Open shield construction method and u-shaped concrete open channel for open shield construction method

Abstract

To provide an open shield construction method and an open shield construction U-shaped concrete culvert used for the open shield construction method, capable of installing a U-shaped concrete culvert at a work lifting height lower than that of a hoisting machine, improving work efficiency, and firmly installing the U-shaped concrete culvert integrated in a tail part of an open shield machine to form a U-shaped water channel in the ground, without requiring installation of a lifting machine or a lining facility for approach in a waterway improvement construction near a house or the like.SOLUTION: A U-shaped concrete culvert is formed by repeating a process for excavating and discharging earth and sand from an opening on the upper surface of a front part 2 and from the front side by using an open shield machine 1, a process for advancing the open shield machine 1 by extending a propulsion jack 3, and a process for assembling the U-shaped concrete culvert 20 consisting of a plurality of divided concrete blocks in a tail part 16.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an open shield tunneling method and a U-shaped concrete open channel for use in the open shield tunneling method. [Background technology]

[0002] The open shield method is a highly rational method that takes advantage of the advantages of the open cut method and the shield method, and an overview of it is shown in Figure 12.

[0003] In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes an open shield machine, which is a shield machine having openings on the front, rear and top, and consisting of left and right side wall plates 1a and a bottom plate 1b connected to these side wall plates 1a.

[0004] The open shield machine 1 has propulsion jacks 3 arranged vertically on the left and right sides of the cross section from the front end portion to the rear within the tail portion 16.

[0005] The open shield machine 1 has a body divided into a front section 2 and a tail section 16 in the longitudinal direction, and the front end of the tail section 16 is fitted into the rear end of the front section 2, forming a bending section 17 at the mutual fitting section, making it bendable. A bending jack 11 is provided at this bending section 17.

[0006] The front section 2 is mainly used as the excavation section, and as mentioned above, the tail section 16 is where the propulsion jack 3 is located, and the concrete box 4 is suspended and installed inside the tail section 16.

[0007] In the figure, 9 is a sliding retaining plate installed at the front end of the front section 2, which has a slide jack built in.

[0008] When constructing an underground structure by burying concrete boxes 4 under a road, after assembling the open shield machine 1 in the designated position inside the departure shaft 7, the propulsion jacks 3 of the open shield machine 1 are extended and the open shield machine 1 is advanced using the reaction force of the reaction wall 8 installed inside the departure shaft 7, and the first concrete box 4 that will form the underground structure is lowered from above and set behind the retracted propulsion jacks 3 inside the tail section 16 of the open shield machine 1. At this time, the lifting machine 14 is positioned behind the departure shaft 7.

[0009] The concrete boxes 4 that are laid sequentially inside the departure shaft 7 are boxes that are advanced a predetermined distance after the open shield machine 1 advances forward and exits the departure shaft 7, and are temporarily installed as reaction force transmission materials until the thrust force of the open shield machine 1 is no longer transmitted to the reaction force wall 8 inside the departure shaft 7, at which point the boxes are removed.

[0010] The departure shaft 7 is composed of retaining walls 18 such as steel sheet piles, and in order to launch the open shield machine 1, a portion of this retaining wall in front is cut away, but if necessary, ground improvement work may be done in front of the departure shaft 7 by injecting chemicals, etc.

[0011] Next, after cutting a portion of the retaining wall in front of the departure shaft 7, an excavator 6 such as a shovel is used to excavate and remove earth and sand from above the ground in front of the open shield machine 1.

[0012] Simultaneously with or after this excavation and soil removal process, the propulsion jack 3 is extended to move the open shield machine 1 forward.

[0013] Then, after the open shield machine 1 moves forward the length of one box, the second concrete box 4 is lifted and lowered into the tail section 16 of the open shield machine 1 by the lifting machine 14 and set in front of the first concrete box 4.

[0014] Thereafter, the same excavation and soil removal process, advancement process, and concrete box 4 setting process are repeated as appropriate, and the concrete boxes 4 are successively left in the ground in a vertical row as the open shield machine 1 advances, and backfilling 5 is performed on the top surface of these concrete boxes 4, and the surface is paved.

[0015] In the process of setting the concrete box 4, after the concrete box 4 is set inside the tail machine, the backfill injection material 15 is injected as a primary injection, and the backfill injection material 15 is injected as a secondary injection into voids that occur in the ground during the excavation, soil removal and forward movement processes of the open shield machine 1.

