Stator for an electric motor or generator, in particular for an external rotor motor

Abstract

The stator has a ring region from which teeth (1-12) protrude. Each tooth has an arm (4) extending from the ring region (3). The arm (4) has a web (5) extending across the arm at its free end and supporting at least one winding. The winding has at least one coil (SP1) wound with a winding wire (43) and is housed in a winding space (54, 55) extending from the ring region. The winding space (54, 55) is divided into continuous winding sections arranged on the arm (4) by at least one dividing web (14, 15). Using the dividing web (14, 15), each winding space section (54, 55) can be adapted to the wire diameter and number of windings, so that the wire start and end can be located in the ring region radially inside the stator.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a stator for an electric motor or generator, in particular for an external rotor motor, according to the preamble of claim 1 . [Background technology]

[0002] Stator windings are frequently made using the so-called orthocyclic winding process. For this purpose, the first layer of the coil is wound so that each turn crosses the axis orthogonally, i.e., at a right angle, over most of its circumference. A problem with the orthocyclic windings used to date, particularly with adjacent teeth wound in contact and with coils wound one above the other, is that in external rotor motors, the wire start and end are intended to be in the area of ​​the inner diameter for the purpose of contact. However, this is not possible for all desired combinations of wire diameter and number of turns, since, for example, the last turn is in the center of the tooth and extends radially from the inside to the outside in the most unfavorable winding direction, which can cause the winding to pull back and create loose wire. This can cause problems during further winding or later in the stator's use.

[0003] A further problem is the lack of space in the radially inner region for the wire or winding needles required for winding: the intermediate spaces between adjacent teeth of the stator taper radially inward, so there is less space for windings in the radially inner ring region than at the radially outer side.

[0004] If the winding is further led from one tooth to another, the final winding of the winding must be within the radially inner ring region so that it can be wound around the adjacent tooth after the wire transition to that tooth.

[0005] It is known to influence the position of the wire termination by placing the start of the winding in a more favorable position through slots in the end face of an insulating element such as an insulating washer, but if there are too many turns, a new layer must be started in the winding process, meaning there is insufficient space for the winding or winding needle when the coil is wound on top of the first coil. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] The invention is based on the object of designing a generic stator in such a way that a simple and reliable winding process can be realized. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] This object is solved according to the invention by a generic stator having the features of claim 1.

[0008] In the stator according to the invention, the winding space is divided by at least one dividing web into a plurality of continuous winding space sections provided on the arm of a tooth. Using the dividing web, each winding space section can be adapted to the wire diameter and number of turns so that the wire start and end can be provided in the radially inner ring region of the stator. As a result of the design according to the invention, it is also possible to provide the transition of the winding from one tooth to another in the radially inner ring region. The dividing web allows an appropriate distribution of the turns to be achieved so that, depending on the winding diameter and number of turns, the wire end and start are located in the ring region and the wire transition from one tooth to another can occur in this region.

[0009] The dividing webs are advantageously applied to the upper and lower surfaces of the stator teeth, thus ensuring a perfect winding process of the stator teeth.

[0010] In one advantageous embodiment, the dividing webs are arranged so that the winding space sections have different lengths. The radially outer winding space section may be smaller in the radial direction of the tooth than the radially inner winding space section. Since the distance between adjacent teeth is greater in the region of the radially outer winding space section than in the region of the radially inner winding space section, the radially outer winding space section can be mainly filled with wire windings, and therefore the space in the radially inner winding space section can be used for the wire start and end or for the transition to the next tooth.

[0011] In one advantageous embodiment, at least some of the dividing webs of the teeth have a passage for the winding on the upper or lower surface, via which the winding can be simply guided from one winding space section to another during the winding process.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the guide extends at an oblique angle to the longitudinal direction of the tooth. Therefore, when the winding passes through this passage, the winding extends at a corresponding oblique angle. The so-called laying angle should advantageously be as small as possible so that the winding does not collide with the link bodies that radially define a winding space section or with the teeth in the area of ​​this passage.

[0013] Preferably, the dividing webs are positioned on the teeth so that the ends of the coils or windings are in the ring region.

[0014] To ensure complete winding, in an advantageous development the radially inner winding space section has the circumferential width of the stator so that the number of layers of the coil in this winding space section is even.

[0015] Advantageously, the radially outer winding space section has the circumferential width of the stator so that the number of layers of the coil in this winding space section is a multiple of the layers in the radially inner winding space section, so that it is possible to more easily and reliably guide the winding laterally over the dividing web when creating further layers without adversely affecting the winding.

[0016] Preferably, the thickness of the dividing web with the passages, measured at the base of the dividing web, is an integer multiple of the diameter of the winding. When winding the second coil, especially by orthocyclic winding, such a design advantageously means that the winding can be wound onto the dividing web.

[0017] If at least one link body for deflecting the winding is provided at the free end of the arm of the tooth, this serves for easy guidance of the winding.

[0018] Advantageously, the link body radially defines a radially outer winding space section.

[0019] In order to perfectly guide the windings during the winding process in the region of the link body and / or deflector, they are provided with at least one axial fixing feature, which prevents the windings from slipping axially off the link body and / or deflector during the winding process.

