Method for identifying resources of a new wireless physical downlink control channel preempted by ultra-reliable low-latency communication

Abstract

A method and system for detecting eMBB PDCCH in the presence of URLLC users is disclosed. In one embodiment, an eMBB WTRU may receive an eMBB CORESET configuration for a CORESET that includes a PDCCH preemption indicator. If PDCCH preemption is enabled based on the PDCCH preemption indicator, the eMBB WTRU may identify and remove preempted REGs in the eMBB CORESET by comparing channel estimates for each REG bundle in the eMBB CORESET. The WTRU may perform channel estimation based on the remaining REGs in the eMBB CORESET and detect the PDCCH by performing blind decoding on the remaining REGs in the eMBB CORESET based on the received signal.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for identifying new wireless physical downlink control channel resources preempted by ultra-reliable low-latency communications. [Background technology]

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 615,825, filed January 10, 2018, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 715,940, filed August 8, 2018, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0003] In NR (New Radio) for 5G (fifth generation) wireless systems, the structure and design for the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) uses two transmission modes: interleaving unit (INTERLEAVED) and non-interleaving unit (NON-INTERLEAVED), known as resource element group (REG) bundles. Each REG bundle consists of multiple REGs in time or frequency for joint channel estimation. Furthermore, slotted transmission, non-slotted transmission, and different monitoring rates for the PDCCH are also defined in NR for 5G wireless systems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] A method and system for detecting an enhanced massive mobile broadband (eMBB) physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) in the presence of an ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC) user is disclosed. An eMBB wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may receive an eMBB CORESET configuration for a control resource set (CORESET) that includes a PDCCH preemption indicator. If PDCCH preemption is enabled based on the PDCCH preemption indicator, the eMBB WTRU may identify and remove preempted resource element group (REG) bundles in the eMBB CORESET by comparing a channel estimate to each REG bundle in the eMBB CORESET. The WTRU may detect the PDCCH by performing channel estimation based on the remaining REGs in the eMBB CORESET and performing blind decoding on the remaining REGs in the eMBB CORESET based on the received signal. If PDCCH preemption is not enabled, the WTRU may detect the PDCCH by performing channel estimation on each REG bundle in the eMBB CORESET and performing blind decoding on all REGs in the eMBB CORESET based on the received signal.

[0005] A more detailed understanding may be had from the following description, given by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which reference characters indicate like elements and in which: [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0006] [Figure 1A] FIG. 1 is a system diagram illustrating an example communication system in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. [Figure 1B] 1B is a system diagram illustrating an example WTRU (Wireless Transmit / Receive Unit) that may be used within the communication system illustrated in FIG. 1A according to one embodiment. [Figure 1C] 1B is a system diagram illustrating an exemplary RAN (Radio Access Network) and an exemplary CN (Core Network) that may be used within the communication system illustrated in FIG. 1A according to one embodiment. [Figure 1D] FIG. 1B is a system diagram illustrating a further exemplary RAN and a further exemplary CN that may be used within the communication system illustrated in FIG. 1A according to one embodiment. [Figure 2] 1 is a scheduling diagram of an example scheduling method for partially preempting a PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) for an eMBB (enhanced Massive Mobile Broadband) WTRU in the presence of a PDCCH for an URLLC (ultra-reliable low latency communication) WTRU. [Figure 3] FIG. 10 is a flow diagram of an example method for partial preemption of a PDCCH for eMBB in the presence of a PDCCH for URLLC. [Figure 4] FIG. 10 is another scheduling diagram of an example scheduling method for partially preempting a PDCCH for an eMBB WTRU in the presence of a PDCCH for a URLLC WTRU. [Figure 5]FIG. 10 is a scheduling diagram of an example scheduling method for completely preempting a PDCCH for an eMBB WTRU when overlapped by a PDCCH for a URLLC WTRU. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a scheduling diagram of an example method for transmission of the same downlink control information over two PDCCH candidates for two different sets of search spaces on the same CORESET (Control Resource Set). [Figure 7] 10 shows an example flow diagram of a WTRU procedure for PDCCH repetition through a multi-CORESET search space with soft combining for blind detection. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0007] 1A illustrates an example communication system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communication system 100 may be a multiple-access system that provides content, such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc., to multiple wireless users. The communication system 100 may enable the multiple wireless users to access such content through sharing of system resources, including wireless bandwidth. For example, the communication system 100 may employ one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero-tail unique-word DFT-Spread OFDM (ZT UW DTS-s OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block-filtered OFDM, filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), etc.

[0008] 1A, communications system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, RANs 104 / 113, CNs 106 / 115, public switched telephone networks (PSTNs) 108, the Internet 110, and other networks 112, although it will be understood that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. By way of example, any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be referred to as a “station” and / or “STA,” may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals, and may include a UE (user equipment), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a subscription-based unit, a pager, a cellular phone, a PDA (personal digital assistant), a smartphone, a laptop, a netbook, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, a hotspot or Mi-Fi device, an IoT (Internet of Things) device, a watch or other wearable, an HMD (head mounted display), a vehicle, a drone, medical devices and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in the context of an industrial and / or automated processing chain), a consumer electronics device, a device operating on a commercial and / or industrial wireless network, etc. Any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may be referred to interchangeably as a UE.

[0009] Additionally, the communications system 100 may include a base station 114a and / or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to facilitate access to one or more communications networks, such as the CN 106 / 115, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. By way of example, the base stations 114a, 114b may be a base transceiver station (BTS), a Node-B, an eNodeB, a home Node B, a home eNodeB, a gNB, a NR NodeB, a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, etc. While the base stations 114a, 114b are each depicted as a single element, it will be understood that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0010] The base station 114a may be part of the RAN 104 / 113, which may further include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as, for example, a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), relay nodes, etc. The base station 114a and / or base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be referred to as a cell (not shown). The frequencies may be licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide coverage for wireless services over a particular geographic area, which may be relatively fixed or may change over time. Furthermore, a cell may be divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with the base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Thus, in one embodiment, the base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one for each sector of the cell. In an embodiment, the base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) technology and may utilize multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell. For example, beamforming may be used to transmit and / or receive signals in a desired spatial direction.

[0011] The base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d over an air interface 116, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., RF (radio frequency), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, IR (infrared), UV (ultraviolet), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 may be established using any suitable RAT (radio access technology).

[0012] More specifically, as mentioned above, the communication system 100 may be a multiple-access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes, such as, for example, CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, etc. For example, the base station 114a in the RAN 104 / 113 and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may establish the air interface 115 / 116 / 117 using, for example, wideband CDMA (WCDMA). WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High-Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA+ (HSPA+). HSPA may include High-Speed ​​Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High-Speed ​​Ultra-Low Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0013] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) and / or LTE-Advanced Pro (LTE-A Pro), and may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA).

[0014] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may establish the air interface 116 using New Radio (NR) and may implement a radio technology such as NR radio access.

[0015] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement both LTE radio access and NR radio access, e.g., using dual connectivity (DC) principles. Thus, the air interface utilized by the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., eNBs and gNBs).

