Composition and its use

Abstract

A composition for preventing or treating insomnia, improving the quality of sleep, improving skin appearance, reducing bad breath, increasing relaxation towards sleep, and improving the quality of sleep. In particular, the composition comprises probiotic bacteria selected from the group consisting of species of the genus Lacticaseibacillus, species of the genus Bifidobacterium, or combinations thereof; and optionally a prebiotic fiber.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a composition for preventing or treating insomnia, improving skin appearance, reducing bad breath, increasing relaxation towards sleep, and improving the quality of sleep.

Background Art

[0002] The amount of sleep time varies from person to person. For most adults, it is considered that 7 to 8 hours per night is required. As aging occurs, the body's internal clock begins to lose consistency. Thus, the elderly tend to get tired earlier in the evening and wake up earlier in the morning, resulting in overall less sleep and an increased risk of cognitive decline. Older people experiencing Alzheimer's disease, dementia, or other neurodegenerative diseases experience even more severe changes in sleep desire.

[0003] An increasing portion of the adult population experiences short-term acute insomnia at some point in their lives, which lasts for several days or weeks. This is usually the result of a stressful event or a traumatic event. However, some people suffer from long-term chronic insomnia, where insomnia itself can be the main problem or it can be related to other medical conditions or drug applications.

[0004] Data shows that over 300 million Chinese people experience poor sleep quality, sleep disorders, or insomnia. Individuals suffering from poor sleep quality or insomnia often feel still tired after waking up and experience negative effects on energy levels, mood, and overall health, job performance ability, and quality of life.

[0005] A large group of individuals suffering from poor sleep quality and / or insomnia has driven the consumption of sleep aids. In recent years, various types of sleep monitoring and support software have been launched in major APP stores. Furthermore, latex pillows, sleep aids, aromatherapy lamps, melatonin, sleep gummies, and other products are generally sought after to help with sleep.

[0006] Chinese Patent No. 104187613 discloses a nutritional recipe for insomnia, including traditional Chinese medicine, probiotics, water-soluble prebiotic fibers, etc.

[0007] Chinese Patent No. 107496850 discloses a preparation for regulating intestinal microecology with carrots to calm the nerves and then help promote sleep.

[0008] Chinese Patent No. 107874251 discloses a Bazhen probiotic composition containing 1-9 parts of traditional Chinese medicine extract, 0.01-2 parts of food probiotics, and 0.1-5 parts of prebiotics.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0009] Adults, especially the elderly, suffer from poorer sleep due to various reasons, such as work pressure, depression from lockdown, interpersonal disputes, etc. However, they are not willing to seek pharmacological treatment. Therefore, there is still a need for improved nutritional interventions that induce relaxation and treat insomnia in an easy and convenient way.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0010] In a study of over 200 human adults, the inventors have observed that when the subjects were administered a composition containing a combination of prebiotic soluble fibers and probiotic bacterial strains, there were substantial improvements in sleep induction and quality, mood, and a reduction in mental stress. Unexpectedly, this improvement was observed within 7 days from the start of consumption of the composition according to the present invention.

[0011] Thus, in one aspect, the present invention relates to a composition for use in the prevention and / or treatment of insomnia in a human subject, the composition comprising a. For each composition of at least one probiotic bacterium selected from the group consisting of 1 gram of Lacticaseibacillus ssp., Bifidobacterium ssp., or a combination thereof, 10 3 ~10 12 colony forming units; and optionally b. Prebiotic fibers of ≧11% by weight based on the total weight of the composition are included.

[0012] In a second aspect, the present invention relates to a non-therapeutic method of improving the quality of sleep and / or inducing and / or enhancing pre-sleep relaxation, the method comprising administering a composition to a human subject in need thereof, wherein the composition a. For each composition of at least one probiotic bacterium selected from the group consisting of 1 gram of Lacticaseibacillus ssp., Bifidobacterium ssp., or a combination thereof, 10 3 ~10 12 colony forming units; and optionally b. Prebiotic fibers of ≧11% by weight based on the total weight of the composition are included.

[0013] As used herein, the induction and / or enhancement of pre-sleep relaxation is compared to a human subject not administered the composition according to the invention. This can be determined by personal perception, as evaluated by a specialized questionnaire (including digital) or by a specialist in psychology and mental care.

