Simultaneous Multi-Panel Uplink Data Transmission

Abstract

A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may receive configuration information indicating a first SRS resource set and a second SRS resource set. The WTRU may receive a first DCI including a first UL grant. The first DCI may include a first instruction to transmit simultaneously using multiple panels. The first DCI may include a second instruction associating each of the multiple panels with a respective one of the first or second SRS resource sets for the first UL grant. The second instruction may indicate that the first SRS resource set should be used for a first transmission using the first panel and the second SRS resource set should be used for a second transmission using the second panel, or vice versa. The WTRU may transmit a first transmission over the first panel and a second transmission over the second panel simultaneously according to the first and second instructions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] (Cross - Reference to Related Applications) This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 334,874, filed Apr. 26, 2022, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 394,808, filed Aug. 3, 2022, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein.

Background Art

[0002] Mobile devices can communicate wirelessly, for example, via a cellular network. Mobile devices can also communicate with multiple transmit / receive points by transmitting and receiving from one or more panels. Generally, the term panel can be used to refer to one or more antennas and / or one or more antenna arrays used for transmission and / or reception. Transmission and reception between a device (e.g., a mobile device) having multiple panels and a transmit / receive point can be improved. The techniques described herein include methods and systems for communicating between a device having multiple panels for transmission and reception and a transmit / receive point.

Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present disclosure generally relates to devices, methods, and systems for wireless communication. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to using multiple panels for the uplink of transmitted data. For example, the present disclosure provides, among other things, a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) configured to dynamically determine a subset of antenna panels for simultaneous multi-panel (SMP) transmission. The WTRU may be configured to dynamically select antenna ports for non-SMP and SMP operation modes. The WTRU may be configured to send a random access channel (or procedure) (Random Access Channel, RACH) with SMP according to a preamble index. The WTRU may be configured to determine an SMP operation mode, as well as one or more associated sounding reference signal (Sounding Reference Signal, SRS) resource indicators (SRS Resource Indicator, SRI), transmission / transmit precoding matrix indicators (Transmission / Transmit Precoding Matrix Indicator, TPMI), and the number of layers per panel. The WTRU may be configured to dynamically select one or more physical uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel, PUSCH) scrambling identification information according to the SMP operation mode. The WTRU may be configured to apply a power scaling factor when transmitting in SMP.

[0004] A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) can have and / or utilize multiple panels (e.g., any number of panels greater than or equal to two) for transmission and / or reception with a transmission / reception point (TRP). The WTRU has a processor programmed to have executable instructions stored in a memory. The executable instructions cause the WTRU to include in an uplink transmission an indication that the WTRU has a plurality of panels that can be used for one or modes of simultaneous multi-panel (SMP) transmission. This indication may indicate that the WTRU can transmit on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) using multiple panels. The WTRU can determine from a downlink transmission whether it has received an indication that it is scheduled for transmission on one or more of the WTRU panels on the PUSCH. The WTRU can determine an SMP operation mode for transmission on the PUSCH. For example, the WTRU can determine the SMP operation mode based on one or more explicit indications received in a downlink transmission that schedules the PUSCH transmission (e.g., in downlink control information (DCI) including an uplink grant) and / or based on one or more pre-configured parameters. The WTRU can determine one or more associated sounding reference signal (SRS) resource indicators (SRI), one or more associated transmit precoding matrix indicators (TPMI), and / or the number of layers to use for transmission based on the determined SMP operation mode. For example, the WTRU may determine one or more SRI, TPMI, and / or the number of layers for each panel used for transmission based on the determined SMP operation mode.

[0005] The WTRU processor can be programmed to have executable instructions for determining, from one or more downlink transmissions, a first PUSCH scrambling parameter for a first panel and a second PUSCH scrambling parameter for a second panel. The WTRU can determine the first and / or second PUSCH scrambling parameters based on the determined SMP operation mode. The WTRU may apply the first scrambling parameter to PUSCH transmissions associated with the first panel and the second scrambling parameter to PUSCH transmissions associated with the second panel.

[0006] The WTRU processor can be programmed to have executable instructions for adjusting the power of the first and second panels based on determining a power scaling factor to adjust the power allocation between the first panel and the second panel. The WTRU can apply the power scaling factor to adjust the power allocation between the first panel and the second panel for transmissions from the first panel and the second panel.

[0007] The WTRU can have a processor programmed to have executable instructions for determining whether to operate in a non-SMP operation mode or an SMP operation mode based on a first antenna panel, a second antenna panel, and downlink control information received from the network. In the non-SMP operation mode, the WTRU transmits from either the first or second antenna panel at a first time, and in the SMP operation mode, transmits from the first and second antenna panels at a second time.

[0008] The WTRU can have a processor programmed to have executable instructions for dynamically determining a subset of panels for SMP transmissions, for dynamically determining the selection of antenna ports for non-SMP and SMP operation modes, and / or for determining to send a RACH using SMP based on a preamble index.

[0009] A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may include a processor configured to receive configuration information indicating a first sounding reference signal (SRS) resource set and a second SRS resource set. The WTRU may receive first downlink control information (DCI) including a first UL grant. The first DCI may include a first indication for simultaneous transmission using a plurality of panels. The first DCI may include a second indication associating each of the plurality of panels with a respective one of the first or second SRS resource sets for the first UL grant. The second indication may indicate that the first SRS resource set should be used for a first transmission using the first panel and that the second SRS resource set should be used for a second transmission using the second panel. Alternatively, the second indication may indicate that the second SRS resource set should be used for the first transmission using the first panel and that the first SRS resource set should be used for the second transmission using the second panel. The WTRU may be configured to transmit (e.g., simultaneously) a first transmission via the first panel and a second transmission via the second panel in accordance with the first and second indications.

[0010] In some examples, the configuration information may indicate a first scrambling ID associated with a first panel and / or a second scrambling ID associated with a second panel. A first transmission using the first panel may use a first scrambling sequence determined based on the index of the first panel and the first scrambling ID, and a second transmission using the second panel may use a second scrambling sequence determined based on the index of the second panel and the second scrambling ID. The first scrambling sequence may be initialized with the index of the first panel, and the second scrambling sequence may be initialized with the index of the second panel. In some examples, a first transmission using the first panel may use a first precoder based on a first number of layers associated with the first panel, and / or a second transmission using the second panel may use a second precoder based on a second number of layers associated with the second panel.

[0011] In some examples, the first DCI may further include a third indication that associates the first precoder with the first number of layers and the second precoder with the second number of layers. In some examples, the first SRS resource set may correspond to a first spatial filter, and / or the second SRS resource set may correspond to a second spatial filter. Finally, in some examples, the WTRU may be configured to determine a power scaling factor to adjust the power allocation between the first panel and the second panel and apply the power scaling factor to adjust the power allocation between the first panel and the second panel.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0012] A more detailed understanding can be obtained from the following description given by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals in the figures indicate like elements.

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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0013] FIG. 1A is a diagram illustrating an exemplary communication system 100 in which one or more of the disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communication system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc. to a plurality of wireless users. The communication system 100 may enable a plurality of wireless users to access such content through sharing of system resources including wireless bandwidth. For example, the communication system 100 may use one or more channel access methods such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero-tail unique-word DFT-Spread OFDM (ZT UW DTS-s OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block filtered OFDM, filter bank multicarrier (FBMC).

[0014] As shown in FIG. 1A, communication system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, RAN 104 / 113, CN 106 / 115, public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, Internet 110, and other networks 112, although the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. By way of example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, any of which may be referred to as a “station” and / or “STA,” may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and may be a user equipment (UE), mobile station, fixed subscriber unit or mobile subscriber unit, subscriber-based unit, wireless call, cellular phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), smartphone, laptop, netbook, personal computer, wireless sensor, hotspot or Mi-Fi device, Internet of Things (IoT) device, watch or other wearable, head-mounted display (HMD), vehicle, drone, medical device and application (e.g., for remote surgery), industrial device and application (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or automated processing chain context), home appliance device, device operating in a commercial wireless network and / or industrial wireless network, etc. Any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may be interchangeably referred to as a UE.

[0015] The communication system 100 may also include base station 114a and / or base station 114b. Each of base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as CN106 / 115, the Internet 110, and / or other network 112. By way of example, base stations 114a, 114b may be a base transceiver station (BTS), Node B, eNode B, Home Node B, Home eNode B, gNB, NR Node B, a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, etc. Although base stations 114a, 114b are depicted as single elements, it will be understood that base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0016] Base station 114a can be part of RAN 104 / 113 and can also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), a relay node, etc. Base station 114a and / or base station 114b can be configured to transmit and / or receive radio signals at one or more carrier frequencies, which can be referred to as a cell (not shown). These frequencies can be in the licensed spectrum, the unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of the licensed and unlicensed spectra. The cell can provide wireless service coverage to a specific geographic area that can be relatively fixed or can change over time. The cell can be further divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with base station 114a can be divided into three sectors. Thus, in one embodiment, base station 114a can include three transceivers, i.e., one transceiver for each sector of the cell. In one embodiment, base station 114a can employ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology and can utilize multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell. For example, beamforming can be used to transmit and / or receive signals in a desired spatial direction.

[0017] Base stations 114a, 114b can communicate with one or more of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d via air interface 116, which can be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, millimeter wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). Air interface 116 can be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0018] More specifically, as described above, the communication system 100 can be a multiple access system and can use one or more channel access methods such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, etc. For example, the base stations 114a within RAN104 / 113 and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement radio technologies such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which can use wideband CDMA (WCDMA) to establish the air interfaces 115 / 116 / 117. WCDMA can include communication protocols such as High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA can include High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High-Speed UL Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0019] In one embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement radio technologies such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which can use Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) and / or LTE-Advanced Pro (LTE-A Pro) to establish the air interface 116.

[0020] In one embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement radio technologies such as NR radio access, which can use New Radio (NR) to establish the air interface 116.

[0021] In one embodiment, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement LTE radio access and NR radio access together, for example, using the dual connectivity (DC) principle. Thus, the air interface utilized by WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by transmissions sent between multiple types of radio access technologies and / or multiple types of base stations (e.g., eNBs and gNBs).

[0022] In other embodiments, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement wireless technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity (WiFi)), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), IS-95, IS-856, Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), etc.

[0023] The base station 114b in FIG. 1A can be, for example, a wireless router, a home node B, a home eNode B, or an access point, and can utilize any suitable RAT to facilitate wireless connectivity in a local area such as an office, a home, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an aerial corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a road, etc. In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d can implement a wireless technology such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d can implement a wireless technology such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In yet another embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d can utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.) to establish a pico cell or a femto cell. As shown in FIG. 1A, the base station 114b can have a direct connection to the Internet 110. Thus, the base station 114b may not need to access the Internet 110 via the CN 106 / 115.

[0024] RAN 104 / 113 can communicate with CN 106 / 115, which can be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, application, and / or voice over internet protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data can have various quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as different throughput requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, etc. CN 106 / 115 can provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, prepaid calls, internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or implement high-level security functions such as user authentication. Although not shown in Figure 1A, it will be understood that RAN 104 / 113 and / or CN 106 / 115 can communicate directly or indirectly with other RANs that employ the same or a different radio access technology (RAT) as RAN 104 / 113. For example, in addition to being connected to RAN 104 / 113, which can utilize New Radio (NR) wireless technology, CN 106 / 115 can also communicate with another RAN (not shown) using GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or WiFi wireless technology.