[0016] In other embodiments, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a wireless technology such as, for example, IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity (WiFi)), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GERAN (GSM EDGE), etc.

[0017] 1A can be, for example, a wireless router, a Home Node B, a Home eNode B, or an access point and may utilize any suitable RAT to facilitate wireless connectivity in a local area such as, for example, a business, a home, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a roadway, etc. In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as, for example, IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as, for example, IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In yet another embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.) to establish a picocell or a femtocell. As shown in FIG. 1A, the base station 114b may have a direct connection to the Internet 110. Thus, the base station 114b may not be required to access the Internet 110 via the CN 106 / 115.

[0018] The RAN 104 / 113 may be in communication with the CN 106 / 115 and may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, application, and / or voice over internet protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have various quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as, for example, different throughput requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, etc. The CN 106 / 115 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, prepaid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform high-level security functions, such as user authentication. 1A, it will be understood that the RAN 104 / 113 and / or the CN 106 / 115 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs employing the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT. For example, the CN 106 / 115, in addition to being connected to the RAN 104 / 113, which may utilize NR radio technology, may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) employing GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or WiFi radio technology.

[0019] Additionally, the CN 106 / 115 may serve as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. The PSTN 108 may include a circuit-switched telephone network providing plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP), and / or IP in the TCP / IP Internet Protocol suite. The network 112 may include wired and / or wireless communication networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, the network 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT.

[0020] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communications system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with separate wireless networks over separate wireless links). For example, the WTRU 102c shown in FIG. 1A may be configured to communicate with a base station 114a, which may employ a cellular-based radio technology, and with a base station 114b, which may employ an IEEE 802.11 radio technology.

[0021] 1B is a system diagram illustrating an example WTRU 102. As shown in FIG. 1B, the WTRU 102 may include, among other things, a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power source 134, a GPS (Global Positioning System) chipset 136, and / or other peripherals 138. It will be understood that the WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the above elements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

[0022] The processor 118 may be a general-purpose processor, a special-purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit, any of other types of integrated circuits (ICs), a state machine, etc. The processor 118 may perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 may be coupled to a transceiver 120, which may be coupled to a transmit / receive element 122. While FIG. 1B depicts the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 as separate components, it will be understood that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be integrated together in an electronic package or chip.

[0023] The transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit or receive signals to a base station (e.g., base station 114a) over the air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In an embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an emitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive, for example, IR, UV, or visible light signals. In yet another embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF and light signals. It will be understood that the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0024] 1B as a single element, the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. More specifically, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO techniques. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.

[0025] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate signals to be transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and to demodulate signals received by the transmit / receive element 122. As mentioned above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. Thus, for example, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers to enable the WTRU 102 to communicate over multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11.

[0026] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to and may receive user input data from a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, and / or a display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit). Furthermore, the processor 118 may output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. Additionally, the processor 118 may access information and store data in any suitable type of memory, such as non-removable memory 130 and / or removable memory 132. The non-removable memory 130 may include random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, etc. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information and store data in memory that is not physically located in the WTRU 102, such as in a server or home computer (not shown).

[0027] The processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134 and may be configured to distribute and / or control power to other components in the WTRU 102. The power source 134 may be any device suitable for providing power to the WTRU 102. For example, the power source 134 may include one or more dry batteries (e.g., NiCd (nickel cadmium), NiZn (nickel zinc), NiMH (nickel metal hydride), Li-ion (lithium ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, etc.

[0028] Additionally, the processor 118 may be coupled to a GPS chipset 136 that may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to or instead of information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) over the air interface 116 and / or determine its location based on the timing of signals being received from two or more neighboring base stations. It will be understood that the WTRU 102 may obtain location information through any suitable location-determination method while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0029] Additionally, the processor 118 may be coupled to other peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules that provide additional features, functionality, and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, the peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an e-compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photos and / or videos), a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands-free headset, a Bluetooth® module, a frequency modulated FM (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an internet browser, a virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) device, an activity tracker, etc. The peripheral device 138 may include one or more sensors, which may be one or more of a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a Hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, a direction sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor, a geolocation sensor, an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, and / or a humidity sensor.

[0030] The WTRU 102 may include a full-duplex radio where the transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with a particular subframe for both the UL (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception)) may be parallel and / or simultaneous. The full-duplex radio may include an interference management unit 139 to reduce and or substantially eliminate self-interference either by hardware (e.g., a choke) or by signal processing by a processor (e.g., by a separate processor (not shown) or by processor 118). In an embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio where the transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with a particular subframe for either the UL (e.g., for transmission) or downlink (e.g., for reception)) may be half-duplex.

[0031] 1C is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106 according to an embodiment. As mentioned above, the RAN 104 may employ E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. Additionally, the RAN 104 may be in communication with the CN 106.

[0032] The RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c, although it will be understood that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, for example, the eNode-B 160a may use multiple antennas to transmit and / or receive wireless signals to the WTRU 102a.

[0033] Each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and / or DL, etc. As shown in FIG. 1C, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with each other via an X2 interface.

[0034] 1C may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (or PGW) 166. While each of the above elements is depicted as part of the CN 106, it will be understood that any of the just-mentioned elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0035] The MME 162 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 162a, 162b, 162c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface and may act as a control node. For example, the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, activating / deactivating bearers, selecting a particular serving gateway during initial attachment of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, etc. The MME 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0036] The SGW 164 may be connected to each of the eNode Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface. In general, the SGW 164 may route and forward user data packets to the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. The SGW 164 may perform other functions such as, for example, anchoring the user plane during inter-eNode B handovers, triggering paging when DL data is available to the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, managing and storing the context of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, etc.

[0037] The SGW 164 may be connected to a PGW 166, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to a packet-switched network, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communication between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0038] The CN 106 may facilitate communication with other networks. For example, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to a circuit-switched network, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communication between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional landline communication devices. For example, the CN 106 may include or communicate with an IP gateway (e.g., an IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0039] Although the WTRU is described in Figures 1A-1D as a wireless terminal, it is expected that in certain representative embodiments, such a terminal may use a wired communication interface with the communication network (e.g., temporarily or permanently).

[0040] In an exemplary embodiment, the other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0041] A WLAN in infrastructure Basic Service Set (BSS) mode may have an access point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may have access or an interface to a distribution system (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic into and out of the BSS. Traffic to a STA originating from outside the BSS may arrive through the AP and be delivered to the STA. Traffic originating from a STA to a destination outside the BSS may be sent to the AP and delivered to the respective destination. Traffic between STAs within a BSS may be sent through the AP, for example, where a source STA may send traffic to the AP, and the AP may deliver the traffic to the destination STA. Traffic between STAs within a BSS may be considered and / or referred to as peer-to-peer traffic. Peer-to-peer traffic may be sent between (e.g., directly between) a source and destination STA via a direct link setup (DLS). In one exemplary embodiment, the DLS may use 802.11e DLS or 802.11z tunneled DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using an Independent BSS (IBSS) mode may not have an AP, and STAs within or using the IBSS (e.g., all STAs) may communicate directly with each other. The IBSS mode of communication may sometimes be referred to herein as an "ad hoc" mode of communication.

