Evaporator and distributor used therein

Abstract

To provide an evaporation device and a distributor that can suppress the decrease in evaporation efficiency in the heat transfer section due to a drop in the liquid level, shorten the processing time, or prevent scale buildup or scorching. [Solution] An evaporation apparatus comprising a vertical cylindrical evaporator, a return channel 5, and a distributor 15, wherein the vertical cylindrical evaporator has a heat transfer section, a liquid supply section, a drain section, an exhaust section, a stirring shaft, and a prime mover, the heat transfer section heats the liquid in the vertical cylindrical evaporator, the return channel transports liquid from the drain section of the vertical cylindrical evaporator to the liquid supply section of the vertical cylindrical evaporator, the drain section can discharge the liquid in the vertical cylindrical evaporator to the outside of the vertical cylindrical evaporator, the liquid supply section can bring liquid outside the vertical cylindrical evaporator into the vertical cylindrical evaporator and supply it to the distributor, and the distributor rotates around a vertical axis within the vertical cylindrical evaporator, receives the liquid supplied in this order through the drain section, the return channel, and the liquid supply section, and can spray the received liquid onto the inner surface of the shell of the vertical cylindrical evaporator.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an evaporator and a distributor used therein. More specifically, the present invention relates to an evaporator and a distributor used therein that can suppress the decrease in evaporation efficiency in the heat transfer section due to a drop in the liquid level, shorten the time required for concentration or distillation, or prevent scale buildup or scorching. [Background technology]

[0002] Evaporators are widely used in operations such as distillation (separating low-boiling point substances from high-boiling point substances) and concentration (increasing the concentration of high-boiling point substances). Evaporators come in batch and continuous types.

[0003] Batch evaporation is a chemical engineering unit operation that involves filling a tank with a predetermined amount of liquid, heating it, evaporating it, stopping the heating once the liquid level in the tank reaches the predetermined amount, and removing the remaining liquid from the tank. Batch evaporation apparatuses can suffer from reduced evaporation efficiency in the heat transfer section due to a drop in the liquid level, require longer evaporation times, and, over time, can lead to dry surfaces, causing scale buildup and charring.

[0004] As a batch-type evaporator, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses a jacket-type heating tank characterized by having a forced-cooling jacket on the outer circumference of the waterline portion of the tank wall and a heating jacket on the outer circumference of the portion below the waterline.

[0005] Patent Document 2 discloses a batch-type concentrator comprising a tank with a jacketed heat exchanger mounted on its wall, a connecting pipe and pump for circulating liquid from the bottom to the top of the tank, and a dummy. The dummy is built into the tank and is configured to be immersed in the liquid inside the tank so that the liquid level inside the tank remains constant.

[0006] On the other hand, continuous evaporation is a chemical engineering unit operation that involves continuously supplying a predetermined flow rate of liquid from outside the system into a tank, heating and evaporating the liquid in the tank, and then continuously discharging the liquid from the tank to the outside of the system. In a continuous evaporation apparatus, the supply and discharge are usually balanced so that the liquid level in the tank remains constant.

[0007] As a continuous evaporation apparatus, for example, Patent Document 3 describes a vertically elongated cylindrical heating cylinder heated to a temperature above the evaporation temperature of the liquid to be treated, a liquid to be treated supply port for supplying the liquid to be treated into the heating cylinder, an evaporation component discharge port and a non-evaporation component discharge port positioned above and below the liquid to be treated supply port for discharging the evaporated and non-evaporated components of the liquid to be treated to the outside of the heating cylinder, respectively, a distribution ring provided so as to be integrally rotatable with a rotating shaft that rotates at high speed inside the heating cylinder and for spraying the supplied liquid to be treated onto the inner circumferential surface of the heating cylinder, and a component located below the distribution ring on the rotating shaft The disclosed centrifugal thin film dryer includes a blade that is integrally rotatable and scrapes off non-evaporative components adhering to the inner circumferential surface of the heating cylinder, the distribution ring having an outer circumferential surface that reflects the liquid to be processed, and having a liquid to be processed storage chamber with an upper opening inside, and having a liquid to be processed ejection nozzle at the lower end of the liquid to be processed storage chamber, and the liquid to be processed supply port includes a first supply port for supplying a highly fluid liquid to be processed facing the liquid to be processed reflecting surface of the distribution ring, and a second supply port for supplying a low fluid liquid to be processed facing the upper surface of the liquid to be processed storage chamber of the distribution ring.

