Asymmetric GRIN optical element-containing film that can be applied to spectacle lenses or other ophthalmic lenses

Abstract

Disclosed are a film (1), an ophthalmic lens including the film (1), eyeglasses including the ophthalmic lens and the film (1), and a method for manufacturing the film (1). The film (1) has a base refractive index and includes at least one optical element (7a, 7b) with an asymmetric refractive index profile.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a coating that can be applied to a spectacle lens or other ophthalmic lens, the coating including at least one gradient index (GRIN) optical element having an asymmetric refractive index profile. The present disclosure also relates to an ophthalmic lens comprising such a coating, and a method for manufacturing such a coating. [Background technology]

[0002] Many people, both children and adults, need ophthalmic lenses to correct myopia (a condition in which infinitely distant light rays are focused in front of the retina), and many adults need ophthalmic lenses to correct presbyopia (an age-related loss of accommodation and therefore the inability to focus on nearby objects). Ophthalmic lenses may also be needed to correct hyperopia (a condition in which infinitely distant light rays are focused behind the retina), astigmatism, or keratoconus (a condition in which the cornea gradually bulges and assumes the shape of a cone).

[0003] Without optical correction, myopia focuses incoming light from distant objects to a location in front of the retina. As a result, the light converges toward a plane located in front of the retina (beyond which light diverges) and then diverges toward the retina, causing it to be out of focus upon reaching the retina. Conventional lenses for correcting myopia (e.g., spectacle lenses or contact lenses) reduce the convergence (in the case of contact lenses) or cause divergence (in the case of spectacle lenses) of incoming light from distant objects before it reaches the eye, resulting in the position of the focal point being shifted onto the retina.

[0004] In presbyopia, the lens does not change shape as effectively to accommodate near objects, and therefore people with presbyopia are unable to focus on near objects. Conventional lenses (e.g., eyeglass lenses and contact lenses) for correcting presbyopia include bifocal or cumulative multifocal lenses that include an area optimized for near vision and an area optimized for far vision. Presbyopia may also be treated with bifocal or cumulative multifocal lenses, or monovision lenses (where a different prescription is provided for each eye, with one eye provided with a distance vision lens and the other with a near vision lens).

[0005] Decades ago, it was suggested that undercorrection, i.e., moving the focal point closer to the retina but not completely onto it, could be used to slow or prevent the progression of myopia in children or young people. However, a corollary of this approach is a decrease in distance vision compared to that achieved with lenses that fully correct myopia. Furthermore, the effectiveness of undercorrection in controlling myopia during progression is now considered questionable. A more recent approach is to provide lenses that have both areas that provide full correction of distance vision and areas that are undercorrected or intentionally induce myopic defocus. Lenses may also be provided that increase the scattering of light in certain areas compared to light that passes through the fully corrected areas of the lens. It has been suggested that these approaches can prevent or slow the progression or progression of myopia in children or young people while still providing good distance vision.

[0006] In lenses with defocusing zones, the zone that provides full correction of distance vision is commonly referred to as the base power zone, and the zone that provides undercorrection or intentionally induces myopic defocus is commonly referred to as the add zone or myopic defocus zone (because the power, expressed in diopters, is slightly more positive (+) or slightly less positive (-) than the power of the distance-correcting base power zone). The surface (typically the anterior surface) of the add zone has a smaller radius of curvature than the radius of curvature of the distance zone, thus providing a slightly more positive or slightly more negative power to the eye. The add zone is designed to focus incoming parallel light rays (i.e., light from far away) in the eye in front of the retina (i.e., located near the lens), while the distance zone is designed to focus light so that it can form an image at the retina (i.e., away from the lens). When the lens wearer is using accommodation to focus light that has passed through the distance power region while viewing a near target, the add power region focuses the light in front of the retina.

[0007] For lenses that increase light scattering in certain regions, the scattering-enhancing features may be incorporated into the lens surface or into the material used to form the lens. For example, scattering elements may be created on the lens surface or embedded within the lens by thermal, mechanical, or light-induced methods. The scattering elements may be, for example, laser-induced material changes to form optical elements embedded in the lens material.

[0008] One known type of contact lens that reduces the progression of myopia is a dual-focus contact lens, commercially available under the name MISIGHT (CooperVision, Inc.). This dual-focus lens differs from bifocal or multifocal contact lenses designed to improve vision in presbyopia in that the dual-focus lens has certain optical dimensions that allow individuals with accommodation to use distance correction (i.e., base power) to see both distant and near objects. The treatment zone of the dual-focus lens, which also has add power, provides myopically defocused images at both distance and near vision distances.

[0009] While these lenses have proven beneficial in preventing or slowing the progression of myopia, the annular add power area can produce undesirable visual side effects. Light focused by the annular add power area in front of the retina diverges from the focal point, forming a defocused annulus at the retina. Thus, wearers of these lenses may see a ring or "halo" surrounding the image formed on the retina, particularly for small, shiny objects, such as street lamps or car headlights. Furthermore, theoretically, rather than using the eye's natural accommodation (i.e., the eye's natural ability to change focal length) to focus on nearby objects, the wearer may utilize the additional annular add power area to focus on nearby objects. In other words, the wearer may accidentally use the lenses in the same manner as presbyopia-correcting lenses, which is undesirable for younger subjects.

[0010] Other lenses have been developed that can be used in the treatment of myopia. In these lenses, the annular region is configured to prevent a single, on-axis image from appearing in front of the retina, thereby preventing such an image from being used to focus on a nearby target and avoid the need for accommodation. Instead, a distant point light source is imaged by the annular region into a ring-shaped focal line at the nearby add focal plane, thereby producing a small spot size of light without a surrounding "halo" effect on the retina at the far focal plane.

[0011] It has been recognized that for treating myopia, it may be beneficial to provide a lens that introduces additional myopic defocus, and for treating presbyopia, it may be beneficial to provide a lens that produces an extended depth of focus.

[0012] It has been recognized that known lenses that include a therapeutic portion that introduces defocus are typically designed to provide a specific treatment to the lens wearer, which can be costly and complex to design, and which can require the lens wearer to purchase different lenses that provide different degrees of correction if the lens wearer's needs change over time. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0013] The present invention aims to provide a simple and cost-effective alternative to known lenses used in preventing or slowing the progression of myopia. Such lenses may also be useful in correcting or improving vision associated with presbyopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, keratoconus, or other refractive errors. [Means for solving the problem]

[0014] According to a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a film that can be applied to an ophthalmic lens as set forth in claim 1.

[0015] According to a second aspect, the present disclosure includes an ophthalmic lens as set forth in claim 19.

[0016] According to a third aspect, the present disclosure includes eyeglasses as set forth in claim 22.

[0017] According to a fourth aspect, the present disclosure includes a method as set forth in claim 23.

[0018] Of course, it will be recognized that features described in connection with one aspect of the present disclosure may be incorporated into other aspects of the present disclosure, for example, a method of the present disclosure may incorporate features described in connection with a device or apparatus of the present disclosure, and vice versa.

[0019] Example embodiments will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings in which: [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0020] [Figure 1A] FIG. 1 is a plan view of a membrane according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 1B] FIG. 1B is a plan view of one of the GRIN optical elements of the film of FIG. 1A. [Figure 1C] FIG. 1B is a perspective view of the GRIN optical element shown in FIG. 1A. [Figure 1D] FIG. 2 is a graphical representation of the refractive index profile of the GRIN optical element shown in FIGS. 1B and 1C. [Figure 1E] FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of the film of FIG. 1A applied to an ophthalmic lens. [Figure 2A] FIG. 10 is a plan view of a membrane according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2B] 2B is a plan view of one of the GRIN optical elements forming part of the inner ring of the GRIN optical element of the membrane of FIG. 2A. [Figure 2C] FIG. 2C is a perspective view of the GRIN optical element shown in FIG. 2B. [Figure 2D] 2B is a plan view of one of the GRIN optical elements forming part of the outer ring of GRIN optical elements of the membrane of FIG. 2A. [Figure 2E] FIG. 2E is a perspective view of the GRIN optical element shown in FIG. 2D. [Figure 2F] FIG. 3 is a graph showing the refractive index profile of the GRIN optical element shown in FIGS. 2B to 2E. [Figure 2G] FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of the film of FIG. 2A applied to an ophthalmic lens. [Figure 3A] FIG. 1 is a plan view of a membrane according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 3B] FIG. 3B is a plan view of one of the GRIN optical elements shown in FIG. 3A. [Figure 3C] FIG. 3C is a graph showing the refractive index profile in the circumferential direction around one of the GRIN optical elements shown in FIG. 3B. [Figure 3D] FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view of the film of FIG. 3A applied to an ophthalmic lens. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a front view of a pair of eyeglasses including lenses according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5A] FIG. 2 is a plan view of a membrane according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5B] FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view of a small portion of the film of FIG. 5A applied to an ophthalmic lens. [Figure 6] 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method for manufacturing a membrane according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0021] According to a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a coating that can be applied to an ophthalmic lens, the coating having a base refractive index and including at least one gradient index optical element having an asymmetric refractive index profile.

