a position in front of the plane of Figs. 1 to 4. The terms "vertical" and "horizontal" derive from these definitions. The term "left" refers to a position on the left side in Figs. 5, 6, 10, 13, 15, and 20. The term "right" refers to a position on the right side in Figs. 5, 6, 10, 13, 15, and 20. Each of the systems shown in Figs. 1 to 6 has an axis A that corresponds to the axis of the support when the photovoltaic system is not subjected to dynamic mechanical stress. When the system is subjected to dynamic mechanical stress, as shown on the right side of Figs. 5 and 6, the axis A of the support is the tangent to the curve formed by the support deformed under the action of stress. The system shown in Figures 1 to 6 also has an axis B parallel to the "main face" of the module and perpendicular to the axis A of the support.

[0035] Here, the following definitions are stated. The term "deformable" refers to partial or total elastic deformation, including elastic materials, i.e., materials that can deform when a force is applied and return to their original state without intervention when the force is removed. In other words, an elastically deformable material can undergo elastic deformation and is distinct from a plastically deformable material.

[0036] The term "increased power generation" refers to increased production of electricity, for example by increasing the amount of solar energy reaching the solar cells of a module.

[0037] The term "bifacial module" refers to a module that produces electricity on both sides. The sides of the module are the two surfaces with the largest dimensions. A bifacial module allows light that hits the front and back to be transmitted to the solar cells. The solar cells use the light that hits both sides to produce electricity. The back of the module generally contains a junction box, and the power produced on the back side is usually less than the power produced on the front side.

[0038] The term "ground-facing" refers to an installation configuration in which, when the photovoltaic module is rectangular, one short side of the photovoltaic module is closer to the ground than the other short side of the photovoltaic module.

[0039] The term "C-shaped" is used to define the shape of the crosspiece. a support side which supports the element and is substantially horizontal; - the opposite side to the supporting side, which does not support the element and is substantially horizontal The overall shape of the The supporting side and the opposing side are connected by two sides, which correspond to a front and a rear side, the front or rear side being at least partially free of material.

[0040] The term "U-shaped" is used to define the shape of the crosspiece. a support side which supports the element and is substantially horizontal; - The opposite side of the support side, which does not support the element, is substantially horizontal and partially free of material The overall shape of the The supporting side and the opposing side are connected by two sides, which correspond to the front and rear sides.

[0041] The term "installation surface" refers to a surface on which a solar power generation system is installed. For example, such a surface refers to an installation ground. For example, the installation ground of a solar power generation system is a farmland.

[0042] The term "dynamic mechanical stresses" refers to stresses on an installed photovoltaic system. In particular, such stresses depend on the characteristics of the site where the photovoltaic system is installed. For example, such stresses are caused by wind hitting the surface of a photovoltaic module. Under the action of the wind, the module undergoes, for example, a translational movement, which exerts a force on the support. Thus, a reversible deformation of the support is observed, as shown on the right side of Figures 5 and 6. It should be noted that the deformation of the support under the action of the wind is not linear. In other words, the longitudinal profile of the support deformed under the action of the wind is curved.

[0043] Please note that the drawings are not to scale.

[0044] 1 (not to scale) is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the subject of the present invention, a photovoltaic power generation system 100. The photovoltaic power generation system 100 is substantially vertical and deformable with respect to a mounting ground surface 102.

[0045] It can be seen that the photovoltaic system 100 comprises at least one photovoltaic module 105 and at least one support 110 having an axis A. The photovoltaic system preferably comprises at least two supports 110. It can be seen that the photovoltaic module 105 of the system 100 has a front surface, called the "main surface" of the module 105, which is parallel to the plane formed by the active portion of the solar cells. In particular, this plane is bounded by the outer edge of the frame, or by the front and rear layers that protect the module if the module does not have a frame. It should be noted that the front and rear layers can be made of glass in the case of a double-glazed module, but other materials may also be used. The so-called "front" surface of the photovoltaic module 105 corresponds to the area of ​​the largest dimension, called the "maximum". The surface opposite the front surface, called the "rear" surface, generally has the same area as the front surface. For example, if the photovoltaic module 105 is a parallelepiped, the maximum area corresponds to the surface bounded by the two edges (width, length or height) of the module that have the maximum value.

[0046] Figure 1 shows a first attachment means 115, called the "lower attachment means", for attaching the lower part of the module 105 to the support 110; and a second attachment means 120, called "upper attachment means", for attaching the upper part of the module 105 to the support 110; 1 shows a solar power generation system 100 having a

[0047] In some embodiments, such as the one shown in FIG. 1, the major surface, or front surface, of the photovoltaic module 105 is in the shape of a parallelepiped.

