Photovoltaic self-cleaning system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a photovoltaic self-cleaning system and method, and belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic panel cleaning, the photovoltaic self-cleaning system comprises a main shell provided with a photovoltaic panel body and a control module, and the control module is installed on the main shell; a frame body is mounted above the photovoltaic panel body, and a sensing unit is mounted on the frame body; an airflow channel is formed in the frame body, and an airflow generating device is mounted on the frame body; the airflow generating device is communicated with the airflow channel; a decontamination electrode module is mounted on the photovoltaic panel body; the control module is connected with the decontamination electrode module and the airflow generating device; and the photovoltaic panel body is cleaned through the airflow generation device, and the surface of the photovoltaic panel is cleaned in combination with the decontamination electrode module, so that the cleaning effect on the photovoltaic panel body is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic panel cleaning, and particularly relates to a photovoltaic self-cleaning system and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] As a core component of clean energy, the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic power generation is seriously affected by the surface dust: the efficiency decreases by 8%-15% after outdoor use for one month, and the loss can reach 20%-30% in three months without cleaning in high-pollution areas. With the expansion of photovoltaic power stations to extreme environments such as deserts and plateaus, traditional cleaning solutions face the bottleneck of water resource shortage, maintenance difficulty, poor environmental adaptability, etc. In recent years, the industry has emerged technologies such as airflow cleaning, electrostatic dust removal, and self-cleaning coating, but single technology cannot meet the comprehensive demand of "high efficiency, low consumption, wide adaptation, and long service life", and composite cleaning technology has become a research hotspot, but the existing composite solutions have problems such as poor synergy, fixed parameters, and energy waste. The application with the publication number CN120571439A and the invention name of a nano-bubble liquid low-pressure preparation method, a preparation device, and a photovoltaic cleaning system input gas and liquid medium into a jet flow device, the gas and liquid medium are input into a Venturi jet flow device to form a primary gas-liquid mixture, and then pass through a filler tower, a cyclone, and a collision device in sequence to finally form a nano-bubble liquid. The preparation device includes a liquid inlet pipe, a Venturi jet flow device, a filler tower, a cyclone, a collision device, and a liquid outlet pipe connected in sequence by a pipeline according to the flow direction of the cleaning stock solution, but it relies on liquid medium, has high energy consumption, and is inconvenient to use in arid areas. SUMMARY

[0003] To solve the above problems, the application provides a photovoltaic self-cleaning system, which realizes the synergy of airflow cleaning and electrostatic cleaning and improves the self-cleaning effect. The photovoltaic self-cleaning system comprises a main shell provided with a photovoltaic panel body and a control module, and the control module is installed on the main shell. A frame body is installed above the photovoltaic panel body, and a sensing unit is installed on the frame body. An airflow channel is formed in the frame body, and an airflow generating device is installed on the frame body. The airflow generating device is in communication with the airflow channel. A decontamination electrode module is installed on the photovoltaic panel body. The control module is connected with the decontamination electrode module and the airflow generating device.

[0004] Further, the airflow generating device comprises a shell and a filter module. One end of the shell is provided with an air inlet, and the other end of the shell is provided with an air outlet. The filter module is installed at one end of the shell inside the shell. The shell interior is sequentially provided with a direct-current fan, a Venturi tube and an annular jet cavity from the end of the filter module away from the air inlet; the shell interior is provided with an adjusting blade at a position close to the air outlet, and the shell is provided with a flange plate at a position outside the air outlet; the shell exterior is provided with a motor body at a position close to the air outlet, and the output end of the motor body is connected with the adjusting blade; The flange plate is in sealing connection with the airflow channel.

[0005] Further, the decontamination electrode module comprises a glass substrate, an oxide layer is deposited on the glass substrate, and an anti-fouling coating is coated on the oxide layer; A plurality of independent areas are divided on the oxide layer; a high-voltage generating unit is correspondingly arranged on each independent area; a connecting component is arranged on the high-voltage generating unit, and the connecting component is connected with the frame body.

[0006] Further, the back surface of the photovoltaic panel body is provided with a back plate, and a power generation sheet is mounted on the back plate; the control module comprises a power supply interface and a control interface, the power supply interface is connected with the power generation sheet, and the control interface is connected with the decontamination electrode module and the airflow generating device.

[0007] Further, an installation groove is formed in the inner side of the frame body, and a PTC heater is arranged in the installation groove.

[0008] Further, the direct-current fan comprises a fan mounting seat, and the Venturi tube is integrally formed with the fan mounting seat.

