Stabilized fabric

Abstract

A fabric is described herein that includes a first fiber oriented in a first direction, a second fiber oriented in a second direction, and a stitching thread that maintains the first and second fibers in their respective orientations, where the second direction is different from the first direction, the first fiber includes glass fiber and / or carbon fiber, and the second fiber is a textured yarn.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a fabric containing glass fiber and / or carbon fiber, in particular a fabric useful for combination with reinforcing elements in structural parts such as wind turbine blades or related parts such as spark caps. In particular, the present invention relates to a non-shrinking fabric containing glass fiber and / or carbon fiber together with a processing yarn. The present invention also relates to the use of a processing yarn for stabilizing a non-shrinking fabric.

Background Art

[0002] It is known to form a reinforcing fabric using glass fiber and / or carbon fiber to reinforce a structural part such as a wind turbine blade or a related part (for example, a spark cap).

[0003] Structural parts including a reinforcing fabric (reinforced structural parts) are often formed by stacking the reinforcing fabric in layers in a mold, filling the mold with a resin, and curing the resin to form the part. This process can be time-consuming. Attempts have been made to improve the manufacturing efficiency of reinforced structural parts, which include forming a pre-cut reinforcing fabric and a laminate of the pre-cut reinforcing fabric before assembling the reinforced structural parts. However, difficulties have been found with respect to the handleability and stability of the reinforcing fabric, especially when transporting a laminate of the pre-cut reinforcing fabric. Such difficulties with respect to the handleability and stability of the reinforcing fabric can lead to deformation of the fabric, which in turn may require additional effort to correct the dimensions of the fabric and reorient the fabric layers. In addition to an increase in lay-up time, problems with respect to the handleability and stability of the reinforcing fabric can increase waste of the fabric or have an adverse effect on the mechanical performance of the structural part.

[0004] The use of wind power and wind turbines is attracting increasing attention as the search for alternative energy sources continues. As interest grows in generating more energy from wind, technological advancements in the art have enabled an increase in the size of wind turbine blades. Increasing the size of wind turbine blades also increases the time required to manufacture the wind turbine blades.

[0005] To enable improving the manufacturing efficiency of wind turbine blades or related components, it is desirable to provide a reinforcing fabric that has dimensional stability and is resistant to handling. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0006] Most generally, the present invention provides a non-shrinking fabric that includes glass fibers and / or carbon fibers in combination with a textured yarn.

[0007] The inventors have found that the present invention enables the provision of a fabric that is easy to handle and dimensionally stable and is useful in the manufacture of wind turbine blades or related components. The inventors have also found that the provision of such a fabric improves the efficiency of the production of wind turbine blades or related components.

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention is a first fiber oriented in a first direction, a second fiber oriented in a second direction, a stitching thread that maintains the first and second fibers in their respective orientations, the second direction being different from the first direction, wherein the first fiber includes glass fibers and / or carbon fibers and the second fiber is a textured yarn, to provide a fabric.

[0009] In a second aspect, the present invention is a method of providing a fabric, the method comprising providing a first structural layer that includes a first fiber oriented in a first direction, the first fiber including glass fibers and / or carbon fibers, Providing a first stabilizing layer comprising second fibers oriented in a second direction, wherein the second fibers are textured yarns and the second direction is different from the first direction, Providing a method comprising stitching together a first structural layer and the first stabilizing layer using a stitching thread to form a fabric.

[0010] In a third aspect, the invention provides the use of a textured yarn, such as a textured glass yarn, to improve the stability of a non-crimp fabric comprising glass fibers and / or carbon fibers.

[0011] In a fourth aspect, the invention provides a composite article comprising a fabric as described herein.

[0012] The invention includes the aspects described herein and combinations of preferred features, except where such combinations are clearly not permitted or are explicitly avoided. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Embodiments and experiments illustrating the principles of the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1

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[0014] Next, aspects and embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Further aspects and embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. All documents referred to herein are incorporated herein by reference.

[0015] The fabric described herein may contain glass fibers. As used herein, the term "glass fiber" is used to refer to a plurality of continuous glass filaments (the term "continuous" as used herein is used to refer to fibers / filaments whose length is many times their diameter, e.g., at least about 5000 times longer than their diameter, e.g., at least about 10000 times longer than their diameter). The glass fibers used in the fabric described herein may be provided as glass fiber strands (or tows). The glass fibers described herein may have a sizing agent on their surfaces, e.g., a sizing agent applied to the glass fibers during their formation. The sizing agent can include components that facilitate the formation of the glass fibers and / or their use in the matrix resin, such as film formers, lubricants, coupling agents (to promote compatibility between the glass fibers and the resin used to form composite articles including the fabric described herein), etc. In some embodiments, the glass fibers include a polyester-compatible sizing agent or an epoxy-compatible sizing agent.

[0016] As used herein, the term "glass fiber strand" or "glass fiber tow" refers to a bundle of continuous glass filaments. In embodiments, the glass fiber strand or tow is a bundle of non-twisted glass filaments.

[0017] In embodiments, the glass fiber strand or glass fiber tow is provided from glass fiber direct roving. Glass fiber direct roving is made of a bundle of continuous non-twisted (i.e., substantially parallel or parallel) glass filaments, is combined into a single strand (when the glass filaments are formed), and is wound onto a bobbin.

[0018] Any suitable glass reinforcing fiber can be employed as the glass fiber described herein, for example, as the first fiber and / or the fourth fiber. For example, glass fibers made from E glass, E-CR glass (such as Advantex™ glass fiber available from Owens Corning), C glass, H glass, S glass, and AR glass types can be used.

[0019] In an embodiment, the glass fibers referred to herein (e.g., the first fiber and / or the third fiber and / or the fourth fiber that can include, consist essentially of, or consist of glass fibers) have a linear mass density in the range of about 50 tex to about 5000 tex, such as about 200 tex to about 4800 tex, about 300 tex to about 2500 tex, about 300 tex to about 2400 tex, or about 600 tex to about 1200 tex.

[0020] The term "texturized yarn" refers to a fiber, such as a strand of glass fiber, that includes, consists essentially of, or consists of a bundle of continuous filaments (e.g., an unbonded bundle of continuous filaments) that have been textured in a turbulent stream of compressed air. A schematic cross-section of a "texturized yarn", e.g., a texturized glass yarn, is shown in FIG. 1.

