Method for determining quality of sleep and method for screening body odor component related to quality of sleep

Abstract

To provide a new technique capable of easily determining the quality of sleep.SOLUTION: The present technology includes a sleep quality determination method including a collection step of collecting skin gas from a body surface of a subject after awakening, an analysis step of analyzing the collected skin gas, and a determination step of determining quality of sleep from an analysis result of the skin gas, and a sleep quality determination method including a collection step of collecting skin gas from a body surface of a subject after awakening, an analysis step of analyzing the collected skin gas, and an index data acquisition step of acquiring objective index data and / or subjective index data related to quality of sleep from the subject. A Z value calculation step of standardizing the acquired objective index data and / or subjective index data to calculate a Z value, and a body odor component identification step of identifying a body odor component related to the quality of sleep in the skin gas from a relationship between the analysis result of the skin gas and the Z value.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present technology relates to a method for determining whether a person is sleeping well or not, and more particularly to a method for determining whether a person is sleeping well or not, and a method for screening body odor components related to the quality of sleep or not. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, attention has been focused on the relationship between skin gases emitted from the human body surface and a person's physical and physiological state, living environment, presence or absence of disease, etc. Since sampling of skin gases is non-invasive, analyzing skin gases would be extremely useful if it could enable early diagnosis, etc.

[0003] For example, Patent Document 1 proposes a cancer evaluation method that includes a collection step of collecting skin gas from the body surface of a subject to be evaluated, an acquisition step of analyzing the amount of emission of the collected skin gas to obtain a skin gas pattern that represents the emission pattern of each skin gas component, and an evaluation step of analyzing the obtained skin gas pattern based on a predetermined discrimination algorithm to evaluate the cancer state of the subject to be evaluated, wherein the discrimination algorithm is an algorithm that determines the dissimilarity between the skin gas pattern of a cancer patient and the skin gas pattern of a healthy subject.

[0004] In recent years, the importance of good quality sleep for both physical and mental health has been gaining attention, and the number of patients visiting sleep clinics and other facilities is increasing year by year. Technologies for evaluating and estimating sleep status are also being developed.

[0005] For example, Patent Document 2 discloses a sleep state estimation device that includes an acquisition unit that acquires biosignal parameters based on a subject's biosignals, a determination unit that determines whether a certain sleep state has appeared as the subject's sleep state, a generation unit that generates standardization parameters based on the biosignal parameters up to the point when the determination unit determines that a certain sleep state has appeared as the subject's sleep state, a standardization unit that standardizes the biosignal parameters based on the generated standardization parameters, and an estimation unit that estimates the subject's sleep state based on the standardized biosignal parameters. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] Patent Publication No. 2021-148517 [Patent Document 2] Patent Publication No. 2021-48961 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] As mentioned above, technologies for evaluating and estimating sleep states are being developed, but many of these methods require sensors to be attached to various parts of the body while sleeping to measure brain waves and pulse rates, which can be problematic as the sensors interfere with sleep.Furthermore, if sensors need to be attached throughout sleep, sleep evaluation requires hospitalization, which also poses problems such as time constraints.

[0008] Therefore, the main object of the present technology is to provide a novel technology that can easily determine whether a person is sleeping well. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the inventors of the present application conducted extensive research into specific methods for determining whether or not a person is sleeping well. As a result, they discovered that the quality of sleep can be determined by analyzing skin gases collected upon waking up, and thus completed the present technology.

[0010] That is, in this technology, first, a collection step of collecting skin gas from the body surface of a subject after waking up; an analyzing step of analyzing the collected skin gas; a determining step of determining whether the sleep is good or bad based on the analysis result of the skin gas; The present invention provides a method for determining whether a person is sleeping well or not, including: The analysis step can involve analyzing the type and / or amount of skin gas. In the determining step, if the amount of the first component in the analyzed skin gas is equal to or greater than a threshold, it can be determined that the sleep is poor. In this case, the first component may be diallyl disulfide. Furthermore, in the determining step, if the amount of the second component in the analyzed skin gas is equal to or greater than a threshold value, it can be determined that the sleep is good. In this case, the second component may be hexanoic acid. Furthermore, in the determination step, if the ratio of the amount of the first component to the amount of the second component in the analyzed skin gas (amount of the first component / amount of the second component) is equal to or greater than a threshold value, it can be determined that the sleep is poor.