[0048] In some embodiments (not shown), at least two solar power generation modules 105 are arranged vertically, with one solar power generation module 105 positioned above the other solar power generation module 105 when setting up the solar power generation system 100.

[0049] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module 105 has a frame. In some variations, the photovoltaic module 105 is frameless. In other words, the fastening edges of the module 105 are free of fastening frames. For example, the photovoltaic module 105 is a frameless double-glazed module, also known in the photovoltaic industry as a "photovoltaic laminate."

[0050] It should be noted that the pillar 110 of the photovoltaic power system 100 has an axis A, which is parallel to the largest dimension of the pillar 110 when the system 100 is not deformed. For example, if the pillar 110 is a tapered cylinder, then axis A is parallel to the generatrix of the tapered cylinder. For example, if the pillar 110 is a polyhedron, then axis A is parallel to the edge of the largest dimension.

[0051] In some embodiments, such as those shown in Figure 1, the support pillars 110 are substantially perpendicular to the installation ground 102. In some variations (not shown), the support pillars 110 are inclined with respect to the installation ground 102 and are parallel to each other. In other words, the support pillars 110 are not perpendicular to the general plane formed by the installation ground 102. Note that in this variation, the inclination is not related to the deformation of the photovoltaic power system 100 under dynamic mechanical stress. For example, the support pillars are all perpendicular to the horizon but not perpendicular to the ground.

[0052] 1, the bottom end of the post 110 comprises a block 101. The block 101 is partially or completely fixed to the ground 102, thereby enhancing adhesion of the post 110 to the ground 102. It is noted that adhesion and stabilization of the post 110 to the ground 102 may be achieved by any means known to those skilled in the art. For example, the bottom end of the post 110 may be fixed to the block 101 by a series of bolts.

[0053] 1, the lower mounting means 115 is free to rotate about an axis B that is perpendicular to the axis A of the post 110 and parallel to a major face of the module 105. In these embodiments, the upper mounting means 120 is free to translate along the axis A of the post 110. Preferably, the upper mounting means 120 is also free to rotate about axis C in a similar manner.

[0054] Figures 7 and 8 show one embodiment of a freely rotating lower attachment means 115. The rotational degree of freedom of the lower attachment means 115 is indicated in Figure 7 by a semicircular double arrow.

[0055] In some embodiments, such as those shown in Figures 7 and 8, the photovoltaic module 105 is secured to the lower attachment means 115 by a bolt including a screw 121 and a nut 123. In some variations, the lower attachment means 115 is rigidly attached to the module 105 by at least one clip system 129, springs and / or clamps as shown in Figure 11.

[0056] In some embodiments, such as the one shown in Figures 7 and 8, the element 119 of the lower mounting means 115 is a parallelepiped. The element 119 contacts the lower part of the module 105. In particular, the element 119 contacts the rear or back face of the module 105. It is noted that the element 119 has a hole for inserting the shaft 118. The axis of the shaft 118 is axis B, perpendicular to the axis A of the post 110. The shaft 118 is preferably held in the hole of the element 119 by a nut 122, as can be seen in Figure 8. It is noted that the element 119 and the shaft 118 form a pivot link. In particular, this pivot link moves similar to a pendulum motion, as indicated by the double arrow in Figure 7. In some variations, the hole of the element 119 and the shaft 118 form a sliding pivot link.

[0057] FIG. 8 shows that the lower mounting means 115 comprises a slide 116. The part 116 is preferably a tapered column. It is noted that the post 110 has a slot 111 forming a slide channel. In these embodiments, the slide 116 and the slot 111 form a slide link during the temporary rigid mounting of the photovoltaic module 105 to the post 110. In particular, the module 105 is temporarily mounted to the post 110 by translation along the axis A of the post 110. When the module 105 is temporarily mounted and positioned at a predetermined height, the slide 116 is held in the slide channel 111 by a nut 117, which is in contact with the surface of the post 110 in a fixed state. The use of the nut 117 corresponds to a full rigid mounting of the lower part of the module 105 to the post 110. In other words, the nut 117 fixes the assembly of the slide 116 and shaft 118 at a predetermined height on the post 110, thereby eliminating the freedom of movement of the lower attachment means 115.

[0058] In some variations, such as that shown in Figure 3, the lower attachment means 115 has a stud 118 that is inserted into a hole in the post 110. In these variations, as shown in Figures 9-11, the post 110 has a hole 124 and the free-spinning lower attachment means 115 has a shaft 118. Note that the hole 124 and the shaft 118 form a pivot link. In some variations, the hole 124 and the shaft 118 form a sliding pivot link. Note that the stud 118 and the shaft form a single element.