[0042] When using the 802.11ac infrastructure mode of operation or a similar mode of operation, an AP may transmit beacons on a fixed channel, such as a primary channel. The primary channel may be a fixed width (e.g., a 20 MHz wide bandwidth) or a width that is dynamically set by signaling. The primary channel may be the operating channel of the BSS and may be used by STAs to establish a connection with the AP. In one exemplary embodiment, CSMA / CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Avoidance) may be implemented in an 802.11 system, for example. With CSMA / CA, STAs (e.g., every STA), including the AP, may sense the primary channel. If the primary channel is sensed / detected and / or determined to be busy by a particular STA, the particular STA may back off. One STA (e.g., only one station) may transmit in a given BSS at any given time.

[0043] For example, a HT (high throughput) STA may use a 40 MHz wide channel for communication by combining a 20 MHz primary channel with adjacent or non-adjacent 20 MHz channels to form a 40 MHz wide channel.

[0044] A Very High Throughput (VHT) STA may support channels of 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and / or 160 MHz width. 40 MHz and / or 80 MHz channels may be constructed by combining contiguous 20 MHz channels. A 160 MHz channel may be constructed by combining eight contiguous 20 MHz channels or by combining two non-contiguous 80 MHz channels, which may result in an 80+80 configuration. For the 80+80 configuration, after channel encoding, the data may pass through a segment parser, which may split the data into two streams. IFFT (inverse fast Fourier transform) processing and time-domain processing may be performed on each stream separately. The streams may be mapped onto two 80 MHz channels, and the data may be transmitted by the transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the operations for the 80+80 configuration described above may be reversed and the combined data may be sent to the MAC (Media Access Control).

[0045] Sub-1 GHz modes of operation are supported by 802.11af and 802.11ah. The operating bandwidths of the channels and carriers are reduced in 802.11af and 802.11ah compared to those used in 802.11n and 802.11ac. 802.11af supports 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and 20 MHz bandwidths in the TVWS (TV White Space) spectrum, while 802.11ah supports 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to representative embodiments, 802.11ah may support Meter Type Control / Machine-Type Communication, such as for MTC devices in macro coverage areas. MTC devices may have limited capabilities, including support (e.g., only support) for some and / or limited bandwidths. An MTC device may include a battery with a battery life that exceeds a threshold (eg, to maintain a very long battery life).

[0046] A WLAN system that may support multiple channels and channel bandwidths, such as 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah, includes a channel that may be designated as a primary channel. The primary channel may have a bandwidth equal to the largest common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel may be set and / or limited by the STA that supports the smallest bandwidth operating mode among all STAs operating in the BSS. In the 802.11ah example, the primary channel may be 1 MHz wide for a STA (e.g., an MTC-type device) that supports (e.g., only supports) the 1 MHz mode, even if the AP and other STAs in the BSS support 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, 16 MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier sensing and / or NAV (Network Allocation Vector) setting may depend on the state of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy, for example, due to a STA (that only supports a 1 MHz mode of operation) transmitting to the AP, the entire available frequency band may be considered busy even though most of the frequency band may remain idle and available.

[0047] In the United States, the available frequency bands that may be used by 802.11ah are 902MHz to 928MHz. In South Korea, the available frequency bands are 917.5MHz to 923.5MHz. In Japan, the available frequency bands are 916.5MHz to 927.5MHz. The total bandwidth available for 802.11ah is 6MHz to 26MHz, depending on the country code.

[0048] 1D is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 113 and the CN 115 according to an embodiment. As mentioned above, the RAN 113 may employ NR radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. Additionally, the RAN 113 may be in communication with the CN 115.

[0049] The RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c, although it will be understood that the RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement MIMO techniques. For example, the gNBs 180a, 180b may utilize beamforming to transmit and / or receive signals to the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c. Thus, for example, the gNB 180a may use multiple antennas to transmit and / or receive wireless signals to the WTRU 102a. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement carrier aggregation techniques. For example, the gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers to the WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of the aforementioned component carriers may be on a non-licensed spectrum, while the remaining component carriers may be on a licensed spectrum. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) techniques. For example, the WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from the gNBs 180a and 180b (and / or 180c).

[0050] The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with scalable numerology. For example, the OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing may vary for separate transmissions, separate cells, and / or separate portions of the wireless transmission spectrum. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframes or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of various or scalable lengths (e.g., including various numbers of OFDM symbols and / or various absolute time lengths).

[0051] The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and / or a non-standalone configuration. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c without accessing another RAN (e.g., eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, etc.). In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may utilize one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as mobility anchor points. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in unlicensed bands. In a non-standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate / connect with a gNB 180a, 180b, 180c while also communicating / connecting with another RAN, such as, for example, an eNode-B 160a, 160b, 160c. For example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement DC principles to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c substantially simultaneously. In a non-standalone configuration, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may act as mobility anchors for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and / or throughput in serving the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0052] Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and / or DL, support for network slicing, dual connectivity, interworking between NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data to User Plane Functions (UPFs) 184a, 184b, routing of control plane information to Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMFs) 182a, 182b, etc. As shown in FIG. 1D , the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may communicate with each other via an Xn interface.

[0053] 1D may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one SMF (Session Management Function) 183a, 183b, and possibly a DN (Data Network) 185a, 185b. While each of the above elements is depicted as part of the CN 115, it will be understood that any of the just-mentioned elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0054] The AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N2 interface and may act as a control node. For example, the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, supporting network slicing (e.g., handling sessions of separate PDUs with separate requirements), selecting a particular SMF 183a, 183b, managing registration areas, terminating NAS signaling, mobility management, etc. Network slicing may be used by the AMF 182a, 182b to customize CN support for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c based on the type of service being utilized for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. For example, separate network slices may be established for separate use cases, such as services dependent on ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC) access, services dependent on enhanced massive mobile broadband (eMBB) access, services related to machine type communications (MTC) access, etc. The AMF 162 may provide control plane functionality for switching between the RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) employing other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies, such as WiFi.

[0055] The SMFs 183a and 183b may be connected to the AMFs 182a and 182b in the CN 115 via an N11 interface. Furthermore, the SMFs 183a and 183b may be connected to the UPFs 184a and 184b in the CN 115 via an N4 interface. The SMFs 183a and 183b may select and control the UPFs 184a and 184b and configure the routing of traffic through the UPFs 184a and 184b. The SMFs 183a and 183b may perform other functions, such as managing and assigning UE IP addresses, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, providing downlink data notification, etc. The PDU session type may be IP-based, non-IP-based, Ethernet-based, etc.

[0056] The UPFs 184a, 184b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N3 interface and may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to a packet-switched network such as the Internet 110 to facilitate communication between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The UPFs 184, 184b may perform other functions such as, for example, routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-homed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, providing mobility anchoring, etc.