[0008] Patent Document 4 discloses an evaporation apparatus comprising: a stirring tank into which a raw material liquid is supplied and which has a volatile component outlet and a concentrated liquid outlet; a jacket provided on the outer circumference of the stirring tank and which heats the inner wall of the stirring tank; and a spraying section provided inside the stirring tank and which flows the raw material liquid down the inner wall of the stirring tank, wherein the stirring tank comprises at least one storage section surrounded by the bottom of the stirring tank, the inner wall and a partition wall and which temporarily stores the flowing raw material liquid; and the spraying section comprises a rotating shaft and at least one channel member attached to the rotating shaft, with one end inserted into the storage section and having a flow path for the raw material liquid temporarily stored in the storage section to flow from the bottom to the top of the stirring tank as the rotating shaft rotates, and the concentrated liquid outlet is provided at the bottom of the stirring tank.

[0009] Patent Document 5 discloses a microorganism inactivation device for microorganism-containing sludge, characterized in that it comprises a vacuum container having a vertical wall that maintains the interior in a reduced pressure or vacuum state, a vacuum exhaust means opening at the top of the vacuum container and maintaining the interior of the vacuum container in a reduced pressure or vacuum state, a rotating plate that rotates horizontally inside the vacuum container and centrifuges sludge against the vertical wall without barriers, porous walls or protrusions at its edges, a sludge supply means opening at the top of the vacuum container and supplying sludge to the center of the rotating plate, and a sludge discharge means at the bottom of the vacuum container for collecting and discharging sludge that has descended the vertical wall.

[0010] Patent Document 6 discloses a liquid processing apparatus comprising a sealed container, a pump for supplying a liquid to be processed into the container, a vacuum pump for maintaining the inside of the container under a reduced pressure atmosphere, a pump for withdrawing the liquid to be processed which has been subjected to reduced pressure treatment to limit the activation of microorganisms, and a gravity sedimentation concentration tank and / or agglutination reaction tank, wherein the apparatus is equipped with a mechanism for making the liquid to be processed supplied under a reduced pressure atmosphere into a thin film and applying shear force within the container.

[0011] Patent Document 7 discloses a reactor for distillation and evaporation, wherein the inner surface of an outer vessel is heated by a jacket, and a liquid containing light and heavy organic matter to be evaporated or distilled is distributed uniformly along the heated inner surface of the outer vessel by a first rotatable member through an introduction path, and a thin film of liquid descends along the heated inner surface. In the reactor, the light organic matter that volatilizes on the inner surface of the outer vessel is cooled and liquefied on the outer surface of the inner vessel and passes through an outlet at the bottom of the outer vessel, as described in Patent Document 7. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0012] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 60-48042 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2-160001

Patent Document 3

Patent Document 4

Patent Document 5

Patent Document 6

Patent Document 7

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0013] An object of the present invention is to provide an evaporation device and a distributor used therefor, which can suppress a decrease in evaporation efficiency in a heat transfer section due to a decrease in the liquid level, can shorten the time required for concentration or distillation, or can prevent scale adhesion or burning.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0014] As a result of investigations to achieve the above object, the present invention has been completed, including the following aspects.

[0015] 〔1〕 Including a vertical cylindrical evaporation tank, a return flow path 5, and a distributor 15, The vertical cylindrical evaporation tank has a stirring shaft 12, a prime mover for rotating the stirring shaft 12, a heat transfer section located in the shell portion 2 of the vertical cylindrical evaporation tank, a liquid supply section located above the heat transfer section or in the top portion 1 of the vertical cylindrical evaporation tank, a liquid discharge section located below the heat transfer section or in the bottom portion 3 of the vertical cylindrical evaporation tank, and an exhaust section located above the heat transfer section or in the top portion 1 of the vertical cylindrical evaporation tank. The heat transfer section has a mechanism capable of heating the liquid in the vertical cylindrical evaporation tank. The return flow path 5 has a mechanism capable of transporting liquid from the liquid discharge section of the vertical cylindrical evaporation tank to the liquid supply section of the vertical cylindrical evaporation tank. The liquid discharging section has a mechanism capable of discharging the liquid inside the vertical cylindrical evaporation tank to the outside of the vertical cylindrical evaporation tank. The liquid feeding section has a mechanism capable of introducing the liquid outside the vertical cylindrical evaporation tank into the vertical cylindrical evaporation tank and supplying it to the distributor. The exhaust section has a mechanism capable of discharging the vapor inside the vertical cylindrical evaporation tank to the outside of the vertical cylindrical evaporation tank, and The distributor 15 has a mechanism capable of rotating around a vertical axis inside the vertical cylindrical evaporation tank, receiving the liquid supplied through the liquid discharging section, the return flow path 5, and the liquid feeding section in this order, and spraying the received liquid onto the inner surface of the shell section 2 of the vertical cylindrical evaporation tank, and the shaft of the stirring shaft 12 is integrated with the distributor 15 so as to be the axis of rotation of the distributor 15 and symmetrically with respect to the axis of rotation. Evaporation device.