[0021] The term "texturized glass yarn" refers to a strand of glass fiber that includes, consists essentially of, or consists of a bundle of continuous glass filaments (e.g., an unbonded bundle of continuous glass filaments) that have been textured in a turbulent stream of compressed air. The glass filaments forming the texturized glass yarn can be made from E glass, E-CR glass (such as Advantex™ glass), H glass, S glass, or AR glass types. An example of a suitable texturized glass yarn is ECT9 T140 K252C (available from Vetrotex™). A schematic cross-section of a "texturized glass yarn" is shown in FIG. 1.

[0022] FIG. 1 shows a bulky portion B, e.g., a diameter d BShown is a bulked portion B having a textured yarn, such as a textured glass yarn 104a. When a bundle of continuous filaments (e.g., a bundle of continuous glass filaments such as a strand of glass filaments) passes through a turbulent flow of compressed air, a bulked portion B of the textured yarn, such as a textured glass yarn, is formed. The textured yarn shown in FIG. 1, such as the textured glass yarn 104a, has a bulked portion B having a diameter dB that is interspersed with a non-bulked portion S having a diameter d S The diameter d S may correspond to the minimum diameter of the textured yarn, such as the textured glass yarn. The diameter dB may be at least 10% greater than the minimum diameter of the textured yarn, such as the textured glass yarn. Thus, in an embodiment, a "textured yarn" (e.g., a textured glass yarn) refers to a strand of fibers (e.g., a strand of glass fibers) that includes a plurality of bulked portions, and for example, the bulked portions are formed when the strand of fibers is exposed to a turbulent flow of compressed air. The diameter d B or d S of the strand of the textured yarn (e.g., the textured glass yarn) can be determined by placing the strand of the textured yarn in a straight line on a flat surface without applying tension to the textured yarn and measuring the diameter of the bulked or non-bulked portion using a measuring gauge, for example, by measuring the width of the textured yarn perpendicular to the length of the textured yarn. The minimum diameter can be interpreted as the minimum diameter of a given length of the textured yarn (e.g., the textured glass yarn), such as the minimum diameter in a 10 cm length of the textured yarn (e.g., the textured glass yarn), or the minimum diameter of the textured yarn (e.g., the textured glass yarn) along the length of the textured yarn in a fabric.

[0023] The fabric described herein may contain carbon fibers. As used herein, the term "carbon fiber" is used to refer to a plurality of continuous carbon filaments (the term "continuous" as used herein is used to refer to a fiber / filament whose length is many times its diameter, e.g., a fiber / filament that is at least about 5000 times longer than its diameter, e.g., at least about 10000 times longer than its diameter). The carbon fibers used in the fabric described herein may be provided as carbon fiber tows (or strands) that are bundles of continuous carbon filaments. The carbon fibers described herein may have a sizing agent on their surfaces, e.g., the carbon fibers have a sizing agent applied to them during the formation of the fibers. The sizing agent can include components that facilitate the formation of the carbon fibers and / or their use in the matrix resin, such as film-forming agents, lubricants, coupling agents (to promote compatibility between the carbon fibers and the resin used to form composite articles including the fabric described herein). In some embodiments, the carbon fibers include a polyester-compatible sizing agent or an epoxy-compatible sizing agent.

[0024] In embodiments, the carbon fibers (if present) have a linear mass density in the range of about 100 tex to about 5000 tex, e.g., about 200 tex to about 5000 tex, about 400 tex to about 5000 tex, about 600 tex to about 5000 tex, about 800 tex to about 5000 tex, about 100 tex to about 4800 tex, about 200 tex to about 4800 tex, about 400 tex to about 4800 tex, about 600 tex to about 4800 tex, about 800 tex to about 4800 tex, about 100 tex to about 2400 tex, about 200 tex to about 2400 tex, about 400 tex to about 2400 tex, about 100 tex to about 2000 tex, about 200 tex to about 2000 tex, about 400 tex to about 2000 tex, about 600 tex to about 2000 tex, about 800 tex to about 2000 tex, or about 1200 tex.

[0025] In an embodiment, carbon fibers (when present) are provided by carbon fiber tows (strands of carbon fibers). In an embodiment, the carbon fiber tows have a size in the range of 6K to 50K, such as 6K to 24K, or 6K to 12K. For example, the first fiber may be supplied from one or more carbon fiber tows having a size in the range of 6K to 50K, such as 6K to 24K, or 6K to 12K. The designation #K means that the carbon tow is composed of #×1,000 individual carbon filaments, i.e., a carbon fiber tow having a size of 6K is made of approximately 6,000 carbon fiber filaments / fiber.

[0026] The present invention provides a fabric including a first fiber oriented in a first direction and a second fiber oriented in a second direction. The fabric is a non-shrinking fabric, and the first fiber and the second fiber are maintained within their respective orientations by stitching threads (the first fiber and the second fiber are not woven together, i.e., the non-shrinking fabric is a non-woven fabric).

[0027] In an embodiment, the second direction is within a range of about 0 degrees to about 90 degrees with respect to the first direction. For example, the second direction is within a range of about 10 degrees to about 90 degrees with respect to the first direction, within a range of about 15 degrees to about 90 degrees with respect to the first direction, within a range of about 25 degrees to about 90 degrees with respect to the first direction. For example, the second direction may be within a range of about 30 degrees to about 90 degrees with respect to the first direction, within a range of about 45 degrees to about 90 degrees with respect to the first direction.

[0028] In an embodiment, the fabric is about 200 g / m 2 ~ about 2500 g / m 2 、such as about 300 g / m 2 ~ about 2000 g / m 2 、about 400 g / m 2 ~ about 2000 g / m 2 、about 400 g / m 2 ~ about 1500 g / m 2 、about 500 g / m 2 ~ about 1500 g / m 2 、about 500 g / m 2 ~ about 1300 g / m 2 、or about 750 g / m2 ~about 2500 g / m 2 and has an areal weight in the range of. The areal weight of the fibrous fabric can be determined in accordance with ISO 3374.

[0029] In an embodiment, the first fibers oriented in the first direction include glass fibers and / or carbon fibers. In an embodiment, the first fibers oriented in the first direction include glass fibers. In an embodiment, the first fibers oriented in the first direction include carbon fibers. In an embodiment, the first fibers include, consist essentially of, or consist of glass fibers. In an embodiment, the first fibers are glass fibers. In an embodiment, the first fibers include, consist essentially of, or consist of glass fibers and / or carbon fibers.

[0030] The fabric includes first fibers oriented in a first direction, and the first fibers include glass fibers and / or carbon fibers.

[0031] The fabric includes second fibers oriented in a second direction, and the second fibers are textured yarns, such as textured glass yarns.

