Use of (5S)-3-[3-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy)-6-methylpyridazin-4-yl]-5-(2-chloro-4-methylbenzyl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-oxadiazine for controlling undesirable microorganisms

Abstract

The present invention relates to the use of (5S)-3-[3-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy)-6-methylpyridazin-4-yl]-5-(2-chloro-4-methylbenzyl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-oxadiazine as described in formula (I) for controlling undesirable microorganisms that cause various different plant diseases. JPEG2025516324000004.jpg65162

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the use of (5S)-3-[3-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy)-6-methylpyridazin-4-yl]-5-(2-chloro-4-methylbenzyl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-oxadiazine as described in formula (I) for controlling undesirable microorganisms that cause various different plant diseases.

Background Art

[0002]

Chemical Formula

[0003] (5S)-3-[3-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy)-6-methylpyridazin-4-yl]-5-(2-chloro-4-methylbenzyl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-oxadiazine and its preparation method are known from International Publication No. WO 2020 / 127780.

Disclosure of the Invention

[0004] To date, numerous crop protection agents have been developed to combat or prevent the parasitism of microorganisms. However, there is still a need to develop new compounds themselves in order to provide compounds that are effective against a wide range of phytopathogenic microorganisms such as fungi, have low toxicity, high selectivity, or can be used at low application rates while enabling effective pest control. It may also be desirable to have new compounds to prevent the emergence of resistance.

[0005] Surprisingly, it has been found that (5S)-3-[3-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy)-6-methylpyridazin-4-yl]-5-(2-chloro-4-methylbenzyl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-oxadiazine has very high activity against various different undesirable microorganisms while showing an overall beneficial profile for humans as well as environmental safety, low toxicity, low application rates, and a resistance profile.

[0006] Accordingly, an object of the present invention is a method for controlling undesirable microorganisms, in particular phytopathogenic fungi and phytopathogenic viruses which are the cause of various different plant diseases, said method comprising spraying a plant or a part thereof with (5S)-3-[3-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy)-6-methylpyridazin-4-yl]-5-(2-chloro-4-methylbenzyl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-oxadiazine of formula (I).

[0007] In the context of the present invention, "control of undesirable microorganisms" means, as a fungicidal effect, a reduction of parasitism by each microorganism measured compared to untreated plants, preferably a reduction of 25 - 50% compared to untreated plants (100%), more preferably a reduction of 40 - 79% compared to untreated plants (100%). Even more preferably, infection by the microorganism is inhibited by 80 - 100%. Control comprises curative control, i.e. treating plants already infected in order to reduce or eliminate the infection, and protective / preventive control, i.e. treating plants not yet infected in order to prevent infection.

[0008] In the method according to the invention, a plant or the plant is treated with a compound of formula (I).

[0009] Plant parts as understood herein are all above-ground parts as well as organs of the plant such as shoots, leaves and flowers, whereby, for example, leaves, stems, flowers, fruiting bodies, fruits and seeds are mentioned.

[0010] Use The compounds and compositions of the present invention have potent bactericidal activity and / or plant defense regulatory ability. They can be used to control unwanted microorganisms such as unwanted fungi in plants. They can be particularly useful for crop protection (controlling microorganisms that cause plant diseases) or for protecting materials (e.g., industrial materials, timber, stored products), as described in more detail below. More specifically, the compounds and compositions of the present invention can be used to protect seeds, germinated seeds, sprouted seedlings, plants, plant parts, fruits, harvests, and / or the soil in which the plants grow from unwanted microorganisms.

[0011] As used herein, control or controlling includes protection, treatment, and eradication of unwanted microorganisms. The unwanted microorganisms can be pathogenic viruses or pathogenic fungi, more specifically plant pathogenic viruses, or plant pathogenic fungi. As detailed below, these plant pathogenic microorganisms are the causative agents of a wide range of plant diseases.

[0012] More specifically, the compounds and compositions of the present invention can be used as fungicides. For the purposes of this specification, the term "fungicide" represents a compound or composition that can be used in crop protection to control unwanted fungi such as Plasmodiophoromycetes, Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, and Deuteromycetes.

[0013] The compounds and compositions of the present invention may be used as antiviral agents in crop protection. For example, the compounds and compositions of the present invention can be used against diseases caused by plant viruses such as Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Tobacco streak virus, Tobacco stunt virus (TStuV), Tobacco leaf curl virus (VLCV), Tobacco nervilia mosaic virus (TVBMV), Tobacco esca stunt virus (TNDV), Tobacco streak virus (TSV), Potato virus X (PVX), Potato virus Y, S, M, and A, Potato acuba mosaic virus (PAMV), Potato mop-top virus (PMTV), Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), Cucumber yellow virus (CuYV), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Tomato ringspot virus (TomRSV), Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), Rice dwarf virus, Rice stripe virus, Rice black-streaked dwarf virus, Strawberry mottle virus (SMoV), Strawberry vein banding virus (SVBV), Strawberry mild yellow edge virus (SMYEV), Strawberry crinkle virus (SCrV), Broad bean wilt virus (BBWV), and Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV).

[0014] The present invention also relates to a method for controlling unwanted microorganisms such as unwanted fungi on plants, comprising the step of applying a compound of the present invention or at least one composition of the present invention to the microorganisms and / or their habitats (plants, plant parts, seeds, fruits, or the soil in which the plants grow).

[0015] Typically, when the compounds and compositions of the present invention are used in a curative or protective method for controlling phytopathogenic fungi, their effective and plant-compatible amounts are applied to plants, plant parts, fruits, seeds, or the soil or substrate in which the plants grow. Suitable substrates that may be used for cultivating plants include inorganic-based substrates such as mineral wool, especially stone wool, perlite, sand or gravel, organic substrates such as peat, pine bark, or sawdust, and petroleum-based substrates such as polymer foam or plastic beads. The plant-compatible effective amount means an amount sufficient to control or destroy fungi present in or likely to appear in agricultural land, and an amount not accompanied by significant symptoms of phytotoxicity to the said crops. Such amounts can vary within a wide range depending on the fungi to be controlled, the type of crop, the growth stage of the crop, the climatic conditions, and each respective compound or composition of the present invention used. This amount can be determined by systematic field trials within the capabilities of those skilled in the art.

[0016] Plants and plant parts The compounds and compositions of the present invention may be applied to any plant or plant part.

[0017] Plants mean all plants and plant populations, such as desirable and undesirable wild plants or crop plants (including naturally occurring crop plants). Crops are plants that can be obtained by conventional breeding and optimization methods, or by biotechnology and genetic engineering methods, or combinations of these methods, and include genetically modified plants (GMOs or transgenic plants), as well as plant varieties that can and cannot be protected by plant breeder's rights.

[0018] Plant varieties are understood to mean plants having new characteristics ("traits") obtained by conventional breeding, mutagenesis or recombinant DNA techniques. They can be varieties, variants, biotypes, or genotypes.

[0019] The plant parts are understood to mean all parts and organs of the plant, above and below ground, such as shoots, leaves, conifers, stalks, stems, flowers, fruiting bodies, fruits, seeds, roots, tubers, and rhizomes. The plant parts also include harvested materials, plant materials, and propagation materials, such as cuttings, tubers, rhizomes, slips, and seeds.

[0020] Plants that can be processed by the method of the present invention include the following: cotton, flax, grapevine, fruits, vegetables, for example, Rosaceae sp. (such as pome fruits like apples and pears, as well as stone fruits like apricots, cherries, almonds and peaches, and soft fruits like strawberries), Ribesioidae sp., Juglandaceae sp., Betulaceae sp., Anacardiaceae sp., Fagaceae sp., Moraceae sp., Oleaceae sp., Actinidaceae sp., Lauraceae sp., Musaceae sp. (such as banana plants and plantations), Rubiaceae sp. (such as coffee), Theaceae sp., Sterculiceae sp., Rutaceae sp. (such as lemons, oranges and grapefruits); Solanaceae sp. (such as potatoes and tomatoes), Liliaceae sp., Asteraceae sp. (such as lettuce), Umbelliferae sp., Cruciferae sp., Chenopodiaceae sp., Cucurbitaceae sp. (such as cucumbers), Alliaceae sp. (such as leeks, onions), Papilionaceae sp. (such as peas); major crops such as Gramineae sp. (such as cereals like maize, lawn grass, wheat, rye, rice, barley, oats, millet and triticale), Asteraceae sp. (such as sunflowers), Brassicaceae sp.)(e.g., white cabbage, red cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, mizuna, mustard spinach, kabu cabbage, daikon radish, rape, Japanese mustard spinach, watercress), Fabacae sp. (e.g., kidney bean, peanut), Papilionaceae sp. (e.g., soybean), Chenopodiaceae sp. (e.g., sugar beet, fodder beet, Swiss chard, beetroot); plants useful in gardens and forests and ornamental plants; and genetically modified variants of each of these plants.

[0021] Preferably, the plants that can be processed by the method of the present invention include the following: grapevine, Rosaceae sp. (e.g., not only pome fruits such as apple and European pear, but also stone fruits such as apricot, cherry, almond and peach, and soft fruits such as strawberry), Oleaceae sp., Actinidaceae sp., Musaceae sp. (e.g., banana tree and plantation), Rubiaceae sp. (e.g., coffee), Theaceae sp., Sterculiceae sp., Rutaceae sp. (e.g., lemon, orange and grapefruit); Solanaceae sp. (e.g., potato and tomato), Liliaceae sp., Asteraceae sp. (e.g., lettuce), Umbelliferae sp., Cruciferae sp., Chenopodiaceae sp., Cucurbitaceae sp. (e.g., cucumber), Alliaceae sp. (e.g., leek, onion), Papilionaceae sp. (e.g., pea); Gramineae sp. (e.g., cereals such as corn, lawn grass, wheat, rye, rice, barley, oat, millet, buckwheat and triticale), etc. major crops, Asteraceae sp. (e.g., sunflower), Brassicaceae sp. (e.g., white cabbage, red cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, turnip greens, rutabaga, daikon radish, rape, mustard greens, horseradish and watercress), Fabacae sp. (e.g., kidney bean, peanut), Papilionaceae sp. (e.g., soybean), Chenopodiaceae sp.Fruits, vegetables (e.g., sugar beets, fodder beets, Swiss chard, beetroot); plants useful in gardens and woodlands and ornamental plants; and genetically modified variants of each of these plants.

[0022] Plants and plant cultivars that can be treated by the methods disclosed above include plants and plant cultivars that are resistant to one or more biotic stresses, i.e., the plants exhibit better defense against animal and microbial pests such as nematodes, insects, mites, phytopathogenic fungi, bacterial viruses, and / or viroids.

[0023] Plants and plant cultivars that can be treated by the methods disclosed above include plants that are resistant to one or more abiotic stresses. Abiotic stress conditions can include, for example, drought, cold exposure, heat exposure, osmotic stress, flooding, increased soil salinity, increased mineral exposure, ozone exposure, high light exposure, limited availability of nitrogen nutrients, limited availability of phosphorus nutrients, and shade avoidance.

[0024] Plants and plant varieties that can be treated by the methods disclosed above include plants characterized by improved yield characteristics. The increase in yield in said plants can be the result of improvements in plant physiological functions, growth, and development, such as, for example, improved water use efficiency, water retention efficiency, nitrogen use, carbon assimilation, photosynthesis, germination efficiency, and acceleration of maturation. Furthermore, yield can be affected by an improved plant structure (under stress and non-stress conditions) and can include early flowering, flowering control for hybrid seed production, seedling vigor, plant size, number and distance between internodes, root growth, seed size, fruit size, sheath size, number of sheaths or ears, number of seeds per pod or ear, seed mass, enhanced seed filling, reduced seed dispersal, sheath splitting, and reduced lodging resistance, but is not limited thereto. Further yield characteristics include carbohydrate content and composition such as cotton or starch, protein content, oil content and composition, nutritional value, reduction of anti-nutritional compounds, improved processability, and seed composition such as better storage stability.

[0025] Plants and plant varieties that can be processed by the methods disclosed above include hybrid plants and plant varieties that already exhibit the characteristics of heterosis or hybrid vigor, which generally result in higher yields, vigor, health, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses.

[0026] Transgenic Plants, Seed Treatments, and Integration Events The compounds according to the invention can advantageously be used to treat transgenic plants, plant cultivars or plant parts that have received genetic material conferring advantageous and / or useful properties (traits) to these plants, plant cultivars or plant parts. Thus, the present invention is considered to be combinable with one or more recombinant traits, transgenic events, or combinations thereof. For the purposes of this application, a transgenic event is created by the insertion of a specific recombinant DNA molecule into a specific location (locus) within the chromosome of the plant genome. The insertion creates a novel DNA sequence referred to as an "event" and is characterized by the inserted recombinant DNA molecule and a certain amount of the genomic DNA immediately adjacent to / adjacent to both ends of the inserted DNA. Such traits or transgenic events include, but are not limited to, pest and disease resistance, water use efficiency, yield performance, drought tolerance, seed quality, improvement of nutritional quality, hybrid seed production, and herbicide tolerance. Specific examples of such advantageous / useful properties (characteristics) are better plant growth, vigor, stress tolerance, stability, lodging resistance, nutrient uptake, plant nutrition, and / or yield, in particular, improvement of growth, improvement of tolerance to high or low temperatures, improvement of tolerance to drought or water or soil salinity levels, improvement of flowering performance, facilitation of harvesting, acceleration of ripening, increase in yield, improvement of the quality and / or nutritional value of the harvest, improvement of the storage life and / or processability of the harvest, and improvement of resistance to animal and microbial pests such as insects, spiders, nematodes, mites, slugs, snails, etc.

[0027] Among the DNA sequences encoding proteins conferring resistance properties against such animal and microbial pests, especially insects, mention is made in particular of the genetic material derived from Bacillus thuringiensis encoding Bt proteins, which are widely described in the literature and well known to those skilled in the art. Proteins extracted from bacteria such as Photorhabdus (WO 97 / 17432 and WO 98 / 08932) are also mentioned.In particular, CrylA, CryIAb, CryIAc, CryIIA, CryIIIA, CryIIIB2, Cry9c, Cry2Ab, Cry3Bb, and CryIF proteins or their toxic fragments, and further their hybrids or combinations, in particular CrylF protein or hybrids derived from CrylF protein (e.g., hybrid CrylA-CrylF protein or its toxic fragment), CrylA type protein or its toxic fragment, preferably CrylAc protein or hybrids derived from CrylAc protein (e.g., hybrid CrylAb CrylAc protein) or CrylAb or Bt2 protein or its toxic fragment, Cry2Ae, Cry2Af, or Cry2Ag protein or its toxic fragment, CrylA.105 protein or its toxic fragment, VIP3Aa19 protein, VIP3Aa20 protein, VIP3A protein produced in COT202 or COT203 cotton events, VIP3Aa protein or its toxic fragment described in Estruch et al. (1996), Proc Natl Acad Sci US A. 28;93(11):5389-94, Cry proteins as described in International Publication No. 2001 / 47952, Tc-protein derived from Photorhabdus as described in International Publication No. 98 / 08932 (Xenorhabdus as described in International Publication No. 98 / 50427), insecticidal proteins derived from Serratia (especially from S. entomophila) or Photorhabdus species strains, including Bt Cry or VIP proteins. Also included herein are variants or mutants of any one of these proteins that differ in some amino acids (1 to 10, preferably 1 to 5) from any of the above sequences, particularly the sequences of their toxic fragments, or those fused to a transit peptide such as a plastid transit peptide or another protein or peptide.

[0028] Another particularly emphasized example of such characteristics is the imparting of resistance to one or more herbicides, such as imidazolinones, sulfonylureas, glyphosate, or phosphinothricin. Among the DNA sequences encoding proteins that impart the characteristic of resistance to specific herbicides in transformed plant cells and plants, in particular, the bar or PAT gene or the Streptomyces coelicolor gene that imparts resistance to glufosinate herbicides, as described in WO 2009 / 152359, and genes encoding suitable EPSPS (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) that impart resistance to herbicides targeting EPSPS, in particular herbicides such as glyphosate and its salts, a gene encoding glyphosate-N-acetyltransferase, or a gene encoding glyphosate oxidoreductase are mentioned. Further suitable herbicide resistance traits include at least one ALS (acetolactate synthase) inhibitor (e.g., WO 2007 / 024782), a mutant Arabidopsis ALS / AHAS gene (e.g., US Patent No. 6,855,533), a gene encoding 2,4-D-monooxygenase that imparts resistance to 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), and a gene encoding dicamba monooxygenase that imparts resistance to dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid).

[0029] Another example of such a characteristic is resistance to one or more phytopathogenic fungi, such as Asian Soybean Rust. Among the DNA sequences encoding proteins conferring the characteristic of tolerance to such diseases, in particular, genetic material derived from glycine tomentella, for example, as described in WO 2019 / 103918, genetic material from any of the publicly available accessions (PI441001, PI483224, PI583970, PI446958, PI499939, PI505220, PI499933, PI441008, PI505256, or PI446961) is mentioned.

[0030] An even more particularly emphasized example of such a characteristic is an increase in resistance to bacteria and / or viruses, for example, by systemic acquired resistance (SAR), systemins, phytoalexins, elicitors, and resistance genes, as well as correspondingly expressed proteins and toxins.

[0031] Particularly useful transgenic events in transgenic plants or plant cultivars that can be preferably processed according to the present invention include the following: Event 531 / PV-GHBK04 (cotton, insect control, described in WO 2002 / 040677); Event 1143-14A (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in WO 2006 / 128569); Event 1143-51B (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in WO 2006 / 128570); Event 1445 (cotton, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in US Patent Application Publication No. 2002 / 120964 or WO 2002 / 034946); Event 17053 (rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-9843, described in WO 2010 / 117737); Event 17314 (rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-9844, described in WO 2010 / 117735); Event 281-24-236 (cotton, insect control-herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-6233, described in WO 2005 / 103266 or US Patent Application Publication No. 2005 / 216969); Event 3006-210-23 (cotton, insect control-herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-6233, US Patent Application Publication No. 2007 / 143876 or International Publication No. 2005 / 103266); Event 3272 (maize, quality trait, deposited as PTA-9972, described in International Publication No. 2006 / 098952 or US Patent Application Publication No. 2006 / 230473); Event 33391 (wheat, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-2347, described in International Publication No. 2002 / 027004), Event 40416 (maize, insect control-herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-11508, described in International Publication No. 11 / 075593); Event 43A47 (maize, insect control-herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-11509, described in International Publication No. 2011 / 075595); Event 5307 (maize, insect control, deposited as ATCC PTA-9561, described in International Publication No. 2010 / 077816); Event ASR-368 (bentgrass, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-4816, described in US Patent Application Publication No. 2006 / 162007 or International Publication 2004 / 053062); Event B16 (maize, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in US Patent Application Publication No. 2003 / 126634); Event BPS-CV127-9 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as NCIMB No. 41603, described in International Publication No. 2010 / 080829); Event BLRl (rape, restoration of male sterility, deposited as NCIMB 41193, described in International Publication No. 2005 / 074671), Event CE43-67B (cotton, insect control, deposited as DSM ACC2724, described in US Patent Application Publication No. 2009 / 217423 or International Publication No. 2006 / 128573); Event CE44-69D (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in US Patent Application Publication No. 2010 / 0024077); Event CE44-69D (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in WO 2006 / 128571); Event CE46-02A (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in WO 2006 / 128572); Event COT102 (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in US Patent Application Publication No. 2006 / 130175 or WO 2004 / 039986); Event COT202 (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in US Patent Application Publication No. 2007 / 067868 or WO 2005 / 054479); Event COT203 (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in WO 2005 / 054480); Event DAS21606-3 / 1606 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-11028, described in WO 2012 / 033794), Event DAS40278 (maize, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-10244, described in WO 2011 / 022469); Event DAS-44406-6 / pDAB8264.44.06.l (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-11336, described in WO 2012 / 075426), Event DAS-14536-7 / pDAB8291.45.36.2 (described in International Publication No. WO 2012 / 075429, deposited as PTA-11335, soybean, herbicide tolerance), event DAS-59122-7 (described in US Patent Application Publication No. US 2006 / 070139, deposited as ATCC PTA 11384, corn, insect control - herbicide tolerance); event DAS-59132 (described in International Publication No. WO 2009 / 100188, corn, insect control - herbicide tolerance, not deposited); event DAS68416 (described in International Publication No. WO 2011 / 066384 or WO 2011 / 066360, deposited as ATCC PTA-10442, soybean, herbicide tolerance); event DP-098140-6 (described in US Patent Application Publication No. US 2009-137395 or International Publication No. WO 08 / 112019, deposited as ATCC PTA-8296, corn, herbicide tolerance); event DP-305423-1 (described in US Patent Application Publication No. US 2008 / 312082 or International Publication No. WO 2008 / 054747, soybean, quality trait, not deposited); event DP-32138-1 (described in US Patent Application Publication No. US 2009 / 0210970 or International Publication No. WO 2009 / 103049, deposited as ATCC PTA-9158, corn, hybridization system); event DP-356043-5 (described in US Patent Application Publication No. US 2010 / 0184079 or International Publication No. WO 2008 / 002872, deposited as ATCC PTA-8287, soybean, herbicide tolerance); event EE-I (described in International Publication No. WO 07 / 091277, eggplant, insect control, not deposited); event Fil 17 (described in US Patent Application Publication No. US 2006 / 059581 or International Publication No. WO 98 / 044140, deposited as ATCC 209031, corn, herbicide tolerance); event FG72 (described in International Publication No. WO 2011 / 063413, deposited as PTA-11041, soybean, herbicide tolerance), event GA21 (described in US Patent Application Publication No. US 2005 / 086719 or International Publication No. WO 98 / 044140, deposited as ATCC 209033, corn, herbicide tolerance). ; Event GG25 (maize, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 209032, described in US Patent Application Publication No. 2005 / 188434 or International Publication No. 98 / 044140); Event GHB119 (cotton, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8398, described in International Publication No. 2008 / 151780); Event GHB614 (cotton, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-6878, described in US Patent Application Publication No. 2010 / 050282 or W02007 / 017186); Event GJ11 (maize, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 209030, described in US Patent Application Publication No. 2005 / 188434 or International Publication No. 98 / 044140); Event GMRZ13 (sugar beet, virus resistance, deposited as NCIMB-41601, described in International Publication No. 2010 / 076212); Event H7-1 (sugar beet, herbicide tolerance, deposited as NCIMB 41158 or NCIMB 41159, described in US Patent Application Publication No. 2004 / 172669 or International Publication No. 2004 / 074492); Event JOPLIN1 (wheat, disease resistance, not deposited, described in US Patent Application Publication No. 2008 / 064032); Event LL27 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as NCIMB41658, described in International Publication No. 2006 / 108674 or US Patent Application Publication No. 2008 / 320616); Event LL55 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as NCIMB 41660, described in International Publication No. 2006 / 108675 or US Patent Application Publication No. 2008 / 196127); Event LLcotton25 (cotton, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-3343, described in International Publication No. 2003 / 013224 or US Patent Application Publication No. 2003 / 097687); Event LLRICE06 (rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 203353, described in US Patent No. 6,468,747 or International Publication No. 2000 / 026345);Event LLRice62 (rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 203352, described in International Publication No. WO 2000 / 026345); Event LLRICE601 (rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-2600, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008 / 2289060 or International Publication No. WO 2000 / 026356); Event LY038 (maize, quality traits, deposited as ATCC PTA-5623, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007 / 028322 or International Publication No. WO 2005 / 061720); Event MIR162 (maize, insect control, deposited as PTA-8166, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2009 / 300784 or International Publication No. WO 2007 / 142840); Event MIR604 (maize, insect control, not deposited, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008-167456 or International Publication No. WO 2005 / 103301); Event MON15985 (cotton, insect control, deposited as ATCC PTA-2516, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004 / 250317 or International Publication No. WO 2002 / 100163); Event MON810 (maize, insect control, not deposited, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2002 / 102582); Event MON863 (maize, insect control, deposited as ATCC PTA-2605, described in International Publication No. WO 2004 / 011601 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006 / 095986); Event MON87427 (maize, pollination control, deposited as ATCC PTA-7899, described in International Publication No. WO 2011 / 062904); Event MON87460 (maize, stress tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8910, described in International Publication No. WO 2009 / 111263 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2011 / 0138504); Event MON87701 (soybean, insect control, deposited as ATCC PTA-8194, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2009 / 130071 or International Publication No. WO 2009 / 064652);Event MON87705 (soybean, quality trait - herbicide tolerance, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010 / 0080887 or International Publication No. 2010 / 037016, deposited as ATCC PTA-9241); Event MON87708 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-9670, described in International Publication No. 2011 / 034704); Event MON87712 (soybean,; Yield, PTA-10296, described in International Publication No. WO 2012 / 051199; Event MON87754 (soybean, quality trait, deposited as ATCC PTA-9385, described in International Publication No. WO 2010 / 024976); Event MON87769 (soybean, quality trait, deposited as ATCC PTA-8911, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2011 / 0067141 or International Publication No. WO 2009 / 102873); Event MON88017 (maize, insect control-herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-5582, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008 / 028482 or International Publication No. WO 2005 / 059103); Event MON88913 (cotton, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-4854, described in International Publication No. WO 2004 / 072235 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006 / 059590); Event MON88302 (rape, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-10955, described in International Publication No. WO 2011 / 153186), Event MON88701 (cotton, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-11754, described in International Publication No. WO 2012 / 134808), Event MON89034 (maize, insect control, deposited as ATCC PTA-7455, described in International Publication No. 07 / 140256 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008 / 260932); Event MON89788 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-6708, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006 / 282915 or International Publication No. WO 2006 / 130436); Event MS11 (rape, pollination control-herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-850 or PTA-2485, described in International Publication No. WO 2001 / 031042); Event MS8 (rape, pollination control-herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-730, described in International Publication No. WO 2001 / 041558 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003 / 188347); Event NK603 (maize, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-2478, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007 / 292854); Event PE-7 (rice, insect control, not deposited, described in International Publication No. WO 2008 / 114282);Event RF3 (rapeseed, pollination control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-730, described in WO 2001 / 041558 or US 2003 / 188347); Event RT73 (rapeseed, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in WO 2002 / 036831 or US 2008 / 070260); Event SYHT0H2 / SYN-000H2-5 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-11226, described in WO 2012 / 082548); , event T227-1 (sugar beet, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in International Publication No. 2002 / 44407 or US Patent Application Publication No. 2009 / 265817); event T25 (maize, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in US Patent Application Publication No. 2001 / 029014 or International Publication No. 2001 / 051654); event T304-40 (cotton, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8171, described in US Patent Application Publication No. 2010-077501 or International Publication No. 2008 / 122406); event T342-142 (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in International Publication No. 2006 / 128568); event TC1507 (maize, insect control - herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in US Patent Application Publication No. 2005 / 039226 or International Publication No. 2004 / 099447);Event VIP1034 (maize, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA - 3925, described in International Publication No. WO 2003 / 052073), Event 32316 (maize, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA - 11507, described in International Publication No. WO 2011 / 084632), Event 4114 (maize, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA - 11506, described in International Publication No. WO 2011 / 084621), Event EE - GM3 / FG72 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, ATCC Deposit No. PTA - 11041), Event EE - GM1 / LL27 or Event EE - GM2 / LL55 (International Publication No. WO 2011 / 063413 (A2)) may be stacked, Event DAS - 68416 - 4 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, ATCC Deposit No. PTA - 10442, International Publication No. WO 2011 / 066360 (A1)), Event DAS - 68416 - 4 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, ATCC Deposit No. PTA - 10442, International Publication No. WO 2011 / 066384 (A1)), Event DP - 040416 - 8 (maize, insect control, ATCC Deposit No. PTA - 11508, International Publication No. WO 2011 / 075593 (A1)), Event DP - 043A47 - 3 (maize, insect control, ATCC Deposit No. PTA - 11509, International Publication No. WO 2011 / 075595 (A1)), Event DP - 004114 - 3 (maize, insect control, ATCC Deposit No. PTA - 11506, International Publication No. WO 2011 / 084621 (A1)), Event DP - 032316 - 8 (maize, insect control, ATCC Deposit No. PTA - 11507, International Publication No. WO 2011 / 084632 (A1)); Event MON-88302-9 (rapeseed, herbicide tolerance, ATCC Deposit No. PTA10955, International Publication No. 2011 / 153186 (A1)), Event DAS-21606-3 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, ATCC Accession No. PTA-11028, International Publication No. 2012 / 033794 (A2)), Event MON-87712-4 (soybean, quality trait, ATCC Accession No. PTA-10296, International Publication No. 2012 / 051199 (A2)), Event DAS-44406-6 (soybean, stacked herbicide tolerance, ATCC Accession No. PTA-11336, International Publication No. 2012 / 075426 (A1)), Event DAS-14536-7 (soybean, stacked herbicide tolerance, ATCC Accession No. PTA-11335, International Publication No. 2012 / 075429 (A1)), Event SYN-000H2-5 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, ATCC Accession No. PTA-11226, International Publication No. 2012 / 082548 (A2)), Event DP-061061-7 (rapeseed, herbicide tolerance, no available accession number, International Publication No. 2012 / 071039 (A1)), Event DP-073496-4 (rapeseed, herbicide tolerance, no available accession number, US Patent Application Publication No. 2012 / 131692), Event 8264.44.06.1 (soybean, stacked herbicide tolerance, Accession No. PTA-11336, International Publication No. 2012 / 075426 (A2), Event 8291.45.36.2 (soybean, stacked herbicide tolerance, Accession No. PTA-11335, International Publication No. 2012 / 075429 (A2)), Event SYHT0H2 (soybean, ATCC Accession No. PTA-11226, International Publication No. 2012 / 082548 (A2)), Event MON88701 (cotton, ATCC Accession No. PTA-11754, International Publication No. 2012 / 134808 (A1)), Event KK179-2 (alfalfa, ATCC Accession No. PTA-11833, International Publication No. 2013 / 003558 (A1)), Event pDAB8264.42.32.1 (soybean, stacked herbicide tolerance, ATCC Deposit No. PTA-11993, International Publication No. WO 2013 / 010094 (A1)), event MZDT09Y (maize, ATCC Deposit No. PTA-13025, International Publication No. WO 2013 / 012775 (A1).