[0020] If the axial fixing elements project laterally from the link body and / or from the deflector body, a secure and complete fixation is achieved in an advantageous manner.

[0021] Advantageously, the dividing webs are part of insulating elements made of non-conductive material and resting on the end faces of the teeth.

[0022] Advantageously, the insulating elements are insulating washers arranged on the end faces of the stator teeth.

[0023] Instead of an insulating washer, a dividing web can be provided as part of the overmold of the stator stack.

[0024] The subject matter of this application arises not only from the subject matter of the individual claims, but also from all information and features disclosed in the drawings and the specification, which information and features are claimed as essential to the invention insofar as they are novel individually or in combination over the prior art, even if they are not the subject matter of the claims.

[0025] Further features of the invention result from the further claims, the description and the drawings.

[0026] The invention will now be explained in more detail using two exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0027] [Figure 1] 1 shows a perspective view of the switching side of a stator according to the invention in an unwound state. [Figure 2] 2 shows a perspective view of the underside of the stator according to the invention according to FIG. 1; [Figure 3] 1 shows an enlarged perspective view of a portion of the switching side of a stator according to the invention that is not wound. [Figure 4] 3 shows an enlarged perspective view of a portion of the switching side of a stator according to the invention in another view. [Figure 5] 1 shows a plan view and an enlarged view of a portion of the switching side of a stator according to the invention with the windings of the first coil. [Figure 6] 1 shows an enlarged perspective view of a portion of the underside of a stator according to the present invention showing the beginning and end of a first coil. [Figure 7] 6 shows a representation according to FIG. 5 of the winding process of the stator with the first coil on the switching side. [Figure 8] 8 shows a representation according to FIG. 7 of the turns of the second coil. [Figure 9] 10 shows a perspective view of the wire arrangement of the second coil on the underside of the stator. FIG. [Figure 10]The windings of the second coil on the switching side of the stator are shown. [Figure 11] 1 shows the wire routing on the switching side of the stator. [Figure 12] 1 shows a perspective view of an insulating washer installed for the switching side of a stator according to the invention; [Figure 13] 1 shows a perspective view of an insulating washer installed for the underside of a stator according to the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0028] 1 shows a stator, which may be a component for an electric motor or generator. The stator has a stator stack 1 made of overlapping metal sheets fixedly connected to one another in a known manner, for example by adhesive connection, welding connection, positive-locking connection, etc. The stator stack 1 has a central circular through-hole 2.

[0029] Stator stack 1 has a cylindrical inner ring 3 from which project a plurality of radial arms 4. The arms are evenly distributed around the circumference of stator stack 1 and each includes a circumferentially extending web 5 at its radially outer free end. As shown in FIG. 1, web 5 and arms 4 extend the height of stator stack 1. Web 5 advantageously projects the same distance circumferentially beyond each side of arm 4.

[0030] The arms 4 and the webs 5 are spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction of the stator.

[0031] The arms 4 and webs 5 respectively form the teeth 1 to 12 of the stator, which are wound with windings in a manner not yet described.

[0032] Adjacent arms 4 define a plurality of grooves 6 through which the windings of stator 1 extend in a manner not yet described.

[0033] A plurality of receiving pockets 7 for insulation displacement contacts for contacting the windings protrude axially from the end face of the inner ring 3 visible in FIG.

[0034] The receiving pockets 7 are advantageously located at a distance from one another in the circumferential direction. Each receiving pocket 7 has a circumferentially extending slot-shaped receiving portion 8 (FIG. 3), into which a insulation displacement terminal is inserted. The receiving portion 8 advantageously intersects, over half its length, with a cross-over slot 9, through which the windings extend in a manner not yet described. The receiving portion 8 and the cross-over slot 9 open towards the free end face of the receiving pocket 7. The insulation displacement terminals can thus be inserted axially into the receiving portions 8, where they come into contact with the radially extending windings of the stator stack 1 in a known manner.

[0035] The side on which the receiving pockets 7 are arranged is referred to below as the switching side of the stator, since the contact of the windings occurs at this end face.

[0036] A number of linking bodies 10 project radially from the web 5 at both end faces, which serve to define the winding spaces and support the windings on the stator. The linking bodies 10 serve to guide the windings during wire deflection, if required.

[0037] The links 10 are designed substantially identically and extend circumferentially over almost the entire circumferential width of the web 5 (FIGS. 1 and 2).

[0038] Insulating washers 12, 13 are mounted on both end faces of the stator (Figs. 1, 2, 12, 13) and form a ring space that is bounded radially outward by link bodies 10. On the switching side (Fig. 1), the ring space is bounded radially inward by receiving pockets 7. On the underside (Fig. 2), the ring space is bounded radially inward by guide bodies 11 that are adjacent to each other at a distance around the periphery of the inner ring 3 and that protrude axially from the ring 3.

[0039] The insulating washers 12, 13 electrically insulate the stator stack 1 from the windings. The insulating washers 12, 13 are designed in a known manner so that they cover the end faces of the arms 4 of the stator stack 1, parts of the inner ring 3 and the webs 5. The insulating washers 12, 13 therefore form parts of the arms 4 of the stator.

[0040] The insulating washers 12, 13 shown in Figures 12 and 13 differ slightly in terms of details from the insulating washers 12, 13 shown in Figures 1 to 11. However, the differences are so minor that they will not be discussed in detail.