[0057] The CN 115 may facilitate communication with other networks. For example, the CN 115 may include or communicate with an IP gateway (e.g., an IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) server) that acts as an interface between the CN 115 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 115 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to local DNs (data networks) 185a, 185b through an N3 interface to the UPFs 184a, 184b, and an N6 interface between the UPFs 184a, 184b and the DNs 185a, 185b.

[0058] 1A-1D and the corresponding descriptions thereof, one or more or all of the functions described herein in association with one or more of the WTRUs 102a-d, base stations 114a-b, eNode-Bs 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNBs 180a-c, AMFs 182a-ab, UPFs 184a-b, SMFs 183a-b, DNs 185a-b, and / or any other device(s) described herein may be performed by one or more emulation devices (not shown). The emulation devices may be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more or all of the functions described herein. For example, the emulation devices may be used to test other devices and / or to simulate network and / or WTRU functionality.

[0059] The emulation device may be designed to implement one or more tests of other devices in a lab environment and / or in an operator's network environment. For example, one or more emulation devices may perform one or more, or all, functions while fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communications network to test other devices in the communications network. One or more emulation devices may perform one or more, or all, functions while temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communications network. The emulation device may be directly coupled to another device for testing purposes and / or may perform testing using over-the-air (OTA) wireless communications.

[0060] The one or more emulation devices may perform one or more functions, inclusive, while not being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communications network. For example, the emulation devices may be utilized in testing laboratories and / or testing scenarios in undeployed (e.g., testing) wired and / or wireless communications networks to implement testing of one or more components. The one or more emulation devices may be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and / or wireless communication via RF circuitry (which may, for example, include one or more antennas) may be used by the emulation devices to transmit and / or receive data.

[0061] WTRU, UE, and user may be used interchangeably herein.

[0062] In NR for 5G wireless systems, URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications) systems require mechanisms to increase the reliability of control channels (e.g., PDCCH), for example, by lowering the BER (Block Error Rate) and reducing the probability of blocking.

[0063] As used herein, a reference symbol may include a fixed, known symbol (e.g., which may be expressed as a complex number) used as a pilot symbol. A reference signal may include a time-domain signal generated by processing a reference symbol. For example, in OFDM, a reference symbol may be a complex number that is fed to n IDFT (Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform) blocks, and a reference signal may be the output of the IDFT blocks. Downlink control information (DCI) may include a set of bits transmitted by a PDCCH carrying control information for a WTRU (user) or a group of WTRUs (users).

[0064] A resource element (RE) may include one OFDM symbol on one subcarrier. A resource element group (REG) may include a group of REs used as a building block for control channel elements (CCEs) that assign resource elements to WTRUs. A REG bundle is REGs that are adjacent in time or frequency and grouped with the same associated precoder. NR-REG, NR-CCE, and NR-PDCCH may be used to refer to REG, CCE, and PDCCH for NR in 5G wireless systems.

[0065] In 5G NR, a REG may be the smallest building block for a PDCCH. For example, each REG may consist of 12 REs, which correspond to one OFDM symbol in time and one resource block (RB) in frequency. In each REG, nine REs may be used for control information, and three REs may be used for a demodulation reference signal (DMRS). Multiple REGs (e.g., two, three, or six) that are adjacent in time or frequency may be used with the same precoder to form a REG bundle with a DMRS used together for channel estimation. Six REGs (e.g., in one, two, or three REG bundles) may form one CCE for a PDCCH. Each PDCCH may consist of one or more CCEs (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs), and the number of CCEs for a PDCCH may be referred to as the aggregation level (AL) of the PDCCH.

[0066] The mapping of REG bundles may include the following modes: interleaved mode and non-interleaved mode. In non-interleaved mapping, consecutive REG bundles (i.e., adjacent in frequency) form CCEs, and adjacent CCEs in frequency form PDCCHs. In interleaved mapping, REGs resulting in some (or all) non-adjacent REG bands in one CCE and some (or all) non-adjacent CCEs in one PDCCH are interleaved (or permuted) before being mapped to CCEs.

[0067] A CORESET (Control Resource Set) may be configured by a frequency allocation (e.g., in chunks of 6 RBs), a time length (1 to 3 OFDM symbols), a type of REG bundle, and a type of REG bundle to CCE mapping (i.e., interleaved or non-interleaved). In an example, there may be up to 3 CORESETs in each BWP (Bandwidth Piece) (12 CORESETs in all 4 possible Bandwidth Pieces).

[0068] A WTRU may be assigned a set of PDCCH candidates to monitor during blind detection of the PDCCH, referred to as a search space or a set of search spaces (e.g., for multiple ALs). Each set of search spaces may be configured by an associated CORESET, the number of candidates with each AL, and the monitoring occasion. The monitoring occasion may be determined by the monitoring periodicity (e.g., in terms of slots), the monitoring offset, and the monitoring pattern (14 bits corresponding to all possible patterns of symbols within the slot).

[0069] An example method for providing sufficient resources for transmission of a downlink control channel for a URLLC WTRU may include preemption of eMBB control channel(s) in the presence of URLLC channel(s). In an example, resources may be assigned for transmission of a downlink control channel that may be used for an eMBB WTRU. The downlink control channel for a URLLC WTRU may receive higher priority than the downlink control channel for an eMBB WTRU. For example, the presence of a PDCCH for a URLLC WTRU may preempt or partially preempt a PDCCH transmission scheduled for the eMBB WTRU.

[0070] To reduce the probability of locking the PDCCH of a URLLC WTRU, the URLLC WTRU may be given higher priority over the PDCCH of an eMBB WTRU. In an example, when scheduling PDCCHs for different WTRUs based on the search space, the gNB may first schedule the PDCCH for the URLLC WTRU. Then, the gNB may schedule the PDCCH for the eMBB WTRU by removing PDCCH candidates that are already fully or partially used for the URLLC WTRU from the search space corresponding to the active eMBB WTRU. Enabling eMBB PDCCH preemption may reduce or eliminate blocking of the PDCCH for the URLLC WTRU by making more resources available and increasing reliability.

[0071] An exemplary method may be used to partially preempt a PDCCH for an eMBB WTRU in the presence of a PDCCH for a URLLC WTRU. Two different overlapping CORESETs may be assigned to the PDCCH for the eMBB WTRU and the PDCCH for the URLLC WTRU, respectively. The different overlapping CORESETs may have different REG bundling types and / or transmission modes (i.e., interleaved vs. non-interleaved). To reduce delay for the URLLC WTRU, the CORESET assigned to the PDCCH for the URLLC WTRU may be assigned to the first OFDM symbol of the slot, and the CORESET assigned to the PDCCH for the eMBB WTRU may be multi-symbol. When a PDCCH candidate in the URLLC CORESET is scheduled, the eMBB PDCCH transmission may be preempted on a REG shared with the transmitted URLLC PDCCH. When preemption is performed on shared REGs, rate matching may be employed to match the code rate of the eMBB PDCCH based on the remaining available REGs of the PDCCH. Figure 2 is a scheduling diagram of an example scheduling method 200 for partially preempting a PDCCH for an eMBB WTRU in the presence of a PDCCH for a URLLC WTRU. A PDCCH 204 is scheduled for the URLLC WTRU on the first OFDM symbol 201, partially preempting the transmission of a PDCCH 210 on a two-symbol CORESET 206 (spanning symbols 201 and 202) for the eMBB WTRU. Data 208 may be transmitted subsequent to the transmission of the PDCCHs 204 and 210.