[0032] In an embodiment, the fabric includes third fibers oriented in a third direction and / or fourth fibers oriented in a fourth direction.

[0033] In an embodiment, the fabric is a first structural layer including first fibers oriented in a first direction, a first stabilizing layer including second fibers oriented in a second direction, and stitching threads that maintain the first and second fibers in their respective orientations, wherein the second direction is different from the first direction.

[0034] In an embodiment, the fabric is a first structural layer including first fibers oriented in a first direction, a first stabilizing layer including second fibers oriented in a second direction, a second stabilizing layer comprising third fibers oriented in a third direction and / or a second structural layer comprising fourth fibers oriented in a fourth direction, and a suture for maintaining the first, second, third, and / or fourth fibers in their respective orientations, the second direction being different from the first direction.

[0035] In embodiments, the fabric comprises a first structural layer comprising first fibers oriented in a first direction, a first stabilizing layer comprising second fibers oriented in a second direction, a second stabilizing layer comprising third fibers oriented in a third direction, and a suture for maintaining the first, second, and third fibers in their respective orientations, the second direction being different from the first direction and optionally the third direction being different from the first and second directions.

[0036] In embodiments, the fabric comprises a first structural layer comprising first fibers oriented in a first direction, a first stabilizing layer comprising second fibers oriented in a second direction, a second structural layer comprising fourth fibers oriented in a fourth direction, and a suture for maintaining the first, second, and fourth fibers in their respective orientations, the second direction being different from the first direction and optionally the fourth direction being different from the second direction.

[0037] In embodiments, the fabric comprises a first structural layer comprising first fibers oriented in a first direction, a first stabilizing layer comprising second fibers oriented in a second direction, a second stabilizing layer comprising third fibers oriented in a third direction, a second structural layer comprising fourth fibers oriented in a fourth direction, and a suture for maintaining the first, second, third, and fourth fibers in their respective orientations, the second direction being different from the first direction and optionally the second and third directions being different from the first and fourth directions.

[0038] In an embodiment, the fabric includes, consists essentially of, or consists of a first structural layer including first fibers oriented in a first direction.

[0039] In an embodiment, the fabric includes, consists essentially of, or consists of a first stabilizing layer including second fibers oriented in a second direction, i.e., textured yarns oriented in the second direction.

[0040] In an embodiment, the fabric includes, consists essentially of, or consists of a second stabilizing layer including third fibers oriented in a third direction.

[0041] In an embodiment, the fabric includes, consists essentially of, or consists of a second structural layer including fourth fibers oriented in a fourth direction.

[0042] In an embodiment, the fabric includes the first structural layer, the first stabilizing layer, the second stabilizing layer, and the second structural layer. In an embodiment, at least one of the first and second stabilizing layers is disposed between the first and second structural layers. In an embodiment, the first and second stabilizing layers are disposed between the first structural layer and the second structural layer. In an embodiment, the first stabilizing layer is disposed between the first structural layer and the second structural layer, and the second structural layer is disposed on the second stabilizing layer. In an embodiment, the second stabilizing layer is disposed between the first structural layer and the second structural layer, and the second structural layer is disposed on the first stabilizing layer.

[0043] In an embodiment, the second direction is different from the first direction and the fourth direction. In an embodiment, the second direction is different from the first direction and the fourth direction, and the first direction and the fourth direction are different by at least 45°. In an embodiment, the second direction is the same as or different from the third direction. In an embodiment, the third direction is different from the first direction. In an embodiment, the third direction is different from the first direction and the fourth direction. In an embodiment, the third direction is different from the first direction and the fourth direction, and the first direction and the fourth direction are different by at least 45°. In an embodiment, the third direction is different from the first direction and the fourth direction, and the first direction and the fourth direction are different by at least 45°. In an embodiment, the first, second, third, and fourth directions are all different from each other.

[0044] In an embodiment, the fabric comprises a first structural layer including first fibers oriented in a first direction, a first stabilizing layer including second fibers oriented in a second direction, a second stabilizing layer including third fibers oriented in a third direction, a second structural layer including fourth fibers oriented in a fourth direction, and stitching threads that maintain the first, second, third, and fourth fibers in their respective orientations, wherein the second and third directions are different from the first and fourth directions, and optionally, the second and third directions are different from each other, and / or the first and fourth directions are different from each other.

[0045] The fabric described herein has a fabric length defined by the fabric manufacturing direction. In an embodiment, the fabric length (by the fabric manufacturing direction) is aligned with the stitching direction of the stitching threads. The fabric length may be described as the "0° direction of the fabric".

[0046] In an embodiment, at least one of the second direction and the third direction is substantially perpendicular to the fabric length, i.e., to the 0° direction of the fabric. In an embodiment, the second direction is substantially perpendicular to the fabric length, i.e., to the 0° direction of the fabric.

[0047] In an embodiment, the fabric is a biaxial fabric including a first structural layer and a second structural layer, and the first direction is different from the fourth direction. In an embodiment, the fabric includes a first structural layer and a second structural layer, the first direction is within a range of greater than 0° to about 90° with respect to the 0° direction of the fabric, and the fourth direction is within a range of about 0° to about -90° with respect to the 0° direction of the fabric. In an embodiment, the fabric includes a first structural layer and a second structural layer, the first direction is within a range of about 10° to less than about 90° with respect to the 0° direction of the fabric, and the fourth direction is within a range of about -10° to less than about -90° with respect to the 0° direction of the fabric. In an embodiment, the fabric includes a first structural layer and a second structural layer, the first direction is within a range of about 45° to about 89° with respect to the 0° direction of the fabric, and the fourth direction is within a range of about -45° to about -89° with respect to the 0° direction of the fabric.

[0048] In an embodiment, the fabric is a first structural layer including first fibers oriented in a first direction, a first stabilizing layer including second fibers oriented in a second direction, a second stabilizing layer including third fibers oriented in a third direction, a second structural layer including fourth fibers oriented in a fourth direction, and stitching threads that maintain the first, second, third, and fourth fibers in their respective orientations, the first direction is within a range of about 45° to less than about 90° (e.g., about 45° to about 89°) from the 0° direction of the fabric, the fourth direction is within a range of about -45° to less than about -90° (e.g., about -45° to about -89°) from the 0° direction of the fabric, the second direction is substantially perpendicular to the 0° direction of the fabric, and the third direction is substantially aligned with the 0° direction of the fabric.

[0049] The phrase "substantially perpendicular to the 0° direction of the fabric" may be used herein to refer to a direction within a range of about + / -88° to about 90° with respect to the 0° direction of the fabric, e.g., a direction within a range of about + / -89° to about 90° with respect to the 0° direction of the fabric.