[0009] Further, the connecting component comprises a connecting port, the connecting port is fixedly connected with the high-voltage generating unit, a No. 1 lead wire is connected to the connecting port, and the other end of the No. 1 lead wire is connected with the control module; an ear piece is mounted on the connecting port, and the ear piece is connected with the frame body.

[0010] Further, the sensing unit comprises a dust concentration sensor, a light transmittance sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, a wind speed sensor and an image acquisition module.

[0011] The application provides a photovoltaic self-cleaning method based on the above-mentioned photovoltaic self-cleaning system, which comprises the following steps: The sensing unit collects environmental data and photovoltaic panel body data; According to the collected environmental data and photovoltaic panel data, the control module determines the pollution level; According to the pollution level, the decontamination electrode module and the airflow generating device are controlled to start.

[0012] Further, according to the pollution level, the decontamination electrode module and the airflow generating device are controlled to start, which comprises the following steps: When the pollution level is light pollution, the airflow generating device is started to run at a first speed; When the pollution level is moderate pollution, start the airflow generating device to run at the second speed, and start the decontamination electrode module; When the pollution level is severe pollution, start the airflow generating device to run at the third speed, and start the decontamination electrode module.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages: 1. The present application cleans the photovoltaic panel body through the airflow generating device, and cleans the surface of the photovoltaic panel by combining the decontamination electrode module. According to the situation of the surface of the photovoltaic panel, corresponding cleaning measures are adopted, which can improve the cleaning applicability and also improve the cleaning effect when the pollution degree is high.

[0014] 2. The present application improves the cleaning effect of the photovoltaic panel body with different inclination angles by opening the airflow channel in the frame body, and then cooperating with the compound structure of the airflow generating device, the Venturi tube, the annular jet cavity, the filter module and the adjusting blade.

[0015] Other features and advantages of the present application will be set forth in the following description, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the description, or can be learned by practice of the present application. The objects and other advantages of the present application can be achieved and obtained by the structure indicated in the specification and the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiment or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to these drawings without creative labor.

[0017] Figure 1 The overall structure schematic diagram of the system in the embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0018] Figure 2 The detailed structure schematic diagram of the decontamination electrode module in the embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0019] Figure 3 The structure schematic diagram of the airflow generating device in the embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0020] Figure 4 The schematic diagram of the control module in the embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0021] 1, frame body; 2, decontamination electrode module; 3, photovoltaic panel body; 4, EVA buffer layer; 5, back plate; 6, control module; 7, airflow generating device; 8, main shell; 21, glass substrate; 22, oxide layer; 23, anti-fouling coating; 24, independent area; 25, high-voltage generating unit; 26, connection port; 27, No. 1 wire; 28, ear piece; 29, silica gel sealing layer; 31, dust cover; 32, filter module; 33, direct current fan; 34, fan mounting seat; 35, Venturi tube; 36, annular jet cavity; 38, adjusting blade; 39, motor body; 40, driving gear; 41, flange plate; 42, sealing ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] To make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0023] The present application provides a kind of photovoltaic self-cleaning system, refer to Figure 1 Including the main shell 8 of installing photovoltaic panel body 3 and control module 6, control module 6 is installed on main shell 8;The upper portion of the photovoltaic panel body 3 is installed with frame body 1, and sensing unit is installed on frame body 1; Air flow passage is formed in the frame body 1, and air flow generating device 7 is installed on frame body 1;The air flow generating device 7 is communicated with air flow passage; The decontamination electrode module 2 is installed on the photovoltaic panel body 3;The control module 6 is connected with decontamination electrode module 2 and air flow generating device 7.