[0025] CN106 / 115 may also serve as a gateway for WTRU102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. The PSTN108 may include a circuit-switched telephone network that provides a plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices, and these networks and devices use common communication protocols such as the transmission control protocol (TCP), the user datagram protocol (UDP), and / or the internet protocol (IP) of the TCP / IP internet protocol suite. The network 112 may include a wired communication network and / or a wireless communication network that is owned and / or operated by another service provider. For example, the network 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs that may use the same RAT or a different RAT as the RAN104 / 113.

[0026] Some or all of the WTRU102a, 102b, 102c, 102d within the communication system 100 may include multimode capabilities (e.g., the WTRU102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks via different wireless links). For example, the WTRU102c shown in FIG. 1A may be configured to communicate with a base station 114a that may employ a cellular-based wireless technology and a base station 114b that may employ IEEE802 wireless technology.

[0027] Figure 1B is a system diagram illustrating an exemplary WTRU 102. As shown in Figure 1B, the WTRU 102 can include, among other things, a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, a non-removable memory 130, a removable memory 132, a power supply 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other peripheral devices 138. It will be understood that the WTRU 102 can include any partial combination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with one embodiment.

[0028] The processor 118 can be a general-purpose processor, a dedicated processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, etc. The processor 118 can perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other function that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 can be coupled to the transceiver 120, which can be coupled to the transmit / receive element 122. Although Figure 1B depicts the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 as separate components, it will be understood that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 can be integrated together in an electronic package or chip.

[0029] The transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit signals to or receive signals from a base station (e.g., base station 114a) via the air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In one embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an emitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive, for example, IR signals, UV signals, or visible light signals. In yet another embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF signals and optical signals. It will be understood that the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0030] The transmit / receive element 122 is depicted in FIG. 1B as a single element, but the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. More specifically, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals via the air interface 116.

[0031] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate signals transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and demodulate signals received by the transmit / receive element 122. As noted above, the WTRU 102 may have a multimode function. Thus, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers to enable the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs such as, for example, NR and IEEE 802.11.

[0032] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to the speaker / microphone 124, keypad 126, and / or display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit), and may receive data input by a user therefrom. The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, keypad 126, and / or display / touchpad 128. In addition, the processor 118 may access information from and store data in any suitable type of memory, such as the non-removable memory 130 and / or the removable memory 132. The non-removable memory 130 may include a random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory stick, secure digital (SD) memory card, etc. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information from and store data in a memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as on a server or home computer (not shown).

[0033] The processor 118 may receive power from the power supply 134 and may be configured to distribute power to and / or control the power of other components within the WTRU 102. The power supply 134 may be any suitable device for supplying power to the WTRU 102. For example, the power supply 134 may include one or more dry cells (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, etc.

[0034] Processor 118 may also be coupled to a GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to, or instead of, information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) via the air interface 116 and / or may determine its location based on the timing of signals received from two or more nearby base stations. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may obtain location information by any suitable location determination method while remaining consistent with one embodiment.

[0035] Processor 118 may further be coupled to other peripheral devices 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules that provide additional features, functionality, and / or wired or wireless connections. For example, the peripheral devices 138 may include an accelerometer, an electronic compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photos and / or videos), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands-free headset, a Bluetooth® module, a frequency modulated (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an Internet browser, a Virtual Reality / Augmented Reality (VR / AR) device, an activity tracker, etc. The peripheral devices 138 may include one or more sensors, which may be one or more of a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a Hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor, a geolocation sensor, an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, and / or a humidity sensor.

[0036] The WTRU 102 may include a full-duplex radio in which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals associated with a particular subframe (e.g., for both UL (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception)) may be parallel and / or simultaneous. The full-duplex radio may include an interference management unit 139 to reduce and / or substantially eliminate self-interference, either via hardware (e.g., a choke) or via signal processing through a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or processor 118). In one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with a particular subframe for either UL (e.g., for transmission) or downlink (e.g., for reception)).

[0037] FIG. 1C is a system diagram illustrating RAN 104 and CN 106, according to one embodiment. As described above, the RAN 104 may employ E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c via the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also communicate with the CN 106.

[0038] The RAN 104 may include eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c, although it should be understood that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNodeBs while remaining consistent with one embodiment. Each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c may include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c via the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, the eNodeB 160a may, for example, transmit wireless signals to and / or receive wireless signals from the WTRU 102a using multiple antennas.

[0039] Each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, and 160c can be associated with a specific cell (not shown) and can be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and / or DL, etc. As shown in Figure 1C, the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, and 160c can communicate with each other via the X2 interface.

[0040] The CN 106 shown in Figure 1C may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (or PGW) 166. Although each of the foregoing elements is depicted as part of the CN 106, it will be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0041] The MME 162 can be connected to each of the eNodeBs 162a, 162b, and 162c in the RAN 104 via the S1 interface and can function as a control node. For example, the MME 162 can authenticate users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, activate / deactivate bearers, select a specific serving gateway during the initial attach of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, etc. The MME 162 can provide control plane functions for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0042] SGW 164 can be connected to each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, and 160c in RAN 104 via the S1 interface. SGW 164 can generally route and transfer user data packets between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c. SGW 164 can perform other functions, such as the function of anchoring the user plane during handover between eNodeBs, the function of triggering paging when DL data is available to the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, and the function of managing and storing the contexts of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c.

[0043] SGW 164 can be connected to PGW 166, and PGW 166 can provide access to a packet-switched network such as the Internet 110 to the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c to facilitate communication between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0044] CN 106 can facilitate communication with other networks. For example, CN 106 can provide access to a circuit-switched network such as PSTN 108 to the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c to facilitate communication between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c and conventional landline communication devices. For example, CN 106 can include or communicate with an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that functions as an interface between CN 106 and PSTN 108. In addition, CN 106 can provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to another network 112, which can include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0045] The WTRU is described as a wireless terminal in FIGS. 1A - 1D, but in certain representative embodiments, it is contemplated that such a terminal can use a wired communication interface (e.g., temporarily or permanently) with a communication network.

[0046] In an exemplary embodiment, the other network 112 can be a WLAN.

[0047] A WLAN in infrastructure basic service set (BSS) mode can have an access point (AP) of the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP can have access or an interface to another type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic entering and / or exiting the distribution system (DS) or BSS. Traffic destined for an STA that originates outside the BSS can reach and be sent to the STA through the AP. Traffic originating from an STA and destined for a destination outside the BSS can be sent to the AP so as to be sent to their respective destinations. Traffic between STAs within the BSS can be sent, for example, through the AP, where the source STA can send the traffic to the AP and the AP can send the traffic to the destination STA. Traffic between STAs within the BSS can be considered and / or referred to as peer-to-peer traffic. Peer-to-peer traffic can be sent between the source STA and the destination STA (e.g., directly between them) using direct link setup (DLS). In a particular exemplary embodiment, the DLS can use 802.11e DLS or 802.11z tunneled DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using independent BSS (IBSS) mode may not have an AP, and STAs within or using the IBSS (e.g., all STAs) can communicate directly with each other. The IBSS mode of communication can be referred to herein as the "ad hoc" communication mode.

[0048] When using the 802.11ac infrastructure operation mode or a similar operation mode, the AP may transmit beacons on a fixed channel such as the primary channel. The primary channel can be of a fixed width (e.g., a 20 MHz bandwidth) or a width dynamically set via signaling. The primary channel can be the operating channel of the BSS, but can also be used by the STA to establish a connection with the AP. In certain representative embodiments, for example, in an 802.11 system, Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA / CA) can be implemented. In the case of CSMA / CA, STAs including the AP (e.g., any STA) can sense the primary channel. If the primary channel is detected / determined to be busy by a particular STA, the particular STA can back off. Only one STA (e.g., only one station) can transmit at any given time in a given BSS.

[0049] A High Throughput (HT) STA can use a 40 MHz wide channel for communication, and this 40 MHz wide channel can be formed, for example, via a combination of a primary 20 MHz channel and an adjacent or non - adjacent 20 MHz channel.

[0050] A Very High Throughput (VHT) STA can support channels with widths of 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and / or 160 MHz. A 40 MHz and / or 80 MHz channel can be formed by combining multiple adjacent 20 MHz channels. A 160 MHz channel can be formed by combining eight consecutive 20 MHz channels or by combining two non - adjacent 80 MHz channels, which can be referred to as an 80 + 80 configuration. In the case of the 80 + 80 configuration, after channel encoding, the data can pass through a segment parser that can divide the data into two streams. The Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) process and time - domain processing can be performed separately on each stream. The streams can be mapped to two 80 MHz channels, and the data can be transmitted by the transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the operations described above for the 80 + 80 configuration can be reversed, and the combined data can be sent to the Medium Access Control (MAC).

[0051] The sub-1GHz operating mode is supported by 802.11af and 802.11ah. The channel operating bandwidth and carrier frequency are reduced in 802.11af and 802.11ah compared to those used in 802.11n and 802.11ac. 802.11af supports bandwidths of 5MHz, 10MHz, and 20MHz in the TV White Space (TVWS) spectrum, and 802.11ah supports bandwidths of 1MHz, 2MHz, 4MHz, 8MHz, and 16MHz using non-TVWS spectrum. According to an exemplary embodiment, 802.11ah may support meter type control / machine type communication such as MTC devices within a macro communication range area. The MTC device may have limited capabilities including certain capabilities, e.g., support for a particular and / or limited bandwidth (e.g., support only therefor). The MTC device may include a battery having a battery life exceeding a threshold (e.g., to maintain a very long battery life).

[0052] A WLAN system that supports multiple channels and channel bandwidths such as 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah includes channels that can be designated as primary channels. The primary channel may have a bandwidth equal to the maximum common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel can be set and / or restricted by an STA from among all STAs operating in a BSS that supports the minimum bandwidth operation mode. In an example of 802.11ah, the primary channel is 1 MHz wide for an STA (e.g., an MTC type device) that supports the 1 MHz mode (e.g., supports only that) even when the AP and other STAs in the BSS support 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, 16 MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operation modes. Carrier sensing and / or Network Allocation Vector (NAV) setting may depend on the status of the primary channel. For example, due to an STA transmitting to an AP (supporting only the 1 MHz operation mode), when the primary channel is in operation, most of the frequency band remains in an operation pause and, even if it may be available, the entire available frequency band may be considered to be in operation.

[0053] In the United States, the available frequency band that can be used by 802.11ah is 902 MHz to 928 MHz. In South Korea, the available frequency band is 917.5 MHz to 923.5 MHz. In Japan, the available frequency band is 916.5 MHz to 927.5 MHz. The total bandwidth available for 802.11ah is 6 MHz to 26 MHz depending on the country code.

[0054] FIG. 1D is a system diagram illustrating RAN 113 and CN 115 according to one embodiment. As described above, RAN 113 may employ NR radio technology to communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c via air interface 116. RAN 113 may also communicate with CN 115.

[0055] RAN113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c, but it should be understood that RAN113 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with one embodiment. Each of gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may include one or more transceivers for communicating with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c via air interface 116. In one embodiment, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, gNBs 180a and 108b may utilize beamforming to transmit signals to and / or receive signals from gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c. Thus, gNB 180a may transmit and / or receive radio signals to / from WTRU 102a using, for example, multiple antennas. In one embodiment, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers to WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of such component carriers may be on unlicensed spectrum, while the remaining component carriers may be on licensed spectrum. In one embodiment, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) technology. For example, WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from gNB 180a and gNB 180b (and / or gNB 180c).