[0014] Furthermore, the inventors surprisingly observed a significant improvement in skin appearance and condition and a reduction in malodorous breath.

[0015] In a third aspect, the present invention relates to a non-therapeutic method for reducing malodorous breath, the method comprising administering a composition to a human subject in need thereof, wherein the composition comprises a. at least 10 3 - 10 12 colony forming units per composition of at least 1 probiotic bacterium selected from the group comprising a species of Lacticaseibacillus, a species of Bifidobacterium, or a combination thereof; and optionally b. a prebiotic fiber in an amount of ≧ 11% by weight based on the total weight of the composition and comprises.

[0016] Reduction of malodorous breath is defined herein as compared to a subject not administered the composition according to the invention. As evaluated by a specialized questionnaire or a dental care professional, this can be determined by personal perception.

[0017] In a fourth aspect, the present invention relates to a non-therapeutic method for improving skin appearance and feel, the method comprising administering a composition to a human subject in need thereof, wherein the composition comprises a. at least 10 3 - 10 12 colony forming units per composition of at least 1 probiotic bacterium selected from the group comprising a species of Lacticaseibacillus, a species of Bifidobacterium, or a combination thereof; and optionally b. a prebiotic fiber in an amount of ≧ 11% by weight based on the total weight of the composition and comprises.

[0018] Improvement in skin appearance and feel is defined herein as compared to a subject not administered the composition according to the invention. As evaluated by a specialized questionnaire or a skin care professional, e.g., an esthetician, this can be determined by personal perception.

[0019] In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides i. at least 40% by weight of carbohydrates, based on the total weight of the composition, ii. ≧85% by weight of prebiotic soluble fiber, based on the total weight of the carbohydrates, iii. at least 10 3 ~10 12 colony forming units of at least one probiotic bacterium selected from the group consisting of Lacticaseibacillus ssp., Bifidobacterium ssp., or combinations thereof, per gram of the composition, wherein the composition is lactose-free.

[0020] In all aspects of the present invention, the composition is preferably a synbiotic composition.

[0021] As defined herein, the composition is an enteral composition, preferably an oral composition.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0022] "Probiotics" means a microbial cell preparation or a component of microbial cells that has a beneficial effect on the health or well-being of the host. (Salminen S, Ouwehand A. Benno Y. et al “Probiotics: how should they be defined” Trends Food ScL Technol. 1999: 10 107-10).

[0023] "Synbiotics", as used herein, refers to a composition comprising a combination of probiotic microorganisms and prebiotic components.

[0024] "Prevention", as used herein, refers to the reduction in the likelihood of the occurrence of a particular condition or symptom associated with a condition in a subject in need thereof or particularly at risk of developing said symptoms and conditions. "Treatment", as used herein, refers to the reduction, alleviation or complete elimination of symptoms associated with a particular condition that causes pain or discomfort in a human.

[0025] "Insomnia" is a common sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or causing the affected subject to wake up too early and be unable to fall back asleep, and by an unsatisfactory proportion of deep or restorative sleep. Inducing pre-sleep relaxation increases the quality and duration of sleep and helps to increase the overall feeling of physical restfulness after sleep. This can be diagnosed and evaluated by a general practitioner or a specialist in sleep and related conditions.

[0026] As used herein, "sleep quality" refers to the quantitative aspects of sleep, such as sleep duration, sleep latency, or number of awakenings, and the subjective aspects, such as depth or tranquility of sleep. Sleep quality can be determined by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (Buysee et al. "The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research". Psych Res, 28, 193-213. 1989).

[0027] In this specification, improving the quality of sleep and / or inducing and / or enhancing pre-sleep relaxation is compared with humans who have not ingested a nutritional composition containing a and b (i.e., who have not ingested the composition or have ingested another composition not containing a and b). Therefore, compared with humans who have not ingested a nutritional composition containing a and b (i.e., who have not ingested the composition or have ingested another composition not containing a and b), the improvement in humans who have ingested a nutritional composition containing a and b increases by ≧2%, preferably ≧5%, more preferably ≧50%, and even more preferably ≧65%. Specifically, if the improvement in humans who have not ingested a nutritional composition containing a and b (or have ingested another composition not containing a and b) is M, and the improvement compared to humans who have ingested a nutritional composition containing a and b is N, then (N - M) / N * 100% is the percentage by which it increases.