[0024] The photovoltaic panel body 3 adopts monocrystalline silicon / polycrystalline silicon / thin film battery sheet, the back plate 5 (i.e. back surface) of the photovoltaic panel body 3 is pasted with an EVA buffer layer 4 (combined with the photovoltaic panel body 3 and the back plate 5 through a hot pressing process), the edge of the photovoltaic panel body 3 is integrated with a specially-made frame body 1 of aluminum alloy material (the frame body 1 is internally provided with a hollow multi-layer airflow channel + a PTC heater installation groove), a bismuth telluride thermoelectric power sheet installation surface is compounded on the back plate 5, and the efficiency of collecting temperature difference energy is ensured; a sensing unit collects data of the photovoltaic panel body 3, and when it is judged that self-cleaning is needed, a airflow generating device 7 and / or a decontamination electrode module 2 are started; the decontamination electrode module 2 is installed on the upper surface of the photovoltaic panel body 3 and closely adheres to the outside of the ultra-white tempered glass; the bottom of the decontamination electrode module 2 is fixedly attached to the upper surface tempered glass of the photovoltaic panel body 3 through optical cement, and the decontamination electrode module 2 directly acts on the surface pollutants (such as dust and bird droppings) of the photovoltaic panel body 3, so as to realize the synergistic cleaning of electrostatic adsorption-airflow stripping; a wire routing hole is formed in the frame body 1, and the diameter of the wire routing hole is 5 mm, which is used for the decontamination electrode module 2 and the control module 6 to pass through the wire; a connecting bolt is arranged on the frame body 1, and a connecting hole is arranged on the photovoltaic panel body 3, the connecting bolt and the connecting hole are matched, and the gap between the connecting hole and the connecting bolt is filled with silicone sealant.

[0025] The airflow generating device 7 can adopt a micro piezoelectric ceramic airflow generator (no moving part, power < 5W), which generates airflow through high-frequency vibration, and the wind speed can reach 15-20 m / s; an plasma generating module (power < 3W) can also be additionally arranged in the airflow channel, which modifies the surface of the pollutants through plasma, reduces the adhesion, and improves the cleaning efficiency.

[0026] The present application cleans the photovoltaic panel body 3 through the airflow generating device 7, and cleans the surface of the photovoltaic panel through the decontamination electrode module 2, according to the situation of the surface of the photovoltaic panel, corresponding cleaning measures are adopted, the cleaning applicability is improved, and the cleaning effect is improved when the pollution degree is high; there is no mechanical moving part and easy-to-damage coating, and the design life of the core component is ≥ 10 years.

[0027] In an embodiment of the present application, referring to Figure 3 The airflow generating device 7 comprises a shell and a filter module 32; one end of the shell is provided with an air inlet, and the other end of the shell is provided with an air outlet; the filter module 32 is installed at one end of the shell inside the air inlet; A DC fan 33, a Venturi tube 35 and an annular jet cavity 36 are sequentially installed at the end of the filter module 32 away from the air inlet inside the shell; an adjusting blade 38 is installed at a position close to the air outlet inside the shell, and a flange plate 41 is installed at a position outside the air outlet of the shell; a motor body 39 is arranged at a position close to the air outlet outside the shell, and the output end of the motor body 39 is connected with the adjusting blade 38; The flange plate 41 is sealingly connected with the airflow channel.

[0028] The direct-current fan 33 comprises a fan mounting seat 34, and the Venturi tube 35 is integrally formed with the fan mounting seat 34.

[0029] The dust cover 31 is fixed to the end face of the air inlet by buckling and can be disassembled and cleaned. The airflow generating device 7 is installed on both sides of the frame body 1 and is connected with the airflow channel through the flange plate 41. The flange plate 41 at the joint is provided with a sealing ring 42 which is embedded in the groove of the flange plate 41 to prevent air leakage. The external airflow enters the device from the air inlet at one end of the shell under the negative pressure adsorption of the direct-current fan 33. The airflow first passes through the filter module 32 (10 μm dust filtration, using a folded glass filter paper, fixed in the inner side of the air inlet through a clamping groove, replaceable) at the air inlet side to filter out dust, impurities and other pollutants in the air, thereby completing the preliminary purification of the airflow and ensuring the cleanliness of the airflow.

[0030] The purified airflow flows to the direct-current fan 33 (a miniature brushless direct-current fan 33 with a power of less than 10 W, fixed to the fan mounting seat 34 by screws, and the outgoing line of the direct-current fan 33 passes through the wire hole of the fan mounting seat 34; the fan mounting seat 34 is integrally formed with the Venturi tube 35, and a shock-absorbing rubber pad is installed on the fan mounting seat 34 to reduce vibration transmission), which rotates at high speed to work on the airflow, converting low-speed airflow into high-speed and high-pressure airflow. Then the high-pressure airflow enters the Venturi tube 35 (including a contraction section, a throat and a diffusion section, fixed by argon arc welding with the annular jet chamber 36 to ensure the sealing of the airflow without leakage) to further increase the airflow velocity and compress the airflow density, thereby realizing secondary pressurization of the airflow and laying a foundation for subsequent jet multiplication.