[0032] Furthermore, a list of such transgenic events is provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) and can be found on the World Wide Web at the website aphis.usda.gov. For the purposes of this application, the state of such a list as of the filing date of this application is relevant as it is / was.

[0033] Genes / events conferring the desired trait(s) in question may be present in combination with each other in transgenic plants. Examples of transgenic plants that may be mentioned are important crop plants, including cereals (wheat, rice, triticale, barley, rye, oats), maize, soybean, potato, sugar beet, sugar cane, tomato, pea, other vegetables, cotton, tobacco, oilseed rape, and fruit trees (including apple, pear, citrus, grapevine), with particular emphasis on maize, soybean, wheat, rice, potato, cotton, sugar cane, tobacco, and oilseed rape. Particular traits that are emphasized are increased plant resistance to insects, arachnids, nematodes, slugs, and snails, as well as increased plant resistance to one or more herbicides.

[0034] Commercially available examples of such plants, plant parts or plant seeds that can be preferentially processed according to the present invention include products such as plant seeds sold or distributed under trade names (GENUITY®, DROUGHTGARD®, SMARTSTAX®, RIB COMPLETE®, ROUNDUP READY®, VT DOUBLE PRO®, VT TRIPLE PRO®, BOLLGARD II®, ROUNDUP READY 2 YIELD®, YIELDGARD®, ROUNDUP READY® 2 XTEND™, INTACTA RR2 PRO®, VISTIVE GOLD®, and / or XTENDFLEX™).

[0035] The compound of formula (I) can preferably be used as a fungicide.

[0036] Pathogen Non-limiting examples of pathogens of fungal diseases that can be treated according to the present invention include the following: Powdery mildew pathogens, such as species of Blumeria, such as Blumeria graminis; species of Leveillula, such as Leveillula taurica; species of Podosphaera, such as Podosphaera leucotricha or Podosphaera xanthii; species of Sphaerotheca, such as Sphaerotheca fuliginea; species of Erysiphe, such as diseases caused by Erysiphe necator, Erysiphe betae; Diseases caused by rust pathogens, such as Gymnosporangium species, such as Gymnosporangium sabinae, Hemileia species, such as Hemileia vastatrix, Phakopsora species, such as Phakopsora pachyrhizi or Phakopsora meibomiae, Puccinia species, such as Puccinia recondita, Puccinia graminis, or Puccinia striiformis, Uromyces species, such as Uromyces appendiculatus; For example, Alternaria species, such as Alternaria solani or Alternaria mali or Alternaria alternata; Cercospora species, such as Cercospora beticola; Cladiosporium species, such as Cladiosporium cucumerinum; Cochliobolus species, such as Cochliobolus sativus (conidia: Drechslera, syn: Helminthosporium) or Cochliobolus miyabeanus; Colletotrichum species, such as Colletotrichum lindemuthanium or Colletotrichum capsica or Colletotrichum acutatum; Corynespora species, such as Corynespora cassiicola; Cycloconium species, such as Cycloconium oleaginum; Diaporthe species, such as Diaporthe citri; Elsinoe species, such as Elsinoe fawcettii; Gloeosporium species, such as Gloeosporium laeticolor; Glomerella species, such as Glomerella cingulata; Guignardia species, such as Guignardia bidwelli;Leptosphaeria species, such as Leptosphaeria maculans; Magnaporthe species, such as Magnaporthe grisea; Marssonina species, such as Marssonina mali; Microdochium species, such as Microdochium nivale; Monilinia species, such as Monilinia laxa; Mycosphaerella species, such as Mycosphaerella graminicola, Mycosphaerella arachidicola or Mycosphaerella fijiensis; Phaeosphaeria species, such as Phaeosphaeria nodorum; Phyllachora species, such as Phyllachora maydis, Pyrenophora species, such as Pyrenophora teres or Pyrenophora tritici repentis; Ramularia species, such as Ramularia collo-cygni or Ramularia areola; Rhynchosporium species, such as Rhynchosporium secalis; Septoria species, such as Septoria apii or Septoria lycopersici; Setosphaeria species, such as Setosphaeria turcica;Leaf blight and leaf blight caused by Sclerotinia species, such as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Stagonospora species, such as Stagonospora nodorum; Stemphylium species, such as Stemphylium vesicarium; Typhula species, such as Typhula incarnata; Venturia species, such as Venturia inaequalis; For example, diseases of roots and stems caused by Corticium species, such as Corticium graminearum; Fusarium species, such as Fusarium oxysporum; Gaeumannomyces species, such as Gaeumannomyces graminis; Marssonina species, such as Marssonina mali; Rhizoctonia species, such as Rhizoctonia solani; Sarocladium species, such as Sarocladium oryzae; Sclerotium species, such as Sclerotium oryzae; Tapesia species, such as Tapesia acuformis; Thielaviopsis species, such as Thielaviopsis basicola; For example, diseases of ears and spikelets (including corn cob) caused by Alternaria species, such as Alternaria spp.; Aspergillus species, such as Aspergillus flavus; Cladosporium species, such as Cladosporium cladosporioides; Claviceps species, such as Claviceps purpurea; Fusarium species, such as Fusarium culmorum; Gibberella species, such as Gibberella zeae; Monographella species, such as Monographella nivalis; Stagnospora species, such as Stagnospora nodorum; Diseases caused by smut fungi, such as Sphacelotheca species, such as Sphacelotheca reiliana; Tilletia species, such as Tilletia caries or Tilletia controversa; Urocystis species, such as Urocystis occulta; Ustilago species, such as Ustilago nuda; For example, fruit rot caused by species of Aspergillus, such as Aspergillus flavus; Botrytis, such as Botrytis cinerea; Monilinia, such as Monilinia laxa; Penicillium, such as Penicillium expansum or Penicillium purpurogenum; Phomopsis, such as Phomopsis viticola; Rhizopus, such as Rhizopus stolonifer; Sclerotinia, such as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Verticilium, such as Verticilium alboatrum; For example, Alternaria species, such as Alternaria brassicicola; Aphanomyces species, such as Aphanomyces euteiches; Ascochyta species, such as Ascochyta lentis; Aspergillus species, such as Aspergillus flavus; Cladosporium species, such as Cladosporium herbarum; Cochliobolus species, such as Cochliobolus sativus (conidia: Drechslera, Bipolaris Syn: Helminthosporium); Colletotrichum species, such as Colletotrichum coccodes; Fusarium species, such as Fusarium culmorum; Gibberella species, such as Gibberella zeae; Macrophomina species, such as Macrophomina phaseolina; Microdochium species, such as Microdochium nivale; Monographella species, such as Monographella nivalis; Penicillium species, such as Penicillium expansum; Phoma species, such as Phoma lingam; Phomopsis species, such as Phomopsis sojae;Seed and soil-borne decay and wilt diseases, and seedling diseases caused by Pyrenophora species, such as Pyrenophora graminea; Pyricularia species, such as Pyricularia oryzae; Rhizoctonia species, such as Rhizoctonia solani; Rhizopus species, such as Rhizopus oryzae; Sclerotium species, such as Sclerotium rolfsii; Septoria species, such as Septoria nodorum; Typhula species, such as Typhula incarnata; Verticillium species, such as Verticillium dahliae; Galls, cankers and witches' broom diseases caused by, for example, Nectria species, such as Nectria galligena; Wilt diseases caused by, for example, Verticillium species, such as Verticillium longisporum; Fusarium species, such as Fusarium oxysporum; Deformations of leaves, flowers and fruits caused by, for example, Exobasidium species, such as Exobasidium vexans; Taphrina species, such as Taphrina deformans; For example, diseases in woody plants caused by Esca species, such as Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Phaeoacremonium aleophilum or Fomitiporia mediterranea; Ganoderma species, such as Ganoderma boninense; For example, diseases of tubers caused by Rhizoctonia species, such as Rhizoctonia solani; Helminthosporium species, such as Helminthosporium solani; Diseases of soybeans: For example, Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria spec. atrans tenuissima), anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporoides dematium var. truncatum), brown spot (Septoria glycines), Cercospora leaf spot and leaf blight (Cercospora kikuchii), Choanephora leaf blight (Choanephora infundibulifera trispora) (Syn.)) fungal diseases of leaves, stems, pods and seeds caused by, among others, Corynespora leaf spot (Corynespora cassiicola), Cercospora leaf blight (Cercospora sojina), Choanephora blight (Choanephora infundibulifera), Colletotrichum pod rot (Colletotrichum truncatum), Corynespora leaf spot (Corynespora cassiicola), Cylindrocladium black rot (Cylindrocladium parasiticum), Diaporthe pod and stem blight (Diaporthe phaseolorum), Didymella leaf spot (Didymella exigua), Drechslera leaf spot (Drechslera glycini), Entyloma leaf spot (Entyloma glycines), Epicoccum black mold (Epicoccum nigrum), Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. glycines), Glomerella leaf spot (Glomerella glycines), Macrophomina pod rot (Macrophomina phaseolina), Mycosphaerella leaf spot (Mycosphaerella cruenta), Phyllosticta leaf spot (Phyllosticta sojaecola), Phomopsis pod and stem blight (Phomopsis sojae), Phytophthora root rot (Phytophthora sojae), Pseudoperonospora downy milch (Pseudoperonospora humuli var. sojae), Rhizoctonia aerial blight, leaf blight, and web blight (Rhizoctonia solani), Rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Phakopsora meibomiae), Scab (Sphaceloma glycines), Stemphylium leaf blight (Stemphylium botryosum), Sudden death syndrome (Fusarium virguliforme), Target spot (Corynespora cassiicola);. For example, microsclerotinia (Calonectria crotalariae), charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina), red mold or wilt, root rot, as well as pod rot and collar rot (Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium orthoceras, Fusarium semitectum, Fusarium equiseti), mycoleptodiscus root rot disease (Mycoleptodiscus terrestris), neocosmospora (Neocosmospora vasinfecta), pod blight and stem blight (Diaporthe phaseolorum), twig blight (Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora), leaf blight (Phialophora gregata), Rhizoctonia root rot, stem rot, and damping-off disease (Rhizoctonia solani), Sclerotinia stem rot disease (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), Sclerotinia southern blight (Sclerotinia rolfsii), Thielaviopsis root rot disease (Thielaviopsis basicola), fungal diseases of roots and culm bases caused thereby.

[0037] Preferably, the present invention relates to the use of a compound of formula (I) for controlling the following diseases: Diseases caused by powdery mildew pathogens, such as species of Blumeria, such as Blumeria graminis; species of Leveillula, such as Leveillula taurica; species of Podosphaera, such as Podosphaera leucotricha or Podosphaera xanthii; species of Sphaerotheca, such as Sphaerotheca fuliginea; species of Erysiphe, such as Erysiphe necator, Erysiphe betae; For example, Alternaria solani or Alternaria mali or Alternaria alternata; Cercospora species, for example, Cercospora beticola; Cladiosporium species, for example, Cladiosporium cucumerinum; Cochliobolus species, for example, Cochliobolus sativus (anamorph: Drechslera, syn: Helminthosporium) or Cochliobolus miyabeanus; Colletotrichum species, for example, Colletotrichum lindemuthanium or Colletotrichum capsica or Colletotrichum acutatum; Corynespora species, for example, Corynespora cassiicola; Cycloconium species, for example, Cycloconium oleaginum; Diaporthe species, for example, Diaporthe citri; Elsinoe species, for example, Elsinoe fawcettii; Gloeosporium species, for example, Gloeosporium laeticolor; Glomerella species, for example, Glomerella cingulata; Guignardia species, for example, Guignardia bidwelli;Leptosphaeria species, such as Leptosphaeria maculans; Magnaporthe species, such as Magnaporthe grisea; Marssonina species, such as Marssonina mali; Microdochium species, such as Microdochium nivale; Monilinia species, such as Monilinia laxa; Mycosphaerella species, such as Mycosphaerella graminicola, Mycosphaerella arachidicola or Mycosphaerella fijiensis; Phaeosphaeria species, such as Phaeosphaeria nodorum; Phyllachora species, such as Phyllachora maydis; Pyrenophora species, such as Pyrenophora teres or Pyrenophora tritici repentis; Ramularia species, such as Ramularia collo-cygni or Ramularia areola; Rhynchosporium species, such as Rhynchosporium secalis; Septoria species, such as Septoria apii or Septoria lycopersici; Setosphaeria species, such as Setosphaeria turcica;Leaf blight and leaf wilt diseases caused by Sclerotinia species, such as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Stagonospora species, such as Stagonospora nodorum; Stemphylium species, such as Stemphylium vesicarium; Typhula species, such as Typhula incarnata; Venturia species, such as Venturia inaequalis; Root and stem diseases caused by, for example, Corticium species, such as Corticium graminearum; Fusarium species, such as Fusarium oxysporum; Gaeumannomyces species, such as Gaeumannomyces graminis; Marssonina species, such as Marssonina mali; Rhizoctonia species, such as Rhizoctonia solani; Sarocladium species, such as Sarocladium oryzae; Sclerotium species, such as Sclerotium oryzae; Tapesia species, such as Tapesia acuformis; Thielaviopsis species, such as Thielaviopsis basicola; For example, diseases of ears and spikelets (including maize cob) caused by Alternaria species, such as Alternaria spp.; Aspergillus species, such as Aspergillus flavus; Cladosporium species, such as Cladosporium cladosporioides; Claviceps species, such as Claviceps purpurea; Fusarium species, such as Fusarium culmorum; Gibberella species, such as Gibberella zeae; Monographella species, such as Monographella nivalis; Stagnospora species, such as Stagnospora nodorum; For example, fruit rot caused by species of Aspergillus, such as Aspergillus flavus; Botrytis, such as Botrytis cinerea; Monilinia, such as Monilinia laxa; Penicillium, such as Penicillium expansum or Penicillium purpurogenum; Phomopsis, such as Phomopsis viticola; Rhizopus, such as Rhizopus stolonifer; Sclerotinia, such as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Verticilium, such as Verticilium alboatrum; For example, Alternaria species, such as Alternaria brassicicola; Aphanomyces species, such as Aphanomyces euteiches; Ascochyta species, such as Ascochyta lentis; Aspergillus species, such as Aspergillus flavus; Cladosporium species, such as Cladosporium herbarum; Cochliobolus species, such as Cochliobolus sativus (conidia: Drechslera, Bipolaris Syn: Helminthosporium); Colletotrichum species, such as Colletotrichum coccodes; Fusarium species, such as Fusarium culmorum; Gibberella species, such as Gibberella zeae; Macrophomina species, such as Macrophomina phaseolina; Microdochium species, such as Microdochium nivale; Monographella species, such as Monographella nivalis; Penicillium species, such as Penicillium expansum; Phoma species, such as Phoma lingam; Phomopsis species, such as Phomopsis sojae;Seed and soil-borne rot and wilt diseases, and seedling diseases caused by Pyrenophora species, such as Pyrenophora graminea; Pyricularia species, such as Pyricularia oryzae; Rhizoctonia species, such as Rhizoctonia solani; Rhizopus species, such as Rhizopus oryzae; Sclerotium species, such as Sclerotium rolfsii; Septoria species, such as Septoria nodorum; Typhula species, such as Typhula incarnata; Verticillium species, such as Verticillium dahliae; For example, cankers, galls and witches' broom diseases caused by Nectria species, such as Nectria galligena; For example, wilt diseases caused by Fusarium species, such as Fusarium oxysporum; Diseases of soybeans: For example, Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria spec. atrans tenuissima), anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporoides dematium var. truncatum), brown spot (Septoria glycines), Cercospora leaf spot and leaf blight (Cercospora kikuchii), Choanephora leaf blight (Choanephora infundibulifera trispora) (Syn.)), Dactuliophora leaf spot (Dactuliophora glycines), downy mildew (Peronospora manshurica), Drechslera stem blight (Drechslera glycini), leaf target spot (Cercospora sojina), Leptosphaerulina leaf spot (Leptosphaerulina trifolii), Leveillula rust (Leveillula Taurica), Phyllosticta leaf spot (Phyllosticta sojaecola), pod and stem blight (Phomopsis sojae), powdery mildew (Microsphaera diffusa), Pyrenochaeta leaf spot (Pyrenochaeta glycines), Rhizoctonia aerial, leaf mass, and web blight (Rhizoctonia solani), anthracnose (Sphaceloma glycines), Stemphylium leaf blight (Stemphylium botryosum), sudden death syndrome (Fusarium virguliforme), target spot (Corynespora cassiicola)-caused leaf, stem, pod, and seed fungal diseases. For example, fungal diseases of the roots and basal parts of the stems caused by microsclerotinia (Calonectria crotalariae), charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina), red mold or wilt, root rot, as well as pod rot and collar rot (Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium orthoceras, Fusarium semitectum, Fusarium equiseti), mycoleptodiscus root rot disease (Mycoleptodiscus terrestris), neocosmospora (Neocosmospora vasinfecta), pod blight and stem blight (Diaporthe phaseolorum), twig blight (Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora), leaf blight (Phialophora gregata), Rhizoctonia root rot, stem rot, and damping-off disease (Rhizoctonia solani), Sclerotinia stem rot disease (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), Sclerotinia southern blight (Sclerotinia rolfsii), Thielaviopsis root rot disease (Thielaviopsis basicola).

[0038] Most preferably, the present invention relates to the use of the compounds of formula (I) for controlling the following diseases; powdery mildew pathogens, Sphaerotheca species, for example, diseases caused by Sphaerotheca fuliginea; For example, leaf blight and leaf wilt caused by Alternaria species, such as Alternaria solani, Alternaria mali, or Alternaria alternata; Cercospora species, such as Cercospora beticola; Colletotrichum species, such as Colletotrichum lindemuthanium, Colletotrichum capsica, or Colletotrichum acutatum; Diaporthe species, such as Diaporthe citri; Phaeosphaeria species, such as Phaeosphaeria nodorum; Pyrenophora species, such as Pyrenophora teres or Pyrenophora tritici repentis; Septoria species, such as Septoria apii or Septoria lycopersici; For example, root and stem diseases caused by Fusarium species, such as Fusarium oxysporum; For example, diseases of ears and cobs (including maize ear axes) caused by Alternaria species, such as the genus Alternaria spp.; Fusarium species, such as Fusarium culmorum; For example, fruit rot caused by Botrytis species, such as Botrytis cinerea; For example, seed and soil-borne rot and blight diseases, as well as seedling diseases caused by Alternaria species, such as Alternaria brassicicola; Colletotrichum species, such as Colletotrichum coccodes; Fusarium species, such as Fusarium culmorum; Pyrenophora species, such as Pyrenophora graminea; Pyricularia species, such as Pyricularia oryzae. For example, blight diseases caused by Fusarium species, such as Fusarium oxysporum;

[0039] Mycotoxin In addition, the compounds of formula (I) and compositions comprising the same may reduce the mycotoxin content in harvested materials and foods and feeds prepared therefrom. Mycotoxins include, but are not limited to, in particular, the following: for example, the following fungi: F. acuminatum, F. asiaticum, F. avenaceum, F. crookwellense, F. culmorum, F. graminearum (Gibberella zeae), F. equiseti, F. fujikoroi, F. musarum, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. poae, F. pseudograminearum, F. sambucinum, F. scirpi, F. semitectum, F. solani, F. sporotrichoides, F. langsethiae, F. subglutinans, F. tricinctum, F. verticillioides and other Fusarium species, and Aspergillus species such as A. flavus, A. parasiticus, A. nomius, A. ochraceus, A. clavatus, A. terreus, A. versicolor, P. verrucosum, P. viridicatum, P. citrinum, P. expansum, P. claviforme, P. roquefortiPenicillium species such as Penicillium roqueforti (P. roqueforti), Claviceps species such as Claviceps purpurea (C. purpurea), Claviceps fusiformis (C. fusiformis), Claviceps paspali (C. paspali), Claviceps africana (C. africana), Stachybotrys species (Stachybotrys spec.), and others, deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol, 15-Ac-DON, 3-Ac-DON, T2- and HT2-toxins, fumonisins, zearalenone, moniliformin, fusarin, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), beauvericin, enniatins, fusaroprolyferin, fusarenol, ochratoxin, patulin, ergot alkaloids, and aflatoxins can be produced therefrom.

[0040] Protection of materials The compounds of formula (I) and compositions comprising the same may be used for the protection of materials, in particular for the protection of industrial materials against attack and destruction by phytopathogenic fungi.

[0041] In addition, the compounds of formula (I) and compositions comprising the same can be used as antifouling compositions, either alone or in combination with other active ingredients.

[0042] In this context, industrial materials are understood to mean inanimate materials manufactured for use in industry. For example, industrial materials to be protected from microbial alteration or destruction can be adhesives, glues, paper, wallpaper, and board / cardboard, textiles, carpets, leather, wood, fibers and tissue paper, paint and plastic products, cooling lubricants, and other products that can be infected or destroyed by microorganisms. Parts of production plants and buildings such as cooling water circuits, cooling systems and heating systems, ventilation units and air conditioning units, which can be impaired by the growth of microorganisms, may also be mentioned within the scope of the materials to be protected. Industrial materials within the scope of the present invention preferably include adhesives, sizing agents, paper and cardboard, leather, wood, paint, cooling lubricants, and transport fluids, more preferably wood.

[0043] The compounds of formula (I) and compositions comprising the same can prevent adverse effects such as rotting, decay, discoloration, decolorization, or mold formation.

[0044] In the case of wood treatment, the compounds of formula (I) and compositions comprising the same may be used against fungal diseases that tend to grow on or inside the wood.

[0045] Wood means all types of wood species and all types of processed products of this wood for construction purposes, such as solid wood, high-density wood, laminated wood, and plywood. In addition, the compounds of formula (I) and compositions comprising the same can be used to protect objects in contact with salt water or brackish water, particularly ship hulls, screens, nets, buildings, mooring systems, and signal systems from fouling.

[0046] The compounds of formula (I) and compositions comprising the same may be used to protect stored products. Stored products are understood to mean natural substances or processed products thereof of plant or animal origin that are of natural origin and for which long-term protection is desired. Stored products of plant origin, such as plants or parts of plants such as stems, leaves, tubers, seeds, fruits, grains, etc., may be protected in the freshly harvested state or after processing by (pre)drying, wetting, grinding, pulverizing, pressing, or roasting. Stored products also include unprocessed wood such as construction timber, utility poles, barriers, etc., or wood in the form of finished products such as furniture. Stored products of animal origin are, for example, hides, leather, furs, and hairs. The compounds of formula (I) and compositions comprising the same can prevent adverse effects such as rotting, decay, discoloration, decolorization, or mold formation.

[0047] Microorganisms capable of decomposing or altering industrial materials include, for example, bacteria, fungi, yeasts, algae, and slime organisms. The compounds of formula (I) and compositions comprising the same are preferably active against fungi, especially molds, wood-staining and wood-decaying fungi (Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Deuteromycetes, and Zygomycetes), as well as slime organisms and algae. By way of example, microorganisms of the following genera may be mentioned: Alternaria such as Alternaria tenuis; Aspergillus such as Aspergillus niger; Chaetomium such as Chaetomium globosum; Coniophora such as Coniophora puetana; Lentinus such as Lentinus tigrinus; Penicillium such as Penicillium glaucum; Polyporus such as Polyporus versicolor; Aureobasidium such as Aureobasidium pullulans; Sclerophoma such as Sclerophoma pityophila; Trichoderma such as Trichoderma viride; Ophiostoma spp., Ceratocystis spp., Humicola spp., Petriella spp., Trichurus spp., Coriolus spp., Gloeophyllum spp., Pleurotus spp.) Poria spp., Serpula spp., and Tyromyces spp., Cladosporium spp., Paecilomyces spp., Mucor spp., Escherichia spp. such as Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas spp. such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus spp. such as Staphylococcus aureus, Candida spp., and Saccharomyces spp. such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

[0048] The plant protection agent may additionally comprise one or more further active ingredients such as fungicides, antibacterial agents, acaricides, nematicides, insecticides, static control agents or herbicides. Mixtures with fertilizers, growth regulators, safeners, nitrification inhibitors, semiochemicals, and / or other agriculturally useful agents are also possible. Thereby, the expansion of the active spectrum and the occurrence of resistance can be prevented.

[0049] The active compounds specified herein by these general names are known and can be found, for example, in the Pesticide Manual (17th Ed., British Crop Protection Council 2015) or on the Internet (http: / / www.alanwood.net / pesticides).