[0056] WTRU102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNB180a, 180b, and 180c using transmissions associated with scalable numerology. For example, the OFDM symbol interval and / or the OFDM sub-carrier interval can vary for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the radio transmission spectrum. WTRU102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNB180a, 180b, and 180c using sub-frames of various or extensible lengths (e.g., including a varying number of OFDM symbols and / or having an absolute time of varying length) or transmission time intervals (TTIs).

[0057] gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may be configured to communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c in a stand-alone configuration and / or a non-stand-alone configuration. In a stand-alone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c without accessing other RANs (e.g., eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c, etc.). In a stand-alone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c may utilize one or more of gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c as mobility anchor points. In a stand-alone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c using signals in an unlicensed band. In a non-stand-alone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c may communicate with and connect to gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c while also communicating with and connecting to another RAN such as eNodeBs 160a, 160b, and 160c. For example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c may implement a DC principle for communicating with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c and one or more eNodeBs 160a, 160b, and 160c substantially simultaneously. In a non-stand-alone configuration, eNodeBs 160a, 160b, and 160c may function as mobility anchors for WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, and gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may provide additional coverage and / or throughput for serving WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c.

[0058] Each of gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can be associated with a specific cell (not shown) and can be configured to handle radio resource management decision-making, handover decision-making, user scheduling in UL and / or DL, support for network slicing, dual connectivity, interworking between NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data to user plane functions (UPFs) 184a, 184b, routing of control plane information to access and mobility management functions (AMFs) 182a, 182b, etc. As shown in FIG. 1D, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can communicate with each other via the Xn interface.

[0059] CN 115 shown in FIG. 1D can include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one session management function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and optionally data networks (DNs) 185a, 185b. Although each of the foregoing elements is depicted as part of CN 115, it will be understood that any of these elements can be owned and / or operated by entities other than the CN operator.

[0060] AMF 182a and 182b can be connected to one or more of gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c in RAN 113 via the N2 interface and can function as control nodes. For example, AMF 182a and 182b can play roles such as authentication of users of WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, support for network slicing (e.g., handling of different PDU sessions with different requirements), selection of specific SMFs 183a and 183b, management of registration areas, termination of NAS signaling, and mobility management. Network slices can be used by AMF 182a and 182b to customize the CN support for WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c based on the type of service being utilized by WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c. For example, different network slices can be established for different use cases such as services that rely on ultra-reliable low latency (URLLC) access, services that rely on enhanced massive mobile broadband (eMBB) access, and services for machine type communication (MTC) access. AMF 162 can provide control plane functions for exchange between RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) that use other radio technologies such as non-3GPP access technologies like LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or WiFi.

[0061] SMF183a and 183b can be connected to AMF182a and 182b within CN115 via the N11 interface. SMF183a and 183b can also be connected to UPF184a and 184b within CN115 via the N4 interface. SMF183a and 183b can select and control UPF184a and 184b and configure the routing of traffic passing through UPF184a and 184b. SMF183a and 183b can perform other functions such as managing and allocating UE IP addresses, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, and providing downlink data notifications. The PDU session type can be IP-based, non-IP-based, Ethernet-based, etc.

[0062] UPF184a and 184b can be connected to one or more of gNB180a, 180b, and 180c within RAN113 via the N3 interface, thereby providing WTRU102a, 102b, and 102c access to a packet-switched network such as the Internet 110 to facilitate communication between WTRU102a, 102b, and 102c and IP-corresponding devices. UPF184 and 184b can perform other functions such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-home PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, and providing mobility anchoring.

[0063] CN115 may facilitate communication with other networks. For example, CN115 may include or communicate with an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that functions as an interface between CN115 and the PSTN 108. Additionally, CN115 may provide access to other networks 112 for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to the local data networks (DNs) 185a, 185b through the UPFs 184a, 184b via an N3 interface to the UPFs 184a, 184b and an N6 interface between the UPFs 184a, 184b and the DNs 185a, 185b.

[0064] In view of FIGS. 1A-1D and the corresponding descriptions of FIGS. 1A-1D, one or more of the functions described herein with respect to one or more of the WTRUs 102a-d, base stations 114a and b, eNodeBs 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNBs 180a-c, AMFs 182a-ab, UPFs 184a and b, SMFs 183a and b, DNs 185a and b, and / or any other devices described herein may be implemented by one or more emulation devices (not shown). An emulation device may be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more or all of the functions described herein. For example, an emulation device may be used to test other devices and / or simulate network and / or WTRU functionality.

[0065] An emulation device can be designed to implement one or more tests of other devices in a laboratory environment and / or an operator network environment. For example, one or more emulation devices can perform one or more or all functions while being fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network to test other devices in the communication network. One or more emulation devices can perform one or more or all functions while being temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. An emulation device can be directly coupled to another device for testing purposes and / or can perform tests using terrestrial wireless communication.

[0066] One or more emulation devices can perform one or more functions including all while not being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, an emulation device can be utilized in a test scenario in a test laboratory and / or a non-deployed (e.g., for testing) wired and / or wireless communication network to perform tests on one or more components. One or more emulation devices can be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and / or wireless communication via an RF circuit (which may include one or more antennas) can be used by an emulation device to transmit and / or receive data.

[0067] Unless otherwise specified, the terms "a" and "an" and similar phrases should be interpreted as "one or more" and "at least one". Unless otherwise specified, any term ending with the suffix "(s)" should be interpreted as "one or more" and "at least one". The term "may" should be interpreted as "for example, may".

[0068] In this specification, among other things, the following abbreviations and acronyms are used: Component Carrier (CC), Configured grant (CG), Dynamic grant (DG), MAC control element (MAC CE), Acknowledgement (ACK), Block Error Rate (BLER), Bandwidth Part (BWP), Coherent Joint Transmission (C-JT), Cyclic Prefix (CP), Conventional OFDM (relying on cyclic prefix) (CP-OFDM), Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC), Channel State Information (CSI), Downlink Assignment Index (DAI), Downlink Control Information (DCI), Downlink (DL), Demodulation Reference Signal (DM-RS), Data Radio Bearer (DRB), Frequency Division Duplex (FDD), Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ), Long Term Evolution (LTE) (for example, since 3GPP LTE R8), Negative ACK (NACK), Multiple TRP or multi-TRP (mTRP), Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS), Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), Non-CoherentJT, NC-JT), New Radio (NR), Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Physical Layer (PHY), Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), Random Access Channel (or procedure) (RACH), Random Access Response (RAR), Radio Front end (RF), Radio Link Failure (RLF), Radio Link Monitoring (RLM), Radio Network Identifier (RNTI), Radio Resource Control (RRC), Radio Resource Management (RRM), Reference Signal (RS), Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Service Data Unit (SDU), Simultaneous Multi-panel (SMP), SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), Synchronization Signal (SS), Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), Semi-persistent scheduling (SPS), Supplemental UplinkUplink, SUL), single transmission / reception point (single TRP, sTRP), transport block (Transport Block, TB), transport block size (Transport Block Size, TBS), time-division multiplexing (Time-division multiplexing, TDM), transmission / precoding matrix indicator (TPMI), transmission / reception point (Transmission / Reception Point, TRP), uplink (Uplink, UL), ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications, URLLC), and wireless local area network (Wireless Local Area Network, WLAN) and related technologies (IEEE 802.xx area).

[0069] The disclosure described herein may be implemented in an NR network or a network supporting multi-transmission / reception points. NR supports, for example, multi-TRP (mTRP) uplink transmission of PUSCH repetitions in TDM mode. The WTRU may transmit multiple copies at different time instances towards different TRPs. Transmitting multiple copies at different time instances towards different TRPs may improve PUSCH transmission reliability.

[0070] In the case of a UL NR PUSCH transmission grant single DCI (e.g., sDCI), there is a difference between a single DCI (e.g., sTRP) and mTRP. In the case of sTRP, typically, there is one TPMI shown (e.g., UL PMI codebook index), one SRI (e.g., UL beam indication), one frequency domain resource allocation (FDRA) and / or time domain resource allocation (TDRA), one set of power control parameters, and one set of DM-RS antenna ports. In the case of mTRP, there may be two TPMIs, which are for the same number of layers mapped iteratively (e.g., periodically, sequentially, etc.), two SRIs mapped iteratively, one FDRA (e.g., the same for both TRPs), one TDRA indicating the mapping of TPMI / SRI for the iteration, two sets of power control parameters, and one set of DMRS antenna ports.

[0071] In NR, the WTRU can be a multi-panel WTRU. The multi-panel WTRU can report its multi-panel capabilities to the network for dynamic panel switching. The WTRU can report a list of WTRU capability values (e.g., sets), which can facilitate the activation and selection of panels initiated by the WTRU. The WTRU capability value set may include the number of SRS ports (e.g., the maximum number of SRS ports). The WTRU capability value sets may be different. The WTRU capability value sets may be common across BWPs / CCs in the same band.

[0072] The WTRU can report an index of WTRU capability values (e.g., sets). The WTRU can report the index of the WTRU capability value set for each reported CRI / SSBRI in a beam report (e.g., one beam report), and this index can be used for the activation and selection of panels initiated by the WTRU.

[0073] The disclosure of this specification may include simultaneous transmission of PUSCH, as illustrated in FIG. 2. FIG. 2 is a diagram of a system 200 that illustrates a simultaneous multi-panel (SMP) operation mode for two transmit / receive points, e.g., TRP1 and TRP2. FIG. 2 illustrates two WTRU panels, such as panel 1 and panel 2, however, it should be understood that a WTRU, such as WTRU202, may have multiple panels (e.g., any number of two or more). The WTRU may use simultaneous multi-panel UL transmission. Simultaneous multi-panel UL transmission may provide higher UL throughput / reliability. For example, assuming a maximum of two TRPs and a maximum of two panels, the throughput / reliability may be improved for frequency range 2 (e.g., Frequency Range 2, FR2, such as 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz) and multi-TRP. Exemplary applications include customer premises equipment (CPE) applications, fixed wireless access (FWA) applications, vehicle applications (e.g., V2X, V2V, etc.), industrial devices (e.g., IoT, etc.).

[0074] The WTRU may use UL precoding instructions for PUSCH. For example, if a new codebook is not introduced for multi-panel simultaneous transmission, the WTRU may use UL precoding instructions for PUSCH. The number of layers may be a maximum of four across all panels. The number of codewords may be a maximum of two across all panels. The WTRU may determine the number of layers and / or the number of codewords based on single DCI and multi-DCI based multi-TRP operation.

[0075] The WTRU may use UL beam indication for PUCCH / PUSCH. For example, the WTRU may use UL beam indication for PUCCH / PUSCH for an integrated TCI framework extension. The WTRU may use UL beam indication for PUCCH / PUSCH for an integrated TCI framework extension based on single DCI and multi-DCI based multi-TRP operation. The WTRU may transmit PUSCH and PUSCH (e.g., PUSCH+PUSCH) or PUCCH and PUCCH (e.g., PUCCH+PUCCH) across two panels that may be within the same CC. For example, the WTRU may transmit PUSCH+PUSCH or PUCCH+PUCCH across two panels within the same CC for multi-DCI based multi-TRP operation.