[0031] The high-speed airflow accelerated and pressurized by the Venturi tube 35 enters the annular jet chamber 36 (an annular chamber with eight jet holes uniformly distributed on the inner wall and communicated with the diffusion section of the Venturi tube 35). The annular jet chamber 36 adopts an annular flow channel design to convert the concentrated high-speed airflow into uniform annular jet flow which is sprayed out of the annular gap of the jet chamber at high speed. At this time, the annular jet flow drives the surrounding stationary air to flow together (i.e. "induced effect"), greatly increasing the airflow flow and realizing the "multiplication" effect, and finally forming an airflow beam with large flow and stable speed.

[0032] The multiplied airflow continues to flow to the air outlet at the other end of the shell, and the adjusting blade 38 (mounted on the inner side of the air outlet through a bearing, and a bearing is mounted at both ends of the rotating shaft, and a driven gear is mounted on the rotating shaft) near the air outlet is responsible for regulating the air outlet direction. After the motor body 39 (a micro stepping motor, fixed on the outer side support of the air outlet, and a driving gear 40 is mounted on the output shaft, and the driving gear 40 is engaged with the driven gear of the rotating shaft of the adjusting blade 38, and the transmission ratio is 1:5) installed outside the shell is started, the output end drives the adjusting blade 38 to rotate, and the flexible adjustment of the air outlet angle (such as horizontal, vertical or any angle air outlet) is realized by changing the inclination angle of the blade; the flange plate 41 outside the shell is used for the sealed connection of the device and the airflow channel, so that no leakage occurs during the airflow output, and the engineering installation requirement is met.

[0033] In an embodiment of the present application, referring to Figure 2 , the decontamination electrode module 2 comprises a glass substrate 21, an oxide layer 22 deposited on the glass substrate 21, and an anti-fouling coating 23 coated on the oxide layer 22; A plurality of independent regions 24 are divided on the oxide layer 22; a high-voltage generating unit 25 is correspondingly arranged on each independent region 24; and a connecting component is arranged on the high-voltage generating unit 25 and connected with the frame body 1.

[0034] The glass substrate 21 is made of super-white tempered glass (thickness 3.2 mm, as a decontamination electrode module 2 bearing substrate, light transmittance ≥ 94%), the oxide layer 22 has the performance of flexible transparent conductive (such as ITO (indium tin oxide), thickness 100-200 nm, deposited on the upper surface of the glass substrate 21 by magnetron sputtering process), and the surface is coated with a SiO2 nano anti-fouling coating 23 (fusing halloysite nanotube loading surfactant AOS technology, thickness 50-80 nm, coated on the upper surface of the oxide layer 22 by sol-gel method); the glass substrate 21, the oxide layer 22 and the anti-fouling coating 23 form an integrated layered structure without loose gap; and the three are divided into 3-5 independent regions 24 (the independent regions 24 are divided on the oxide layer 22 by laser etching process), and each region is configured with an independent high-voltage generating unit 25 (voltage adjustable range 5-30 kV, integrated in the built-in cavity of the edge of the decontamination electrode module 2, fixed by potting glue) connected to the control module 6 through flexible wires.

[0035] In an embodiment of the present application, referring to Figure 1 , the back surface of the photovoltaic panel body 3 is provided with a back plate 5, and the back plate 5 is mounted with a power generation sheet; the control module 6 comprises a power supply interface and a control interface, the power supply interface is connected with the power generation sheet, the control interface is connected with the high-voltage connection port 26 of the decontamination electrode module 2 and the driving end of the adjusting blade 38 and the direct current fan 33 of the airflow generating device 7; and the control module 6 is fixed at the lower right corner of the main shell 8.

[0036] The bismuth telluride thermoelectric generator (utilizing the 58-15℃ temperature difference between the photovoltaic panel surface and the back panel + supercapacitor (energy storage capacity ≥500F)) powers the system through a DC-DC conversion circuit, achieving energy recovery. The specific control module 6 includes a supercapacitor, and the power interface is connected to the electrode lead-out terminals of the generator (welded to the positive and negative terminals of the generator) via wires. The control interface is also connected to the decontamination electrode module 2 and the airflow generator 7 via flexible wires. The generator is attached to the corresponding mounting surface on the back panel 5 with thermally conductive adhesive. The thermoelectric generator has a self-powering rate of over 70%, and the energy consumption for a single cleaning cycle is <0.01kWh / ㎡. There is no power generation loss during cleaning, and it also has a heat dissipation function, improving the overall efficiency of the photovoltaic system by 15%-20%.