[0041] A plurality of webs 14, 15 projecting axially from the insulating washers 12, 13 are located on the end faces of the insulating washers 12, 13. The webs 14 extend over the entire circumferential width of the arms 4, 2, while the webs 15 are provided in the region of the radially extending longitudinal sides 16, 17 of the arms 4 and are spaced apart circumferentially. A plurality of passages 18 are formed between the webs 15 (FIG. 2).

[0042] The guide bodies 11 located on the underside of the stator stack 1 are formed by a number of deflection journals projecting axially from the inner ring 3 and are used for routing the connecting wires between adjacent arms 4.

[0043] The webs 14, 15 and the guide body 11 are part of insulating washers 12, 13 attached to both end faces of the stator stack 1 in a known manner.

[0044] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the webs 14, 15 are alternately arranged on the individual arms 4 to form separate winding sections. The webs 14, 15 have a radial distance from the link body 10 and the receiving pocket 7 or guide body 11 (Figures 1 and 2). In this case, the webs 14, 15 have a smaller distance from the link body 10 than from the receiving pocket 7 or guide body 11.

[0045] The webs 14, 15 are advantageously at the same height in the circumferential direction of the stator stack 1.

[0046] In Figure 1, the teeth are numbered 1 through 12. In this example, stator stack 1 has 12 identically designed teeth 1 through 12. Depending on the size / diameter of the stator, stator stack 1 may have a greater or lesser number of teeth.

[0047] The arms 4 of the tooth each have a groove 19 on their longitudinal sides 16, 17 at the transition to their end faces (Fig. 3), which groove extends over the entire radial length of the arm 4. As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, each arm 4 advantageously has this groove 19 on its two longitudinal sides at the transition to its end faces. The grooves 19 are provided on the two insulating washers 12, 13, as is clear from Figs. 12 and 13.

[0048] The grooves 19 have the function of neatly guiding the windings in order to allow orthocyclic guidance in a manner not yet described.

[0049] The windings are deflected at link bodies 10 in a manner not yet described for a four-group parallel connection so that the wire ends of the second coil can be guided from the outside to the inside into the receiving pockets 7 .

[0050] As shown in Figure 3, the receiving pockets 7 are provided with brackets 20 on their rear side facing away from the link body 10. These brackets are designed so that they connect adjacent receiving pockets 7 to one another. The brackets 20 are provided only optionally. They are connected to the receiving pockets 7 in such a way that they do not protrude into the cross slots 9 of the receiving pockets 7, so that the windings can be guided unhindered through the cross slots 9.

[0051] The design and procedure for winding stator stack 1 described below will be explained using teeth 1 and 2. The remaining teeth 3-12 of stator stack 1 are wound in the same manner.

[0052] As shown in Figure 4, a number of insertion slots 21 for the windings are located in the area of ​​the receiving pockets 7. They are located on the side facing the link body 10 and are distributed around the periphery of the stator stack 1. The insertion slots 21 are at the same height as the cross slots 8 of the corresponding receiving pockets 7 (Figures 1 and 4).

[0053] The insertion slot 21 tapers axially from the cross slot 8 and is in the region of the groove 6 between adjacent teeth. The insertion slot 21 has the effect that the winding does not prevent further winding by the winding needle.

[0054] As shown in Figure 4, a guide piece 22 having a triangular profile in the axial direction of the stator stack 1 is installed at the base of one terminal pocket 7. The guide piece 22 rests on the end face of the arm 4 of the tooth 1 and has an axial height, measured circumferentially, that is advantageously constant over its length. The triangular guide piece 22 serves to guide the first winding for orthocyclic installation.

[0055] 1, additional triangular guide pieces 22 are provided along the periphery of the stator stack 1. In the illustrated embodiment, the guide pieces 22 are located on teeth 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 on the switching side and teeth 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 on the underside of the stator stack 1.

[0056] The linking bodies 10 extend in the circumferential direction of the stator stack 1 over almost the entire circumferential length of the webs 5 of the teeth 1 to 12. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the linking bodies 10 are provided in two structural designs, which will be explained in more detail with reference to Figures 4 and 5.

[0057] The winding body 10 of the tooth 2 has a flush end face 23 facing the receiving pocket 7, which end face extends from the web 5 of the tooth in the axial direction of the stator stack, advantageously perpendicular to the end face of the web 5 of the tooth 2.

[0058] For half of its circumferential length, the link body 10 is designed to be thicker by providing a protrusion on the rear side 24 facing away from the receiving pocket 7. The link body 10 therefore has a radially thickened central portion 25. It has the same axial height over its circumferential length (FIG. 4) and advantageously has a curved transition to the rear side 24.

[0059] The side portions 26, 27 projecting circumferentially beyond the central portion 25 gradually decrease in axial height outwards so that the end faces 28 of the link bodies 10 join obliquely with the end faces 29 of the tooth webs 5.

[0060] The thin side portions 26, 27 are each reinforced on the rear side 24 by a rib 30 that projects laterally from the end face 29 of the web 5. The rib is advantageously designed integrally with the link body 10 and the insulating washer 12. Advantageously, the rib 30 is located approximately halfway across the width of the side portions 26, 27. The ribs 30 are designed such that they do not project axially beyond the side portions 26, 27 of the link body 10 and are advantageously at an axial distance from the end face 28 of the link body 10.

