Body structure and its manufacturing method

Abstract

This prevents splitting failure when tensile force is applied in the shear direction. [Solution] The long members are wooden pillars or beams, one end of which is joined to a beam-column joint 12b, and each has a hole recessed into the end face of the end at an angle relative to the longitudinal direction of the long member. Joining members 15A-15D, 16A-16D, 17A-17D, 18A-18D are steel rods, one side of which is fixed to the beam-column joint 12b, and the other side of which is inserted into the hole in the long member and fixed to the long member via adhesive injected into the hole.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a skeleton structure having wooden pillars and beams. [Background technology]

[0002] Patent Document 1 discloses a structure for connecting wooden members called "adhesively bonded anchors (GIR)" and "adhesively unbonded anchors (GIUA)." [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Patent Publication No. 2021-188326 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] GIR joints have high rigidity and strength, but are brittle. When a tensile force is applied in the axial direction of the rod-shaped member, the rod-shaped member is pulled and plastically deformed, giving the GIUA joint high rigidity, high strength, and toughness, preventing damage to the connection. However, when a tensile force is applied in the shear direction of the rod-shaped member, the joint does not become tough, and brittle failure due to splitting fracture may occur. The present invention aims to solve such problems, for example, and to prevent brittle fracture due to splitting fracture when a tensile force is applied in the shear direction of a rod-shaped member. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] The skeleton structure includes a column-beam joint, a long member, and a connecting member. The long member is a wooden column or beam, one end of which is connected to the column-beam joint and has a hole recessed from the end face of the end at an angle relative to the longitudinal direction of the long member. The connecting member is a steel rod, one side of which is fixed to the column-beam joint and the other side of which is inserted into the hole in the long member and fixed to the long member via adhesive injected into the hole. The method for manufacturing the skeleton structure includes inserting the other side of the connecting member into the hole recessed in the elongated member, and then fixing the one side of the connecting member with the other side inserted into the hole recessed in the elongated member to the column-beam joint. [Effects of the Invention]

[0006] According to the above-described body structure, stress in the shear direction can be dispersed, and even if a tensile force is generated in the shear direction of the elongated member, splitting failure can be prevented. According to the method for manufacturing the skeleton structure, it is possible to easily manufacture a skeleton structure in which joining members are inserted into holes formed obliquely in the elongated members. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0007] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an example of a body structure. [Figure 2] FIG. [Figure 3] FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. [Figure 5] AA cross-sectional view showing the pillar. [Figure 6] BB line cross-sectional view showing the pillar. [Figure 7] FIG. [Figure 8] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line CC showing the beam. [Figure 9] FIG. DD is a cross-sectional view showing the beam. [Figure 10] FIG. 3 is a plan view showing an example of reinforcement of the skeleton structure. [Figure 11] FIG. [Figure 12] FIG. [Figure 13] FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an example of a body structure. [Figure 14] FIG. [Figure 15] FIG. [Figure 16] FIG. [Figure 17] FIG. EE cross-sectional view showing the pillar. [Figure 18] FF line cross-sectional view showing the pillar. [Figure 19] FIG. [Figure 20] FIG. GG is a cross-sectional view showing the beam. [Figure 21] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the beam along line HH. [Figure 22] FIG. 10 is a plan view showing an example of a column-beam joint and a joint member. [Figure 23] FIG. [Figure 24] FIG. 4 is a side view showing the column-beam joint and the joint member. [Figure 25] FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an example of a body structure. [Figure 26] FIG. [Figure 27] FIG. 10 is a plan view showing an example of a column-beam joint and a joint member. [Figure 28] FIG. [Figure 29] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an analytical model of a comparative example of a skeleton structure. [Figure 30] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an analysis result based on the analysis model. [Figure 31] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an analytical model of an example of a skeleton structure. [Figure 32] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an analysis result based on the analysis model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0008] The skeleton structure 10A will be described with reference to FIGS. The skeleton structure 10A is a structure used in relatively large buildings, and uses wooden materials for structural members such as columns and beams. Figures 1 to 3 show only a portion of the skeleton structure 10A, focusing on the column-beam joint 12a.

[0009] The beam-column joint 12a is made of reinforced concrete and has a column-shaped portion 21a and arm portions 22a and 22b. The columnar portion 21a has a generally rectangular parallelepiped shape that is long in the vertical direction (±Z direction). Arm 22a is a generally rectangular parallelepiped that is long in the left-right direction (±X direction), and extends leftward (−X direction) from near the center of the left side surface (−X side) of columnar portion 21a. Arm 22b is a generally rectangular parallelepiped that is long in the left-right direction (±X direction), and extends rightward (+X direction) from near the center of the right side surface (+X side) of columnar portion 21a.

[0010] Pillar 13a is a long member that is long in the vertical direction (±Z direction), and only the lower (-Z side) end portion connected to column-beam joint 12a is shown. Pillar 13a is made of wood or a wood-based material, and the lower (-Z side) end face is abutted against and fixed to the upper (+Z side) end face of column-shaped portion 21a. The upper (+Z side) end portion of pillar 13a is similarly fixed to other column-beam joints, etc., not shown.

[0011] Pillar 13b is a long member that is long in the vertical direction (±Z direction), and only the upper (+Z side) end portion connected to column-beam joint 12a is shown. Pillar 13b is made of wood or a wood-based material, and the upper (+Z side) end face is abutted against and fixed to the lower (-Z side) end face of column-shaped portion 21a. The lower (-Z side) end portion of pillar 13b is similarly fixed to other column-beam joints, etc., not shown.

[0012] Beam 14a is a long member that is long in the left-right direction (±X direction), and only the right-side (+X side) end portion connected to beam-column joint 12a is shown. Beam 14a is made of wood or a wood-based material, and the right-side (+X side) end face is abutted against and fixed to the left-side (-X side) end face of arm 22a. The left-side (-X side) end portion of beam 14a is similarly fixed to another beam-column joint, not shown. Beam 14b is a long member that is long in the left-right direction (±X direction), and only the left end portion (-X side) connected to beam-column joint 12a is shown. Beam 14b is made of wood or a wood-based material, and the left end face (-X side) is abutted against and fixed to the right end face (+X side) of arm 22a. The right end portion (+X side) of beam 14b is similarly fixed to another beam-column joint (not shown).

[0013] The pillar 13a will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 4 to 6, like FIGS. 1 to 3, show only the end portion of the lower side (-Z side) of the pillar 13a. The pillar 13a has holes 35a to 35n. The holes 35a to 35n are elongated holes with a bottom recessed from the lower end face (-Z side) of the column 13a. The upper end portions (+Z side) of the reinforcing bars 15a to 15n (described later) are inserted into the holes 35a to 35n, respectively, and an adhesive such as grout is injected to fix the column 13a to the beam-column joint 12a.

[0014] The holes 35a to 35n are not parallel to the long axis direction (±Z direction) of the pillar 13a, but extend obliquely inward as shown in the cross-sectional views of Figures 5 and 6. For this reason, the distance from the opening of the holes 35a to 35n on the lower (-Z side) end face of the pillar 13a to the central axis parallel to the long axis direction (±Z direction) of the pillar 13a is greater than the distance from the bottom (tip on the +Z side) of the holes 35a to 35n to the central axis.

[0015] On the lower (-Z side) end face of the pillar 13a, the openings of the holes 35a to 35n are arranged in a substantially square ring shape. The holes 35a to 35d, whose openings are located at the vertices of a square, are recessed obliquely toward the central axis of the pillar 13a within a plane including the central axis of the pillar 13a. Holes 35e to 35g, whose openings are located halfway along the front side (-Y side) of the square, are recessed diagonally toward the back side (+Y side) within a plane (YZ plane) perpendicular to the left-right directions (±X directions). Holes 35h to 35j, whose openings are located halfway along the back side (+Y side) of the square, are recessed diagonally toward the front side (-Y side) within a plane (YZ plane) perpendicular to the left-right directions (±X directions). Holes 35k and 35l, whose openings are located halfway along the left side (-X side) of the square, are recessed diagonally toward the right side (+X side) within a plane (XZ plane) perpendicular to the front-to-back direction (±Y direction). Holes 35m and 35n, whose openings are located halfway along the right side (+X side) of the square, are recessed diagonally toward the left side (-X side) within a plane (XZ plane) perpendicular to the front-to-back direction (±Y direction).

[0016] Similarly, holes 36a to 36n (not shown) are recessed in the end portion of the upper side (+Z side) of the pillar 13b. The shape and arrangement of the holes 36a to 36n are the upside down versions of the holes 35a to 35n. Similar holes may also be recessed in the upper (+Z side) end portion of the pillar 13a and the lower (-Z side) end portion of the pillar 13b, which are not shown.

[0017] The beam 14b will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 7 to 9, like FIGS. 1 to 3, show only the left end portion (-X side) of the beam 14b. The beam 14b has holes 48a to 48i. The holes 48a to 48i are elongated holes with a bottom recessed from the left end face (-X side) of the beam 14b. The right end portions (+X side) of the reinforcing bars 18a to 18i (described later) are inserted into the holes 48a to 48i, respectively, and an adhesive such as grout is injected to fix the beam 14b to the beam-column joint 12a.