[0037] refer to Figure 4 The control module 6 includes a sensing unit, a microprocessor, a drive module, and an energy module. The sensing unit (dust concentration sensor / transmittance sensor / temperature and humidity sensor / wind speed sensor are all embedded inside the gold frame body 1, and the CNN image acquisition module is fixed to the upper left corner of the frame body 1). The image acquisition module has a waterproof shell and is connected to the microprocessor via an SPI interface. The dust concentration sensor (model GP2Y1010AU0F) is connected via an ADC interface. The transmittance sensor (model TSL2591) is connected via an I2C interface. The microprocessor is mounted on a heat sink within the integrated compartment of control module 6, with a shielding cover; "dirty-environment-cleaning mode" mapping model (built-in software module). The drive module (installed in the same compartment as the microprocessor and connected via soldering to the PCB board); the partition electrode voltage adjustment circuit receives signals from the microprocessor through the GPIO port and outputs an adjustable voltage of 5-30kV; the PWM fan speed control circuit (connected via the PWM interface and outputs a 0-100% duty cycle signal); and the PTC heater drive circuit (controlled by a relay and receives switching signals from the microprocessor). Energy module; Bismuth telluride thermoelectric generator (installed in) Figure 1 On the backplane 5, it is connected to the DC-DC conversion circuit via AWG22 wires; supercapacitor (model EDLC 500F, soldered to the PCB board of the integrated compartment of control module 6, used for energy storage); DC-DC conversion circuit (model TPS61200, soldered to the PCB board, input 3-12V, output 5V / 12V stable voltage). Interface labeling: SPI / I2C / ADC / GPIO (signal interface), AWG22 (wire specification), → (signal / power flow direction).

[0038] Each sensor in the sensing unit is connected to the microprocessor through a corresponding interface (SPI / I2C / ADC) to transmit detection data in real time. The microprocessor outputs control signals to the drive module through GPIO ports, including: outputting voltage regulation signals to the partition electrode voltage regulation circuit, outputting PWM speed regulation signals to the PWM fan speed regulation circuit, and outputting relay switching signals to the PTC heater drive circuit. Power connection: The unstable voltage (3-12V) output by the thermoelectric generator is transmitted to the DC-DC conversion circuit through AWG22 wires, and after being regulated, it outputs 5V / 12V. The stable voltage is divided into two paths: one path directly powers the microprocessor and sensing unit, and the other path charges the supercapacitor; When the thermoelectric power generation is insufficient, the supercapacitor automatically discharges, and the system power supply is maintained through the DC-DC conversion circuit. The microprocessor, drive module, supercapacitor, and DC-DC conversion circuit are all soldered and fixed on the PCB board in the integrated compartment of control module 6. The PCB board is fixed to the heat dissipation substrate by copper pillars to ensure heat dissipation and mechanical stability.

[0039] In one embodiment of the present invention, a mounting groove is provided on the inner side of the frame body 1, and a PTC heater is provided in the mounting groove.

[0040] By incorporating a PTC heater in the airflow channel, icing is prevented under low-temperature conditions.

[0041] refer to Figure 2 The connecting component includes a connecting port 26, which is fixedly connected to the high-voltage generating unit 25; a first wire 27 is connected to the connecting port 26, and the other end of the first wire 27 is connected to the control module 6; an ear piece 28 is installed on the connecting port 26. Figure 2 The markings in the text only indicate the setting position of the ear piece), and the ear piece 28 is connected to the frame body 1.

[0042] Connection port 26 is a high-voltage connection port 26 (gold-plated terminal, soldered to the output end of high-voltage generating unit 25); the first wire 27 (with shielding layer, one end soldered to connection port 26, the other end connected to the interface of control module 6 via aviation plug) is a flexible wire, and a slot is provided on the frame body 1. The ear pieces 28 are located at the four corners of the cleaning electrode module 2. The ear pieces 28 are engaged with the slot by buckles. The bottom of the cleaning electrode module 2 is attached and fixed to the tempered glass on the upper surface of the photovoltaic panel body 3 by optical adhesive. A silicone sealing layer 29 is provided on the edge (covering the edge of the cleaning electrode module 2 and the connection of the ear pieces 28 to prevent water ingress and condensation).

[0043] The sensing unit includes a dust concentration sensor, a light transmittance sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, a wind speed sensor, and an image acquisition module.