[0061] The described development of the link body 10 is provided on the teeth 2, 4, 6 of the stator stack 1 (FIG. 1).

[0062] The link body 10 facing the other teeth 1, 3, 5 has a structure similar to that of the link body 10 described above. The difference is essentially that the deflecting element 31 is located on the end face 28' of the central portion 25. The deflecting element has essentially the same external shape as the central portion 25, but it is radially narrower than the central portion 25. The end face 32 of the deflecting element 31 facing the receiving pocket 7 is in the same plane as the end face 23 of the link body 10 (Fig. 5).

[0063] Opposite the rear side 25' of the central part 25, the rear side 33 of the deflection element 31 is radially recessed. A projection 34 protrudes from the rear side 33 at an axial distance from the end face 28' of the central part 25. A passage 35 (FIG. 4) for the windings is thus formed at this location.

[0064] The free end face 36 of the projection 34 is located on the rear side 25' of the central portion 25 when viewed in the axial direction (FIG. 5).

[0065] As shown in Figure 6, the link body 10 is identically designed on the underside of the stator stack 1. However, the arrangement of the differently designed winding body is different on the switching side.

[0066] 5 and 6 shows that tooth 1 has, on the switching side (FIG. 5), a link body 10 with a deflection element 31. On the underside, tooth 1 is arranged with a link body 10 without a deflection element 31. Thus, tooth 2 with a link body 10 with a deflection element 31 is provided on the underside, while tooth 2 has, on the switching side (FIG. 5), a link body 10 without a deflection element.

[0067] On both the switching side (FIG. 5) and the underside (FIG. 6), differently designed link bodies 10 are alternately positioned in the circumferential direction. This design on the switching side and on the underside of the stator is particularly clear from FIGS. 12 and 13. On the switching side (FIG. 12), teeth 2, 4, 6, ... are provided with dividing webs 14 on the underside (FIG. 13) at teeth 1, 3, 5, ... Correspondingly, dividing webs 15 are provided on the switching side at teeth 1, 3, 5, ... (FIG. 12) and on the underside at teeth 2, 4, 6, ... (FIG. 13).

[0068] The deflection element 31 is advantageously designed integrally with the link body 10, which is designed identically to the link body 10 without the deflection element 31 in addition.

[0069] The link body 10 with the projections 34 forms a plurality of hooks which, when the ends of the wires are guided inwardly into the corresponding receiving pockets 7, prevent the windings from slipping out upwards when the windings are deflected.

[0070] The link body 10 on the underside of the stator stack 1 is opposite a guide body 11, which will be explained in more detail using FIG.

[0071] The guide body 11 has two deflection journals 37 protruding axially from the inner ring 3. They are spaced apart circumferentially and connected to each other by a web 38, which has a lower axial height than the two deflection journals 37. The web 38 has an end face recess 39 adjacent to one of the deflection journals 37. The recess is at the same height as the corresponding groove 6 between the adjacent teeth 1, 2.

[0072] A further recess 39 is located outside one deflection journal 37 at the same height as the next groove 6. Thus, two recesses 39 are at the same height as the adjacent groove 6.

[0073] One deflection journal 37 is located at the level of tooth 1, whereas the adjacent deflection journal 37 of the guide body 11 is provided in the region of the groove 6 between two teeth 1,2.

[0074] As shown in FIG. 2, the guide bodies 11 are arranged successively at a distance in the circumferential direction and each include two deflection journals 37 .

[0075] The guide body 11 is spaced apart, as viewed in the axial direction, from the inner wall 40 of the inner ring 3. Its front side 41 (FIG. 6) facing the link body 10 is advantageously flush with the outer side 42 of the inner ring 3.

[0076] The guide body 11 may also be provided with projections 34 (FIG. 13), which likewise prevent axial slippage of the windings.

[0077] As shown in particular in FIGS. 12 and 13, the protrusions 34 of the link body 10 and the guide body 11 are alternately arranged obliquely with respect to the circumferential direction of the stator.

[0078] In Figure 5, the circle shows the winding 43 of the first coil SP1 in cross section. The arrows indicate the winding direction on the switching side of the stator stack. The winding is inserted radially from the inside at tooth 1 level through the cross slot 9 of one receiving pocket 7. The starting point of the winding process is marked 51.

[0079] On the switching side of the stator stack 1 (FIG. 5), the winding 43 is guided along a triangular guide piece 22 obliquely relative to the radially extending longitudinal axis of the arm 4 of the tooth 1. This is indicated by the arrow 52 in FIG.

[0080] The windings 43 are guided downwards from the changeover side along the respective longitudinal sides 16, 17 to the underside of the tooth 1. At the underside of the tooth 1, there are no triangular guide pieces, so the windings 43 run perpendicular to the radial longitudinal axis of the arm 4 of the tooth 1 at the underside of the stator stack.

[0081] The grooves 19 on both the switching side and the underside of the stator stack ensure complete winding of the winding 43, which engages with the first winding layer WL1 at the grooves 19.