[0018] The holes 48a to 48f are not parallel to the long axis directions (±X directions) of the beam 14b, but extend obliquely inward as shown in the cross-sectional view of Fig. 9. For this reason, the distance from the openings of the holes 48a to 48f in the left end face (-X side) of the beam 14b to the central axis parallel to the long axis directions (±X directions) of the beam 14b is greater than the distance from the bottoms (tips on the +X side) of the holes 48a to 48f to the central axis. In contrast, as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 8, the holes 48g to 48i extend substantially parallel to the long axis direction (±X direction) of the beam 14b.

[0019] On the left end face (-X side) of the beam 14b, the openings of the holes 48a to 48i are arranged in a 3×3 approximately rectangular lattice pattern. Holes 48a to 48c, whose openings are located on the upper side (+Z side), are recessed obliquely downward (-Z side) within a plane (XZ plane) perpendicular to the front-rear direction (±Y direction). Holes 48d to 48f, whose openings are located on the lower side (-Z side), are recessed obliquely toward the upper side (+Z side) within a plane (XZ plane) perpendicular to the front-rear direction (±Y direction).

[0020] As described above, the holes 48g-48i, whose openings are located at the center in the vertical direction (±Z direction), extend substantially parallel to the central axis of the beam 14b. The depths of the holes 48g-48i are smaller than those of the holes 48a-48f.

[0021] Similarly, holes 47a to 47i (not shown) are recessed in the right end portion (+X side) of the beam 14a. The shapes and arrangement of the holes 47a to 47i are the left-right inversion of the holes 48a to 48i. Similar holes may also be recessed in the left end (-X side) of beam 14a and the right end (+X side) of beam 14b, both of which are not shown.

[0022] The arrangement of reinforcing bars arranged in the beam-to-column joint 12a will be described with reference to FIGS. As described above, the beam-column joint 12a is made of reinforced concrete and is formed by pouring concrete around the reinforcing bars. In Figures 10 to 12, the concrete is omitted so that the internal reinforcing bars can be seen.

[0023] The beam-column joint 12a includes, for example, reinforcing bars 15a-15n, 16a-16n, 17a-17i, and 18a-18i, main reinforcements 23a-23f, and hoops 25a-25b, 26a-26m, 27a-27b, 28a-28b, and 29a-29n. These are, for example, steel rods. Of these, the reinforcing bars 15a-15n, 16a-16n, 17a-17i, and 18a-18i are partially embedded in the concrete of the beam-column joint 12a and function as the main reinforcement of the beam-column joint 12a, while partially exposed outside the concrete of the beam-column joint 12a and function as connecting members connecting the beam-column joint 12a to the columns 13a and 13b and the beams 14a and 14b.

[0024] The reinforcing bars 15a to 15n are bent at an obtuse angle at their middle portions (bent portions). The portions (main reinforcement portions) below the bent portions (-Z side) extend substantially parallel in the vertical direction (±Z direction) and are embedded in the columnar portions 21a of the beam-column joints 12a. The portions (joint portions) above the bent portions (+Z side) are exposed to the outside from the upper (+Z side) end faces of the columnar portions 21a, extend obliquely in the vertical direction (±Z direction) corresponding to the holes 35a to 35n of the column 13a, and are inserted into and fixed in the holes 35a to 35n.

[0025] Similarly, reinforcing bars 16a-16n are bent at an obtuse angle at their middle portions (bent portions). The portions (main reinforcement portions) above the bent portions (+Z side) extend substantially parallel in the vertical direction (±Z direction) and are embedded in columnar portions 21a of beam-column joints 12a. The portions (joint portions) below the bent portions (+Z side) are exposed to the outside from the lower (-Z side) end faces of columnar portions 21a, extend obliquely in the vertical direction (±Z direction) corresponding to holes 36a-36n of column 13b, and are inserted into and fixed in holes 36a-36n.

[0026] The main reinforcement portions of the reinforcing bars 16a to 16n are longer than the main reinforcement portions of the reinforcing bars 15a to 15n, and their upper (+Z side) ends reach just below the lower (-Z side) ends of the main reinforcement portions of the reinforcing bars 15a to 15n. This allows the main reinforcement portions of the reinforcing bars 15a to 15n and the main reinforcement portions of the reinforcing bars 16a to 16n to collectively function as the main reinforcement of the columnar portion 21a. Note that the reinforcing bars 15a to 15n and the reinforcing bars 16a to 16n may be connected by a joint or the like.

[0027] Reinforcing bars 17a-17f are also bent at an obtuse angle at their middle portions (bent portions). The portions (main reinforcement portions) to the right of the bent portions (+X side) extend substantially parallel in the left-right direction (±X direction) and are embedded in arm portion 22a of beam-column joint 12a. The portions (joint portions) to the left of the bent portions (-X side) are exposed to the outside from the left end face (-X side) of arm portion 22a, extend obliquely in the left-right direction (±X direction) corresponding to holes 47a-47f in beam 14a, and are inserted into and fixed in holes 47a-47f. In contrast, reinforcing bars 17g to 17i extend straight and approximately parallel to the left-right direction (±X direction), but like reinforcing bars 17a to 17f, the right-side (+X side) portion (main reinforcement) is embedded in arm 22a of column-beam joint 12a, and the left-side (-X side) portion (joint) is exposed to the outside from the -X side end face of arm 22a and is inserted into and fixed in holes 47g to 47i in beam 14a. The main reinforcement portions of reinforcing bars 17g to 17i extend further to the right (+X direction) than the main reinforcement portions of reinforcing bars 17a to 17f, and their right (+X side) ends are located to the right (+X side) of the main reinforcement portions of reinforcing bars 17a to 17f.

[0028] Similarly, reinforcing bars 18a-18f are bent at an obtuse angle at their middle portions (bent portions). The portion (main reinforcement) to the left of the bent portion (-X side) extends approximately parallel in the left-right direction (±X direction) and is embedded in arm portion 22b of beam-column joint 12a. The portion (joint) to the right of the bent portion (+X side) is exposed to the outside from the right end face (+X side) of arm portion 22b, extends obliquely in the left-right direction (±X direction) corresponding to holes 48a-48f of beam 14b, and is inserted and fixed into holes 48a-48f. In contrast, reinforcing bars 18g to 18i extend straight and approximately parallel to the left-right direction (±X direction) as a whole, but like reinforcing bars 18a to 18f, the left-side (-X side) portion (main reinforcement) is embedded in arm 22b of column-beam joint 12a, and the right-side (+X side) portion (joint) is exposed to the outside from the right-side (+X side) end face of arm 22b, and is inserted into and fixed in holes 48g to 48i in beam 14b. The main reinforcement portions of reinforcing bars 18g to 18i extend further to the left (-X direction) than the main reinforcement portions of reinforcing bars 18a to 18f, and their left (-X side) ends are located to the left (-X side) of the main reinforcement portions of reinforcing bars 18a to 18f.

[0029] The main reinforcements 23a to 23f extend generally parallel to the left and right (±X directions), with the left (-X side) portions embedded in the concrete of the arm portion 22a of the column-beam joint 12a, the central portions embedded in and passing through the concrete of the column-shaped portion 21a of the column-beam joint 12a, and the right (+X side) portions embedded in the concrete of the arm portion 22b of the column-beam joint 12a. The left (-X side) ends of the main reinforcements 23a to 23f are located immediately to the right of the right (+X side) ends of the main reinforcement portions of the reinforcing bars 17a to 17f. Also, the right (+X side) ends of the main reinforcement portions 23a to 23f are located immediately to the left of the left (-X side) ends of the main reinforcement portions of the reinforcing bars 18a to 18f. As a result, the main reinforcement portions of the reinforcing bars 17a to 17f, the main reinforcement portions 23a to 23f, and the main reinforcement portions of the reinforcing bars 18a to 18f collectively function as the main reinforcement portions of the arm portions 22a and 22b. The main reinforcement portions 23a to 23f may be connected to the reinforcing bars 17a to 17f and 18a to 18f by joints or the like.

[0030] The tie bars 25a and 25b form an approximately square ring shape around the entire main reinforcement portion of the reinforcing bars 15a to 15n in a plane (XY plane) that is approximately perpendicular to the vertical direction (±Z direction), and are fixed to the main reinforcement portion of the reinforcing bars 15a to 15n. The tie bars 26a to 26m surround the entire main reinforcement portion of the reinforcing bars 16a to 16n in a plane (XY plane) that is approximately perpendicular to the vertical direction (±Z direction), forming an approximately square ring, and are fixed to the main reinforcement portion of the reinforcing bars 16a to 16n. The ties 25a, 25b and 26a to 26m are arranged at approximately equal intervals in the vertical direction (±Z direction) and are embedded in the column-like portion 21a of the beam-to-column joint 12a.