[0044] Step 1: Specifically, the sensing unit collects parameters such as dust concentration, light transmittance, ambient temperature and humidity, and wind speed (cycle time 10 minutes); the image acquisition module uses a CNN (convolutional neural network) module to capture images of the surface of the photovoltaic panel body 3, classifies and identifies 6 types of pollutants (dry dust, sticky bird droppings, oil stains, leaves, mud and sand, and salt spray), and outputs the pollution type and pollution level; the dust concentration sensor, light transmittance sensor, temperature and humidity sensor, and wind speed sensor are embedded inside the frame body 1. The image acquisition module has a waterproof shell and is connected to the microprocessor of the control module 6 (mounted on the heat dissipation substrate at the location of the control module 6, with a shielding cover) through the SPI interface; the integrated design and intelligent monitoring reduce the annual maintenance cost to only 1 / 5 of that of traditional mechanical cleaning, and the total life cycle cost is reduced by more than 50%.

[0045] Step 2: Based on the "dirt-environment-cleaning mode" mapping model, the microprocessor triggers the following mode, with the following judgment logic: Light pollution mode (judgment conditions: dust concentration <5g / ㎡, light transmittance decrease <5%): only the airflow generator 7 of the annular jet is activated, the wind speed is adjusted to 5-8m / s, the cleaning time is 8-10s, and there is no need to activate the decontamination electrode module 2, thus reducing energy consumption; Moderate pollution mode (judgment conditions: 5g / ㎡≤dust concentration<15g / ㎡, 5%≤light transmittance decrease<10%): Start the "airflow pretreatment + electrostatic main cleaning" sequence coordination, first blow at a wind speed of 15-20m / s for 10s (removing large particles), then adjust the zone electrode voltage according to the pollutant type (dust 20-25kV, silt 18-22kV), and simultaneously maintain an airflow of 8-12m / s, cleaning time 15-20s; Heavy pollution mode (judgment conditions: dust concentration ≥15g / ㎡, light transmittance decrease ≥10%): Initiate the three-stage full process of "pretreatment - main cleaning - finishing". Pretreatment (20-25m / s wind speed, 15s) → main cleaning (zone electrodes precisely adjust the voltage according to the pollutant type: bird droppings 18kV, oil stains 12-15kV, synchronous 12-15m / s airflow, 20-30s) → finishing (return to 18-20m / s wind speed, 10s to completely blow away pollutants); the time-series coordination mechanism + precise pollutant adaptation improves the cleaning efficiency by 40% compared to single airflow / electrostatic technology, the removal rate of stubborn pollutants is >98%, and the light transmittance is restored to more than 95%.

[0046] Extreme Environment Adaptation Mode: Low temperature mode (judgment condition: ambient temperature < 0℃): start the PTC heater in the airflow channel to preheat the airflow to 5-8℃, and then execute the corresponding pollution level cleaning process to avoid ice formation on the surface of the photovoltaic panel body 3. High humidity mode (judgment condition: ambient humidity > 60%): The voltage of the decontamination electrode module 2 is automatically reduced by 30%, and the airflow speed is simultaneously increased to 20-25m / s to achieve dehumidification, avoid electrode condensation and short circuit, and extend the cleaning time by 5-10s; Sleep mode (judgment conditions: rainy weather, light transmittance decrease <3% and dust concentration <3g / ㎡): The system stops active cleaning and uses natural rainwater to assist in cleaning. Data is collected only once every 30 minutes to reduce standby power consumption; it can operate stably from -40℃ to 70℃ and is suitable for arid deserts, coastal high humidity, and plateau low temperature scenarios.

[0047] Step 3: Collaborative Cleaning Execution Phase Module linkage: The microprocessor synchronously controls the working sequence of each component through the drive module (belonging to control module 6, installed in the same compartment as the microprocessor, and connected by soldering on the PCB board) to ensure that the airflow and the decontamination electrode module 2 are precisely coordinated, and to avoid the decrease in cleaning efficiency due to the disorder of the timing; including the partition motor voltage regulation circuit, PWM fan speed control circuit and PTC heater drive circuit.