[0082] Once the winding 43 is in the region of the web 15 on the changeover side, the winding 43 is guided through the passage 18 between the two webs 15 (arrow 53).

[0083] In this way, the winding 43 passes from the winding space 54 into the winding space 55. The winding space 54 is located between the terminal pocket 7 and the web 15 and is advantageously longer in the radial direction of the tooth 1 than the winding space 55 between the web 15 and the end face 23 of the link body 10.

[0084] Since the grooves 19 are provided in both winding spaces 54, 55, complete winding is guaranteed in the two winding spaces 54, 55.

[0085] When passing from winding space 54 through passage 18 to winding space 55, the winding 43 on the changeover side extends at a larger angle relative to the radial longitudinal axis of arm 4. The extension of the winding as it passes through passage 18 is labeled 53.

[0086] Since the transition from winding space 54 to winding space 55 occurs on the changeover side of the stator stack in the manner described above, an interrupted web design is not necessary on the underside of stator stack 1 in the area of ​​tooth 1. Accordingly, a continuous web 14 (FIG. 6) is provided on tooth 1 on the underside instead of two webs 15.

[0087] Inside the winding space 55, the winding process occurs in the winding direction 52 until the first layer of windings is formed in the winding space 55. The formation of the next layer in the winding space 55 begins with the next winding process (arrow 56). In the illustrated embodiment, four layers WL1 to WL4 are formed in the winding space 55.

[0088] The two webs 15 on the changeover side of the stator stack 1 are so wide in the circumferential direction that the four layers WL1-WL4 of the first coil SP1 are radially fixed in the winding space 55. The winding layers are also radially fixed by webs 14 on the underside and by webs 14 on the underside of the stator stack 1 (FIG. 6).

[0089] The winding of the last layer WL4 of the winding space 55 is again returned from the radially outer side to the radially inner side through the passage 18 between the two webs 15 on the changeover side of the stator stack 1. The winding direction 57 also runs obliquely to the radial longitudinal direction of the arm 4 of tooth 1. In this case, the winding direction 57 is located obliquely opposite the winding direction 52. During this winding phase, the winding is performed from the radially outer side to the radially inner side. For example, after the winding has passed through the passage 18, the second layer WL2 is formed in the winding space 54. As soon as the second layer WL2 of the coil SP1 is formed in the winding space 54 in the area of ​​the receiving pocket 7, the winding is guided to tooth 2 on the underside of the stator stack 1. This is indicated by the dashed line 58. Tooth 2 is then wound in the same way as tooth 1. The starting point 51 on tooth 2 coincides with the starting point 51 on tooth 1, but the starting point 51 on tooth 2 is not located on the changeover side but rather on the underside.

[0090] The web 15 is advantageously designed so that the windings 43 can be guided laterally (sideways) on the web 15 as they pass through the passage 18. For this purpose, the webs 15 are provided on their two outer sides with correspondingly obliquely extending guide surfaces 59, 60 (FIG. 6), on which the windings 43 can be guided as they pass through the passage 18.

[0091] The end of the coil SP1 at tooth 1 is guided in the manner described above onto the underside of the stator stack 1, where it is guided by the deflection journal 37 onto tooth 2. As can be seen from FIG. 6, the winding 43 is guided onto tooth 2 on its rear side, away from the link body 10. The winding process then takes place at the starting point 51 on tooth 2 to form the first coil SP1.

[0092] As in FIG. 5, the turns are not shown for clarity.

[0093] Starting from the starting point 51, the winding 43 is guided along a triangular guide piece 22 on the underside of the stator stack 1, obliquely to the radial longitudinal direction of the arm 4 of the tooth 2. The guide piece 22 is provided in this case on the front side 61 of the guide body 11 facing the link body 10. Advantageously, the guide piece 22 is designed integrally with the guide body 11. The guide piece 22 is located on the upper surface of the arm 4, so that the winding can be reliably guided to the underside of the stator stack 1.

[0094] On the underside of the tooth 2, two webs 15 are provided adjacent to the link body 10, separating two winding spaces 54, 55. In this case, the winding space 54 is provided between the guide body 11 and the webs 15, and the winding space 55 is provided between the webs 15 and the link body 10.

[0095] The winding process for tooth 2 is carried out in the same way as for tooth 1. The winding direction is, as mentioned above, oblique to the radial longitudinal axis of the arm 4 of tooth 2. The winding space 54 between the two webs 15 and the guide body 11 or the winding space 55 between the web 15 and the link body 10 is filled by wire layers WL1, WL2 in the manner mentioned above. The winding 43 is guided through the passage 18 between the two webs 15 during the winding process. The last turn of the winding 43 is indicated by arrows 57, 62, and the end of the winding is guided again through the corresponding receiving pocket 7 to the changeover side (FIG. 5).

[0096] 7 shows the winding process for making a first coil SP1 using two teeth 1 and 2. The winding direction for tooth 2 is opposite to that for tooth 1, as indicated by the arrows. Tooth 2 is provided with a continuous web 14 on its changeover side, while as shown in FIG. 6, it has two webs 15 on its underside (not shown). In the case of tooth 1, by comparison, the continuous web is located on the underside, while two webs 15 with passages 18 are provided on the changeover side shown.