[0028] "Malodorous breath" (halitosis or bad breath) is a condition characterized by oral malodor and is not necessarily associated with oral and dental diseases. Malodorous breath can be of oral or extra-oral origin. Extra-oral (non-oral) malodorous breath can be of gastrointestinal origin. Surprisingly, the inventors have observed a reduction in malodorous breath in subjects administered the composition according to the invention. Without being bound by theory, it is hypothesized that the composition according to the invention prevents endotoxemia in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby eliminates the extra-oral cause of malodorous breath.

[0029] "Skin appearance and feel" refers to the improvement in the sensation of the skin due to the consumption of the composition according to the invention. In particular, the inventors have surprisingly observed that adults who have consumed the composition of the invention have claimed a significant improvement in skin appearance and a reduction in large pores of the skin.

[0030] In some jurisdictions, the present invention is defined as a method for preventing and / or treating insomnia in a human subject, the method comprising administering a composition to the human subject, the composition comprising a. For each composition of at least one probiotic bacterium selected from the group consisting of 1 gram of a species of the genus Lacticaseibacillus, a species of the genus Bifidobacterium, or a combination thereof, 10 3 ~10 12 colony forming units; and optionally b. Prebiotic fibers of ≧11% by weight based on the total weight of the composition are included.

[0031] In other jurisdictions, the present invention is defined as the use of a composition in the manufacture of a composition for preventing and / or treating insomnia in a human subject, the composition comprising a. For each composition of at least one probiotic bacterium selected from the group consisting of 1 gram of a species of the genus Lacticaseibacillus, a species of the genus Bifidobacterium, or a combination thereof, 10 3 ~10 12 colony forming units; and optionally b. Prebiotic fibers of ≧11% by weight based on the total weight of the composition are included.

[0032] In a further jurisdiction, the present invention is defined as a non-therapeutic method for preventing and / or treating insomnia in a human subject, the composition comprising a. For each composition of at least one probiotic bacterium selected from the group consisting of 1 gram of a species of the genus Lacticaseibacillus, a species of the genus Bifidobacterium, or a combination thereof, 10 3 ~10 12 colony forming units; and optionally b. Prebiotic fibers of ≧11% by weight based on the total weight of the composition are included.

[0033] Preferably, the prevention and / or treatment is compared to a human who is not consuming a nutritional composition comprising a and b (i.e., not consuming the composition or consuming another composition that does not contain a and b). Thus, compared to a human who is not consuming a nutritional composition comprising a and b (i.e., not consuming the composition or consuming another composition that does not contain a and b), the improvement in preventing and / or treating insomnia (including poor sleep) in a human consuming a nutritional composition comprising a and b is increased by ≧2%, preferably ≧5%, more preferably ≧50%, even more preferably ≧65%. Specifically, if the improvement in a human who is not consuming a nutritional composition comprising a and b (or consuming another composition that does not contain a and b) is M, and the improvement compared to a human consuming a nutritional composition comprising a and b is N, then (N - M) / N * 100% is the percentage by which it is increased.

[0034] Probiotics Preferably, the composition comprises at least 10 3 ~10 12 colony forming units per gram of at least one probiotic bacterium composition, more preferably at least 10 4 ~10 10 colony forming units per gram of at least one probiotic bacterium composition selected from the group consisting of species of the genus Lacticaseibacillus, species of the genus Bifidobacterium, or combinations thereof.

[0035] In one embodiment, the composition comprises from 1 to 20% by weight of at least one probiotic bacterium, more preferably from 3 to 15% by weight of at least one probiotic bacterium, based on the dry weight of the composition.

[0036] In another embodiment, the composition comprises at least one probiotic bacterium in an amount of 25 to 250 mg per gram of the composition, more preferably at least one probiotic bacterium in an amount of 50 to 150 mg per gram of the composition.