[0050] The phrase "substantially aligned in the 0° direction of the fabric" can be used herein to refer to a direction within a range of about -1° to about 1° with respect to the 0° direction of the fabric, or a direction aligned with the 0° direction of the fabric.

[0051] In embodiments, the first fiber and / or the fourth fiber comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of glass fiber and / or carbon fiber.

[0052] In embodiments, the first fiber and / or the fourth fiber comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of glass fiber having a linear mass density in the range of, for example, about 200 tex to about 4800 tex, about 300 tex to about 2500 tex, about 300 tex to about 2400 tex, or about 600 tex to about 1200 tex.

[0053] In embodiments, the second fiber is a textured yarn, for example, a textured glass yarn, such as the textured yarn as described above (for example, the textured yarn as described above in relation to FIG. 1). In embodiments, the textured glass yarn has a linear mass density in the range of about 30 tex to about 500 tex, for example, about 50 tex to about 300 tex, about 68 tex to about 280 tex, about 70 tex to about 300 tex, about 70 tex to about 200 tex, or about 50 tex to about 140 tex.

[0054] In an embodiment, the "textured yarn" refers to a strand of fibers including a plurality of bulged portions. For example, the bulged portions are formed when the fiber strand is exposed to turbulent compressed air. In an embodiment, the bulged portions of the textured yarn are at least 10% larger than the minimum diameter of the textured yarn, for example, at least 15% larger, at least 20% larger, at least 30% larger, at least 40% larger, at least 50% larger, at least 70% larger, at least 80% larger, at least 100% larger, at least 150% larger, or at least 200% larger, and are portions of the textured yarn having a diameter (for example, having non-bulged portions of the textured yarn with a diameter smaller than the minimum diameter of the bulged portions). The diameter of the portion of the textured yarn may be measured perpendicular to the length of the yarn. The minimum diameter of the textured yarn may be defined as the minimum diameter of the textured yarn for a given portion of the textured fiber, for example, the minimum diameter of the textured yarn at a 10 cm length of the textured yarn, or the minimum diameter of the textured yarn along the length of the textured yarn in a fabric.

[0055] In an embodiment, the textured yarn (for example, textured glass yarn) has a minimum diameter of less than about 5 mm, for example, less than about 4 mm, less than about 3 mm, less than about 2 mm, or less than or equal to about 1 mm. In an embodiment, the textured yarn (for example, textured glass yarn) has a minimum diameter in the range of about 0.1 mm to about 5 mm, for example, about 0.2 mm to about 4 mm, about 0.3 mm to about 3 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 1.5 mm, or about 0.7 mm to about 1.2 mm, or about 0.8 mm to about 1 mm.

[0056] In an embodiment, the textured yarn (e.g., textured glass yarn) includes a plurality of bulged portions, and each bulged portion has a diameter that is at least 10% greater (e.g., at least 15% greater, at least 20% greater, at least 30% greater, at least 40% greater, at least 50% greater, at least 70% greater, at least 80% greater, at least 100% greater, at least 150% greater, or at least 200% greater) than the minimum diameter of the textured yarn. In an embodiment, the textured yarn (e.g., textured glass yarn) includes a plurality of bulged portions, and each bulged portion has a diameter in the range of 10% to 600%, 20% to 300%, or 20% to 250% greater than the minimum diameter of the textured yarn. In an embodiment, the textured yarn (e.g., textured glass yarn) includes a plurality of bulged portions, and each bulged portion has a diameter that is at least 10% greater (e.g., at least 15% greater, at least 20% greater, at least 30% greater, at least 40% greater, at least 50% greater, at least 70% greater, at least 80% greater, at least 100% greater, at least 150% greater, or at least 200% greater) than the minimum diameter of the textured yarn, and includes 2 to 30 (e.g., 2 to 25, 3 to 30, or 5 to 15) bulged portions per 10 cm of the length of the textured yarn. In an embodiment, the textured yarn (e.g., textured glass yarn) includes a plurality of bulged portions, and each bulged portion has a diameter that is at least 10% greater (e.g., at least 15% greater, at least 20% greater, at least 30% greater, at least 40% greater, at least 50% greater, at least 70% greater, at least 80% greater, at least 100% greater, at least 150% greater, or at least 200% greater) than the minimum diameter of the textured yarn, and includes approximately 2 to approximately 30, e.g., approximately 3 to approximately 30, approximately 2 to approximately 25, or approximately 5 to approximately 15 bulged portions per 10 cm of the length of the textured yarn. The number of bulged portions per 10 cm of the length of the textured yarn can be determined by placing the strands of the textured yarn (e.g., strands of the textured glass yarn) in a straight line on a flat surface without applying tension to the textured yarn and counting the number of bulged portions present in a 10 cm length of the textured yarn, where the bulged portions are as defined herein.

[0057] In an embodiment, the textured yarn (e.g., textured glass yarn) includes a plurality of bulged portions, and each bulged portion has a diameter that is at least 10% greater (e.g., at least 15% greater, at least 20% greater, at least 30% greater, at least 40% greater, at least 50% greater, at least 70% greater, at least 80% greater, at least 100% greater, at least 150% greater, or at least 200% greater) than the minimum diameter of the textured glass yarn. The bulged portions of the textured glass yarn constitute at least 10%, e.g., at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, or at least 50% of the textured yarn length.

[0058] In an embodiment, the textured yarn (e.g., textured glass yarn) includes at least about 2, e.g., at least about 3 or at least about 5 bulged portions (e.g., the bulged portions described herein) per 10 cm length of the textured yarn. In an embodiment, the textured yarn (e.g., textured glass yarn) includes a maximum of about 30, e.g., a maximum of about 25, a maximum of about 20, or a maximum of about 15 bulged portions (e.g., the bulged portions described herein) per 10 cm length of the textured yarn. In an embodiment, the textured yarn (e.g., textured glass yarn) includes from about 2 to about 30, e.g., from about 2 to about 25, from about 3 to about 30, from about 3 to about 20, or from about 5 to about 15 bulged portions (e.g., the bulged portions described herein) per 10 cm length of the textured yarn. The number of bulged portions per 10 cm length of the textured yarn can be determined by placing the strands of the textured yarn (e.g., the strands of the textured glass yarn) in a straight line on a flat surface without applying tension to the textured yarn and counting the number of bulged portions present in a 10 cm length of the textured yarn, where the bulged portions are as defined herein.