[0050] Examples of fungicides that can be mixed with the compounds and compositions of the present invention are as follows 1) to 15): 1) Inhibitors of ergosterol biosynthesis, for example, (1.001) cyproconazole, (1.002) difenoconazole, (1.003) epoxiconazole, (1.004) fenbuconazole, (1.005) fenhexamid, (1.006) fenpropidin, (1.007) fenpropimorph, (1.008) fenpyrazamine, (1.009) fluoxastrobin, (1.010) flusilazole, (1.011) flutriafol, (1.012) hexaconazole, (1.013) imazalil, (1.014) imazalil sulfate, (1.015) ipconazole, (1.016) ipfentrifluconazole, (1.017) mefentrifluconazole, (1.018) metconazole, (1.019) myclobutanil, (1.020) paclobutrazol, (1.021) penconazole, (1.022) procymidone, (1.023) propiconazole, (1.024) prothioconazole, (1.025) pyriproxyfen, (1.026) spiroxamine, (1.027) tebuconazole, (1.028) tetraconazole, (1.029) triadimenol, (1.030) tridemorph, (1.031) triticonazole, (1.032) (1R,2S,5S)-5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol, (1.033) (1S,2R,5R)-5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol, (1.034) (2R)-2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-4-[(1R)-2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol, (1.035) (2R)-2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-4-[(1S)-2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl] -1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol, (1.036) (2R)-2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol, (1.037) (2S)-2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-4-[(1R)-2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol, (1.038) (2S)-2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-4-[(1S)-2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol, (1.039) (2S)-2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol, (1.040) (R)-[3-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,2-oxazol-4-yl](pyridin-3-yl)methanol, (1.041) (S)-[3-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,2-oxazol-4-yl](pyridin-3-yl)methanol, (1.042) [3-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,2-oxazol-4-yl](pyridin-3-yl)methanol, (1.043) 1-({(2R,4S)-2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl}methyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole, (1.044) 1-({(2S,4S)-2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl}methyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole, (1.045) 1-{[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxolan-2-yl]methyl}-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl thiocyanate, (1.046) 1-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxolan-2-yl]methyl}-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl thiocyanate, (1.047) 1-{[(rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl} thiocyanate, (1.048) 2-[(2R,4R,5R)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.049) 2-[(2R,4R,5S)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,... 6-Trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.050) 2-[(2R,4S,5R)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.051) 2-[(2R,4S,5S)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.052) 2-[(2S,4R,5R)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.053) 2-[(2S,4R,5S)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.054) 2-[(2S,4S,5R)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.055) 2-[(2S,4S,5S)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.056) 2-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.057) 2-[6-(4-bromophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol, (1.058) 2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol, (1.059) 2-{[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.060) 2-{[(rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl)methyl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.061) 2-{[(rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl)methyl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.062) 3-[2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(3-chloro-2-fluoro-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-propyl]imidazole-4-carbonitrile, (1.063) 5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-. (Chloromethyl)-2-methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol, (1.064) 5-(allylsulfanyl)-1-{[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-1H-1,2,4-triazole, (1.065) 5-(allylsulfanyl)-1-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-1H-1,2,4-triazole, (1.066) 5-(allylsulfanyl)-1-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-1H-1,2,4-triazole, (1.067) Methyl 2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-2-hydroxy-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propanoate, (1.068) N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-(2-methylbenzyl)phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformimidamide, (1.069) N'-(2-chloro-4-(4-cyanobenzyl)-5-methylphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformimidamide, (1.070) N'-(2-chloro-4-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-methylphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformimidamide, (1.071) N'-(2-chloro-5-methyl-4-phenoxyphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidohydroxyamide, (1.072) N'-(4-benzyl-2-chloro-5-methylphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformimidamide, (1.073) N'-[2-chloro-4-(2-fluorophenoxy)-5-methylphenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methylimidohydroxyamide, (1.074) N'-[5-bromo-6-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yloxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl]-N-ethyl-N-methylimidohydroxyamide, (1.075) N'-{4-[(4,5-dichloro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)oxy]-2,5-dimethylphenyl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidohydroxyamide, (1.076) N'-{5-bromo-2-methyl-6-[(1-propoxypropan-2-yl)oxy]pyridin-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidohydroxamic acid, (1.077) N'-{5-bromo-6-[(1R)-1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2-methylpyridin-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidohydroxamic acid, (1.078) N'-{5-bromo-6-[(1S)-1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2-methylpyridin-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidohydroxamic acid, (1.079) N'-{5-bromo-6-[(cis-4-isopropylcyclohexyl)oxy]-2-methylpyridin-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidohydroxamic acid, (1.080) N'-{5-bromo-6-[(trans-4-isopropylcyclohexyl)oxy]-2-methylpyridin-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidohydroxamic acid, (1.081) N'-{5-bromo-6-[1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2-methylpyridin-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidohydroxamic acid, (1.082) N-isopropyl-N'-[5-methoxy-2-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl)phenyl]-N-methylimidohydroxamic acid (1.083) 4-[(E)-[ethyl(methyl)amino]methyleneamino]-2,5-dimethylbenzoic acid p-tolylmethyl. 2) Inhibitors of the respiratory chain in Complex I or II, for example, (2.001) benzovindiflupyr, (2.002) bixafen, (2.003) boscalid, (2.004) carboxin, (2.005) cyclobutrifluram, (2.006) flubeneteram, (2.007) fluindapyr, (2.008) fluopyram, (2.009) flutolanil, (2.010) fluxapyroxad, (2.011) flutriafol, (2.012) ipfencarbazone, (2.013) isfetamid, (2.014) isoflucypram, (2.015) isopyrazam, (2.016) penflufen, (2.017) penthiopyrad, (2.018) pidiflumetofen, (2.019) pyrapropion, (2.020) pyraziflumid, (2.021) sedaxane, (2.022) tiadinil, (2.023) 5,8-difluoro-N-[2-(2-fluoro-4-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenyl)ethyl]quinazolin-4-amine, (2.024) 5-chloro-N-[2-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxyethyl]-6-ethyl-pyrimidin-4-amine, (2.025) N-[2-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxyethyl]quinazolin-4-amine, (2.026) 1,3-dimethyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.027) 1,3-dimethyl-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.028) 1,3-dimethyl-N-[(3S)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.029) 1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-N-[2'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.030) 2-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)benzamide, (2.031) 3-(Difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.032) 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[(3S)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.033) 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-7-fluoro-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.034) 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3S)-7-fluoro-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.035) N-[(1R,4S)-9-(dichloromethylene)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.036) N-[(1S,4R)-9-(dichloromethylene)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.037) N-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxypropan-2-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.038) N-[rac-(1S,2S)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)cyclobutyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)nicotinamide. 3) Inhibitors of the respiratory chain in complex III, such as, (3.001) ametoctradin, (3.002) amisulbrom, (3.003) azoxystrobin, (3.004) coumethoxystrobin, (3.005) cumoxystrobin, (3.006) cyazofamid, (3.007) simoxystrobin, (3.008) enoxastrobin, (3.009) famoxadone, (3.010) fenamidone, (3.011) fenpicoxamid, (3.012) florpicoxamid, (3.013) fluopicoxystrobin, (3.014) fluoxastrobin, (3.015) kresoxim-methyl, (3.016) mandestrobin, (3.017) metapyrifos, (3.018) metominostrobin, (3.019) methyltetraprole, (3.020) orysastrobin, (3.021) picoxystrobin, (3.022) pyraclostrobin, (3.023) pyra-metostrobin, (3.024) pyraoxystrobin, (3.025) trifloxystrobin, (3.026) (2E)-2-{2-[({[(1E)-1-(3-{[(E)-1-fluoro-2-phenylvinyl]oxy}phenyl)ethylidene]amino}oxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methylacetamide, (3.027) (2E,3Z)-5-{[1-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy}-2-(methoxyimino)-N,3-dimethylpenta-3-enamide, (3.028) (2E,3Z)-5-{[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy}-2-(methoxyimino)-N,3-dimethylpenta-3-enamide, (3.029) (2R)-2-{2-[(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-methoxy-N-methylacetamide, (3.030) (2S)-2-{2-[(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-methoxy-N-methylacetamide, (3.031) (Z,2E)-5-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxy-2-methoxyimino-N,3-dimethyl-penta-3-enamide, (3.032) (Z)-2-(5-cyclohexyl-2-methyl-phenoxy)-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoic acid methyl, (3.(Z)-2-(5-Cyclopentyl-2-methyl-phenoxy)-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoic acid methyl ester, (3.034)(Z)-3-methoxy-2-[2-methyl-5-(3-propylpyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy]prop-2-enoic acid methyl ester, (3.035) (Z)-Methyl 3-methoxy-2-[2-methyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]phenoxy]prop-2-enoate, (3.036) Methyl {5-[3-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-2-methylbenzyl}carbamate, (3.037) (2S)-2-[(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]propanoic acid [rac-2-(4-bromo-7-fluoro-indol-1-yl)-1-methyl-propyl], (3.038) (2S)-2-[(3-Acetoxy-4-methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]propanoic acid [rac-2-(7-bromo-4-fluoro-indol-1-yl)-1-methyl-propyl], (3.039) (2S)-2-[(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]propanoic acid [rac-2-(7-bromoindol-1-yl)-1-methyl-propyl], (3.040) (2S)-2-[(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]propanoic acid [rac-2-(3,5-dichloro-2-pyridyl)-1-methyl-propyl], (3.041) (2S)-2-[(3-Acetoxy-4-methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]propanoic acid [(1S)-1-[1-(1-naphthyl)cyclopropyl]ethyl], (3.042) (2S)-2-[(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]propanoic acid [(1S)-1-[1-(1-naphthyl)cyclopropyl]ethyl], (3.043) (2S)-2-[[3-(Acetoxymethoxy)-4-methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]propanoic acid [(1S)-1-[1-(1-naphthyl)cyclopropyl]ethyl], (3.044) 2-Methylpropanoic acid [2-[[(1S)-2-[(1RS,2SR)-2-(3,5-dichloro-2-pyridyl)-1-methyl-propoxy]-1-methyl-2-oxo-ethyl]carbamoyl]-4-methoxy-3-pyridyl]oxymethyl, (3.045) N-(3-Ethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl)-3-formamido-2-hydroxybenzamide. 4) Inhibitors of mitosis and cell division, for example, (4.001) carbendazim, (4.002) diethofencarb, (4.003) ethaboxam, (4.004) fluopicolide, (4.005) fluopyram, (4.006) metrafenone, (4.007) penthiopyrad, (4.008) pyridachlometyl, (4.009) pyriofenone (clazafenone), (4.010) thiabendazole, (4.011) thiophanate-methyl, (4.012) zoxamide, (4.013) 3-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6-methylpyridazine, (4.014) 3-chloro-5-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)-6-methyl-4-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)pyridazine, (4.015) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine, (4.016) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine, (4.017) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-bromophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine, (4.018) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine, (4.019) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine, (4.020) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine, (4.021) 4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine, (4.022) 4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine, (4.023) 4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine, (4.024) 4-(2-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine, (4.025) 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-3,6-dimethylpyridazine, (4.026) N-(2-bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine, (4.027) N-(2-bromophenyl)-4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine, (4.028) N-(4-chloro-2,6-difluorophenyl)-4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine. 5) Compounds that can have multi-site action, for example, (5.001) Bordeaux mixture, (5.002) captafol, (5.003) captan, (5.004) chlorothalonil, (5.005) copper hydroxide, (5.006) copper naphthenate, (5.007) copper oxide, (5.008) copper oxychloride, (5.009) copper(II) sulfate, (5.010) dithianon, (5.011) dodine, (5.012) folpet, (5.013) mancozeb, (5.014) maneb, (5.015) metiram, (5.016) metiram zinc, (5.017) copper oxine, (5.018) propineb, (5.019) sulfur and sulfur preparations containing calcium polysulfide, (5.020) thiram, (5.021) dinneb, (5.022) dithiram, (5.023) 6-ethyl-5,7-dioxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3’,4’:5,6][1,4]dithieno[2,3-c][1,2]thiazole-3-carbonitrile. 6) Compounds that can include host defense, for example, (6.001) acibenzolar-S-methyl, (6.002) fosetyl aluminum, (6.003) fosetyl calcium, (6.004) fosetyl sodium, (6.005) isothianyl, (6.006) phosphorous acid and its salts, (6.007) probenazole, (6.008) thiabdinyl. 7) Inhibitors of the amino acid and / or protein biosynthesis, for example, (7.001) cyprodinil, (7.002) kasugamycin, (7.003) kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, (7.004) oxytetracycline, (7.005) pyrimethanil. 8) Inhibitors of ATP production, for example, (8.001) silthiopham. 9) Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis, for example, (9.001) benthiavalicarb, (9.002) dimethomorph, (9.003) flumorph, (9.004) iprovalicarb, (9.005) mandipropamid, (9.006) pyrimorph, (9.007) valifenalate, (9.008) (2E)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-1-(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en-1-one, (9.009) (2Z)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-1-(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en-1-one. 10) Inhibitors of lipid synthesis or transport, or membrane synthesis, for example, (10.001) fluoxapiprolin, (10.002) natamycin, (10.003) oxathiapiprolin, (10.004) propamocarb, (10.005) propamocarb hydrochloride, (10.006) propamocarb fosetylate, (10.007) tolclofos-methyl, (10.008) 1-(4-{4-[(5R)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-1-yl)-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]ethanone, (10.009) 1-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-1-yl)-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]ethanone, (10.010) 2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl}-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethanone, (10.011) 2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-chloro-6-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl}-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethanone, (10.012) 2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-fluoro-6-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl}-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethanone, (10.013) 2-{(5R)-3-[2-(1-{[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl}-3-chlorophenylmethanesulfonate, (10.014) 2-{(5S)-3-[2-(1-{[3,5-Bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl}-3-chlorophenyl methanesulfonate, (10.015) 2-{3-[2-(1-{[3,5-Bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl}phenyl methanesulfonate, (10.016) 3-[2-(1-{[5-Methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-1,5-dihydro-2,4-benzodioxepin-6-yl methanesulfonate, (10.017) 9-Fluoro-3-[2-(1-{[5-Methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-1,5-dihydro-2,4-benzodioxepin-6-yl methanesulfonate, (10.018) 3-[2-(1-{[3,5-Bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-1,5-dihydro-2,4-benzodioxepin-6-yl methanesulfonate, (10.019) 3-[2-(1-{[3,5-Bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-9-fluoro-1,5-dihydro-2,4-benzodioxepin-6-yl methanesulfonate. 11) Inhibitors of melanin biosynthesis, for example, (11.001) tolprocarb, (11.002) tricyclazole. 12) Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis, for example, (12.001) benalaxyl, (12.002) benalaxyl-M (kiralaxyl), (12.003) metalaxyl, (12.004) metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam). 13) Inhibitors of signal transduction, for example, (13.001) fluazinam, (13.002) iprodione, (13.003) procymidone, (13.004) proquinazid, (13.005) quinoxyfen, (13.006) vinclozolin. 14) Compounds that can act as uncouplers, for example, (14.001) fluazinam, (14.002) meptyldinocap. 15) Further compounds, for example, (15.001) abscisic acid, (15.002) aminopyrifen, (15.003) benzothiazole, (15.004) bexarotene, (15.005) capsimycin, (15.006) carboxin, (15.007) chinomethionat, (15.008) chloroinnocid, (15.009) cymoxanil, (15.010) cyflufenamid, (15.011) cymoxanil, (15.012) cyprosulfamide, (15.013) diphenylamine, (15.014) D-tagatose, (15.015) flufenoxadiazam, (15.016) flumezin, (15.017) flutianil, (15.018) iprobenfos, (15.019) methyl isothiocyanate, (15.020) milbemycin, (15.021) nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, (15.022) nitrothal-isopropyl, (15.023) oxyphenisatin, (15.024) pentachlorophenol and salts, (15.025) picarbutrazox, (15.026) quinofumelin, (15.027) tebufloquin, (15.028) tecnazene, (15.029) tolfenpyrad, (15.030) 2-(6-benzylpyridin-2-yl)quinazoline, (15.031) 2-[6-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methylpyridin-2-yl]quinazoline, (15.032) 2-phenylphenol and salts, (15.033) 4-amino-5-fluoropyrimidin-2-ol (tautomer: 4-amino-5-fluoropyrimidin-2(1H)-one), (15.034) 4-oxo-4-[(2-phenylethyl)amino]butanoic acid, (15.035) 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol, (15.036) 5-chloro-N'-phenyl-N'-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)thiophene-2-sulfonohydrazide, (15.037) 5-fluoro-2-[(4-fluorobenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-amine, (15.038) 5-fluoro-2-[(4-methylbenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-amine, (15.039) But-3-yn-1-yl {6-[({[(Z)-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)(phenyl)methylene]amino}oxy)methyl]pyridin-2-yl}carbamate, (15.040) Ethyl (2Z)-3-amino-2-cyano-3-phenylacrylate, (15.041) Methyl 2-[acetyl-[2-ethylsulfonyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino]-5-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoate, (15.042) N-Acetyl-N-[2-bromo-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2-ethylsulfonyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, (15.043) Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, (15.044) Propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, (15.045) Quinolin-8-ol, (15.046) Quinolin-8-ol sulfate (2:1), (15.047) (2R)-2-Benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2,4-dimethyl-pentanamide, (15.048) (2S)-2-Benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2,4-dimethyl-pentanamide, (15.049) 1-(4,5-Dimethyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline, (15.050) 1-(4,5-Dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4,4,5-trifluoro-3,3-dimethyl-isoquinoline, (15.051) 1-(5-(Fluoromethyl)-6-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline, (15.052) 1-(5,6-Dimethylpyridin-3-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline, (15.053) 1-(6-(Difluoromethyl)-5-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline, (15.054) 1-(6-(Difluoromethyl)-5-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline, (15.055) 1-(6,7-Dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)-4,4,5-trifluoro-3,3-dimethyl-isoquinoline, (15.056) 1-(6,7-Dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline, (15.057) 2-{2-Fluoro-6-[(8-fluoro-2-methylquinolin-3-yl)oxy]phenyl}propan-2-ol, (15.058) 3-(4,4,5-Trifluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1-yl)quinoline, (15.059) 3-(4,4-Difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1-yl)-8-fluoroquinoline, (15.060) 3-(4,4-Difluoro-5,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-7-yl)quinoline, (15.061) 3-(5-Fluoro-3,3,4,4-tetramethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1-yl)quinoline, (15.062) 4,4-Difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-1-(4-methylbenzimidazol-1-yl)isoquinoline, (15.063) 4,4-Difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-1-(6-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)isoquinoline, (15.064) 5-Bromo-1-(5,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline, (15.065) 7,8-Difluoro-N-[rac-1-benzyl-1,3-dimethyl-butyl]quinoline-3-carboxamide, (15.066) 8-Fluoro-3-(5-fluoro-3,3,4,4-tetramethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1-yl)-quinoline, (15.067) 8-Fluoro-3-(5-fluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1-yl)-quinoline, (15.068) 8-Fluoro-N-(4,4,4-trifluoro-2-methyl-1-phenylbutan-2-yl)quinoline-3-carboxamide, (15.069) 8-Fluoro-N-[(1R)-1-[(3-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1,3-dimethyl-butyl]quinoline-3-carboxamide, (15.070) 8-Fluoro-N-[(1S)-1-[(3-trifluorophenyl)methyl]-1,3-dimethyl-butyl]quinoline-3-carboxamide, (15.071) 8-Fluoro-N-[(2S)-4,4,4-trifluoro-2-methyl-1-phenylbutan-2-yl]quinoline-3-carboxamide, (15.072) 8-Fluoro-N-[rac-1-[(3-trifluorophenyl)methyl]-1,3-dimethyl-butyl]quinoline-3-carboxamide, (15.073) 9-Fluoro-2,2-dimethyl-5-(quinolin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazepine, (15.074) N-(2,4-Dimethyl-1-phenylpentan-2-yl)-8-fluoroquinoline-3-carboxamide, (15.075) N-[(1R)-1-benzyl-1,3-dimethyl-butyl]-7,8-difluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide, (15.076) N-[(1S)-1-benzyl-1,3-dimethyl-butyl]-7,8-difluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide, (15.077) N-[(2R)-2,4-dimethyl-1-phenylpentan-2-yl]-8-fluoroquinoline-3-carboxamide, (15.078) rac-2-Benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2,4-dimethyl-pentanamide, (15.079) 1,1-Diethyl-3-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.080) 1,3-Dimethoxy-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.081) 1-[[3-Fluoro-4-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl]methyl]azepan-2-one, (15.082) 1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]piperidin-2-one, (15.083) 1-Methoxy-1-methyl-3-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.084) 1-Methoxy-3-methyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.085) 1-Methoxy-3-methyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.086) 2-(Difluoromethyl)-5-[2-[1-(2,6-difluorophenyl)cyclopropoxy]pyrimidin-5-yl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole, (15.087) 2,2-Difluoro-N-methyl-2-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]acetamide, (15.088) 3,3-Dimethyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]piperidin-2-one, (15.089) 3-Ethyl-1-methoxy-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.090) 4,4-Dimethyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrrolidin-2-one, (15.091) 4,4-Dimethyl-2-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidin-3-one, (15.092) 4-[5-(Trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl dimethylcarbamate, (15.093) 5,5-Dimethyl-2-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidin-3-one, (15.094) 5-[5-(Difluoromethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-N-[(1R)-1-(2,6-difluorophenyl)ethyl]pyrimidin-2-amine, (15.095) 5-[5-(Difluoromethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-N-[(1R)-1-(2,6-difluorophenyl)propyl]pyrimidin-2-amine, (15.096) 5-[5-(Difluoromethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-N-[(1R)-1-(2-fluorophenyl)ethyl]pyrimidin-2-amine, (15.097) 5-[5-(Difluoromethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-N-[(1R)-1-(2-fluorophenyl)ethyl]pyrimidin-2-amine, (15.098) 5-[5-(Difluoromethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-N-[(1R)-1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl]pyrimidin-2-amine, (15.099) 5-[5-(Difluoromethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-N-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]pyrimidin-2-amine, (15.100) 5-[5-(Difluoromethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-N-[1-(2-fluorophenyl)cyclopropyl]pyrimidin-2-amine, (15.101) 5-methyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2. ,4-Oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrrolidin-2-one, (15.102) Ethyl 1-{4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzyl}-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate, (15.103) Methyl {4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}carbamate, (15.104) N-(1-Methylcyclopropyl)-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.105) N-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.106) N,2-Dimethoxy-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide, (15.107) N,N-Dimethyl-1-{4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzyl}-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-amine, (15.108) N-[(E)-Methoxyiminomethyl]-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.109) N-[(E)-N-Methoxy-C-methyl-carboximidoyl]-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.110) N-[(Z)-Methoxyiminomethyl]-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.111) N-[(Z)-N-Methoxy-C-methyl-carboximidoyl]-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.112) N-[[2,3-Difluoro-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]-3,3,3-trifluoropropanamide, (15.113) N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide, (15.(15.114) N-[4-[5-(Trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide, (15.115) N-{2,3-difluoro-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzyl}butanamide, (15.116) N-{4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzyl}cyclopropanecarboxamide, (15.117) N-{4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}propanamide, (15.118) N-allyl-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]acetamide, (15.119) N-allyl-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide, (15.120) N-ethyl-2-methyl-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide, (15.121) N-methoxy-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide, (15.122) N-methyl-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.123) N-methyl-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzenecarbothioamide, (15.124) N-methyl-N-phenyl-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide.

[0051] All named mixed partners of the above classifications (1) to (15) can exist in the form of the free compound or, where their functional groups permit, in the form of their agrochemically active salts.

[0052] The compounds and compositions of the present invention may be combined with one or more biological control agents.

[0053] As used herein, the term "biological control" is defined as the control of pests such as phytopathogenic fungi and / or insects and / or mites and / or nematodes by the use or adoption of biocontrol agents.

[0054] As used herein, the term "biocontrol agent" is defined as an organism other than a harmful organism and / or a protein or secondary metabolite produced by such an organism for biological control. Variants of the second organism shall be included in the definition of biocontrol agent. The term "variant" refers to a variant of the parent strain, as well as a method for obtaining a variant or variant having pesticidal activity greater than that expressed by the parent strain. The "parent strain" is defined herein as the original strain prior to mutagenesis. To obtain such variants, the parent strain can be adequately treated with chemicals such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, ethyl methanesulfonate, or by irradiation using gamma rays, X-rays, or UV irradiation, or by other means well known to those skilled in the art. Known mechanisms of biocontrol agents include enteric bacteria that control root rot by defeating fungi for the space on the surface of the roots. Bacterial toxins such as antibiotics have been used to control pathogens. The toxin can be isolated and applied directly to plants, or the bacterial species can be administered to produce the toxin in situ.

[0055] A "variant" is a strain having all the identifying characteristics of the NRRL or ATCC deposit number shown in this specification and can be identified as having a genome that hybridizes under high stringency conditions to the genome of the NRRL or ATCC deposit number.

[0056] "Hybridization" refers to a reaction in which one or more polynucleotides react to form a complex that is stabilized via hydrogen bonds between the bases of nucleotide residues. The hydrogen bonds can occur through Watson-Crick base pairing, Hoogstein binding, or other sequence-specific ways. The complex can comprise two strands forming a double-stranded structure, three or more strands forming a multi-stranded complex, a single self-hybridizing strand, or any combination thereof. The hybridization reaction can be carried out under various "stringency" conditions. Generally, a low-stringency hybridization reaction is carried out at about 40 °C in a solution of 10× SSC or equivalent ionic strength / temperature. A hybridization reaction of moderate stringency is typically carried out at about 50 °C in 6× SSC, and a highly stringent hybridization reaction is carried out at about 60 °C in approximately 1× SSC.

[0057] Variants with the indicated NRRL or ATCC accession numbers can also be defined as strains having a genomic sequence with more than 85%, more preferably more than 90%, or more preferably more than 95% sequence identity to the genome of the indicated NRRL or ATCC accession number. When a polynucleotide or polynucleotide region (or polypeptide or polypeptide region) has a certain percentage (e.g., 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%) of "sequence identity" to another sequence, it means that when aligned, the percentage of its bases (or amino acids) is the same when the two sequences are compared. This alignment and percent homology or sequence identity can be determined using software programs known in the art, such as those described in "Current Protocols in Molecular Biology" (F. M. Ausubel et al., eds., 1987).

[0058] "NRRL" is an abbreviation for "Agricultural Research Service Culture Collection", and is an international depository institution for the deposit of microbial strains for the purpose of depositing microorganisms for patent procedures, based on the Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure. Its location is at 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA, the National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

[0059] "ATCC" is an abbreviation for "American Type Culture Collection", and is an international depository institution for the deposit of microbial strains for the purpose of depositing microorganisms for patent procedures, based on the Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure. Its location is at 10801 University Boulevard, Manassas, Virginia 20110, USA, ATCC Patent Depository.