[0016] Once the open shield machine 1 reaches the destination tunnel, it is removed and the construction is completed.

[0017] The concrete box 4 is made of reinforced concrete or precast reinforced concrete, and is a rectangular one-piece structure consisting of a left slab, a right slab, a top slab, and a bottom slab, with openings on the front and back.

[0018] It is also possible to install a U-shaped concrete open channel instead of this concrete box 4, but there is no prior art document that describes installing a U-shaped concrete open channel using this open shield method. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0019] When constructing an underground U-shaped waterway by laying a U-shaped concrete open channel under construction conditions where houses are nearby on both sides, the construction cross-sectional width is relatively large, so lining equipment can be installed on top of the already laid U-shaped concrete open channel, allowing for the entry of a lifting machine and the lifting down of the box.In addition, trucks carrying excavated soil and U-shaped concrete open channels can smoothly enter and exit the area.

[0020] However, depending on the proximity of nearby houses, the ground conditions, the size of the U-shaped concrete open channel, etc., the installation width of the lining equipment needs to be the U-shaped open channel installation width plus about 1.0 m on each side. Therefore, depending on the proximity of houses, etc., it may not be possible to install the lining equipment.

[0021] Furthermore, when carrying out repair work on existing waterways or existing fence culverts, the ground behind them is often loose or has gaps, which can pose a problem regarding the stability of the ground when lining equipment is installed.

[0022] Furthermore, as the open shield machine advances, lining equipment is installed as needed, which means that construction work takes time to progress.

[0023] The object of the present invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the above-mentioned conventional examples, and to provide an open shield construction method that eliminates the need for the installation of a lifting machine or lining equipment for entry when carrying out waterway repair work near houses, etc., and that can install a U-shaped concrete open channel at a lower working lifting height than box body suspension equipment, thereby improving work time and efficiency, and that can install a firmly integrated U-shaped concrete open channel within the tail section of the open shield machine to form a U-shaped waterway underground, as well as a U-shaped concrete open channel for use in the open shield construction method. [Means for solving the problem]

[0024] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention as set forth in claim 1 is characterized in that an open shield machine is used, which has a body with openings on the front, rear, and top, consisting of left and right side wall panels and a bottom panel that is approximately the same length as the side wall panels and connects them, and in which the front end of the rear body, which serves as the tail section, fits into the rear end of the front body, which serves as the front section, so that it can be bent, and in which propulsion jacks are arranged in multiple stages so that they extend rearward from the front end side of the tail section, and which forms a U-shaped concrete waterway by repeating the following steps: excavating and discharging earth and sand from the opening on the top surface of the front section and from the front; extending the propulsion jacks to move the open shield machine forward using a U-shaped concrete open culvert laid behind the open shield machine as a reaction force; and assembling a U-shaped concrete open culvert made up of a plurality of divided concrete blocks within the tail section.

[0025] According to the invention of claim 1, the U-shaped concrete open channel is divided into multiple concrete blocks, so the components that make up the U-shaped concrete open channel are smaller and lighter in weight than when it is a single unit. As a result, in waterway repair work near houses, etc., there is no need to install a lifting machine or lining equipment for entry, and the U-shaped concrete open channel can be installed with a lower working lift than box-body lifting equipment.

[0026] In addition, it is easy to transport to the open shield machine, and since it is assembled inside the tail of the open shield machine to form a U-shaped concrete open channel, installation work is easy.

[0027] The invention of claim 2 is characterized in that multiple blocks of the divided U-shaped concrete open channel are transported inside the already laid U-shaped concrete open channel behind the open shield machine, and are assembled inside the tail section of the shield machine to form a U-shaped concrete waterway.

[0028] According to the invention of claim 2, each block of the divided U-shaped concrete open channel is transported from the U-shaped concrete open channel laid at the rear of the open shield machine by a transporting facility, and is then lifted by a crane placed in the U-shaped concrete open channel laid at the rear end of the tail of the open shield machine. Since the shield is assembled, no lining equipment is required as an access passage for lifting machines, etc. Furthermore, the working height of the crane is lower than when box-lowering equipment is installed on the tail of the open shield machine. Therefore, even if there are obstacles such as overhead wires above the construction route, they will not be an obstacle, and box-lowering equipment will not be required.