[0076] In some applications, PUSCH may not be schedulable, for example, in SMP transmission mode. For example, the WTRU may receive a grant indicating that only one (e.g., just one) UL precoder / beam can be used at a time. For example, a WTRU using the mTRP mode may not be able to configure the grant parameters flexibly, for example, because the grant parameters are limited to a specific application of repetition for reliability enhancement. The grant parameters can be, for example, but not limited to, TPMI, SRI, FDRA, TDRA, antenna port, etc. Further, the WTRU may be limited to, but not limited to, using the same rank, the same resource allocation, and the same number of ports for both TRPs, for example. SMP may generate inter-panel interference, for example, due to overlapping PUSCH transmissions at the same time instance and separate power control procedures. Power control of the WTRU on one TRP may be determined without considering other simultaneous transmissions. Therefore, the disclosure provided herein provides a device, method, and system for determining how to send PUSCH in SMP operation mode, for determining one or more SMP transmission parameters (e.g., TPMI, antenna port, etc.), and / or for mitigating inter-panel interference.

[0077] The WTRU may transmit or receive a physical channel or a reference signal. The physical channel or reference signal may be received according to at least one spatial domain filter. The term "beam" may refer to the spatial domain filter.

[0078] The WTRU may transmit a physical channel or a signal using a spatial domain filter. The spatial domain filter may be the same / similar spatial domain filter for receiving an RS (e.g., CSI-RS) or an SS block. The WTRU transmission may be referred to as "target". The received RS or SS block may be referred to as "reference" or "source". Therefore, the WTRU may transmit a target physical channel or signal according to the spatial relationship to the RS or SS block.

[0079] The WTRU may transmit a physical channel or a signal according to the same spatial domain filter used for transmitting a second physical channel or signal. The first transmission may be referred to as "target". The second transmission may be referred to as "reference" or "source". Therefore, the WTRU may transmit a first (i.e., target) physical channel or signal according to the spatial relationship to the second (i.e., reference) physical channel or signal.

[0080] In one or more cases, the spatial relationship may be implicit, may be configured by RRC, or may be signaled by MAC CE or DCI. For example, the WTRU may implicitly transmit the PUSCH and the DM-RS of the PUSCH according to the same / similar spatial domain filter as the SRS indicated by the SRS resource indicator (SRI) indicated in the DCI or configured by RRC. In another example, the WTRU may configure the spatial relationship for the SRI by RRC. In another example, the MAC CE may signal the spatial relationship for the PUCCH. The spatial relationship may also be referred to as "beam indication".

[0081] A WTRU may receive a certain (i.e., target) downlink channel or signal. The downlink channel or signal may be received according to the same / similar spatial region filter or spatial reception parameter as a second (i.e., reference) downlink channel or signal. For example, such an association may exist between a physical channel (e.g., PDCCH or PDSCH) and its respective DM-RS. When the first and second signals are reference signals, such an association may exist when the WTRU is configured with a quasi-colocation (QCL) assumption type D between the corresponding antenna ports. This association may be configured as a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state. The WTRU may receive an indication including the association between a CSI-RS or SS block and a DM-RS by an index to a set of TCI states configured by the RRC and / or signaled by a MAC CE. The indication may also be referred to as a "beam indication".

[0082] Unless otherwise specified, an RS may be used interchangeably with one or more of an RS resource, an RS resource set, an RS port, and an RS port group. Unless otherwise specified, an RS may be used interchangeably with one or more of an SSB, a CSI-RS, an SRS, and a DM-RS. Unless otherwise specified, a TRP may be used interchangeably with a TP (transmission point), an RP (reception point), an RRH (radio remote head), a DA (distributed antenna), a BS (base station), a sector (of a BS), and a cell (e.g., one or more of the geographical cell areas served by a BS). Further, unless otherwise specified, a multi-TRP may be used interchangeably with one or more of an MTRP, an M-TRP, and a plurality of TRPs.

[0083] In one or more cases, the WTRU may be configured to have (or receive its configuration for) one or more TRPs. The WTRU may transmit and / or receive from one or more TRPs. The WTRU may be configured to have one or more TRPs for one or more cells. The cell may be, for example, a serving cell and / or a secondary cell.

[0084] The WTRU may be configured to have at least one RS. The RS may be for channel measurement. The RS may be indicated as a Channel Measurement Resource (CMR). The RS may include CSI-RS, SSB, and / or other downlink RSs. The CSI-RS, SSB, and / or other downlink RSs may be transmitted from the TRP to the WTRU. The CMR may be configured in a TCI state or associated with a TCI state. The WTRU may be configured to have a CMR group. The CMR group may include one or more CMR indices. A CMR group having one or more CRI indices may be transmitted from the same TRP. The CMR group may be identified by a CMR group index (e.g., group 1). The WTRU may be configured to have a CMR group for each TRP. The WTRU may receive from the TRP an association between one CMR group index and another CMR group index and / or an association between one RS index from one CMR group and another RS index from another group. The WTRU may determine that the associated resources may be configured for C-JT MTRP channels or CSI measurements. The WTRU may determine the associated resources from the received TRP transmission.

[0085] The WTRU may be configured to have (or may receive configuration information for) one or more path loss (PL) reference groups (e.g., sets) and / or one or more SRS groups, SRS resource indicators (SRI), or SRS resource sets. The PL reference group may correspond to or be associated with a TRP. The PL reference group may include, identify, correspond to, or be associated with one or more TCI states, SRI, reference signal sets (e.g., CSI-RS sets, SRI sets), CORESET indexes, and / or reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS, SSB).

[0086] The WTRU may receive a configuration (e.g., any configuration described herein). The configuration may be received from a TRP or gNB. For example, the WTRU may receive a configuration (e.g., configuration information) of one or more TRPs, one or more PL reference groups, and / or one or more SRI sets. The WTRU may implicitly determine an association between an RS set / group and a TRP. For example, if the WTRU is configured to have two SRS resource sets, the WTRU may determine to transmit to TRP1 using the SRS within the first resource set and to transmit to TRP2 using the SRS within the second resource set. The WTRU may be configured to transmit a resource set via RRC signaling.

[0087] The WTRU may receive instructions from a primary and a secondary TRP. The WTRU may determine that one of the TRPs is the primary or anchor TRP, for example, based on the WTRU being configured to have multiple TRPs. In one or more cases, the WTRU may determine the primary or anchor TRP based on the network configuration. In one or more cases, the WTRU may determine the primary or anchor TRP by determining that the received signal quality for one TRP exceeds the received signal quality of all other TRPs or exceeds a threshold signal quality. The WTRU may determine the primary or anchor TRP by comparing the received signal quality for one or more TRPs and / or by comparing the received signal quality to a threshold signal quality. The threshold signal quality may be pre-determined and / or stored in the WTRU memory.

[0088] Unless otherwise specified, the TRP, PL reference group, SRI group, and SRI set may be used interchangeably. Unless otherwise specified, the terms set and group may be used interchangeably.

[0089] A joint transmission system having two TRPs is described as an example. However, it should be understood that any number of TRPs may be used. In the example described, one TRP is considered the primary TRP.

[0090] The properties of the grant or allocation may include one or more of: frequency allocation; aspects of time allocation (e.g., duration); priority; modulation and / or coding scheme; transport block size; number of spatial layers; number of transport blocks; TCI state, CRI, and / or SRI; number of repetitions; determination of whether the repetition scheme is type A or type B; determination of whether the grant is a configured grant type 1, configured grant type 2, or dynamic grant; determination of whether the allocation is a dynamic allocation or a semi-persistent (configured) allocation; configured grant index or semi-persistent allocation index; periodicity of the configured grant or allocation; channel access priority class (CAPC); any parameter provided in DCI, MAC, and / or RRC; determination of whether the grant is for single TRP transmission or multi-TRP transmission; determination of whether the grant is for UL transmission from a single WTRU panel (TxSP) or simultaneous UL transmission from multiple WTRU panels (STxMP); and / or determination of whether the grant is for C-JT or NC-JT transmission. In an example, the TCI state, CRI, or SRI may be for each WTRU panel, for example, when multiple panels are used for UL transmission. The parameters provided in DCI, MAC, and / or RRC may be used for scheduling the grant or allocation.

[0091] A WTRU may report a subset of channel state information (CSI) components. The CSI components may correspond to one or more of a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI); an SSB resource indicator (SSBRI); an indication of a panel used for reception in the WTRU; measurements such as L1-RSRP, L1-SINR taken from an SSB or CSI-RS, and / or other channel state information. The indication of a panel used for reception in the WTRU may be, for example, but not limited to, panel identification information or group identification information. Measurements such as L1-RSRP, L1-SINR taken from an SSB or CSI-RS may be, for example, but not limited to, cri-RSRP, cri-SINR, ssb-Index-RSRP, ssb-Index-SINR, etc. Other channel state information may be, for example, but not limited to, one or more of a rank indicator (RI), a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a layer index (LI).

[0092] A WTRU may be configured to have a scrambler. In the uplink, the WTRU may transmit data through a PUSCH. As part of UL processing, the WTRU may determine to send one transport block (TB). The TB may be channel-coded using a low-density parity check (LDPC) encoder. The TB may be rate-matched to obtain a target coding rate. The WTRU may apply a scrambler to the coded bits before modulation. For example, after rate-matching, the WTRU may apply a scrambler to the coded bits before modulation. The WTRU may determine the scrambler according to a scrambling sequence. The scrambling sequence may be generated based on an initial seed, e.g., c_init. The WTRU may determine the seed according to a parameter (e.g., dataScramblingIdentityPUSCH). The function of the parameter may be configured in the PUSCH. The seed may be a function of the RNTI. For example, the seed may be a function of the RNTI associated with the PUSCH (e.g., C-RNTI), as shown in the following equation,

[0093] [Number] n_ID may be equal to the dataScramblingIdentityPUSCH value. The dataScramblingIdentityPUSCH value may be taken from the range of integers {0,..., 1023}.

[0094] The WTRU may receive an indication of the SMP operating mode. In the case of codebook-based uplink transmission, the WTRU may receive an indication of precoding information. For example, the WTRU may receive an indication having precoding information according to its transmission channel. If the WTRU has multiple panels, the WTRU may receive independent indications for each panel activated for transmission. For each TRP TPMI indication, the WTRU may provide PUSCH repetitions for uplink reliability improvement.

[0095] The WTRU may determine the SMP operating mode for the PUSCH. The WTRU may indicate its multi-panel uplink transmission capability. For example, the WTRU may indicate its multi-panel uplink transmission capability by reporting the number of panels, the number of SRS ports per panel, and / or the coherence capability per panel.

[0096] For example, the WTRU may indicate its multi-panel transmission capability. The WTRU may receive an explicit or implicit indication as to whether the WTRU is scheduled for transmission using one or both panels. The WTRU may receive an explicit or implicit indication in response to the WTRU indicating its multi-panel transmission capability. In one or more cases, the WTRU may report its capabilities. The WTRU may receive an indication to use a codebook per panel. The WTRU may receive an indication to use a codebook per panel based on the WTRU reporting its capabilities. In the example, the WTRU may report 2-port SRS capability on one panel and 4-port SRS capability on another panel, in which case the WTRU is configured to have a 2-port codebook for both panels.