[0059] In an embodiment, the textured yarn (e.g., textured glass yarn) includes a plurality of bulged portions (e.g., the bulged portions described herein), and the continuous bulged portions are spaced apart by a distance in the range of about 0.5 to about 80 mm, such as about 0.5 to about 50 mm, about 0.5 to about 10 mm, or about 2 to about 8 mm. The distance between the continuous bulged portions of the textured yarn can be determined by placing the strand of the textured yarn (e.g., the strand of the textured glass yarn) in a straight line on a flat surface without applying tension to the textured yarn and measuring the distance between the end of one bulged portion (e.g., when the diameter of the bulged portion decreases to less than 110% of the minimum diameter of the textured glass yarn) and the start of the next bulged portion (e.g., when the diameter of the bulged portion increases by 10% greater than the minimum diameter of the textured glass yarn) using a measuring gauge. In an embodiment, the plurality of bulged portions of the textured yarn are regularly distributed along the textured yarn. For example, the distances between the continuous bulged portions along the textured yarn may be substantially the same (e.g., within about ±10%, within about ±5%).

[0060] In an embodiment, the textured yarn (e.g., textured glass yarn) includes a plurality of bulged portions, and each bulged portion has a diameter in the range of 10% to 600%, 20% to 300%, or 20% to 250% greater than the minimum diameter of the textured yarn (e.g., textured glass yarn).

[0061] In an embodiment, the textured yarn (e.g., textured glass yarn) includes a plurality of bulged portions, and each bulged portion has a diameter that is at least 10% greater (e.g., at least 15% greater, at least 20% greater, at least 30% greater, at least 40% greater, at least 50% greater, at least 70% greater, at least 80% greater, at least 100% greater, at least 150% greater, or at least 200% greater) than the minimum diameter of the textured yarn, and includes about 2 to about 30 (e.g., about 2 to about 25, or about 5 to about 15) bulged portions per 10 cm of the length of the textured yarn.

[0062] In an embodiment, the textured yarn (e.g., textured glass yarn) includes a plurality of bulged portions, each bulged portion having a diameter that is at least 10% greater (e.g., at least 15% greater, at least 20% greater, at least 30% greater, at least 40% greater, at least 50% greater, at least 70% greater, at least 80% greater, at least 100% greater, at least 150% greater, or at least 200% greater) than the minimum diameter of the textured yarn, and the textured yarn includes about 2 to about 30 (e.g., about 2 to about 25, or about 5 to about 15) bulged portions per 10 cm of the length of the textured yarn.

[0063] In an embodiment, the textured yarn (e.g., textured glass yarn) includes a plurality of bulged portions, each bulged portion having a diameter that is at least 10% greater (e.g., at least 15% greater, at least 20% greater, at least 30% greater, at least 40% greater, at least 50% greater, at least 70% greater, at least 80% greater, at least 100% greater, at least 150% greater, or at least 200% greater) than the minimum diameter of the textured yarn, and the textured yarn includes about 2 to about 30 (e.g., about 2 to about 25, or about 5 to about 15) bulged portions per 10 cm of the length of the textured yarn. The consecutive bulged portions of the textured yarn are spaced apart by a distance in the range of about 0.5 to about 80 mm, such as about 0.5 to about 50 mm, about 0.5 to about 10 mm, or about 2 mm to about 8 mm. In an embodiment, the bulged portions of the textured yarn are regularly distributed along the textured yarn.

[0064] In an embodiment, the textured yarn (e.g., textured glass yarn) includes a plurality of bulged portions, each bulged portion having a diameter that is at least 10% greater than the minimum diameter of the textured yarn (e.g., at least 15% greater, at least 20% greater, at least 30% greater, at least 40% greater, at least 50% greater, at least 70% greater, at least 80% greater, at least 100% greater, at least 150% greater, or at least 200% greater), and the bulged portions of the textured yarn constitute at least 10% of the length of the textured yarn, such as at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, or at least 50%.

[0065] In an embodiment, the textured yarn is a textured glass yarn, i.e., a strand of glass fibers including a plurality of bulging portions. For example, the bulging portions are formed when the strand of glass fibers is exposed to turbulent compressed air.

[0066] The second fiber is a textured glass yarn, e.g., the textured glass yarn described above (e.g., the textured glass yarn described above in connection with FIG. 1). An example of a suitable textured glass yarn is ECT9 T140 K252C (available from Vetrotex®). In embodiments, the textured glass yarn comprises glass fibers having a diameter in the range of about 5 to about 25 μm, e.g., about 9 μm to about 24 μm. In embodiments, the textured glass yarn comprises a plurality of bulged portions, each bulged portion having a diameter that is at least 10% greater (e.g., at least 15% greater, at least 20% greater, at least 30% greater, at least 40% greater, at least 50% greater, at least 70% greater, at least 80% greater, at least 100% greater, at least 150% greater, or at least 200% greater) than the minimum diameter of the textured glass yarn. In embodiments, the textured glass yarn comprises a plurality of bulged portions, each bulged portion having a diameter that is at least 10% greater (e.g., at least 15% greater, at least 20% greater, at least 30% greater, at least 40% greater, at least 50% greater, at least 70% greater, at least 80% greater, at least 100% greater, at least 150% greater, or at least 200% greater) than the minimum diameter of the textured glass yarn, and the bulged portions of the textured glass yarn constitute at least 10%, e.g., at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, or at least 50% of the length of the textured glass yarn. In embodiments, e.g., the textured glass yarn comprises a plurality of bulged portions, each bulged portion having a diameter that is at least 10% greater (e.g., at least 15% greater, at least 20% greater, at least 30% greater, at least 40% greater, at least 50% greater, at least 70% greater, at least 80% greater, at least 100% greater, at least 150% greater, or at least 200% greater) than the minimum diameter of the textured glass yarn, the textured glass yarn comprises about 2 to about 30 (e.g., about 2 to about 25, or about 5 to about 15) bulged portions per 10 cm of the length of the processed yarn, and the consecutive bulged portions of the textured glass yarn are spaced apart by a distance in the range of about 0.5 to about 80 mm, e.g., about 0.5 to about 50 mm, about 0.5 to about 10 mm, or about 2 mm to about 8 mm.

[0067] In an embodiment, the fabric includes a second stabilizing layer that includes third fibers oriented in a third direction. In an embodiment, the third fibers include, consist essentially of, or consist of glass fibers, such as glass fibers having a linear mass density in the range of about 50 tex to about 2400 tex, about 50 tex to about 1200 tex, about 50 tex to about 600 tex, about 50 tex to about 200 tex, or about 50 tex to about 140 tex.