[0060] Examples of biological control agents that may be combined with the compounds and compositions of the present invention are as follows (A) to (G): (A) Antibacterial agents selected from the following groups: (A1)(A1.01)Bacillus subtilis, particularly strain QST713 / AQ713 (available from Bayer CropScience LP, USA, as SERENADE OPTI or SERENADE ASO, NRRL Deposit No. B21661, US Patent No. 6,060,051); (A1.02) Bacillus sp., particularly strain D747 (available from Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. as DOUBLE NICKEL®), Deposit No. FERM BP-8234, US Patent No. 7,094,592; (A1.03) Bacillus pumilus, particularly strain BU F-33, NRRL Deposit No. 50185 (available from BASF as part of the CARTISSA® product, European Registration No. 71840-19); (A1.04) Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24 Deposit No. DSM 10271 (available from Novozymes as TAEGRO® or TAEGRO®), ECO (EPA Registration No. 70127-5); (A1.05) Paenibacillus sp. strain Deposit No. NRRL B-50972 or Deposit No. NRRL B-67129, International Publication No. 2016 / 154297; (A1.06) Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814, (available from BASF SE as VELONDIS® PLUS, VELONDIS® FLEX and VELONDIS® EXTRA); (A1.07) Bacillus mojavensis strain R3B (Deposit No. NCAIM(P)B001389) (International Publication No. 2013 / 034938), from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.; (A1.08) Bacillus subtilis CX-9060, from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.; (A1.(09) Paenibacillus polymyxa, in particular strain AC-1 (e.g., from TOPSEED®, Green Biotech Company Ltd.); (A1.10) Pseudomonas proradix (e.g., from PRORADIX®, Sourcon Padena); (A1.11) Pantoea agglomerans, in particular strain E325 (Deposit No. NRRL B-21856) (available from Northwest Agri Products as BLOOMTIME BIOLOGICAL™ FD BIOPESTICIDE), and the like bacteria; and. (A2) (A2.01) Aureobasidium pullulans, in particular the budding spores of strain DSM14940, the budding spores of strain DSM 14941 or a mixture of the budding spores of strain DSM14940 and strain DSM14941 (e.g., BOTECTOR®, BLOSSOM PROTECT® bio-ferm, from Switzerland); (A2.02) Pseudozyma aphidis (disclosed in WO2011 / 151819 (Hebrew University Yissum Research Development Company)); (A2.03) Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in particular strains CNCM No. I-3936, CNCM No. I-3937, CNCM No. I-3938 or CNCM No. I-3939 (International Publication No. 2010 / 086790), Lesaffre et Compagnie, France, and the like fungi; (B) A biocide selected from the following group: (B1) Bacteria, for example: (B1.01) Bacillus subtilis, in particular, strain QST713 / AQ713 (available from Bayer CropScience LP, USA, as SERENADE OPTI or SERENADE ASO, described in NRRL Deposit No. B21661 and US Patent No. 6,060,051); (B1.02) Bacillus pumilus, in particular, strain QST2808 (available from Bayer CropScience LP, USA, as SONATA®, described in Deposit No. NRRL B-30087 and US Patent No. 6,245,551); (B1.03) Bacillus pumilus, in particular, strain GB34 (available from Bayer AG, Germany, as Yield Shield®); (B1.04) Bacillus pumilus, in particular, strain BU F-33, NRRL Deposit No. 50185 (available from BASF as part of the CARTISSA product, European Registration No. 71840-19); (B1.05) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, in particular, strain D747 (available from Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. as Double Nickel™, Deposit No. FERM BP-8234, US Patent No. 7,094,592); (B1.06) Bacillus subtilis Y1336 (available from Bion-Tech, Taiwan, as BIOBAC® WP, registered as a biopesticide in Taiwan under registration numbers 4764, 5454, 5096 and 5277); (B1.07) Bacillus subtilis strain MBI 600 (available from BASF SE as SUBTILEX), Deposit No. NRRL B-50595, US Patent No. 5,061,495; (B1.08) Bacillus subtilis strain GB03 (available from Bayer AG, Germany, as Kodiak®); (B1.09) Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24, deposit No. DSM 10271 (available from Novozymes as TAEGRO® or TAEGRO®; ECO, EPA registration No. 70127-5); (B1.10) Bacillus mycoides isolate J, deposit No. B-30890 (available from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co., as BMJ TGAI® or WG and LifeGard™); (B1.11) Bacillus licheniformis, in particular strain SB3086, deposit No. ATCC 55406, International Publication No. WO 2003 / 000051 (available from Novozymes as ECOGUARD® biocide and GREEN RELEAF™); (B1.12) Paenibacillus sp. strain deposit No. NRRL B-50972 or deposit No. NRRL B-67129, International Publication No. WO 2016 / 154297; (B1.13) Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814 (available from BASF SE as VELONDIS® PLUS, VELONDIS® FLEX and VELONDIS® EXTRA); (B1.14) Bacillus subtilis CX-9060 from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.; (B1.15) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain F727 (also known as strain MBI110) (NRRL deposit No. B-50768; International Publication No. WO 2014 / 028521) (available from Marrone Bio Innovations as STARGUS®); (B1.16) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB42, deposit No.DSM 23117 (available from ABiTEP, Germany, as RHIZOVITAL®); (B1.17) Bacillus licheniformis FMCH001 and Bacillus subtilis FMCH002 (from FMC Corporation as QUARTZO® (WG) and PRESENCE® (WP)); (B1.18) Bacillus mojavensis strain R3B (Deposit No. NCAIM(P)B001389) (International Publication No. WO 2013 / 034938), from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.; (B1.19) Paenibacillus polymyxa ssp. plantarum (International Publication No. WO 2016 / 020371), from BASF SE; (B1.20) Paenibacillus epiphyticus (International Publication No. WO 2016 / 020371), from BASF SE; (B1.21) Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain AFS009, Deposit No. NRRL B-50897, International Publication No. WO 2017 / 019448 (e.g., from AgBiome Innovations, USA, as HOWLER™ and ZIO®); (B1.22) Pseudomonas chlororaphis, in particular strain MA342 (e.g., from Bioagri and Koppert as CEDOMON®, CERALL®, and CEDRESS®); (B1.23) Streptomyces lydicus strain WYEC108 (also known as Streptomyces lydicus strain WYCD108US) (from Novozymes as ACTINO-IRON® and ACTINOVATE®); (B1.24) Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K84 (e.g., from AgBioChem, Canada, as GALLTROL-A®); (B1.25) Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K1026 (e.g., from BASF SE, as NOGALL™); (B1.26) Bacillus subtilis KTSB strain (from Donaghys, as FOLIACTIVE®); (B1.27) Bacillus subtilis IAB / BS03 (from STK Bio-Ag Technologies, as AVIV™); (B1.28) Bacillus subtilis strain Y1336 (available from Bion-Tech, Taiwan, as BIOBAC® WP, registered as a biopesticide under Taiwan registration numbers 4764, 5454, 5096, and 5277); (B1.29) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolate B246 (e.g., from Pretoria University, as AVOGREEN™); (B1.30) Bacillus methylotrophicus strain BAC-9912 (from Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecology); (B1.31) Pseudomonas proradix (e.g., from Sourcon Padena, as PRORADIX®); (B1.32) Streptomyces griseoviridis strain K61 (also known as Streptomyces galbus strain K61) (Deposit No. DSM 7206) (from Verdera, as MYCOSTOP®; from BioWorks, as PREFENCE®; see Crop Protection 2006, 25, 468 - 475); (B1.33) Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 (e.g., from NuFarm as BLIGHTBAN® A506); and. (B2)(B2.01) *Coniothyrium minitans*, especially strain CON / M / 91-8 (Deposit No. DSM-9660; available, for example, as Contans® from Bayer CropScience Biologics GmbH); (B2.02) *Metschnikowia fructicola*, especially strain NRRL Y-30752; (B2.03) *Microsphaeropsis ochracea*; (B2.04) *Trichoderma atroviride*, especially strain SC1 (Deposit No. CBS 122089, International Publication No. WO 2009 / 116106 and U.S. Patent No. 8,431,120 (from Bi-PA)), strain 77B (T77 from Andermatt Biocontrol) or strain LU132 (available, for example, as Sentinel from Agrimm Technologies Limited); (B2.05) *Trichoderma harzianum* strain T-22 (available, for example, as Trianum-P from Andermatt Biocontrol or Koppert) or strain Cepa Simb-T5 (from Simbiose Agro); (B2.06) *Gliocladium roseum* (also known as *Clonostachys rosea f. rosea*), especially strain 321U from Adjuvants Plus, strain ACM941 disclosed by Xue (Efficacy of Clonostachys rosea strain ACM941 and fungicide seed treatments for controlling the root rot complex of field pea, Can Jour Plant Sci 83(3): 519-524), or strain IK726 (Jensen DF, et al.Development of a biocontrol agent for plant disease control with special emphasis on the near commercial fungal antagonist Clonostachys rosea strain ‘IK726’; Australas Plant Pathol. 2007; 36: 95-101); (B2.07) Talaromyces flavus, strain V117b; (B2.08) Trichoderma viride, especially strain B35 (Pietr et al., 1993, Zesz. Nauk. A R w Szczecinie 161: 125-137); (B2.09) Trichoderma asperellum, especially strain SKT-1, deposit No. FERM P-16510 (e.g., from Kumiai Chemical Industry as ECO-HOPE®), strain T34 (e.g., from Biocontrol Technologies S.L., Spain as T34 Biocontrol) or strain ICC 012 from Isagro; (B2.10) Trichoderma atroviride, strain CNCM I-1237 (e.g., from Agrauxine, France as Esquive® WP); (B2.11) Trichoderma atroviride, strain No. V08 / 002387; (B2.12) Trichoderma atroviride, strain NMI No. V08 / 002388; (B2.13) Trichoderma atroviride, strain NMI No. V08 / 002389; (B2.14) Trichoderma atroviride, strain NMI No. V08 / 002390; (B2.(15) Trichoderma atroviride, strain LC52 (e.g., from Agrimm Technologies Limited as Tenet); (B2.16) Trichoderma atroviride, strain ATCC 20476 (IMI 206040); (B2.17) Trichoderma atroviride, strain T11 (IMI352941 / CECT20498); (B2.18) Trichoderma harmatum; (B2.19) Trichoderma harzianum; (B2.20) Trichoderma harzianum rifai T39 (e.g., from Makhteshim, USA as Trichodex®); (B2.21) Trichoderma asperellum, particularly strain kd (e.g., from Andermatt Biocontrol as T-Gro); (B2.22) Trichoderma harzianum, strain ITEM 908 (e.g., from Koppert as Trianum-P); (B2.23) Trichoderma harzianum, strain TH35 (e.g., from Mycontrol as Root-Pro); (B2.24) Trichoderma virens (also known as Gliocladium virens), particularly strain GL-21 (e.g., from Certis, USA as SoilGard); (B2.25) Trichoderma viride, strain TV1 (e.g., from Koppert as Trianum-P); (B2.26) Ampelomyces quisqualis, particularly strain AQ 10 (e.g., from IntrachemBio Italia as AQ 10®); (B2.(B2.27) Aureobasidium pullulans, in particular, the budding spores of strain DSM14940; (B2.28) Aureobasidium pullulans, in particular, the budding spores of strain DSM 14941; (B2.29) Aureobasidium pullulans, in particular, a mixture of budding spores of strain DSM14940 and strain DSM 14941 (for example, Botector® from bio-ferm, Switzerland); (B2.30) Cladosporium cladosporioides, strain H39, deposit No. CBS122244, US Patent Application Publication No. 2010 / 0291039 (Stichting Dienst Landbouwkundig Onderzoek); (B2.31) Gliocladium catenulatum (synonym: Clonostachys rosea f. catenulate) strain J1446 (for example, Prestop® from Lallemand); (B2.32) Lecanicillium lecanii (formerly known as Verticillium lecanii) conidia of strain KV01 (for example, Vertalec® from Koppert / Arysta); (B2.33) Penicillium vermiculatum; (B2.34) Pichia anomala, strain WRL-076 (NRRL Y-30842), US Patent No. 7,579,183; (B2.35) Trichoderma atroviride, strain SKT-1 (FERM P-16510), JP-A-11-253151; (B2.36) Trichoderma atroviride, strain SKT-2 (FERM P-16511), JP-A-11-253151; (B2.(B2.37) Trichoderma atroviride, strain SKT-3 (FERM P-17021), JP-A-11-253151; (B2.38) Trichoderma gamsii (former name T. viride), strain ICC080 (IMI CC 392151 CABI, available, for example, as BioDerma from AGROBIOSOL DE MEXICO, S.A.DE C.V.); (B2.39) Trichoderma harzianum, strain DB 103 (available from Dagutat Biolab as T-GRO® 7456); (B2.40) Trichoderma polysporum, strain IMI 206039 (available, for example, as Binab TF WP from BINAB Bio-Innovation AB, Sweden); (B2.41) Trichoderma stromaticum, deposit No. Ts3550 (available, for example, as Tricovab from CEPLAC, Brazil); (B2.42) Ulocladium oudemansii, strain U3, deposit No. NM99 / 06216 (available, for example, as BOTRY-ZEN® from Botry-Zen Ltd, New Zealand and as BOTRYSTOP® from BioWorks, Inc.); (B2.43) Verticillium albo-atrum (former name V. dahliae), strain WCS850, deposit No. WCS850, deposited with the Central Bureau for Fungi Cultures (available, for example, as DUTCH TRIG® from Tree Care Innovations); (B2.44) Verticillium chlamydosporium; (B2.45) A mixture of Trichoderma asperellum strain ICC 012 (also known as Trichoderma harzianum ICC012), deposit No. CABI CC IMI 392716 and Trichoderma gamsii (formerly T. viride) strain ICC 080, deposit No. IMI 392151 (e.g., from Isagro USA, Inc. as BIO-TAM™ and from Agrobiosol de Mexico, S.A.de C.V. as BIODERMA®); (B2.46) Trichoderma asperelloides JM41R (deposit No. NRRL B-50759) (from BASF SE as TRICHO PLUS®); (B2.47) Aspergillus flavus strain NRRL 21882 (a product known as AFLA-GUARD® from Syngenta / ChemChina); (B2.48) Chaetomium cupreum (deposit No. CABI 353812) (e.g., from AgriLife as BIOKUPRUM™); (B2.49) Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in particular, strain LASO2 (from Agro-Levures et Derives), strain LAS117 cell wall (from Lesaffre as CEREVISANE®; from BASF SE as ROMEO®), strain CNCM No. I-3936, CNCM No. I-3937, CNCM No. I-3938, CNCM No. I-3939 (from Lesaffre et Compagnie, France as International Publication No. 2010 / 086790); (B2.50) Trichoderma virens strain G-41, formerly known as Gliocladium virens (deposit No.(ATCC 20906) (e.g., from BioWorks, USA, as ROOTSHIELD® PLUS WP and TURFSHIELD® PLUS WP); (B2.51) Trichoderma hamatum, deposit No. ATCC 28012; (B2.52) Ampelomyces quisqualis strain AQ10, deposit No. CNCM I-807 (e.g., from IntrachemBio Italia as AQ 10®); (B2.53) Phlebiopsis gigantea strain VRA 1992 (from Danstar Ferment as ROTSTOP® C); (B2.54) Penicillium steckii (DSM 27859; WO 2015 / 067800) from BASF SE; (B2.55) KetoMy. Chaetomium globosum (available from Rivale as RIVADIOM®); (B2.56) Cryptococcus flavescens, strain 3C (NRRL Y-50378); (B2.57) Dactylaria candida; (B2.58) Dilophosphora alopecuri (available as TWIST FUNGUS®); (B2.59) Fusarium oxysporum, strain Fo47 (available from Natural Plant Protection as FUSACLEAN®); (B2.60) Pseudozyma flocculosa, strain PF-A22 UL (available from Plant Products Co., Canada as SPORODEX® L); (B2.61) Trichoderma gamsii (former name '. viride'), strain ICC 080 (IMI CC 392151 CABI) (available from AGROBIOSOL DE MEXICO, S.A.DE C.V. as BIODERMA®); (B2.62) Trichoderma fertile (e.g., from BASF as the product TrichoPlus); (B2.63) Muscodor roseus, particularly strain A3-5 (Deposit No. NRRL 30548); (B2.64) a biological antifungal agent selected from fungi selected from Simplicillium lanosoniveum; (C) A biological control agent having the effect of improving plant growth and / or plant health that can be combined with a combination of compounds according to the present invention comprising: (C1)(C1.01)Bacillus pumilus, particularly strain QST2808 (Deposit No. NRRL No. B - 30087); (C1.02) Bacillus subtilis, particularly strain QST713 / AQ713 (deposited with NRRL under No. B - 21661 and described in U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051; available from Bayer CropScience LP, USA as SERENADE® OPTI or SERENADE® ASO); (C1.03) Bacillus subtilis, particularly strain AQ30002 (described in Deposit No. NRRL B - 50421 and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 13 / 330,576); (C1.04) Bacillus subtilis, particularly strain AQ30004 (and described in NRRL B - 50455 and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 13 / 330,576); (C1.05) Sinorhizobium meliloti strain NRG - 185 - 1 (from Bayer CropScience as NITRAGIN® GOLD); (C1.06) Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814, available from BASF SE as TEQUALIS®; (C1.07) Bacillus subtilis rm303 (from Biofilm Crop Protection as RHIZOMAX®); (C1.08) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens pm414 (from Biofilm Crop Protection as LOLI - PEPTA®); (C1.09) Bacillus mycoides BT155 (NRRL No. B - 50921), (C1.10) Bacillus mycoides EE118 (NRRL No. B - 50918), (C1.11) Bacillus mycoides EE141 (NRRL No. B - 50916), (C1.12) Bacillus mycoides BT46-3 (NRRL No. B-50922), (C1.13) Bacillus cereus family member EE128 (NRRL No. B-50917), (C1.14) Bacillus thuringiensis BT013A (NRRL No. B-50924), also known as Bacillus thuringiensis 4Q7, (C1.15) Bacillus cereus family member EE349 (NRRL No. B-50928), (C1.16) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SB3281 (ATCC# PTA-7542; International Publication No. WO 2017 / 205258), (C1.17) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TJ1000 (available from Novozymes as QUIKROOTS®); (C1.18) Bacillus firmus, particularly strain CNMC I-1582 (e.g., from BASF SE as VOTIVO®); (C1.19) Bacillus pumilus, particularly strain GB34 (e.g., from Bayer Crop Science, Germany as YIELD SHIELD®); (C1.20) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, particularly strain IN937a; (C1.21) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, particularly strain FZB42 (e.g., from ABiTEP, Germany as RHIZOVITAL®); (C1.22) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BS27 (Deposit No. NRRL B-5015); (C1.23) A mixture of Bacillus licheniformis FMCH001 and Bacillus subtilis FMCH002 (available from FMC Corporation as QUARTZO® (WG), PRESENCE® (WP)); (C1.24) Bacillus cereus, in particular, strain BP01 (ATCC 55675; e.g., from Arysta Lifescience, USA as MEPICHLOR®); (C1.25) Bacillus subtilis,. In particular, strain MBI 600 (e.g., from BASF SE as SUBTILEX®); (C1.26) Bradyrhizobium japonicum (e.g., from Novozymes as OPTIMIZE®); (C1.27) Mesorhizobium cicer (e.g., from BASF SE as NODULATOR); (C1.28) Rhizobium leguminosarium biovar viciae (e.g., from BASF SE as NODULATOR); (C1.29) Delftia acidovorans, in particular strain RAY209 (e.g., from Brett Young Seeds as BIOBOOST®); (C1.30) Lactobacillus sp. (e.g., from LactoPAFI as LACTOPLANT®); (C1.31) Paenibacillus polymyxa, in particular strain AC-1 (e.g., from Green Biotech Company Ltd. as TOPSEED®); (C1.32) Pseudomonas proradix (e.g., from Sourcon Padena as PRORADIX®); (C1.33) Azospirillum brasilense (e.g., from KALO, Inc. as VIGOR®); (C1.34) Azospirillum lipoferum (e.g., from TerraMax, Inc. as VERTEX-IF™); (C1.35) A mixture of Azotobacter vinelandii and Clostridium pasteurianum (available from Agrinos as INVIGORATE®); (C1.36) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in particular strain PN1; (C1.37) Rhizobium leguminosarum, in particular, biovar viceae strain Z25 (Deposit No. CECT 4585); (C1.38) Azorhizobium caulinodans, in particular, strain ZB-SK-5; (C1.39) Azotobacter chroococcum, in particular, strain H23; (C1.40) Azotobacter vinelandii, in particular, strain ATCC 12837; (C1.41) Bacillus siamensis, in particular, strain KCTC 13613T; (C1.42) Bacillus tequilensis, in particular, strain NII-0943; (C1.43) Serratia marcescens, in particular, strain SRM (Deposit No. MTCC 8708); (C1.44) bacteria selected from the group consisting of Thiobacillus sp. (e.g., from Cropaid Ltd UK as CROPAID®); and. (C2)(C2.01)Purpureocillium lilacinum (formerly known as Paecilomyces lilacinus), strain 251 (AGAL 89 / 030550; from Bayer CropScience Biologics GmbH as BioAct, for example); (C2.02) Penicillium bilaii, strain ATCC 22348 (from Acceleron BioAg as JumpStart®, for example), (C2.03) Talaromyces flavus strain V117b; (C2.04) Trichoderma atroviride strain CNCM I-1237 (from Agrauxine, France as Esquive® WP, for example), (C2.05) Trichoderma viride, for example, strain B35 (Pietr et al., 1993, Zesz. Nauk. A R w Szczecinie 161: 125-137); (C2.06) Trichoderma atroviride strain LC52 (also known as Trichoderma atroviride strain LU132; from Agrimm Technologies Limited as Sentinel, for example); (C2.07) Trichoderma atroviride strain SC1, described in International Application No. PCT / IT2008 / 000196); (C2.08) Trichoderma asperellum strain kd (from Andermatt Biocontrol as T-Gro, for example); (C2.09) Trichoderma asperellum strain Eco-T (Plant Health Products, South Africa); (C2.10) Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22 (e.g., from Andermatt Biocontrol or Koppert as Trianum-P); (C2.11) Myrothecium verrucaria strain AARC-0255 (e.g., from Valent Biosciences as DiTera™); (C2.12) Penicillium bilaii strain ATCC ATCC20851; (C2.13) Pythium oligandrum strain M1 (ATCC 38472; e.g., from Bioprepraty, Czech Republic as Polyversum); (C2.14) Trichoderma virens strain GL-21 (e.g., from Certis, USA as SoilGard®); (C2.15) Verticillium albo-atrum (former name V. dahliae) strain WCS850 (CBS 276.92; e.g., from Tree Care Innovations as Dutch Trig); (C2.16) Trichoderma atroviride, in particular, strain No. V08 / 002387, strain No. NMI No. V08 / 002388, strain No. NMI No. V08 / 002389, strain No. NMI No. V08 / 002390; (C2.17) Trichoderma harzianum strain ITEM 908; (C2.18) Trichoderma harzianum, strain TSTh20; (C2.19) Trichoderma harzianum strain 1295-22; (C2.20) Pythium oligandrum strain DV74; (C2.21) Rhizopogon amylopogon (e.g., included in Myco-Sol from Helena Chemical Company); (C2.(22) Rhizopogon fulvigleba (e.g., included in Myco-Sol from Helena Chemical Company); and (C2.23) a fungus selected from the group consisting of Trichoderma virens strain GI-3. (D) An insecticidal active biocontrol agent selected from the following: (D1)(D1.01) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, in particular, strain ABTS-1857 (SD-1372; e.g., from Valent BioSciences as XENTARI®); (D1.02) Bacillus mycoides isolate J. (e.g., from Certis USA LLC, a Mitsui & Co. subsidiary as BmJ); (D1.03) Bacillus sphaericus, in particular, serotype H5a5b strain 2362 (strain ABTS-1743) (e.g., from Valent BioSciences, USA as VECTOLEX®); (D1.04) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain BMP 123 from Becker Microbial Products, Israel; (D1.05) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, in particular, serotype H-7 (e.g., from Valent BioSciences, USA as FLORBAC® WG); (D1.06) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain HD-1 (e.g., from Valent BioSciences, USA as DIPEL® ES); (D1.07) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain BMP 123 from Becker Microbial Products, Israel; (D1.08) Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis strain BMP 144 (e.g., from Becker Microbial Products, Israel as AQUABAC®); (D1.09) Burkholderia spp.)、In particular, Burkholderia rinojensis strain A396 (also known as Burkholderia rinojensis strain MBI 305) (Deposit No. NRRL B-50319; International Publication Nos. WO 2011 / 106491 and WO 2013 / 032693; e.g., from Marrone Bio Innovations as MBI-206 TGAI and ZELTO®); (D1.10) Chromobacterium subtsugae, in particular, strain PRAA4-1T (MBI-203; e.g., from Marrone Bio Innovations as GRANDEVO®); (D1.11) Paenibacillus popilliae (formerly Bacillus popilliae); e.g., from St. Gabriel Laboratories as MILKY SPORE POWDER™ and MILKY SPORE GRANULAR™; (D1.12) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (serotype H-14) strain AM65-52 (Deposit No. ATCC 1276) (e.g., from Valent BioSciences, USA as VECTOBAC®); (D1.13) Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki strain EVB-113-19 (e.g., from AEF Global as BIOPROTEC®); (D1.14) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis strain NB 176 (SD-5428; e.g., from BioFa, Germany as NOVODOR® FC); (D1.15) Bacillus thuringiensis var. japonensis Buibui strain; (D1.(D1.16) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain ABTS 351; (D1.17) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain PB 54; (D1.18) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain SA 11; (D1.19) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain SA 12; (D1.20) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain EG 2348; (D1.21) Bacillus thuringiensis var. Colmeri (e.g., from Changzhou Jianghai Chemical Factory as TIANBAOBTC); (D1.22) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai strain GC-91; (D1.23) Serratia entomophila (e.g., from Wrightson Seeds as INVADE®); (D1.24) Serratia marcescens, particularly, strain SRM (Deposit No. MTCC 8708); and (D1.25) bacteria selected from the group consisting of Wolbachia pipientis ZAP strain (e.g., from MosquitoMate as ZAP MALES®); and... (D2)(D2.01)Isaria fumosorosea (formerly known as Paecilomyces fumosoroseus) strain apopka 97; (D2.02) Beauveria bassiana strain ATCC 74040 (e.g., from Intrachem Bio Italia as NATURALIS®); (D2.03) Beauveria bassiana strain GHA (Deposit No. ATCC74250; e.g., from Laverlam International Corporation as BOTANIGUARD® ES and MYCONTROL-O®); (D2.04) Zoophtora radicans; (D2.05) Metarhizium robertsii 15013-1 (deposited under NRRL Deposit No. 67073), (D2.06) Metarhizium robertsii 23013-3 (deposited under NRRL Deposit No. 67075), and (D2.07) Metarhizium anisopliae 3213-1 (deposited under NRRL Deposit No. 67074) (International Publication No. 2017 / 066094; Pioneer Hi-Bred International); (D2.08) a fungus selected from the group consisting of Beauveria bassiana strain ATP02 (Deposit No. DSM 24665); (E) A virus selected from the group consisting of Adoxophyes orana (apple leafroller) granulosis virus (GV), Cydia pomonella (codling moth) granulosis virus (GV), Helicoverpa armigera (American tobacco budworm larva) nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm larva) mNPV, Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) mNPV, and Spodoptera littoralis (African cotton leafworm) NPV; (F) Bacteria and fungi that can be added as "inoculum material" to plants, plant parts or plant organs and that, due to their specific properties, promote plant growth and plant health. For example: Agrobacterium spp., Azorhizobium caulinodans, Azospirillum spp., Azotobacter spp., Bradyrhizobium spp., Burkholderia spp., in particular Burkholderia cepacia (formerly known as Pseudomonas cepacia), Gigaspora spp., or Gigaspora monosporum, Glomus spp., Laccaria spp., Lactobacillus buchneri, Paraglomus spp., Pisolithus tinctorus, Pseudomonas spp., Rhizobium spp., in particular Rhizobium trifolii, Rhizopogon spp., Scleroderma spp., Suillus spp., and Streptomyces spp.; and (G) Allium sativum, Artemisia absinthium, azadirachtin, Bio-Keeper WP, Cassia nigricans, Celastrus angulatus, Chenopodium anthelminticum, chitin, Armour-Zen, Dryopteris filix-mas, Equisetum arvense, Fortune Aza, Fungastop, Heads Up (Chenopodium quinoa saponin extract), pyrethrum / pyrethrins, Quassia amara, Quercus, Quillaja, Regalia, "Requiem (trademark) insecticide", rotenone, ryania / ryanodine, Symphytum officinale, Tanacetum vulgare, thymol, Triact 70, TriCon, Tropaeulum majus, Urtica dioica, veratrine, Viscum album, Brassicaceae extract, in particular, rapeseed powder or mustard powder, and, for example, olive oil as an active ingredient contained in a product with the trade name FLiPPER (registered trademark), in particular, an unsaturated fatty acid / carboxylic acid having a carbon chain length C 16 ~C 20 Plant extracts and products produced by microorganisms containing proteins and secondary metabolites that can be used as biological control agents such as bio-insecticidal / acaricidal active substances obtained from unsaturated fatty acids / carboxylic acids having

[0061] The compounds and compositions of the present invention may be combined with one or more active ingredients selected from insecticides, acaricides, and nematicides.

[0062] The term "insecticide" and the term "insecticidal" refer to the ability of a substance to increase the mortality rate of insects or inhibit their growth rate. As used herein, the term "insect" includes all organisms of the class "Insecta".

[0063] The term "nematicide" and "nematicidal" refer to the ability of a substance to increase the mortality rate of nematodes or inhibit their growth rate. Generally, "nematodes" include the eggs, larvae, juveniles, and mature forms of said organisms.

[0064] The term "acaricide" and "acaricidal" refer to the ability of a substance to increase the mortality rate or inhibit the growth rate of ectoparasites belonging to the subclass Acari of the class Arachnida.

[0065] Examples of insecticides, acaricides, and nematicides that can be mixed with the compounds and compositions of the present invention are as follows (1) to (33) respectively: (1) Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, such as carbamates, such as aldicarb, aldicarb sulfoxide, aldicarb sulfone, benfuracarb, benomyl, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate, trimethacarb, XMC and xylylcarb or organophosphates, such as acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, cadusafos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, coumaphos, cyanofenphos, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos / DDVP, dichlorvos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, disulfoton, EPN, ethion, etoprophos, famphur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fenthion, fosthiazate, heptenophos, imicyafos, isofenphos, isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothiophosphoryl) salicylate, isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam, methamidophos, methidathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, parathion-methyl, phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phoxim, pirimiphos-methyl, profenofos, propetamphos, prothiofos, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion, quinalphos, sulfotep, tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thimet, triazophos, trichlorfon and vamidothion.

[0066] (2) GABAergic chloride ion channel blockers, preferably cyclodiene-organochlorines selected from chlordane and endosulfan, or phenylpyrazoles (fiproles) selected from ethiprole and fipronil.

[0067] (3) Sodium channel modifiers, preferably pyrethroids selected from acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin s-cyclopentenyl isomer, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, β-cyhalothrin, cyhalothrin, λ-cyhalothrin, γ-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, α-cypermethrin, β-cypermethrin, θ-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin [(1R)-trans isomer], deltamethrin, empenthrin [(EZ)-(1R) isomer], esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, flumethrin, tau-fluvalinate, halfenprox, imiprothrin, kadethrin, momfluorothrin, permethrin, phenothrin [(1R)-trans isomer], prallethrin, pyrethrin (pyrethrum), resmethrin, silafluofen, tefluthrin, tetramethrin, tetramethrin [(1R)-isomer)], tralomethrin and transfluthrin or DDT or methoxychlor.

[0068] (4) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators, preferably neonicotinoids selected from acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam, or nicotine, or sulfoximines selected from sulfoxaflor, or butenolides selected from flupyradifurone, or mesoions selected from triflumizopyrim.

[0069] (5) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators (site I), preferably spinosins selected from spinetoram and spinosad.

[0070] (6) Glutamate-gated chloride ion channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators, preferably abamectin, emamectin benzoate, lepimectin, and milbemectin, which are selected from the avermectin / milbemycin group.

[0071] (7) Juvenile hormone mimics, preferably hydroprene, kinoprene, and methoprene, or juvenile hormone analogs selected from fenoxycarb or pyriproxyfen.

[0072] (8) Various non-specific (multisite) inhibitors, preferably alkyl halides selected from methyl bromide and other halogenated alkyls; or methyl isocyanate generators selected from chloropicrin, sulfuryl fluoride, borax, tartar emetic, dazomet, and metam.

[0073] (9) Chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators, preferably pyridine azomethanes selected from pimetrozine and pyrifluquinazon, or pyropenes selected from afidopyropen.

[0074] (10) Mite growth inhibitors that act on CHS1, selected from clofentezine, hexythiazox, diflovidazin, and etoxazole.

[0075] (11) A microbial disruptor of the insect midgut selected from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis, and a B.t. plant protein selected from Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab, Vip3A, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, and Cry34Ab1 / 35Ab1.

[0076] (12) An inhibitor of mitochondrial ATP synthase, preferably an ATP disruptor selected from diafenthiuron, or an organotin compound selected from azocyclotin, cyhexatin, and fenbutatin oxide, or propargite or tetradifon.

[0077] (13) An uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation by disrupting the proton gradient selected from chlorfenapyr, DNOC, and sulfotep.

[0078] (14) A nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blocker selected from bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiram, and sodium thiosultap.

[0079] (15) An inhibitor of chitin biosynthesis that acts on CHS1, preferably a benzoylurea selected from bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron, and triflumuron.

[0080] (16) An inhibitor of chitin biosynthesis selected from buprofezin, type 1.

[0081] (17) A molting disruptor selected from silafluofen (especially for Diptera, i.e., dipterans).

[0082] (18) Preferably, an ecdysone receptor agonist selected from chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, and tebufenozide.

[0083] (19) An octopamine receptor agonist selected from amitraz.

[0084] (20) A mitochondrial electron transport system complex III inhibitor selected from hydramethylnon, acequinocyl, fluacrypyrim, and bifenazate.

[0085] (21) A mitochondrial electron transport system complex I inhibitor, preferably a METI acaricide and insecticide selected from phenazakine, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pydaben, tebufenpyrad, and tolfenpyrad, or rotenone (derris).

[0086] (22) A voltage-dependent sodium channel inhibitor, preferably oxadiazines selected from indoxacarb, or semicarbazones selected from metaflumizone.

[0087] (23) An inhibitor of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, preferably tetronic acid and tetramic acid derivatives selected from spirodiclofen, spirotetramat, spirodiclofen, and spirotetramat.

[0088] (24) A mitochondrial electron transport system complex IV inhibitor, preferably phosphines selected from aluminum phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine hydride, and zinc phosphide, or cyanides selected from calcium cyanide, potassium cyanide, and sodium cyanide.

[0089] (25) Inhibitors of mitochondrial electron transport complex II, preferably β-ketonitrile derivatives selected from cyenopyrafen and cyflumetofen, or carboxanilides selected from piflubumide.

[0090] (28) Ryanodine receptor modulators, preferably diamides selected from chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, flubendiamide and tetraniliprole.

[0091] (29) Chordotonal organ modulators (with unclear target sites) selected from flonicamid.

[0092] (30) GABAergic chloride ion channel allosteric modulators, preferably meta-diamides selected from broflanilide, or isoxazoles selected from flupyradifurone.

[0093] (31) Baculoviruses, preferably granuloviruses (GVs) selected from Cydia pomonella GV and Thaumatotibia leucotreta (GV), or nucleopolyhedroviruses NPVs selected from Anticarsia gemmatalis MNPV, flubendiamide and Helicoverpa armigera NPV.

[0094] (32) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric modulators (site II) selected from the GS-ω / κHXTX-Hv1a peptide.