[0029] The present invention described in claim 3 is a U-shaped concrete open channel for open shield construction used in the open shield construction method of claim 1, and is characterized in that a pair of L-shaped concrete blocks are fastened together with bolts so that they face each other in the left-right direction to form a U-shaped concrete block, and when these U-shaped concrete blocks are arranged in a vertical column, the connecting end faces of the L-shaped concrete blocks are arranged in a staggered pattern, and the U-shaped concrete blocks are fastened together with PC steel bars.

[0030] According to the invention of claim 3, a pair of L-shaped concrete blocks are fastened together with bolts so that they face each other in the left-right direction to form a U-shaped concrete block, and when these U-shaped concrete blocks are arranged in a vertical row, the connecting end faces of the L-shaped concrete blocks are arranged in a staggered pattern, and the U-shaped concrete blocks are fastened together with PC steel rods, so that the entire structure is integrated and can be assembled firmly and safely within the tail section.In particular, the integrated U-shaped concrete open channel is suitable for using this U-shaped concrete open channel as a reaction force to advance a shield machine.

[0031] The present invention described in claim 4 is a U-shaped concrete open channel for open shield construction used in the open shield construction method of claim 1, and is characterized in that a pair of L-shaped concrete blocks are fastened together with bolts so that they face each other in the left-right direction, with a rectangular cross-section base slab block between them that connects the base slab portions of each L-shaped concrete block, to form a U-shaped concrete block, and when these U-shaped concrete blocks are arranged in a vertical column, the connecting end faces of the L-shaped concrete blocks and the rectangular cross-section base slab blocks are arranged in a staggered pattern, and the U-shaped concrete blocks are fastened together with PC steel bars.

[0032] According to the present invention described in claim 4, which is similar to the invention described in claim 3, by forming a pair of L-shaped concrete blocks facing each other in the left-right direction of the cross section and a rectangular cross-section base slab block connected to the base slab portions of each L-shaped concrete block, a wide U-shaped concrete open channel for open shield construction can be assembled within the tail portion of the open shield machine. [Effects of the Invention]

[0033] As described above, the open shield method and U-shaped concrete open channel for the open shield method of the present invention can be used in waterway renovation work near houses and other buildings, without the need for the installation of lifting machinery or lining equipment for entry, and the U-shaped concrete open channel can be installed with a lower working lift than with box-type lifting equipment, resulting in good work time and efficiency, and allowing the installation of a firmly integrated U-shaped concrete open channel within the tail section of the open shield machine to form a U-shaped waterway underground. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0034] [Figure 1] 1 is a plan view showing an embodiment of the open shield method of the present invention. FIG. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional side view showing one embodiment of the open shield method of the present invention during excavation. [Figure 3]FIG. 1 is a longitudinal side view of a construction arrangement for assembling a U-shaped open channel, showing one embodiment of the open shield construction method of the present invention. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a view taken along the line AA in FIG. [Figure 5] FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional front view of the U-shaped concrete open channel for the open shield construction method of the present invention after being buried underground. [Figure 6] 1 is a plan view showing a first example of a U-shaped concrete open channel for use in the open shield construction method of the present invention. FIG. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional front view showing a first example of a U-shaped concrete open channel for the open shield construction method of the present invention. [Figure 8] 1 is a longitudinal sectional side view showing a first example of a U-shaped concrete open channel for use in the open shield construction method of the present invention. [Figure 9] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a second example of a U-shaped concrete open channel for the open shield construction method of the present invention. [Figure 10] FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional front view showing a second example of a U-shaped concrete open channel for the open shield construction method of the present invention. [Figure 11] FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional side view showing a second example of a U-shaped concrete open channel for the open shield construction method of the present invention. [Figure 12] FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an overview of the open shield method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0035] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Figure 1 is a plan view showing one embodiment of the open shield method of the present invention, in which an existing waterway 42 is being repaired with houses on both sides nearby.

[0036] In the figure, 1 is an open shield machine, which, as explained in Figure 12 above, is a shield machine with openings on the front, back, and top, consisting of left and right side wall panels 1a and a bottom plate 1b connected to these side wall panels 1a.

[0037] In the open shield machine 1, the propulsion jacks 3 are arranged vertically on the left and right sides of the cross section from the front end portion to the rear in the tail portion 16.