[0022] The film may be used in preventing or slowing the worsening or progression of myopia. The film may be used to correct or improve vision associated with presbyopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, keratoconus, or another refractive error.

[0023] The membrane may be a cross-linked polymer film. The membrane may be a thin film. The membrane may be formed from a matrix of a non-cross-linked polymer. The membrane may be a Bayfol® HX membrane. The membrane may have a uniform thickness.

[0024] The base refractive index of the film may be uniform. The base refractive index of the film may be between 1.3 and 1.8, preferably about 1.5. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may have an average refractive index greater than the base refractive index. Alternatively, each of the at least one GRIN optical element may have an average refractive index less than the base refractive index.

[0025] In the context of the present disclosure, each of the at least one GRIN optical element is an element having a graded and asymmetric refractive index profile in a plane parallel to the surface of the film. Each element may be substantially cylindrical, or may be cylindrical with an elliptical or oval cross-section, with the cylindrical axis of each element being perpendicular to the plane of the layer. Each element may be substantially spheroidal or cubic. Each element may have a circular, elliptical, oval, or square cross-section in a plane parallel to the surface of the film. Each element may have a circular, elliptical, oval, or square cross-section and a flat surface coplanar with the surface of the layer. In embodiments of the present invention, the refractive index variation across the at least one GRIN optical element is asymmetric in at least one lateral direction, i.e., a direction extending parallel to the surface of the layer.

[0026] The asymmetric variation in refractive index may be a radial variation in refractive index, i.e., the refractive index may vary radially outward from a point at the center of the GRIN optical element and extending in a plane (i.e., a cross-section) parallel to the surface of the film. The asymmetric variation in refractive index may be a circumferential variation, i.e., the refractive index may vary around the circumference of the GRIN optical element in a plane parallel to the surface of the film, and the variation in refractive index may be different along different medians of the GRIN optical element.

[0027] The asymmetric change in refractive index may be a change in a linear direction parallel to the surface of the film.

[0028] Advantageously, GRIN optics can provide defocus. It is believed that defocus can help prevent or slow the progression of myopia. It is believed that defocus can help correct or improve vision associated with presbyopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, keratoconus, or other refractive errors. GRIN optics are preferably arranged so that they provide a random refractive index modulation across the film, thereby increasing the spread of light across the retina and reducing image contrast.

[0029] The refractive index variation of any of the at least one GRIN optical element may be defined by an asymmetric polynomial function.

[0030] The film may have a film axis (line) extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane of the film. If the film has a circular cross-section, the film axis may be located at the radial midpoint of the film, or the film axis may be located closer to the radial midpoint of the film. The film axis may be the optical axis of the film. The optical axis of the film may be defined relative to a distant point light source located on the optical axis of the film. Light from a distant point light source located on the optical axis of the film and passing through a region of the film having the base refractive index is focused to a point on the optical axis of the film. As a result of the asymmetric refractive index profile of the GRIN optical elements, light from a distant point light source on the optical axis of the film passing through one of the GRIN optical elements of the film having the base refractive index is focused toward a point located a first distance from the optical axis of the film. Thus, incoming light from a distant point light source incident on at least one gradient index gradient element in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane of the film is focused in a direction that is not perpendicular to the plane of the film.

[0031] Each of the at least one GRIN optical element is a lens having its own local optical axis. The local optical axis of each of the at least one GRIN optical element is tilted with respect to the optical axis of the film as a result of the asymmetric refractive index profile. The local optical axis of each of the at least one GRIN optical element is defined with respect to a distant point light source. Light from a distant point light source located on the local optical axis of the GRIN optical element (hereinafter sometimes referred to as an on-axis distant point light source) is focused onto the local optical axis of the GRIN optical element. GRIN optical elements that exhibit an asymmetric change in refractive index in a direction parallel to the surface of the film (i.e., the transverse direction) have their local optical axis tilted with respect to the optical axis of the lens, such that light from a distant point light source on the optical axis of the film that passes through each of the GRIN optical elements is focused to a point located a first distance from the optical axis of the film. The focusing power of each GRIN optical element depends on the refractive index profile of the GRIN optical element.

[0032] The film may be configured on the surface of an ophthalmic lens, which may be a lens for preventing or slowing the worsening or progression of myopia, which may be a lens for correcting or improving vision associated with presbyopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, keratoconus, or another refractive error.

[0033] Ophthalmic lenses have an optical axis. When a film according to embodiments of the present disclosure is applied to an ophthalmic lens, the optical axis of the lens-film combination may be affected by the optical properties of the film. Hereinafter, when referring to the film when applied to a lens, and when referring to the optical axis of the lens, the optical axis is the optical axis when considered in combination with the film.

[0034] The film may be configurable on a surface of the lens such that light from a distant point source on the optical axis of the lens that passes through a region of the film having the base refractive index is focused towards a point on the optical axis of the lens, and light from a distant point source on the optical axis of the lens that passes through at least one gradient refractive index optical element is focused towards a point located a first distance from the optical axis.

[0035] The optical axis of a lens is determined relative to a distant point light source. Light from a distant point light source located on the optical axis of the lens (hereinafter sometimes referred to as an on-axis distant point light source) is focused on the optical axis of the lens. The optical axis is preferably located along the center line of the lens. For example, if the lens is a contact lens, the optical axis is generally located along the center line of the lens. However, the optical axis may not naturally be located along the center line of the lens, as is the case with spectacle lenses, where the position of the lens's optical axis is determined by the wearer's interpupillary distance, and the lens optical axis may not coincide with the center line of the lens depending on the lens's geometric shape.

[0036] When the film is applied to a lens, light from an on-axis distant point source that passes through a region of the film having a base refractive index can be focused to a focal point on the optical axis of the lens at the base power focal plane. The base power focal plane may be defined as a surface that is perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens and passes through the focal point of the lens. As used herein, the term "surface" does not refer to a physical surface, but rather to a surface that can be drawn through a point to focus light from a distant object. Such a surface is also called an image surface (even if it is curved) or an image shell. The eye focuses light onto a curved retina, and in a perfectly focused eye, the curvature of the image shell matches the curvature of the retina. Therefore, the eye does not focus light onto a flat mathematical plane. However, in the art, the curved surface of the retina is commonly referred to as a plane. When the film is applied to a lens, light from an on-axis point source that passes through the film is focused to a focal point on the optical axis of the lens at the base power focal plane. As a result of the asymmetric refractive index profile, when the film is applied to a lens, light from an on-axis, distant point source that passes through at least one GRIN optical element will be directed to a point that is not located on the optical axis of the lens (i.e., an off-axis focus).

[0037] The local optical axis of each of the at least one GRIN optical element is tilted with respect to the optical axis of the film as a result of the asymmetric refractive index profile. GRIN optical elements that exhibit an asymmetric change in refractive index in a direction parallel to the surface of the film (i.e., the transverse direction) have their local optical axes tilted with respect to the optical axis of the lens, such that light from a distant point source on the optical axis of the film that passes through each of the GRIN optical elements is focused to a point located a first distance from the optical axis of the film. The focusing power of each of the GRIN optical elements will depend on the refractive index profile of that GRIN optical element.

[0038] Any or all of the at least one GRIN optical element may be configured such that, when the film is applied to the lens, light rays from an on-axis, far-point light source passing through the GRIN optical element form a small spot of light centered on the optical axis of the lens at the base power focal plane. Thus, while each GRIN optical element can focus light toward an off-axis focus, the approximate superposition of an image formed from light passing through a region of the lens with the base refractive index and a defocused image formed from light passing through the GRIN optical element can improve the quality or contrast of the image focused at the retina and can improve the lens wearer's visual acuity. Alternatively, any or all of the at least one GRIN optical element may be configured such that, when the film is applied to the lens, light from an on-axis, far-point light source passing through the GRIN optical element does not intersect the optical axis of the lens at the base power focal plane. This may result in a decrease in the contrast or quality of the image focused at the retina, which may be advantageous in limiting the progression of myopia.