[0095] (33) Acinonapil, afoxolaner, azadirachtin, benclothiaz, benzoximate, benzpyrimoxan, bromopropylate, chinomethionat, chloroprallethrin, cryolite, cyclobutrifluram, cycloxaprid, cyetpyrafen, cyhalodiamide, cyproflanilide (CAS 2375110-88-4), dichloromethothiaz, dicofol, dinapropylate, ε-methoftytrin, ε-momfluorothrin, flometokine, fluaazindoline, flupiciprole (CAS 1771741-86-6), fluenesulfone, flufenoxuron, flufenoxystrobin, flufiprole, fluhexafon, fluopyram, flupyrim, fluralaner, flufenozide, flupenthiopheneox, guazipyr, heptafluorothrin, imidaclothiz, iprodione, isocycloseram, κ-bifenthrin, κ-tefluthrin, lotilaner, meperfluthrin, nicoftuprole (CAS 1771741-86-6), oxathiazosulfyl, pyconiazine, pyridalyl, pyrifluquinazon, pyriminostrobin, sarolaner, spidoxamate, spirodiclofen, tetramethylfluthrin, tetrachlorantraniliprole, thiacloranil, thioxazafen, thiofluoximate, ticlopyrazoflor, iodomethane; further active compounds selected from Bacillus firmus-based further formulations (I-1582, Votivo) and azadirachtin (BioNeem), and further the following compounds: 1-{2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfinyl]phenyl}-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-amine (known from International Publication No. WO 2006 / 043635) (CAS 885026-50-6), 2-chloro-N-[2-{1-[(2E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]piperidin-4-yl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]isonicotinamide (known from International Publication No. WO 2006 / 003494) (CAS 872999-66-1), 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4-hydroxy-8-methoxy-1,8-Diazaspiro[4.5]deca-3-en-2-one (known from WO 2010 / 052161) (CAS 1225292-17-0), ethyl 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]deca-3-en-4-yl (known from EP 2647626 A1) (CAS 1440516-42-6), PF1364 (known from JP 2010-018586) (CAS 1204776-60-2), (3E)-3-[1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2-pyridylidene]-1,1,1-trifluoro-propan-2-one (known from WO 2013 / 144213) (CAS 1461743-15-6), N-[3-(benzylcarbamoyl)-4-chlorophenyl]-1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from WO 2010 / 051926) (CAS 1226889-14-0), 5-bromo-4-chloro-N-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide (known from CN 103232431) (CAS 1449220-44-3), 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-2-methyl-N-(cis-1-oxid-3-thietanyl)-benzamide, 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-2-methyl-N-(trans-1-oxid-3-thietanyl)-benzamide and 4-[(5S)-5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-2-methyl-N-(cis-1-oxid-3-thietanyl)benzamide (known from WO 2013 / 050317 (A1)) (CAS 1332628-83-7), N-[3-chloro-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-[(3,3,3-(Trifluoropropyl)sulfinyl]-propanamide, (+)-N-[3-chloro-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-[(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfinyl]-propanamide and (-)-N-[3-chloro-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-[(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfinyl]-propanamide (known from International Publication No. WO 2013 / 162715 (A2), International Publication No. WO 2013 / 162716 (A2), US Patent Application Publication No. US 2014 / 0213448 (A1)) (CAS 1477923-37-7), 5-[[(2E)-3-chloro-2-propen-1-yl]amino]-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (known from Chinese Patent Application Publication No. CN 101337937) (CAS 1105672-77-2), 3-bromo-N-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)thiomethyl]phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide, (Liudaibenjiaxuanan, known from Chinese Patent Application Publication No. CN 103109816) (CAS 1232543-85-9); N-[4-chloro-2-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]-6-methylphenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-3-(fluoromethoxy)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from International Publication No. WO 2012 / 034403 (A1)) (CAS 1268277-22-0), N-[2-(5-amino)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-6-methylphenyl]-3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from International Publication No. WO 2011 / 085575 (A1)) (CAS 1233882-22-8), 4-[3-[2,6-dichloro-4-[(3,3-(dichloropropen-1-yloxy)phenoxypropoxy]-2-methoxy-6-(trifluoromethyl)-pyrimidine (known from Chinese Patent Application Publication No. 101337940) (CAS 1108184-52-6); (2E)- and 2(Z)-2-[2-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene]-N-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-hydrazinecarboxamide (known from Chinese Patent Application Publication No. 101715774) (CAS 1232543-85-9); 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-4-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)phenyl-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid ester (known from Chinese Patent Application Publication No. 103524422) (CAS 1542271-46-4); (4aS)-7-chloro-2,5-dihydro-2-[[(methoxycarbonyl)[4-[(trifluoromethyl)thio]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]-indeno[1,2-e][1,3,4]oxadiazine-4a(3H)-carboxylic acid methyl ester (known from Chinese Patent Application Publication No. 102391261) (CAS 1370358-69-2); 6-deoxy-3-O-ethyl-2,4-di-O-methyl-, 1-[N-[4-[1-[4-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1H-1,2,[[4-Triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate]-α-L-mannopyranose (known from US Patent Application Publication No. 2014 / 0275503 (A1)) (CAS 1181213-14-8); 8-(2-Cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-3-(6-trifluoromethyl-pyridazin-3-yl)-3-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane (CAS 1253850-56-4), (8-anti)-8-(2-Cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-3-(6-trifluoromethyl-pyridazin-3-yl)-3-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane (CAS 933798-27-7), (8-syn)-8-(2-Cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-3-(6-trifluoromethyl-pyridazin-3-yl)-3-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane (known from International Publication No. 2007 / 040280 (A1), International Publication No. 2007 / 040282 (A1)) (CAS 934001-66-8), N-[4-(Aminothioxomethyl)-2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from Chinese Patent Application Publication No. 103265527) (CAS 1452877-50-7), 3-(4-Chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-1-methyl-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decan-2,4-dione (known from International Publication No. 2014 / 187846 (A1)) (CAS1638765-58-8), 3-(4-Chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]deca-3-en-4-yl-ethyl carbonate (known from International Publication No. 2010 / 066780 (A1), International Publication No. 2011151146 (A1)) (CAS 1229023-00-0), N-[1-[(2,6-Difluorophenyl]-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (known from International Publication No. 2014 / 053450 (A1)) (CAS 1594624-87-9), N-[(2,6-Difluorophenyl)-2H-1,2,[[3-Triazol-4-yl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (known from WO 2014 / 053450 (A1)) (CAS 1594637-65-6), N-[1-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (known from WO 2014 / 053450 (A1)) (CAS 1594626-19-3), (3R)-3-(2-chloro-5-thiazolyl)-2,3-dihydro-8-methyl-5,7-dioxo-6-phenyl-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidinium inner salt (known from WO 2018 / 177970 (A1)) (CAS 2246757-58-2); 3-(2-chloro-5-thiazolyl)-2,3-dihydro-8-methyl-5,7-dioxo-6-phenyl-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidinium inner salt (known from WO 2018 / 177970 (A1)) (CAS 2246757-56-0); N-[3-chloro-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-2-(methylsulfonyl)-propanamide (known from WO 2019 / 236274 (A1)) (CAS 2396747-83-2), N-[2-bromo-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-fluoro-3-[(4-fluorobenzoyl)amino]-benzamide (known from WO 2019 / 059412 (A1)) (CAS 1207977-87-4), 3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-N-[4,6-dichloro-3-fluoro-2-[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (flutolamide; Chinese Patent Application Publication No. 110835330, Chinese Patent Application Publication No. 106977494 (known) (CAS: 2129147-03-9). Known from Chinese Patent Application Publication No. 110835330 and Chinese Patent Application Publication No. 106977494) (CAS: 2129147-03-9).

[0096] Examples of nematicides that can be mixed with the compounds and compositions of the present invention are as follows: (Group N-1) Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, preferably carbamates selected from (N-1A) alanycarb, benfuracarb, carbofuran, carbosulfan, and thiodicarb, or (N-1B) cadusafos, ethoprophos, fenamiphos, fosthiazate, imicyafos, phorate, and terbufos.

[0097] (Group N-2) Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators, preferably avermectins selected from abamectin and emamectin benzoate.

[0098] (Group N-3) Mitochondrial electron transport system complex II inhibitors, particularly inhibitors of succinate coenzyme Q reductase, preferably pyridinylmethyl-benzoamides selected from fluopyram.

[0099] (Group N-4) Lipid synthesis / growth regulators, particularly inhibitors of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, preferably tetronic and tetramic acid derivatives selected from spirotetramat.

[0100] (Group N-UN) Compounds that act in an unknown or uncertain mode with various chemicals selected from fluensulfone, fluazaindoline, furfural, iprodione, and thioxazafen.

[0101] (Group N-UNX) Compounds with unknown or uncertain modes of action: putative multi-site inhibitors, preferably volatile sulfur-generating substances selected from carbon disulfide and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), or carbon disulfide-releasing substances selected from sodium tetrathiocarbonate, or alkyl halides selected from methyl bromide and methyl iodide (iodomethane), or halogenated hydrocarbons selected from 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) and 1,3-dichloropropene, or methyl isothiocyanate-generating substances selected from allyl isothiocyanate, diazomethane, metam potassium, and metam sodium.

[0102] (Group N-UNB) Bacterial agents (non-Bt) with unknown or uncertain modes of action, preferably selected from the genus Burkholderia spp., such as rinojensis A396, the genus Bacillus spp., such as firmus, licheniformis, amyloliquefaciens or subtilis, the genus Pasteuria spp., such as penetrans or nishizawae, the genus Pseudomonas spp., such as chlororaphis or fluorescens, and the genus Streptomyces spp., such as lydicus, dicklowii or albogriseolus, or bacteria-derived.

[0103] (Group N-UNF) A fungicide with an unknown or uncertain mode of action, preferably a fungus or fungus-derived selected from the genus Actinomyces spp., such as Streptococcus, the genus Arthrobotrys spp., such as oligospora, the genus Aspergillus spp., such as niger, the genus Muscodor spp., such as albus, the genus Myrothecium spp., such as verrucaria, the genus Paecilomyces spp., such as lilacinus (Purpureocillium lilacinum), carneus or fumosoroseus, the genus Pochonia spp., such as chlamydosporia, and the genus Trichoderma spp., such as harzianum, virens, atroviride or viride.

[0104] (Group N-UNE) A plant- or animal-derived drug containing synthetic extracts and unrefined oils with an unknown or uncertain mode of action, preferably a plant- or animal-derived drug selected from azadirachtin, camellia seed cake, essential oil, garlic extract, pongamia oil, terpenes, such as carvacrol, and Quillaja saponaria extract.

[0105] Examples of herbicides that can be mixed with the compounds and compositions of the present invention are as follows: Acetochlor, Acifluorfen, Acifluorfen-methyl, Acifluorfen-sodium, Acifluorfen, Acrolein, Allidochlor, Alloxydim, Alloxydim-sodium, Ametryn, Amicarbazone, Amidochlor, Amidosulfuron, 4-Amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methylphenyl)-5-fluoropyridine-2-carboxylic acid, Aminocyclopyrachlor, Aminocyclopyrachlor-potassium, Aminocyclopyrachlor-methyl, Aminopyralid, Aminopyralid-dimethylammonium, Aminopyralid-tripromin, Amitrole, Ammonium sulfamate, Anilofos, Asulam, Asulam-potassium, Asulam-sodium, Atrazine, Azafenidin, Azimsulfuron, Beflubutamid, (S)-(-)-Beflubutamid, Beflubutamid-M, Benazolin, Benazolin-ethyl, Benazolin-dimethylammonium, Benazolin-potassium, Benfluralin, Benfuresate, Bensulfuron, Bensulfuron-methyl, Bensulide, Bentazone, Bentazone-sodium, Benzobicyclon, Benzofenap, Bicyclopyrone, Bifenox, Bilanafos, Bilanafos-sodium, Bipyrazon, Bispyribac, Bispyribac-sodium, Bixlozone, Bromacil, Bromacil-lithium, Bromacil-sodium, Bromobutide, Bromophenoxim, Bromoxynil, Bromoxynil-butyrate, -potassium, heptanoate, and -octanoate, Busoxinone, Butachlor, Butaphenacil, Butamiphos, Butenachlor, Butralin, Butroxydim, Butylate, Cafestrol, Camvbenzchlor, Carbethamid, Carfentrazone, Carfentrazone-ethyl, Chloramben, Chloramben-ammonium, Chloramben-diolamine, Chloramben-methyl, Chloramben-methylammonium, Chloramben-sodium, Chlorobromuron, Chlorophenac, Chlorophenac-ammonium, Chlorfenac-sodium, Chlorfenprop, Chlorfenprop-methyl, Chlorflurenol, Chlorflurenol-methyl, Chloridazon, Chlorimuron, Chlorimuron-ethyl, Chlorphthalim, Chlorotoluron, Chlorsulfuron, Chlortharil, Chlortharil-dimethyl, Chlortharil-monomethyl, Cinidon, Cinidon-ethyl, Cinosulfuron, Clathrim, Clethodim, Clodinafop, Clodinafop-ethyl, Clodinafop-propargyl, Chromazone, Chlormepropp, Clopyralid, Clopyralid-methyl, Clopyralid-olamine, Clopyralid-potassium, Clopyralid-tripomine, Chloransulam, Chloransulam-methyl, Cumyluron, Cyanamide, Cyanazine, Cycloate, Cyclopyranil, Cyclopyrimorate, Cyclosulfamuron, Cycloxydim, Cyhalofop, Cyhalofop-butyl, Cyprazine, 2,4-D (including its ammonium, -buthyl, -butyl, choline, dimethylammonium, -dimethylammonium, -diolamine, -doxyl, -dodecylammonium, etexyl, ethyl, 2-ethylhexyl, heptylammonium, isobutyl, isooctyl, isopropyl, isopropylammonium, lithium, meptyl, methyl, potassium, tetradecylammonium, triethylammonium, triisopropanolammonium, tripomine and trolamine salts), 2,4-DB, 2,4-DB-butyl, dimethylammonium, isooctyl, -potassium and -sodium, dimefuron (dimefuron), dalapon, dalapon-calcium, dalapon-magnesium, dalapon-sodium, dazomet, dazomet-sodium, n-decanol, 7-deoxy-D-sedoheptulose, desmedipham, detrityl-pyrazolate (DTP), dicamba and its salts, for example, dicamba-bipropiamine, dicamba-N,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)methylamine, dicamba-butyl, dicamba-choline, dicamba-diglycolamine, dicamba-dimethylammonium, dicamba-diethanolamine ammonium, dicamba-diethylammonium, dicamba-isopropylammonium, dicamba-methyl, dicamba-monoethanolamine, dicamba-olamine, dicamba-potassium, dicamba-sodium, dicamba-triethanolamine, dichlobenil, 2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-4,4-dimethyl-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one, 2-(2,5-dichlorobenzyl)-4,4-dimethyl-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one, dichlorprop, dichlorprop-butyl, dichlorprop-dimethylammonium, dichlorprop-ethoxyl, dichlorprop-ethylammonium, dichlorprop-isooctyl, dichlorprop-methyl, dichlorprop-potassium, dichlorprop-sodium, dichlorprop-P, dichlorprop-P-dimethylammonium, dichlorprop-P-ethoxyl, dichlorprop-P-potassium, dichlorprop-sodium, dichlorprop, dichlorprop-methyl, dichlorprop-P, dichlorprop-P-methyl, dichlorsulam, difenzoate, difenzoate-methylsulfate, diflufenican, diflufenazopyr, diflufenazopyr-sodium, dimefuron, dimepiperate, dimethosulfazet, dimethachlor, dimethametryn, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P, dimetrasulfuron, dinitramine, dinoterb, dinoterb-acetate, diphenamid, Diquat, Diquat-dibromide, Diquat-dichloride, Dithiopyl, Diuron, DNOC, DNOC-ammonium, DNOC-potassium, DNOC-sodium, Endothal, Endothal-diammonium, Endothal-dipotassium, Endothal-disodium, Epirifenacil (S-3100), EPTC, Esprocarb, Etalfluralin, Etamexyluron, Etamexyluron-methyl, Ethiozin, Ethofumesate, Ethoxyphene, Ethoxyphene-ethyl, Ethoxysulfuron, Ethobenzanid, F-5231, namely, N-{2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-[4-(3-fluoropropyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1H-tetrazol-1-yl]phenyl}ethanesulfonamide, F-7967, namely, 3-[7-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-4-yl]-1-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-P, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fenoxasulfone, fenpyrazon, fenquinotrione, fentrazamide, flamprop, flamprop-isopropyl, flamprop-methyl, flamprop-M-isopropyl, flamprop-M-methyl, flazasulfuron, florasulam, flupirauxifen, flupirauxifen-benzyl, fluaquizafop, fluaquizafop-butyl, fluaquizafop-methyl, fluaquizafop-P, fluaquizafop-P-butyl, flucarbazone, flucarbazone-sodium, flucetosulfuron, fluchloralin, flufenacet, flufenpyr, flufenpyr-ethyl, fluazinam, flumiclorac, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, fluometuron, fluorenol, fluorenol-butyl, -dimethylammonium and -methyl, fluoroglycofen, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, fluopropanate, fluopropanate-sodium, flupyrsulfuron, flupyrsulfuron-methyl, flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium, fluridone, flurochloridone, fluroxypyr, fluroxypyr-butomexyl, fluroxypyr-meptyl, flurtamon, fluthiacet, fluthiacet-methyl, homesisafen, homesisafen-sodium, halosulfuron, halosulfuron sodium salt, fosamine, fosamine-ammonium, glufosinate, glufosinate-ammonium, glufosinate-sodium, L-glufosinate-ammonium, L-glufosinate-sodium, glufosinate-P-sodium, glufosinate-P-ammonium, glyphosate, glyphosate-ammonium, -isopropylammonium, -diammonium, -dimethylammonium, -potassium, -sodium, sesquisodium and -trimesium, H-9201, that is, O-(2,4-dimethyl-6-nitrophenyl)-O-ethyl-isopropylphosphoramidothioate, halauxifen, halauxifen-methyl, halosafen, halosulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, haloxyfop, haloxyfop-P, haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl, haloxyfop-P-ethoxyethyl, haloxyfop-methyl, Haloxyfop-P-methyl, Haloxyfop-sodium, Hexazinone, HNPC-A8169, that is, (2S)-2-{3-[(5-tert-butylpyridin-2-yl)oxy]phenoxy}propanoic acid prop-2-yn-1-yl, HW-02, that is, 1-(dimethoxyphosphoryl)-ethyl-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetate, Hydantocidin, Imazamethabenz, Imazamethabenz-methyl, Imazamox, Imazamox-ammonium, Imazapic, Imazapic-ammonium, Imazapyr, Imazapyr-isopropylammonium, Imazakine, Imazakine-ammonium, Imazakine-methyl, Imazetapyr, Imazetapyr-inmonium, Imazosulfuron, Indanofan, Indaziflam, Iodosulfuron, Iodosulfuron-methyl, Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium, Ioxynil, Ioxynil-lithium, -octanoate, -potassium and -sodium, Ipfencarbazone, Isoproturon, Isouron, Isoxaben, Isoxaflutole, Carbutilate, KUH-043, that is, 3-({[5-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]methyl}sulfonyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazole, ketospiradox, ketospiradox-potassium, lactofen, rankotriol, lenacil, linuron, MCPA, MCPA-butyl, -butyl, -dimethylammonium, -diolamine, -2-ethylhexyl, -ethyl, -isobutyl, -isopropyl, -isopropylammonium, -methyl, -olamine, -potassium, -sodium and -trolamine, MCPB, MCPB-methyl, -ethyl and -sodium, mecoprop, mecoprop-butyl, mecoprop-dimethylammonium, mecoprop-diolamine, mecoprop-ethoxyl, mecoprop-ethazyl, mecoprop-isooctyl, mecoprop-methyl, mecoprop-potassium, mecoprop-sodium, and mecoprop-trolamine, mecoprop-P, mecoprop-P-butyl, -dimethylammonium, -2-ethylhexyl, and -potassium, mefenacet, mefluidide, mefluidide-diolamine, mefluidide-potassium, mesosulfuron, mesosulfuron-methyl, mesosulfuron sodium salt, mesotrione, metobenzthiazuron, metam, metamifop, metazoxolon, metazosulfuron, metobenzthiazuron, methiopyrsulfuron, methiozolin, methyl isothiocyanate, metobromuron, metachlor, S-metachlor, metosulam, metoxuron, metribuzin, metsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, molinate, monolinuron, monosulfuron, monosulfuron-methyl, MT-5950, i.e., N-[3-chloro-4-(1-methylethyl)-phenyl]-2-methylpentanamide, NGGC-011, napropamide, NC-310, i.e., 4-(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl)-1-methyl-5-benzyloxypyrazole, NC-656, namely, 3-[(isopropylsulfonyl)methyl]-N-(5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide, neburon, nicosulfuron, nonanoic acid (pelargonic acid), norflurazon, oleic acid (fatty acid), orben carb, orthosulfamuron, oryzalin, oxadiargyl, oxadiazone, oxasulfuron, oxadiquofop-methyl, oxyfluorfen, paraquat, paraquat dichloride, paraquat dimethyl sulfate, pebulate, pendimethalin, penoxsulam, pentachlorophenol, pentoxazone, petoxamide, petroleum, fenmedifam, fenmedifam-ethyl, picloram, picloram dimethylammonium, picloram etexyl, picloram isooctyl, picloram methyl, picloram olamine, picloram potassium, picloram triethylammonium, picloram tripramine, picloram trolamine, picolinafen, pinoxaden, piperophos, pretilachlor, primisulfuron, primisulfuron-methyl, prodiamine, profoxydim, prometon, prometryn, propachlor, propanil, propaquizafop, propazine, propham, propisochlor, propoxycarbazone, propoxycarbazone sodium, propyrisulfuron, propyzamide, prosulfocarb, prosulfuron, pyraclonil, pyraflufen, pyraflufen-ethyl, pyrazosulfotole, pyrazolineate (pyrazolete), pyrazosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, pyraoxystrobin, pyribambenz, pyribambenz-isopropyl, pyribambenz-propyl, pyribenzoxim, pyributicarb, pyridafol, pyridate, pyriftalid, pyriminobac, pyriminobac-methyl, pyrimisulfan, pyrithiobac, pyrithiobac-sodium, pyroxasulfuron, pyroxysulam, cinchonazine, cinchonazine dimethylammonium, cinchonazine methyl, cinchonine, cinchonamine, quizalofop, quizalofop-ethyl, quizalofop-P, quizalofop-P-ethyl, quizalofop-P-tefuryl, QYM201, namely,1-{2-chloro-3-[(3-cyclopropyl-5-hydroxy-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)carbonyl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl}piperidin-2-one, rimsulfuron, thiafenthylcarb, setoxydim, siduron, simazine, simetryn, SL-261, sulcotrione, sulfentrazone, sulfometuron, sulfometuron-methyl, sulfosulfuron, SYP-249, namely, 1-ethoxy-3-methyl-1-oxobut-3-en-2-yl 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoate, SYP-300, namely, 1-[7-fluoro-3-oxo-4-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-3-propyl-2-thioxoimidazolidine-4,5-dione, 2,3,6-TBA, TCA (trichloroacetic acid) and its salts, for example, TCA-ammonium, TCA-calcium, TCA-ethyl, TCA-magnesium, TCA-sodium, tebuthiuron, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, tepraloxydim, terbacil, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, tetflupyrolimet, saxtoxmin, tenilchlor, thiazopyr, thienecarbazone, thienecarbazone-methyl, thifensulfuron, thifensulfuron-methyl, thiobencarb, thiafenox, topramezone, traloxydim, triafamone, tri-allate, triasulfuron, triaziflam, tribenuron, tribenuron-methyl, triclopyr, triclopyr-butotyl, triclopyr-choline, triclopyr-ethyl, triclopyr-triethylammonium, trietazine, trifloxysulfuron, trifloxysulfuron-sodium, triflumizole, trifluralin, triflusulfuron, triflusulfuron-methyl, tritosulfuron, urea sulfate, benolate, XDE-848, ZJ-0862, namely, 3,4-dichloro-N-{2-[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)oxy]benzyl}aniline, Ethyl 3-(2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-trifluoromethyl-3,6-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)phenyl)-5-methyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazole-5-carboxylate, ethyl [(3-{2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-[3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3,6-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl]phenoxy}pyridin-2-yl)oxy]acetate, 3-chloro-2-[(3-(difluoromethyl)isoxazol-5-yl]phenyl-5-chloropyrimidin-2-yl ether, 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-[(2-hydroxy-6-oxosoclohex-1-en-1-yl)carbonyl]-6-methylpyridazin-3(2H)-one, 2-({2-[(2-methoxyethoxy)methyl]-6-methylpyridin-3-yl}carbonyl)cyclohexane-1,3-dione, (5-hydroxy-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)(3,3,4-trimethyl-1,1-dioxide-2,3-dihydro-1-benzothiophen-5-yl)methanone, 1-methyl-4-[(3,3,4-trimethyl-1,1-dioxide-2,3-dihydro-1-benzothiophen-5-yl)carbonyl]-1H-pyrazol-5-yl propane-1-sulfonate, 4-{2-chloro-3-[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl]-4-(methylsulfonyl)benzoyl}-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl-1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate; cyanomethyl 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(7-fluoro-1H-indol-6-yl)pyridine-2-carboxylate, prop-2-yn-1-yl 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(7-fluoro-1H-indol-6-yl)pyridine-2-carboxylate, methyl 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(7-fluoro-1H-indol-6-yl)pyridine-2-carboxylate, 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(7-fluoro-1H-indol-6-yl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid, benzyl 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(7-fluoro-1H-indol-6-yl)pyridine-2-carboxylate, ethyl 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(7-fluoro-1H-indol-6-yl)pyridine-2-carboxylate, methyl 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(7-fluoro-1-isobutyryl-1H-indol-6-yl)pyridine-2-carboxylate, methyl 6-(1-acetyl-7-fluoro-1H-indol-6-yl)-4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoropyridine-2-carboxylate, methyl 4-amino-3-chloro-6-[1-(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)-7-fluoro-1H-indol-6-yl]-5-fluoropyridine-2-carboxylate, methyl 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-[7-fluoro-1-(methoxyacetyl)-1H-indol-6-yl]pyridine-2-carboxylate, potassium 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(7-fluoro-1H-indol-6-yl)pyridine-2-carboxylate, sodium 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(7-fluoro-1H-indol-6-yl)pyridine-2-carboxylate, butyl 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(7-fluoro-1H-indol-6-yl)pyridine-2-carboxylate, 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]imidazolidin-2-one, 3-(5-tert-butyl-1,(2-Oxazol-3-yl)-4-hydroxy-1-methylimidazolidin-2-one, 3-[5-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]-4-hydroxy-1-methylimidazolidin-2-one, 4-hydroxy-1-methoxy-5-methyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]imidazolidin-2-one, 6-[(2-hydroxy-6-oxocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)carbonyl]-1,5-dimethyl-3-(2-methylphenyl)quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, 3-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-6-[(2-hydroxy-6-oxocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)carbonyl]-1-methylquinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, 2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)benzoyl]-3-hydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-one, 1-(2-carboxyethyl)-4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)pyridazin-1-ium salts (with anions such as chloride, acetate or trifluoroacetate), 1-(2-carboxyethyl)-4-(pyridazin-3-yl)pyridazin-1-ium salts (with anions such as chloride, acetate or trifluoroacetate), 4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-1-(2-sulfoethyl)pyridazin-1-ium salts (with anions such as chloride, acetate or trifluoroacetate), 4-(pyridazin-3-yl)-1-(2-sulfoethyl)pyridazin-1-ium salts (with anions such as chloride, acetate or trifluoroacetate), 1-(2-carboxyethyl)-4-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)pyridazin-1-ium salts (with anions such as chloride, acetate or trifluoroacetate), 1-(2-carboxyethyl)-4-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)pyridazin-1-ium salts (with anions such as chloride, acetate or trifluoroacetate).

[0106] Examples of plant growth regulators that can be mixed with the compounds and compositions of the present invention are as follows: Abscisic acid and related analogs [e.g., (2Z,4E)-5-[6-ethynyl-1-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid, (2Z,4E)-5-[6-ethynyl-1-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid methyl, (2Z,4E)-3-ethyl-5-(1-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-yl)penta-2,4-dienoic acid, (2E,4E)-5-(1-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)penta-2,4-dienoic acid, (2E,4E)-5-(1-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)penta-2,4-dienoic acid methyl, (2Z,4E)-5-(2-hydroxy-1,3-dimethyl-5-oxobicyclo[4.1.0) (Hepta-3-en-2-yl)-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid, acibenzolar, acibenzolar-S-methyl, S-adenosylhomocysteine, allantoin, 2-aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), aminooxyacetic acid and related esters [e.g., (isopropylidene)-aminooxyacetic acid-2-(methoxy)-2-oxoethyl ester, (isopropylidene)-aminooxyacetic acid-2-(hexyloxy)-2-oxoethyl ester, (cyclohexylidene)-aminooxyacetic acid-2-(isopropyloxy)-2-oxoethyl ester], 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid and its derivatives, 5-aminolevulinic acid, ancymidol, 6-benzylaminopurine, bikinin, brassinolide, brassinolide-ethyl, L-canavanine, catechin and catechins (e.g., (2S,3R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol), chito-oligosaccharide (CO; CO is different from LCO, these do not have the fatty acid pendant molecular chains characteristic of LCO. CO is called N-acetylchito-oligosaccharide and consists of GlcNAc residues, but the chitin molecule [(C. 8 H 13 NO 5 ) n , CAS No. 1398-61-4] and chitosan molecule [(C 5 H 11 NO 4 ) n, having a side-chain modification different from CAS No. 9012-76-4), chitinous compounds, chlormequat chloride, chlorpropham, cyclanilide, 3-(cycloprop-1-enyl)propionic acid, 1-[2-(4-cyano-3,5-dicyclopropylphenyl)acetamido]cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, 1-[2-(4-cyano-3-cyclopropylphenyl)acetamido]cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, daminozide, dazomet, dazomet-sodium, n-decanol, dicamba, dicamba-sodium, endothal, endothal-dipotassium, -disodium, and -mono(N,N-dimethylalkylammonium), ethephon N, flumetralin, flurenol, flurenol-butyl, flurenol-methyl, flurprimidol, chlorflurenol-methyl, gibberellic acid, inabenfide, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 4-indole-3-ylbutyric acid, isoprothiolane, probenazole, jasmonic acid or its derivatives (e.g., methyl jasmonate, ethyl jasmonate), lipochitooligosaccharide (LCO, also called common nodulation (Nod) signal (or nod factor) or Myc factor, consisting of an oligosaccharide backbone of β-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine ("GlcNAc") residues having an N-linked fatty acyl chain condensed at the non-reducing end).As understood in the art, LCOs differ in the number of GlcNAc residues in the backbone, the length and degree of saturation of the fatty acyl chains, and the substitution of the reducing or non-reducing sugar residues), linoleic acid or its derivatives, linolenic acid or its derivatives, maleic hydrazide, mepiquat chloride, mepiquat pentaborate, 1-methylcyclopropene, 3-methylcyclopropene, 1-ethylcyclopropene, 1-n-propylcyclopropene, 1-cyclopropenylmethanol, methoxyvinylglycine (MVG), 3'-methylabscisic acid, 1-(4-methylphenyl)-N-(2-oxo-1-propyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl)methanesulfonamide and related substituted tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl)methanesulfonamide, (3E,3aR,8bS)-3-({[(2R)-4-methyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]oxy}methylene)-3,3a,4,8b-tetrahydro-2H-inden[1,2-b]furan-2-one and related lactones outlined in European Patent Application Publication No. 2248421, 2-(1-naphthyl)acetamide, 1-naphthylacetic acid, 2-naphthyloxyacetic acid, nitrophenolate mixture, 4-oxo-4[(2-phenylethyl)amino]butyric acid, paclobutrazol, 4-phenylbutyric acid and its related salts (e.g., sodium 4-phenylbutanoate, potassium 4-phenylbutanoate), phenylalanine, N-phenylphthalamic acid, prohexadione, prohexadione-calcium, putrescine, prohydrojasmon, lysovitoxin, salicylic acid, methyl salicylate, sarcosine, sodium cyclopropa-1-en-1-ylacetate, sodium cyclopropa-2-en-1-ylacetate, sodium 3-(cyclopropa-2-en-1-yl)propanoate, sodium 3-(cyclopropa-1-en-1-yl)propanoate, sodefugin, spermidine, spermine, strigolactone, tecnazene, thidiazuron, triacontanol, trinexapac, trinexapac-ethyl, tryptophan, chitodef, uniconazole, uniconazole-P, 2-fluoro-N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-9H-purin-6-amine.