[0038] The open shield machine 1 has a body divided into a front section 2 and a tail section 16 in the longitudinal direction, and the front end of the tail section 16 is fitted into the rear end of the front section 2, forming a bending section 17 at the mutual fitting section, making it bendable. A bending jack 11 is provided at this bending section 17.

[0039] In the open shield method of the present invention, a U-shaped concrete open channel 20 made of concrete blocks is installed instead of a concrete box body, and since this is a renovation work on an existing waterway 42, the excavator 6 cannot be placed in front of the open shield machine 1, so the excavator 6 is mounted on the front part 2 of the open shield machine 1.

[0040] First, when the open shield machine 1 is excavating, the excavator 1 removes the existing waterway 42 in front of the front section 2 by approximately the length of the U-shaped concrete open channel 20, and then extends the sliding retaining plate 9 forward.

[0041] Then, a thrust reaction force is applied to the U-shaped concrete open channel 20 via press bars 13 attached to both side walls of the front end of the U-shaped concrete open channel 20 installed within the tail section 16 of the open shield machine 1, and the thrust jack 3 is extended to propel the shield machine 1 forward, while the excavator 6 excavates within and in front of the front section 2, and the excavated soil is loaded into a waste soil loading vessel 32 located behind the tail section 16 of the open shield machine 1.

[0042] After the surplus soil loading vessel 32 has been sufficiently loaded with excavated soil, the surplus soil loading vessel 32 is loaded by a crane 19 onto the transport equipment 29 located at the rear. The transport equipment 29 is made up of a battery locomotive 30 and a transport cart 31. The transport equipment 29 runs on rail equipment 33 installed on the bottom slab of the U-shaped concrete open channel 20 that has already been laid.

[0043] Thereafter, the transport equipment 29 is driven to the departure shaft 7, the surplus soil loading vessel 32 is lifted by the lifting machine 14 placed above the departure shaft 7, and the excavated soil is loaded onto the surplus soil transport dump truck 34.

[0044] The above steps are repeated to cause the open shield machine 1 to excavate the length of one U-shaped concrete open channel.

[0045] After the open shield machine 1 has excavated the length of approximately one U-shaped concrete open channel 20, a pair of L-shaped concrete blocks 21 of the U-shaped concrete open channel 20, or a pair of L-shaped concrete blocks 21 and a base concrete block 22 connected to the base slabs of the L-shaped concrete blocks 21, are lowered from the ground by a lifting machine 14 placed in the departure shaft 7, and are then lowered onto a transport cart 31 of a transport facility 29 waiting below the departure shaft 7.

[0046] After loading each concrete block onto the transport equipment 29, it is transported to the crane 19 located behind the open shield machine 1.

[0047] Thereafter, the propulsion jack 3 is retracted, and the crane 19 is used in the tail section 16 to assemble the blocks (U-shaped concrete blocks 40) loaded onto the transport cart 31.

[0048] As a first example, as shown in Figures 6 to 8, a U-shaped concrete open channel 20 is made up of a pair of L-shaped concrete blocks 21, which are fastened together with bolts 26 so that their bottom slabs face each other in the left-right direction to form a U-shaped concrete block 40. The fastening with the bolts 26 is performed in a bolt box 25 provided on the connection end surface 23.

[0049] Grout holes 28 into which the backfill injection material 15 is to be filled are pre-installed in both side walls and the bottom slab of the U-shaped concrete open channel 20.

[0050] The U-shaped concrete blocks 40 are arranged in a vertical row, and in the vertical row arrangement, the connecting end faces 23 of the L-shaped concrete blocks are arranged in a staggered pattern.

[0051] The U-shaped concrete blocks 40 were connected in the vertical direction by tensioning the PC steel rods 2 between the connecting end faces and fixing them with nuts inside the box cutouts 27.

[0052] As a second example, the U-shaped concrete open channel 20, as shown in Figures 9 to 11, consists of a pair of L-shaped concrete blocks 21 and a base concrete block 22 connected between the base plates of the L-shaped concrete blocks 21, and these are fastened together with bolts 26 to form a U-shaped concrete block 40.

[0053] The U-shaped concrete blocks 40 were connected in the vertical direction by tensioning the PC steel rods 24 between the connecting end faces and fixing them with nuts inside the box cutouts 27.