[0097] In another example, the WTRU may receive an indication as to whether the WTRU may receive one or more TPMIs for its own uplink transmission. For example, the WTRU may receive this indication based on receiving a configuration having multiple panels. In one or more cases, the WTRU may apply the indicated TPMI across the panels, in which case, for example, a single TPMI indication is applied. For example, the WTRU may receive and apply a TPMI for N layer transmissions where x layers are mapped on a first panel and N - x layers are mapped on a second panel. In another example, the WTRU may receive and apply an indication of N antenna ports mapped on a first panel and N - x antenna ports mapped on a second panel. The WTRU may receive an indication for determining x. In some cases, the WTRU may determine x based on a codebook configured for each panel. In other cases, the WTRU may extend a DCI field for an antenna port indication by only a single bit to distinguish the ports indicated for each panel.

[0098] The WTRU may receive one or more SRIs and / or TPMIs indicating the number of layers per panel. The maximum number of total layers may be fixed. The maximum number of total layers may be based on the capabilities reported by the WTRU. In one or more other cases, the first TPMI may indicate the number of layers N. The WTRU may be configured to have a number of layers L (e.g., the maximum number). The WTRU may determine a second TPMI from a subset of the TPMI codebook. For example, the WTRU may determine the second TPMI from a subset of the TPMI codebook such that TPMIs having N to L layers may be considered. In one or more cases, the WTRU may be configured to have a codebook subset (e.g., SMPtxMode) for SMP. The codebook subset may include a subset of TPMIs. The subset of TPMIs may be from a set of precoders (e.g., the entire set of precoders). The WTRU may determine that one or more TPMI indices received in a grant may be mapped to the codebook subset corresponding to SMP.

[0099] The WTRU may receive a single DCI containing two TPMI / SRIs for PUSCH repetition (TDM). For example, in single DCI multi-TRP operation (e.g., transmission on the same number of layers), the WTRU may receive a single DCI containing two TPMI / SRIs. The WTRU configured to have the SMP mode may be configured to receive scheduling for uplink transmission using the same or different numbers of layers. In one or more cases, the WTRU may use one or more of the following. For example, the WTRU may receive an indication for determining whether it is in the SMP mode or the non-SMP mode, and an indication including precoding and rank information. In another case, the WTRU may receive a single dynamic indication. In another case, a multi-panel WTRU configured for multi-TRP transmission may receive a DCI with an extended capability to divert transmission from any panel to any TRP. In another case, the WTRU may receive an extended TDRA table in which the WTRU may be configured to have a mapping of SRI and TPMI to PUSCH repetition or transmission.

[0100] The WTRU may receive a first indication to determine whether this first indication is in the SMP mode or the non-SMP mode. The WTRU may receive a second indication including precoding and rank information. In an example, the WTRU may receive a MAC CE or DCI as the first indication for determining the SMP or non-SMP mode. In another example, the WTRU may receive an RRC configuration to either the SMP mode or the non-SMP mode. In another example, the WTRU may receive and interpret an indication (e.g., the second indication) to determine the precoding and other scheduling information for each panel. For example, when the WTRU determines the SMP mode, the WTRU may receive and interpret an indication.

[0101] A WTRU may receive a single dynamic indication, e.g., a DCI. For example, the single dynamic indication may include SMP mode determination, precoding information, and other scheduling information for each panel. In one or more cases, the WTRU may receive an explicit or implicit indication for identifying the SMP mode. For example, the WTRU may receive an explicit indication indicating the SMP mode, e.g., a DCI including a flag. In another example, the WTRU may be configured to have one or more reference signals designated for SMP or non-SMP operation modes. The WTRU may determine the SMP mode by determining whether a configured reference signal, e.g., an indicated SRI, belongs to a set. In another example, the WTRU may receive an implicit indication for identifying the SMP mode.

[0102] The WTRU may be a multi-panel WTRU configured for multi-TRP transmission. The multi-panel WTRU may receive DCI having the ability to bypass transmission from any panel to any TRP. The extension of the DCI may be based on adding a single bit to the existing TPMI field for PUSCH repetition. In one example, the addition of the single bit may be explicit. For example, the addition of the single bit may be explicit by direct addition of the bit to the TPMI field. In another example, the addition of a bit that means and distinguishes the SMP panel may be implicit. For example, the implicit association between the SMP mode and the panel involved may be based on the indicated SRI. For example, the WTRU may receive a specific range of SRI for SMP. The first subset of the range may be for the implicit indication of the first panel. The second subset of the range may be for the implicit indication of the second panel. In another example, the WTRU may receive an association of SRI for SMP. The WTRU may determine to transmit in SMP mode in response to a grant including two associated SRIs. The WTRU may receive this association as part of the SRS resource configuration. The SRS resource or resource set ID (e.g., different SRS resources or resource set IDs) may be associated for the SMP operation mode. In another example, the WTRU may identify the associated SRI based on a semi-static configuration (e.g., RRC). Alternatively or in combination, the WTRU may receive a MAC-CE including an activation command or a deactivation command for different SRI pairs. The WTRU may indicate one or more suitable SRI pairs, for example, in CSI reporting for SMP or MAC-CE. The WTRU may explicitly indicate an SMP flag along with a suitable pair (e.g., SRI1 and SRI2).

[0103] The WTRU may receive 3 bits. The first bit may indicate a panel. The remaining bits may indicate the intended receiving TRP and / or the ordering of the panel / TRP. For example, the WTRU may receive extended DCI and can determine the received indication as follows: 000 sTRP1, 001 sTRP2, 010 TRP1-TRP2, 011 TRP2-TRP1, 100 SMP (e.g., panel 1 TRP1 and panel 2 TRP2), and 101 SMP (e.g., panel 2 TRP1 and panel 1 TRP2).

[0104] A WTRU may receive a TDRA table (e.g., an extended TDRA table). For example, the WTRU may receive a TDRA table that configures the WTRU to have a mapping of SRI and TPMI to PUSCH repetitions or transmissions. For example, the TDRA may include an "SMP" mapping type flag. The TDRA may include an SMP mapping type flag, and the WTRU may determine that a 0 indicates transmitting PUSCH in a non-SMP manner and a 1 indicates transmitting PUSCH in SMP. The WTRU may determine the mapping of repetitions to a panel according to the SMP operation mode. In some cases, the WTRU may determine the mapping of repetitions to a panel. The WTRU may determine the mapping of repetitions to a panel when the WTRU transmits three or more repetitions. The WTRU may determine the mapping of repetitions to a panel based on a pre-configured mapping. In one or more cases, when the WTRU transmits three or more repetitions, the WTRU may determine the mapping of repetitions to a panel based on a pre-configured mapping. For example, the WTRU may determine to transmit four repetitions at time instances t1, t2, t3, t4 in non-SMP mode. In SMP mode, the WTRU may transmit repetitions 1 and 2 at time instance t1 on panel 1 and transmit repetitions 3 and 4 at time instance t2 on panel 2. The TDRA may include a PUSCH mapping type for SMP other than mapping types A or B (e.g., a new PUSCH mapping type). The WTRU may determine the association between K2 offsets from the mapping type. The WTRU may determine the association between K2 offsets from the mapping type such that two or more PUSCH transmissions may be mapped to the same K2 offset. The K2 offset may be an offset from DCI to a PUSCH transmission.

[0105] The WTRU may determine a redundancy version (RV) mapping for SMP operation mode. The WTRU may map a pair of RV values for each time instance to SMP PUSCH transmission. The WTRU may determine a default SMP configuration when scheduled in SMP mode. For example, if the WTRU does not receive TDRA, the WTRU may assume a default SMP configuration when scheduled in SMP mode. The WTRU may determine a default configuration that may include sending PUSCH repeated on both panels.

[0106] The WTRU may transmit the msgA PUSCH using SMP. The WTRU may indicate SMP through preamble selection. The WTRU may transmit the msgA PUSCH using SMP. The WTRU may indicate the SMP operation mode, for example, according to the preamble index. The WTRU may use a two-step RACH procedure. The WTRU may select and initiate the transmission of a preamble from a pool of preamble indexes. For example, in a two-step RACH procedure, the WTRU may select and initiate the transmission of a preamble from a pool of preamble indexes. The WTRU may transmit on a PUSCH resource associated with a preamble index (e.g., the selected preamble index). The PUSCH may be defined as the msgA PUSCH. The WTRU may indicate through preamble selection that SMP is used for the msgA PUSCH. The WTRU may split the preamble subset. For example, the WTRU may split the preamble subset into a subset of preambles for single panel transmission of the msgA PUSCH and a second set of preambles for SMP transmission of the msgA PUSCH. The WTRU may map the msgA PUSCH to both panels and transmit both panels simultaneously. For example, if the WTRU selects an SMP preamble, the WTRU maps the msgA PUSCH to both panels and transmits both panels simultaneously. The receiver may decode the preamble of the msgA. The receiver may determine that the decoded preamble belongs to a set of preambles for SMP. The receiver may expect to receive an SMP msgA transmission.

[0107] The WTRU may determine a subset and / or pattern of antenna panels for SMP PUSCH transmission. As described herein, the WTRU may receive a bit (e.g., a new bit) in the DCI. This bit may indicate a dynamic switch between a non-SMP operation mode and an SMP operation mode. The WTRU may have one or more operation modes (e.g., a multi-panel operation mode) based on whether the antenna panel is active.

[0108] For example, in an operating mode (e.g., non-SMP1), the WTRU may transmit from a single antenna panel at a given time. For example, the WTRU may transmit from a single antenna panel, in which case the antenna panel may include one or more of a panel index, a group of antenna elements, or a group of antenna ports. In one or more cases, the WTRU may have multiple antenna panels. For example, the WTRU may have multiple antenna panels in a non-SMP1 mode where one antenna panel is active. The active antenna panel may be the antenna panel from which the WTRU receives (e.g., SSB, CSI-RS, TRS, DM-RS) or transmits (e.g., SRS, DMRS) reference signals for channel tracking or measurement purposes. The WTRU may be scheduled to transmit on one active antenna panel in non-SMP1 mode. In some cases, the WTRU may report the index of the active panel (e.g., in a CSI report). In other cases, the WTRU may receive a control message from the network to indicate the active panel. The control message may include, but is not limited to, a MAC-CE including the index of the panel to be activated, or an RRC reconfiguration. The WTRU may respond to the control message by sending a message having the requested information to the network.

[0109] In another example, in a second operating mode (e.g., non-SMP2), the WTRU may have two or more active antenna panels. For example, the WTRU may transmit from one antenna panel at a time, e.g., in the non-SMP2 mode. The WTRU may receive DCI to dynamically schedule the PUSCH from an active panel (e.g., any active panel). In some cases, the WTRU may indicate a set of active antenna panels (e.g., in a CSI report). In other cases, the WTRU may receive a control message from the network to indicate a set of active panels. The control message may include, but is not limited to, a MAC-CE including an index of the panel to be activated, or an RRC reconfiguration. The WTRU may respond to the control message by sending a message having the requested information to the network.

[0110] In another example, in a third operating mode (e.g., SMP or STxMP), the WTRU may have two or more active antenna panels. The WTRU may transmit from two or more antenna panels within the same time slot, e.g., in the SMP or STxMP mode. The WTRU may receive a DCI or a MAC-CE indicating a set of panels for SMP. In some cases, the WTRU may indicate a set of panels supported for STxMP in a CSI report. In some cases, the WTRU may indicate a set of panels supported for STxMP in a UL MAC-CE. The UL MAC-CE may indicate a panel index. In other cases, the WTRU may receive a control message indicating a panel for STxMP. The control message may include, but is not limited to, a MAC-CE including an index of the panels paired for STxMP or an RRC reconfiguration. The WTRU may respond to the control message by sending a message having the requested information to the network.