[0016] 〔2〕 The evaporation device according to 〔1〕, which is for batch evaporation.

[0017] 〔3〕 The distributor 15 includes a vertical cylindrical storage tank. The vertical cylindrical storage tank includes an outer side wall plate and a bottom plate. The outer side wall plate and the bottom plate form a liquid storage space symmetric with respect to the axis of rotation, and it has holes or slits drilled in the outer side wall plate or the bottom plate so as to communicate with the liquid storage space, or an elongated tube 16 installed in the outer side wall plate or the bottom plate so as to communicate with the liquid storage space. The evaporation device according to 〔1〕 or 〔2〕.

[0018] 〔4〕 The distributor 15 includes a vertical cylindrical storage tank. The vertical cylindrical storage tank is composed of a plurality of storage tank assembly members. [[ID=三十ー]] Each storage tank assembly member includes a partial bottom plate 19 in the shape of a partial ring and a partial outer side wall plate 17 that rises from the edge of the outer arc portion of the partial bottom plate 19 and is bent along the edge of the outer arc portion. The mechanism allows the joined outer wall plate and bottom plate to form a liquid reservoir space that is symmetrical with respect to the axis of rotation, by bringing the edges of the radial portions of the partial bottom plate and the edges of the partial outer wall plates connected to the radial portions of the partial bottom plate into close contact, and bringing the edge of the inner arc portion of the partial bottom plate into close contact with the outer surface of the stirring shaft, and It has a hole or slit drilled in a partial outer wall plate or partial bottom plate so as to communicate with the liquid reservoir space, or an elongated tube 16 installed in a partial outer wall plate or partial bottom plate so as to communicate with the liquid reservoir space. The evaporator described in [1] or [2].

[0019] [5] The evaporator according to [1] or [2], wherein the distributor includes a disc.

[0020] [6] The distributor includes a disc, The disc consists of multiple disc assembly members. Each disc assembly member includes a partial disc with a partially annular shape, and The mechanism allows the combined partial disks to form a symmetrical shape with respect to the axis of rotation by bringing the edges of the radial portions of the partial disks into close contact and bringing the edges of the inner arc portions of the partial disks into close contact with the outer surface of the stirring shaft. The evaporator described in [1] or [2].

[0021] [7] The evaporator according to [1] or [2], wherein the distributor includes turbine blades consisting of a disc and blades mounted on the disc.

[0022] [8] The distributor includes turbine blades consisting of a disc and blades mounted on the disc. A turbine blade consists of multiple turbine blade assembly members. Each turbine blade assembly includes a partially annular disc and a blade mounted on the disc, The mechanism allows the combined partial disks to form a symmetrical shape with respect to the axis of rotation by bringing the edges of the radial portions of the partial disks into close contact and bringing the edges of the inner arc portions of the partial disks into close contact with the outer surface of the stirring shaft. The evaporator described in [1] or [2].

[0023] [9] A mechanism that allows the distributor to rotate around a vertical axis within a vertical cylindrical evaporator, to receive liquid supplied in this order through a drain section, a return channel, and a supply section, and to spray the received liquid onto the inner surface of the shell section 2 of the vertical cylindrical evaporator, and a mechanism that allows the distributor to be integrated with the stirring shaft such that the axis of the stirring shaft becomes the axis of rotation of the distributor and is symmetrical with respect to the axis of rotation. An evaporation apparatus comprising a stirring shaft, a prime mover for rotating the stirring shaft, a heat transfer section located in the shell section 2 of the vertical cylindrical evaporator, a liquid supply section located above the heat transfer section or in the top section 1 of the vertical cylindrical evaporator, a drain section located below the heat transfer section or in the bottom section 3 of the vertical cylindrical evaporator, and an exhaust section located above the heat transfer section or in the top section of the vertical cylindrical evaporator, and a return channel 5 having a mechanism for transporting liquid from the drain section of the vertical cylindrical evaporator to the liquid supply section of the vertical cylindrical evaporator, for use in an evaporation apparatus. distributor.