[0068] In an embodiment, the third fibers include, consist essentially of, or consist of glass fibers. In an embodiment, the third fibers include, consist essentially of, or consist of glass fibers having a linear mass density in the range of about 50 tex to about 2400 tex, about 50 tex to about 1200 tex, about 50 tex to about 600 tex, or about 50 tex to about 140 tex. In an embodiment, the third fibers are textured yarns, such as textured glass yarns. In an embodiment, the textured glass yarns have a linear mass density in the range of about 50 tex to about 200 tex, or about 50 tex to about 140 tex.

[0069] In an embodiment, the first fibers constitute at least about 25 wt% of the total weight of the fabric. In an embodiment, the first fibers constitute about 25 wt% to about 95 wt% of the total weight of the fabric, such as about 25 wt% to about 75 wt%, or about 25 wt% to about 70 wt% of the total weight of the fabric.

[0070] In an embodiment, the first structural layer constitutes at least about 25 wt% of the total weight of the fabric. In an embodiment, the first structural layer constitutes about 25 wt% to about 95 wt% of the total weight of the fabric, such as about 25 wt% to about 75 wt%, or about 25 wt% to about 70 wt% of the total weight of the fabric.

[0071] In an embodiment, the fabric includes a second structural layer, and the second structural layer constitutes at least about 25 wt% of the total weight of the fabric. In an embodiment, the second structural layer constitutes about 25 wt% to about 75 wt%, or about 25 wt% to about 70 wt% of the total weight of the fabric.

[0072] In an embodiment, the processed yarn (e.g., processed glass yarn) constitutes up to about 25 wt%, e.g., up to about 20 wt%, up to about 15 wt%, up to about 10 wt%, up to about 8 wt%, or up to about 5 wt% of the total weight of the fabric. In an embodiment, the processed yarn (e.g., processed glass yarn) constitutes from about 0.5 wt% to about 25 wt%, e.g., from about 0.5 wt% to about 15 wt%, from about 0.5 wt% to about 10 wt%, from about 0.5 wt% to about 8 wt%, or from about 1 wt% to about 5 wt% of the total weight of the fabric.

[0073] In an embodiment, the second fiber constitutes up to about 25 wt%, e.g., up to about 20 wt%, up to about 15 wt%, up to about 10 wt%, up to about 8 wt%, or up to about 5 wt% of the total weight of the fabric. In an embodiment, the second fiber constitutes from about 0.5 wt% to about 25 wt%, e.g., from about 0.5 wt% to about 15 wt%, from about 0.5 wt% to about 10 wt%, from about 0.5 wt% to about 8 wt%, or from about 1 wt% to about 5 wt% of the total weight of the fabric.

[0074] In an embodiment, the first stabilizing layer constitutes up to about 25 wt%, e.g., up to about 20 wt%, up to about 15 wt%, or up to about 10 wt% of the total weight of the fabric. In an embodiment, the first stabilizing layer constitutes from about 0.5 wt% to about 25 wt%, e.g., from about 0.5 wt% to about 15 wt%, from about 0.5 wt% to about 10 wt%, from about 0.5 wt% to about 8 wt%, or from about 1 wt% to about 5 wt% of the total weight of the fabric.

[0075] In an embodiment, the second stabilizing layer constitutes up to about 25% by weight of the total weight of the fabric, such as up to about 20% by weight of the total weight of the fabric, up to about 15% by weight of the total weight of the fabric, or up to about 10% by weight of the total weight of the fabric. In an embodiment, the second stabilizing layer constitutes from about 0.5% by weight to about 25% by weight of the total weight of the fabric, such as from about 0.5% by weight to about 15% by weight of the total weight of the fabric, from about 0.5% by weight to about 10% by weight of the total weight of the fabric, from about 0.5% by weight to about 8% by weight of the total weight of the fabric, or from about 1% by weight to about 5% by weight of the total weight of the fabric.

[0076] In an embodiment, glass fibers (including, for example, processed glass yarns) constitute at least about 50% by weight of the total weight of the fabric, such as at least about 60% by weight of the total weight of the fabric, at least about 70% by weight of the total weight of the fabric, at least about 80% by weight of the total weight of the fabric, at least about 90% by weight of the total weight of the fabric, at least about 95% by weight of the total weight of the fabric, or at least about 98% by weight of the total weight of the fabric.

[0077] In an embodiment, the sewing thread constitutes less than about 10% by weight of the fabric, or less than about 8% by weight of the fabric. In an embodiment, the sewing thread constitutes from about 0.1% by weight to about 10% by weight of the fabric, such as from about 1% by weight to about 10% by weight of the fabric, or from about 2% by weight to about 8% by weight of the fabric.

[0078] Any suitable sewing thread can be employed. In an embodiment, the sewing thread is a polyester thread. In an embodiment, the sewing thread has a linear mass density in the range of about 50 decitex to about 300 decitex.

[0079] In an embodiment, the sewing thread forms a sewing pattern through the fabric, and the sewing pattern can be selected from a tricot sewing pattern, a symmetric double tricot sewing pattern, an asymmetric double tricot sewing pattern, a symmetric diamond sewing pattern, and an asymmetric diamond sewing pattern. In an embodiment, the sewing thread forms a sewing pattern through the fabric, and the sewing pattern is a tricot sewing pattern.

[0080] In an embodiment, the sewing thread defines a sewing length, and the sewing length is within the range of about 2 mm to about 7 mm, such as about 3 mm.

[0081] Generally, the fabric does not contain resin, that is, none of the fibers forming the fabric are pre-impregnated with resin.

[0082] FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a fabric 100 composed of a first fiber 102 (e.g., a glass fiber strand) and a second fiber (e.g., a processed glass yarn) 104. The first fiber 102 is oriented in a first direction (a 45° direction that is 45° with respect to the 0° direction of the fabric), and the second fiber is oriented in a second direction (a 90° direction that is substantially perpendicular to the length of the fabric (the 0° direction shown in FIG. 2)).

[0083] FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a fabric 100 composed of a first structural layer 110 formed from first fibers oriented in a first direction (a 45° direction that is 45° with respect to the 0° direction of the fabric), a first stabilizing layer 120 formed from second fibers oriented in a second direction (a 90° direction that is substantially perpendicular to the 0° direction of the fabric), a second stabilizing layer 130 formed from third fibers oriented in a third direction (a 0° direction aligned with the length of the fabric), and a second structural layer 140 formed from fourth fibers oriented in a fourth direction (a -45° direction that is -45° with respect to the length direction of the fabric). In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the first and second stabilizing layers 120, 130 are disposed between the first and second structural layers 110, 140. As described herein, alternative configurations are possible.