[0037] The daily dose of at least one probiotic bacterium in the composition according to the present invention is 10 3 ~10 12 colony forming units, preferably in an amount of 10 8 ~10 11 colony forming units.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the composition comprises at least one species of the genus Lacticaseibacillus. Preferably, the species of the genus Lacticaseibacillus present in the composition is selected from the group comprising Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, Lacticaseibacillus acidophillus, Lacticaseibacillus murinus, Lacticaseibacillus reuteri, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, or a mixture thereof. Preferably, the probiotic bacterium is Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei, more preferably Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei CRL431.

[0039] The composition may include at least one species of the genus Bifidobacterium. Preferred species of the genus Bifidobacterium include Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum, Bifidobacterium spp. subsp. infantis, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, Bifidobacterium breve, and mixtures thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the species of the genus Bifidobacterium is Bifidobacterium lactis BB12 (deposited with the Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH (DSMZ) under deposit number DSM15954), which is commercially available under the trademark Bb12 by Christian Hansen of Denmark.

[0040] In certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the composition comprises at least one species of the genus Lactobacillus and one species of the genus Bifidobacterium. More preferably, the composition comprises a mixture of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei CRL431 and Bifidobacterium lactis BB12.

[0041] Prebiotic fiber The composition comprises carbohydrates including prebiotic fiber.

[0042] Preferably, the composition comprises ≧11% by weight of prebiotic fiber, more preferably ≧30% by weight, even more preferably ≧40% by weight, particularly more preferably 60 - 90% by weight of prebiotic fiber, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0043] Preferably, the total carbohydrates are present in an amount in the range of 40 - 98% by weight, more preferably 50 - 95% by weight, based on the weight of the total composition.

[0044] The carbohydrates used herein include sugars and sugar derivatives, monosaccharides and complex carbohydrates, and sugar-rich components. Preferably, the composition comprises sugar-rich components such as honey powder, juice powder, etc. Preferably, the composition comprises 1 - 15% by weight, preferably 2 - 13% by weight of honey powder, based on the total weight of the composition. The composition may further comprise 1 - 10% by weight, more preferably 2 - 8% by weight of juice powder, based on the total weight. A preferred juice powder is acerola juice powder.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment, the composition does not contain lactose and milk-derived carbohydrates, and preferably, the composition does not contain lactose.

[0046] Preferred prebiotics are xylooligosaccharides (SOS), fructooligosaccharides (FOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS), isomaltooligosaccharides (IMO), xylooligosaccharides (XOS), arabinoxylooligosaccharides (AXOS), mannan oligosaccharides (MOS), soybean oligosaccharides, glycosyl sucrose (GS), lactosucrose (LS), sialyllactose (SL), fucosyllactose (FL), lacto-N-neotetraose (LNNT), lactulose (LA), palatinose oligosaccharides (PAO), malt oligosaccharides, gums and / or their hydrolysis products, pectin, starch, and / or their hydrolysis products.

[0047] The prebiotic fiber is preferably a soluble prebiotic fiber. The "soluble prebiotic fiber", also referred to herein as non-digestible fiber, selectively stimulates the growth and / or activity of one or a limited number of bacteria in the colon and thus favorably affects the host by improving the host's health. Such components are non-digestible in the sense that they are broken down and not absorbed in the stomach or small intestine and thus move unchanged to the colon where they are selectively fermented by beneficial bacteria.

[0048] Preferred soluble prebiotic fibers are selected from fructooligosaccharides, inulin, galactooligosaccharides, β-glucan (preferably yeast or oat β-glucan, more preferably oat β-glucan), or combinations thereof. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the composition comprises at least one of inulin, fructooligosaccharides, and oat β-glucan, and more preferably the composition comprises inulin, fructooligosaccharides, and oat β-glucan. Commercially available sources include short-chain fructooligosaccharides, such as products sold under the trademark Raftilose®, and inulin, such as products sold under the trademark Raftiline®.

[0049] In a further aspect, the present invention i. at least 40% by weight of carbohydrates based on the total composition, ii. At least 85% by weight of prebiotic soluble fiber based on the total weight of carbohydrates, iii. 10 for each composition of at least one probiotic bacterium selected from the group consisting of 1 gram of a species of the genus Lacticaseibacillus, a species of the genus Bifidobacterium, or a combination thereof 3 ~10 12 colony forming units in a composition, wherein the composition is lactose-free.