[0039] The film may include a plurality of GRIN optical elements. The film may include a plurality of GRIN optical elements randomly distributed throughout the layer. The plurality of GRIN optical elements may be randomly distributed across a portion of the film. The film may include a plurality of GRIN optical elements arranged to form at least one annular ring. The at least one annular ring may be circular, oval, or elliptical in shape. The at least one annular ring may have a center located on the film axis, the film axis extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane of the film. When the film is applied to the lens, the film may be configured so that the center of the at least one annular ring is located on the optical axis of the lens. The film may have at least two concentric annular rings positioned at different radial distances from the film axis. The film may be reconfigurable on the lens so that the plurality of GRIN optical elements may be arranged to form at least two concentric annular rings positioned at different radial distances from the optical axis of the lens.

[0040] The GRIN optical elements may be positioned at regular intervals across the entire film or a portion of the film. The GRIN optical elements may be positioned on the grid points of a triangular lattice. The GRIN optical elements may be positioned on the grid points of a square or rectangular lattice.

[0041] The GRIN optical elements may be arranged to form an annular pattern on the film. The annular pattern may leave a central region of the film free of GRIN optical elements. The film may have a central region of up to 8 mm in diameter free of GRIN optical elements. When the film is applied to the lens, the film may be configured such that the annular pattern leaves a central region of the lens free of GRIN optical elements. The lens may have a central region of up to 8 mm in diameter free of GRIN optical elements. The annular pattern may include a single annular area or multiple concentric annular areas.

[0042] The film may include at least one second annular ring of GRIN optical elements. The second annular ring of optical elements may be positioned at a different radial distance from the film axis. When the film is applied to the lens, the film may be configured such that the second annular ring of optical elements is positioned at a second different radial distance from the film axis.

[0043] At least two of the GRIN optical elements may be substantially identical, i.e., they may be of the same size and shape, and they may have the same asymmetric refractive index profile.

[0044] When the coating is applied to the lens, the at least two GRIN optical elements can focus light from an on-axis, far-away point source toward a point that is not located on the optical axis of the lens but is located on the same focal plane. The refractive index profiles of the at least two GRIN optical elements can be changed such that when the lens with the coating is positioned on an eye, light from the on-axis, far-away point source that passes through the GRIN optical elements is located at a surface that is closer to the posterior surface of the lens than the base power focal plane. The refractive index profiles of the at least two GRIN optical elements can be changed such that when the lens with the coating is positioned on an eye, light from the on-axis, far-away point source that passes through the GRIN optical elements is focused at a surface that is further from the posterior surface of the lens than the base power focal surface.

[0045] Substantially identical GRIN optical elements positioned at the same radial distance from the film axis (e.g., GRIN optical elements arranged in circular concentric rings with their centers located on the film axis) can focus light toward off-axis points located at equal distances from the film axis or the film's optical axis. When the film is applied to a lens, substantially identical GRIN optical elements positioned at the same radial distance from the lens's optical axis (e.g., GRIN optical elements arranged in circular concentric rings with their centers located on the optical axis) can focus light toward off-axis points located at equal distances from the lens's optical axis and located on the same focal plane. Thus, the focal points formed from light passing through these GRIN optical elements can form circular rings at the focal plane. Similarly, substantially identical GRIN optical elements can be arranged to form elliptical or oval rings with their centers located on the optical axis. When the film is applied to a lens, the focal points formed from light from an on-axis, far-point source passing through these GRIN optical elements can form elliptical or oval rings at the focal plane. The film may be configurable on the surface of the lens such that light from a distant point source on the optical axis of the lens that passes through a region of the film having the film axis or the base refractive index is focused towards a point on the optical axis of the lens, and light from a distant point source on the optical axis of the lens that passes through at least one annular ring of the gradient refractive index optical element forms an annular ring of points at the focal plane.

[0046] At least two of the GRIN optical elements may have different asymmetric refractive index profiles, in which case the at least two GRIN optical elements have different local optical axes. When the film is applied to the lens, for first and second GRIN optical elements with different refractive index profiles and positioned the same radial distance from the optical axis of the lens, light from an on-axis, far-point source passing through the first GRIN optical element may be focused to a point located a first distance from the optical axis of the lens, and light from an on-axis, far-point source passing through the second GRIN optical element may be focused to a point located a second, different distance from the optical axis of the lens. The focal points of each of the GRIN optical elements are determined by the asymmetric refractive index profiles of the GRIN optical elements and the positions of the GRIN optical elements.

[0047] When the films are applied to the lens, at least two of the GRIN optical elements, having different refractive index profiles, can focus light toward different focal planes.

[0048] Each of the plurality of GRIN optical elements may have a different variation in refractive index. Alternatively, some GRIN optical elements may have the same variation in refractive index while others have different variations in refractive index. The plurality of GRIN optical elements may be distributed such that GRIN optical elements having the same or similar variation in refractive index can be grouped in a cluster or ordered array. The film may be divisible into a plurality of separate portions, each portion containing GRIN optical elements having the same or similar variation in refractive index.

[0049] There may be a correlation between the refractive index profile of each of the at least one GRIN optical element and the radial position of that optical element from the film axis. GRIN optical elements positioned at the same radial distance from the film axis (e.g., positioned around a circular ring whose center is located on the film axis) may have the same refractive index profile. GRIN optical elements positioned at different radial distances from the film axis may have different refractive index profiles.

[0050] A GRIN optical element positioned at a relatively large radial distance from the film axis may have a refractive index profile that results in a greater focal power than a GRIN optical element positioned at a relatively small radial distance from the film axis.

[0051] When the film is applied to a lens and the lens is in use, a GRIN optical element positioned at a relatively long radial distance from the optical axis of the lens can focus light from an on-axis, far point source toward a surface located closer to the posterior surface of the lens substrate than a GRIN optical element positioned at a relatively short radial distance from the optical axis of the lens.

[0052] The film may include GRIN optical elements forming a first circular ring, the GRIN optical elements having a first refractive index profile. The film may include GRIN optical elements forming a second circular ring, the GRIN optical elements having a second, different refractive index profile. The first circular ring may be located at a shorter radial distance from the film axis than the second circular ring. When the film is applied to a lens, the first refractive index profile results in the GRIN optical elements being part of a first ring that focuses light toward a first focal plane, and the second refractive index profile results in the GRIN optical elements being part of a second ring that focuses light toward a second focal plane. When such a lens is worn by a user, the first focal plane and / or the second focal plane may be located closer to the posterior surface of the lens than the base focal plane. The first focal plane may be located closer to the posterior surface of the lens than the second focal plane. The first focal plane may be located further from the rear surface of the lens than the second focal plane.

[0053] The film may include GRIN optical elements forming multiple concentric annular rings. GRIN optical elements within the same annular ring may have the same refractive index profile. GRIN optical elements forming different annular rings may have different refractive index profiles. Annular rings positioned at relatively long radial distances from the film axis may include GRIN optical elements having a refractive index variation resulting in a large focusing power of the optical element. When the film is applied to a lens and the lens is in use, annular rings positioned at relatively long radial distances from the optical axis of the lens substrate may comprise GRIN optical elements that focus light toward surfaces located closer to the posterior surface of the lens than annular rings positioned at relatively short radial distances from the optical axis of the lens. Alternatively, annular rings positioned at relatively long radial distances from the film axis may include GRIN optical elements having a small focusing power. In this case, when the film is applied to the lens and the lens is in use, the annular ring positioned at a relatively long radial distance from the optical axis of the lens may comprise a GRIN optical element that focuses light toward a surface positioned further away from the posterior surface of the lens than the annular ring positioned at a relatively short radial distance from the optical axis of the lens.

[0054] Each of the at least one GRIN optical element can cause additional scattering of light incident on the GRIN optical element compared to light incident on the remainder of the film.