[0072] At the receiver, the eMBB WTRU may detect preempted REGs of a PDCCH candidate by comparing channel estimates from the DMRS of one REG bundle. For example, if the REG bundling is performed on time for the eMBB CORESET and the URLLC CORESET covers only the first symbol of a slot, and the eMBB WTRU observes a large discrepancy between the channel estimate for the REG on the first symbol and the channel estimates for other REGs in that REG bundle, the eMBB WTRU may assume that the REG on the first symbol is used by the URLLC WTRU and may identify it as a preempted REG. The eMBB WTRU may remove the preempted REG from the set of REGs used for channel estimation (and PDCCH detection) and may complete the channel estimation procedure with joint channel estimation of the remaining REGs for each REG bundle. The eMBB WTRU may perform blind decoding on the remaining REGs based on the channel estimates and the received signal, and apply rate matching associated with the number of remaining REGs.

[0073] Based on the number of remaining REGs in each REG bundle, the quality of the channel estimation, and therefore the quality of the soft decisions for the received coded bits based on those REGs, may differ. Therefore, the eMBB WTRU may use information about the REGs removed from each bundle (and related information, such as the number of DMRSs used for channel estimation for the REG bundle) for the decoding process. For example, the number of DMRSs used for channel estimation may affect the quality of the channel estimation, and this may be taken into consideration when calculating the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) of the received coded bits in the decoding process (i.e., the quality of the soft decisions in the decoding process).

[0074] After decoding, similar to normal blind detection of a PDCCH, the eMBB WTRU may check the CRC (cyclic redundancy code) to determine whether the decoded data is correct and whether it is associated with the eMBB's radio network temporary identifier (RNTI). An indication of the need for a blind detection procedure (i.e., the presence of a URLLC PDCCH that may overlap a portion of the eMBB CORESET) and / or extra parameters that may be useful for the blind detection procedure may or may not be included in the eMBB CORESET configuration provided by the gNB's radio resource control (RRC) layer. The extra parameters may include information such as, for example, the overlapped resource region (e.g., expressed in terms of OFDM symbol indexes and RBs with a granularity of 6 RBs, e.g., as used for the CORESET frequency configuration in 5G NR) and / or the transmission mode of the overlapping URLLC CORESET. If an indication of the need for a blind detection procedure is not included in the CORESET configuration received from the gNB, the WTRU may implicitly derive the overlapping portions of the CORESET based on a predefined pattern. For example, assuming an eMBB WTRU is configured with a relatively wideband CORESET on the first OFDM symbol (e.g., a single-symbol CORESET as wide as the bandwidth portion) and a narrowband multi-symbol CORESET (e.g., a multi-symbol CORESET that is much smaller than the narrowband portion) overlapping with the single-symbol CORESET, the eMBB WTRU may assume that the REG on the first OFDM symbol is preempted according to an a priori known pattern.The method just described can be useful when the URLLC CORESET is one symbol and the eMBB CORESET is multiple symbols, and can be applied when both CORESETs cover the same symbol(s) but have different modes of transmission (e.g., one interleaved and one non-interleaved).

[0075] 3 is a flow diagram of an example method 300 for partial preemption of a PDCCH for eMBB in the presence of a PDCCH for URLLC. The example method 300 may be performed by a WTRU of an eMBB user. For example, the example method 300 may be performed when the URLLC CORESET is one symbol and the eMBB CORESET is multiple symbols. At 302, the eMBB WTRU may obtain a CORESET configuration (e.g., through RRC signaling) for the eMBB CORESET and search space parameters. The CORESET configuration may include a preemption indication parameter (PDCCH preemption indicator). At 304, the eMBB WTRU may determine whether the eMBB CORESET configuration includes an indication of possible (partial) preemption (i.e., an indication that PDCCH preemption is enabled). If a preemption indicator is not used, the eMBB WTRU may implicitly derive the overlapping portion of the CD-ROM to determine the possibility of preemption, as described above. If an indication of possible preemption is detected, the eMBB WTRU may examine each REG bundle and check the consistency of the channel estimation to identify preempted REGs at 306. At 308, the eMBB WTRU may remove the preempted REGs from the set of REGs used for channel estimation (and PDCCH detection) of the REG bundle and perform channel estimation based on the remaining REGs in each REG bundle (e.g., the DMRS of the remaining REGs). At 310, the eMBB WTRU may detect the PDCCH by performing blind decoding on the remaining REGs in each REG bundle (and avoiding preempted REGs) based on the received signal, and perform rate matching associated with the number of remaining REGs in each REG bundle.At 312, the eMBB WTRU may check the CRC of the decoded data from the remaining REGs to detect errors and may receive the PDCCH (e.g., determine whether the PDCCH is for the eMBB WTRU by detecting the RNTI, etc.). If no indication of possible partial preemption is detected, the eMBB WTRU may perform joint channel estimation for each REG bundle at 314. At 316, the eMBB may perform blind decoding of the PDCCH candidates using all REGs for each PDCCH candidate. At 318, the eMBB WTRU may check the CRC of the decoded data from all REGs to detect errors and may receive the PDCCH (e.g., determine whether the PDCCH is for the eMBB WTRU by detecting the RNTI, etc.).

[0076] An exemplary method may be used for full preemption of the PDCCH for an eMBB WTRU when it is overlapped by a PDCCH for a URLLC WTRU. In an example, draft scheduling for an eMBB WTRU may occur independently of scheduling of the PDCCH for the URLLC WTRU. A PDCCH transmission scheduled for an eMBB WTRU may be preempted when an eMBB PDCCH candidate is needed for the URLLC WTRU's PDCCH or when an eMBB PDCCH candidate overlaps with a PDCCH scheduled for URLLC. The just-described method for full preemption of an eMBB user's PDCCH may result in a high probability of blocking for the eMBB WTRU. To avoid a high probability of blocking, a small number of additional spare PDCCH candidates, on the same CORESET or on a different CORESET, may be assigned to be monitored by the eMBB WTRU when the eMBB WTRU is not able to find and decode the target PDCCH in the default search space.