[0031] The tie bars 27a and 27b form an approximately rectangular ring shape that surrounds the entire main reinforcement portion of the reinforcing bars 17a to 17i in a plane (YZ plane) that is approximately perpendicular to the left-right direction (±X direction), and are fixed to the main reinforcement portion of the reinforcing bars 17a to 17h. The tie bars 28a and 28b form an approximately rectangular ring shape that surrounds the entire main reinforcement portion of the reinforcing bars 18a to 18i in a plane (YZ plane) that is approximately perpendicular to the left-right direction (±X direction), and are fixed to the main reinforcement portion of the reinforcing bars 18a to 18h. The ties 29a-29o form a substantially rectangular ring shape around the main reinforcements 23a-23f in a plane (YZ plane) substantially perpendicular to the left-right direction (±X direction) so as to surround the main reinforcements 23a-23f as a whole, and are fixed to the main reinforcements 23a-23f. The ties 29a and 29b are also fixed to the reinforcing bars 17g and 17h. Similarly, the ties 29n and 29o are also fixed to the reinforcing bars 18g and 18h. The ties 27a, 27b, and 29a to 29g are spaced apart from each other in the left-right direction (±X direction) at approximately equal intervals and embedded in the arm 22a of the beam-column joint 12a. Similarly, the ties 28a, 28b, and 29h to 29o are spaced apart from each other in the left-right direction (±X direction) at approximately equal intervals and embedded in the arm 22b of the beam-column joint 12a.

[0032] As described above, the joints (joint members) of holes 35a to 35n, 36a to 36n, 47a to 47f, and 48a to 48f recessed in columns 13a and 13b and beams 14a and 14b and reinforcing bars 15a to 15n, 16a to 16n, 17a to 17f, and 18a to 18f inserted and fixed therein are not parallel but oblique to the longitudinal axis direction of columns 13a and 13b and beams 14a and 14b, so that stress in the shear direction can be dispersed and splitting failure can be prevented even if tensile force is generated in the shear direction of columns 13a and 13b and beams 14a and 14b.

[0033] The skeleton structure 10A is fabricated, for example, by the following procedure. First, the joints of the reinforcing bars 16a to 16n are inserted into the holes 36a to 36n recessed downward (in the -Z direction) from the end face of the upper side (+Z side) of the lower side (-Z side) of the pillar 13b. Next, the ties 26a to 26m are wound around and fixed to the main reinforcement portions of the reinforcing bars 16a to 16n. Thereafter, adhesive such as grout is injected into the holes 36a to 36n of the pillar 13b to fix the reinforcing bars 16a to 16n to the pillar 13b.

[0034] Then, the main reinforcements 23a to 23f are placed and fixed to the reinforcing bars 16a to 16n fixed to the pillar 13b. Furthermore, the hoops 29a to 29o are wound around and fixed to the main reinforcements 23a to 23f.

[0035] Furthermore, the joints of the reinforcing bars 17a to 17i are inserted into holes 47a to 47i recessed leftward (−X direction) from the end face of the right side (+X side) of the left side (−X side) beam 14a. Next, the ties 27a and 27b are wound around and fixed to the main reinforcement portions of the reinforcing bars 17a to 17g and 17i. Thereafter, adhesive such as grout is injected into the holes 47a to 47i of the beam 14a to fix the reinforcing bars 17a to 17i to the beam 14a.

[0036] Then, beam 14a to which reinforcing bars 17a to 17i are fixed is placed close to the left side (-X side) of main reinforcements 23a to 23f, and the main reinforcement portions of reinforcing bars 17g and 17h are fixed to tie bars 29a and 29b fixed to main reinforcements 23a to 23f.

[0037] Similarly, the joints of the reinforcing bars 18a to 18i are inserted into holes 48a to 48i recessed rightward (+X direction) from the end face of the left side (-X side) of the right side (+X side) beam 14b. Next, the ties 28a and 28b are wound around and fixed to the main reinforcement portions of the reinforcing bars 18a to 18g and 18i. Thereafter, adhesive such as grout is injected into the holes 48a to 48i of the beam 14b to fix the reinforcing bars 18a to 18i to the beam 14b.

[0038] Then, beam 14b to which reinforcing bars 18a to 18i are fixed is placed close to the right side (+X side) of main reinforcements 23a to 23f, and the main reinforcement portions of reinforcing bars 18g and 18h ​​are fixed to tie bars 29n and 29o fixed to main reinforcements 23a to 23f.

[0039] Thereafter, concrete is poured into the formwork up to the height of the upper (+Z side) side of the arm portions 22a and 22b, thereby completing the beam-column joint 12a partway. The upper (+Z side) portions of the reinforcing bars 16a-16n and the hoops 26k-26m are left exposed on top of the concrete.

[0040] In addition, the joints of the reinforcing bars 15a to 15n are inserted into holes 35a to 35n recessed upward (in the +Z direction) from the end face of the lower side (-Z side) of the upper side (+Z side) of the pillar 13a. Next, the ties 25a and 25b are wound around and fixed to the main reinforcement portions of the reinforcing bars 15a to 15n. Thereafter, adhesive such as grout is injected into the holes 35a to 35n of the pillar 13a to fix the reinforcing bars 15a to 15n to the pillar 13a.

[0041] Then, pillar 13a to which reinforcing bars 15a to 15n are fixed is disposed adjacent to the upper side (+Z side) of reinforcing bars 16a to 16n. Thereafter, concrete is poured into the formwork to complete the beam-column joint 12a.

[0042] Since the skeleton structure 10A is fabricated using the above-described procedure, the skeleton structure 10A can be easily fabricated in which the joints of the reinforcing bars 15a-15n, 16a-16n, 17a-17f, and 18a-18f are inserted into the holes 35a-35n, 36a-36n, 47a-47f, and 48a-48f that are obliquely recessed in the columns 13a and 13b and the beams 14a and 14b.

[0043] The skeleton structure 10B will be described with reference to FIGS. The skeleton structure 10B differs from the skeleton structure 10A in that the column-beam joints 12b are made of steel, not reinforced concrete.

[0044] As described above, the beam-column joint 12b is made of steel and has a column-shaped portion 21b and arm portions 22c and 22d. The columnar portion 21b has a shape that is long in the vertical direction (±Z direction). Arm 22c is elongated in the left-right direction (±X direction) and extends leftward (−X direction) from near the center of the left (−X side) side surface of columnar portion 21b. Arm 22c has studs 24a to 24h. Studs 24a to 24h protrude upward (+Z direction) from flange 222c (described below) on the upper side (+Z side) of arm 22c. Arm 22d is elongated in the left-right directions (±X directions) and extends rightward (+X direction) from near the center of the right side surface (+X side) of columnar portion 21b. Arm 22d has studs 24i to 24p. Studs 24i to 24p protrude upward (+Z direction) from flange 222d (described below) on the upper side (+Z side) of arm 22d.

[0045] Pillar 13c is a long member that is long in the vertical direction (±Z direction), and only the lower (-Z side) end portion connected to column-beam joint 12b is shown. Pillar 13c is made of wood or a wood-based material, and the lower (-Z side) end face is fixed to the upper (+Z side) end face of column-shaped portion 21b via mortar 19a, such as non-shrink mortar. The upper (+Z side) end portion of pillar 13c is similarly fixed to other column-beam joints, not shown.

[0046] Pillar 13d is a long member that is long in the vertical direction (±Z direction), and only the upper (+Z side) end portion connected to column-beam joint 12b is shown. Pillar 13d is made of wood or a wood-based material, and the upper (+Z side) end face is fixed to the lower (-Z side) end face of column-shaped portion 21b via mortar 19b such as non-shrink mortar. The lower (-Z side) end portion of pillar 13d is similarly fixed to other column-beam joints, not shown.

[0047] Beam 14c is a long member that is long in the left-right direction (±X direction), and only the right-side (+X side) end portion connected to beam-column joint 12b is shown. Beam 14c is made of wood or a wood-based material, and the right-side (+X side) end face is fixed to the left-side (-X side) end face of arm 22c via mortar 19c such as non-shrink mortar. The left-side (-X side) end portion of beam 14c is similarly fixed to another beam-column joint, not shown. Bolts 44a to 44h, such as lag screw bolts, are attached to the beam 14c. The lower (-Z side) portions of the bolts 44a to 44h are fitted into the beam 14c from the upper (+Z side) side surface of the beam 14c downward (-Z direction) and are screwed into the beam 14c to be fixed, and the upper (+Z side) portions are exposed to the upper (+Z side) side from the upper (+Z side) side surface of the beam 14c and extend upward (+Z direction).

[0048] Beam 14d is a long member that is long in the left-right direction (±X direction), and only the left side (-X side) end portion connected to beam-column joint 12b is shown. Beam 14d is made of wood or a wood-based material, and the left side (-X side) end face is fixed to the right side (+X side) end face of arm 22d via mortar 19d, such as non-shrink mortar. The right side (+X side) end portion of beam 14d is similarly fixed to another beam-column joint, not shown. Bolts 44i to 44p, such as lag screw bolts, are attached to the beam 14d. The lower (-Z side) portions of the bolts 44i to 44p are fitted into the beam 14d from the upper (+Z side) side surface of the beam 14d downward (-Z direction) and screwed into the beam 14d to be fixed, and the upper (+Z side) portions are exposed to the upper (+Z side) side from the upper (+Z side) side surface of the beam 14d and extend upward (+Z direction).

[0049] The pillar 13c will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 16 to 18, like FIGS. 13 to 15, show only the end portion of the lower side (-Z side) of the pillar 13c. The pillar 13c has holes 35A to 35F. The holes 35A to 35F are elongated holes with a bottom recessed from the lower end face (-Z side) of the column 13c. The upper end portions (+Z side) of the joining members 15A to 15F (described later) are inserted into the holes 35A to 35F, respectively, and an adhesive such as grout is injected to fix the column 13c to the beam-column joint 12b.