[0055] Each of the at least one GRIN optical elements may have a minimum difference in refractive index compared to the base refractive index of at least 0.001, preferably at least 0.005. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may have a minimum refractive index greater than 0.001 above the base refractive index. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may have a minimum refractive index greater than 0.005 above the base refractive index. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may have a maximum refractive index less than 0.005 above the base refractive index. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may have a maximum refractive index less than 0.001 above the base refractive index. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may have a maximum refractive index less than 0.1 above the base refractive index, preferably less than 0.025 above the base refractive index. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may have a maximum refractive index greater than 0.1 above the base refractive index. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may have a maximum refractive index greater than 0.025 above the base refractive index. Each of the at least one GRIN optical elements may have a minimum refractive index that is 0.1 less than the base refractive index. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may have a minimum refractive index that is 0.025 less than the base refractive index. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may have a minimum refractive index equal to the base refractive index. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may have a minimum refractive index between -25D and +25D, preferably between -0.25D and +25.0D. For films used in preventing or slowing the progression or worsening of myopia, each GRIN optical element may have a minimum refractive index between -0.25D and +25.0D. For films used in preventing or slowing the progression or worsening of hyperopia, each GRIN optical element may have a minimum refractive index between 0.0D and -25.0D.

[0056] The film may have a finite thickness, and each of the at least one GRIN optical elements may extend through the thickness of the film. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may only partially penetrate the thickness of the film. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may be embedded within the film. The film may have a uniform thickness. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may be embedded within the film without varying the thickness of the film. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may have a uniform thickness. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may have a flat surface that is flush with the surface of the film.

[0057] The membrane may be a cross-linked polymer film containing at least one GRIN optical element. The membrane may be made of a matrix of a non-cross-linked polymer.

[0058] The membrane may be reusable, so that it can be easily removed and applied to the same or a different substrate.

[0059] The membrane should have a uniform thickness.

[0060] The film should be flexible and transparent. In the case of contact lenses, the film should have a thickness of 1 μm to 100 μm, preferably 10 μm to 20 μm, and more preferably 14 μm to 18 μm. In the case of spectacle lenses, the film should have a thickness of 1 μm to 1000 μm, preferably 10 μm to 20 μm, and more preferably 14 μm to 18 μm.

[0061] Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may have a width of 1 μm to 5 mm, preferably 10 μm to 2 mm. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may have a volume of 1 μm to 5 mm, preferably 10 μm to 2 mm. The plurality of GRIN optical elements may occupy 5% to 80% of the volume of the film. The plurality of GRIN optical elements may cover 20% to 80% of the surface area of ​​the film. The film may include 2 to 5000 GRIN optical elements.

[0062] The film may be sized and / or shaped to cover the entire surface of the lens or substantially all of the surface of the lens. Alternatively, the film may be sized and / or shaped to cover only a portion of the surface of the lens. When the film is applied to the lens, the film may be configured to cover a central portion of the surface of the lens, e.g., the portion configured to be in front of the lens wearer's eye when the ophthalmic lens is in use. The film may be configured to cover an annular region of the surface surrounding the center of the lens. There may also be a peripheral region of the lens that is not covered by the film.

[0063] When the film is applied to the lens, it may be configured to cover a portion of the annular region of the lens. Presumably, the film does not cover the central region of the lens, which is therefore free of GRIN optical elements. The film may cover all of the annular region or only a portion of the annular region. The term annular region, as used herein, refers to a region of the lens that may extend around the entire outer edge of the central region or may extend partially around the outer edge of the central region. The annular region of the lens may be circular, oval, or elliptical in shape. The annular region of the lens may include a plurality of GRIN optical elements. The plurality of GRIN optical elements may be distributed around the entire annular region or over a portion of the annular region.

[0064] The film may include a plurality of concentric annular regions radially separated by regions of the film having the base refractive index.

[0065] At least one GRIN optical element may be a photocured GRIN optical element. In the context of this disclosure, a photocured GRIN optical element is a GRIN optical element formed by photocuring or photopolymerization. The photocured GRIN optical element may be made of photopolymerizable or photocurable molecules or other photocurable elements. The photocuring results in an asymmetrically graded refractive index throughout the photocured region. The photocurable molecules may be dispersed within a film. The photocurable molecules may be dispersed within a crosslinked polymer matrix or within a resin.

[0066] The membrane may have an adhesive surface for adhering the membrane to the surface of the ophthalmic lens. The adhesive may comprise a transparent adhesive, such as an epoxy adhesive. The adhesive may be an adhesive layer.

[0067] According to a second aspect, the present disclosure provides an ophthalmic lens having a membrane. The membrane can include any of the features described above. The ophthalmic lens (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the lens) can be a lens for preventing or slowing the worsening or progression of myopia. The lens can be a lens for correcting or improving vision associated with presbyopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, keratoconus, or another refractive error.

[0068] The film may cover the entire surface of the lens or substantially all of the surface of the lens. Alternatively, the film may cover only a portion of the surface of the lens. The film may cover a central portion of the surface of the lens, for example, the portion that is configured to be in front of the lens wearer's eye when an ophthalmic lens is used. There may be a peripheral region of the lens that is not covered by the film.

[0069] The lens may be a spectacle lens. In the case of a spectacle lens, it may be advantageous to distribute the GRIN optics over a relatively large area of ​​the lens, as this may allow the defocus caused by the GRIN optics to be maintained as the lens wearer's eye moves relative to the lens. Multiple GRIN optics distributed throughout the spectacle lens may allow a consistent myopic defocus to be maintained. The spectacle lens may be made of PMMA, CR-39, polycarbonate, Trivex®, or crown glass.

[0070] The ophthalmic lens may be a contact lens. The membrane may be provided on the anterior surface of the ophthalmic lens. In the context of this disclosure, the anterior surface of the ophthalmic lens is the surface or outer surface of the lens that faces forward when the ophthalmic lens is worn by the lens wearer.

[0071] The ophthalmic lens may be circular in shape. The ophthalmic lens may be elliptical in shape. The ophthalmic lens may be oval in shape. The ophthalmic lens may be rectangular in shape. The ophthalmic lens may be square in shape. The anterior surface of the ophthalmic lens may be 1200mm 2 ~3000mm 2 The ophthalmic lens may have an area of ​​approximately 1 / 4" (0.05 mm). The ophthalmic lens may be made of clear glass or hard plastic, such as polycarbonate. The ophthalmic lens may be substantially flat, and may have at least one curved surface that provides the lens power.

[0072] The lens may be a contact lens. As used herein, the term contact lens refers to an ophthalmic lens that can be placed on the anterior surface of the eye. It is understood that such contact lenses provide clinically acceptable on-eye movement and do not adhere to one or both of a person's eyes. The contact lens may be in the form of a corneal lens (e.g., a lens that remains in place on the cornea of ​​the eye). In embodiments where the lens is a contact lens, the lens may have a surface area of ​​60 mm to 750 mm. The lens may be circular in shape. The lens may be oval in shape. The lens may be elliptical in shape. The lens may have a diameter of 10 mm to 15 mm.

[0073] The lens may be a hard contact lens.The lens may be a gas permeable hard contact lens.

[0074] The contact lens may be a toric contact lens, for example, a toric contact lens may have an optical zone configured to correct a person's astigmatism. The lens may be a scleral contact lens.

[0075] The ophthalmic lens may be a soft contact lens, such as a hydrogel contact lens or a silicone hydrogel contact lens.

[0076] Ophthalmic lenses may be comprised of elastomer materials, silicone elastomer materials, hydrogel materials, or silicone hydrogel materials, or mixtures thereof. As understood in the contact lens art, a hydrogel is a material that retains water in equilibrium and is free of silicone-containing chemicals. A silicone hydrogel is a hydrogel that contains silicone-containing chemicals. The hydrogel and silicone hydrogel materials described in connection with the present disclosure have an equilibrium water content (EWC) of at least 10% to about 90% (wt / wt). In some embodiments, the EWC of a hydrogel or silicone hydrogel material is about 30% to about 70% (wt / wt). In comparison, the water content of silicone elastomer materials described in connection with the present invention is about 0% to less than 10% (wt / wt). Typically, the water content of silicone elastomer materials used in the methods or devices of the present invention is 0.1% to 3% (wt / wt). Examples of suitable lens formulations include those having the following United States Adequate Names (USAN): methafilcon A, ocufilcon A, ocufilcon B, ocufilcon C, ocufilcon D, omafilcon A, omafilcon B, comfilcon A, enfilcon A, stenfilcon A, fanfilcon A, etafilcon A, senofilcon These include senofilcon A, senofilcon B, senofilcon C, narafilcon A, narafilcon B, balafilcon A, samfilcon A, lotrafilcon A, lotrafilcon B, somofilcon A, riofilcon A, delefilcon A, verofilcon A, kalifilcon A, and lehfilcon A.