[0011] Next, the present technology includes a collection step of collecting skin gas from the body surface of the subject after waking up; an analyzing step of analyzing the collected skin gas; an index data acquisition step of acquiring objective index data and / or subjective index data relating to the quality of sleep from the subject; a Z-score calculation step of standardizing the acquired objective index data and / or the acquired subjective index data to calculate a Z-score; a body odor component identifying step of identifying body odor components in the skin gas that are related to the quality of sleep based on the relationship between the analysis result of the skin gas and the Z value; The present invention provides a method for screening body odor components related to the quality of sleep, comprising: In the screening method according to the present technology, the objective index data can be one or more data selected from sleep time, sleep efficiency, time to fall asleep, time between falling asleep and waking up, and number of awakenings. [Effects of the Invention]

[0012] This technology makes it possible to determine the quality of sleep for a subject in a simple, non-invasive and short time. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0013] Preferred embodiments for carrying out the present technology will be described below. The embodiments described below are representative embodiments of the present technology, and the scope of the present technology is not limited to these embodiments.

[0014] 1. How to judge whether your sleep is good or bad The method for determining whether a person is sleeping well according to the present technology includes a collection step, an analysis step, and a determination step. Each step will be described in detail below.

[0015] (1) Collection step The sampling step is a process of sampling skin gas from the body surface of the subject after waking up. The method for sampling skin gas is not particularly limited as long as it does not impair the function and effect of the present technology, and one or more commonly used methods for sampling skin gas can be freely combined. In the present technology, a sampling method utilizing molecular diffusion of skin gas is particularly preferred. A preferred sampling method utilizing molecular diffusion is a method using a small device that adsorbs and captures the subject's skin gas onto a solid collection material and then thermally or chemically desorbs the skin gas from the collection material. An example of such a small device is the skin gas sampler "MonoTrap (registered trademark) SG DCC18" manufactured by GL Sciences.

[0016] The site from which skin gas is collected is not particularly limited as long as it is a body surface from which skin gas can be collected. Examples include body surfaces such as the top of the head, head and neck, arms, chest, armpits, abdomen, back, buttocks, and lower limbs. In this technology, it is particularly preferable to collect skin gas from the body surface of the head and neck, and it is more preferable to collect skin gas from the body surface of the neck.

[0017] The time for collecting skin gas is not limited as long as it does not impair the function and effect of the present technology, and can be freely set. The lower limit of the time for collecting skin gas is, for example, 10 minutes or more, preferably 20 minutes or more, more preferably 30 minutes or more, and even more preferably 40 minutes or more. By collecting the time within this range, sufficient skin gas can be collected. The upper limit of the collection time is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of reducing the burden on the subject and time, it is, for example, 2 hours or less, preferably 1.5 hours or less.

[0018] (2) Analysis step The analysis step is a process of analyzing the collected skin gas. In the analysis step, all physical properties related to the skin gas, such as the type, amount, and concentration of the skin gas, can be analyzed.

[0019] The specific analysis method in the analysis step can be one or a combination of two or more general gas analysis methods, for example, gas chromatography, as long as the method does not impair the effects and advantages of the present technology.

[0020] (3) Judgment step The determination step is a process for determining whether the sleep quality is good or bad based on the analysis results of the skin gas. Specifically, the determination is made based on whether or not body odor components related to the sleep quality are detected in the skin gas, and the amount and concentration of the body odor components related to the sleep quality in the skin gas.

[0021] More specifically, for example, when a first component associated with poor sleep is detected in the skin gas or when the amount of the first component in the skin gas is equal to or greater than a threshold, it can be determined that the sleep was poor. Examples of the first component associated with poor sleep include diallyl disulfide.

[0022] The threshold value of the first component can be freely set depending on the type of the first component, etc. For example, when the amount of diallyl disulfide generated as the first component is used to determine whether the sleep is good or bad, the threshold value can be set to, for example, 0.8 ng / (cm 2 ·h) or more, preferably 1.0 ng / (cm 2 ·h) or more, more preferably 1.3ng / (cm 2 ·h) or more, more preferably 1.5 ng / (cm 2 ·h) or more.