[0077] 4 is another scheduling diagram of an example scheduling method 400 for partially preempting a PDCCH for an eMBB WTRU in the presence of a PDCCH for a URLLC WTRU. A URLLC CORESET 404 (for the URLLC WTRU searching for a PDCCH) occupies OFDM symbol 401 (across all frequencies), and an eMBB CORESET 406 (for the eMBB WTRU searching for a PDCCH) partially overlaps with the URLLC CORESET 504 on one carrier frequency of OFDM symbol 401 by occupying a subset of frequencies across OFDM symbols 401 and 402. According to the example of FIG. 4, multiple REG bundles 408 for the URLLC PDCCH are scheduled in OFDM symbol 401, and multiple REG bundles 410 are scheduled in OFDM symbols 401 and 402 such that the eMBB PDCCH is preempted on REGs 412 by the URLLC PDCCH due to the CORESET overlap. Data may be transmitted subsequent to the transmission of the PDCCH on OFDM symbols 401 and 402 (eg, PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) 414).

[0078] 5 is a scheduling diagram of an example scheduling method 500 for completely preempting a PDCCH for an eMBB WTRU when overlapped by a PDCCH for a URLLC WTRU. As shown in FIG. 5, a large or main CORESET 504 for both eMBB and URLLC WTRUs may be configured on the first OFDM symbol 501 of the slot (e.g., symbol 0 if numbered from zero), and a smaller (reserve) CORESET 506 may be configured on the second (and / or third) OFDM symbol 502 of the slot containing a few PDCCH candidates for the eMBB WTRU when the intended PDCCH is preempted on the main CORESET 504. The structure of the smaller CORESET 506, including the reserve PDCCH candidates and the number and size (aggregation level) for those reserve PDCCH candidates, may be configured, for example, by RRC. The positions of spare PDCCH candidates with different aggregation levels in the spare CORESET 506 may be fixed or obtained by a hash function defined on the search space. All active eMBB WTRUs may have the same search space in the spare CORESET 506, or the corresponding search spaces may be different. Data 508 may be transmitted subsequent to the transmission of the PDCCH in CORESET 504 and / or 506.

[0079] The methods for preempting the PDCCH of an eMBB WTRU described herein may not affect the behavior of the URLLC WTRU, but may affect the behavior of the eMBB WTRU. For example, the eMBB WTRU may be explicitly or implicitly configured by the gNB (e.g., using RRC signaling) to only blindly decode PDCCH candidates in the backup CORESET, or in the backup search space if blind decoding of PDCCH candidates in the main CORESET or in the search space is unsuccessful. Implicit configuration for the eMBB WTRU behavior with respect to the backup CORESET may be done by including, during CORESET configuration, an indication of the backup status for the backup CORESET and / or an index of the main CORESET associated with the backup CORESET.

[0080] A method may be used for transmission of URLLC DCI on multiple PDCCHs by a gNB, and a corresponding method may be used for receiving URLLC WTRUs, to increase the reliability of DCI transmission to the URLLC WTRU. In an example, the reliability of DCI transmission for URLLC may be increased by adding redundancy to the PDCCH for a URLLC user. For example, the same DCI may be transmitted via two or more PDCCHs to the URLLC WTRU, or joint redundancy for multiple DCIs intended for the URLLC WTRU may be transmitted by the gNB.

[0081] In an example to increase the reliability of the control channel of URLLC, transmission of the same DCI content may be repeated on multiple PDCCHs. The PDCCH transmission may be repeated with the same rate and / or the same transmission mode (e.g., by repeating the same PDCCH on two different locations), or may be repeated using different rates (e.g., using PDCCHs with different aggregation levels) and / or different transmission modes (e.g., using interleaved vs. non-interleaved modes).

[0082] In an example, the same DCI may be transmitted via two or more PDCCH candidates of the same search space. In the example just described, two or more PDCCH candidates (with the same or different aggregation levels) may be used simultaneously by a gNB transmitting one DCI to a WTRU (e.g., a URLLC WTRU). The number or maximum number of simultaneous PDCCHs scheduled for a WTRU may be indicated in the WTRU's search space configuration (e.g., using RRC signaling) and / or may be indicated in the CORESET configuration for all associated WTRUs.

[0083] In another example, the same DCI may be transmitted via two or more PDCCH candidates of different search spaces on the same CORESET. In the example just described, two or more sets of search spaces (e.g., each set of search spaces may include multiple candidates with different aggregation levels) may be assigned to the WTRU. The WTRU may anticipate and monitor for scheduled PDCCHs on each assigned set of search spaces. RRC configuration may indicate whether the aggregation levels of multiple PDCCHs carrying the same DCI are the same or different.

[0084] When the aggregation levels of multiple PDCCHs are the same, there may be a one-to-one correspondence between candidates for a set of search spaces, as shown in Figure 6. Figure 6 is a scheduling diagram of an example method 600 for transmission of the same DCI over two PDCCH candidates, REG bundle 606 and REG bundle 608, for two different sets of search spaces 601 and 602, respectively, on the same CORESET 604. In this case, the scheduling of corresponding candidates, REG bundle 606 and REG bundle 608, in different sets of search spaces 601 and 602, respectively, may be linked to each other (i.e., corresponding candidates may be scheduled simultaneously), and this correspondence may be indicated explicitly or implicitly in the RRC configuration for the CORESET 604 and / or the set of search spaces 601, 602. This correspondence may help simplify blind detection of PDCCHs received by a WTRU on REG bundles 606 and 608. In the example of FIG. 6, each of the two or more sets for search spaces 601 and 602 may each be on a single OFDM symbol within a multi-symbol CORESET 604 and may be associated with a different beam.

[0085] In the above example, the one-to-one correspondence between PDCCH candidates for two or more different sets of search spaces may be implemented using the same RNTI and the same set of aggregation levels and number of candidates for each aggregation level as parameters for the hash function for two or more sets of search spaces. When the set of aggregation levels and the number of candidates for each aggregation level are the same for two or more sets of search spaces, the one-to-one correspondence may be based on the index of the candidate for each aggregation level. Additionally, the one-to-one correspondence rule may be predefined or configured by the gNB (e.g., using RRC signaling). The just-mentioned one-to-one correspondence between PDCCH candidates for two or more different sets of search spaces may be within one CORESET or between two or more different sets of search spaces from different CORESETs and / or different monitoring occasions.

[0086] At the receiver, the WTRU may independently perform a blind search for all sets of search spaces covering the DCI by checking the RNTI through a CRC check for each PDCCH candidate separately. In an example, if there is a one-to-one correspondence between PDCCH candidates for two or more different sets of search spaces, the WTRU may first perform channel estimation for each of the PDCCH candidates separately, then add together the received symbols of the corresponding PDCCH candidates or combine the soft decoding information of the corresponding PDCCH candidates, and perform both decoding and CRC check for the corresponding PDCCH candidates. The just-described method of combining soft decoding information may be used if the DCI is the same for the corresponding PDCCHs and the sets of bits sent via the corresponding PDCCHs are the same, which is the case if the channel coding and CRC are the same for the corresponding PDCCHs.