[0097] As illustrated in Figure 5, the continuous web 14 results in parallel windings of the wire perpendicular to the radial longitudinal direction of the arm 4. In contrast, the web 15 ensures that the windings run obliquely to the radial longitudinal direction of the arm 4.

[0098] The winding process is performed from the radially inner region of the arm 4 to the radially outer region on both teeth 1 and 2. The winding process is then performed from the radially outer region to the radially inner region. The end point 63 of the winding process on tooth 1 is located immediately adjacent to the respective receiving pocket 7. The wire is guided from the end point 63 on the underside of tooth 1 along the trajectory 58 to the start point 51 on the underside of tooth 2 in the manner described above. The winding process on tooth 2 is performed in the same way as the winding process on tooth 1.

[0099] At the end point 63' of the first coil SP1 of tooth 2, the winding 43 is guided radially inward through the intersecting slot 9 of the receiving pocket 7.

[0100] 8-11 will be used to describe how the second coil SP2 is attached to teeth 1 and 2 during the winding process. The first coil SP1 is wound around teeth 1 and 2 in the manner described above. The process of winding the second coil SP2 around tooth 2 begins at the receiving pocket 7 on the changeover side of the stator stack 1 (FIG. 8). The winding process to create the second coil SP2 begins at a starting point 64 adjacent to the receiving pocket 7. The winding of the wire 43 is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the arm 4 of tooth 2. The winding direction is indicated by 65.

[0101] The winding process is carried out on the changeover side of the stator stack 1 up to the continuous web 14. At the last turn 66 before the web 14, the winding is moved back and forth from the web 14 in the longitudinal direction of the arm 4, as identified by the movement path 67, to create the second coil SP2. The desired number of layers WL1a-WL7a are added to the first coil SP1 by this back and forth serpentine winding. Eventually, the layers WL1a-WL7a of the second coil SP2 are created up to the link 10.

[0102] In the illustrated embodiment, the second coil SP2 is wound such that it extends over a portion of its radial length into the winding space 54, while covering its entire radial width in the winding space 55. At an end point 68 at the connector 10, the second coil SP2 of tooth 2 is completed. The winding is then guided along a trajectory 69 on the underside of tooth 2 to a start point 70 on the underside of tooth 1. The second coil SP2 of tooth 1 is then wound around tooth 1 in the same manner as tooth 2.

[0103] The winding spaces 54, 55, and therefore the number of possible windings on tooth 1, 2, are determined by the free space 71 for the winding needle between the two teeth 1, 2. This can have the effect that the second coil SP2 does not end radially inward on arm 4, but rather the outer winding has to be returned to the inside via link body 10. This case is shown in FIG. 8. The wire 43 is deflected outward along track 69 on the underside of tooth 2, radially outside the lower winding body, so that it can then be guided radially inward on the underside towards inner ring 3 and from there to tooth 1.

[0104] 9 shows this transition from tooth 2 to tooth 1 on the underside of teeth 1, 2. The wire 43 is first guided in the manner described above to the rear side 24 of the link body 10 facing away from the deflection journal 37. The link body has a deflecting element 31 with a protrusion 34. To ensure a clean deflection of the wire 43, the rear side 24' of the deflecting element 31 facing away from the deflection journal 37 is curved, so that the wire 43 can be deflected radially inward onto the opposing deflection journal 37 without the risk of bending. The protrusion 34 of the deflecting element 31 prevents the wire 43 from lifting off the link body 10 or its deflecting element 38 in this area.

[0105] Likewise, the deflection journal 37 as well as the deflection element 31 may be provided with a protruding lug that prevents the wire 43 from slipping out axially.

[0106] The wire 43 is deflected on a rear side 72 of the deflection journal 37 facing away from the link body 10. Advantageously, the rear side 72 can be provided with a recess for receiving the wire. The recess extends in the circumferential direction of the deflection journal 37. The rear side 72 and, if present, the recess, respectively, transition in a steadily curved manner to a front side 74 of the deflection journal 37 facing away from the link body 10.

[0107] Recesses may be provided in the deflection journal 37 in addition to or instead of protruding projections to prevent the windings 43 from slipping out axially.

[0108] The transition during the winding process takes place from tooth 2 to tooth 1 on its underside by the described deflection by the deflecting element 31 and the deflecting journal 37 .

[0109] 8 and 9, the end of the coil SP2 at tooth 2 is at the radially outer end of the arm 4. By means of the link body 10, the wire is guided radially inward to the deflection journal 37, through which the wire is guided on the underside to tooth 1.

[0110] 10 and 11 show the winding process of the coil SP2 on the changeover side of teeth 1, 2.

[0111] The winding process for the tooth 2 has been described with reference to FIG. 8. The wire 43 is fed from the radially inner side through the intersecting slots 9 of the receiving pocket 7. The starting point 64 of the first layer WL1a of the second coil SP2 is located directly adjacent to the receiving pocket 7. The first layer WL1a is wound in the manner described above into a continuous web 14. In the web 14, the wire is unwound in the longitudinal direction of the arm 4 (orbit 67) to form the second layer WL2a of the second coil SP2. Further layers WL3a to WL7a of the second coil SP2 are then produced by repeatedly winding back and forth as described with reference to FIG. 8. These further layers of the second coil SP2 may have different radial lengths depending on the design of the stator, as shown by way of example, but may also have the same length, for example.