[0024]

[10] Including a vertical cylindrical storage tank, The vertical cylindrical storage tank includes the outer wall plate and the bottom plate. The outer wall plate and bottom plate form a liquid reservoir space that is symmetrical with respect to the axis of rotation, and The distributor according to [9], having a hole or slit drilled in the outer wall plate or bottom plate so as to communicate with the liquid reservoir space, or an elongated tube installed in the outer wall plate or bottom plate so as to communicate with the liquid reservoir space.

[0025]

[11] Including a vertical cylindrical storage tank, A vertical cylindrical storage tank consists of multiple storage tank assembly members. Each storage tank assembly member includes a partially annular partially bottom plate and a partially outer wall plate that curves along the edge of the outer arc portion rising from the edge of the outer arc portion of the partially bottom plate, and has a mechanism that allows the joined partially outer wall plate and partially bottom plate to form a liquid storage space that is symmetrical with respect to the axis of rotation by bringing the edges of the radial portions of the partially bottom plate and the edges of the partially outer wall plates connected to the edges of the radial portions of the partially bottom plate into close contact, and bringing the edge of the inner arc portion of the partially bottom plate into close contact with the outer surface of the stirring shaft. and The distributor according to [9], having a hole or slit drilled in a partial outer wall plate or partial bottom plate so as to communicate with a liquid reservoir space, or an elongated tube installed in a partial outer wall plate or partial bottom plate so as to communicate with a liquid reservoir space.

[0026]

[12] The distributor described in [9], including a disc.

[0027]

[13] Including the disc, The disc consists of multiple disc assembly members. The distributor according to [9], wherein each disc assembly member includes a partial disc with a partial annular shape, and has a mechanism that allows the combined partial discs to form a shape symmetrical with respect to the axis of rotation by bringing the edges of the radial portions of the partial discs into close contact with each other and bringing the edges of the inner arc portions of the partial discs into close contact with the outer surface of the stirring shaft.

[0028]

[14] The distributor according to [9], comprising a turbine blade consisting of a disc and blades mounted on the disc.

[0029]

[15] A turbine blade comprising a disc and a blade mounted on the disc, A turbine blade consists of multiple turbine blade assembly members. The distributor according to [9], wherein each turbine blade assembly member includes a partially annular partial disc and a blade installed on the disc, and has a mechanism that allows the combined partial discs to form a shape symmetrical with respect to the axis of rotation by bringing the edges of the radial portions of the partial discs into close contact and bringing the edges of the inner arc portions of the partial discs into close contact with the outer surface of the stirring shaft. [Effects of the Invention]

[0030] The evaporation apparatus of the present invention can suppress the decrease in evaporation efficiency in the heat transfer section due to a drop in the liquid level, shorten the time required for concentration or distillation, or prevent scale buildup or scorching. When the distributor of the present invention is installed in an evaporation apparatus having a vertical cylindrical evaporator having a heat transfer section located in the shell of the vertical cylindrical evaporator, a liquid feed section located above the heat transfer section or at the top of the vertical cylindrical evaporator, and a drain section located below the heat transfer section or at the bottom of the vertical cylindrical evaporator, and a return channel having a mechanism for transporting liquid from the drain section of the vertical cylindrical evaporator to the liquid feed section of the vertical cylindrical evaporator, it is possible to suppress the decrease in evaporation efficiency in the heat transfer section due to a drop in the liquid level, shorten the time required for concentration or distillation, or prevent scale buildup or scorching. Since the distributor of the present invention easily reduces the torque required for rotation, even if the distributor of the present invention is attached to a stirring shaft, for example, it is less likely to overload the prime mover that rotates the stirring shaft. The distributor of the present invention does not need to be installed so as to be immersed in the liquid inside the vertical cylindrical evaporator, as described in Patent Document 4. Therefore, it is less susceptible to changes in viscosity, for example, even if the viscosity of the liquid inside the vertical cylindrical evaporator increases. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0031] [Figure 1] These are three-view drawings ((A) front view, (B) top view, (C) right side view) showing a storage tank assembly member that constitutes one form of the distributor of the present invention. [Figure 2] Figure (A) is a front view showing the distributor of the present invention, which is obtained by combining the storage tank assembly members shown in Figure 1. [Figure 3] (C) is a right side view showing the distributor of the present invention obtained by combining the storage tank assembly members shown in Figure 1. [Figure 4] Figure (B) is a top view showing the distributor of the present invention, which is obtained by combining the storage tank assembly members shown in Figure 1. [Figure 5] This is a conceptual diagram showing a vertical cylindrical evaporator. [Figure 6] This is a conceptual diagram showing the evaporation apparatus of the present invention in the initial stages of the evaporation operation. [Figure 7] This is a conceptual diagram showing the evaporation apparatus of the present invention at the final stage of the evaporation operation. [Figure 8] This is a front view showing a storage tank assembly member that constitutes another embodiment of the distributor of the present invention. [Figure 9] This figure shows the cumulative change in fractions in test examples 1 and 2. [Figure 10] (A) is a front view showing another embodiment of the distributor of the present invention. [Figure 11] (C) is a right side view showing another embodiment of the distributor of the present invention. [Figure 12] (B) is a top view showing another embodiment of the distributor of the present invention. [Figure 13] (A) is a front view showing another embodiment of the distributor of the present invention. [Figure 14] (C) is a right side view showing another embodiment of the distributor of the present invention. [Figure 15] (B) is a top view showing another embodiment of the distributor of the present invention. [Figure 16] (A) is a front view showing another embodiment of the distributor of the present invention. [Figure 17] (C) is a right side view showing another embodiment of the distributor of the present invention. [Figure 18] (B) is a top view showing another embodiment of the distributor of the present invention. [Figure 19] Figures 16-18 are conceptual diagrams showing the evaporation apparatus of the present invention at the end of the evaporation operation, with the distributor of the present invention installed. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0032] The evaporation apparatus of the present invention comprises a vertical cylindrical evaporation tank, a return channel 5, and a distributor 15.