[0023] Furthermore, for example, when a second component associated with good sleep is detected in the skin gas or when the amount of the second component in the skin gas is equal to or greater than a threshold, it can be determined that the sleep was good. Examples of the second component associated with poor sleep include hexanoic acid.

[0024] The threshold value of the second component can be freely set depending on the type of the second component, etc. For example, when the amount of hexanoic acid generated as the second component is used to determine whether the sleep is good or bad, the threshold value can be set to, for example, 5.0 ng / (cm 2 ·h) or more, preferably 5.5ng / (cm 2 ·h), more preferably 6.0 ng / (cm 2 ·h) or more, more preferably 6.5 ng / (cm 2 ·h) or more.

[0025] Furthermore, if the ratio of the amount of the first component to the amount of the second component in the analyzed skin gas (amount of the first component / amount of the second component) is equal to or greater than a threshold, the sleep can be determined to be poor. For example, if the first component is diallyl disulfide and the second component is hexanoic acid, the threshold for the component amount ratio can be set to, for example, 0.05 or more, preferably 0.1 or more, more preferably 0.15 or more, and even more preferably 0.17 or more.

[0026] As explained above, the method for determining whether a subject has slept well or not according to the present technology can determine whether the subject has slept well or not by simply collecting skin gas after waking up, and is a non-invasive method that allows the subject to easily determine whether the subject has slept well or not in a short amount of time.

[0027] 2. Screening method for body odor components related to quality of sleep The screening method for body odor components related to sleep quality according to the present technology includes a collection step, an analysis step, an index data acquisition step, a Z-score calculation step, and a body odor component identification step. Each step will be described in detail below. Note that the collection step and analysis step are the same as the collection step and analysis step in the sleep quality determination method according to the present technology described above, and therefore will not be described here.

[0028] (1) Index data acquisition step The index data acquisition step is a process of acquiring objective index data and / or subjective index data relating to the quality of sleep.

[0029] Objective index data is quantitative or qualitative measurement data that is not influenced by the subject's subjective opinion. Examples include measurement data such as electroencephalogram data, pulse data, body temperature data, body movement data, respiration data, and photographed image data, as well as sleep duration, sleep efficiency, time to fall asleep, wake-up time from falling asleep to waking up, and number of awakenings analyzed from such measurement data.

[0030] As long as the objective index data acquisition method does not impair the function and effect of the present technology, one or more general methods for acquiring objective index data related to the quality of sleep can be freely combined and used, such as actigraphy.

[0031] The subjective index data is data that represents the subjective feelings of the subject regarding the quality of sleep, such as data that scores are given to the results of a questionnaire regarding the quality of sleep.

[0032] (2) Z-score calculation step The Z-score calculation step is a process of standardizing the objective index data and / or the subjective index data to calculate the Z-score. The Z-score (standardized data) can be calculated by the following mathematical formula (1). Standardized data Z value = (data value x - mean) / standard deviation σ (1)

[0033] (3) Body odor component identification step The body odor component identification step is a process for identifying body odor components in the skin gas that are related to the quality of sleep based on the relationship between the analysis results of the skin gas and the Z value. An example of a specific method will be described in detail below.

[0034] (3-1) Sleep quality assessment based on Z scores First, the quality of sleep is evaluated based on the Z-score of each data calculated above. For example, if the Z-score is equal to or greater than a threshold, the sleep for that data is evaluated as good, and if the Z-score is equal to or less than a threshold, the sleep for that data is evaluated as poor.

[0035] The threshold for evaluating the quality of sleep for each data item can be set freely as long as it does not impair the function and effect of the present technology. For example, the threshold for evaluating sleep as good can be set to a standard deviation of σ / 2 or more, a standard deviation of σ or more, a standard deviation of σ × 2 or more, etc. Furthermore, for example, the threshold for evaluating sleep as poor can be set to a negative standard deviation of σ / 2 or less, a negative standard deviation of σ or less, a negative standard deviation of σ × 2 or less, etc.

[0036] The quality of the subject's sleep is evaluated based on the sleep quality evaluation results for each data. The specific evaluation method is not limited as long as it does not impair the functions and effects of the present technology, and can be performed in any way. For example, if there is a large amount of data evaluating sleep as good, the subject's sleep can also be evaluated as good, and if there is a large amount of data evaluating sleep as poor, the subject's sleep can also be evaluated as poor. Furthermore, if there are the same number of data evaluating sleep as good and data evaluating sleep as poor, for example, priority data can be set, and the evaluation of the prioritized data can be used to evaluate the quality of the subject's sleep.