[0107] Examples of the phytotoxicity reducing agents that can be mixed with the compounds and compositions of the present invention are as follows in S1) to S16): S1) Compounds from the group of heterocyclic carboxylic acid derivatives: S1 a ) Compounds of the dichlorophenylpyrazoline-3-carboxylic acid type (S1 a ) Preferably, 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(ethoxycarbonyl)-5-methyl-2-pyrazoline-3-carboxylic acid, ethyl 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(ethoxycarbonyl)-5-methyl-2-pyrazoline-3-carboxylate (S1-1) ("mefenpyr diethyl"), and compounds such as related compounds described in International Publication No. 91 / 07874; S1 b ) Derivatives of dichlorophenylpyrazolecarboxylic acid (S1 b ) Preferably, ethyl 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methylpyrazole-3-carboxylate (S1-2), ethyl 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-isopropylpyrazole-3-carboxylate (S1-3), ethyl 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxylate (S1-4), and compounds such as related compounds described in European Patent Application Publication No. 333131 131 and European Patent Application Publication No. 269806; S1 c ) Derivatives of 1,5-diphenylpyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (S1 c ) Preferably, ethyl 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-phenylpyrazole-3-carboxylate (S1-5), methyl 1-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-phenylpyrazole-3-carboxylate (S1-6), and compounds such as related compounds described in European Patent Application Publication No. 268554; S1 d ) Compounds of the triazolecarboxylic acid type (S1 d) Preferably, compounds such as fenchlorazole (ethyl ester), i.e., ethyl 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-trichloromethyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxylate (S1-7), and related compounds described in European Patent Application Publication No. 174562 and European Patent Application Publication No. 346620; S1 e ) Compounds of the 5-benzyl- or 5-phenyl-2-isoxazoline-3-carboxylic acid or 5,5-diphenyl-2-isoxazoline-3-carboxylic acid type (S1 e ) Preferably, compounds such as ethyl 5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-isoxazoline-3-carboxylate (S1-8) or ethyl 5-phenyl-2-isoxazoline-3-carboxylate (S1-9) and related compounds described in International Publication No. 91 / 08202, or 5,5-diphenyl-2-isoxazolinecarboxylic acid (S1-10) or ethyl 5,5-diphenyl-2-isoxazoline-3-carboxylate (S1-11) (「isoxadifen-ethyl」) or n-propyl 5,5-diphenyl-2-isoxazoline-3-carboxylate (S1-12) or ethyl 5-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-phenyl-2-isoxazoline-3-carboxylate (S1-13) described in International Publication No. 95 / 07897. S2) Compounds from the group of 8-quinolinoxy derivatives (S2): S2 a ) Compounds of the 8-quinolinoxyacetic acid type (S2 a) Preferably, 1-methylhexyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (“croquintocet-mexyl”) (S2-1), 1,3-dimethylbutan-1-yl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-2), 4-allyloxybutyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-3), 1-allyloxyprop-2-yl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-4), ethyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-5), methyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-6), allyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-7), 2-(2-propylideneiminooxy)-1-ethyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-8), 2-oxoprop-1-yl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-9) and related compounds described in European Patent Application Publication Nos. 86750, 94349 and 191736 or European Patent Application Publication No. 0492366, and further (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetic acid (S2-10), hydrates and salts thereof, for example, its lithium salt, sodium salt, potassium salt, calcium salt, magnesium salt, aluminum salt, iron salt, ammonium salt, quaternary ammonium salt, sulfonium salt or phosphonium salt described in International Publication No. 2002 / 34048; S2 b )(5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)malonic acid type compounds (S2 b ) Preferably, compounds such as diethyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)malonate, diallyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)malonate, methylethyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)malonate and related compounds described in European Patent Application Publication No. 0582198. (S3) Active compounds of the dichloroacetamide type (soil-acting phytotoxicity reducing agents) that are frequently used as phytotoxicity reducing agents to be used before germination, for example, "dichloromid" (N,N-diallyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide) (S3-1), "R-29148" from Stauffer (3-dichloroacetyl-2,2,5-trimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine) (S3-2), "R-28725" from Stauffer (3-dichloroacetyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine) (S3-3), "benoxacor" (4-dichloroacetyl-3,4-dihydro-3-methyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazine) (S3-4), "PPG-1292" from PPG Industries (N-allyl-N-[(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)methyl]dichloroacetamide) (S3-5), "DKA-24" from Sagro-Chem (N-allyl-N-[(allylaminocarbonyl)methyl]dichloroacetamide) (S3-6), "AD-67" or "MON4660" from Nitrokemia or Monsanto (3-dichloroacetyl-1-oxa-3-azaspiro[4.5]decane) (S3-7), "TI-35" from TRI-Chem RT (1-dichloroacetylazepane) (S3-8), "Diclonon" (dicyclonon) or "BAS145138" or "LAB145138" (S3-9), ((RS)-1-dichloroacetyl-3,3,8a-trimethylperhydro-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-6-one) from BASF, "furilazole" or "MON13900" ((RS)-3-dichloroacetyl-5-(2-furyl)-2,2-dimethyloxazolidine) (S3-10), and its (R) isomer (S3-11). (S4) Compounds from the classification of acylsulfonamides (S4): S4 a ) N-acylsulfonamides and their salts described in International Publication No. 97 / 45016, S4 b ) Compounds corresponding to 4-(benzoylsulfamoyl)benzamide and their salts described in International Publication No. 99 / 16744, S4 c) Compounds from the classification of benzoylsulfamoylphenylureas described in European Patent Application Publication No. 365,484, for example, 1-[4-(N-2-methoxybenzoylsulfamoyl)phenyl]-3-methylurea, 1-[4-(N-2-methoxybenzoylsulfamoyl)phenyl]-3,3-dimethylurea and 1-[4-(N-4,5-dimethylbenzoylsulfamoyl)phenyl]-3-methylurea; S4 d ) for example, N-phenylsulfonylterephthalamide type compounds and salts thereof known from Chinese Patent Application Publication No. 101838227. S5) Active compounds (S5) from the classification of hydroxyaromatic compounds and aromatic-aliphatic carboxylic acid derivatives, for example, ethyl 3,4,5-triacetoxybenzoate, 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxy salicylic acid, 4-fluorosalicylic acid, 2-hydroxycinnamic acid, 2,4-dichlorocinnamic acid described in International Publication No. 2004 / 084631, International Publication No. 2005 / 015994, International Publication No. 2005 / 016001. S6) Activity (S6) from the classification of 1,2-dihydroquinoxalin-2-ones, for example, 1-methyl-3-(2-thienyl)-1,2-dihydroquinoxalin-2-one, 1-methyl-3-(2-thienyl)-1,2-dihydroquinoxalin-2-thione, 1-(2-aminoethyl)-3-(2-thienyl)-1,2-dihydroquinoxalin-2-one hydrochloride, 1-(2-methylsulfonylaminoethyl)-3-(2-thienyl)-1,2-dihydroquinoxalin-2-one described in International Publication No. 2005 / 112630. S7) Compounds (S7) from the classification of diphenylmethoxyacetic acid derivatives, for example, methyl diphenylmethoxyacetate (CAS registration number 41858-19-9) (S7-1), ethyl diphenylmethoxyacetate or diphenylmethoxyacetic acid described in International Publication No. 98 / 38856. S8) 2-Fluoroacrylic acid derivatives described in International Publication No. 98 / 27049. S9) Active compounds (S9) from the classification of 3-(5-tetrazolylcarbonyl)-2-quinolone, for example, 1,2-dihydro-4-hydroxy-1-ethyl-3-(5-tetrazolylcarbonyl)-2-quinolone (CAS registration number 219479-18-2), 1,2-dihydro-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-(5-tetrazolylcarbonyl)-2-quinolone (CAS registration number 95855-00-8), as described in International Publication No. 99 / 000020 (WO-A-199 / 000020). S10) N-acylsulfonamides as described in International Publication No. 2007 / 023719 and International Publication No. 2007 / 023764. S11) Active compounds (S11) of the oxime-imino compound type, known as seed dressing agents, for example, "Oxabetrinil" ((Z)-1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethoxyimino(phenyl)acetonitrile) (S11-1), known as a seed dressing phytotoxicity reducing agent for millet / sorghum against metolachlor damage, "Fluxofenim" (1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-ethanone-O-(1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl)oxime) (S11-2), known as a seed dressing phytotoxicity reducing agent for millet / sorghum against metolachlor damage, and "Ciametrinil" or "CGA-43089" ((Z)-cyanomethoxyimino(phenyl)acetonitrile) (S11-3), known as a seed dressing phytotoxicity reducing agent for millet / sorghum against metolachlor damage. S12) Active compounds (S12) from the classification of isothiochromanone, for example, methyl [(3-oxo-1H-2-benzothiopyran-4(3H)-ylidene)methoxy]acetate (CAS registration number 205121-04-6) (S12-1) and related compounds from International Publication No. 1998 / 13361. S13) One or more compounds (S13) from the group: "Naphthalic anhydride" (1,8-naphthalenedicarboxylic anhydride) (S13-1), known as a seed dressing phytotoxicity reducing agent for corn against thiocarbamate herbicide damage, "Fenchlorim" (4,6-dichloro-2-phenylpyrimidine) (S13-2), known as a phytotoxicity reducing agent for pretilachlor in sown rice, "Flurazole" (benzyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate) (S13-3), known as a seed dressing phytotoxicity reducing agent for foxtail millet / sorghum against alachlor and metolachlor damage, "CL304415" from American Cyanamid (CAS registration number 31541-57-8) (4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-4-acetic acid) (S13-4), known as a phytotoxicity reducing agent for corn against damage by imidazolinones, "MG191" from Nitrokemia (CAS registration number 96420-72-3) (2-dichloromethyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane) (S13-5), known as a phytotoxicity reducing agent for corn, "MG-838" from Nitrokemia (CAS registration number 133993-74-5) (2-propenyl 1-oxa-4-azaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carbodithioate) (S13-6), "Disulfoton" (O,O-diethyl S-2-ethylthioethyl phosphorodithioate) (S13-7), "Dietholate" (O,O-diethyl O-phenyl phosphorothioate) (S13-8), "Mephenate" (4-chlorophenyl methylcarbamate) (S13-9). S14) Active compounds having, in addition to a herbicidal action against weeds, a phytotoxicity reducing agent action against crops such as rice, for example "Dimpeperate" or "MY-93" (S-1-methyl-1-phenylethylpiperidine-1-carbodithioate), known as a phytotoxicity reducing agent for rice damaged by the herbicide molinate, "Dimeuron" or "SK23" (1-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)-3-p-tolylurea), which is known as a phytotoxicity reducing agent for rice against imazosulfuron herbicide damage, "Cumiluron" = "JC-940" (3-(2-chlorophenylmethyl)-1-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)urea, see JP-A-60-087254), which is known as a phytotoxicity reducing agent for rice against some herbicides, "Methoxyphenone" or "NK049" (3,3'-dimethyl-4-methoxybenzophenone), which is known as a phytotoxicity reducing agent for rice against some herbicides, "CSB" (1-bromo-4-(chloromethylsulfonyl)benzene) (CAS registration number 54091-06-4) from Kumiai, which is known as a phytotoxicity reducing agent for rice against some herbicides. S15) Pyridine-2-oxy-3-carboxamides described in International Publication No. 2008 / 131861 and International Publication No. 2008 / 131860. S16) Active compounds that are mainly used as herbicides but also have a phytotoxicity reducing effect on crop plants, for example, (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D), (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid, (R,S)-2-(4-chloro-o-tolyloxy)propionic acid (mecoprop), 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid (2,4-DB), (4-chloro-o-tolyloxy)acetic acid (MCPA), 4-(4-chloro-o-tolyloxy)butyric acid, 4-(4-chlorophenoxy)butyric acid, 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba), 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl (lactidichlor-ethyl).

[0108] Examples of nitrification inhibitors that can be mixed with the compounds and compositions of the present invention are selected from the group consisting of: 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, 2-(4,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, 3,4-dimethylpyrazolium glycolate, 3,4-dimethylpyrazolium citrate, 3,4-dimethylpyrazolium lactate, 3,4-dimethylpyrazolium mandelate, 1,2,4-triazole, 4-chloro-3-methylpyrazole, N-((3(5)-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl)acetamide, N-((3(5)-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl)formamide, N-((3(5),4-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)methyl)formamide, N-((4-chloro-3(5)-methyl-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl)formamide;Reaction adducts of dicyandiamide, urea and formaldehyde, triazonyl-formaldehyde-dicyandiamide adducts, 2-cyano-1-((4-oxo-1,3,5-triazinane-1-yl)methyl)guanidine, 1-((2-cyanoguanidino)methyl)urea, 2-cyano-1-((2-cyanoguanidino)methyl)guanidine, 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)-pyridine (nitrapyrin or N-Serve), dicyandiamide, 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, 4,5-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, 3,4-dimethylpyrazole, 4,5-dimethylpyrazole, ammonium thiosulfate, neem, neem-based products, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, methyl p-coumarate, methyl ferulate, methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, karanjin, brachialactone, p-benzoquinone sorgoleone, 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole hydrochloride, 1-amido-2-thiourea, 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine, 2-mercapto-benzothiazole, 5-ethoxy-3-trichloromethyl-1,2,4-thiadiazole (terrazole, etridiazole), 2-sulfanylamidothiazole, 3-methylpyrazole, 1,2,4-triazole thiourea, cyanamide, melamine, zeolite powder, catechol, benzoquinone, sodium tetraborate, allylthiourea, chlorate, and zinc sulfate.;

[0109] The compounds and compositions of the present invention may be combined with one or more agriculturally beneficial agents.

[0110] Examples of agents with pesticidal effects include biostimulants, plant growth regulators, plant signal molecules, growth promoters, microbial stimulatory molecules, biomolecules, soil conditioners, nutrients, plant nutrient promoters, and others, for example, lipochitooligosaccharides (LCO), chitooligosaccharides (CO), chitinous compounds, flavonoids, jasmonic acid or its derivatives (e.g., jasmonic acid esters), cytokinins, auxins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, ethylene, brassinosteroids, salicylates, macronutrients and micronutrients, linoleic acid or its derivatives, linolenic acid or its derivatives, karrikins, and effective microorganisms (e.g., Rhizobium spp., Bradyrhizobium spp., Sinorhizobium spp., Azorhizobium spp, Glomus spp., Gigaspora spp., Hymenoscyphous spp., Oidiodendron spp., Laccaria spp., Pisolithus spp., Rhizopogon spp., Scleroderma spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Acinetobacter spp., Arthrobacter spp., Arthrobotrys spp., Aspergillus spp., Azospirillum spp., Bacillus spp., Burkholderia spp., Candida spp., Chryseomonas spp., Enterobacter spp., Eupenicillium spp., Exiguobacterium spp., Klebsiella spp., Kluyvera spp) Microbacterium spp., Mucor spp., Paecilomyces spp., Paenibacillus spp., Penicillium spp., Pseudomonas spp., Serratia spp., Stenotrophomonas spp., Streptomyces spp., Streptosporangium spp., Swaminathania spp., Thiobacillus spp., Torulospora spp., Vibrio spp., Xanthobacter spp., Xanthomonas spp., others, and combinations thereof are included.

[0111] According to some embodiments, the compounds and compositions of the present invention may be combined with one or more biostimulants. Biostimulants may promote metabolic or physiological processes such as respiration, photosynthesis, nucleic acid uptake, ion uptake, nutrient delivery, or combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of biostimulants that may be included in or used with the compositions of the present invention include seaweed extracts (e.g., Ascophyllum nodosum; BAYFOLAN ALGAE, Aglukon GmbH, Germany), bacterial extracts (e.g., extracts of one or more diazotrophs, phosphate solubilizing microorgafjaponisms and / or biopesticides), fungal extracts, humic acids (e.g., potassium humate), fulvic acids, myo-inositol, and / or glycine, protein hydrolysates and amino acids and plant sources from both animal BAYFOLAN AMBITION&BAYFOLAN copper, SICIT, Italy, inorganic compounds (e.g., silica) and combinations thereof.According to some embodiments, the biostimulant is one or more Azospirillum extracts (e.g., an extract of a medium comprising A. brasilense INTA Az-39), one or more Bradyrhizobium extracts (e.g., B. elkanii SEMIA501, B. elkanii SEMIA 587, B. elkanii SEMIA 5019, B. japonicum NRRL B-50586 (also deposited as NRRL B-59565), B. japonicum NRRL B-50587 (also deposited as NRRL B-59566), B. japonicum NRRL B-50588 (also deposited as NRRL B-59567), B. japonicum NRRL B-50589 (also deposited as NRRL B-59568), B. japonicum NRRL B-50590 (also deposited as NRRL B-59569), B. japonicum NRRL B-50591 (also deposited as NRRL B-59570), B. japonicum NRRL B-50592 (also deposited as NRRL B-59571), B. japonicum NRRL B-50593 (also deposited as NRRL B-59572), B. japonicum NRRL B-50594 (also deposited as NRRL B-50493), B. japonicum NRRL B-506. 08, B. japonicum NRRL B-50609, B. japonicum NRRL B-50610, B. japonicum NRRL B-50611, B. japonicum NRRL B-50612, B. japonicum NRRL B-50726, B. japonicum NRRL B-50727, B. japonicum NRRL B-50728, B. japonicum NRRL B-50729, B. japonicum NRRL B-50730, B. japonicum SEMIA 566, B. japonicum SEMIA 5079, B. japonicum SEMIA 5080, B. japonicum USDA 6, B. japonicum USDA 110, B. japonicum USDA 122, B. japonicum USDA 123, B. japonicum USDA 127, B. japonicum USDA 129 and / or B. japonicum USDA 532C), one or more extracts (e.g., an extract of a medium comprising R. leguminosarum SO12A-2), one or more Sinorhizobium extracts (e.g., an extract of a medium comprising S. fredii CCBAU114 and / or S. fredii USDA 205), one or more Penicillium extracts (e.g., P. bilaiae ATCC 18309, P. bilaiae ATCC 20851, P. bilaiae ATCC 22348, P. bilaiae NRRL 50162, P. bilaiae NRRL 50169, P. bilaiae P.Extracts of media comprising P. bilaiae NRRL 50776, P. bilaiae NRRL 50777, P. bilaiae NRRL 50778, P. bilaiae NRRL 50777, P. bilaiae NRRL 50778, P. bilaiae NRRL 50779, P. bilaiae NRRL 50780, P. bilaiae NRRL 50781, P. bilaiae NRRL 50782, P. bilaiae NRRL 50783, P. bilaiae NRRL 50784, P. bilaiae NRRL 50785, P. bilaiae NRRL 50786, P. bilaiae NRRL 50787, P. bilaiae NRRL 50788, P. bilaiae RS7B-SD1, P. brevicompactum AgRF18, P. canescens ATCC 10419, P. expansum ATCC 24692, P. expansum YT02, P. fellatanum ATCC 48694, P. gaestrivorus NRRL 50170, P. glabrum DAOM 239074, P. glabrum CBS 229.28, P. janthinellum ATCC 10455, P. lanosocoeruleum ATCC 48919, P. radicum ATCC 201836, P. radicum FRR 4717, P. radicum FRR 4719, P. radicum N93 / 47267 and / or P. raistrickii ATCC 10490), one or more Pseudomonas extracts (e.g., P. jessenii P.Extracts of media comprising jessenii) PS06), one or more acaricidal, insecticidal and / or nematicidal extracts (e.g., extracts of media comprising Bacillus firmus I-1582, Bacillus mycoides AQ726, NRRL B-21664; Beauveria bassiana ATCC-74040, Beauveria bassiana ATCC-74250, Burkholderia sp. A396 sp. nov. rinojensis, NRRL B-50319, Chromobacterium subtsugae NRRL B-30655, Chromobacterium vaccinii NRRL B-50880, Flavobacterium H492, NRRL B-50584, Metarhizium anisopliae F52 (also known as Metarhizium anisopliae strain 52, Metarhizium anisopliae strain 7, Metarhizium anisopliae strain 43 and Metarhizium anisopliae BIO-1020, TAE-001; deposited as DSM 3884, DSM 3885, ATCC 90448, SD 170 and ARSEF 7711) and / or Paecilomyces fumosoroseus FE991), and / or one or more antifungal extracts (e.g., extracts of media comprising Ampelomyces quisqualis AQ 10 (registered trademark) (Intrachem Bio GmbH&Co.KG, Germany), Aspergillus flavus AFLA-GUARD (registered trademark) (Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc., Switzerland), Aureobasidium pullulans BOTECTOR® (bio-ferm GmbH, Germany), Bacillus pumilus AQ717 (NRRL B-21662), Bacillus pumilus NRRL B-30087, V(Bacillus)AQ175 (ATCC 55608), Bacillus AQ177 (AT. CC 55609), Bacillus subtilis AQ713 (NRRL B-21661), Bacillus subtilis AQ743 (NRRL B-21665), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB24, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NRRL B-50349, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TJ1000 (also known as 1BE, isolate ATCC BAA-390), Bacillus thuringiensis AQ52 (NRRL B-21619), Candida oleophila I-82 (e.g., ASPIRE®, Ecogen Inc., USA), Candida saitoana BIOCURE® (mixture with lysozyme BASF, USA) and BIOCOAT® (ArystaLife Science, Ltd., Cary, NC), Clonostachys rosea f. catenulata (also called Gliocladium catenulatum) J1446 (PRESTOP®, Verdera, Finland), Coniothyrium minitans CONTANS® (Prophyta, Germany), Cryphonectria parasitica (CNICM, France), Cryptococcus albidus YIELD PLUS® (Anchor Bio-Technologies, South Africa), Fusarium oxysporum BIOFOX® (S.I.A.P.A., Italy) and FUSACLEAN (registered trademark) (Natural Plant Protection, France), Metschnikowia fructicola SHEMER (registered trademark) (Agrogreen, Israel), Microdochium dimerum ANTIBOT (registered trademark) (Agrauxine, France), Muscodor albus NRRL 30547, Muscodor roseus NRRL 30548, Phlebiopsis gigantea ROTSOP (registered trademark) (Verdera, Finland), Pseudozyma flocculosa SPORODEX (registered trademark) (Plant Products Co., Ltd., Canada), Pythium oligandrum DV74 (POLYVERSUM®, Remeslo SSRO, Biopreparaty, Czech Republic), Reynoutria sachlinensis (e.g., REGALIA® Marrone BioInnovations, USA), Streptomyces NRRL B-30145, Streptomyces M1064, Streptomyces galbus NRRL 30232, Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 (ATCC 55445), Streptomyces violaceusniger YCED 9 (ATCC 55660; DE-THATCH-9®, DECOMP-9® and THATCH CONTROL®, Idaho Research Foundation, USA), Streptomyces WYE 53 (ATCC 55750; DE-THATCH-9®, DECOMP-9® and THATCH CONTROL®, Idaho Research Foundation, USA), Talaromyces flavus V117b (PROTUS®, Prophyta, Germany), Trichoderma asperellum SKT-1 (ECO-HOPE®, Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Japan), Trichoderma atroviride LC52 (SENTINEL®, Agrimm Technologies Ltd, New Zealand), Trichoderma harzianum T-22 (PLANTSHIELD®, der Firma BioWorks Inc., United States), Trichoderma harzianum TH-35 (ROOT PRO (registered trademark), Mycontrol Ltd., Israel), Trichoderma harzianum T-39 (TRICHODEX (registered trademark), Mycontrol Ltd., Israel; TRICHODERMA 2000 (registered trademark), Makhteshim Ltd., Israel), Trichoderma harzianum ICC012 and Trichoderma viride TRICHOPEL (Agrimm Technologies Ltd, New Zealand), Trichoderma harzianum ICC012 and Trichoderma viride ICC080 (REMEDIER (registered trademark) WP, Isagro Ricerca, Italy), Trichoderma polysporum and Trichoderma harzianum (BINAB (registered trademark), BINAB Bio-Innovation AB, Sweden), Trichoderma stromaticum TRICOVAB (registered trademark) (C.E.P.L.A.C., Brazil), Trichoderma virens GL-21 (SOILGARD®, Certis LLC, USA), Trichoderma virens G1-3, ATCC 57678, Trichoderma virens G1-21 (Thermo Trilogy Corporation, Wasco, Canada), Trichoderma virens G1-3 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB2, Trichoderma virens G1-3 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NRRL B-50349, Trichoderma virens G1-3 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TJ1000, Trichoderma virens G1-21 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB24, Trichoderma virens G1-21 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NRRL B-50349, Trichoderma virens G1-21 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TJ1000, Trichoderma viride TRIECO® (Ecosense Labs. (India) Pvt. Ltd., India, BIO-CURE® F, T. Stanes & Co. Ltd., India), Trichoderma viride TV1 (Agribiotec srl, Italy), Trichoderma viride ICC080, and / or Ulocladium oudemansii HRU3 (BOTRY-ZEN®, Botry-Zen Ltd, New Zealand)), and extracts of media comprising these combinations may be included.

[0112] According to some embodiments, the compounds and compositions of the present invention may be combined with one or more lipochitooligosaccharides (LCOs), chitooligosaccharides (COs), and / or chitinous compounds. LCOs, also sometimes referred to as common symbiotic nodulation (Nod) signals (or nod factors) or Myc factors, consist of an oligosaccharide backbone of β-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (“GlcNAc”) residues with N-linked fatty acyl chains condensed at the non-reducing termini. As is understood in the art, LCOs differ in the number of GlcNAc residues in the backbone, the length and degree of saturation of the fatty acyl chains, and the substitution of reducing or non-reducing sugar residues. See, for example, Denarie et al., Ann. Rev. Biochem. 65:503 (1996); Diaz et al., Mol. Plant-Microbe Interactions 13:268 (2000); Hungria et al., Soil Biol. Biochem. 29:819 (1997); Hamel et al., Planta 232:787 (2010); and Prome et al., Pure & Appl. Chem. 70(1):55 (1998).

[0113] LCO (and its derivatives) may be included or utilized in various purity forms and can be used alone or in the form of a culture broth of LCO-producing bacteria or fungi. For example, OPTIMIZE® (commercially available from Bayer) contains a culture broth of Bradyrhizobium japonicum that produces LCO. Methods for providing substantially pure LCO include removing bacterial cells from a mixture of LCO and microorganisms, or continuing with LCO solvent phase separation as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,549,718 and then isolating and purifying LCO molecules by HPLC chromatography. Purification can be facilitated by repeating HPLC chromatography, and the purified LCO molecules can be lyophilized for long-term storage. The compositions and methods of the present disclosure may include LCO analogs, derivatives, hydrates, isomers, circles and / or solvates. LCO can be incorporated into the compositions according to the invention to any appropriate amount / concentration. For example, the compositions according to the invention comprise from about 1×10 -20 M to about 1×10 -1 M of LCO. The amount / concentration of LCO can be an amount effective to confer a preferred trait or benefit to the plant, such as enhancing the growth and / or yield of the plant to which the composition is applied. According to some embodiments, the LCO amount / concentration is not effective to enhance the yield of the plant without a beneficial contribution from one or more other components of the composition, such as CO and / or one or more insecticides.

[0114] The compounds and compositions of the present invention may be combined, perhaps, with one or more LCOs and in combination with any suitable CO. COs differ from LCOs in that they do not have the fatty acid pendant molecular chains that are characteristic of LCOs. COs are called N-acetylchitooligosaccharides and consist of GlcNAc residues, but chitin molecules [(C 8 H 13 NO 5 ) n , CAS No. 1398-61-4] and chitosan molecules [(C 5 H 11 NO 4 ) nIt has a side chain modification that is different from [[CAS No. 9012-76-4]]. See, for example, D’Haeze et al., Glycobiol. 12(6):79R (2002); Demont-Caulet et al., Plant Physiol. 120(1):83 (1999); Hanel et al., Planta 232:787 (2010); Muller et al., Plant Physiol. 124:733 (2000); Robina et al., Tetrahedron 58:521-530 (2002); Rouge et al., Docking of Chitin Oligomers and Nod Factors on Lectin Domains of the LysM-RLK Receptors in the Medicago-Rhizobium Symbiosis, in The Molecular Immunology of Complex Carbohydrates-3 (Springer Science, 2011); Van der Holst et al., Curr. Opin. Struc. Biol. 11:608 (2001); and Wan et al., Plant Cell 21:1053 (2009). CO may be obtained from any suitable source. For example, CO may be derived from LCO. For example, in an embodiment, the composition according to the invention comprises one or more COs derived from LCO (i.e., isolated and / or purified) obtained from Azorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium (e.g., B. japonicum), Mesorhizobium, Rhizobium (e.g., R. leguminosarum), Sinorhizobium (e.g., S. meliloti), or mycorrhizal fungi (e.g., Glomus intraradicus). Alternatively, CO may be synthesized. Methods for preparing recombinant CO are known in the art.See, for example, Cottaz et al., Meth. Eng. 7(4):311 (2005); Samain et al., Carbohydrate Res. 302:35 (1997.); and Samain et al., J. Biotechnol. 72:33 (1999). These contents and disclosures are incorporated herein by reference.

[0115] CO (and its derivatives) may be included or utilized in various purity forms and can be used alone or in the form of a culture broth of CO-producing bacteria or fungi. It should be understood that the compounds and compositions of the present invention may be combined with hydrates, isomers, salts, and / or solvates of CO. CO may be used in any suitable amount / concentration. For example, the composition according to the present invention may contain from about 1×10 -20 M to about 1×10 -1 M of CO. The amount / concentration of CO can be an amount effective to confer or provide favorable traits or benefits to plants, such as for enhancing the soil microbial environment, enhancing nutrient uptake, or increasing the growth and / or yield of plants to which the composition is applied. According to some embodiments, the CO amount / concentration may not be effective to enhance plant growth without the beneficial contribution from one or more other components of the composition, such as LCO and / or one or more inoculants, biomolecules, nutrients, or insecticides.

[0116] The compounds and compositions of the present invention may be combined with one or more suitable chitinous compounds such as, for example, chitin, chitosan, and their isomers, salts and solvates. Chitin and chitosan, which are the main components of fungal cell walls and the exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans, consist of GlcNAc. Chitin and chitosan may be obtained commercially or prepared from insects, crustacean shells, or fungal cell walls. Methods for preparing chitin and chitosan are known in the art. See, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 4,536,207 (prepared from crustacean shells) and 5,965,545 (prepared from crab shells and hydrolysis of commercially available chitosan); and Pochanavanich et al., Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 35:17 (2002) (prepared from fungal cell walls). Deacetylated chitin and chitosan with a range of deacetylation from less than 35% to greater than 90% and a broad spectrum of molecular weights may be obtained, for example, low molecular weight chitosan oligomers of less than 15 kD and chitin oligomers of 0.5 - 2 kD; "practical grade" chitosan of a molecular weight of about 15 kD; and high molecular weight chitosan of 70 kD or less. Chitin and chitosan compositions formulated for the intended treatment are commercially available. Commercially available products include, for example, ELEXA® (Plant Defense Boosters, Inc.) and BEYOND™ (Agrihouse, Inc.).