[0050] Holes 35A to 35D are not parallel to the long axis direction (±Z direction) of pillar 13c, but extend obliquely inward as shown in the cross-sectional view of Fig. 17. For this reason, the distance from the opening of holes 35A to 35D on the lower (-Z side) end face of pillar 13c to the central axis parallel to the long axis direction (±Z direction) of pillar 13c is greater than the distance from the bottom (tip on the +Z side) of holes 35A to 35D to the central axis. In contrast, as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 18, the holes 35E and 35F are substantially parallel to the long axis direction (±Z direction) of the pillar 13c.

[0051] The openings of the holes 35A to 35F in the lower end face (-Z side) of the pillar 13c are arranged in a 3x2 approximately rectangular lattice pattern. Holes 35A and 35B, whose openings are located on the left side (-X side), are recessed diagonally toward the right side (+X side) within a plane (XZ plane) perpendicular to the front-to-back direction (±Y direction). Holes 35C and 35D, whose openings are located on the right side (+X side), are recessed diagonally toward the left side (-X side) within a plane (XZ plane) perpendicular to the front-to-back direction (±Y direction).

[0052] As described above, holes 35E and 35F, whose openings are located in the center in the left-right direction (±X direction), extend substantially parallel to the central axis of pillar 13c. Also, holes 35E and 35F are smaller in depth than holes 35A to 35D.

[0053] Similarly, holes 36A to 36F (not shown) are recessed in the end portion on the upper side (+Z side) of the pillar 13d. The shape and arrangement of the holes 36A to 36F are the upside-down shapes of the holes 36A to 36F. Similar holes may also be recessed in the upper (+Z side) end portion of the pillar 13c and the lower (-Z side) end portion of the pillar 13d, which are not shown.

[0054] The beam 14d will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 19 to 21, like FIGS. 13 to 15, show only the left end portion (-X side) of the beam 14d. The beam 14d has holes 48A to 48F. The holes 48A to 48F are elongated holes with a bottom recessed from the left end face (-X side) of the beam 14d. The right end portions (+X side) of the joining members 18A to 18F (described later) are inserted into the holes 48A to 48F, respectively, and an adhesive such as grout is injected to fix the beam 14d to the beam-column joint 12b.

[0055] The holes 48A to 48D are not parallel to the long axis directions (±X directions) of the beam 14d, but extend obliquely inward as shown in the cross-sectional view of Fig. 21. Therefore, the distance from the openings of the holes 48A to 48D in the left end face (-X side) of the beam 14d to the central axis parallel to the long axis directions (±X directions) of the beam 14d is greater than the distance from the bottoms (tips on the +X side) of the holes 48A to 48D to the central axis. In contrast, as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 20, the holes 48E and 48F are substantially parallel to the major axis directions (±X directions) of the beam 14d.

[0056] The openings of the holes 48A to 48F in the end face on the left side (-X side) of the beam 14d are arranged in a 2×3 approximately rectangular lattice pattern. Holes 48A and 48B, whose openings are located on the upper side (+Z side), are recessed diagonally toward the lower side (-Z side) within a plane (XZ plane) perpendicular to the front-to-back direction (±Y direction). Holes 48C and 48D, whose openings are located on the lower side (-Z side), are recessed diagonally toward the upper side (+Z side) within a plane (XZ plane) perpendicular to the front-to-back direction (±Y direction).

[0057] As described above, holes 48E and 48F, whose openings are located at the center in the vertical direction (±Z direction), extend substantially parallel to the central axis of beam 14d. Also, holes 48E and 48F are smaller in depth than holes 48A to 48D.

[0058] Similarly, holes 47A to 47F (not shown) are recessed in the end portion on the right side (+X side) of the beam 14c. The shapes and arrangement of the holes 47A to 47F are the left-right inversion of the holes 48A to 48F. Similar holes may also be recessed in the left end (-X side) of beam 14c and the right end (+X side) of beam 14d, both of which are not shown.

[0059] The beam-to-column joint 12b and the joint members 15A to 15F, 16A to 16F, 17A to 17F, and 18A to 18F will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. The columnar portion 21b has, for example, an H-shaped steel member made up of a web 211 and flanges 212 and 213, intermediate plates 214a to 214d, and end plates 215a, 215b, 216a, and 216b.

[0060] The web 211 has a generally rectangular plate shape that is long in the up-down direction (±Z direction), and is disposed generally perpendicular to the front-rear direction (±Y direction). The flanges 212 and 213 are in the form of a substantially rectangular plate that is long in the vertical direction (±Z direction), and are disposed substantially perpendicular to the horizontal direction (±X direction).

[0061] End plates 215a and 215b are made of steel and have a generally rectangular plate shape. They are disposed at the tip of the upper side (+Z side) of columnar portion 21b, generally perpendicular to the up-down direction (±Z direction), and are fixed to web 211 and flanges 212 and 213 by welding or the like. End plate 215a has through holes for fixing joining members 15A, 15C, and 15E (described later). End plate 215b has through holes for fixing joining members 15B, 15D, and 15F (described later). End plates 216a and 216b are made of steel and have a generally rectangular plate shape. They are disposed at the tip of the lower side (-Z side) of columnar portion 21b so as to be generally perpendicular to the up-down direction (±Z direction), and are fixed to web 211 and flanges 212 and 213 by welding or the like. End plate 216a has through holes for fixing joining members 16A, 16C, and 16E (described later). End plate 216b has through holes for fixing joining members 16B, 16D, and 16F (described later).

[0062] The intermediate plates 214a to 214d are made of steel and have a generally rectangular plate shape, are arranged generally perpendicular to the up-down direction (±Z direction), and are fixed to the web 211 and flanges 212 and 213 by welding or the like. The intermediate plates 214a and 214b are disposed at positions corresponding to flanges 222c and 222d (described later) on the upper side (+Z side) of the arm portions 22c and 22d. The intermediate plates 214c and 214d are disposed at positions corresponding to flanges 223c and 223d (described later) on the lower side (-Z side) of the arm portions 22c and 22d.

[0063] The end plates 215a and 216a and the intermediate plates 214a and 214c are disposed on the front side (-Y side) of the web 211, at positions surrounded on three sides by the web 211 and the flanges 212 and 213. The end plates 215b and 216b and the intermediate plates 214b and 214d are disposed on the far side (+Y side) of the web 211, surrounded on three sides by the web 211 and the flanges 212 and 213.

[0064] The arm portion 22c has an H-shaped steel beam made up of a web 221c and flanges 222c and 223c, end plates 227c and 227d, and studs 24a to 24h.

[0065] The web 221c has a generally rectangular plate shape that is long in the left-right direction (±X direction) and is disposed generally perpendicular to the front-rear direction (±Y direction). The flanges 222c and 223c are in the form of a substantially rectangular plate that is long in the left-right direction (±X direction), and are disposed substantially perpendicular to the up-down direction (±Z direction). The right (+X side) tip portions of the web 221c and flanges 222c and 223c are fixed by welding or the like to the left (-X side) side surface of the left (-X side) flange 212 of the columnar portion 21b.

[0066] End plates 227c and 227d are made of steel and have a generally rectangular plate shape. They are disposed at the tip of the left side (-X side) of arm portion 22c so as to be generally perpendicular to the left-right direction (±X direction), and are fixed to web 221c and flanges 222c and 223c by welding or the like. End plate 227c has through holes for fixing joining members 17A, 17C, and 17E (described later). End plate 227d has through holes for fixing joining members 17B, 17D, and 17F (described later). End plate 227c is disposed on the near side (-Y side) of web 221c, surrounded on three sides by web 221c and flanges 222c and 223c. End plate 227d is disposed on the far side (+Y side) of web 221c, surrounded on three sides by web 221c and flanges 222c and 223c.

[0067] The studs 24a to 24h are fixed to the upper (+Z side) surface of the upper (+Z side) flange 222c, and extend upward (in the +Z direction).

[0068] The arm portion 22d has an H-shaped steel beam made up of a web 221d and flanges 222d and 223d, end plates 228c and 228d, and studs 24i to 24p.

[0069] The web 221d has a generally rectangular plate shape that is long in the left-right direction (±X direction) and is disposed generally perpendicular to the front-rear direction (±Y direction). The flanges 222d and 223d are in the form of a substantially rectangular plate that is long in the left-right direction (±X direction), and are disposed substantially perpendicular to the up-down direction (±Z direction). The left (-X side) tip portions of the web 221d and flanges 222d and 223d are fixed by welding or the like to the right (+X side) side surface of the right (+X side) flange 213 of the columnar portion 21b.

[0070] End plates 228c and 228d are made of steel and have a generally rectangular plate shape. They are disposed at the tip of the right side (+X side) of arm 22d generally perpendicular to the left-right direction (±X direction) and are fixed to web 221d and flanges 222d and 223d by welding or the like. End plate 228c has through holes for fixing joining members 18A, 18C, and 18E (described later). End plate 228d has through holes for fixing joining members 18B, 18D, and 18F (described later). End plate 228c is disposed on the near side (-Y side) of web 221d, surrounded on three sides by web 221d and flanges 222d and 223d. End plate 228d is disposed on the far side (+Y side) of web 221d, surrounded on three sides by web 221d and flanges 222d and 223d.

[0071] The studs 24i to 24p are fixed to the upper (+Z side) surface of the upper (+Z side) flange 222d, and extend upward (in the +Z direction).