[0084] In an embodiment, the fabric described herein may be impregnated with resin, and the resin may be cured to form a composite article.

Examples

[0085] The following exemplify examples of the fabric and related aspects described herein. Accordingly, these examples should not be regarded as limiting the present disclosure, but rather as merely teaching a method of practicing the present disclosure and obtaining a product.

[0086] Comparative Example 1 A biaxial fabric was manufactured by providing a first structural layer composed of glass fibers oriented in the 45° direction, a first stabilizing layer composed of glass fibers oriented in the 0° direction (i.e., along the length of the fabric), a second stabilizing layer composed of glass fibers oriented in the 90° direction (i.e., perpendicular to the length of the fabric), and a second structural layer composed of glass fibers oriented in the -45° direction.

[0087] The first structural layer was formed by providing a strand of 1200 tex glass fibers supplied from direct roving (Advantex (trademark) E-CR glass fibers with an epoxy resin compatible sizing agent, the filaments of the glass fibers having a diameter of 17 μm), the strands of glass fibers being aligned in the 45° direction, and the first structural layer containing 2.91 glass fiber strands per centimeter (measured perpendicular to the first direction).

[0088] The first stabilizing layer was formed by providing a strand of 68 tex glass fibers (E-glass with an epoxy resin compatible sizing agent, the filaments of the glass fibers having a diameter of less than 19 μm), the strands of glass fibers being aligned in the 0° direction, and the first stabilizing layer containing 0.30 glass fiber strands per centimeter.

[0089] The second stabilizing layer was formed by providing a strand of 68 tex glass fibers (E-glass with an epoxy resin compatible sizing agent, the filaments of the glass fibers having a diameter of less than 19 μm) oriented 90° to the fibers of the first stabilizing layer, and the second stabilizing layer containing 0.30 glass fiber strands per centimeter.

[0090] The second structural layer is formed by providing strands of 1200 tex glass fiber supplied from direct roving (Advantex™ E-CR glass fiber with an epoxy resin compatible sizing agent, the filaments of the glass fiber having a diameter of 17 μm), the strands of glass fiber being aligned in the -45° direction, and the second structural layer containing 2.91 glass fiber strands per cm.

[0091] The fringe of the fabric formed by the glass fiber strands was cut mechanically to less than 10 mm.

[0092] The first and second stabilizing layers (layers 2 and 3 in Table 1) were placed between the first and second structural layers (layers 1 and 4 in Table 1), and the fabric layers were ordered to be stitched together using a 7.6 tex polyester sewing thread with a chain stitch pattern having a stitch length of 2.6 mm.

[0093] The total areal weight of the fabric was 998 g / m 2 .

[0094] Example 2 A biaxial fabric was manufactured by providing a first structural layer composed of glass fibers oriented in the 45° direction, a first stabilizing layer composed of processed glass yarns oriented in the 90° direction (i.e., perpendicular to the length of the fabric), a second stabilizing layer composed of glass fibers oriented in the 0° direction (i.e., along the length of the fabric), and a second structural layer composed of glass fibers oriented in the -45° direction.

[0095] The first structural layer is formed by providing strands of 1200 tex glass fiber supplied from direct roving (Advantex™ E-CR glass fiber with an epoxy resin compatible sizing agent, the filaments of the glass fiber having a diameter of 17 μm), the strands of glass fiber being aligned in the 45° direction, and the first structural layer containing 2.91 glass fiber strands per cm (measured perpendicular to the first direction).

[0096] The first stabilizing layer is formed by providing a 140 tex textured glass yarn (textured E-glass yarn ECT9 T140 K252C (manufactured by Vetrotex™) with an epoxy resin compatible sizing agent) oriented at 90° with respect to the 0° direction of the fabric, and the first stabilizing layer contains 0.30 glass fiber strands (textured glass yarn) per centimeter. The textured glass yarn used had a minimum diameter of 0.9 mm and had 12 bulges per 10 cm (each bulge had a diameter d greater than at least 10% of the minimum diameter of the yarn (i.e., greater than 1 mm)). B It is determined as the length of the yarn having (for example, as shown in FIG. 1, measured perpendicular to the length of the yarn). The textured glass yarn used contained 12 bulges per 10 cm, and the bulges of the textured glass yarn constituted more than 50% of the length of the textured glass yarn.

[0097] The second stabilizing layer is formed by providing strands of 68 tex glass fiber (E-glass with an epoxy resin compatible sizing agent, the filaments of the glass fiber having a diameter of less than 19 μm), the strands of glass fiber are aligned in the 0° direction, and the second stabilizing layer contained 0.30 glass fiber strands per centimeter.

[0098] The second structural layer is formed by providing strands of 1200 tex glass fiber supplied from direct roving (Advantex™ E-CR glass fiber with an epoxy resin compatible sizing agent, the filaments of the glass fiber having a diameter of 17 μm), the strands of glass fiber are aligned in the -45° direction, and the second structural layer contains 2.91 glass fiber strands per centimeter.

[0099] The first and second stabilizing layers (layers 2 and 3 in Table 1) are arranged between the first and second structural layers (layers 1 and 4 in Table 1), and the fabric layers are ordered to be stitched together using a 7.6 tex polyester sewing thread with a chain stitch pattern having a stitch length of 2.6 mm.

[0100] The total area weight of the fabric was 1000 g / m 2 2.

[0101] Example 3 A biaxial fabric was produced as described in Example 2, except that the order of the first stabilizing layer and the second structural layer was reversed so that the second stabilizing layer (layer 2 in Table 1) was disposed between the first and second structural layers (layers 1 and 3 in Table 1), and the second structural layer (layer 3 in Table 1) was disposed on the first stabilizing layer (layer 4 in Table 1).

[0102] Example 4 A biaxial fabric was produced as described in Example 2, except that the first stabilizing layer was formed by providing 0.16 glass fiber strands per cm of 140 tex textured glass yarn (textured E-glass yarn ECT9 T140 K252C (manufactured by Vetrotex™)) oriented at 90° to the fibers of the first stabilizing layer.

[0103] The total area weight of the fabric was 998 g / m 2 2.

[0104] The fabrics of Comparative Example 1 and Examples 2 to 4 are summarized in Table 1 below. Layers 1 to 4 referred to in the table specify the order of the layers (numbered from top to bottom) used in each of the examples, with layer 1 being the top layer and layer 4 being the bottom layer.

[0105] [Table 1]

[0106] The different components and the area weight of the fabric were determined according to ISO 3374.