[0037] Furthermore, the Z-value used in the body odor component identification step may be either the Z-value of the objective index data or the Z-value of the subjective index data, or both. When both the Z-value of the objective index data and the Z-value of the subjective index data are used, priority may be given to either one. In this technology, it is particularly preferable to give priority to the results of evaluation based on the Z-value of the objective index data.

[0038] (3-2) Comparison of skin gas analysis results and sleep quality evaluation The results of the skin gas analysis are compared with the results of the evaluation of the quality of sleep of each subject. For example, the results of the evaluation of the quality of sleep of each subject are compared with the types and amounts of components detected from the skin gas of each subject.

[0039] (3-3) Identifying body odor components Based on the comparison of the skin gas analysis results and the sleep quality evaluation, the body odor components related to the quality of sleep are identified. For example, components detected in large amounts in the skin gas of subjects whose sleep was evaluated as good can be identified as body odor components that occur after good quality sleep, and components detected in large amounts in the skin gas of subjects whose sleep was evaluated as poor can be identified as body odor components that occur after poor sleep.

[0040] The present invention can also employ the following configuration. [1] A collection step of collecting skin gas from the body surface of the subject after waking up; an analyzing step of analyzing the collected skin gas; a determining step of determining whether the sleep is good or bad based on the analysis result of the skin gas; A method for determining whether sleep is good or bad, including: [2] The method for determining whether sleep is good or bad according to [1], wherein the analysis step involves analyzing the type and / or amount of skin gas. [3] In the determining step, The method for determining whether sleep is good or bad according to [2], wherein if the amount of the first component in the analyzed skin gas is equal to or greater than a threshold value, the sleep is determined to be poor. [4] The method for determining the quality of sleep according to [3], wherein the first component is diallyl disulfide. [5] In the determining step, The method for determining whether sleep is good or bad according to any one of [2] to [4], wherein the sleep is determined to be good if the amount of the second component in the analyzed skin gas is equal to or greater than a threshold value. [6] The method for determining the quality of sleep according to [5], wherein the second component is hexanoic acid. [7] In the determining step, A method for determining whether sleep is good or bad, as described in any one of [2] to [6], in which if the ratio of the amount of the first component to the amount of the second component in the analyzed skin gas (amount of the first component / amount of the second component) is equal to or greater than a threshold value, the sleep is determined to be poor. [8] A method for screening body odor components related to quality of sleep, comprising: A collection step of collecting skin gas from the body surface of the subject after waking up; an analyzing step of analyzing the collected skin gas; an index data acquisition step of acquiring objective index data and / or subjective index data relating to the quality of sleep from the subject; a Z-score calculation step of standardizing the acquired objective index data and / or the acquired subjective index data to calculate a Z-score; a body odor component identifying step of identifying body odor components in the skin gas that are related to the quality of sleep based on the relationship between the analysis result of the skin gas and the Z value; A method for screening body odor components related to quality of sleep, comprising: [9] [8] A method for screening body odor components related to the quality of sleep, wherein the objective index data is one or more data selected from sleep time, sleep efficiency, time to fall asleep, wake-up time from falling asleep to waking up, and number of wake-ups. [Example]

[0041] The present technology will be described in more detail below based on examples. Note that the examples described below are examples of typical examples of the present technology, and the scope of the present technology should not be construed as being narrow.

[0042] (1) Analysis of skin gases Skin gas measurements were performed on four subjects, two men and two women in their 20s and 30s. A GL Sciences skin gas sampler, the MonoTrap® SG DCC18, was used to capture skin gas. Within 30 minutes of waking up each morning, the opening of the collection device was placed and secured on the skin surface of the back of the neck to capture skin gas. The collection time was one hour, and the collection period was seven days. After collection, the collection material was removed from the collection device, and after thermal desorption, the skin gas was analyzed using a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (gas chromatograph: Agilent Technologies 6890N, mass spectrometer: JEOL Q1000GCMKII).