[0112] The layers WL2a to WL7a of the second coil SP2 may also have the same length as the first layer WL1a of the second coil SP2, so the length of the individual layers of the second coil SP2 may be selected according to requirements.

[0113] The winding 43 is then guided along the track 69 onto tooth 1 in the manner described above. This transition takes place on the underside of tooth 2.

[0114] A second coil SP2 is wound on tooth 1 in the same manner as for tooth 2.

[0115] A second coil SP2 having different layers WL1a-WL7a is produced on the tooth 1 in the manner described above. A first layer WL1a of the second coil SP2 extends between the inner ring 3 and the web 15. Further layers WL2a-WL7a of the second coil SP2 are produced by a serpentine back and forth movement of the winding needle along the track 75.

[0116] Once the further layers WL2a-WL7a of the second coil SP2 have been wound, the wire is deflected at the rear side 24 of the link body 10 facing away from the receiving pocket 7 and guided radially inward through the cross slots 9 of the corresponding receiving pocket 7. The winding 43 is guided along the deflecting elements 31 and under the protrusions 34, as will be explained for tooth 2 using FIG.

[0117] The beginning and end of the two coils SP1, SP2 on teeth 1 and 2 are explained using Figure 11. Two coils SP1, SP2 are depicted for tooth 1 in the right half of Figure 10. Tooth 2 has the same coil formation. To form the first coil SP1 on tooth 1, the winding 43 is guided radially from the inside through the intersecting slots 9 of the receiving pocket 7 (starting end 76).

[0118] To wind the second coil SP2 on the tooth 2, the winding is indicated by a starting end 77 and is guided radially from the inside through the intersecting slots 9 of the associated receiving pocket 7.

[0119] 78 denotes the end (termination) of the first coil SP1 at the tooth 2. In this case, the winding is guided radially inward from the outside through the intersecting slots 9 of the radially adjacent receiving pockets 7.

[0120] 79 denotes the end (termination) of the second coil SP2 at tooth 1. In this case too, the winding 43 is guided radially inward from the outside through the intersecting slots 9 of the associated receiving pocket 7. The coil or the individual turns are not shown in FIG. 11 for the sake of clarity.

[0121] In order to position the beginning and end of the first coil SP1 of tooth 1 on the inner diameter in the area of ​​the receiving pocket 7, the combination of wire inner diameter and number of turns must exactly match the available winding space 54, 55. However, since these conditions do not always exist, the webs 14, 15 are arranged so that the end 44 of the first coil SP1 (FIG. 5) is in the inner diameter area, allowing an easy transition to tooth 2 (arrow 58 in FIG. 5).

[0122] The number of layers of the first coil SP1 in the radially inner winding space 54 is ideally even. In the illustrated embodiment, the first coil SP1 has two layers WL1, WL2 in the winding space 54.

[0123] The number of layers in the radially outer winding space 55 is ideally a multiple of the number of layers WL1 to WL4 in the radially inner winding space 54. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, four layers WL1 to WL4 of the first coil SP1 are located in the radially outer winding space 55.

[0124] The angle at which the winding 43 extends through the passage 18 between the webs 15 (FIGS. 5 and 7) should be as small as possible so that the winding 43 to be laid does not collide with the link body 10 or the teeth 1, 2 in the region of the groove slot. In FIG. 8, this angle is labeled α. It relates to the end face 23 of the link body 10, which extends perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the arm 4.

[0125] Since the webs 14, 15 are arranged further radially inward along the arm 4, so that one winding space is wider and the other winding space is narrower, collisions can also be prevented.

[0126] The thickness 79 (FIG. 8) of the web 15 at the web base should be an integer multiple of the diameter of the winding, in which case orthocyclic winding of the second coil SP2 onto the web 15 and the first coil SP1 is possible.

[0127] By dividing the winding spaces 54, 55 by at least one web 14, 15, it is possible, as mentioned above, for the transition of the winding 43 from tooth 1 to tooth 2 to be in the region radially inside the insulating washers 12, 13. The webs 14, 15 can be attached to the end faces and / or laterally to protrude into the end insulating elements of the individual teeth 1 to 12. The end insulating elements can also be formed by the insulating washers 12, 13 or by overmolding the stator stack 1.

[0128] By overmolding, the webs 14, 15 can be provided on the side walls of the overmolded arm 4.

[0129] The winding 43 can be guided radially or obliquely from one winding space to the other through the passage 18 between the two webs 14. The winding 43 can be guided from winding space 54 to winding space 55 (and vice versa), as described above. The webs 15 defining the passage 18 are provided with a plurality of guides in the form of guide surfaces 59, 60, on which the winding 43 can be supported. For orthocyclic winding, the wire guides 59, 60 extend obliquely at an angle α (FIG. 8) to the longitudinal axis of the arms 4 of the teeth 1-12.

[0130] Since more space is available in the radially outer winding spaces 55 around the stator stack 1 than in the radially inner winding spaces 54, the radially outer winding spaces 55 can be primarily filled. Therefore, the smaller spaces in the radially inner winding spaces 54 can be used for wire start and end or for the transition to the next tooth of the winding 43. The filling capacity of the radially inner winding spaces 54 is limited, in particular, by the winding needles, which must move between adjacent teeth during the winding process. The width of the intermediate spaces 71, measured circumferentially, steadily decreases radially inward.