[0050] Preferably, the composition contains 45 to 95% by weight of carbohydrates, more preferably 50 to 80% by weight, even more preferably at least 70% by weight of carbohydrates based on the total composition.

[0051] Based on the total weight of carbohydrates, the composition preferably contains at least 90% by weight of prebiotic soluble fiber, more preferably at least 95% by weight of prebiotic soluble fiber, even more preferably at least 98% by weight of prebiotic soluble fiber.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment, the composition contains 0 to 15% by weight of lipids, preferably less than 10% by weight of lipids, more preferably less than 5% by weight of lipids based on the total composition. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the composition is substantially lipid-free, for example, no added lipids are present in the composition and only trace amounts present by other components can be detected.

[0053] According to a preferred embodiment, the composition contains 1 to 15% by weight of honey powder, preferably 2 to 13% by weight of honey powder based on the total weight of the composition.

[0054] The composition may further contain 1 to 10% by weight of juice powder, more preferably 2 to 8% by weight of juice powder based on the total weight. A preferred juice powder is acerola juice powder.

[0055] Use and Application The composition of the present invention has been surprisingly found to significantly improve pre-sleep relaxation, reduce mental stress, and improve mood in adults administered with the composition. In addition, skin dullness and pore size have been improved, and there has been a notable reduction in bad breath.

[0056] Preferably, the human subject is selected from infants, youths, or adults. Thus, the composition according to the present invention is for administration in humans over 3 years old, preferably over 6 years old, more preferably over 12 years old, and even more preferably over 16 years old.

[0057] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the human subject is an adult over 18 years old, preferably over 30 years old, more preferably over 45 years old, and even more preferably over 55 years old.

[0058] The composition is preferably administered to a human subject in a fasting state, preferably for at least 8 hours, more preferably for 10 - 14 hours. For example, the composition can be administered in the morning, for example, 8 hours after the last meal or dinner. Preferably, the composition is administered in a fasting state before 7 am.

[0059] Preferably, the composition is administered once a day. The composition is preferably administered for a period of at least 7 days, more preferably at least 14 days, and even more preferably at least 30 days.

[0060] The composition of the present invention is preferably a powder or a ready-to-drink beverage, preferably a powder. The powder is preferably reconstituted in water or a liquid food, such as warm water. However, the powder is suitable for reconstitution in animal or plant milk, beverages, yogurt, soups, cereals, warm or cold foods, etc. The composition can also be presented as a liquid suspension, tablet, gum, candy, nutritional supplement, etc.

[0061] The present invention will be described herein using the following exemplary and non-limiting examples.

Example

[0062] Example 1 The symbiotics supplement according to the present invention can be prepared by dry blending. The composition is shown in Table 1.

[0063]

Table 1

[0064] Example 2 Healthy volunteers (n = 209) were subjected to a study involving administration of the composition according to Example 1 for a period of 14 days. The age of the human volunteers was 40 - 60 years (average 49 years), and 49% were male and 51% were female participants.

[0065] Before the start of the study, the volunteers were asked to evaluate different parameters of their health status using a questionnaire. The product according to Example 1 was recommended to be consumed in the morning, diluted in water at approximately 30°C (thus involving a minimum 8 - hour fasting). On the 7th and 14th days, the volunteers were asked to re - evaluate their health status. The percentage of study subjects shown to have the presence of a given parameter is provided at “Day 0”. The percentage of improvement observed is shown in the columns for Day 7 and Day 14. The results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0066]

Table 2

Claims

1. An enteral composition for use in preventing and / or treating insomnia or sleep disorders in human subjects, a. 10 for each gram of a composition containing at least one probiotic bacteria selected from the group including Lacticaseibacillus ssp., Bifidobacterium ssp., or combinations thereof. ３ ~10 １２ Colony-forming units; and optionally b. Prebiotic fibers in an amount of ≥11% by weight based on the total weight of the composition. A composition containing the following:

2. The daily dose of the at least one probiotic bacterium is 10 ３ ~10 １２ Colony-forming units, preferably 10 ８ ~10 １１ The enteral composition according to claim 1, which is a colony-forming unit.