[0059] 10, it can be seen that the stud 118 of the lower attachment means 115 has an axis of rotation B. The stud 118 is preferably cylindrical in shape, as shown on the right side of FIG.

[0060] In some variants, such as the one shown in the middle of Fig. 10, the lower attachment means 115 has a spring 125. The spring 125 is placed between the element 119 and the face of the post 110 facing the lower attachment means 115. The spring is therefore in contact with two faces. It should be noted that the spring 125 is configured to press the two faces in opposite directions. In particular, the spring 125 presses the element in contact with the post 110 against the post 110. The spring 125 also presses the element in contact with the element 119 against the element 119. Thus, the vibrations related to the space, also called "play", between the different elements are limited. In some variants, the stud 118 has a shoulder that is in contact with a movable washer fixed to the end of the spring 125. In this variant, the other end is fixed to the element 119. The shoulder holds the movable washer securely in place, preventing the spring from dropping when the module 105 is secured to the post 110 .

[0061] In some variations, such as the one shown on the right side of Figure 10, the spring 126 can retract the stud 118 into the element 119 of the lower mounting element 115. In other words, the spring 126 holds the stud 118 in the hole 124 of the post 110. The ability to retract the stud 118 allows the module 105 to be quickly secured to the post 110, thereby facilitating installation of the system 100.

[0062] Figure 12 shows one embodiment of the upper mounting means 120 which is free to translate along axis A of the post 110. The translational degree of freedom of the upper mounting means 120 is indicated by a straight vertical double-headed arrow in Figures 12 and 14. The upper mounting means 120 is also free to rotate about axis C which is perpendicular to axis A of the post 110 and parallel to a major surface of the module 105. The rotational degree of freedom of the upper mounting means 120 is indicated by a semicircular double-headed arrow in Figure 12.

[0063] Note that the above descriptions of elements in FIG. 10 also apply to similarly numbered elements shown in FIG. 13 unless otherwise noted.

[0064] FIG. 13 shows that the upper attachment means 120 has a slide 116. The part 116 is preferably a tapered cylinder as shown in FIG. 15. When the slide 116 is a tapered cylinder, friction is limited as the slide 116 slides in the slide channel 111. Note that the post 110 has a slot 111 that forms a slide channel. In these embodiments, the slide 116 of the upper attachment means 120 and the slide channel 111 of the post 110 form a slide link. In some variations, the slide 116 of the upper attachment means 120 and the slide channel 111 of the post 110 form a slide pivot link. Note that the translational degree of freedom of the attachment means 120 is maintained.

[0065] On the left side of Fig. 13, it can be seen that no element is placed between the element 119 of the upper attachment means 120 and the face of the post 110 facing the lower attachment means 120. In some variations, such as the one shown in the center of Fig. 13, a nut 117 is placed between the element 119 and the face of the post 110. In these variations, the nut 117 is not in fixed contact with the face of the post 110 so as not to eliminate the translational degree of freedom of the upper attachment means 120. The inclusion of the nut 117 in the upper attachment means 120 prevents the element 119 from rubbing against the face of the post 110.

[0066] In another variant, as shown on the right side of Figure 13 and in Figure 14, the upper attachment means 120 has a spring 125 and a part 127. The part 127 is arranged between the spring 125 and the face of the post 110 facing the upper attachment means 120. The spring 125 is arranged between the part 127 and the element 119. The spring is therefore in contact with two faces.

[0067] It should be noted that the spring 125 shown in FIG. 14 and on the right side of FIG. 13 is configured to push two faces in opposite directions. Such two repulsions are indicated by the straight horizontal double arrows in FIG. 14. In particular, the spring 125 pushes the parts in contact with the post 110 against the post 110 without restricting the sliding link. In other words, when the upper attachment means 120 translates along the axis A of the post, the face of the element 127 slides over the face of the post 110. Moreover, the spring 125 also pushes an element, such as the nut 122 shown in FIG. 14, in contact with the element 119 against the element 119. Thus, the vibrations related to the space, also called "play", between the different elements are limited.

[0068] In some embodiments (not shown), the upper mounting means 120 is free to rotate about an axis C that is perpendicular to the axis A of the post 110 and parallel to the major face of the module 105. In these embodiments, the lower mounting means 115 is free to translate along the axis A of the post 110. Preferably, the lower mounting means 115 is also free to rotate about axis B.

[0069] It should be noted that the features discussed above and below with respect to the lower mounting means 115 also apply to the upper mounting means 120, and vice versa.

[0070] In some variations (not shown), the lower mounting means 115 and the upper mounting means 120 are elastically deformable and configured to retain the flat major surfaces of the photovoltaic module 105 without deformation when the system is subjected to dynamic mechanical stress.