[0077] Alternatively, the ophthalmic lens may comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of a silicone elastomer material. For example, the lens may comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of a silicone elastomer material having a Shore A hardness of 3 to 50. Shore A hardness can be determined using conventional methods (e.g., using method DIN 53505), as will be understood by those skilled in the art. Other silicone elastomer materials can be obtained, for example, from NuSil Technology or Dow Chemical Company.

[0078] The film may be provided on the front surface of the lens. The film may be provided on the rear surface of the lens. The film may be provided on both the front and rear surfaces of the lens. The film may be removably attached to the lens or may be otherwise applied, i.e., the film may be easily removed from the lens. The film may be reusable, such that it can be easily removed and reapplied to the same substrate or a different lens.

[0079] An ophthalmic lens may have an optic zone. The optic zone surrounds the portion of the lens that has an optical function. The optic zone is configured to be positioned over or in front of the pupil of the eye during use. The optic zone may be surrounded by a peripheral zone. The peripheral zone is not part of the optic zone but is located outside the optic zone. In a contact lens, the peripheral zone may be located over the iris when the lens is worn. The peripheral zone may perform a mechanical function, such as increasing the size of the lens to make it easier to handle. In a contact lens, the peripheral zone may provide ballast stabilization to prevent lens rotation and / or provide a contoured area to increase comfort for the lens wearer. The peripheral zone may extend to the edge of the contact lens. A membrane may cover the optic zone, but perhaps it should not cover the peripheral zone.

[0080] The lens may have a central region and an annular region surrounding the central region. When the film is applied to the lens, it may cover a portion of the annular region. The film may not cover the central region, and therefore the central region may be free of GRIN optical elements. The film may cover all of the annular region or only a portion of the annular region. As used herein, the term annular region refers to a region that may extend around the entire outer edge of the central region or may extend partially along the outer edge of the central region. The annular region may be circular, oval, or elliptical in shape. The annular region may include a plurality of GRIN optical elements. The plurality of GRIN optical elements may be distributed around the entire annular region or may be distributed over a portion of the annular region.

[0081] The lens may further comprise an adhesive disposed between the film and the surface of the lens substrate. The adhesive may comprise a transparent adhesive, for example an epoxy adhesive. The adhesive may be an adhesive layer. The adhesive layer may be applied to the front surface of the lens substrate during manufacture of the lens. The adhesive may permanently adhere the layer to the surface of the lens substrate. Alternatively, the film may be bonded to the surface of the lens. The film may be permanently or irreversibly bonded to the surface of the lens.

[0082] The lens may further include a protective layer disposed on the anterior surface of the film. The anterior surface of the film is the surface or outer surface of the film that faces forward when the lens is in normal use and being worn by the lens wearer. The film may include a substrate configured to provide a protective layer when the film is applied to the surface of the ophthalmic lens. The protective layer may cover all or a portion of the anterior surface of the film. The protective layer may be a transparent layer. The protective layer may be comprised of polycarbonate (PC). The protective layer may be comprised of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or cellulose triacetate (TAC). The protective layer may be comprised of a material having negligible birefringence. The protective layer may be impermeable to water. The protective layer may be scratch resistant. The protective layer may have a base refractive index. The protective layer may provide some UV protection. The protective layer may be attached to the film using an adhesive.

[0083] According to a third aspect, the present disclosure provides eyeglasses having an ophthalmic lens according to the second aspect. The ophthalmic lens may include any of the features described above.

[0084] According to a fourth aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of manufacturing a film, which may include any of the features described above, comprising providing a photocurable film and photocuring at least one region of the film using a digital light projection system, thereby producing at least one photocurable gradient index optical element having an asymmetric refractive index profile.

[0085] In the context of this disclosure, a photocured GRIN optical element is a GRIN optical element formed by photocuring or photopolymerization. The photocured GRIN optical element may be made of photopolymerizable or photocurable molecules or other photocurable elements. The photocuring results in an asymmetrically graded refractive index across the photocured region. The photocurable molecules may be dispersed in a film. The photocurable molecules may be dispersed in a cross-linked polymer matrix or in a resin.

[0086] In the context of this disclosure, a digital light projection (DLP) system is a light projection system used to direct light toward a photocurable film, thereby photocuring a region of the film. The DLP system used has a wavelength suitable for photopolymerization or photocuring of the target film material. For example, for Bayfol® HX film, the DLP system may have a wavelength ranging from 440 nm to 660 nm. The pixel resolution of the DLP system may be less than 100 μm, preferably less than 30 μm, and more preferably less than 10 μm. The DLP system may be a commercial DLP system, such as the 3DLP9000-LED.9" WQXGA light engine, which has a wavelength of 460 nm and a pixel resolution of 30 nm. The DLP system may include a microelectromechanical system (MEMS). The DLP system may include a digital mirror device that can direct light and / or control the transmission of light toward the film.

[0087] DLP systems can be used to irradiate an entire film or a region of a film. DLP systems can be used to photocure individual photocurable elements or molecules, or multiple individual photocurable molecules. Multiple individual photocurable molecules can be photocured sequentially or simultaneously. DLP systems can be used to irradiate an annular region of a film, or multiple concentric annular regions of a film.

[0088] When a digital light projection system is used, a grayscale image can be used to control the projection of light onto the film. The grayscale image can serve as a template for projecting light from a DLP system onto the film. The grayscale image can be a ".bmp" (bitmap) image with a .bmp extension. The grayscale image can mask some areas of the film so that these areas are not exposed to light from the DLP system, while allowing at least one area of ​​the film to be exposed to light from the DLP system. The grayscale image can expose multiple areas to light from the DLP system. The areas of the film exposed to light from the DLP system can be photocured to produce photocured GRIN optical elements.

[0089] The method for manufacturing the film may include generating a design for the film, the design having a desired pattern of photocured GRIN optical elements having an asymmetric refractive index distribution, and generating a grayscale image using the design.

[0090] The grayscale image may be designed to produce any of the example configurations of the photocured GRIN optical element described above, where the GRIN optical element has an asymmetric refractive index distribution. The grayscale image may have a plurality of apertures that allow light from the DLP system to reach the film. Areas of the film illuminated by the light from the DLP system may be photocured. Such an image may have a plurality of portions that block or mask light from reaching the film. Areas of the film not illuminated by the light from the DLP system are not photocured. Such an image may have a plurality of apertures arranged in a pattern. The desired pattern of the photocured GRIN optical element may be an array of GRIN optical elements arranged on grid points of the film, where the image may have a plurality of apertures arranged on the grid points. The grid may be a triangular, square, or cubic grid. Alternatively, the desired pattern of light-cured gradient index optical elements may include at least one annular ring of light-cured gradient index optical elements. The desired pattern of light-cured gradient index optical elements may include a plurality of concentric annular rings of light-cured gradient index optical elements.

[0091] The method may include modeling a desired asymmetric refractive index profile for each of at least one light-cured GRIN optical element and determining at least one light exposure condition required to produce the desired asymmetric refractive index profile.

[0092] Modeling can be used to determine the light exposure intensity and / or exposure duration and / or light exposure wavelength required to photocure a GRIN optical element with a desired asymmetric refractive index profile. These conditions can depend on the characteristics of the DLP system, such as the wavelength, intensity, and type of light source. Such conditions can depend on the characteristics of the film, such as the film material and film thickness. Modeling can be performed using any suitable modeling software, such as MATLAB®. Modeling can be performed using experimental (measured) data or theoretical (predicted) data. The predicted data can be based on known characteristics of the film material and / or the DLP system. The desired refractive index profile of each photocured GRIN optical element can be defined or approximated by an asymmetric polynomial function. The desired asymmetric refractive index profile can be modeled for a single photocured GRIN optical element or for multiple photocured GRIN optical elements. For a film including multiple GRIN optical elements, the desired asymmetric refractive index profile of each of the at least one photo-cured GRIN optical element may be the same, or each of the photo-cured GRIN optical elements may have a different desired asymmetric refractive index profile.