3. The enteral composition according to claim 1, which does not contain lactose.

4. The enteral composition according to claim 1, comprising a species of the genus Lactobacillus and a species of the genus Bifidobacterium.

5. The enteral composition according to claim 1, administered to a human subject in a fasting state.

6. The enteral composition according to claim 5, wherein fasting is at least 8 hours, preferably 10 to 14 hours.

7. The enteral composition according to claim 1, wherein the human subject is an adult, preferably an adult ≥ 30 years of age.

8. The enteral composition according to claim 1, which is administered once a day.

9. The enteral composition according to claim 1, administered for a period of at least 7 days, preferably at least 14 days.

10. The enteral composition according to claim 1, which is a powder, preferably a powder that can be reconstituted in warm water.

11. The enteral composition according to claim 1, wherein the prevention and / or treatment is improved by ≥2%, preferably ≥5%, compared to a person who has not taken the nutritional composition containing a and b.

12. Preferably, a species of the genus Lacticaseebacillus selected from Lacticaseebacillus paracasei, Lacticaseebacillus acidophilus, Lacticaseebacillus murinus, Lacticaseebacillus reuteri, Lacticaseebacillus rhamnosus, or a mixture thereof. The enteral composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising at least one species of ssp.

13. The enteral composition according to claim 12, wherein the species of the genus Lacticaseibacillus (Lacticaseibacillus ssp.) is Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, preferably Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subspecies paracasei, and more preferably Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subspecies paracasei CRL431.

14. Preferably, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium longum subspecies longum, Bifidobacterium subspecies infantis, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium lactis The enteral composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising at least one species of the genus Bifidobacterium (Bifidobacterium ssp.) selected from Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium breve, and mixtures thereof.

15. The enteral composition according to claim 14, wherein the Bifidobacterium ssp. species is Bifidobacterium lactis, preferably Bifidobacterium lactis BB12.

16. The enteral composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the prebiotic fiber, preferably soluble prebiotic fiber, is selected from fructooligosaccharides, inulin, galactooligosaccharides, β-glucan, or a combination thereof.

17. A non-therapeutic method for improving sleep quality and / or inducing and / or enhancing pre-sleep relaxation, comprising administering an enteral composition to a human subject in need thereof, wherein the composition is a. 10 for each gram of a composition containing at least one probiotic bacteria selected from the group including Lacticaseibacillus ssp., Bifidobacterium ssp., or combinations thereof. ３ ~10 １２ Colony-forming units; and b. Prebiotic fibers in an amount of ≥11% by weight based on the total weight of the composition. Methods that include...

18. The non-therapeutic method according to claim 17, wherein the improvement and / or enhancement is in a person who has not ingested a nutritional composition comprising a and b, and the improvement and / or enhancement is ≥2%, preferably ≥5%.

19. A non-therapeutic method for reducing foul-smelling breath, comprising administering an enteral composition to a human subject in need thereof, wherein the composition is a. For each composition of at least one probiotic bacterium selected from the group consisting of a species of Lacticasibacillus spp., a species of Bifidobacterium spp., or a combination thereof, 10 ３ to 10 １２ colony forming units; and b. Prebiotic fibers in an amount of ≥11% by weight based on the total weight of the composition. Methods that include...

20. A non-therapeutic method for improving the appearance and texture of the skin, comprising administering an enteral composition to a human subject in need thereof, wherein the composition is a. 10 for each gram of a composition containing at least one probiotic bacteria selected from the group including Lacticaseibacillus ssp., Bifidobacterium ssp., or combinations thereof. ３ ~10 １２ Colony-forming units; and b. Prebiotic fibers in an amount of ≥11% by weight based on the total weight of the composition. Methods that include...

21. i. At least 40% by weight of carbohydrates based on the total composition, ii. Prebiotic soluble fiber of ≥85% by weight based on the total weight of carbohydrates, iii. For every 1 gram of a composition containing at least one probiotic bacterium selected from the group including Lacticaseibacillus ssp., Bifidobacterium ssp., or combinations thereof, 10 ３ ~10 １２ Colony-forming unit An enteral composition comprising, The aforementioned composition is an enteral composition that does not contain lactose.

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