[0111] The WTRU can dynamically switch between operating modes. For example, the WTRU can dynamically switch between different multi-panel operating modes. The WTRU can receive from the network a DCI having a set of bits indicating an operating mode (e.g., the SMP operating mode). The set of bits can indicate one or more panel indexes for SMP. For example, the WTRU can report to the network its capabilities regarding an operating mode (e.g., the SMP operating mode) and / or a set of panel indexes. The set of panel indexes can indicate where the WTRU is scheduled for SMP (e.g., panels 1 and 2). The WTRU can determine a subset of the panels to be used in SMP. The WTRU can determine a subset of the panels to be used in SMP according to the bits received in the DCI from the network. For example, the WTRU may comprise four panels. The WTRU can report that a subset of panels 1, 2, or 3 can be used for SMP. The WTRU can receive a bit indicating SMP and bits indicating the use of panels (e.g., panels 1 and 2) for SMP. The WTRU can receive from the network (e.g., via RRC configuration) a panel selection table. The table fields indicate panel selection. For example, as illustrated in Table 1 of Figure 3, the WTRU can include three panels indexed as P1, P2, and P3. If the received bit field is, for example, 01, SRI1 and SRI2 refer to the SRS resource sets of P1 and P3, respectively. The WTRU can receive a DCI scheduling the PUSCH, and / or the DCI can include a bit field (e.g., 00) for panel selection, SRI1, and / or SRI2. The WTRU can determine to transmit the PUSCH using panels P1 and P2 in SMP, and the WTRU can determine that SRI1 and SRI2 refer to the SRS resource sets of P1 and P2, respectively. The WTRU may base this determination on the DCI received from the network.

[0112] The WTRU may cycle through different panel index pairs in a predetermined pattern based on the received panel selection table and / or according to the repetition index. The WTRU may be configured, for example, by the network, to use a separate panel selection table for several repetitions. The WTRU may receive a repetition index (e.g., TDRA) from the network in the DCI. For example, as illustrated in Table 2 of FIG. 4, the bit field of the SMP and the corresponding panel index for two repetitions are received by the WTRU from the network. For example, if bit field 00 is received, the WTRU transmits using panel {P1, P2} in the first repetition and {P1, P3} in the second repetition. In another case, if the bit field is 11, the WTRU transmits using {P1, P2} in both repetitions. In some cases, the WTRU may receive one of the preconfigured patterns through RRC. In some cases, the WTRU may receive a MAC-CE that activates one of the patterns through MAC-CE. In some cases, the WTRU may receive a bit field in the DCI that schedules the PUSCH.

[0113] In one or more cases, the WTRU may determine the antenna port mapping based on the STxMP operation mode. For example, the WTRU may receive a DCI that schedules a PUSCH having a field for antenna port indication. The WTRU may determine a table based on one or more of the rank (e.g., 1 to 4), the transform precoder (e.g., DFT or CP OFDM), or the DMRS type and configuration. The WTRU may transmit the PUSCH using the DMRS ports. The WTRU may rate match around the DMRS CDM group as indicated by the antenna port indicator.

[0114] The WTRU may determine an antenna port table based on the SMP operation mode. For example, the WTRU may determine an antenna port table having an antenna port configuration based on the SMP operation mode. The antenna port table may be, for example, a new antenna port table or an existing antenna port table. The WTRU may determine the association between a panel and an antenna port indication based on a DCI field (e.g., a received DCI field). For example, the WTRU may determine to use Table 1 of FIG. 2 when the WTRU receives a non-SMP operation mode. In the example, the operation mode may be dynamically indicated in the DCI or configured through a MAC-CE. In some cases, the WTRU may receive a bit indicating the SMP operation mode. For example, the ordering of the SRI in the DCI may be the first SRI from SRS resource set 1 or panel 1 and the second SRI from SRS resource set 2 or panel 2. Based on the ordering of the SRI in the DCI, the WTRU may determine that the first port (e.g., 0) is associated with panel 1 and the second port is associated with panel 2 (e.g., 1). The antenna ports may be divided evenly or unevenly among the panels (e.g., in the case of other tables where the rank indication is greater than 2). For example, based on the SRS resource rank, the WTRU may determine the number of ports per panel. For example, the first SRI may indicate an SRS resource having a rank of 1 and the second SRI may indicate an SRS resource having a rank of 2. The WTRU may associate one port (e.g., port 0) with a first panel indicated by the first SRI. The WTRU may associate two ports (e.g., ports 1 and 2) with a second panel indicated by the second SRI.

[0115] The WTRU may determine an SMP operation mode having an association to an antenna port indication using an SRS resource set indicator. For example, the WTRU may receive one or more of a DCI having two SRSs (e.g., SRI1 and SRI2), one or more bits (e.g., new bits) indicating the SMP operation mode, and an SRS resource set indicator. For example, if the SMP operation mode indicates non-SMP, the SRS resource set indicator indicates legacy operation. For example, 01 and 11 indicate the ordering of the SRIs matched to the repetition. If a 00 SRS resource set indicator is received for the indicated SMP operation mode, the WTRU determines to use SRI1 on panel 1 (e.g., non-SMP2 panel 1). If a 01 SRS resource set indicator is received for the indicated SMP operation mode, the WTRU determines to use SRI2 on panel 2 (e.g., non-SMP2 panel 2). If a 10 SRS resource set indicator is received for the indicated SMP operation mode, the WTRU determines to use SRI1 and SRI2, where SRI1 corresponds to panel 1 and SRI2 corresponds to panel 2 (SMP). If an 11 SRS resource set indicator is received for the indicated SMP operation mode, the WTRU determines that SRI1 corresponds to panel 1 and SRI2 corresponds to panel 3 (SMP).

[0116] The WTRU may use a legacy table, such as Table 3 illustrated in FIG. 5, when the DCI indicates a non-SMP operation mode. The DCI may indicate the non-SMP operation mode, for example, through an SRS resource set indicator and / or a bit field for SMP. In one or more cases, the WTRU may use a table, such as Table 4 illustrated in FIG. 6, when the DCI indicates an SMP operation mode.

[0117] The WTRU may be configured to determine antenna port mapping and / or SMP operation mode. For example, the WTRU may determine the antenna port mapping and / or SMP operation mode based on an antenna port indication. The WTRU may determine an antenna port mapping table (e.g., a new antenna port mapping table) for SMP operation. The antenna port mapping table may indicate either an SMP operation mode or a non-SMP operation mode. For example, the WTRU may determine to transmit in SMP or non-SMP operation mode based on, for example, Table 5 in FIG. 7 which illustrates an example of an SMP antenna port table. In one example, any value of 7 or greater corresponds to an SMP mode where two antenna ports are used and associated with different panels. In an example, if a value of 0 is indicated, the WTRU transmits PUSCH using DMRS ports 0 and 1 on a single antenna panel, and in another example, if a value of 7 is indicated, the WTRU transmits PUSCH using DMRS ports 0 and 1 on panels 0 and 1 respectively. In one or more cases, when a single panel is indicated, the WTRU may use a single PUSCH scrambling identification information. In one or more cases, when two panels are indicated, the WTRU may use two PUSCH scrambling identification information.

[0118] A WTRU may receive one or more PUSCH scrambling parameters, for example, from a gNB. The PUSCH scrambling parameters may be, for example, but not limited to, PUSCH-related sequence initialization parameters, datascramblingidentityPUSCH values, etc. The WTRU may use the PUSCH scrambling parameters for the transmission of PUSCH. For example, the WTRU may use the PUSCH scrambling parameters for the transmission of PUSCH, for example, for inter-cell and / or intra-cell WTRU / TRP UL interference randomization / mitigation. The examples provided herein relate to one or more PUSCH scrambling parameters including a first PUSCH scrambling parameter for TRP1 and / or WTRU panel 1 and a second PUSCH scrambling parameter for TRP2 and / or WTRU panel 2. However, it should be understood that the examples provided herein may be applicable to three or more TRPs and / or three or more WTRU panels that are contemplated / applied for communication between a gNB (for example, a gNB employing at least TRP1 and TRP2) and a WTRU (for example, a WTRU employing / using at least WTRU panel 1 and WTRU panel 2). One of the TRPs may be, for example, a primary TRP (for example, TRP1).

[0119] The WTRU may receive an indication / configuration that a scrambling ID (e.g., a first scrambling ID) of one or more PUSCH scrambling parameters may be used / applied for TRP1. For example, the scrambling ID of one or more PUSCH scrambling parameters may be associated with a first CORESET pool index or a TRP1 associated with a first TRP indicator, and / or may be used / applied for WTRU panel 1. The WTRU may receive an indication / configuration that a second scrambling ID of one or more PUSCH scrambling parameters may be used / applied for TRP2. For example, the second scrambling ID of one or more PUSCH scrambling parameters may be associated with a second CORESET pool index or a TRP2 associated with a second TRP indicator, and / or may be used / applied for WTRU panel 2.

[0120] The WTRU can be configured to apply / use a scrambling ID (e.g., a first or second scrambling ID) for PUSCH transmission. For example, the WTRU may apply / use the scrambling ID for PUSCH transmission when the PUSCH is scheduled to be transmitted towards TRP1 or TRP2. The WTRU may apply / use the scrambling ID for PUSCH transmission based on determining that at least one or more of the following conditions are met.

[0121] A first condition for applying / using the scrambling ID may include receiving a DCI including a scheduling grant for the PUSCH. The DCI including the scheduling grant for the PUSCH may be received via (e.g., based on) a CORESET associated with TRP1 or TRP2. For example, the CORESET may be associated with TRP1 or TRP2 based on one or more of a CORESET pool index value, a TRP indicator, etc.

[0122] The second condition for applying / using the scrambling ID may correspond to receiving a beam / TCI indication associated with TRP1 or TRP2 for the scheduled PUSCH. The beam / TCI indication may be scheduled for the PUSCH associated with TRP1 or TRP2, for example, by the UL-TCI state, by the SRS resource indicator (SRI), by the integrated TCI applicable to multiple channels / signals, or by the individual / direct beam / TCI state indicated for the PUSCH. For example, the WTRU may receive an mTRP-UL-TCI having two or more (integrated) TCI states. The TCI state may be, for example, an integrated TCI state. The WTRU may determine (or receive an indication that it may be associated) that each of the two or more TCIs may be associated with each PUSCH scrambling ID (e.g., for each TRP). In another example, the WTRU may receive a grant having two SRIs belonging to two SRS resource sets. The WTRU may apply the first scrambling identification information to the SRI from the first resource set and apply the second scrambling identification information to the transmission having the SRI from the second resource set.

[0123] The third condition for applying / using the scrambling ID may correspond to receiving an indication / configuration of the semi-static selection of the scrambling ID. For example, the WTRU may receive an RRC configuration based on receiving an indication to update / activate the scrambling ID associated with each TRP and / or which scrambling ID should be associated with each TRP. The PUSCH scrambling ID may be associated with each TRP based on a fixed association rule. The WTRU may receive an indication for updating / activating the scrambling ID, for example, via a MAC-CE.