[0093] The modeling step may include measuring or plotting a desired refractive index change map as a function of light exposure conditions. The light exposure conditions may be light intensity, exposure duration, or light wavelength. The map may be generated as a map having a non-flat surface. The map may be generated as a 3D map. The map may be iteratively updated and / or optimized to produce a desired refractive index distribution of the photo-cured GRIN optical element. The map may be a refractive index change map for a single photo-cured GRIN optical element or may be a refractive index change map for multiple photo-cured GRIN optical elements. The map may be used to generate a refractive index gradient pixel matrix for use in a DLP imaging system. The pixel matrix may specify desired light exposure conditions for each pixel of the DLP imaging system to produce a desired refractive index change across the film. The refractive index gradient pixel matrix may be configured to generate a single photo-cured GRIN optical element or to generate 2-5000 photo-cured GRIN optical elements distributed across the film. The gradient index pixel matrix may be configured to produce photocured GRIN optical elements over 20% to 80% of the area of ​​the film.

[0094] The modeling step may include converting the refractive index variation map into a digital light projection intensity map. The digital light projection intensity map may be a pixel matrix for a DLP system. The digital light projection intensity map may be generated from a refractive index gradient pixel matrix. The digital light projection intensity map may be used to generate a grayscale image for use with the DLP system. The digital light projection intensity map may be used to determine required illumination conditions for use with the DLP system. The DLP intensity map may be used to generate a ".bmp" image. The image may be an 8-bit image. The light exposure conditions may depend on the type of film, the desired pattern or arrangement of the photocured GRIN optical elements, the properties of the film, and the properties of the DLP imaging system. Thus, the digital light projection intensity map may be used to control the projection of light onto the film by determining the required illumination conditions.

[0095] As a result of the modeled desired refractive index distribution, an asymmetric refractive index distribution can be obtained when the refractive index variation map is converted into a digital light projection intensity map.

[0096] The desired refractive index profile can result in an asymmetric refractive index profile that varies radially in a plane parallel to the surface of the film. The desired refractive index profile can result in an asymmetric refractive index profile that varies in at least one linear direction parallel to the surface of the film. The desired refractive index profile can result in an asymmetric refractive index profile that varies circumferentially in a plane parallel to the surface of the film.

[0097] The modeling step may include modeling at least two different desired refractive index profiles for at least two different photo-cured GRIN optical elements. The modeling step may include selecting a desired refractive index profile for each of the at least one GRIN optical element depending on the optical element's position within the desired pattern. If the desired pattern of GRIN optical elements includes multiple concentric annular rings of photo-cured gradient index optical elements, the modeling step may include selecting the same desired refractive index profile for GRIN optical elements forming the same annular ring. The modeling step may include selecting different desired refractive index profiles for GRIN optical elements that are part of different annular rings. The modeling step may include selecting a desired refractive index for each of the at least one GRIN optical element such that GRIN optical elements positioned at the same radial distance from the film axis have the same desired refractive index profile. The modeling step may include selecting a desired refractive index profile for each of the at least one GRIN optical element such that GRIN optical elements positioned at a relatively greater distance from the film axis have a more asymmetric desired refractive index profile. Alternatively, the modeling step may include selecting a desired refractive index profile for each of the at least one GRIN optical element such that GRIN optical elements positioned at a relatively large distance from the film axis have a more symmetrical desired refractive index profile.

[0098] The method may include exposing the film to light from a DLP while using a grayscale image and / or a digital light projection intensity map to control the projection of light across the film onto the light exposure. The method may include waiting for a minimum development time for the film. After waiting for the minimum development time for the film, the method may include flood curing or flood exposing the film using a DLP system or a UV oven.

[0099] The DLP system may include optical components that produce a nonlinear intensity response. The method may include determining whether a significant nonlinear response exists for any pixel or across pixels. If a significant nonlinear response exists, the method may include applying a digital light projection intensity map to take the nonlinear response into account.

[0100] The desired refractive index profile for each of the at least one GRIN optical element can produce a photo-cured GRIN optical element having a diameter between about 1 μm and 5.0 mm. The modeled refractive index profile can be configured to produce the at least one photo-cured GRIN optical element having a diameter between about 1 μm and 5.0 mm. The modeled refractive index profile can be optimized or iteratively optimized to produce the at least one photo-cured GRIN optical element having a diameter between about 1 μm and 5.0 mm. The desired refractive index profile for each of the at least one photo-cured GRIN optical element can produce a volume of 1 μm. 3 ~5mm 3 The desired refractive index profile for each of the at least one photo-cured GRIN optical element may produce a disk-shaped photo-cured GRIN optical element or a spherical photo-cured GRIN optical element having an asymmetric profile in a direction parallel to the surface of the film. The modeled refractive index profile may be optimized or iteratively optimized to produce at least one photo-cured GRIN optical element having any of the characteristics described above.

[0101] FIG. 1A is a schematic plan view of a film 1 that can be applied to an ophthalmic lens, including multiple photo-cured GRIN optics 7a, 7b with asymmetric refractive index profiles, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The GRIN optics 7a, 7b are arranged in concentric circles 9a, 9b (the dashed lines 9a, 9b are provided as guides for the eye and do not represent structural features of the film 1). The centers of the concentric circles lie on the film axis 3, which extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane of the film 1. FIG. 1B is a plan view of one of the GRIN optics 7a of the film 1 shown in FIG. 1A, and FIG. 1C shows the same optic 7a in a perspective view. Each of the GRIN optics 7a, 7b is substantially cylindrical in shape and has an elliptical cross-section when viewed in a plane parallel to the surface of the film 1. Each of the GRIN optical elements 7a, 7b has a refractive index profile that varies both radially and laterally in a plane perpendicular to the cylindrical axis of the optical element 7a, i.e., in a plane parallel to the surface of the film 1, resulting in an asymmetric refractive index profile across the optical elements 7a, 7b. The refractive index across the surface of the optical elements 7a, 7b in a plane perpendicular to the cylindrical axis of the optical element 7a varies radially outward from a point "X" in a plane parallel to the front surface of the film 1 and in a direction indicated by an arrow "Y" parallel to the front surface of the film 1. The refractive index profile is constant (i.e., does not vary) in a direction "Z" (see FIG. 1C) parallel to the cylindrical axis of the optical element 7a. The refractive index variation exhibits an asymmetric profile 22 in the direction "Y," as shown in FIG. 1D.

[0102] The GRIN optical elements 7a forming the inner circle 9a all have the same refractive index profile (as shown in FIGS. 1B and 1C) and are all positioned the same radial distance from the film axis 3. FIG. 1E is a cross-sectional view of the film axis 1 of FIG. 1A after it has been applied to the lens 5. The film axis 3 is aligned with the optical axis 2 of the lens 5. Because the GRIN optical elements 7a have an asymmetric refractive index profile, when the film 1 is applied to the lens 5, the local optical axis of the GRIN optical element 7a is tilted relative to the optical axis 2 of the lens 5. Light from a distant point source on the optical axis 2 of the lens 5 (hereinafter referred to as the on-axis distant point source) that passes through a region of the film 1 having the base refractive index is focused to a spot 11 on the optical axis 2. Light from the on-axis distant point source that passes through the GRIN optical element 7a is focused away from the light source 2 on the lens 5. Light from an on-axis distant point source that passes through the GRIN optics 7a forming the inner ring 9a will form rings of foci 15a, 15b at focal plane 17. When lens 5 is worn by a lens wearer, the GRIN optics 7a forming the inner ring 9a focus the light from the on-axis distant point source toward add focal plane 17, which is located closer to the posterior surface of lens 5 (i.e., away from the retina or closer to the cornea) compared to the base power focal plane. The local optical axis of each of the GRIN optics 7a intersects with the optical axis 2 of lens 5, and light rays from the on-axis distant point source that pass through the GRIN optics 7a forming the inner ring 9a are directed such that a small spot size of unfocused light is produced at base power surface 13. This can improve the quality of the image produced at the lens wearer's retina.

[0103] All of the GRIN optical elements 7b forming the outer ring 9b exhibit the same refractive index change as the GRIN optical elements 7a forming the inner ring 9a (as shown in Figures 1A and 1E). All of the GRIN optical elements 7b forming the outer ring 9a are positioned at the same radial distance from the optical axis 2 and film axis 3 of the lens 5, and at a greater distance from the optical axis 2 and film axis 3 than the GRIN optical elements 7a forming the inner ring 9a.