[0071] It should be noted that when the photovoltaic power generation system 100 is installed in a location 102 exposed to strong winds, such a photovoltaic power generation system will undergo elastic deformations. In particular, the support 110 of the system 100 will undergo elastic deformations, and will deform nonlinearly, as shown on the right side of Figs. 5 and 6.

[0072] An undeformed support 110 of the system 100 is shown on the left side of Figures 5 and 6, and an elastically deformed support 110 is shown on the right side of Figures 5 and 6. The deformation of the support 110 is caused in particular by forces acting on the main faces of the modules 105. Such forces are for example exerted by wind at the outdoor installation site 102. In Figures 5 and 6, the wind is represented by three horizontal dashed arrows. In such conditions, the system 100 is subjected to dynamic mechanical stresses.

[0073] In some embodiments, such as those shown in Figure 5, the lower attachment means 115 is free to rotate about axis B, which is perpendicular to axis A of the post 110 and parallel to the major surface of the module 105. In these embodiments, the upper attachment means 120 is free to translate along axis A of the post 110. Preferably, the upper attachment means 120 is also free to rotate about axis C. It can be seen that the post 110 shown in Figure 5 has a slot 111. In some variations, such as those shown in Figure 6, the post 110 has an upper slot 111 and a lower hole (not shown).

[0074] For example, as shown on the right side of Figures 5 and 6, when the strut 110 is subjected to dynamic mechanical stress, the lower attachment means 115 rotates about axis B. The rotation of the lower attachment means 115 about axis B is shown in Figures 5 and 6 by a lower semicircular double-headed arrow. Additionally, the upper attachment means 120 rotates about axis C and translates about axis A. The rotation of the upper attachment means 120 about axis C is shown in Figures 5 and 6 by an upper semicircular double-headed arrow. The translation of the upper attachment means 120 about axis A is shown in Figures 5 and 6 by a straight vertical double-headed arrow. Note that axis A corresponds to the tangent of the arc of deformation formed by the slot 111 when the strut 110 is deforming. Thus, these three movements (two rotations and one translation) work together to keep the face of the strut 105 flat.

[0075] In some embodiments, the cross-sectional profile 1101, 1102, 1103, 1104, 1105, 1106 or 1107 of at least one strut 110 is shaped as follows: - a triangle 1104 as shown in Figures 16 to 18, - a rectangle 1103 as shown in Figures 16 to 18, - a symmetrical H-shape 1102 as shown in Figures 16 and 17; - Asymmetric H-shape 1105 as shown in Figure 17, - an inclined H-shape (not shown), - a cross 1101 as shown in Figures 16 to 18, - C-shaped 1107 as shown in FIG. 17, - F-shape (not shown), - a T-shaped member 1106 as shown in FIG. 17; - an inclined T-shape (not shown), - a staggered slanted T-shape (not shown), or - Angled Z-shape (not shown).

[0076] It should be noted that when selecting a cross-sectional profile for the struts 110 from among the above cross-sectional profiles, the selection may be based, for example, on the following: - mechanical resistance, -Installation constraints, - minimizing manufacturing and installation costs, and / or - Less vertical shadow behind the module 105 when the module 105 is double-sided.

[0077] In this way, the system is easier to install and has a higher mechanical resistance. Moreover, the system 100 has less vertical shading on the rear side of the module 105. Therefore, the power generation is increased if the module 105 is bifacial. Moreover, if the cross-sectional profile of the support 110 is one of the various cross-sectional profiles described above and is at least partially made of a reflective material, optimal reflection of sunlight onto the photovoltaic module 105 is achieved. This helps to increase the power generation. Finally, if the cross-sectional profile of the support 110 is one of the various cross-sectional profiles described above, the compatibility between the support 110, the upper and lower mounting means 115, 120 and the module 105 is improved. Thus, the mounting means 115 and 120 are easier to use.

[0078] 2, the upper attachment means 115 and the lower attachment means 120 have an intermediate assembly means 128. For example, the intermediate assembly means 128 may also be referred to as a "ring."

[0079] In these embodiments, the intermediate assembly means 128 has a slide channel and the post 110 is a slide. In particular, when the photovoltaic module 105 is temporarily and firmly attached to the post 110, the post 110 and the intermediate assembly means 128 form a slide link. In other words, the slide channel of the intermediate assembly means 128 and the slide formed by the post 110 form a slide link.