[0131] The described stator is provided for an external rotor motor in which the rotor surrounds the stator. The wire start and end of the contact winding 43 are located in the radially inner area of ​​the electrical insulation. In the described exemplary embodiment, adjacent teeth 1 and 2 are wound continuously by a single winding 43. In the exemplary embodiment, two coils SP1 and SP2 are wound by the winding 43, for example, to allow for parallel connection of the coils. The two coils are wound overlapping each other. The described design results in a complete winding process for stator teeth 1 to 12.

[0132] The described design of the stator stack 1 with the webs 14, 15 allows the stator to be easily and reliably wound for use in an external rotor motor. The winding begins in the radially inner region of the respective insulating washers 12, 13, e.g., in one of the receiving pockets 7. The tooth is then wound from the radially inner to the dividing webs 14, 15 in the region of the first winding space 54. The winding 43 is then guided from the first winding space 54 to the second winding space 55 via the passages 18 between the webs 15. The tooth is then wound from the radially inner to the radially outer region in the region of the second winding space 55 to the link body 10. The link body defines the winding space 55 radially outward and is provided at the radially outer end of the tooth arm 4.

[0133] The winding 43 is then guided radially from the radially outer side to the inside of the second winding space 55. Winding is carried out back and forth around the tooth until the radially outer winding space 55 is completely wound.

[0134] The winding 43 is then guided back through the passage 18 from the second winding space 55 to the first winding space 54. The tooth winding process then takes place from radially outer to radially inner inside the radially inner winding space 54. The winding 43 is then guided radially inner so that it can be contacted in the respective receiving pocket 7, for example using insulation displacement terminals.

[0135] However, in the described exemplary embodiment, the wire is not pulled radially inward for contact but continues to the next tooth to perform the winding process for this next tooth in the radially inner winding space 54. The further tooth is then wound following the same sequence as the preceding tooth.

[0136] As an example, as shown in the drawings, if the webs 14, 15 are designed to end flush with the first coil SP1, it is also possible to wind the second coil SP2 over the first coil SP1 and also over the webs 14, 15. [Explanation of symbols]

[0137] 1-12 teeth 3 Ring Area 4 Arm 5. Web 10 Link Body 12,13 Insulating washer (insulating element) 14,15 Split web 18 aisles 34 Protrusion (axial fixing element) 37 Deflection journal (deflection body) 43 Windings 54,55 Winding space 59,60 Guide SP1, SP2 coil WL1~WL4 layer

Claims

1. A stator for an electric motor or generator, particularly for an external rotor motor, Teeth (1 to 12) each have a ring region (3) and arms (4) extending from the ring region (3), and each protrudes from the ring region. The arm (4) has a web (5) that intersects the arm at its free end and supports at least one winding having at least one coil (SP1, SP2) wound by a winding wire (43), the winding being housed in a winding space (54, 55) extending from the ring region (3), in a stator, A stator characterized in that the winding space (54, 55) is divided into continuous winding space sections (54, 55) arranged on the arm (4) by at least one split web (14, 15).

2. The stator according to claim 1, characterized in that the divided webs (14, 15) are provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the teeth (1 to 12) of the stator.

3. The stator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the divided webs (14, 15) are arranged such that the winding space sections (54, 55) have different lengths.

4. The stator according to claim 2, characterized in that at least some of the divided webs (15) of the teeth (1 to 12) have passages (18) for the windings (43) on the upper and / or lower surfaces.

5. The stator according to claim 4, characterized in that the divided web (15) having the passage (18) has a plurality of side guides (59, 60) for the winding (43).

6. The stator according to claim 5, characterized in that the guides (59, 60) extend at an oblique angle with respect to the longitudinal direction of the teeth (1 to 12).

7. The stator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the divided webs (14, 15) are positioned on the teeth (1 to 12) such that the ends of the coils are in the ring region (3).

8. The stator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the radially inward winding space section (54) has a circumferential width of the stator such that the number of layers (WL1, WL2) of the coil (SP1) is even.

9. The stator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the radially outer winding space section (55) has a circumferential width of the stator such that the number of layers (WL1 to WL4) of the coil (SP1) is a multiple of the number of layers in the radially inner winding space section (54).

10. The stator according to claim 4, characterized in that the thickness of the divided web (15) having the passage (18), as measured at the base of the divided web (15), is an integer multiple of the diameter of the winding (43).

11. The stator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one link body (10) that deflects the winding (43) is provided at the free end of the arm (4) of the teeth (1 to 12).

12. The stator according to claim 11, characterized in that the link body (10) radially defines the radially outer winding space section (55).

13. The stator according to claim 11, characterized in that the link body (10) and / or deflector (37) comprises at least one axial fixing element (34) for the winding (43).

14. The stator according to claim 13, characterized in that the axial fixing element (34) protrudes laterally from the link body (10) and / or the deflection body (37).

15. The stator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the divided webs (14, 15) are part of the insulating elements (12, 13) that rest on the end faces of the teeth (1 to 12).

16. The stator according to claim 15, characterized in that the insulating elements (12, 13) are insulating washers.

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