[0087] In another example, the same DCI may be transmitted via two or more PDCCHs on different CORESETs. In this case, the same DCI may be transmitted to the WTRU by two or more PDCCHs on different CORESETs. An indication of possible redundant transmissions may be included in the CORESET configuration or the search space (e.g., via RRC signaling) or PBCH (physical broadcast channel) configuration. Multiple CORESETs containing multiple PDCCHs transmitting the same DCI may be on the same or different BWPs.

[0088] In another example, multiple CORESETs containing multiple PDCCHs transmitting the same DCI may be on different OFDM symbols. In this case, the CORESET and PDCCH candidates carrying that DCI may be associated with different beams. Additionally, the CORESETs containing the PDCCHs may have different or the same modes of transmission (e.g., interleaved vs. non-interleaved).

[0089] When the same DCI is transmitted via multiple PDCCHs on the same CORESET, the WTRU may assume that the antenna ports of the DMRSs associated with the multiple PDCCHs are quasi-colocated with respect to delay spread, Doppler spread, Doppler shift, mean delay, and / or spatial reception (Rx) parameters. In the case of multiple PDCCHs transmitted on different CORESETs, the WTRU may not assume that the antenna ports of the DMRSs associated with the multiple PDCCHs are quasi-colocated with respect to delay spread, Doppler spread, Doppler shift, mean delay, and / or spatial reception (Rx) parameters. In the latter case, the WTRU may perform channel estimation on each PDCCH individually.

[0090] When a WTRU receives the same DCI (e.g., the same downlink assignment or uplink grant) via multiple PDCCHs, the WTRU may monitor a set of PDCCH candidates in the same or multiple search spaces. Once the CRC scrambled with the C-RNTI (cell RNTI) is checked for one PDCCH candidate, the WTRU may continue to monitor for other PDCCH candidates with CRCs scrambled with the same WTRU-specific C-RNTI. In the just-mentioned scenario, the WTRU may use the DCI detected via multiple PDCCHs with the same C-RNTI to improve the reliability of control channel detection. When the same DCI is transmitted on multiple PDCCHs, the WTRU may receive one PDCCH on a common search space and another PDCCH on a WTRU-specific search space, even if the CRCs for the multiple PDCCHs are scrambled with the same WTRU-specific C-RNTI.

[0091] In another example, PDCCH repetition may be implemented through a multi-CORESET search space. For example, to facilitate scheduling and blind detection of repeated DCI, a WTRU may be configured with a search space associated with multiple CORESETs. The search space may be semi-statically configured through higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC) by a set of parameters, such as the associated CORESET. In an exemplary manner, multiple CORESETs may be associated with one search space (or one set of search spaces), and each index of the corresponding hash function may be associated with multiple PDCCH candidates (e.g., one from each CORESET). Linked PDCCH candidates (on different CORESETs) may be used to repeat the same control information (DCI). At the receiver, the WTRU may first blindly detect the PDCCH by combining linked PDCCH candidates from different CORESETs (based on the search space or set of search spaces), and then decode the linked PDCCH candidates and check the CRC. In an example, the WTRU may decode each PDCCH candidate separately (and check the CRC of each candidate separately). Separate decoding of corresponding PDCCH candidates may provide increased reliability through multiple attempts.

[0092] In PDCCH repetition through a search space of multiple CORESETs, the CORESET-related bit field of the search space configuration may indicate a combination of CORESETs (e.g., instead of one CORESET). An example for the indication of a combination of CORESETs is to use 12 bits indicating the relationship of a subset of CORESETs configured to a search space (or a set of search spaces), e.g., instead of the current parameter ControlResourceSetId (or "CORESET-ID") in 5G NR. The mapping of the CORESET-related bit in the search space configuration to a subset of CORESETs may be predefined as a table in the standard, or may be indicated as inclusion / exclusion of the i-th CORESET using 0 or 1 as the i-th index (i from 0 to 11) in the CORESET-related bit field of the search space configuration.

[0093] In another example, if the ID of a CORESET is not defined, it can be used to define combinations of multiple CORESETs. For example, if up to 12 CORESETs (0-11) are defined and 4 bits are used to indicate the ControlResourceSetId (or "CORESET-ID") in the configuration of the search space, the last 4 values ​​(12-15) can be used to indicate pairs of CORESETs, as shown in Table 1.

[0094] [Table 1]

[0095] 7 shows an example flow diagram of a WTRU procedure 700 for PDCCH repetition through a multi-CORESET search space with soft combining for blind detection. After receiving 702 a search space (SS) configuration (e.g., through RRC or other higher layer signaling), the WTRU may determine 704 whether the configured search space is single-CORESET or multi-CORESET. For example, the WTRU may make the decision based on a received flag (indicator) bit (e.g., received in the search space configuration) or implicitly based on the number of CORESET-related bits in the search space configuration (e.g., may default to a single-CORESET search space).

[0096] If the WTRU identifies a multi-CORESET search space, at 706, the WTRU may determine an associated CORESET based on CORESET-related bits in the search space configuration and a predefined mapping (e.g., based on a standard). At 708, the WTRU may determine corresponding pairs (or tuples) of PDCCH candidates supported for carrying the same DCI (one on each CORESET) by determining the set of PDCCH candidates associated with each CORESET and the one-to-one correspondence between the PDCCH candidates in those sets. For blind detection, at 710, the WTRU may perform channel estimation separately for each REG bundle of PDCCH candidates. At 712, the WTRU may perform blind detection on each corresponding pair (or tuple) of PDCCH candidates by combining the symbols (or soft-decoding information from the symbols) of the PDCCH candidates belonging to the pair (or tuple), decoding each pair (or tuple), and checking the CRC.

[0097] If the WTRU identifies a search space of a single CORESET, the WTRU may determine the associated CORESET through a CORESET-related bit field filed in the SS's configuration at 714. The WTRU may determine a set of PDCCH candidates on each monitored occasion based on parameters of the SS's configuration at 716. At 718, the WTRU may perform blind detection by performing channel estimation and decoding each PDCCH candidate and checking CRC.

[0098] Joint redundancy may be used for multiple DCIs intended for a WTRU in URLLC. As described in the above example, multiple DCIs may be intended for the same WTRU corresponding to multiple streams or layers of data. In this case, in addition to or as an alternative to repeating each DCI on multiple PDCCHs, increased reliability through redundancy may be achieved using joint redundancy for multiple DCIs. To achieve joint redundancy, a network coding scheme may be used to increase reliability. For example, if two DCIs A and B are the same size and DCI A is transmitted to the WTRU via a first PDCCH and DCI B is transmitted to the WTRU via a second PDCCH, DCI+DCI B (e.g., added as an XOR operation) may be transmitted to the same WTRU via a third PDCCH to increase reliability.

[0099] The dropping rules may be designed to satisfy limitations on blind decoding by the WTRU. In 5G NR, as well as LTE, limitations on the maximum number of blind decodes in a timeslot may be assumed for the WTRU. To limit the complexity of channel estimation by the WTRU, the number of CCEs covered by PDCCH candidates that the WTRU may blindly decode in a slot may be limited. The inherent randomness of the hash function that defines the search space set for the WTRU may make the number of covered CCEs (or the number of CCEs in the footprint of the search space set for the WTRU) variable. Having different types of PDCCHs with different possible monitoring rates may result in variations in the number of blindly decoded PDCCH candidates. Therefore, it may be prohibitive to restrict the parameters for the search space set such that the number of blind decodes and the number of covered CCEs remain in a suitable range for all conditions.