[0080] In these embodiments, the module 105 is provisionally attached to the post 110 via the lower attachment means 115 by translational movement of the assembly means 128. Such movement is performed on the axis A of the post 110. It should be noted that the assembly means 128 has a slide channel 111, and the part 116 of the post 110 forms the slide. Once the module 105 is provisionally attached and positioned at a predetermined height, the assembly means 128 is held in place on the post 110. In these embodiments, the face of the assembly means 128 is in fixed contact with the face of the post 110. Such fixed contact corresponds to a completely rigid attachment of the lower part of the module 105 to the post 110. In other words, the fixed contact eliminates the translational degree of freedom of the lower attachment means 115 by fixing the assembly means 128 at a predetermined height on the post 110. For example, the assembly means 128 may be - as shown on the right side of FIG. 18, a bolt 131 passes through the assembly means 128 and the post 110 (each of which has a hole), or - the bolts 131 pass only through the assembly means 128 with holes Thus, the threaded end of bolt 131 in contact with post 110 bears against post 110. Thus, retention of assembly means 128 is independent of the location of any hole in post 110.

[0081] In these embodiments, the upper attachment means 120 is free to translate and has an intermediate assembly means 128. In particular, three non-limiting variations of such intermediate assembly means 128 of the upper attachment means 120 are shown in FIG. 18. The intermediate assembly means 128 is configured to form a slide channel 111 around at least one part 116 of the post 110. It should be noted that the part 116 of the post forms a slide. In other words, the slide channel 111 of the intermediate assembly means 128 and the slide 116 of the post 110 form a slide link.

[0082] In some embodiments, such as those shown in Figures 2 and 18, the upper mounting means 120 is also free to rotate. In particular, the upper mounting means 120 has an intermediate assembly means 128 and an intermediate rotation means 119. The intermediate assembly means 128 has a hole, and the intermediate rotation means 119 has a shaft 118. It should be noted that the hole of the intermediate assembly means 128 and the shaft 118 form a pivot link. In other words, the intermediate rotation means 119 forms a pivot link together with the intermediate assembly means 128. In some variations, the intermediate rotation means 119 forms a sliding pivot link together with the intermediate assembly means 128.

[0083] In some variations, such as the one shown in FIG. 3, the solar power system 100 may include: - a freely rotating lower mounting means 115, and - includes upper attachment means 120 which are free to translate and rotate and have intermediate assembly means 128. The three examples of such intermediate assembly means 128 shown in figure 18 are also applicable to these variants. It should be noted that the attachment means 120 also has intermediate rotation means 119.

[0084] In some embodiments, when the installation location has a flat surface, the same intermediate fastening means 128 of the mounting means 115 and / or 120 is used to fasten the two photovoltaic modules 105 to the pole 110. In other words, each photovoltaic module 105 is fastened to a surface of the pole 110, but the two mounting surfaces are separate.

[0085] In some embodiments, the dimensions of the lower mounting means 115 and the upper mounting means 120 vary. These dimensions are determined according to the desired distance between the support 110 and the module 105. It is noted that such a spacing distance reduces the shading of the module 105 by the support 110, particularly on the rear surface. Such a spacing is utilized, for example, when a frameless bifacial photovoltaic module 105 is used in the system 100. Thus, reduced shading of the main surface of the photovoltaic module 105 facilitates increased power generation.

[0086] In some embodiments, the major surface or front surface of the photovoltaic module 105 of the system 100 is in line with the front surface bounded by the support post 110. In other words, the major surface of the photovoltaic module 105 does not recede behind the front surface bounded by the support post 110. The lower and upper mounting means are desirably located to minimize shading of the front surface.

[0087] In these embodiments, the front surface of the photovoltaic module 105 is more exposed to light due to less shading. Note that if the photovoltaic module 105 is bifacial, this preferential exposure of the front surface will result in more shading on the rear surface. However, the front surface of the module 105 is more efficient at converting solar energy into electrical energy than the rear surface of the module 105. Thus, this preferential exposure of the front surface of the module 105 to light will help increase power generation, even if the rear surface of the module 105 is in shadow.

[0088] It should be noted that such a solution does not require much bifaciality, if the front side of the module is preferentially exposed to the light. In other words, the positioning of the photovoltaic module 105 does not depend on whether it is bifacial or not. Therefore, a wide selection of photovoltaic modules 105 is available, including photovoltaic modules 105 with particularly low economic costs.

[0089] When multiple photovoltaic power generation systems 100 including a row of modules 105 are used, the front faces of the modules 105 can be oriented depending on the system performance selection. For example, the front faces of the modules 105 can be oriented from due east to due west. Thus, there is a great deal of flexibility in the orientation of the row of modules 105. Thus, depending on the orientation of the photovoltaic power generation system and the choice of the side of the support 110 that is aligned with the front faces of the modules 105, a wide variety of electrical profiles are available. In particular, such orientation flexibility allows for, for example, - to tailor the system 100 to the specific spatial constraints of the installation site; and / or - to position the system 100 to reduce exposure to strong prevailing winds It is used for.