[0072] The skeleton structure 10B further includes connecting members 15A to 15F, 16A to 16F, 17A to 17F, and 18A to 18F.

[0073] The joint members 15A to 15F are fixed to the end plates 215a and 215b of the column-shaped portion 21b of the beam-column joint 12b using, for example, nuts 51a to 51f and long nuts 52a to 52f. Joint members 15A to 15D are bent at an obtuse angle at their middle portions (bent portions). The portions (mounting portions) below the bent portions (-Z side) extend substantially parallel to the vertical direction (±Z direction) and are fixed to beam-column joint 12b. The portions (joint portions) above the bent portions (+Z side) extend obliquely relative to the vertical direction (±Z direction) to correspond to holes 35A to 35D in column 13c, and are inserted into and fixed to holes 35A to 35D. In contrast, the entire joint members 15E and 15F extend straight and substantially parallel to the vertical direction (±Z direction). The lower (-Z side) portions (mounting portions) of joint members 15E and 15F are fixed to column-beam joint portion 12b, and the upper (+Z side) portions (joint portions) are inserted into and fixed to holes 35E and 35F in column 13c. Furthermore, the joint portions of joint members 15E and 15F are shorter than the joint portions of joint members 15A to 15D, corresponding to the depth of holes 35E and 35F in column 13c.

[0074] The joint members 16A to 16F are fixed to the end plates 216a and 216b of the column-shaped portion 21b of the beam-column joint 12b using, for example, nuts 61a to 61f and long nuts 62a to 62f. Joint members 16A to 16D are bent at an obtuse angle at their middle portions (bent portions). The portions (mounting portions) above the bent portions (+Z side) extend substantially parallel in the vertical direction (±Z direction) and are fixed to beam-column joint 12b. The portions (joint portions) below the bent portions (-Z side) extend obliquely in the vertical direction (±Z direction) to correspond to holes 36A to 36D in column 13d, and are inserted into and fixed to holes 36A to 36D. In contrast, the entire joint members 16E and 16F extend straight and substantially parallel to the vertical direction (±Z direction). The upper (+Z side) portions (mounting portions) of joint members 15E and 15F are fixed to column-beam joint portion 12b, and the lower (-Z side) portions (joint portions) are inserted into and fixed to holes 36E and 36F in pillar 13d. Furthermore, the joint portions of joint members 16E and 16F are shorter than the joint portions of joint members 16A to 16D, corresponding to the depth of holes 36E and 36F in pillar 13d.

[0075] The joint members 17A to 17F are fixed to the end plates 227c and 227d of the arm portion 22c of the beam-to-column joint portion 12b using, for example, nuts 71a to 71f and long nuts 72a to 72f. Joint members 17A to 17D are bent at an obtuse angle at their middle portions (bent portions). The portions (mounting portions) to the right of the bent portions (+X side) extend substantially parallel in the left-right direction (±X direction) and are fixed to beam-column joint 12b. The portions (joint portions) to the left of the bent portions (-X side) extend obliquely in the left-right direction (±X direction) to correspond to holes 47A to 47D in beam 14c and are inserted into and fixed to holes 47A to 47D. In contrast, the entire joint members 17E and 17F extend straight and substantially parallel to the left-right direction (±X direction). The right (+X side) portions (mounting portions) of the joint members 17E and 17F are fixed to the column-beam joint portion 12b, and the left (-X side) portions (joint portions) are inserted into and fixed to the holes 47E and 47F of the beam 14c. Furthermore, the joint portions of the joint members 17E and 17F are shorter than the joint portions of the joint members 17A to 17D, corresponding to the depth of the holes 47E and 47F of the beam 14c.

[0076] The joint members 18A to 18F are fixed to the end plates 228c and 228d of the arm portion 22d of the beam-to-column joint 12b using, for example, nuts 81a to 81f and long nuts 82a to 82f. The joint members 18A to 18D are bent at an obtuse angle at their middle portions (bent portions). The portions (mounting portions) to the left (-X side) of the bent portions extend substantially parallel in the left-right direction (±X direction) and are fixed to the column-beam joint 12b. The portions (joint portions) to the right (+X side) of the bent portions extend obliquely in the left-right direction (±X direction) to correspond to the holes 48A to 48D of the beam 14d and are inserted into and fixed to the holes 48A to 48D. In contrast, the entire joint members 18E and 18F extend straight and substantially parallel to the left-right direction (±X direction). The left (-X side) portions (mounting portions) of the joint members 18E and 18F are fixed to the column-beam joint portion 12b, and the right (+X side) portions (joint portions) are inserted into and fixed to the holes 48E and 48F of the beam 14d. Furthermore, the joint portions of the joint members 18E and 18F are shorter than the joint portions of the joint members 18A to 18D, corresponding to the depth of the holes 48E and 48F of the beam 14d.

[0077] As described above, the joints of holes 35A-35D, 36A-36D, 47A-47D, and 48A-48D recessed in columns 13c and 13d and beams 14c and 14d and connecting members 15A-15D, 16A-16D, 17A-17D, and 18A-18D inserted and fixed therein are not parallel but oblique to the longitudinal axis direction of columns 13c and 13d and beams 14c and 14d, so that stress in the shear direction can be dispersed and splitting failure can be prevented even if tensile force is generated in the shear direction of columns 13c and 13d and beams 14c and 14d.

[0078] The skeleton structure 10B is fabricated, for example, by the following procedure. First, the joint portions of the joint members 16A to 16F are inserted into the holes 36A to 36F recessed downward (in the -Z direction) from the end face of the upper (+Z side) side of the lower (-Z side) pillar 13d. Next, the column-beam joint 12b is positioned so that the column-shaped portion 21b is close to the upper side (+Z side) of the column 13d, and the mounting portions of the joining members 16A to 16F are inserted into the through holes provided in the end plates 216a and 216b, and the joining members 16A to 16F are fixed to the column-beam joint 12b using nuts 61a to 61f and long nuts 62a to 62f. Thereafter, adhesive such as grout is injected into the holes 36A to 36F of the pillar 13d to fix the joining members 16A to 16F to the pillar 13d. Then, mortar is poured into the formwork to form mortar 19b in the gaps between the upper (+Z side) end faces of the column 13d and the end plates 216a and 216b.

[0079] The joints of the joint members 17A to 17F are inserted into holes 47A to 47F recessed leftward (-X direction) from the end face of the right side (+X side) of the left side (-X side) beam 14c. Next, the beam 14c to which the joining members 17A to 17F are attached is positioned close to the left side (-X side) of the arm portion 22c of the column-beam joint 12b, and the mounting portions of the joining members 17A to 17F are inserted into the through holes provided in the end plates 227c and 227d, and the joining members 17A to 17F are fixed to the column-beam joint 12b using nuts 71a to 71f and long nuts 72a to 72f. Thereafter, adhesive such as grout is poured into the holes 47A to 47F of the beam 14c to fix the joining members 17A to 17F to the beam 14c. Then, mortar is poured into the formwork to form mortar 19c in the gaps between the end face on the right side (+X side) of the beam 14c and the end plates 227c and 227d.

[0080] Similarly, the joints of the joint members 18A to 18F are inserted into holes 48A to 48F recessed rightward (+X direction) from the left (-X side) end face of the right (+X side) beam 14d. Next, the beam 14d to which the joining members 18A to 18F are attached is positioned close to the right side (+X side) of the arm portion 22d of the column-beam joint 12b, and the mounting portions of the joining members 18A to 18F are inserted into the through holes provided in the end plates 228c and 228d, and the joining members 18A to 18F are fixed to the column-beam joint 12b using nuts 81a to 81f and long nuts 82a to 82f. Thereafter, adhesive such as grout is poured into the holes 48A to 48F of the beam 14d to fix the joining members 18A to 18F to the beam 14d. Then, mortar is poured into the formwork to form mortar 19d in the gaps between the end face on the left side (-X side) of the beam 14d and the end plates 228c and 228d.

[0081] In addition, the joint portions of the joint members 15A to 15F are inserted into holes 35A to 35F recessed upward (in the +Z direction) from the end face of the lower side (-Z side) of the upper side (+Z side) of the pillar 13c. Next, column 13c is placed close to the upper side (+Z side) of column-shaped portion 21b of column-beam joint 12b, and the mounting portions of joining members 15A to 15F are inserted into the through holes provided in end plates 215a and 215b, and joining members 15A to 15F are fixed to column-beam joint 12b using nuts 51a to 51f and long nuts 52a to 52f. Thereafter, adhesive such as grout is injected into the holes 35A to 35F of the pillar 13c to fix the joining members 15A to 15F to the pillar 13c. Then, mortar is poured into the formwork to form mortar 19a in the gaps between the end faces of the lower sides (-Z side) of the pillars 13c and the end plates 215a and 215b.

[0082] Since the skeleton structure 10B is fabricated using the above-described procedure, it is possible to easily fabricate the skeleton structure 10B in which the connecting members 15A to 15D, 16A to 16D, 17A to 17D, and 18A to 18D are inserted into the holes 35A to 35D, 36A to 36D, 47A to 47D, and 48A to 48D that are obliquely recessed in the columns 13c and 13d and the beams 14c and 14d.