[0124] A fourth condition for applying / using a scrambling ID may be based on receiving a dynamic indication of the scrambling ID for PUSCH per TRP (e.g., by DCI). The WTRU may receive the dynamic indication, e.g., by DCI. The WTRU may receive a dynamic indication of the scrambling ID for PUSCH per TRP, e.g., for interference randomization. In an example, the WTRU may receive DCI1 including a first field and, separately, may receive DCI2 including a second field. The first field may be, e.g., a DMRS-related field. The second field may be, e.g., a DMRS-related field. DCI1 including the first field may indicate a first scrambling ID for TRP1. DCI2 including the second field may indicate a second scrambling ID for TRP2. In another example, the WTRU may receive a DCI including a field (e.g., a DMRS-related field) including a code point. The code point may be associated with SMP mode / parameters. The code point may indicate that the WTRU applies a first scrambling ID to a first set of layers / ports of the PUSCH (e.g., transmitted from WTRU panel 1) and applies a second scrambling ID to a second set of layers / ports of the PUSCH (e.g., transmitted from WTRU panel 1). The first set of layers / ports may be transmitted, e.g., from WTRU panel 1. The second set of layers / ports may be transmitted, e.g., from WTRU panel 1. The scheduled PUSCH is received at TRP1 and TRP2. The scheduled PUSCH is received at TRP1 and TRP2 based on layer / port area separation of the PUSCH. The layer / port area separation of the PUSCH may be, e.g., a "layer / port area separated" SMP-PUSCH. In an example, the DMRS layer / port indication for SMP may be based on one or more code points within the DMRS-related field of the DCI. One or more reserved code points of the DMRS-related field may be reused to indicate SMP ports. The WTRU may determine the PUSCH scrambling ID.For example, the WTRU may determine the PUSCH scrambling ID based on receiving a DMRS-related field. The DMRS-related field may include, for example, an indication of the SMP port. The DMRS-related field may include an indication of the SMP port according to an antenna port indicated by a certain code point among one or more code points.

[0125] The WTRU may receive an explicit or implicit indication, for example, by DCI. The indication may indicate whether the scrambling ID of one or more PUSCH scrambling parameters should be applied to the scheduled PUSCH or not. The scrambling ID may be associated with, for example, the TRP.

[0126] The WTRU may receive a DCI such as a second DCI. The received second DCI may schedule a PUSCH to be transmitted towards TRP2. The WTRU may use the received DCI to schedule the PUSCH to be transmitted towards TRP2. The second DCI that schedules the PUSCH to be transmitted towards TRP2 may be based on one or more of the CORESET poolIndex value of the CORESET where the second DCI is received, the TRP indicator, the beam / TCI indication for the PUSCH, the WTRU panel ID, etc. The WTRU may determine that the DCI (e.g., the second DCI) includes an explicit or implicit indication for applying the scrambling ID to the PUSCH. The indication for applying the scrambling ID to the PUSCH may be, for example, for the purpose of interference randomization. The WTRU may transmit the PUSCH based on applying the scrambling ID to the PUSCH. For example, in response to determining that the second DCI includes an indication for applying the scrambling ID, the WTRU transmits the PUSCH based on applying the scrambling ID to the PUSCH.

[0127] The WTRU may receive DCI (e.g., the third DCI) that schedules a PUSCH (e.g., the third PUSCH) to be transmitted towards the TRP2. The WTRU may determine that the DCI (e.g., the third DCI) includes an explicit or implicit indication for not applying the scrambling ID to the PUSCH (e.g., the third PUSCH). For example, based on an efficient interference management strategy of the network that it is preferable for the WTRU to have an orthogonal DMRS port allocation for the PUSCH (without applying the scrambling ID) instead of applying the scrambling ID for having, e.g., an interference randomization effect, the WTRU may determine that the third DCI includes an indication for not applying the scrambling ID to the third PUSCH. The WTRU may transmit the PUSCH without applying the scrambling ID to the PUSCH. For example, the WTRU may transmit the PUSCH without applying the scrambling ID to the PUSCH in response to determining that the DCI includes an indication for not applying the scrambling ID to the PUSCH.

[0128] (For example, by DCI), applying or not applying a scrambling ID to a PUSCH for a WTRU (or for a WTRU panel) that can be dynamically determined can provide an advantage with respect to UL interference mitigation and / or performance improvement in that there may be a (performance) trade-off between the following. For example, without applying a scrambling ID to the PUSCH (e.g., when a high correlation between WTRU panels is observed / determined / considered when scheduling the PUSCH), performance can be improved when ensuring DMRS port orthogonality between WTRUs within a cell / TRP (or across cells / TRPs) (or between a WTRU panel of the same WTRU and other WTRU panels). In another case, performance can be improved when applying a scrambling ID to the PUSCH for the purpose of having an interference randomization effect (e.g., when a low correlation (with respect to beam direction) between WTRU panels is observed / determined / considered when scheduling the PUSCH) (e.g., when DMRS port orthogonality may not be a dominant factor due to beam area separation between WTRU panels). Instead of having strict DMRS port orthogonality, an advantage can be achieved. The WTRU may receive a grant (e.g., DCI) for transmission of the PUSCH, in which case a dynamic indication of applying or not applying scrambling to the PUSCH using the scrambling ID can be received based on the grant (e.g., in relation to the grant) (e.g., when the PUSCH is to be transmitted towards multiple TRPs (e.g., as SMP-PUSCH) or towards a single (selected) TRP (e.g., as non-SMP-PUSCH)). The WTRU may receive a grant for transmission of the PUSCH based on considering the above advantages / trade-offs.

[0129] In one or more cases, for the msgA PUSCH, the WTRU may determine to use scrambling identification information (e.g., two pieces of scrambling identification information) according to the preamble index. A subset of the preamble index may be associated with two different pieces of scrambling identification information. The WTRU may start the msgA transmission using a preamble from this subset. The WTRU may determine a pair of scrambling identification information. The WTRU may use one piece of scrambling identification information for each panel from the pair.

[0130] The WTRU may initiate the RACH procedure by selecting a preamble index and / or transmitting the msgA preamble and PUSCH using the resources allocated for the preamble index of the two-step RACH. In one or more other cases, in the four-step RACH, the WTRU may select a preamble and transmit the preamble (e.g., msg1). The WTRU may receive a response from the network including a grant (e.g., msg2). The WTRU may transmit a request using the allocated grant (e.g., msg3). The WTRU may receive conflict resolution (e.g., msg4) from the network.

[0131] The WTRU may transmit msgA PUSCH or msg3 in the SMP operation mode. The WTRU may transmit msgA PUSCH or msg3 in the SMP operation mode, for example, by selecting a preamble from a subset of the preambles associated with SMP. For example, preambles 1 to N may be associated with SMP. When the WTRU transmits a preamble having an index 1 ≦ n ≦ N, the WTRU may transmit msgA PUSCH or msg3 in SMP. The WTRU may use the default configuration of the SMP panel for msgA PUSCH or msg3 or for the pre-configured msg3. For example, the default configuration of the SMP panel may include panels 1 and 2, which are used for the SMP of msgA having SRI1 and SRI2. In some cases, for each panel, the WTRU may associate scrambling identification information (e.g., panel 1 scrambling identification information 1 and panel 2 scrambling identification information 2) with the panel index. In other cases, the WTRU may receive a msg2 grant, which includes an indication of the SMP operation mode and related parameters.

[0132] The WTRU having multiple panels may be able to adjust its own power for each panel. The WTRU may use different transmission powers depending on the panel and / or TRP targeted for UL transmission. The WTRU may adjust its power for each panel because the path loss towards the TRP may be different from that of another TRP.

[0133] A WTRU grant may include a set of power control parameters (e.g., two). The set of power control parameters may be open-loop and closed-loop commands such as, for example, alpha, P0, and TPC. The power control parameters may be determined for each TRP and / or using TDM transmission. The WTRU may implement two power control loops and / or scaling rules according to the EIRP limit and / or TotRadPw (total radiated power) for each UL spatial filter (e.g., beam). The WTRU may use two simultaneous transmissions on two different panels to implement two power control loops and / or scaling rules.

[0134] A power class may be determined for different form factors. The power class may be defined with respect to, for example, one or more of EIRP, TotRadPw, spherical coverage, etc., but is not limited thereto. In some cases, the WTRU may use single beam transmission. In some cases, the WTRU may use two beams and two panels for simultaneous transmission. When the WTRU may use two beams and two panels for simultaneous transmission, the WTRU may use one or more scaling rules for a specified TotRadPw limit. The WTRU panel may be rated as full EIRP power compliant and / or TotRadPw limit compliant. Thus, since each panel is full EIRP power compliant and can thus be evaluated as compliant with the TotRadPw limit, the WTRU may use one or more scaling rules to comply with the specified TotRadPw limit. In other cases, the WTRU may determine the scaling rule based on hardware limitations in the WTRU (e.g., power limit per panel). Based on the path loss to each TRP, the allocated power may be different for cases where the UL grant is different (e.g., throughput) and cases where the UL grant is the same (e.g., reliability). For example, even with substantially the same path loss to each TRP, the allocated power may be different for cases where the UL grant is different and cases where the UL grant is the same.

[0135] The primary TRP or pTRP may be a cell that broadcasts the SSB. Other TRPs may be referred to as secondary TRPs or aTRPs. The secondary TRP may be added to the configuration. The pTRP and aTRP may be served by different panels. The TRP may receive an outer loop (OL) set of parameters. The OL set of parameters may be different for each TRP. The OL set of parameters may be associated with an antenna port or SRI. In this specification, an example regarding power control for the PUSCH is described. It should be understood that the description of power control may be applicable to SRS and / or PUCCH transmissions.

[0136] The UL grant for each TRP may be substantially the same. For example, Pcmax_panel1 = Pcmax_panel2 = Pcmax_panel. This may be applicable when there is the same RB and MCS allocation without P-MPR. This may provide the reliability of power control for the WTRU.

[0137] The WTRU may start power allocation for the pTRP. The WTRU may evaluate power allocation against Pcmax_panel. Pcmax_panel may be determined or may be a stored value. The WTRU may consider EIRP_panel1 and TotRadPw_panel1. The WTRU may determine whether the allocated power on the pTRP exceeds Pcmax_panel. The WTRU may scale the power allocation for the pTRP and / or aTRP based on comparing EIRP_panel1 and TotRadPw_panel1 with Pcmax_panel. For example, the WTRU may reduce aTRP transmission (e.g., due to insufficient power resources). In another example, if the power allocated on the pTRP exceeds Pcmax_panel, the WTRU may scale accordingly, for example, by dropping aTRP transmission due to insufficient power resources.

[0138] The WTRU may perform power allocation for panel 2. The WTRU may verify the TotRadPw for each WTRU from both panels. A WTRU with two panels may provide spherical coverage in a combined mode. That is, each panel may have 50% of the sphere. The TotRadPw may be divided into two spatial regions. The TotRadPw may be an additive amount. The TotRadPw may result in independent EIRP levels with their own EIRP limitations. The global TotRadPw may be a limit (e.g., for simultaneous UL transmission). In one or more other cases, the WTRU panel may have individual EIRP thresholds. The EIRP threshold may be less than Pcmax_panel for the associated TotRadPw on the spherical coverage. Scaling may be performed based on the TotRadPw for each WTRU and based on the aTRP-related panel. For example, when simultaneous transmission is performed, the scaling may be performed based on the TotRadPw for each WTRU and based on the aTRP-related panel (e.g., based only on the aTRP-related panel).