[0090] In some variations, if the site is agricultural land, orientation flexibility is utilized to install rows in a straight line, for example, from south to north, preferably such that the ground receives a uniform amount of light.

[0091] In some embodiments, such as those shown in Figures 1-6, the photovoltaic modules 105 of the photovoltaic power generation systems 100, 200, 300, or 400 are rectangular. In particular, the photovoltaic modules 105 are oriented such that one short side of the modules 105 faces the surface 102 on which the photovoltaic power generation system is installed. In other words, the modules 105 are oriented in a "portrait" mode rather than a "landscape" mode. It should be noted that the surface 102 is defined by the ground on which the photovoltaic power generation system 100, 200, 300, or 400 is installed.

[0092] In some embodiments, such as the one shown in FIG. 4, the system 100 includes: at least one cross member 401, and - at least two fasteners 402 for the cross members Also includes.

[0093] In these embodiments, the cross-member 401 is positioned below the module 105. In this configuration, the photovoltaic power generation system 400 is installed on the surface 102 and the module is positioned on the opposite side of the surface 102. The cross-member 401 has two ends and each fastener 402 is configured to fasten a respective end of the cross-member 401 to a support 110. Note that in FIG. 4, the cross-member 401 is positioned and fastened between at least two supports.

[0094] In these embodiments, if the photovoltaic module 105 is rectangular, having two short sides and two long sides, the short sides of the photovoltaic module 105 rest along the cross member 401 .

[0095] In this way, the risk of vertical downward movement and slippage of the photovoltaic modules 105, especially during installation of the system 100, is reduced.

[0096] There are several possible embodiments for the shape of the cross-sectional profile of the cross member 401 of the system 400 shown in Figure 4. These various embodiments are illustrated in Figures 19 and 20.

[0097] In some embodiments, the cross member 401 of the system 400 has a cross-sectional profile shape of: - C-shape, as shown in the top two shapes of Figure 19, or - An inverted U-shape, as shown in the bottom three shapes of Figure 19 It is.

[0098] In some embodiments, such as the one shown in Figure 20, the cross member 401 also has an upper rim in contact with the photovoltaic module 105 and a lower rim configured to hold an electrical cable 404 that connects to the photovoltaic module 105. The lower rim is preferably a rail. Note that the lower rim is defined by a width and a height.

[0099] In this manner, the electrical cable 404 is protected and oriented according to the given constraints of use of the solar power system 100 .

[0100] In some embodiments, such as those shown in Fig. 20, the width of the lower edge of the cross-piece 401 shown on the left side of Fig. 20 is greater than the width of the lower edge of the cross-piece 401 shown on the center and right sides, respectively, of Fig. 20. It can also be seen that the height of the lower edge of the cross-piece 401 shown on the right side of Fig. 20 is greater than the height of the lower edge of the cross-piece 401 shown on the center and left sides, respectively, of Fig. 20.

[0101] When the modules 105 are connected in series, the length of the positive cable of the photovoltaic module 105 is different from the length of the negative cable of the photovoltaic module 105, preferably shorter or longer than the negative cable. Therefore, the connector 403 between the modules 105 is protected by the cross member 401. The modules 105 are connected in series in a chain called a "string", known to those skilled in the art. In other words, the positive cable of the first module 105 is connected to the negative cable of the second module 105 through the connector 403. In this configuration, if the length of the positive cable of the first module 105 is equal to the length of the negative cable of the second module 105, the connector 403 of these two cables 404 will reach the support 110. Such an arrangement of the connector 403 must be avoided in certain cases, especially when the cable is placed at the bottom of the module 105, i.e. at the short side placed facing the ground 102. In this case, the connector 403 is not protected by the cross member 401. Therefore, by making a difference in length between the positive cable and the negative cable, it is possible to avoid such an arrangement of the connector 403, and thereby it is possible to protect the connector 403 with the cross member 401.

[0102] In some embodiments not shown, the cross member 401 has at least one hole or perforation in the upper or rear rim. Note that the rear rim of the cross member 401 is on the same side as the junction box of the photovoltaic module 105. The hole in the cross member 401 is configured to facilitate passage of the electrical cable 404 of the photovoltaic module 105.

[0103] In some embodiments (not shown), the system 100 includes a cross member 401 configured to at least partially surround at least one strut 110 .

[0104] In this way, since the present system has a compact overall structure, it is possible to enhance the stability of the structure.