[0083] The skeleton structure 10C will be described with reference to Figures 25 and 26. Note that a side view is omitted because it is similar to the front view. The skeleton structure 10C differs from the skeleton structure 10B in that the columns 13e and 13f connected to the column-beam joint 12c in the up-down direction (±Z direction) are steel frames rather than made of wood materials. The skeleton structure 10C also differs from the skeleton structures 10A and 10B in that beams 14g and 14h made of wood or wood materials are connected to the column-beam joint 12c not only in the left-right direction (±X direction) but also in the front-back direction (±Y direction).

[0084] The beam-column joint 12c is made of steel and has a columnar portion 21c and arm portions 22e to 22h. Arm 22e is elongated in the left-right directions (±X directions) and extends leftward (−X direction) from the left side surface (−X side) of columnar portion 21c. Arm 22e has studs 24q to 24x. Studs 24q to 24x protrude upward (+Z direction) from flange 222e (described below) on the upper side (+Z side) of arm 22e. Arm 22f is elongated in the left-right direction (±X direction) and extends rightward (+X direction) from the right side surface (+X side) of columnar portion 21c. Arm 22f has studs 24y-24F. Studs 24y-24F protrude upward (+Z direction) from flange 222f (described below) on the upper side (+Z side) of arm 22f. Arm 22g is elongated in the front-rear direction (±Y direction) and extends in the rear direction (+Y direction) from the rear (+Y side) side surface of columnar portion 21c. Arm 22g has studs 24G to 24N. Studs 24G to 24N protrude upward (+Z direction) from flange 222g (described below) on the upper side (+Z side) of arm 22g. Arm portion 22h is elongated in the front-rear direction (±Y direction) and extends in the front direction (-Y direction) from the front (-Y side) side surface of columnar portion 21c. Arm portion 22h has studs 24O to 24V. Studs 24O to 24V protrude upward (+Z direction) from flange 222h (described below) on the upper side (+Z side) of arm portion 22h.

[0085] Column 13e is a long member that is long in the vertical direction (±Z direction), and only the lower (-Z side) end portion connected to column-beam joint 12c is shown. As described above, column 13e is a steel frame, and is, for example, a substantially rectangular tubular shape. The lower (-Z side) tip portion of column 13e is fixed by welding or the like to end plate 215c (described later) on the upper (+Z side) side of column-shaped portion 21c. The upper (+Z side) end portion of column 13e is similarly fixed to other column-beam joints, not shown.

[0086] Column 13f is a long member that is long in the vertical direction (±Z direction), and only the upper (+Z side) end portion connected to column-beam joint 12c is shown. As described above, column 13f is a steel frame, and is, for example, a substantially rectangular tubular shape. The upper (+Z side) tip portion of column 13f is fixed by welding or the like to end plate 216c (described later) on the lower (-Z side) side of column-shaped portion 21c. The lower (-Z side) end portion of column 13f is similarly fixed to other column-beam joints, not shown.

[0087] Beam 14e is a long member that is long in the left-right direction (±X direction), and only the right-side (+X side) end portion connected to beam-column joint 12c is shown. As described above, beam 14e is made of wood or a wood-based material, and the right-side (+X side) end face is fixed to the left-side (-X side) end face of arm 22e via mortar 19e, such as non-shrink mortar. The left-side (-X side) end portion of beam 14e is similarly fixed to another beam-column joint, not shown. Bolts 44q to 44x, such as lag screw bolts, are attached to the beam 14e. The lower (-Z side) portions of the bolts 44q to 44x are fitted into the beam 14e from the upper (+Z side) side surface of the beam 14e downward (-Z direction) and screwed into the beam 14e to be fixed, and the upper (+Z side) portions are exposed to the upper (+Z side) side from the upper (+Z side) side surface of the beam 14e and extend upward (+Z direction).

[0088] Beam 14f is a long member that is long in the left-right direction (±X direction), and only the left (-X side) end portion connected to beam-column joint 12c is shown. As described above, beam 14f is made of wood or a wood-based material, and the left (-X side) end face is fixed to the right (+X side) end face of arm 22f via mortar 19f such as non-shrink mortar. The right (+X side) end portion of beam 14f is similarly fixed to another beam-column joint, not shown. Bolts 44y to 44F, such as lag screw bolts, are attached to the beam 14f. The lower (-Z side) portions of the bolts 44y to 44F are fitted into the beam 14f from the upper (+Z side) side surface of the beam 14f downward (-Z direction) and screwed into the beam 14f to be fixed, and the upper (+Z side) portions are exposed to the upper (+Z side) side from the upper (+Z side) side surface of the beam 14f and extend upward (+Z direction).

[0089] Beam 14g is a long member that is long in the front-to-rear direction (±Y direction), and only the end portion on the front side (-Y side) connected to beam-column joint 12c is shown. As described above, beam 14g is made of wood or a wood-based material, and the end face on the front side (-Y side) is fixed to the end face on the rear side (+Y side) of arm 22g via mortar 19g such as non-shrink mortar. The end portion on the rear side (+Y side) of beam 14g is similarly fixed to other beam-column joints, etc., not shown. Bolts 44G to 44N, such as lag screw bolts, are attached to the beam 14g. The lower (-Z side) portions of the bolts 44G to 44N are fitted into the beam 14g from the upper (+Z side) side surface of the beam 14g in a downward direction (-Z direction) and are screwed into the beam 14g to be fixed, and the upper (+Z side) portions are exposed to the upper side (+Z side) from the upper (+Z side) side surface of the beam 14g and extend upward (+Z direction).

[0090] Beam 14h is a long member that is long in the front-to-rear direction (±Y direction), and only the end portion on the rear side (+Y side) connected to beam-column joint 12c is shown. As described above, beam 14h is made of wood or a wood-based material, and the end face on the rear side (+Y side) is fixed to the end face on the front side (-Y side) of arm 22h via mortar 19h such as non-shrink mortar. The end portion on the front side (-Y side) of beam 14h is similarly fixed to other beam-column joints, not shown. Bolts 44O to 44V, such as lag screw bolts, are attached to the beam 14h. The lower (-Z side) portions of the bolts 44O to 44V are fitted downward (-Z direction) from the upper (+Z side) side surface of the beam 14h and screwed into the beam 14h to be fixed, and the upper (+Z side) portions are exposed to the upper (+Z side) side from the upper (+Z side) side surface of the beam 14h and extend upward (+Z direction).

[0091] The details of the beams 14e to 14h are similar to those of the beams 14c and 14d, and therefore will not be described in detail.

[0092] The column-to-beam joint 12c and the joint members 17G to 17R and 18G to 18R will be described in detail with reference to Figures 27 and 28. Note that a side view is omitted because it is the same as the front view. The columnar portion 21c includes, for example, a tubular portion 219 and end plates 215c and 216c. The tubular portion 219 is made of steel and, like the pillars 13e and 13f, has a generally rectangular tubular shape with a central axis extending in the vertical direction (±Z direction). End plates 215c and 216c are made of steel and have a substantially square plate shape, and are arranged substantially perpendicular to the up-down direction. End plate 215c is fixed by welding or the like to the tip portion of the upper side (+Z side) of tubular portion 219. End plate 216c is fixed by welding or the like to the tip portion of the lower side (-Z side) of tubular portion 219.

[0093] The arm portion 22e has an H-shaped steel beam made up of a web 221e and flanges 222e and 223e, end plates 227e and 227f, and studs 24q to 24x.

[0094] The web 221e is a generally rectangular plate that is long in the left-right direction (±X direction) and is disposed generally perpendicular to the front-rear direction (±Y direction). The right-side (+X side) tip portion of the web 221e is fixed to the left-side (-X side) side surface of the tubular portion 219 of the columnar portion 21b by welding or the like. Flanges 222e and 223e are generally rectangular plates that are long in the left-right directions (±X directions) and are disposed generally perpendicular to the up-down directions (±Z directions). The right-side (+X side) tip of flange 222e is fixed by welding or the like to the left-side (-X side) end of end plate 215c of columnar portion 21c. The right-side (+X side) tip of flange 223e is fixed by welding or the like to the left-side (-X side) end of end plate 216c of columnar portion 21c.

[0095] End plates 227e and 227f are made of steel and have a generally rectangular plate shape. They are disposed at the tip of the left side (-X side) of arm portion 22e so as to be generally perpendicular to the left-right direction (±X direction), and are fixed to web 221e and flanges 222e and 223e by welding or the like. End plate 227e has through holes for fixing joining members 17G, 17I, and 17K (described later). End plate 227f has through holes for fixing joining members 17H, 17J, and 17L (described later). The end plate 227e is disposed on the near side (-Y side) of the web 221e, surrounded on three sides by the web 221e and the flanges 222e and 223e. The end plate 227f is disposed at the rear side (+Y side) of the web 221e, surrounded on three sides by the web 221e and the flanges 222e and 223e.

[0096] The studs 24q to 24x are fixed to the upper (+Z side) surface of the upper (+Z side) flange 222e, and extend upward (in the +Z direction).

[0097] The arm portion 22f has an H-shaped steel beam made up of a web 221f and flanges 222f and 223f, end plates 228e and 228f, and studs 24y to 24F.