[0117] The compounds and compositions of the present invention may be combined with one or more suitable flavonoids, including, but not limited to, anthocyanidins, anthoxanthins, chalcones, coumarins, flavonones, flavanonols, flavans and isoflavonoids, and their analogs, derivatives, hydrates, isomers, polymers, salts and solvates. Flavonoids are phenolic compounds having a general structure of two aromatic rings connected by a three-carbon bridge. The classification of flavonoids is known in the art. See, for example, Jain et al., J. Plant Biochem. & Biotechnol. 11:1 (2002); and Shaw et al., Environ. Microbiol. 11:1867 (2006). This content and disclosure are incorporated herein by reference. Some flavonoid compounds are commercially available. Flavonoid compounds may be isolated from plants or seeds, for example, as described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,702,752; 5,990,291; and 6,146,668. Flavonoid compounds may also be produced by organisms such as genetically engineered yeast. See, for example, Ralston et al., Plant Physiol. 137:1375 (2005).

[0118] According to some embodiments, the compounds and compositions of the present invention are combined with one or more flavanones such as butin, eriodyctiol, hesperetin, hesperidin, homoeriodyctiol, isosakuranetin, naringenin, naringin, pinocembrin, poncirin, sakuranetin, sakuranin, and / or one or more of sterubin, one or more flavanonols such as dihydroquercetin and / or taxifolin, one or more flavan-3-ols (e.g., catechin (C), catechin 3-gallate (Cg), epicatechins (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin 3-gallate (ECg), epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCg), epiafzelechin, fisetinidol, gallocatechin (GC), gallocatechin 3-gallate (GCg), guibourtinidol, mesquitol, robinetinidol, theaflavin-3-gallate, theaflavin-3'-gallate, theaflavin-3,3'-digallate, thearubigin), flavan-4-ols (e.g., apiforol and / or luteohorol) and / or flavan-3,4-diols (e.g., leucocyanidin, leucodelphinidin, leucofisetinidin, leucomalvidin, leucopelargonidin, leucopeonidin, leucorobinetinidin, melacacidin and / or teracacidin) and / or one or more flavans such as their dimers, trimers, oligomers and / or polymers (e.g., one or more proanthocyanidins), one or more isoflavones or flavonoid derivatives (e.g., biocanin A, daidzein, formononetin, genistein and / or glycitein), isoflavans (e.g., equol, ioncocalpan and / or laxiflorol), isoflavandiol, isoflavenes (e.g., grabrine, haginin D and / or 2-methoxydaidzein), coumestans (e.g., coumestrol, pricatin and / or wedelolactone), pterocarpans, roetnoids, neoflavonoids (e.g., carphyllolide, coutareagenin, dalbergichromene, dalbergin, nivectin), and / or pterocarpans (e.g., bavachin A, bavachin B, erybraedin A, erybraedin B,One or more isoflavonoids such as erythrabyssin II, erythrabysin-1, erycristagalin, glycinol, glyceolins, glyceolins, glycirrhizin, maackiain, medicarpin, molybdianine, orientanol, phaseollin, pisatin, striatin, trifolirhizin), and combinations thereof may be combined. Flavonoids and their derivatives may be included in the composition in any suitable form, including but not limited to polymorphic and crystalline forms. Flavonoids may be included in the composition according to the invention in any suitable amount or concentration. The amount / concentration of flavonoids may be an amount effective to confer a benefit to the plant and may act directly on soil microorganisms or other means, such as to enhance phytohormones and / or yield. According to some embodiments, the amount / concentration of flavonoids may not be effective to enhance the plant's phytohormones or yield without a beneficial contribution from one or more other components of the composition, such as LCO, CO and / or one or more insecticides.,

[0119] The compounds and compositions of the present invention may be combined with one or more suitable non-flavonoid nod gene inducers, and examples of the non-flavonoid nod gene inducers include jasmonic acid ([1R-[1α,2β(Z)]]-3-oxo-2-(pentenyl)cyclopentaneacetic acid; JA), linoleic acid ((Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid) and / or linolenic acid ((Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid), and their analogs, derivatives, hydrates, isomers, polymers, salts and solvates, but are not limited thereto. Jasmonic acid and its methyl ester, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), which are collectively known as jasmonic acid esters, are octadecanoid-based compounds that occur naturally in some plants (e.g., wheat), fungi (e.g., Botryodiplodia theobromae, Gibbrella fujikuroi), enzymes (e.g., Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli). Linoleic acid and linolenic acid may be produced during the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid. Jasmonic acid esters, linoleic acid and linolenic acid (and their derivatives) have been reported to be inducers of nod gene expression or LCO production by rhizosphere bacteria. See, for example, Mabood et al., Plant Physiol. Biochem. 44(11):759 (2006); Mabood et al., Agr. J. 98(2):289 (2006); Mabood et al., Field Crops Res.95(2-3):412 (2006); and Mabood & Smith, Linoleic and linolenic acid induce the expression of nod genes in Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 3, Plant Biol. (2001).

[0120] Derivatives of jasmonic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid that can be contained or used in combination with the compounds and compositions according to the present invention include esters, amides, glycosides, and salts thereof. Representative esters are compounds in which the carboxyl group of linoleic acid, linolenic acid, or jasmonic acid is substituted by a -COR group, and R of the -COR group is R 1 is: C 1 ~C 8 a non-branched or branched alkyl group, for example, an alkyl group such as a methyl, ethyl, or propyl group; C 2 ~C 8 an alkenyl group such as a non-branched or branched alkenyl group; C 2 ~C 8 an alkynyl group such as a non-branched or branched alkynyl group; for example, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; or a heteroaryl group having, for example, 4 to 9 carbon atoms, wherein the heteroatom in the heteroaryl group can be, for example, N, O, P, or S, -OR 1 is. Representative amides are compounds in which the carboxyl group of linoleic acid, linolenic acid, or jasmonic acid is substituted by a -COR group, and R of the -COR group is R 2 and R 3 are each independently: hydrogen; C 1 ~C 8 a non-branched or branched alkyl group, for example, an alkyl group such as a methyl, ethyl, or propyl group; C 2 ~C 8 an alkenyl group such as a non-branched or branched alkenyl group; C 2 ~C 8 an alkynyl group such as a non-branched or branched alkynyl group; for example, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; or a heteroaryl group having, for example, 4 to 9 carbon atoms, wherein the heteroatom in the heteroaryl group can be, for example, N, O, P, or S, NR 2 R 3It is a base. Esters can be prepared by known methods such as acid-catalyzed nucleophilic addition reactions in which carboxylic acids are reacted with alcohols in the presence of a catalytic amount of mineral acid. Amides can also be prepared by known methods such as reacting carboxylic acids with appropriate amines in the presence of a coupling agent such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) under neutral conditions. Suitable salts of linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and jasmonic acid include, for example, base addition salts. Bases that can be used as reagents for preparing metabolically acceptable base salts of these compounds include those derived from cations such as alkali metal cations (e.g., potassium and sodium) and alkaline earth metal cations (e.g., calcium and magnesium). These salts can be easily prepared by mixing a solution of linoleic acid, linolenic acid, or jasmonic acid with a solution of the base. The salts may be precipitated from the solution and collected by filtration, or recovered by other means such as evaporation of the solvent.

[0121] Non-flavonoid nod gene inducers may be used in combination with the compounds and compositions of the present invention in any suitable amount / concentration. For example, the amount / concentration of the non-flavonoid nod gene inducer can be an amount effective to confer or provide a preferred trait or benefit to the plant, such as enhancing the growth and / or yield of the plant to which the composition is applied. According to some embodiments, the amount / concentration of the non-flavonoid nod gene inducer may not be effective to enhance the growth and / or yield of the plant without a beneficial contribution from one or more other components of the composition, such as LCO, CO, and / or one or more insecticides.

[0122] The compounds and compositions of the present invention may be combined well with carotenoids, including but not limited to 2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one, and their analogs, derivatives, hydrates, isomers, polymers, salts and solvates. Examples of biologically acceptable salts of carotenoids include acid addition salts formed with biologically acceptable acids, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfate or bisulfate, phosphate or hydrogen phosphate, acetate, benzoate, succinate, fumarate, maleate, lactate, citrate, tartrate, gluconate; methanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate and p-toluenesulfonic acid. Further biologically acceptable metal salts can include alkali metal salts with bases, such as sodium salts and potassium salts. Carotenoids can be incorporated into the compositions according to the present invention in any suitable amount or concentration. For example, the amount / concentration of carotenoids can be an amount effective to confer or provide favorable traits or benefits to plants, such as enhancing the growth and / or yield of plants to which the composition is applied. In an embodiment, the amount / concentration of carotenoids may not be effective to enhance plant nutrients and / or yield without a beneficial contribution from one or more other components of the composition, such as LCO, CO and / or one or more insecticides.

[0123] The compounds and compositions of the present invention may be combined with one or more anthocyanidins and / or anthoxanthins, such as cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, petunidin, flavones (e.g., apigenin, baicalein, chrysin, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, diosmin, flavoxate, 6-hydroxyflavone, luteolin, scutellarein, tangeretin and / or wogonin) and / or flavonols (e.g., amrencin, astragalin, azaleatin, azalein, fisetin, furanoflavonol galangin, gossypetin, 3-hydroxyflavone, hyperoside, icariin, isokercetin, kaempferid, kaempferitrin, kaempferol, isolamnetin, morin, myricetin, myricitrin, natsudaidain, pachypodol, pyranoflavonol quercetin, quercetin, rhamnazin, rhamnetin, robinin, rutin, spireoside, troxerutin and / or xanthramnin, and combinations of one or more thereof).

[0124] The compounds and compositions of the present invention may be combined with gluconolactone and / or their analogs, derivatives, hydrates, isomers, polymers, salts and / or solvates. Gluconolactone can be incorporated into the compositions according to the present invention to any appropriate amount / concentration. For example, the amount / concentration of gluconolactone can be an amount effective to confer or provide a favorable trait or benefit to the plant, such as enhancing the growth and / or yield of the plant to which the composition is applied. In an embodiment, the amount / concentration of gluconolactone may not be effective to enhance the plant nutrients and / or yield without the beneficial contribution from one or more other components of the composition, such as LCO, CO and / or one or more insecticides.

[0125] The compounds and compositions of the present invention are combined with organic acids (e.g., acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, taurine, etc.), major minerals (e.g., phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, iron, etc.), trace minerals (e.g., boron, cobalt, chloride, chromium, copper, fluoride, iodide, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc, etc.), vitamins (e.g., vitamin A, vitamin B group (i.e., vitamin B 1 , vitamin B 2 , vitamin B 3 , vitamin B 5 , vitamin B 6 , vitamin B 7 , vitamin B 8 , vitamin B 9 , vitamin B 12, choline), vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K), and / or carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene, cryptoxanthin, lutein, lycopene, zeaxanthin, others), and may be combined with one or more suitable nutrients and / or fertilizers such as combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the compounds and compositions of the present invention may be combined with the macronutrients and micronutrients of plants or microorganisms including phosphorus, boron, choline, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum and / or zinc. According to some embodiments, the compounds and compositions of the present invention may be combined with one or more beneficial micronutrients. Non-limiting examples of micronutrients for use in the compositions described herein include vitamins (vitamin A, vitamin B group (i.e., vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B8, vitamin B9, vitamin B12, choline), vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K), carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene, cryptoxanthin, lutein, lycopene, zeaxanthin, others), major minerals (e.g., phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, iron, others), trace minerals (e.g., boron, cobalt, chloride, chromium, copper, fluoride, iodide, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc, others), organic acids (e.g., acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, others), and combinations thereof (BAYFOLAN secure, BAYFOLAN complete, BAYFOLAN energy, BAYFOLAN power, Aglukon GmbH, Germany). In certain embodiments, the composition may comprise phosphorus, boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, and / or zinc, and combinations thereof. For compositions comprising phosphorus, it is contemplated that any suitable source of phosphorus may be used.For example, phosphorus can be from a phosphate ore source such as monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate, superphosphate, triple superphosphate, and / or ammonium polyphosphate, an organic phosphorus source that can be solubilized by one or more microorganisms (e.g., Penicillium bilaiae), or may be derived from a phosphorus source.

[0126] Composition / Formulation The present invention further relates to a composition, particularly a composition for controlling undesirable microorganisms. The composition can be sprayed on the microorganisms and / or their habitats.

[0127] The composition comprises at least one compound of the present invention and at least one agriculturally suitable adjuvant, such as a carrier and / or a surfactant.

[0128] The carrier is generally an inert, solid or liquid, natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic substance. The carrier generally improves the application of the compound to, for example, plants, plant parts, or seeds. Examples of suitable solid carriers include ammonium salts, especially ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, and ammonium nitrate, natural rock powders such as kaolin, clay, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite, and diatomaceous earth, silica gels such as microsilica, alumina, silicates, and synthetic rock powders, but are not limited thereto. Examples of typically useful solid carriers for preparing granules include ground and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite, dolomite, synthetic granules of inorganic and organic wheat flours, and granules of organic materials such as paper, sawdust, coconut shells, corn cobs, and tobacco stems, but are not limited thereto. Examples of suitable liquid carriers include water, organic solvents, and combinations thereof, but are not limited thereto. Examples of suitable solvents include, for example, polar and nonpolar organic chemical liquids from the classification of aromatic and non-aromatic hydrocarbons (cyclohexane, paraffin, alkylbenzene, xylene, toluene, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylnaphthalene, chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorinated aromatic or chlorobenzene, chloroethylene, or methylene chloride, etc.), alcohols and polyols (ethanol, propanol, butanol, benzyl alcohol, cyclohexanol, or glycol, etc., which may be substituted, etherified, and / or esterified), ketones (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, or cyclohexanone, etc.), esters (including fats and oils) and (poly)ethers, unsubstituted and substituted amines, amides (such as dimethylformamide or fatty acid amides), and esters thereof, lactams (such as N-alkylpyrrolidone, especially N-methylpyrrolidone, etc.) and lactones, sulfones and sulfoxides (such as dimethyl sulfoxide, etc.), oils derived from plants or animals. The carrier may also be a liquefied gas extender, i.e., a liquid that is a gas under standard temperature and pressure, such as an aerosol propellant such as a halogenated hydrocarbon, butane, propane, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc.

[0129] Preferred solid carriers are selected from clay, talc and silica.

[0130] Preferred liquid carriers are selected from water, fatty acid amides and their esters, aromatic and non-aromatic hydrocarbons, lactams, and carbonates.

[0131] The amount of the carrier is typically in the range of 1 to 99.99% by weight, preferably 5 to 99.9% by weight, more preferably 10 to 99.5% by weight, and most preferably 20 to 99% by weight of the composition.

[0132] The liquid carrier is typically present in the range of 20 to 90% by weight, such as 30 to 80% by weight of the composition.

[0133] The solid carrier is typically present in the range of 0 to 50% by weight, preferably 5 to 45% by weight, such as 10 to 30% by weight of the composition.

[0134] When the composition comprises two or more carriers, the ranges outlined represent the total amount of the carriers.

[0135] The surfactant can be an ionic (cationic or anionic), amphoteric or non-ionic surfactant such as an ionic or non-ionic emulsifier, foaming agent, dispersant, wetting agent, penetration enhancer, and mixtures of any of these. Examples of suitable surfactants include salts of polyacrylic acid, salts of lignosulfonic acid (such as sodium lignosulfonate), salts of phenolsulfonic acid or naphthalenesulfonic acid, polycondensates of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide with fatty alcohols, fatty acids or fatty amines (e.g., polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters such as castor oil ethoxylate, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers such as alkylaryl polyglycol ethers), substituted phenols (preferably alkylphenols or arylphenols) and their ethoxylates (such as tristyrylphenol ethoxylate), salts of sulfosuccinic acid esters, taurine derivatives (preferably alkyltaurates), phosphate esters of polyethoxylated alcohols or phenols, fatty esters of polyols (such as fatty acid esters of glycerol, sorbitol, or sucrose), sulfates (such as alkyl sulfates and alkyl ether sulfates), sulfonates (e.g., alkyl sulfonates, aryl sulfonates, and alkylbenzene sulfonates), phosphate esters, protein hydrolysates, lignosulfite waste liquor, and methylcellulose, but are not limited thereto. Any reference to salts in this paragraph preferably represents the respective alkali salts, alkaline earth salts, and ammonium salts.

[0136] Preferred surfactants are selected from polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, alkylbenzene sulfonates such as calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, castor oil ethoxylate, sodium lignosulfonate, and arylphenol ethoxylates such as tristyrylphenol ethoxylate.

[0137] The amount of surfactant is typically in the range of 5 to 40% by weight, for example 10 to 20% by weight of the composition.

[0138] Further examples of suitable auxiliaries are water repellents, desiccants, binders (fixatives such as adhesives, tackifiers, carboxymethyl cellulose, natural polymers and synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules or latexes such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate, natural phospholipids and synthetic phospholipids such as cephalin and lecithin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and tyrosin), thickeners and secondary thickeners (cellulose ethers, acrylic acid derivatives, xanthan gum, modified clays, for example products available under the name BENTONE®, and finely divided silica etc.), stabilizers (for example cryostabilizers, preservatives (for example dichlorophen and benzyl alcohol hemiformal), antioxidants, light stabilizers, especially UV stabilizers, or other agents which improve chemical and / or physical stability), dyes or pigments (for example inorganic pigments such as iron oxide, titanium oxide, Prussian blue, organic dyes such as alizarin, azo, metal phthalocyanine dyes etc.), defoamers (for example silicone defoamers and magnesium stearate), antifreezes, stickers, gibberellins, processing aids, mineral oils, vegetable oils, fragrances, waxes, nutrients (including micronutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum, and zinc), protective colloids, thixotropic substances, penetrants, sequestering agents, and complexing agents).

[0139] The choice of auxiliaries depends on the intended method of application of the compounds of the invention and / or on the physical properties of the compounds. Furthermore, the auxiliaries can be selected in order to impart specific properties (technical, physical, and / or biological properties) to the composition or to the use forms prepared therefrom. The choice of auxiliaries can make it possible to customize the composition to specific needs.

[0140] The compositions of the invention may be provided to the end user as ready-to-use formulations, i.e. the compositions may be applied directly to plants or seeds by means of suitable equipment such as spraying or spreading equipment. Alternatively, the compositions may be provided to the end user in the form of concentrates which preferably need to be diluted with water before use.

[0141] The composition of the present invention can be prepared by conventional methods, for example, by mixing the compound of the present invention with one or more suitable auxiliaries as disclosed above herein.

[0142] The composition comprises a bactericidally effective amount of the compound of the present invention. The term "effective amount" refers to an amount sufficient to control harmful fungi on cultivated plants or to protect materials and that does not cause substantial damage to the treated plants. Such amount can vary within a wide range and depends on various factors such as the fungal species to be controlled, the cultivated plant or material to be treated, the climatic conditions, and the specific compound of the present invention used. Usually, the composition according to the present invention contains 0.01 to 99% by weight, preferably 0.05 to 98% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 95% by weight, even more preferably 0.5 to 90% by weight, and most preferably 1 to 80% by weight of the compound of the present invention. It is possible for the composition to comprise two or more compounds of the present invention. In such a case, the ranges outlined represent the total amount of the compounds of the present invention.

[0143] The compositions of the present invention may be of any conventional composition type, such as solutions (e.g., aqueous solutions), emulsions, aqueous and oily suspensions, powders (e.g., wettable powders, water-soluble powders), dusts, pastes, granules (e.g., water-soluble granules, spreading granules), suspoemulsion concentrates, natural or synthetic products impregnated with the compounds of the present invention, fertilizers, and microencapsulated polymer substances. The compounds of the present invention may be present in a suspended, emulsified, or dissolved form. Examples of certain suitable composition types include solutions, water-soluble concentrates (e.g., SL, LS), dispersible concentrates (DC), suspensions and suspension concentrates (e.g., SC, OD, OF, FS), emulsions (e.g., EC), emulsions (e.g., EW, EO, ES, ME, SE), capsule formulations (e.g., CS, ZC), pastes, lozenges, wettable powders or dusts (e.g., WP, SP, WS, DP, DS), pressurized formulations (e.g., BR, TB, DT), granules (e.g., WG, SG, GR, FG, GG, MG), insecticides (e.g., LN), and gel formulations (e.g., GW, GF) for treating plant propagation materials such as seeds. These and further composition types are defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). An overview is given in "Catalogue of pesticide formulation types and international coding system", Technical Monograph No. 2, 6th Ed. May 2008, Croplife International.

[0144] Preferably, the compositions of the present invention are in one form of the following types: EC, SC, FS, SE, OD, and WG, more preferably one of EC, SC, OD, and WG.

[0145] Examples of composition types and further details regarding their preparation are shown below. When two or more compounds of the present invention are present, the approximate amount of the compounds of the present invention represents the total amount of the compounds of the present invention. This applies mutatis mutandis to any further components of the composition, for example, when there are two or more representatives of such components such as wetting agents or binders.

[0146] i) Water-soluble concentrates (SL, LS) 10 to 60% by weight of at least one compound of the present invention and 5 to 15% by weight of a surfactant (for example, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether) are added with such an amount of water and / or a water-soluble solvent (for example, a carbonate such as propylene glycol or propylene carbonate) so that the total amount becomes 100% by weight. Before spraying, the concentrate is diluted with water.

[0147] ii) Dispersible concentrates (DC) 5 to 25% by weight of at least one compound of the present invention and 1 to 10% by weight of a surfactant and / or a binder (for example, polyvinylpyrrolidone) are dissolved in such an amount of an organic solvent (for example, cyclohexanone) so that the total amount becomes 100% by weight. Dilute with water to obtain a dispersant.

[0148] iii) Emulsions (EC) 15 to 70% by weight of at least one compound of the present invention and 5 to 10% by weight of a surfactant (for example, a mixture of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate) are added with such an amount of a water-insoluble organic solvent (for example, an aromatic hydrocarbon) and, if necessary, an additional water-soluble solvent so that the total amount becomes 100% by weight. Diluting with water gives an emulsion.

[0149] iv) Emulsion formulations (EW, EO, ES) 5 to 40% by weight of at least one compound of the present invention and 1 to 10% by weight of a surfactant (for example, a mixture of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate) are dissolved in 20 to 40% by weight of a water-insoluble organic solvent (for example, an aromatic hydrocarbon). This mixture is added to such an amount of water by an emulsifier so that the total amount becomes 100% by weight. The resulting composition is a homogeneous emulsion formulation. Before spraying, the emulsion formulation may be further diluted with water.

[0150] v) Suspending agents and suspension concentrates v-1) Aqueous (SC, FS) For example, in a suitable grinding device such as a stirred ball mill, 20 to 60% by weight of at least one compound of the present invention is pulverized with the addition of 2 to 10% by weight of a surfactant (for example, sodium lignin sulfonate and polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether), and 0.1 to 2% by weight of a thickener (for example, xanthan gum) and water are added to obtain a fine suspension of the active substance. Water is added in an amount such that the total amount is 100% by weight. Dilute with water to obtain a stable suspending agent for the active substance. In the case of an FS type composition, up to 40% by weight of a binder (for example, polyvinyl alcohol) is added.

[0151] v-2) Oily (OD, OF) For example, in a suitable grinding device such as a stirred ball mill, 20 to 60% by weight of at least one compound of the present invention is pulverized with the addition of 2 to 10% by weight of a surfactant (for example, sodium lignin sulfonate and polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether), and 0.1 to 2% by weight of a thickener (for example, modified clay, especially BENTONE® or silica) and an organic carrier are added to obtain a fine oily suspension of the active substance. This organic carrier is added in an amount such that the total amount is 100% by weight. Diluting with water gives a stable dispersion of the active substance.

[0152] vi) Water-dispersible granules and water-soluble granules (WG, SG) 50 to 80% by weight of at least one compound of the present invention is finely pulverized with the addition of a surfactant (for example, sodium lignin sulfonate and polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether), and converted into water-dispersible or water-soluble granules by a technical device (for example, an extruder, a spray tower, a fluidized bed). The surfactant is used in an amount such that the total amount is 100% by weight. Diluting with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active substance.

[0153] vii) Water-dispersible powders and water-soluble powders (WP, SP, WS) To 50 - 80% by weight of at least one compound of the present invention, add 1 - 8% by weight of a surfactant (e.g., sodium lignosulfonate, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether) and such an amount of a solid carrier, e.g., silica gel, and grind in a rotor - stator mill to make the total amount 100% by weight. Dilute with water to obtain a stable dispersant or solution of the active substance.

[0154] viii) Gel agent (GW, GF) In a stirred ball mill, add 3 - 10% by weight of a surfactant (e.g., sodium lignosulfonate) to 5 - 25% by weight of at least one compound of the present invention and grind, then add 1 - 5% by weight of a binder (e.g., carboxymethyl cellulose) and such an amount of water to make the total amount 100% by weight. Thereby, a fine suspension of the active substance is obtained. Dilute with water to obtain a stable suspension of the active substance.

[0155] ix) Microemulsion agent (ME) Add 5 - 20% by weight of at least one compound of the present invention to 5 - 30% by weight of an organic solvent blend (e.g., fatty acid dimethylamide and cyclohexanone), 10 - 25% by weight of a surfactant blend (e.g., polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether and arylphenol ethoxylate), and such an amount of water to make the total amount 100% by weight. Stir this mixture for 1 hour to spontaneously generate a thermodynamically stable microemulsion agent.

[0156] x) Microcapsule agent (CS) An oil phase comprising at least one compound of the present invention in an amount of 5 to 50% by weight, 0 to 40% by weight of a water-insoluble organic solvent (e.g., aromatic hydrocarbon), and 2 to 15% by weight of an acrylic monomer (e.g., methyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, di- or tri-acrylate) are dispersed in an aqueous solution of a protective colloid (e.g., polyvinyl alcohol). Radical polymerization initiated by a radical initiator forms poly(meth)acrylate microcapsules. Alternatively, an oil phase comprising at least one compound of the present invention in an amount of 5 to 50% by weight, 0 to 40% by weight of a water-insoluble organic solvent (e.g., aromatic hydrocarbon), and an isocyanate monomer (e.g., diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate) are dispersed in an aqueous solution of a protective colloid (e.g., polyvinyl alcohol). When a polyamine (e.g., hexamethylenediamine) is added, polyurea microcapsules are formed. This monomer reaches 1 to 10% by weight of the total CS composition.

[0157] xi) Dustable powders (DP, DS) At least one compound of the present invention in an amount of 1 to 10% by weight is finely pulverized and intimately mixed with such an amount of a solid carrier, e.g., finely divided kaolin, so that the total amount is 100% by weight.

[0158] xii) Granules (GR, FG) At least one compound of the present invention in an amount of 0.5 to 30% by weight is finely pulverized and combined with such an amount of a solid carrier (e.g., silicate) so that the total amount is 100% by weight. Granulation is achieved by extrusion, spray drying, or fluidized bed.

[0159] xiii) Ultra-low volume liquids (UL) At least one compound of the present invention in an amount of 1 to 50% by weight is dissolved in such an amount of an organic solvent, e.g., aromatic hydrocarbon, so that the total amount is 100% by weight.

[0160] The compositions of types i) to xiii) may optionally contain auxiliaries such as 0.1 to 1% by weight of a preservative, 0.1 to 1% by weight of an antifoaming agent, 0.1 to 1% by weight of a dye and / or a pigment, and 5 to 10% by weight of an antifreeze.

[0161] The present invention is illustrated by the following examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Examples

[0162] A-1. In vivo preventive test against Alternaria brassicae (leaf spot of radish or cabbage) Solvent: 5% by volume of dimethyl sulfoxide 10% by volume of acetone Emulsifier: 1 μl of Tween® 80 per 1 mg of active ingredient

[0163] The active ingredient was made soluble and homogenized in a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide / acetone / Tween® 80, and then diluted with water to the desired concentration.

[0164] Young radish or cabbage plants were treated by spraying with the active ingredient prepared as described above. Control plants were treated with only an aqueous solution of acetone / dimethyl sulfoxide / Tween® 80.

[0165] After 24 hours, the plants were contaminated by spraying an aqueous suspension of Alternaria brassicae spores onto the leaves. The contaminated radish or cabbage plants were incubated at 20°C and 100% relative humidity for 3 to 4 days.

[0166] The test was evaluated 3 to 4 days after inoculation. 0% means the effectiveness corresponding to that of the control plants, and 100% effectiveness means that no disease was observed.

[0167] In this test, compound (I) showed at least 70% efficacy at an active ingredient concentration of 500 ppm.

[0168] A-2. In vivo preventive test against Botrytis cinerea (gray mold) Solvent: 5% by volume of dimethyl sulfoxide 10% by volume of acetone Emulsifier: 1 μl of Tween® 80 per 1 mg of active ingredient

[0169] The active ingredient was solubilized and homogenized in a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide / acetone / Tween® 80, and then diluted with water to the desired concentration.

[0170] Young plants of cucumber or cabbage were treated by spraying with the active ingredient prepared as described above. Control plants were treated with only an aqueous solution of acetone / dimethyl sulfoxide / Tween® 80.

[0171] After 24 hours, the plants were contaminated by spraying an aqueous suspension of Botrytis cinerea spores onto the leaves. The contaminated cucumber plants were incubated at 17 °C and 90% relative humidity for 4 - 5 days. The contaminated cabbage plants were incubated at 20 °C and 100% relative humidity for 4 - 5 days.

[0172] The test was evaluated 4 - 5 days after inoculation. 0% means the efficacy corresponding to that of the control plants, and 100% efficacy means that no disease was observed.

[0173] In this test, compound (I) showed at least 70% efficacy at an active ingredient concentration of 500 ppm.

[0174] A-3. In vivo preventive test against Pyrenophora teres (net blotch of barley) Solvent: 5% by volume of dimethyl sulfoxide 10% by volume of acetone Emulsifier: 1 μl of Tween® 80 per 1 mg of active ingredient

[0175] The active ingredient was solubilized and homogenized in a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide / acetone / Tween® 80 and then diluted with water to the desired concentration.

[0176] Young barley plants were treated by spraying with the active ingredient prepared as described above. Control plants were treated with an aqueous solution of acetone / dimethyl sulfoxide / Tween® 80 only.