[0104] The GRIN optical element 7b has a local optical axis that focuses light from an on-axis, distant point source to form ring foci 19a and 19b (shown in FIG. 1E). The ring foci 19a and 19b have larger radii than the ring foci 15a and 15b formed from light passing through the inner ring 9a of the GRIN optical element 7a. The refractive index profile of the GRIN optical element 7b forming the outer ring 9b is identical to the refractive index profile of the GRIN optical element 7b forming the inner ring 9a. When the lens 5 is worn by a wearer, the GRIN optical element 7b forming the outer ring 9b focuses light toward the same add focal plane 17 as the GRIN optical element 7a forming the inner ring 9a. The local optical axis of each of the GRIN optics 7b intersects with the optical axis 2 and the membrane axis 3 of the lens 5, and light rays from an on-axis distant point source passing through the GRIN optics 7b forming the outer ring 9b are directed to form a small spot size of unfocused light at the base power surface 13. This can improve the quality of the image produced at the lens wearer's retina.

[0105] FIG. 2A is a schematic plan view of a coating 101 that can be applied to an ophthalmic lens having a plurality of light-cured GRIN optical elements 107a, 107b with asymmetric refractive index profiles, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0106] The GRIN optical elements 107a, 107b are arranged in concentric circles 109a, 109b (the dashed lines 109a, 109b are provided as guides to the eye and do not represent structural features of the membrane 101). The concentric circles are centered on the membrane axis 103, which extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane of the membrane 101. Figure 2 shows a plan view of one of the GRIN optical elements 107a that form the inner circle 109a of the GRIN optical element of the membrane shown in Figure 2A, and Figure 2C shows the same optical element 107a in perspective view.

[0107] FIG. 2D is a plan view of one of the GRIN optical elements 107b that form the outer circle 109b of GRIN optical elements of film 101 shown in FIG. 2A, and FIG. 2E shows this same optical element 107b in perspective view.

[0108] The GRIN optical elements 107a forming the inner ring 109a all have the same asymmetric refractive index profile. The GRIN optical elements 107b forming the outer ring 109b also all exhibit the same refractive index variation, but these optical elements 107b have a different refractive index profile than the GRIN optical elements 107a forming the inner ring 109a. Each of the GRIN optical elements 107a, 107b is substantially cylindrical in shape with an elliptical cross section in a plane parallel to the surface of the film 101. Each of the GRIN optical elements 107a, 107b has a refractive index profile that varies both radially and transversely in a plane perpendicular to the cylindrical axis of the optical elements 107a, 107b, i.e., parallel to the surface of the film 101, resulting in an asymmetric refractive index profile across the optical elements 107a, 107b. As shown in Figures 2C and 2E, the refractive index across the surfaces of optical elements 107a and 107b varies in a plane perpendicular to the cylindrical axes of optical elements 107a and 107b, and also varies across the plane parallel to the front surface of film 101, radially outward from point "X" in a plane parallel to the front surface of film 101, in the direction indicated by arrow "Y." The refractive index profile is constant (i.e., does not change) in direction "Z," parallel to the cylindrical axis of optical element 107a. The refractive index variation in direction "Y" for both optical elements is shown in Figure 2F. Profile 122a for element 107a, which is part of inner circle 109a, is shown in dashed line, and profile 122b for element 107b, which is part of outer circle 109b, is shown in broken line.

[0109] Figure 2G shows a cross-sectional view of the film 101 of Figure 2A deposited on a lens 105. The film axis 103 (dash-dotted line) is aligned with the optical axis 102 (dashed line) of the lens 105. Light from a distant point source on the optical axis 102 of the lens 105 that passes through a region of the film 101 having the base refractive index is focused to a spot 111 on the optical axis 102.

[0110] Because the GRIN optics 107a (see FIG. 2A) that make up part of inner circle 109a all have the same asymmetric refractive index profile shown in FIGS. 2B, 2C, and 2F and are positioned at the same radial distance from optical axis 102, light from an on-axis distant point source that passes through GRIN optics 107a is focused away from optical axis 102 to form rings of focal points 111a and 111b (shown in FIG. 2G). When lens 101 is worn by a lens wearer, the refractive index profile of GRIN optics 107a results in light from the on-axis distant point source being focused at a lower add power focal surface near the posterior surface of lens 101 compared to base power focal plane 113.

[0111] The GRIN optical elements 107b forming the outer ring 109b also all exhibit the same change in refractive index, but these optical elements 107b have a different refractive index profile than the GRIN optical elements 107a forming the inner ring 109a. The GRIN optical elements 107b forming the outer ring 109b are all positioned at the same radial distance from the optical axis 102 and at a greater radial distance from the optical axis 102 than the GRIN optical elements 107a forming the inner ring 109a. The GRIN optical elements 107b forming the outer ring 109b (see FIG. 2A) have different focal powers compared to the GRIN optical elements 107a forming the inner ring 109a. The local optical axes of the GRIN optical elements 107b forming part of the outer ring 109b are tilted more with respect to the optical axis 102 of the lens 101 than the local optical axes of the GRIN optical elements 107a forming part of the inner ring 109a. Light from an on-axis, distant point source passing through GRIN optic 107b, which forms outer ring 109b, is focused to form ring foci 119a, 119b, which have larger radii than ring foci 115a, 115b produced by light passing through inner ring 109a of GRIN optic 107a, and light passing through outer ring GRIN optic 107b is focused to an off-axis point on high add focal surface 123, which is located closer to the back surface of lens 101 than base focal plane 113 and closer to the back surface of lens 101 than low add focal surface 117.

[0112] FIG. 3A is a schematic plan view of another film 201 that can be applied to an ophthalmic lens including multiple light-cured GRIN optics 207 with an asymmetric refractive index profile, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The base refractive index of the film 201 is uniform, and the film 201 has a uniform thickness. The film 201 includes multiple GRIN optics 207 arranged in a random pattern across a central region of the film 201. A peripheral region 204 of the film 201 is free of GRIN optics. The GRIN optics 207 have a circular cross section in the plane of the film 201 and an asymmetric refractive index profile that varies continuously in the circumferential direction (the direction of arrow "W" shown in FIGS. 3B and 3C) and the radial direction. The asymmetric change in refractive index exists in a plane perpendicular to the film axis 203. The film axis 203 is located at the radial midpoint of the film 201. The asymmetric refractive index change for the optics 207 in the direction "W" is shown in FIG. 3C by curve 222. All of the GRIN optical elements 207 exhibit the same change in refractive index as shown in FIGS. 3B and 2, but are positioned at different radial distances from the film axis 203.

[0113] Figure 3B is a plan view of GRIN optical element 207 of film 201 shown in Figures 2A and 2B. GRIN optical element 207 has a circular cross-section and an asymmetric refractive index profile that varies circumferentially and radially, as indicated by arrow "W." The refractive index profile in the direction of arrow "W" along the dashed curve shown in Figure 3B is plotted as curve 222 in Figure 3C.

[0114] FIG. 3D shows the coating 201 of FIG. 3A deposited on a lens 205. The coating 201 covers the front surface of the lens 205. Light from an on-axis, distant point source that passes through a region of the coating 201 having the base refractive index is focused to a spot 211 on the optical axis 202 of the lens 205. The optical axis 202 (dashed line) of the lens 205 is coincident with the coating axis 203 (dash-dotted line). The spot 211 is located on the base power focal surface 213. The GRIN optics 207 all have the same change in refractive index as shown in FIGS. 3B and 3C, but are positioned at different radial distances from the optical axis 202. Because the GRIN optics 207 have an asymmetric refractive index profile, light from an on-axis, distant point source that passes through the GRIN optics 207 is focused away from the optical axis 202. When the lens 205 is worn by a wearer, the GRIN optic 207 focuses light toward an off-axis focal point on an add focal surface 217 located near the back surface of the lens 211 compared to the base focal surface 213, as shown in FIG. 3D.

[0115] 4 is a front view of a pair of eyeglasses 325 containing two lenses 305. Each lens 305 is centered on an optical axis 302 and has a coating 301 on its front surface. The base refractive index of the coating 301 is uniform, and the coating 301 has a uniform thickness. The coating 301 covers the front surface of the lens 305. Light from an on-axis, distant point source that passes through the coating 301 is focused to a spot on the optical axis 302 of the lens 305 at the base power focal plane (not shown).