[0098] The web 221f is a generally rectangular plate that is long in the left-right direction (±X direction) and is disposed generally perpendicular to the front-rear direction (±Y direction). The left-side (-X side) tip portion of the web 221f is fixed to the right-side (+X side) side surface of the tubular portion 219 of the columnar portion 21b by welding or the like. Flanges 222f and 223f are generally rectangular plates that are long in the left-right directions (±X directions) and are disposed generally perpendicular to the up-down directions (±Z directions). The tip portion on the left side (-X side) of flange 222f is fixed to the end portion on the right side (+X side) of end plate 215c of columnar portion 21c by welding or the like. The tip portion on the left side (-X side) of flange 223f is fixed to the end portion on the right side (+X side) of end plate 216c of columnar portion 21c by welding or the like.

[0099] End plates 228e and 228f are made of steel and have a generally rectangular plate shape. They are disposed at the tip of the right side (+X side) of arm portion 22f, generally perpendicular to the left-right direction (±X direction), and are fixed to web 221f and flanges 222f and 223f by welding or the like. End plate 228e has through holes for fixing joining members 17G, 17I, and 17K (described later). End plate 228f has through holes for fixing joining members 17H, 17J, and 17L (described later). The end plate 228e is disposed on the near side (-Y side) of the web 221f, at a position surrounded on three sides by the web 221f and the flanges 222f and 223f. The end plate 228f is disposed at the rear side (+Y side) of the web 221f, surrounded on three sides by the web 221f and the flanges 222f and 223f.

[0100] The studs 24y to 24F are fixed to the upper (+Z side) surface of the upper (+Z side) flange 222f, and extend upward (in the +Z direction).

[0101] The arm portion 22g has an H-shaped steel beam made up of a web 221g and flanges 222g and 223g, end plates 227g and 227h, and studs 24G to 24N.

[0102] The web 221g is a generally rectangular plate that is long in the front-rear direction (±Y direction) and is disposed generally perpendicular to the left-right direction (±X direction). The front end portion of the web 221g (-Y side) is fixed to the side surface of the back side (+Y side) of the tubular portion 219 of the columnar portion 21b by welding or the like. Flanges 222g and 223g are generally rectangular plates that are long in the front-to-rear direction (±Y direction) and are disposed generally perpendicular to the up-down direction (±Z direction). The front end portion of flange 222g (-Y side) is fixed by welding or the like to the end portion of end plate 215c of columnar portion 21c (+Y side) on the far side. The front end portion of flange 223g (-Y side) is fixed by welding or the like to the end portion of end plate 216c of columnar portion 21c (+Y side).

[0103] End plates 227g and 227h are made of steel and have a generally rectangular plate shape. They are disposed at the tip of the rear (+Y side) of arm portion 22g generally perpendicular to the front-rear direction (±Y direction) and are fixed to web 221g and flanges 222g and 223g by welding or the like. End plate 227g has through holes for fixing joining members 17M, 17O, and 17Q (described later). End plate 227h has through holes for fixing joining members 17N, 17P, and 17R (described later). The end plate 227g is disposed on the left side (-X side) of the web 221g, at a position surrounded on three sides by the web 221g and the flanges 222g and 223g. The end plate 227h is disposed on the right side (+X side) of the web 221g, at a position surrounded on three sides by the web 221g and the flanges 222g and 223g.

[0104] The studs 24G to 24N are fixed to the upper (+Z side) surface of the upper (+Z side) flange 222g, and extend upward (in the +Z direction).

[0105] The arm portion 22h has an H-shaped steel beam made up of a web 221h and flanges 222h and 223h, end plates 228g and 228h, and studs 24O to 24V.

[0106] The web 221h is a generally rectangular plate that is long in the front-rear direction (±Y direction) and is disposed generally perpendicular to the left-right direction (±X direction). The tip portion of the web 221h on the far side (+Y side) is fixed to the side surface on the near side (-Y side) of the tubular portion 219 of the columnar portion 21b by welding or the like. Flanges 222h and 223h are generally rectangular plates that are long in the front-to-rear direction (±Y direction) and are disposed generally perpendicular to the up-down direction (±Z direction). The tip portion of flange 222h on the far side (+Y side) is fixed to the end portion of end plate 215c of columnar portion 21c on the near side (-Y side) by welding or the like. The tip portion of flange 223h on the far side (+Y side) is fixed to the end portion of end plate 216c of columnar portion 21c on the near side (-Y side) by welding or the like.

[0107] End plates 228g and 228h are made of steel and have a generally rectangular plate shape. They are disposed at the front end (-Y side) of arm 22h, generally perpendicular to the front-to-rear direction (±Y direction), and are fixed to web 221h and flanges 222h and 223h by welding or the like. End plate 228g has through holes for fixing joining members 18M, 18O, and 18Q (described later). End plate 228h has through holes for fixing joining members 18N, 18P, and 18R (described later). The end plate 228g is disposed on the left side (-X side) of the web 221h at a position surrounded on three sides by the web 221h and the flanges 222h and 223h. The end plate 228h is disposed on the right side (+X side) of the web 221h, at a position surrounded on three sides by the web 221h and the flanges 222h and 223h.

[0108] The studs 24O to 24V are fixed to the upper (+Z side) surface of the upper (+Z side) flange 222h, and extend upward (in the +Z direction).

[0109] The skeleton structure 10C further includes connecting members 17G to 17R and 18G to 18R.

[0110] The connecting members 17G to 17L are fixed to the end plates 227e and 227f of the arm portion 22e of the beam-to-column joint 12c using, for example, nuts 71g to 71l and long nuts 72g to 72l. The shapes and arrangements of the connecting members 17G to 17L are similar to those of the connecting members 17A to 17F. The right (+X side) portion (mounting portion) of the connecting members 17G to 17L is fixed to the beam-to-column joint 12c, and the left (-X side) portion (joint portion) is inserted into and fixed to the holes 47G to 47L of the beam 14e.

[0111] The connecting members 18G-18L are fixed to the end plates 228e and 228f of the arm portion 22f of the beam-to-column joint 12c using, for example, nuts 81g-81l and long nuts 82g-82l. The shapes and arrangements of the connecting members 18G-18L are similar to those of the connecting members 18A-18F. The connecting members 18G-18L have their left (-X side) portions (mounting portions) fixed to the beam-to-column joint 12c, and their right (+X side) portions (joint portions) inserted into the holes 48G-48L of the beam 14f and fixed thereto.

[0112] The connecting members 17M-17R are fixed to the end plates 227g and 227h of the arm portion 22g of the beam-to-column joint 12c using, for example, nuts 71m-71r and long nuts 72m-72r. The shapes and arrangements of the connecting members 17M-17R are similar to those of the connecting members 17A-17F. The connecting members 17M-17R have their front (-Y side) portions (mounting portions) fixed to the beam-to-column joint 12c, and their rear (+Y side) portions (joint portions) inserted into holes 47M-47R in the beam 14g and fixed thereto.

[0113] The connecting members 18M-18R are fixed to the end plates 228g and 228h of the arm portion 22h of the beam-to-column joint 12c using, for example, nuts 81m-81r and long nuts 82m-82r. The shapes and arrangements of the connecting members 18M-18R are similar to those of the connecting members 18A-18F. The connecting members 18M-18R have their rear (+Y side) portions (mounting portions) fixed to the beam-to-column joint 12c, and their front (-Y side) portions (joint portions) inserted into holes 48M-48R in the beam 14h and fixed thereto.

[0114] As described above, the joints of holes 47G-47J, 48G-48J, 47M-47P, and 48M-48P recessed in beams 14e-14h and joining members 17G-17J, 18G-18J, 17M-17P, and 18M-18P inserted and fixed therein are not parallel but oblique to the longitudinal axis direction of beams 14e-14h, so that stress in the shear direction can be dispersed and splitting failure can be prevented even if a tensile force is generated in the shear direction of beams 14e-14h.

[0115] The skeleton structure 10C is fabricated, for example, by the following procedure. First, the column-beam joint 12c and the columns 13e and 13f are integrated and installed at the site.

[0116] The joints of the joint members 17G to 17L are inserted into holes 47G to 47L recessed leftward (-X direction) from the end face of the right side (+X side) of the left side (-X side) beam 14e. Next, the beam 14e to which the joining members 17G to 17L are attached is positioned close to the left side (-X side) of the arm portion 22e of the column-beam joint 12c, and the mounting portions of the joining members 17G to 17L are inserted into the through holes provided in the end plates 227e and 227f, and the joining members 17G to 17L are fixed to the column-beam joint 12c using nuts 71g to 71l and long nuts 72g to 72l. Thereafter, adhesive such as grout is poured into the holes 47G to 47L in the beam 14e to fix the joining members 17G to 17L to the beam 14e. Then, mortar is poured into the formwork to form mortar 19e in the gaps between the end face on the right side (+X side) of the beam 14e and the end plates 227e and 227f.

[0117] Similarly, the joints of the joint members 18G to 18L are inserted into holes 48G to 48L recessed rightward (+X direction) from the left (-X side) end face of the right (+X side) beam 14f. Next, the beam 14f to which the joining members 18G to 18L are attached is positioned close to the right side (+X side) of the arm portion 22f of the column-beam joint 12c, and the mounting portions of the joining members 18G to 18L are inserted into the through holes provided in the end plates 228e and 228f, and the joining members 18G to 18L are fixed to the column-beam joint 12c using nuts 81g to 81l and long nuts 82g to 82l. Thereafter, adhesive such as grout is poured into the holes 48G to 48L of the beam 14f to fix the joining members 18G to 18L to the beam 14e. Then, mortar is poured into the formwork to form mortar 19f in the gaps between the end face on the left side (-X side) of the beam 14f and the end plates 228e and 228f.