[0107] Fabric stability The stability of various biaxial fabrics was tested using several fabric winding and unwinding strategies.

[0108] The fabric of the example was unwound, and a 2-meter sample was cut from each fabric. Next, the 2-meter sample was rewound onto a cardboard tube with an outer diameter of 95 mm. To test the level of deformation, the width of the sample was measured before and after rewinding at several specified points (5 cm, 50 cm, 100 cm, 150 cm, and 195 cm).

[0109] Figure 4 is a graph showing the results of an unwinding test without inversion performed on four different samples (Comparative Example 1 to Example 4). These results were obtained by taking three test samples from each roll and subjecting them to the test method. Next, the average width increase per measurement point was obtained. As can be observed, all the fabrics of Example 2 to 4 showed an increase in stability compared to the fabric of Comparative Example 1. It can be concluded that the use of the textured yarn provides a substantial improvement in the dimensional stability of the fabric.

[0110] These tests demonstrate the ability of the textured yarn to improve the dimensional stability and handleability of non-shrinking fabrics, particularly biaxial non-shrinking fabrics. It should be noted that the inventors have observed similar improvements for unidirectional fabrics containing the textured yarn as described herein.

[0111] Conventionally, those skilled in the art attempting to provide non-shrinking fabrics would select fibers and fiber positions to optimize the fiber arrangement expected to optimize the mechanical properties of the non-shrinking fabric. Thus, the use of textured yarns in non-shrinking fabrics such as those described herein runs counter to the understanding of those skilled in the art of how non-shrinking fabrics should be manufactured (not all of the fibers in the textured yarn are aligned (see, for example, FIG. 1), and this non-alignment of the fibers in the textured yarn allows for the necessary bulk of the textured yarn). Even more surprisingly, the use of the textured yarn in the fabrics described herein actually improves the dimensional stability and handling resistance of the fabric.

[0112] Effect on Leaching Characteristics To ensure that the use of the textured yarn does not have a harmful effect on different fabric properties, the leaching characteristics were also investigated.

[0113] Cross-sectional thickness (CPT) The CPT test measures the resin uptake by the fabric. The focus of this test is to measure the thickness of the obtained leached plate as well as the glass weight fraction of the plate. For this test, a 20-layer fabric with dimensions of 60×60 cm is completely leached with resin.

[0114] Two different fabrics, Comparative Example 1 and Example 2, were evaluated using the CPT test with an epoxy resin. The results shown in Table 2 indicate that the resin uptake does not change significantly due to the presence of the textured yarn. Furthermore, it was observed that the fabric containing the textured glass yarn exhibited an excellent leaching time.

[0115]

Table 2

[0116] In-plane leaching test (IPIT) The IPIT test measures the distance covered by the resin over time. The resin flow front (distance) is recorded at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 26, 32, 38, 44, 50, 55, and 60 minutes. The distance the resin has traveled through the fabric is called the leaching length. The measured length against the leaching time is used as a measure of the leaching rate of the fabric. The IPIT test can be used to compare the leaching rates of different fabrics as long as the other test parameters are substantially the same.

[0117] Two different fabrics, Comparative Example 1 and Example 2, were evaluated using the IPIT test with an epoxy resin in the 90° orientation direction (along the length of the textured yarn). The results of the IPIT test are similar to those of the CPT test, demonstrating that the fabrics described in this specification exhibit excellent leaching characteristics.

Claims

1. A first fiber oriented in a first direction, A second fiber oriented in a second direction, A suture for maintaining the first and second fibers in their respective orientations, wherein the second direction is different from the first direction, A fabric in which the first fiber comprises glass fiber and / or carbon fiber, and the second fiber is a processed yarn.

2. The fabric according to claim 1, wherein the processed yarn constitutes about 0.5% to about 10% by weight of the fabric.

3. The fabric according to claim 1, wherein the processed yarn is processed glass yarn.

4. The woven fabric according to claim 1, wherein the processed yarn has a minimum diameter of less than approximately 4 mm.

5. The fabric according to claim 1, wherein the processed yarn includes a plurality of bulky portions, each bulky portion having a diameter at least 10% larger than the minimum diameter of the processed glass yarn.

6. The fabric according to claim 5, wherein the bulky portion of the processed yarn constitutes at least 10% of the length of the processed glass yarn.

7. The fabric according to claim 5, wherein the processed yarn includes a bulky portion of about 2 to about 30 per 10 cm length of processed glass yarn.

8. The fabric according to claim 5, wherein the processed yarn includes a plurality of bulky portions, and the continuous bulky portions of the processed yarn are spaced apart by a distance in the range of approximately 0.5 to approximately 80 mm.

9. The fabric according to claim 1, wherein the second direction is greater than 0 degrees to about 90 degrees of the first direction.

10. The area weight of the aforementioned fabric is approximately 400 g / m². 2 ~Approx. 2500g / m 2 The textile according to claim 1.

11. The textile according to claim 1, wherein glass fibers constitute at least about 50% by weight of the total weight of the textile.

12. A first structural layer comprising the first fibers oriented in the first direction, A first stabilizing layer comprising the second fibers oriented in the second direction, The fabric according to claim 1, comprising a second stabilizing layer containing third fibers oriented in a third direction, and / or a second structural layer containing fourth fibers oriented in a fourth direction.

13. The fabric according to claim 12, comprising the second structural layer, wherein the first stabilizing layer is disposed between the first structural layer and the second structural layer, and the first and fourth directions are different from the second direction.

14. The fabric according to claim 12, comprising the second structural layer, wherein the second structural layer is disposed between the first structural layer and the first stabilizing layer, and the first and fourth directions are different from the second direction.

15. The textile according to claim 12, wherein the first direction is within approximately 45° to approximately 89° of the 0° direction of the textile, the fourth direction is within approximately -45° to approximately -89° of the 0° direction of the textile, the second direction is substantially perpendicular to the 0° direction of the textile, and the third direction is substantially aligned with the 0° direction of the textile.

16. A method for providing textiles, To provide a first layer comprising first fibers oriented in a first direction, wherein the first fibers comprise glass fibers and / or carbon fibers, The present invention provides a second layer comprising second fibers oriented in a second direction, wherein the second fibers are processed yarns, and the second direction is different from the first direction. A method comprising sewing the first layer and the second layer together using suture thread to form the aforementioned fabric.

17. Use of processed yarn to improve the stability of non-crimped fabrics containing glass fibers and / or carbon fibers.

18. A composite article comprising the textile described in any one of claims 1 to 15.

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