[0048] Angle adaptation: Based on the installation tilt angle of the photovoltaic module (15°-45°), the airflow outlet angle is automatically adjusted (0-30°) by the motor body (stepper motor) to ensure that the airflow acts vertically on the photovoltaic panel surface and improve the pollutant removal effect; Synergistic heat dissipation: During the cleaning process, the high-speed airflow in the airflow channel simultaneously flows through the back panel 5 of the photovoltaic panel body 3, carrying away the heat from the back panel 5, thereby reducing the operating temperature of the photovoltaic panel body 3 by 3-5℃, indirectly improving the power generation efficiency by 2%-3%; Step 4: Energy Management Phase Priority power supply: Priority is given to the electrical energy generated by the bismuth telluride thermoelectric generator, which is then regulated by a DC-DC converter circuit to supply power to each module; Energy storage backup: When the thermoelectric power generation is insufficient (such as at night or on cloudy days), it automatically switches to supercapacitor power supply to ensure that necessary cleaning operations are performed normally; Energy consumption control: The power of each module is dynamically adjusted according to the pollution level. When the pollution is light, the power of the airflow generator is reduced to below 5W, and when the pollution is heavy, it is temporarily increased to 10W to balance the cleaning effect and energy consumption. The unstable voltage (3-12V) output by the generator is transmitted to the DC-DC converter circuit through AWG22 wires, and after being regulated, it outputs 5V / 12V. The stable voltage is divided into two paths: one path directly powers the microprocessor and sensing unit, and the other path charges the supercapacitor; When the thermoelectric power generation is insufficient, the supercapacitor automatically discharges, maintaining the system power supply through the DC-DC conversion circuit.

[0049] The microprocessor, driver module, supercapacitor, and DC-DC conversion circuit are all soldered and fixed on the PCB board inside the control module 6. The PCB board is fixed to the heat dissipation substrate by copper pillars to ensure heat dissipation and mechanical stability.

[0050] Step 5: Feedback Adjustment and Fault Early Warning Stage Effect detection: Within 1 minute after cleaning, the light transmittance sensor collects data again to determine whether the light transmittance recovery has reached the preset threshold (≥95%). Supplementary cleaning: If the threshold is not reached, the system will automatically analyze the reasons for the failure to meet the standards (such as pollutant residue or improper parameter adaptation), adjust the wind speed / static voltage / cleaning duration, and perform one supplementary cleaning; if the standards are still not met after supplementary cleaning, it will be judged as severe stubborn pollution, and the pollution type and environmental parameters will be recorded. Fault warning: The system monitors the working status of each module in real time (airflow speed, electrode voltage, thermoelectric power generation, sensor signal). If any abnormality occurs (such as wind speed below 30% of the set value, electrode short circuit, sensor failure), the corresponding module will stop working immediately and send a fault alarm (including fault location and abnormal parameters) through the built-in communication unit to facilitate accurate maintenance by operation and maintenance personnel.

[0051] The triggering of each process node is dominated by the microprocessor in control module 6, which is achieved by receiving sensor data, calling the built-in model, and outputting control signals. All hardware actions of the execution node are triggered by the drive module: airflow-related actions are driven by the PWM fan speed control circuit to drive the airflow generator 7, electrostatic-related actions are driven by the partition electrode voltage adjustment circuit to drive the decontamination electrode module 2, and extreme environment adaptation is driven by the PTC heater drive circuit to drive the PTC heater. The core logic of feedback adjustment is as follows: the light transmittance sensor collects data after cleaning, transmits it to the microprocessor for comparison with the threshold, and if the threshold is not met, the drive module is triggered again to perform supplementary cleaning to ensure the cleaning effect.

[0052] A photovoltaic self-cleaning method, based on the aforementioned photovoltaic self-cleaning system, includes: The sensing unit collects environmental data and photovoltaic panel data. Based on the collected environmental data and photovoltaic panel data, control module 6 determines the pollution level; The activation of the decontamination electrode module 2 and the airflow generator 7 is controlled according to the pollution level.

[0053] Based on the pollution level, the activation of the decontamination electrode module 2 and the airflow generator 7 is controlled, including: When the pollution level is light pollution, start the airflow generator 7 and operate it at the first-level speed; When the pollution level is moderate, start the airflow generator 7 and run it at the second speed, and start the decontamination electrode module 2; When the pollution level is severe, start the airflow generator 7 and run it at level three speed, and start the decontamination electrode module 2.

[0054] Based on laboratory test data: Cleaning efficiency: Removal rate of different pollutants (dry dust 99.2%, bird droppings 98.5%, oil stains 97.8%), light transmittance recovery rate (95%-97.2%). Energy consumption parameters: energy consumption per cleaning cycle (0.008-0.01 kWh / ㎡), output power of thermoelectric generator (5-8W), supercapacitor endurance (5 consecutive cleaning cycles on cloudy days); Environmental adaptability: -40℃ to 70℃ temperature cycle test (720 hours of continuous operation without failure), 85% humidity condensation test (168 hours of operation without short circuit).

[0055] Simulation Analysis Report: Airflow field simulation: Wind speed distribution cloud map on the surface of photovoltaic panel (uniformity error <10%). Electrostatic field simulation: zoned electrode voltage distribution (5-30kV adjustable, electric field uniformity >85%). Thermoelectric energy simulation: Efficiency curves of thermoelectric power generation under different light intensities.