[0118] Similarly, the joints of the joint members 17M to 17R are inserted into holes 47M to 47R recessed from the front (-Y side) end face of the rear (+Y side) beam 14g toward the rear (+Y direction). Next, the beam 14g to which the joining members 17M to 17R are attached is positioned close to the rear side (+Y side) of the arm portion 22g of the column-beam joint 12c, and the mounting portions of the joining members 17M to 17R are inserted into the through holes provided in the end plates 227g and 227h, and the joining members 17M to 17R are fixed to the column-beam joint 12c using nuts 71m to 71r and long nuts 72m to 72r. Thereafter, adhesive such as grout is injected into the holes 47M to 47R in the beam 14g to fix the joining members 17M to 17R to the beam 14g. Then, mortar is poured into the formwork to form mortar 19g in the gaps between the end faces on the front side (-Y side) of the beams 14g and the end plates 227g and 227h.

[0119] Similarly, the joints of the joint members 18M to 18R are inserted into holes 48M to 48R recessed from the end face of the far side (+Y side) of the front side (-Y side) beam 14h toward the front direction (-Y direction). Next, the beam 14h to which the joining members 18M to 18R are attached is positioned close to the front side (-Y side) of the arm portion 22h of the column-beam joint 12c, and the mounting portions of the joining members 18M to 18R are inserted into the through holes provided in the end plates 228g and 228h, and the joining members 18M to 18R are fixed to the column-beam joint 12c using nuts 81m to 81r and long nuts 82m to 82r. Thereafter, adhesive such as grout is injected into the holes 48M to 48R in the beam 14h to fix the joining members 18M to 18R to the beam 14h. Then, mortar is poured into the formwork to form mortar 19h in the gaps between the end faces on the far side (+Y side) of the beams 14h and the end plates 228g and 228h.

[0120] Since the skeleton structure 10C is fabricated using the above-described procedure, the skeleton structure 10C can be easily fabricated in which the connecting members 15G to 15J, 16G to 16J, 17M to 17P, and 18M to 18P are inserted into the holes 47G to 47J, 48G to 48J, 47M to 47P, and 48M to 48P that are obliquely recessed in the beams 14e to 14h.

[0121] An analytical model of a skeleton structure 10D, which is a comparative example, will be described with reference to FIG. In the skeleton structure 10D, the column 13g is connected to the upper side (+Z side) of the column-beam joint (not shown) using joint members 15G to 15M. Unlike the above-described embodiment, all of the joint members 15G to 15M extend substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction (±Z direction) of the column 13g.

[0122] Referring to FIG. 30, the results of analysis by computer simulation (finite element method) using the analysis model shown in FIG. 29 will be described. This diagram shows the magnitude of stress in the left-right direction (±X direction), with darker colors indicating greater stress. According to the analysis results, it is found that stress is concentrated at the base portion of the joining member 15H. When shear stress is concentrated at the base of the connecting member in this way, deformation occurs in the direction that moves the wooden column 13g away from the steel connecting member, increasing the possibility of splitting failure due to lateral tension. In experiments using actual structures, splitting failure occurred near the base of the outer joint member.

[0123] An analytical model of the skeleton structure 10E will be described with reference to FIG. In the skeleton structure 10E, the columns 13h are connected to the upper side (+Z side) of the column-beam joints (not shown) using connecting members 15N to 15T. Here, similar to the above-described embodiment, the connecting members 15N to 15Q are bent inward and extend obliquely relative to the longitudinal direction of the columns 13h, while the connecting members 15R to 15T are not bent and extend generally parallel to the longitudinal direction (±Z direction) of the columns 13h.

[0124] Referring to FIG. 32, the results of analysis by computer simulation (finite element method) using the analysis model shown in FIG. 31 will be described. Similar to FIG. 30, this figure shows the magnitude of stress in the left-right direction (±X direction), with darker colors indicating greater stress. According to the analysis results, it is found that no stress is concentrated at the base portion of any of the joining members 15N to 15T. Even in experiments using actual objects, no splitting failure occurred.

[0125] This is thought to be because the outer joining members 15N to 15Q are inclined, allowing stress in the shearing direction to be released and dispersed to the inner joining members 15R to 15T.

[0126] In this way, the effect of the present invention was also demonstrated by computer simulation.

[0127] The above-described embodiment is an example for facilitating understanding of the present invention. The present invention is not limited thereto, and includes various modifications, changes, additions, or omissions without departing from the scope defined by the appended claims. This can be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the above description.

[0128] In recent years, wooden construction has been increasingly adopted for medium- to large-scale buildings in order to reduce environmental impact. GIR joints are a column-beam connection method for medium- to large-scale wooden buildings, and they can ensure high strength and rigidity. However, GIR joints can suffer brittle failure due to splitting failure at the end of the load. This makes it difficult to design Route 3, the calculation route for medium- to large-scale buildings. The GIUA joint, which has an unbonded section in the steel rod of the GIR, is a joining method aimed at preventing splitting failure. However, GIUA is designed to prevent splitting failure when axial force is applied to the steel rod, and it is difficult to prevent brittle failure when tension and shear occur simultaneously against transverse tensile stress in the shear direction. This joining method prevents splitting failure due to brittle transverse tensile stress by inserting the GIR at an angle. The mechanism by which splitting failure due to lateral tension occurs is the difference in rigidity between the steel rod and the wood in the shear direction. The rigidity of the steel rod is greater than that of the wood, and deformation occurs in the direction that separates the wood from the steel rod, resulting in splitting failure due to lateral tension. By inserting the steel rod at an angle, the shear rigidity is reduced, making splitting failure less likely to occur. As an example of a connection method using diagonally inserted GIR connections, the beams are steel and the columns are wooden earthquake-resistant studs. The long outer steel rods are the steel rods that mainly bear the tensile axial force generated by the bending moment, and the short inner steel rods are the steel rods that mainly bear the shear force. According to the FEM analysis model and analysis results used to confirm lateral tensile stress, with a connection method in which steel rods are inserted parallel, it can be confirmed that the lateral stress is small near the base of the short inner steel rod, and that stress is concentrated near the base of the long outer steel rod. Tests on wooden studs also confirmed that splitting failure occurred in the areas where stress was concentrated, with a large proportion of the shear force borne by the long outer steel rod. In contrast, in the joining method where GIR is inserted diagonally, stress concentration near the long outer steel rod is eliminated and the force is distributed to the short inner steel rod. Therefore, it can be confirmed that the proportion of shear force borne by inserting the long outer steel rods at an angle is reduced. This makes the joining method applicable to medium- to large-scale route 3 designs. [Explanation of symbols]

[0129] 10A-10E Frame structure, 12a-12c Beam-column joints, 13a-13h Columns, 14a-14h Beams, 15a-15n, 16a-16n, 17a-17i, 18a-18i Reinforcement bars, 15A-15T, 16A-16F, 17A-17R, 18A-18R Joint members, 19a-19h Mortar, 21a-21c Columns, 211, 221c-221h Webs, 212, 213, 222c-222h, 223c-223h Flanges, 214a-214d Intermediate plates, 215a-215c, 216a-216c, 227c-227h, 228c-228h End plates, 219 Tubular section, 22a~22h Arm section, 23a~23f Main bars, 24a~24z, 24A~24V Studs, 25a, 25b, 26a~26m, 27a, 27b, 28a, 28b, 29a~29n Studs, 35a~35n, 35A~35F, 36a~36n, 36A~36F, 47a~47i, 47A~47R, 48a~48i, 48A~48R Holes, 44a~44z, 44A~44V Bolts, 51a~51f, 61a~61f, 71a~71r, 81a~81r Nuts, 52a~52f, 62a~62f, 72a~72r, 82a~82r Long nuts.

Claims

1. The structure includes a column-beam joint, a long member, and a joint member, The elongated member is A wooden pillar or beam, one end of which is joined to the pillar-beam joint, a hole recessed obliquely from the end surface of the end portion to the longitudinal axis of the elongated member; The joining member is a steel rod, one side of which is fixed to the beam-column joint and the other side of which is inserted into the hole of the elongated member and fixed to the elongated member via adhesive injected into the hole; Body structure.

2. The hole has a distance from an opening on the end surface to a central axis of the elongated member that is greater than a distance from a bottom portion to the central axis. The structure of claim 1.

3. Further comprising a second joining member; The elongated member is a second hole recessed from the end surface in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the elongated member; The second joining member is a steel rod, one side of which is fixed to the beam-column joint and the other side of which is inserted into the second hole of the elongated member and fixed to the elongated member via adhesive injected into the second hole; The skeleton structure of claim 1 or 2.

4. The hole has a distance from an opening in the end surface to a central axis of the elongated member that is greater than that of the second hole. The structure of claim 3.

5. The hole has a distance from an opening to a bottom on the end surface that is greater than that of the second hole. The structure of claim 3.

6. The method for manufacturing the skeleton structure of claim 1 or 2, inserting the other side of the joining member into the hole recessed in the elongated member; Then, the one side of the joining member, the other side of which is inserted into the hole recessed in the elongated member, is fixed to the column-beam joint portion. method.

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