[0139] The WTRU may have UL grants for pTRP and aTRP, and these may be different. That is, unlike RB and MCS, it may receive one or more independent link adaptation procedures. This may apply throughput power control. The WTRU may start its own power allocation by comparing it with Pcmax_panel1 corresponding to the pTRP UL grant. The WTRU may determine the power allocation for the aTRP UL grant corresponding to Pcmax_panel2. The WTRU panel may be subject to EIRP general power class limitations for each panel. Since each panel is subject to EIRP general power class limitations for each panel, the WTRU may verify its own power limitation against the TotRadPw limitation for each WTRU as follows.

[0140]

Number

[0141] If the WTRU determines that the above formula is not satisfied, the WTRU may perform a scaling operation to comply with the per-WTRU TotRadPw limit. The scaling may be based on one or more of the following rules or priorities: (i) PUCCH with ACK / NACK has a higher priority than PUCCH with CSI, (ii) PUSCH with UCI has a higher priority than PUSCH without UCI, (iii) PUSCH+PUSCH without UCI or CSI may lead to pTRP transmission priority, (iv) when P-MPR is applied to panel transmission, other panels may receive power allocation priority, (v) the WTRU may determine that a certain codeword (e.g., one codeword) has a higher priority than other codewords (e.g., when codeword 1 is transmitted on panel 1 and codeword 2 is transmitted on panel 2), and (vi) the WTRU may determine that two PUSCH transmissions target different traffic types with different reliability requirements. The WTRU may determine that two PUSCH transmissions target different traffic types with different reliability requirements, e.g., one PUSCH is for high reliability (e.g., URLLC) and the second PUSCH is for high throughput (e.g., eMBB). The WTRU may apply a scaling factor to, e.g., high throughput transmissions.

[0142] The WTRU may determine to use single panel transmission. For example, the WTRU may determine to use single panel transmission when the applied scaling factor is greater than a threshold. In some cases, the WTRU may receive a threshold for scaling as part of the SMP power control configuration. In other cases, the WTRU may receive a threshold for scaling as part of the per-TRP power control configuration (e.g., SRI power control). The WTRU may store the threshold in memory. The threshold may be a stored WTRU parameter. The WTRU may apply the threshold per panel. For example, the WTRU may apply the threshold per panel such that if the scaling applied to panel 1 is greater than the threshold, the WTRU may, for example, drop panel 1. The WTRU may transmit on panel 2. In other cases, the WTRU may transmit (e.g., transmit only from) the panel to which the minimum scaling factor was applied. For example, if the WTRU determines to apply scaling factors a1 and a2 to panels 1 and 2, respectively, and a1 > a2 > threshold, the WTRU may determine to transmit on panel 2 (e.g., only on panel 2). In some cases, the WTRU may include an indication of the scaled power to a single panel in the PHR. The WTRU may include a single PH value in the PHR. The single PH value may implicitly indicate a fallback to single panel transmission. In other cases, the WTRU may include an explicit flag indication of the fallback to single panel transmission.

[0143] The scaling factor may be determined and / or applied per panel. For example, the WTRU may determine P1 as the power transmission for panel 1 based on the power control parameters for panel 1 and based on a power control algorithm. The WTRU may determine P2 as the power transmission for panel 2 based on the power control parameters for panel 2 and the power control algorithm. When the WTRU determines that scaling should be performed for panel 1, the WTRU may apply the scaling factor alpha as alpha*P1, and the WTRU may set its own transmission power to alpha*P1.

[0144] The WTRU may receive a configuration that includes a set of power scaling factors (e.g., alpha values) or a codebook. For example, the WTRU may receive an indication that it may select alpha from the set {0.5, 0.25, 0.1}. The WTRU may indicate (e.g., in a Power Headroom Report (PHR)) the index of the alpha that is used. The PHR may include additional bits to indicate the alpha index for each PH value and the index of the panel to which the alpha is applied.

[0145] The WTRU may determine to apply a scaling factor alpha based on one or more thresholds. For example, the WTRU may receive a configuration that has a plurality of alphas (e.g., {0.5, 0.25, 0.1}) and a set of power thresholds (e.g., {threshold 1, threshold 2, threshold 3}). The WTRU may calculate delta = P1 - P2. If delta > threshold 1, the WTRU may select 0.5. If threshold 1 >= delta > threshold 2, the WTRU may select 0.25. If threshold 2 >= delta, the WTRU may select 0.1. If threshold 3 > delta, the WTRU may not apply a scaling factor.

[0146] FIG. 8 is an exemplary diagram 800 illustrating a WTRU 802 and a network element 804 configured according to an exemplary configuration of the features described above. In FIG. 800, the WTRU 802 may receive a configuration for mTRP STxMP at 806. For example, the mTRP STxMP configuration may include a plurality of SRS resource sets (e.g., one for each TRP), each including one or more SRS resources, and / or a plurality of PUSCH scrambling IDs (e.g., one for each of a plurality of panels). For example, the mTRP STxMP configuration may include two SRS resource sets, each including one or more (e.g., one for each of two TRPs) SRS resources, and two PUSCH scrambling IDs, one for each of a first panel and a second panel.

[0147] The WTRU 802 may include DCI at 808. The DCI may include a UL grant. The DCI may include a transmission mode indication indicating either single panel transmission or simultaneous multi-panel (STxMP) transmission. In some examples, the transmission mode indication may be one or more bits (e.g., additional bits in the DCI), such as 1 bit. For example, the transmission mode indication may be provided via the DCI, and the DCI may extend an existing 2-bit SRS resource set indicator (SRSSI) in the DCI to 3 bits and include 3 bits as the most significant bits by reusing bits as described herein. The DCI may include an indication of which panel to use with each resource set (e.g., 1 bit: the least significant bit of 3 bits when the indicated tx mode is STxMP). For example, the indication of which panel to use with each resource set may be provided via a 3-bit SRSSI, in which case, when the first bit is 0: single panel mode with Release 17 option, 000: single TRP1, 001: single TRP2, 010: TDM TRP1-TRP2, 011: TDM TRP2-TRP1, and when the first bit is 1: multi-panel mode is configured to have the STxMP option, e.g., 100: panel 1 / 2 with SRS resource set 1 / 2, 101: panel 1 / 2 with SRS resource set 2 / 1, etc. The DCI may include an indication (e.g., via TPMI or SRI) of a precoder for one or more (e.g., each) layer, such as a first precoder and a first layer number (L1), a second precoder and a second layer number (L2), where L1<>L2.

[0148] At 810, the WTRU may transmit a PUSCH with STxMP according to configuration information (e.g., received at 806) and / or DCI (e.g., received at 808). For example, based on an indication of which panel to use with each resource set, the WTRU may use a first panel (e.g., as shown at 812) via SRS resources within a first set (e.g., based thereon) and use a second panel (e.g., based thereon) via SRS resources within a second set to transmit a PUSCH transmission. Alternatively, based on an indication of which panel to use with each resource set, the WTRU may use a first panel (e.g., as shown at 814) via SRS resources within a second set (e.g., based thereon) and use a second panel (e.g., based thereon) via SRS resources within a first set to transmit a PUSCH transmission. In some examples, transmissions using each panel use scrambling based on the index of each panel and its respective scrambling ID, and precoding (e.g., based on respective TPMI or SRI within the DCI) is applied to the respective number of layers for each panel (e.g., L1 and L2 respectively for the first and second panels).

[0149] Although the features and elements are described above in a particular combination, those skilled in the art will appreciate that each feature or element can be used alone or in any combination with other features and elements. Additionally, the methods described herein can be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware incorporated into a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include electronic signals (transmitted via wired or wireless connections) and computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, magnetic media such as read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), registers, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, internal hard disks, and removable disks, magneto-optical media, and optical media such as CD-ROM disks and digital versatile disks (DVDs). A processor associated with software can be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for use in a WTRU, UE, terminal, base station, RNC, or any host computer.

Claims

Claim 1 A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) comprising a processor, the processor receiving configuration information indicating a first sounding reference signal (SRS) resource set and a second SRS resource set, and receiving a first downlink control information (DCI) including a first UL grant, the first DCI including a first indication for simultaneous transmission using a plurality of panels and a second indication associating each of the plurality of panels with a respective one of the first or second SRS resource sets for the first UL grant, the second indication indicating that the first SRS resource set should be used for a first transmission using a first panel and the second SRS resource set should be used for a second transmission using a second panel, or that the second SRS resource set should be used for the first transmission using the first panel and the first SRS resource set should be used for the second transmission using the second panel, and being configured to simultaneously transmit the first transmission via the first panel and the second transmission via the second panel according to the first and second indications. Claim 2 The WTRU according to claim 1, wherein the configuration information indicates a first scrambling ID associated with a first panel and a second scrambling ID associated with a second panel. Claim 3 The WTRU according to claim 2, wherein the first transmission using the first panel uses a first scrambling sequence determined based on the index of the first panel and the first scrambling ID, and the second transmission using the second panel uses a second scrambling sequence determined based on the index of the second panel and the second scrambling ID. Claim 4 The WTRU according to claim 3, wherein the first scrambling sequence is initialized with the index of the first panel and the second scrambling sequence is initialized with the index of the second panel. Claim 5 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ The first transmission using the first panel uses a first precoder based on a first number of layers associated with the first panel, and the second transmission using the second panel uses a second precoder based on a second number of layers associated with the second panel, the WTRU according to claim 3.

6. The first DCI further includes a third indication, the third indication associating the first precoder with the first number of layers and the second precoder with the second number of layers, the WTRU according to claim 1.

7. The first SRS resource set corresponds to a first spatial filter, and the second SRS resource set corresponds to a second spatial filter, the WTRU according to claim 1.

8. The processor determines a power scaling factor to adjust power allocation between the first panel and the second panel, and is further configured to apply the power scaling factor to adjust the power allocation between the first panel and the second panel, the WTRU according to claim 1.

9. A method comprising: receiving configuration information indicating a first sounding reference signal (SRS) resource set and a second SRS resource set; a first downlink control information (DCI) including a first UL grant, the first DCI including a first indication for simultaneous transmission using a plurality of panels and a second indication associating each of the plurality of panels with a respective one of the first or second SRS resource sets for the first UL grant, the second indication indicating that the first SRS resource set should be used for a first transmission using the first panel and the second SRS resource set should be used for a second transmission using the second panel, or indicating that the second SRS resource set should be used for the first transmission using the first panel and the first SRS resource set should be used for the second transmission using the second panel, receiving a first DCI; simultaneously transmitting the first transmission via the first panel and the second transmission via the second panel according to the first and second indications.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the configuration information indicates a first scrambling ID associated with a first panel and a second scrambling ID associated with a second panel.

11. The first transmission using the first panel uses a first scrambling sequence determined based on an index of the first panel and the first scrambling ID, and the second transmission using the second panel uses a second scrambling sequence determined based on an index of the second panel and the second scrambling ID. The method according to claim 10.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the first scrambling sequence is initialized with the index of the first panel, and the second scrambling sequence is initialized with the index of the second panel.

13. The first transmission using the first panel uses a first precoder based on a first number of layers associated with the first panel, and the second transmission using the second panel uses a second precoder based on a second number of layers associated with the second panel. The method according to claim 11.

14. The first DCI further includes a third instruction, and the third instruction associates the first precoder with the first number of layers and the second precoder with the second number of layers. The method according to claim 9.

15. The method according to claim 9, wherein the first SRS resource set corresponds to a first spatial filter, and the second SRS resource set corresponds to a second spatial filter.

16. Determining a power scaling factor to adjust the power allocation between the first panel and the second panel; Applying the power scaling factor to adjust the power allocation between the first panel and the second panel. The method according to claim 9 further includes.

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