[0056] Field test data: Real-world testing across multiple scenarios: data from six consecutive months of operation in desert (Ningxia), coastal areas (Qingdao), industrial zones (Tangshan), and plateaus (Qinghai), with an average cleaning frequency of 2-3 times per week and an increase in power generation efficiency of 12%-18%; Comparative Test: Energy Consumption / Efficiency / Maintenance Cost Comparison Table with Mechanical Cleaning Robot and Single Electrostatic Cleaning System.

[0057] Economic benefit analysis: Cost breakdown: material costs (30% lower than mechanical cleaning solutions), installation costs, and maintenance costs; Profitability calculation: Cost reduction of more than 50% over the whole life cycle (25 years), investment payback period of less than 2.5 years, and annual additional revenue of ≥8 million yuan for large power plants (100MW).

[0058] Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic self-cleaning system, characterized in that, It includes a main housing (8) on which the photovoltaic panel body (3) is installed and a control module (6), the control module (6) being installed on the main housing (8); a frame body (1) is installed above the photovoltaic panel body (3), and a sensing unit is installed on the frame body (1); An airflow channel is formed inside the frame body (1), and an airflow generating device (7) is installed on the frame body (1); the airflow generating device (7) is connected to the airflow channel; A cleaning electrode module (2) is installed on the photovoltaic panel body (3); the control module (6) is connected to the cleaning electrode module (2) and the airflow generator (7).

2. The photovoltaic self-cleaning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The airflow generating device (7) includes a housing and a filter module (32); one end of the housing has an air inlet and the other end of the housing has an air outlet; the filter module (32) is installed inside the housing at one end of the air inlet. Inside the housing, a DC fan (33), a venturi tube (35), and an annular jet cavity (36) are installed sequentially from the end of the filter module (32) away from the air inlet; an adjusting blade (38) is installed inside the housing near the air outlet, and a flange (41) is installed outside the air outlet; a motor body (39) is provided outside the housing near the air outlet, and the output end of the motor body (39) is connected to the adjusting blade (38); The flange (41) is sealed to the airflow channel.

3. The photovoltaic self-cleaning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The decontamination electrode module (2) includes a glass substrate (21), on which an oxide layer (22) is deposited, and an anti-fouling coating (23) is coated. The oxide layer (22) is divided into multiple independent regions (24); each independent region (24) is provided with a high voltage generating unit (25); the high voltage generating unit (25) is provided with a connecting component, which is connected to the frame body (1).

4. A photovoltaic self-cleaning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The back of the photovoltaic panel body (3) is provided with a back plate (5), and a power generation cell is installed on the back plate (5); the control module (6) includes a power interface and a control interface. The power interface is connected to the power generation cell, and the control interface is connected to the decontamination electrode module (2) and the airflow generator (7).

5. A photovoltaic self-cleaning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner side of the frame body (1) is provided with an installation groove, and a PTC heater is provided in the installation groove.

6. A photovoltaic self-cleaning system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The DC fan (33) includes a fan mounting base (34), and the venturi tube (35) is integrally formed with the fan mounting base (34).

7. A photovoltaic self-cleaning system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The connecting component includes a connecting port (26), which is fixedly connected to the high voltage generating unit (25); a first wire (27) is connected to the connecting port (26), and the other end of the first wire (27) is connected to the control module (6); an ear piece (28) is installed on the connecting port (26), and the ear piece (28) is connected to the frame body (1).

8. A photovoltaic self-cleaning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensing unit includes a dust concentration sensor, a light transmittance sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, a wind speed sensor, and an image acquisition module.

9. A photovoltaic self-cleaning method, based on a photovoltaic self-cleaning system according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, include: The sensing unit collects environmental data and photovoltaic panel data (3); Based on the collected environmental data and photovoltaic panel data, the control module (6) determines the pollution level; The activation of the decontamination electrode module (2) and the airflow generator (7) is controlled according to the pollution level.

10. A photovoltaic self-cleaning method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The activation of the decontamination electrode module (2) and the airflow generator (7) is controlled according to the pollution level, including: When the pollution level is light pollution, start the airflow generator (7) and run it at the first speed; When the pollution level is moderate, start the airflow generator (7) and run at the second speed, and start the decontamination electrode module (2). When the pollution level is severe, start the airflow generator (7) and run at level three speed, and start the decontamination electrode module (2).

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