[0116] The films 301 are arranged in concentric circles 309a, 309b (the dashed lines 309a, 309b are provided as guides for the eye and do not represent structural features of the films 301). Each of the GRIN optical elements 307a, 307b has a refractive index profile that varies both radially and laterally across the optical element 307a, 307b parallel to the plane of the film 301, resulting in an asymmetric profile. All of the GRIN optical elements 307a forming the inner circle 309a exhibit the same variation in refractive index and are all positioned the same radial distance from the optical axis 302 of the lens 305. Because the GRIN optical elements 307a have an asymmetric refractive index profile, light from an on-axis, distant point source passing through the GRIN optical element 307a will be focused away from the optical axis 302. The GRIN optical elements 307a are arranged in a circle with the center located on the optical axis 302 of each lens 301, and light from an on-axis distant point source passing through the GRIN optical elements 307a forming the inner ring 309a forms a ring of focus.

[0117] The GRIN optical elements 307b forming the outer ring 309b also all exhibit the same refractive index profile, but these optical elements 307b exhibit a different refractive index profile than the GRIN optical elements 307a forming the inner ring 309b. The GRIN optical elements 307b forming the outer ring 309b are all positioned at the same radial distance from the optical axis 302 of the lens, but at a greater distance from the optical axis 302 than the GRIN optical elements 307a forming the inner ring 309a. Light from an on-axis, distant point source passing through the GRIN optical elements 307b forming the outer ring 309b forms a focal ring. This focal ring has a larger radius than the focal ring produced by light passing through the inner ring 309a of the GRIN optical element 307a. The refractive index profile of the GRIN optical elements 307b forming the outer ring 309b is different from the refractive index profile of the GRIN optical elements 307a forming the inner ring 309a. When lens 305 is worn by a wearer, light passing through GRIN optics 307a forming inner ring 309a is focused to a point on a first focal plane, and light passing through GRIN optics 307b forming outer ring 309b is focused to a point on a different second focal plane. When lens 305 is worn by a lens wearer, both the first and second focal planes are located closer to the posterior surface of lens 305 than the base power focal plane.

[0118] 5A is a schematic plan view of another membrane 401 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The membrane 401 is made of Bayfol® HX membrane, which is 500 mm 2The film 401 is cut into a circular shape with an area of ​​100 nm. The film has a base refractive index and a constant thickness. The film 401 is formed by photocuring and has a plurality of GRIN optical elements 407 randomly distributed across the film 401. Each GRIN optical element 407 has a circular cross-section when viewed in a plane of the film and a refractive index profile that varies asymmetrically in the circumferential direction. Some of the GRIN optical elements 407 have different asymmetric refractive index profiles. FIG. 5B shows a cross-section of a small portion of the film 401 of FIG. 5A applied to a substrate 405 in the form of a contact lens 405. The GRIN optical elements 407 penetrate the thickness of the film 401. The lens 405 is centered on an optical axis 402, which extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane of the film 401. Light from an on-axis, distant point source that passes through a portion of the film 401 having the base refractive index is focused to a spot on the optical axis 402. Because GRIN optical elements 402 have asymmetric refractive index profiles, the local optical axis of each GRIN optical element 407 is tilted with respect to the optical axis 402 of lens 405. As a result, light from an on-axis, distant point source that passes through each GRIN optical element 407 is focused to an off-axis focal point. Because different GRIN optical elements 407 have different asymmetric refractive index profiles, the local optical axes of optical elements 407 may be tilted by different amounts, and GRIN optical elements 407 may have different focusing powers.

[0119] 6 is a flow diagram illustrating a method 1000 of manufacturing a film according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. In a first step 1003, a photo-curable film is provided. In a second step 1005, at least one region of the film is photo-cured using a digital light projection system, thereby producing at least one photo-cured gradient index optical element having an asymmetric refractive index profile.

[0120] While the present invention has been described and illustrated with reference to specific embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be embodied in many different variations not specifically described herein. Only certain possible variations will now be described, and these are by way of example only.

[0121] In the exemplary embodiments of the present invention described above, each GRIN optical element has a refractive index profile that results in a focal power that is higher than the base refractive index of the lens. In other exemplary embodiments, the GRIN optical element may have a refractive index profile that results in a focal power that is lower than the base refractive index of the lens.

[0122] In the foregoing description, reference has been made to integers or elements having known, obvious, or foreseeable equivalents, and such equivalents are hereby incorporated by reference as if individually set forth. Reference should be made to the following claims, which define the true scope of the invention, which should be deemed to include any such equivalents. The reader will also understand that any integers or features of the present disclosure described as advantageous, convenient, or the like are optional and do not limit the scope of any independent claim. Furthermore, it should be understood that, while considered beneficial in some embodiments of the invention, such optional integers or features may not be desirable and, therefore, may not be recited in other embodiments.

Claims

1. 1. A coating applicable to an ophthalmic lens, the coating having a base refractive index and including at least one gradient index optical element having an asymmetric refractive index profile.

2. The film of claim 1 , comprising a plurality of said gradient index optical elements randomly distributed throughout said film.

3. The film of claim 1 or 2, wherein at least two of the gradient index optical elements have the same asymmetric refractive index profile.

4. The film of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least two of the gradient index optical elements have asymmetric refractive index profiles that differ from one another.

5. 5. The film of claim 2, comprising a plurality of gradient index optical elements arranged to form at least one annular ring, the at least one annular ring having a center located on a film axis extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane of the film.

6. The membrane of claim 5 , comprising a plurality of gradient index optical elements arranged to form at least two concentric annular rings, said concentric annular rings having centers located on said membrane axis.

7. 7. The film of claim 5 or 6, wherein gradient index optical elements that are part of the same annular ring have the same refractive index profile.

8. 8. The film of claim 1, wherein the gradient index optical elements forming the first annular ring have a first refractive index profile and the gradient index optical elements forming the second annular ring have a second refractive index profile different from the first.

9. 9. The film of claim 1, wherein each of the at least one gradient index optical element has a diameter or width of 1 μm to 5 mm.

10. The film of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the gradient index optical element occupies between 20% and 80% of the surface area of ​​the film.

11. The film of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the film is a photopolymer film and each of the at least one gradient index optical element is a photocured gradient index optical element.

12. The film of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein each of the at least one gradient index optical element has a refractive index profile defined by an asymmetric polynomial function.

13. The membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 12, having a thickness of 1 μm to 70 μm.

14. The film of any one of claims 1 to 13, further comprising an adhesive surface for attaching the film to an ophthalmic lens.

15. The film of any one of claims 1 to 14, further comprising a substrate configured to provide a protective layer when the film is applied to a surface of an ophthalmic lens.

16. 16. A film according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein incoming light from a distant point source incident on the at least one gradient index optical element in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane of the film is focused in a direction that is not perpendicular to the plane of the film.

17. 17. The film of any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the film is configurable on a surface of a lens such that light from a distant point source on the optical axis of the lens that passes through a region of the film having the base refractive index is focused towards a point on the optical axis of the lens, and light from a distant point source on the optical axis of the lens that passes through the at least one gradient refractive index optical element is focused towards a point at a first distance from the optical axis.

18. 18. A film according to any one of claims 1 to 17, comprising at least one annular ring of gradient refractive index optical elements, the film being configurable on a surface of a lens such that light from a distant point source on the optical axis of the lens that passes through a region of the film having the base refractive index is focused towards a point on the optical axis of the lens, and light from a distant point source on the optical axis of the lens that passes through the at least one annular ring of gradient refractive index optical elements forms an annular ring of focal points at a focal plane.

19. An ophthalmic lens comprising a coating according to any one of claims 1 to 18.

20. 20. The ophthalmic lens of claim 19, wherein the ophthalmic lens is a spectacle lens.

21. 20. The ophthalmic lens of claim 19, wherein the ophthalmic lens is a contact lens.

22. 20. A pair of spectacles comprising an ophthalmic lens according to claim 19.

23. A method for producing a membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 22, said method comprising the steps of: providing a photocurable film; photo-curing at least one region of the film using a digital light projection system, thereby creating at least one photo-cured gradient index optical element having an asymmetric refractive index profile.

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