[0105] For example, cross member 401 may have longitudinal slots along axes parallel to axes B and C, and / or transverse slots along axes perpendicular to axes B and C. It should be noted that such slots may be configured to partially or completely surround strut 110.

[0106] In some embodiments (not shown), the fasteners of the cross member 401 include at least one intermediate fastener configured to completely surround at least one strut 110, thus enhancing the fastening of the cross member to the strut.

[0107] In some variations (not shown), the fasteners of the cross member 401 include at least one L-shaped intermediate fastener, which is an upper portion configured for fastening to a support; and - a lower part perpendicular to the upper part and the support and configured to support a cross member has.

[0108] This provides stronger support for the module 101 and reduces mechanical stress due to gravity.

[0109] In particular, if the system 100 comprises two posts and two brackets are rigidly attached to each of the posts 110, the brackets provide support for the ends of the cross members 401. It should be noted that rigid attachment of the brackets to the posts 110 can be achieved by any means known to those skilled in the art, for example by bolts configured to attach the posts 110 to the tops of the brackets.

[0110] In some embodiments, such as the one shown in Figure 21, the cross member 401 is at least partially made of a light reflective material and has a C-shaped cross-sectional profile. Light rays are shown in Figure 21 as straight arrows. For example, Figure 21 shows indirect light radiation to a photovoltaic module 105. The indirect light radiation is the reflection of one or more light rays that directly strike the rear surface of the reflective cross member 401.

[0111] In some embodiments, such as those shown in Figures 1-6, the photovoltaic power system 100 does not include a horizontal element connecting two supports 110, such as a beam, cross member, brace or strut located over the part of the module 105 that does not face the installation ground. In other words, no horizontal element connecting two supports 110 is located over the part of the module 105 that is furthest from the ground. For example, if the module is rectangular, the system 100 does not have a horizontal element connecting two supports that are located over the short side of the module 105 that does not face the installation ground. In other words, no horizontal element connecting two parallel supports 110 is located over the short side of the module 105 that is furthest from the ground.

[0112] 22 is a schematic diagram of an optional embodiment of the method 500 that is the subject of the present invention. The method 500 for installing a transformable vertical photovoltaic system includes: - a step 501 of fixing one end of at least one pole to the ground; - step 502 of fastening a removable cross member to the support; - a step 503 of arranging at least one photovoltaic module on a crosspiece; - step 504 of fixing the lower part of the module to the support via the lower attachment means; - step 505 of fixing the upper part of the module to the support via an upper attachment means; - removing the removable cross member 506; Includes.

[0113] In particular, each support has an axis, and each photovoltaic module has a front surface, referred to as the "main face" of the module, which is parallel to the plane formed by the active portion of the solar cells. Note that this plane is defined by the outer edge of the frame, or by the front and rear layers that protect the module if the module does not have a frame. Note that the front and rear layers may be made of glass in the case of a double-glazed module, but other materials may also be used.

[0114] It should be noted that each attachment means is deformable and / or free to translate at least along the axis of the support and / or free to rotate at least about an axis that is perpendicular to the axis of the support and parallel to the face of the module, and at least one of the attachment means of the lower attachment means and the upper attachment means is deformable and / or free to translate at least along the axis of the support, while the other means is deformable and / or free to rotate at least about an axis perpendicular to the axis of the support.

[0115] In step 501, the end of the support is fixed to the installation ground, the support is first positioned; - an end portion for later fastening to the ground; -The top of the support that will later be fixed to the photovoltaic module Make sure to distinguish between the following.

[0116] In particular, in a step 501 of fixing the pole, the pole is fixed to the ground using any attachment means known to those skilled in the art.

[0117] Securing removable cross members 502 involves reversibly securing such cross members to the posts.

[0118] In a positioning step 503, the module is positioned to rest on the cross member, which thus maintains the position of the module in the fastening steps 504 and 505.

[0119] In fixing steps 504 and 505, the module is fixed to the support by means of upper and lower attachment means. The nature of the intermediate attachment means is selected according to the rotational and / or translational degrees of freedom required for these means. In some embodiments, the lower attachment means are free to rotate and the upper attachment means are at least free to translate. It is preferred that the upper attachment means are also free to rotate.

[0120] In some variations, a portion of the one or more attachment means is on the post. In other words, the post is machined to include a portion of the one or more attachment means. In other variations, this portion is fixed to the post when the system is installed at the installation site. For example, this portion of the attachment means is approximately positioned and held on the portion of the post that will be assembled last, particularly with the lower and upper stops.

[0121] In some variations (not shown), the method of installing a transformable vertical solar power system includes the following steps: - fixing at least two pole ends to the ground; - fastening a removable cross member to said support; - step 503 of arranging at least one photovoltaic module on a crosspiece; - fixing the lower part of the module to said support by means of lower attachment means; - fixing the upper part of the module to said support by means of upper attachment means; and - Removing the removable cross members and the above steps may potentially be repeated.