[0177] After 24 h, the plants were contaminated by spraying an aqueous suspension of Pyrenophora teres spores onto the leaves. The contaminated barley plants were incubated at 20 °C and 100% relative humidity for 48 h and then at 20 °C and 70 - 80% relative humidity for 8 days.

[0178] The test was evaluated 10 days after inoculation. 0% means an efficacy corresponding to that of the control plants, and 100% efficacy means that no disease was observed.

[0179] In this test, compound (I) showed at least 70% efficacy at an active ingredient concentration of 500 ppm.

[0180] A-4. In vivo prophylactic test against Septoria tritici (leaf blotch of wheat) Solvent: 5% by volume of dimethyl sulfoxide 10% by volume of acetone Emulsifier: 1 μl of Tween® 80 per 1 mg of active ingredient

[0181] The active ingredient was solubilized and homogenized in a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide / acetone / Tween® 80 and then diluted with water to the desired concentration.

[0182] Young wheat plants were treated by spraying with the active ingredient prepared as described above. Control plants were treated with an aqueous solution of acetone / dimethyl sulfoxide / Tween®80 only.

[0183] After 24 h, the plants were contaminated by spraying an aqueous suspension of Septoria tritici spores onto the leaves. The contaminated wheat plants were incubated at 17 °C and 100% relative humidity for 72 h and then at 20 °C and 90% relative humidity for 14 - 16 days.

[0184] The test was evaluated 17 - 19 days after inoculation. 0% means an efficacy corresponding to that of the control plants, and 100% efficacy means that no disease was observed.

[0185] In this test, compound (I) showed at least 70% efficacy at an active ingredient concentration of 500 ppm.

[0186] A - 5. In vivo prophylactic test against Sphaerotheca fuliginea (powdery mildew of cucurbitaceae) Solvent: 5% by volume of dimethyl sulfoxide 10% by volume of acetone Emulsifier: 1 μl of Tween®80 per mg of active ingredient

[0187] The active ingredient was solubilized and homogenized in a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide / acetone / Tween®80 and then diluted with water to the desired concentration.

[0188] Young cucumber plants were treated by spraying with the active ingredient prepared as described above. Control plants were treated with an aqueous solution of acetone / dimethyl sulfoxide / Tween®80 only.

[0189] After 24 hours, the plants were contaminated by spraying an aqueous suspension of Sphaerotheca fuliginea spores onto the leaves. The contaminated cucumber plants were incubated at 20 °C and a relative humidity of 70% - 80% for 8 days.

[0190] The test was evaluated 8 days after inoculation. 0% means an efficacy corresponding to the efficacy of the control plants, and 100% efficacy means that no disease was observed.

[0191] In this test, compound (I) showed at least 70% efficacy at an active ingredient concentration of 500 ppm.

[0192] A - 6. In vivo preventive test against Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (bean anthracnose) Solvent: 5% by volume of dimethyl sulfoxide 10% by volume of acetone Emulsifier: 1 μl of Tween® 80 per 1 mg of active ingredient

[0193] The active ingredient was made soluble and homogenized in a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide / acetone / Tween® 80 and then diluted with water to the desired concentration.

[0194] Young bean plants were treated by spraying with the active ingredient prepared as described above. Control plants were treated with only an aqueous solution of acetone / dimethyl sulfoxide / Tween® 80.

[0195] After 24 hours, the plants were contaminated by spraying an aqueous suspension of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum spores onto the leaves. The contaminated bean plants were incubated at 20 °C and 100% relative humidity for 24 hours, and then at 20 °C and 90% relative humidity for 6 days.

[0196] The test was evaluated 7 days after inoculation. 0% means the efficacy corresponding to that of the control plants, and 100% efficacy means that no disease was observed.

[0197] In this test, compound (I) showed at least 70% efficacy at an active ingredient concentration of 500 ppm.

[0198] A-7. Alternaria alternata in vitro cell test Solvent: DMSO Culture medium: 14.6 g of anhydrous D-glucose (VWR), 7.1 g of fungal peptone (Oxoid), 1.4 g of granular yeast extract (Merck), QSP 1 liter. Inoculation: Spore suspension

[0199] The fungicide was solubilized in DMSO, and the solution was used to prepare the required range of concentrations. The final concentration of DMSO used in the assay was ≤1%.

[0200] A spore suspension of A. alternata was prepared and diluted to the desired spore density.

[0201] The fungicide was evaluated for its ability to inhibit spore germination and mycelial growth in a liquid culture assay. The compound was added to the culture medium containing spores at the desired concentration. After 5 days of incubation, the fungicidal effect of the compound was determined by spectrophotometry of mycelial growth. The inhibition of fungal growth was determined by comparing the absorbance value of the well containing the fungicide with the absorbance of the control well without the fungicide.

[0202] In this test, compound (I) showed at least 70% efficacy at an active ingredient concentration of 20 ppm.

[0203] A-8. Fusarium culmorum in vitro cell test Solvent: DMSO Culture medium: 14.6 g of anhydrous D-glucose (VWR), 7.1 g of fungal peptone (Oxoid), 1.4 g of granular yeast extract (Merck), QSP 1 liter. Inoculation: Spore suspension

[0204] The fungicide was solubilized in DMSO, and the solution was used to prepare the required range of concentrations. The final concentration of DMSO used in the assay was ≤1%.

[0205] A spore suspension of F. culmorum was prepared and diluted to the desired spore density.

[0206] The fungicide was evaluated for its ability to inhibit spore germination and mycelial growth in a liquid culture assay. The compound was added to the culture medium containing spores at the desired concentration. After 4 days of incubation, the fungicidal effect of the compound was determined by spectrophotometry of mycelial growth. Inhibition of fungal growth was determined by comparing the absorbance values of the wells containing the fungicide with the absorbance of the control wells without the fungicide.

[0207] In this test, compound (I) showed at least 70% effectiveness at an active ingredient concentration of 20 ppm.

[0208] A-9. Pyricularia oryzae in vitro cell test Solvent: DMSO Culture medium: 14.6 g of anhydrous D-glucose (VWR), 7.1 g of fungal peptone (Oxoid), 1.4 g of granular yeast extract (Merck), QSP 1 liter. Inoculation: Spore suspension

[0209] The fungicide was solubilized in DMSO, and the solution was used to prepare the required range of concentrations. The final concentration of DMSO used in the assay was ≤1%.

[0210] A spore suspension of P. oryzae was prepared and diluted to the desired spore density.

[0211] The fungicide was evaluated for its ability to inhibit spore germination and mycelial growth in a liquid culture assay. The compound was added to a culture medium containing spores at the desired concentration. After 5 days of incubation, the fungicidal effect of the said compound was determined by spectrophotometry of mycelial growth. Inhibition of fungal growth was determined by comparing the absorbance value of the wells containing the fungicide with the absorbance of the control wells without the fungicide.

[0212] In this test, compound (I) showed at least 70% efficacy at an active ingredient concentration of 20 ppm.

[0213] A-10. Ustilago avenae in vitro cell test Solvent: DMSO Culture medium: 14.6 g of anhydrous D-glucose (VWR), 7.1 g of fungal peptone (Oxoid), 1.4 g of granular yeast extract (Merck), QSP 1 liter. Inoculation: Spore suspension

[0214] The fungicide was solubilized in DMSO and solutions were used to prepare the required range of concentrations. The final concentration of DMSO used in the assay was ≤1%.

[0215] Inoculum was prepared from a preculture of U. avenae grown in liquid medium.

[0216] The fungicide was evaluated for its ability to inhibit mycelial growth in a liquid culture assay. The compound was added at the desired concentration to a culture medium containing a spore suspension. After 4 days of incubation, the fungicidal effect of the compound was determined by spectrophotometry of mycelial growth. Inhibition of fungal growth was determined by comparing the absorbance value of the wells containing the fungicide with the absorbance of the control wells without the fungicide.

[0217] In this test, compound (I) showed at least 70% efficacy at an active ingredient concentration of 20 ppm.

[0218] A-11. In vitro cell test of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum Solvent: DMSO Culture medium: 14.6 g of anhydrous D-glucose (VWR), 7.1 g of fungal peptone (Oxoid), 1.4 g of granular yeast extract (Merck), QSP 1 liter. Inoculation: Spore suspension

[0219] The fungicide was solubilized in DMSO, and the solution was used to prepare the required concentration range. The final concentration of DMSO used in the assay was ≤1%.

[0220] A spore suspension of C. lindemuthianum was prepared and diluted to the desired spore density.

[0221] The fungicide was evaluated for its ability to inhibit spore germination and mycelial growth in a liquid culture assay. The compound was added to the medium containing spores at the desired concentration. After 6 days of incubation, the fungitoxicity of the compound was determined by spectrophotometry of mycelial growth. Inhibition of fungal growth was determined by comparing the absorbance of the wells containing the fungicide with the absorbance of the control wells without the antifungal agent.

[0222] In this test, compound (I) showed at least 70% efficacy at an active ingredient concentration of 20 ppm.

[0223] A-12. In vitro cell test of Pyrenophora teres Solvent: DMSO Culture medium: 14.6 g of anhydrous D-glucose (VWR), 7.1 g of fungal peptone (Oxoid), 1.4 g of granular yeast extract (Merck), QSP 1 liter. Inoculation: Spore suspension

[0224] The fungicide was solubilized in DMSO, and the solution was used to prepare the required range of concentrations. The final concentration of DMSO used in the assay was ≤1%.

[0225] A spore suspension of P. teres was prepared and diluted to the desired spore density.

[0226] The fungicide was evaluated for its ability to inhibit spore germination and mycelial growth in a liquid culture assay. The compound was added to the culture medium containing spores at the desired concentration. After 6 days of incubation, the fungicidal effect of the compound was determined by spectrophotometry of mycelial growth. Inhibition of fungal growth was determined by comparing the absorbance of the wells containing the fungicide with the absorbance of the control wells without the antifungal agent.

[0227] In this test, compound (I) showed at least 70% effectiveness at an active ingredient concentration of 20 ppm.

[0228] A-13. Fusarium virguliforme in vitro cell test Solvent: DMSO Culture medium: 14.6 g of anhydrous D-glucose (VWR), 7.1 g of fungal peptone (Oxoid), 1.4 g of granular yeast extract (Merck), QSP 1 liter. Inoculation: Spore suspension

[0229] The fungicide was solubilized in DMSO, and the solution was used to prepare the required range of concentrations. The final concentration of DMSO used in the assay was ≤1%.

[0230] A spore suspension of F. virguliforme was prepared and diluted to the desired spore density.

[0231] The fungicide was evaluated for its ability to inhibit spore germination and mycelial growth in a liquid culture assay. The compound was added to a culture medium containing spores at the desired concentration. After 6 days of incubation, the fungicidal effect of the said compound was determined by spectrophotometric measurement of mycelial growth. Inhibition of fungal growth was determined by comparing the absorbance of the wells containing the fungicide with the absorbance of the control wells without the antifungal agent.

[0232] In this test, compound (I) showed at least 70% efficacy at an active ingredient concentration of 20 ppm.

[0233] A-14. In vitro cell test of Botrytis cinerea Solvent: DMSO Culture medium: 1 g KH 2 PO 4 (VWR), 1 g K 2 HPO 4 (VWR), 0.5 g urea (VWR), 3 g KNO 3 (Prolabo), 10 g sucrose (VWR), 0.5 g MgSO 4 , 7H 2 O (Sigma), 0.07 g CaCl 2 , 2H 2 O (Prolabo), 0.2 mg MnSO 4 , H 2 O (Sigma), 0.6 mg CuSO 4 , 5H 2 O (Sigma), 7.9 mg ZnSO 4 , 7H 2 O (Sigma), 0.1 mg H 3 BO 3 (Merck), 0.14 mg NaMoO 4 , 2H 2 O (Sigma), 2 mg thiamine (Sigma), 0.1 mg biotin (VWR), 4 mg FeSO 4 , 7H 2 O (Sigma), QSP 1 liter. Inoculation: Spore suspension

[0234] The fungicide was solubilized in DMSO, and its solution was used to prepare the required range of concentrations. The final concentration of DMSO used in the assay was ≤1%.

[0235] A spore suspension of B. cinerea was prepared and diluted to the desired spore density.

[0236] The fungicide was evaluated for its ability to inhibit spore germination and mycelial growth in a liquid culture assay. The compound was added to the culture medium containing spores at the desired concentration. After 6 days of incubation, the fungicidal effect of the compound was determined by spectrophotometry of mycelial growth. Inhibition of fungal growth was determined by comparing the absorbance of the wells containing the fungicide with the absorbance of the control wells without the antifungal agent.

[0237] In this test, compound (I) showed at least 70% effectiveness at an active ingredient concentration of 20 ppm.

[0238] A-15. Septoria tritici in vitro cell test Solvent: DMSO Culture medium: 1 g KH 2 PO 4 (VWR), 1 g K 2 HPO 4 (VWR), 0.5 g urea (VWR), 3 g KNO 3 (Prolabo), 10 g sucrose (VWR), 0.5 g MgSO 4 , 7H 2 O (Sigma), 0.07 g CaCl 2 , 2H 2 O (Prolabo), 0.2 mg MnSO 4 , H 2 O (Sigma), 0.6 mg CuSO 4 , 5H 2 O (Sigma), 7.9 mg ZnSO 4 , 7H 2 , 0.1 mg H 3 BO 3(Merck), 0.14 mg NaMoO 4 、2H 2 O (Sigma), 2 mg thiamine (Sigma), 0.1 mg biotin (VWR), 4 mg FeSO 4 、7H 2 O (Sigma), QSP 1 liter. Inoculation: Spore suspension

[0239] The fungicide was solubilized in DMSO and the solution was used to prepare the required range of concentrations. The final concentration of DMSO used in the assay was ≤1%.

[0240] A spore suspension of S. tritici was prepared and diluted to the desired spore density.

[0241] The fungicide was evaluated for its ability to inhibit spore germination and mycelial growth in a liquid culture assay. The compound was added to the culture medium containing spores at the desired concentration. After 7 days of incubation, the fungicidal effect of the compound was determined by spectrophotometry of mycelial growth. Inhibition of fungal growth was determined by comparing the absorbance value of the wells containing the fungicide with the absorbance of the control wells without the fungicide.

[0242] In this test, compound (I) showed at least 70% efficacy at an active ingredient concentration of 20 ppm.

[0243] A - 16. In vivo prophylactic Fusarium graminearum test (wheat) Solvent: 24.5 parts by weight of acetone 24.5 parts by weight of dimethyl sulfoxide Emulsifier: 1 part by weight of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate

[0244] To produce a suitable formulation of the active compound, 1 part by weight of the active compound or active compound combination was mixed with a predetermined amount of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate was diluted with water to the desired concentration.

[0245] To test the preventive activity, young plants were sprayed with a formulation of the active compound or combination of active compounds at a predetermined application rate.

[0246] The next day, the plants were slightly damaged by using sandblasting and then sprayed with a conidial suspension of Fusarium graminearum.

[0247] The plants were placed in a greenhouse under a translucent incubation cabinet at a temperature of about 25 °C and a relative atmospheric humidity of about 100%.

[0248] The test was evaluated 5 days after inoculation. 0% means an efficacy corresponding to the untreated control, while 100% efficacy means that no disease was observed.

[0249] In this test, compound (I) showed at least 70% efficacy at an active ingredient concentration of 500 ppm.

Claims

1. A composition for controlling undesirable microorganisms that cause disease in plants, comprising formula (I): 【Chemistry 1】 A composition comprising (5S)-3-[3-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy)-6-methylpyridazin-4-yl]-5-(2-chloro-4-methylbenzyl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-oxadiazine as described above.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the undesirable microorganism is selected from the group consisting of plant pathogenic fungi and plant pathogenic viruses.

3. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the disease is selected from the group consisting of diseases caused by powdery mildew pathogens, diseases caused by rust pathogens, leaf blight and leaf wilt, diseases of roots and stems, diseases of spikes and conical inflorescences (including the cob of corn), diseases caused by smut fungi, fruit rot, seed and soil-borne rot and wilt, cancer, gall and witches' broom disease, wilt, deformation of leaves, flowers and fruits, degenerative diseases in woody plants, diseases of soybeans, for example, fungal diseases of leaves, stems, pods and seeds, and fungal diseases of roots and stem bases.

4. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the disease is selected from the group consisting of diseases caused by powdery mildew pathogens, leaf blight and leaf wilt, diseases of roots and stems, diseases of ears and conical inflorescences (including the cob of corn), fruit rot, seed and soil-borne rot, and wilt, cancer, gall, witches' broom and wilt.

5. The aforementioned plants include cotton, flax, grapes, Rosaceae sp. (e.g., pears such as apples and pears, as well as drupes such as apricots, cherries, almonds and peaches, and soft fruits such as strawberries), Ribesioidae sp., Juglandaceae sp., Betulaceae sp., Anacardiaceae sp., Fagaceae sp., Moraceae sp., Oleaceae sp., Actinidaceae sp., Lauraceae sp., Musaceae sp. (e.g., banana trees and plantations), and Rubiaceae sp. sp.) (e.g., coffee), Theaceae sp., Sterculiceae sp., Rutaceae sp. (e.g., lemon, orange, and grapefruit); Solanaceae sp. (e.g., potato and tomato), Liliaceae sp., Asteraceae sp. (e.g., lettuce), Umbelliferae sp., Cruciferae sp., Chenopodiaceae sp., Cucurbitaceae sp. (e.g., cucumber), Alliaceae sp. (e.g., chives, onions), Papilionaceae sp.) (e.g., peas); Gramineae sp. (e.g., cereals such as maize, grass, wheat, rye, rice, barley, oats, millet and rye), and other major crops; Asteraceae sp. (e.g., sunflowers); Brassicaceae sp.The composition according to claim 1 or 2, selected from the group consisting of fruits and vegetables such as (e.g., white cabbage, red cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, bok choy, turnip cabbage, radish, and rapeseed, mustard greens, horseradish, and watercress), Fabacae sp. (e.g., kidney beans, peanuts), Papilionaceae sp. (e.g., soybeans), and Chenopodiaceae sp. (e.g., sugar beets, fodder beets, Swiss chard, beetroot); plants useful for gardens and woodlands and ornamental plants; and genetically modified varieties of each of these plants.

6. The aforementioned undesirable microorganisms include: Blumeria species, e.g., Blumeria graminis; Leveillula species, e.g., Leveillula Taurica; Podosphaera species, e.g., Podosphaera leucotricha or Podosphaera xanthii; Sphaerotheca species, e.g., Sphaerotheca fuliginea; Erysiphe species, e.g., Erysiphe necator, Erysiphe betae; Gymnosporangium species, e.g., Gymnosporangium sabinae sabinae); Hemileia species, e.g., Hemileia vastatrix; Phakopsora species, e.g., Phakopsora pachyrhizi or Phakopsora meibomiae; Puccinia species, e.g., Puccinia recondita, Puccinia graminis, or Puccinia striiformis; Uromyces species, e.g., Uromyces appendiculatus; Alternaria species, e.g., Alternaria solani or Alternaria mari *Alternaria mali* or *Alternaria alternata*; *Cercospora* species, e.g., *Cercospora beticola*; *Cladiosporium* species, e.g., *Cladiosporium cucumerinum*;Cochliobolus species, e.g., Cochliobolus sativus (conidial form: Drechslera, Syn: Helminthosporium) or Cochliobolus miyabeanus; Colletotrichum species, e.g., Colletotrichum lindemuthanium or Colletotrichum capsica or Colletotrichum acutatum; Corynespora species, e.g., Corynespora cassicola cassiicola); Cycloconium species, e.g., Cycloconium oleaginum; Diaporthe species, e.g., Diaporthe citri; Elsinoe species, e.g., Elsinoe fawcettii; Gloeosporium species, e.g., Gloeosporium laeticolor; Glomerella species, e.g., Glomerella cingulata; Guignardia species, e.g., Guignardia bidwelli (bidwelli); Leptosphaeria species, e.g., Leptosphaeria maculans; Magnaporthe species, e.g., Magnaporthe grisea; Marsonina species, e.g., Marsonina mali; Microdochium species, e.g., Microdochium nivale;Monilinia species, e.g., Monilinia laxa; Mycosphaerella species, e.g., Mycosphaerella graminicola, Mycosphaerella arachidicola, or Mycosphaerella fijiensis; Phaeosphaeria species, e.g., Phaeosphaeria nodorum; Phyllachora species, e.g., Phyllachora maydis; Pyrenophora species, e.g., Pyrenophora teres or Pyrenophora tritici repentis); Ramularia species, e.g., Ramularia collo-cygni or Ramularia areola; Rhynchosporium species, e.g., Rhynchosporium secalis; Septoria species, e.g., Septoria apii or Septoria lycopersici; Setosphaeria species, e.g., Setosphaeria turcica; Sclerotinia species, e.g., Sclerotinia sclerotiolum sclerotiorum); Stagonospora species, e.g., Stagonospora nodorum; Stemphylium species, e.g., Stemphylium vesicarium; Typhula species, e.g., Typhula incarnata;Venturia species, e.g., Venturia inaequalis; Corticium species, e.g., Corticium graminearum; Fusarium species, e.g., Fusarium oxysporum; Gaeumannomyces species, e.g., Gaeumannomyces graminis; Marsonina species, e.g., Marsonina mali; Rhizoctonia species, e.g., Rhizoctonia solani; Sarocladium species, e.g., Sarocladium oryzae oryzae); Sclerotium species, e.g., Sclerotium oryzae; Tapesia species, e.g., Tapesia acuformis; Thielaviopsis species, e.g., Thielaviopsis basicola; Alternaria species, e.g., Alternaria spp.; Aspergillus species, e.g., Aspergillus flavus; Cladosporium species, e.g., Cladosporium cladosporioides; Claviceps species, e.g., Claviceps purpurea purpurea); Fusarium species, e.g., Fusarium culmorum; Gibberella species, e.g., Gibberella zeae; Monographella species, e.g., Monographella nivalis;Species of Stagnospora, e.g., Stagnospora nodorum; species of Sphacelotheca, e.g., Sphacelotheca reiliana; species of Tilletia, e.g., Tilletia caries or Tilletia controversa; species of Urocystis, e.g., Urocystis occulta; species of Ustilago, e.g., Ustilago nuda; species of Aspergillus, e.g., Aspergillus flavus flavus); Botrytis species, e.g., Botrytis cinerea; Monilinia species, e.g., Monilinia laxa; Penicillium species, e.g., Penicillium expansum or Penicillium purpurogenum; Phomopsis species, e.g., Phomopsis viticola; Rhizopus species, e.g., Rhizopus stolonifer; Sclerotinia species, e.g., Sclerotinia sclerotiolum sclerotiorum); Verticilium species, e.g., Verticilium alboatrum; Alternaria species, e.g., Alternaria brassicola; Aphanomyces species, e.g., Aphanomyces euteiches; Ascochyta species, e.g., Ascochyta lentis;Species of Aspergillus, e.g., Aspergillus flavus; Species of Cladosporium, e.g., Cladosporium herbarum; Species of Cochliobolus, e.g., Cochliobolus sativus (conidial form: Drechslera, vipolaris Syn: Helminthosporium); Species of Colletotrichum, e.g., Colletotrichum coccodes; Species of Fusarium, e.g., Fusarium culmorum; Species of Gibberella, e.g., Gibberella zeae zeae); Macrophomina species, e.g., Macrophomina phaseolina; Microdochium species, e.g., Microdochium nivale; Monographella species, e.g., Monographella nivalis; Penicillium species, e.g., Penicillium expansum; Phoma species, e.g., Phoma lingam; Phomopsis species, e.g., Phomopsis sojae; Pyrenophora species, e.g., Pyrenophora graminea graminea); Pyricularia species, e.g., Pyricularia oryzae; Rhizoctonia species, e.g., Rhizoctonia solani; Rhizopus species, e.g., Rhizopus oryzae;Sclerotium species, e.g., Sclerotium rolfsii; Septoria species, e.g., Septoria nodorum; Typhula species, e.g., Typhula incarnata; Verticillium species, e.g., Verticillium dahliae; Nectria species, e.g., Nectria galligena; Verticillium species, e.g., Verticillium longisporum; Fusarium species, e.g., Fusarium oxysporum oxysporum); Exobasidium species, e.g., Exobasidium vexans; Taphrina species, e.g., Taphrina deformans; Esca species, e.g., Phaeomoniella chlamydospora; Phaeoacremonium aleophilum or Fomitiporia mediterranea; Ganoderma species, e.g., Ganoderma boninense; Rhizoctonia species, e.g., Rhizoctonia solani; Helminthosporium species, e.g., Helminthosporium solani; Alternaria species atrans tenuissima, Colletotrichum gloeosporoides dematium var. truncatum, Septoria glycineus Cercospora kikuchii, Choanephora infundibulifera trispora (Syn.), cordana musae, Dactuliophora glycines, Peronospora manshurica, Drecslera glycini, Cercospora sojina, Leptosphaerulina trifolii, Leveillula Taurica, Phyllosticta sojaecola, Phomopsis sojae sojae, Microsphaera diffusa, Pyrenochaeta glycines, Rhizoctonia solani, Phakopsora pachiraijiFusarium pachyrhizi, Phakopsora meibomiae, Sphaceloma glycines, Stemphylium botryosum, Fusarium virguliforme, Corynespora cassiicola; Calonectria crotalariae, Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium orthoceras, Fusarium semitectum, Fusarium equiseti, Mycoleptodiscus terrestris terrestris), Neocosmospora vasinfecta, Diaporthe phaseolorum, Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora, Phialophora gregata, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotinia rolfsii, Thielaviopsis basicolaBasicola), Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV), Tobacco Rattling Virus, Tobacco Dwarf Virus (TStuV), Tobacco Leaf Curl Virus (VLCV), Tobacco Nervilia Mosaic Virus (TVBMV), Tobacco Necrotic Dwarf Virus (TNDV), Tobacco Stripe Virus (TSV), Potato Virus X (PVX), Potato Virus Y, S, M, and A, Potato Acuba Mosaic Virus (PAMV), Potato Moptop Virus (PMTV), Potato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV), Alfalfa Mosaic Virus (AMV), Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV), Ki The composition according to claim 1 or 2, selected from the group consisting of cucumber green spotted mosaic virus (CGMMV), cucumber yellowing virus (CuYV), watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), tomato yellow necrosis virus (TSWV), tomato ring spot virus (TomRSV), sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), rice dwarf virus, rice stripe leaf blight virus, rice black stripe dwarf virus, strawberry spotted virus (SMOV), strawberry vein banding virus (SVBV), strawberry mild yellow edge virus (SMYEV), strawberry crinkle virus (SCrV), broad bean wilt virus (BBWV), and melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV).

7. The aforementioned undesirable microorganisms include Sphaerotheca species, e.g., Sphaerotheca fuliginea; Alternaria species, e.g., Alternaria solani, or Alternaria mali, or Alternaria alternata; Cercospora species, e.g., Cercospora beticola; Colletotrichum species, e.g., Colletotrichum lindemuthanium, or Colletotrichum capsica, or Colletotrichum acutatum; and Diaporthe species, e.g., Diaporthe citri citri); Phaeosphaeria species, e.g., Phaeosphaeria nodorum; Pyrenophora species, e.g., Pyrenophora teres or Pyrenophora tritici repentis; Septoria species, e.g., Septoria apii or Septoria lycopersici; Fusarium species, e.g., Fusarium oxysporum; Alternaria species, e.g., Alternaria spp.) Genus; Fusarium species, e.g., Fusarium culmorum; Botrytis species, e.g., Botrytis cinerea; Alternaria species, e.g., Alternaria brassicola; Colletotrichum species, e.g., Colletotrichum coccodes; Fusarium species, e.g., Fusarium culmorum; Pyrenophora species, e.g., Pyrenophora graminea; Pyricularia species, e.g., Pyricularia oryzae The composition according to claim 1 or 2, selected from the group consisting of Fusarium species, such as Fusarium oxysporum.

8. A composition for controlling plant pathogenic fungi and / or plant pathogenic viruses, wherein the composition comprises a compound of formula (I) and at least one carrier and / or surfactant.

9. The composition according to claim 8, further comprising one or more additional active substances selected from the group consisting of herbicides, insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, phytotoxicity reducers (safeners), and / or plant growth regulators.

10. A method for controlling undesirable microorganisms and fungi, the method comprising spraying a compound of formula (I) and / or a composition according to claim 8 or 9 onto the plant and / or a part thereof.

11. The aforementioned plants and / or parts include cotton, flax, grapes, Rosaceae sp. (e.g., pears such as apples and pears, as well as drupes such as apricots, cherries, almonds and peaches, and soft fruits such as strawberries), Ribesioidae sp., Juglandaceae sp., Betulaceae sp., Anacardiaceae sp., Fagaceae sp., Moraceae sp., Oleaceae sp., Actinidaceae sp., Lauraceae sp., Musaceae sp. (e.g., banana trees and plantations), and Rubiaceae sp. sp.) (e.g., coffee), Theaceae sp., Sterculiceae sp., Rutaceae sp. (e.g., lemon, orange, and grapefruit); Solanaceae sp. (e.g., potato and tomato), Liliaceae sp., Asteraceae sp. (e.g., lettuce), Umbelliferae sp., Cruciferae sp., Chenopodiaceae sp., Cucurbitaceae sp. (e.g., cucumber), Alliaceae sp. (e.g., chives, onions), Papilionaceae sp.) (e.g., peas); major crops, e.g., Gramineae sp. (e.g., maize, grass, cereals, e.g., wheat, rye, rice, barley, oats, foxtail millet and rye wheat, etc.), Asteraceae sp. (e.g., sunflowers), Brassicaceae sp.The method according to claim 6, selected from the group consisting of: (e.g., white cabbage, red cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, bok choy, turnip cabbage, radish, and rapeseed, mustard greens, horseradish, and watercress), fruits and vegetables such as those of the genera Fabacae (e.g., kidney beans, peanuts), Papilionaceae (e.g., soybeans), and Chenopodiaceae (e.g., sugar beets, fodder beets, Swiss chard, beetroot); plants useful for gardens and woodlands and ornamental plants; and genetically modified varieties of each of these plants.

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