[0054] The U-shaped concrete blocks 40 are installed in the tail section 16 of the open shield machine 1 so that the assembled U-shaped concrete open channel is at the specified height and so that the inner surface of the U-shaped concrete open channel immediately behind it to be connected to is aligned, and then the other L-shaped concrete block is installed.

[0055] In the case of the U-shaped concrete open channel 20 of the second example, first one L-shaped concrete block 21 is installed inside the tail section 16 of the open shield machine 1 so that the assembled U-shaped concrete block 40 is at the specified height and so that the inner surface of the U-shaped concrete open channel just behind it to be connected to it matches, and then the other L-shaped concrete block is installed, and finally the bottom slab concrete block 22 is inserted between the bottom slabs of the L-shaped concrete blocks 21.

[0056] In this way, in both the first and second examples, a bolt box 25 is provided on the connection end face 23 between the U-shaped concrete open channel 20 and the cross-sectional direction, and bolts 26 are used to fasten the structure therein.

[0057] The longitudinal connection of the U-shaped concrete open channel is achieved by tensioning the longitudinal connection end faces with PC steel rods 24 and fixing them with nuts within box cutouts 27.

[0058] As a result, in the tail section 16 of the open shield machine 1, the U-shaped concrete open channel 20 is firmly secured by the above-mentioned divided blocks with PC steel rods 24 and bolts 26. Once assembled, it is connected to the U-shaped concrete open channel 20 at the rear, so that an integrated waterway structure can be formed underground. [Explanation of symbols]

[0059] 1...Open shield machine 1a...Side wall plate 1b...Bottom plate 2...Front section 3...Propulsion jack (shield jack) 4...Concrete box 5...Backfill 6...Excavator 7...Starting shaft 8...Reaction wall 9...Sliding retaining plate 11...Bending jack 13...Press bar (press angle) 14... Lifting machine 15... Backfill injection material 16...Tail section 17...Bent section 18...Earth retaining wall 19...Crane 20...U-shaped concrete open channel 21...L-shaped concrete block 22...Bottom concrete block 23...Connection end surface 24...PC steel bar 25...Bolt box 26...Bolt 27...Opening the box 28...Grout hole 29...Transportation equipment 30... Battery locomotive 31... Transport cart 32... Vessel for loading surplus soil 33... Rail equipment 34...Dump truck for transporting soil 40...U-shaped concrete block 42...Existing waterway

Claims

1. An open shield construction method using an open shield machine with a body that is open on the front, rear, and top, and that consists of left and right side wall panels and a bottom panel that is approximately the same length as the side wall panels and connects them, the body having openings on the front, rear, and top, the rear end of the front body serving as the front section being fitted into the front end of the rear body serving as the tail section so that it can be bent, and with propulsion jacks arranged in multiple stages so that they extend rearward from the front end side of the tail section, to form a U-shaped concrete waterway by repeating the following steps: excavating and discharging earth and sand from the opening on the top surface of the front section and from the front; extending the propulsion jacks to move the open shield machine forward using a U-shaped concrete open channel laid behind the open shield machine as a reaction force; and assembling a U-shaped concrete open channel made up of a plurality of divided concrete blocks within the tail section.

2. The open shield construction method described in claim 1, wherein multiple blocks of the divided U-shaped concrete open channel are transported inside an already laid U-shaped concrete open channel behind the open shield machine, and then assembled inside the tail section of the open shield machine to form a U-shaped concrete waterway.

3. A U-shaped concrete open channel for use in the open shield method of claim 1, characterized in that a pair of L-shaped concrete blocks are fastened together with bolts so that they face each other in the left-right direction to form a U-shaped concrete block, and when these U-shaped concrete blocks are arranged in a vertical column, the connecting end faces of the L-shaped concrete blocks are arranged in a staggered pattern, and the U-shaped concrete blocks are fastened together with PC steel bars.

4. 2. A U-shaped concrete open channel for use in the open shield method of claim 1, characterized in that a pair of L-shaped concrete blocks are fastened together with bolts so that they face each other in the left-right direction, with a rectangular cross-section base slab block between them that connects the bottom slab portions of each L-shaped concrete block, and in that the U-shaped concrete blocks are arranged in a vertical column so that the connecting end faces of the L-shaped concrete blocks and the rectangular cross-section base slab blocks are staggered, and the U-shaped concrete blocks are fastened together with PC steel bars.

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