[0122] The means of the apparatus 100 are configured to perform the steps of the method 500 and its embodiments described above, and the method 500 and its various embodiments can preferably be performed by means of the apparatus 100.

Claims

1. at least a photovoltaic module (105) having a front surface, called the "main surface" of the module, parallel to the plane formed by the active part of the solar cells, and - a support (110) having an axis (A) A transformable vertical solar power system (100, 200, 300, 400) having The transformable vertical solar power generation system comprises at least - first attachment means (115) called "lower attachment means" for attaching the lower part of the module to the support; and - second attachment means (120) called "upper attachment means" for attaching the upper part of the module to the support; and each means being deformable and / or free to translate at least along the axis of the strut and / or free to rotate at least about an axis (B, C) perpendicular to the axis of the strut and parallel to the main faces of the module; At least one of the lower and upper mounting means is deformable and / or free to translate at least along the axis of the support, and the other mounting means is deformable and / or free to rotate at least about an axis perpendicular to the axis of the support and parallel to the main face of the module. A system (100, 200, 300, 400).

2. 2. The system (100, 200, 300, 400) of claim 1, wherein each means (115, 120) is free to translate at least along the axis (A) of the support (110) and / or to rotate at least about an axis (B, C) that is perpendicular to the axis of the support and parallel to the main surface of the module (105), and at least one of the lower mounting means (115) and the upper mounting means (120) is free to translate at least along the axis of the support and the other mounting means is free to rotate at least about an axis that is perpendicular to the axis of the support and parallel to the main surface of the module.

3. 3. A system (100, 200, 300, 400) as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein one of the lower mounting means (115) and the upper mounting means (120) is free to rotate at least about the axis (B, C) perpendicular to the axis (A) of the support (110), and the other mounting means is free to translate at least along the axis of the support and to rotate at least about an axis perpendicular to the axis of the support and parallel to the main surface of the module.

4. 3. The system (100, 200, 300, 400) of claim 1 or 2, wherein one of the elements of the free-swivel mounting means (115, 120) and the support (110) has a hole (124) and the other element has a shaft (118), said hole and said shaft forming a pivot link or a sliding pivot.

5. 3. A system (100, 200, 300, 400) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein one of the elements of the freely translatable mounting means (115, 120) and the support (110) has a slide channel (111) and the other element has a slide (116), the slide channel and the slide forming a slide link or a slide pivot.

6. 6. The system (100, 200, 300, 400) of claim 5, wherein the freely translating mounting means (115, 120) has an intermediate assembly means (128) configured to form a slide channel (111) around at least a portion (116) of the support post (110).

7. 7. The system (100, 200, 300, 400) of claim 6, wherein the mounting means (115, 120) which are free to translate and have intermediate assembly means (128) also have intermediate rotation means (119) which are free to rotate and form a pivot link or sliding pivot with the intermediate assembly means.

8. 3. The system (100, 200, 300, 400) of claim 1 or 2, wherein the photovoltaic module (105) is rectangular and the module is oriented such that one short side of the module faces the surface (102) on which the system is installed.

9. - at least one cross member (401) positioned under said module (105) facing the surface (102) on which said system is to be installed, said cross member having two ends; at least two fasteners (402), each of which is configured to fasten a respective end of at least one of said cross members to a support (110), said cross member being positioned and fastened between at least two supports; The system (100, 200, 300, 400) of claim 1 or 2, further comprising:

10. 1. A method of installing a transformable vertical solar power system, comprising: - fixing one end of at least one pole to the ground, each pole having an axis (501); - fixing (502) a removable cross member to at least one support post; - placing at least one photovoltaic module on a cross member (503), each photovoltaic module having a front surface, referred to as the "main surface" of the module, parallel to the plane formed by the active area of ​​the solar cells; - fixing a lower part of the module to the at least one support column via lower attachment means that are deformable and / or free to translate at least along the axis of the support column and / or free to rotate at least about an axis perpendicular to the axis of the support column and parallel to a main face of the module (504); - fixing the upper part of at least one module to said at least one support column via upper attachment means which are deformable and / or free to translate at least along the axis of said support column and / or free to rotate at least on an axis perpendicular to the axis of said support column and parallel to a main surface of said module, and at least one attachment means of said lower and upper attachment means is deformable and / or free to translate at least along the axis of said support column, and the other attachment means is deformable and / or free to rotate at least on an axis perpendicular to the axis of said support column (505); - removing (506) said removable cross member; A method (500) comprising:

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