[0043] (2) Obtaining objective indicator data In this example, the objective index data were measured using an actigraph sensor, including total sleep time (minutes), sleep efficiency (%), time to fall asleep (minutes), wake-up time (minutes) from fall asleep to waking, and number of awakenings. The measurement period was from 3 days before the start of skin gas collection to the final day of skin gas collection.

[0044] (3) Acquisition of subjective index data In this example, a questionnaire consisting of the following items A to D was conducted as subjective index data. Each item was evaluated on a scale of 100 points. The collection period was from the start date of skin gas collection to the final day of skin gas collection. A: Did you sleep well? B: Did you sleep well? C: Did you sleep well? D: Have you recovered from your fatigue?

[0045] (4) Calculation of Z-score The objective index data and subjective index data obtained above were standardized to calculate Z scores. Z score = (data value - individual mean value during the measurement period for each item) / standard deviation σ

[0046] (5) Sleep quality evaluation For each data, if the Z value calculated above exceeded the first threshold, it was evaluated as "good," and if it was less than the second threshold, it was evaluated as "poor." In this example, the first threshold was set to 1σ (standard deviation), and the second threshold was set to -1σ (-standard deviation). The number of items evaluated as "good" was compared with the number of items evaluated as "poor," and the larger number was used as the overall evaluation. If the number of items evaluated as "good" and the number of items evaluated as "poor" were the same, the evaluation in the objective index data was given priority and used as the overall evaluation.

[0047] (6) Comparison of skin gas analysis results and sleep quality assessment The types and amounts of skin gases analyzed above were compared with the sleep quality evaluation results. As a result, a correlation was confirmed between diallyl disulfide and hexanoic acid and the sleep quality evaluation results. Specifically, on days when sleep was evaluated as poor, the amount of diallyl disulfide generated was significantly increased. On the other hand, on days when sleep was evaluated as good, the amount of hexanoic acid generated was significantly increased.

[0048] (7) Discussion These results suggest that the quality of sleep can be determined by examining the type and amount of skin gases after waking up. Specifically, if a certain amount of diallyl disulfide or more is detected, it can be determined that the sleep was poor, and if a certain amount of hexanoic acid or more is detected, it can be determined that the sleep was good.

[0049] Furthermore, it was found that by using the method of this example, it is possible to screen for body odor components related to the quality of sleep, including skin gases other than diallyl disulfide and hexanoic acid.

Claims

1. A collection step of collecting skin gas from the body surface of the subject after waking up; an analysis step of analyzing the collected skin gas; a determining step of determining whether the sleep is good or bad based on the analysis result of the skin gas; A method for determining whether sleep is good or bad, including:

2. The method for determining whether or not a person is sleeping well according to claim 1 , wherein the analyzing step includes analyzing the type and / or amount of skin gas.

3. In the determining step, The method for determining whether sleep is good or bad according to claim 2 , wherein the sleep is determined to be poor when the amount of the first component in the analyzed skin gas is equal to or greater than a threshold value.

4. The method for determining the quality of sleep according to claim 3 , wherein the first component is diallyl disulfide.

5. In the determining step, The method for determining whether a person is sleeping well according to claim 2 , wherein the sleep is determined to be good when the amount of the second component in the analyzed skin gas is equal to or greater than a threshold value.

6. The method for determining the quality of sleep according to claim 5 , wherein the second component is hexanoic acid.

7. In the determining step, 3. The method for determining whether sleep is good or bad as described in claim 2, wherein if the ratio of the amount of the first component to the amount of the second component in the analyzed skin gas (amount of the first component / amount of the second component) is equal to or greater than a threshold value, the sleep is determined to be poor.

8. A collection step of collecting skin gas from the body surface of the subject after waking up; an analysis step of analyzing the collected skin gas; an index data acquisition step of acquiring objective index data and / or subjective index data relating to the quality of sleep from the subject; a Z-score calculation step of standardizing the acquired objective index data and / or the acquired subjective index data to calculate a Z-score; a body odor component identifying step of identifying body odor components in the skin gas that are related to the quality of sleep based on the relationship between the analysis result of the skin gas and the Z value; A method for screening body odor components related to quality of sleep, comprising:

9. The method for screening body odor components related to the quality of sleep described in claim 8, wherein the objective index data is one or more data selected from sleep time, sleep efficiency, time to fall asleep, wake-up time from falling asleep to waking up, and number of wake-ups.