[0100] In an example, the search space parameters may be designed so that the constraints on the number of candidates and the number of covered CCEs are met with a high probability. For low-probability cases where the constraints are exceeded, rules may be set to drop some of the PDCCH candidates from the blind decoding process to meet the hard constraints. The dropping rules may be based on many factors and variables. For example, the dropping rules may be fixed rules defined by technical specifications and / or semi-static rules configured by higher-layer signaling (e.g., RRC). The dropping rules may be based on a hierarchy of priority for different types of PDCCHs, monitoring occasions, and / or other parameters. The rules for dropping PDCCH candidates from blind decoding may be based on the aggregation level of the PDCCH candidate (e.g., having the lowest priority compared to other PDCCH candidates). The dropping rules and the associated order of priority may be based on a combination of different properties, such as those properties described above. The WTRU and / or the gNB may have knowledge of the dropping rules, and the WTRU may avoid performing a blind search for PDCCH candidates to be dropped and / or the gNB may avoid scheduling PDCCH candidates to be dropped. In an example, a fixed set of dropping rules may be used, such that one set of dropping rules may be semi-statically selected or configured by the gNB, and / or multiple sets of dropping rules may be used, with the WTRU informed of the set of dropping rules to be selected through a mechanism such as, for example, RRC configuration for CORESET or search space.

[0101] An example hierarchy of priority for different CORESETs and PDCCH candidates with different aggregation levels within each CORESET could be as follows: (1) all PDCCH candidates on a one-symbol CORESET on the first OFDM symbol of the slot; (2) all PDCCH candidates on a one-symbol CORESET on other OFDM symbols of the slot; and (3) PDCCH candidates on a multi-symbol CORESET that had smaller candidates (had smaller aggregation levels) with higher priority.

[0102] In an example, the rule for dropping a PDCCH candidate from the blind search may be based on the number of CCEs that do not overlap with CCEs for other PDCCH candidates in the set of search spaces. In other words, the PDCCH candidate(s) whose removal would result in the largest number of CCEs being removed from the pool for channel estimation may be selected and dropped from the blind search. When multiple PDCCH candidates with the same metric are identified, the index in the search space may dictate the priority.

[0103] Although features and elements are described above in particular combinations, those skilled in the art will understand that each feature or element can be used alone or in any combination with other features and elements. In addition, the methods described herein may be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware embodied in a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include electrical signals (transmitted over wired or wireless connections) and computer-readable recording media. Examples of computer-readable recording media include, but are not limited to, described ROM, random access memory (RAM), registers, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media such as internal hard disks and removable disks, and optical media such as magneto-optical media, e.g., CD-ROM disks and digital versatile disks (DVDs). A processor associated with software may be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for use in a WTRU, UE, terminal, base station, RNC, or any host computer.

Claims

1. 1. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), comprising: at least, receiving configuration information defining a first search space set and a second search space set, the first search space set including a first plurality of physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) candidates, the second search space set including a second plurality of PDCCH candidates, the configuration information including information indicating that the first search space set and the second search space set are linked, and a number of the first plurality of PDCCH candidates corresponds to a number of the second plurality of PDCCH candidates; monitoring a first transmission of downlink control information (DCI) using at least one of the first plurality of PDCCH candidates based on the received configuration information; monitoring a second transmission of the DCI using at least one of the second plurality of PDCCH candidates based on the received configuration information; decoding the DCI using either the first transmission or the second transmission; Processor configured as 1. A WTRU comprising:

2. 2. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the processor configured to decode the DCI using either the first transmission or the second transmission is further configured to decode the DCI using the first transmission and the second transmission.

3. 10. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to combine information of the second transmission with information of the first transmission.

4. 2. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the first search space set is associated with a first aggregation level, the second search space set is associated with a second aggregation level, and the second aggregation level corresponds to the first aggregation level.

5. 2. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the configuration information indicates that each of the first plurality of PDCCH candidates is linked to a respective one of the second plurality of PDCCH candidates.

6. 2. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the first search space set is associated with a first control resource set (CORESET) and the second search space set is associated with a second CORESET.

7. 10. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the first transmission and the second transmission are received using different beams.

8. 1. A method performed by a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) for receiving a downlink transmission, comprising: receiving configuration information defining a first search space set and a second search space set, the first search space set including a first plurality of physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) candidates, the second search space set including a second plurality of PDCCH candidates, the configuration information including information indicating that the first search space set and the second search space set are linked, and a number of the first plurality of PDCCH candidates corresponds to a number of the second plurality of PDCCH candidates; monitoring a first transmission of downlink control information (DCI) using at least one of the first plurality of PDCCH candidates based on the received configuration information; monitoring a second transmission of the DCI using at least one of the second plurality of PDCCH candidates based on the received configuration information; decoding the DCI using either the first transmission or the second transmission; A method comprising:

9. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein decoding the DCI using either the first transmission or the second transmission comprises decoding the DCI using the first transmission and the second transmission.

10. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising combining information of the second transmission with information of the first transmission.

11. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the first search space set is associated with a first aggregation level and the second search space set is associated with a second aggregation level, the second aggregation level corresponding to the first aggregation level.

12. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the configuration information indicates that each of the first plurality of PDCCH candidates is linked to a respective one of the second plurality of PDCCH candidates.

13. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the first search space set is associated with a first control resource set (CORESET) and the second search space set is associated with a second CORESET.

14. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the first transmission and the second transmission are received using different beams.

15. A base station, at least, transmitting configuration information defining a first search space set and a second search space set, the first search space set including a first plurality of Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) candidates, the second search space set including a second plurality of PDCCH candidates, the configuration information including information indicating that the first search space set and the second search space set are linked, and the number of the first plurality of PDCCH candidates corresponds to the number of the second plurality of PDCCH candidates; Transmitting a first transmission of downlink control information (DCI) using at least one of the first plurality of PDCCH candidates; transmitting a second transmission of the DCI using at least one of the second plurality of PDCCH candidates. Processor configured as A base station comprising:

16. 16. The base station of claim 15, wherein the first search space set is associated with a first aggregation level and the second search space set is associated with a second aggregation level corresponding to the first aggregation level.

17. 16. The base station of claim 15, wherein the configuration information indicates that each of the first plurality of PDCCH candidates of the first search space set is linked to a respective one of the second plurality of PDCCH candidates.

18. 16. The base station of claim 15, wherein the first search space set is associated with a first control resource set (CORESET) and the second search space set is associated with a second CORESET.

19. 16. The base station of claim 15, wherein the first transmission and the second transmission are transmitted using different beams.

20. 16. The base station of claim 15, wherein the first transmission and the second transmission are transmitted using different orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols.

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