[0033] [Vertical cylindrical evaporator] A vertical cylindrical evaporator is a vertical cylindrical container used for the unit operation of evaporation. As shown in Figure 5, the vertical cylindrical evaporator consists of a top section 1, a shell section 2, and a bottom section 3 in terms of positional divisions. The vertical cylindrical evaporator also has a heat transfer section, a liquid supply section, a liquid drain section, and an exhaust section in terms of functional divisions. Furthermore, the vertical cylindrical evaporator has a stirring shaft 12 and a prime mover for rotating the stirring shaft 12. The stirring blades 13 may be integrated with the stirring shaft 12.

[0034] The heat transfer section has a mechanism that can heat the liquid inside the vertical cylindrical evaporator. The heat transfer section is located in the shell section 2 of the vertical cylindrical evaporator. The heat transfer section may be located in both the shell section 2 and the bottom section 3. It is preferable to design the heat transfer section such that its upper end is at the same height as or lower than the maximum height that the liquid accumulated inside the vertical cylindrical evaporator can reach on the inner surface of the shell section 2 (hereinafter referred to as the "maximum reachable height"). In batch evaporation, as evaporation progresses, the height that the liquid accumulated in the vertical cylindrical evaporator can reach on the inner surface of the shell portion 2 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "reachable height") decreases, and a portion of the heat transfer section becomes exposed. Since the exposed heat transfer section does not come into contact with the liquid accumulated in the vertical cylindrical evaporator, the heat utilization rate decreases. Similarly, in continuous evaporation, when the discharge exceeds the supply, the height that the liquid accumulated in the vertical cylindrical evaporator can reach on the inner surface of the shell portion 2 decreases, and a portion of the heat transfer section becomes exposed. For example, in the initial stages of a batch evaporation operation, the height reached is at a level near the top of the shell, as shown in Figure 6. As evaporation progresses, the height reached decreases, and in the final stages of the batch evaporation operation, the height reached is at a level near the bottom of the shell, as shown in Figure 7.

[0035] A known mechanism can be used to heat the liquid inside the vertical cylindrical evaporator. This mechanism includes, for example, a two-layer structure consisting of an inner layer that forms a cavity inside the vertical cylindrical evaporator and constitutes a top part 1, a shell part 2, and a bottom part 3, and an outer layer provided outside the inner layer that constitutes the shell part 2, or outside the inner layers that constitute the shell part 2 and the bottom part 3. A heat transfer medium or heat source can be placed on the outer layer. This two-layer structure is the heat transfer section. The outer layer of the two-layer structure is sometimes called a jacket 4. Heat is transferred from the heat transfer medium or heat source placed on the outer layer to the liquid inside the vertical cylindrical evaporator, or from the heat transfer medium or heat source placed on the outer layer to the liquid and vapor inside the vertical cylindrical evaporator, via the inner layer. It is preferable to attach fins to the outside of the inner layer of the two-layer structure to increase the heat transfer efficiency. Furthermore, in order to thin the thermal boundary layer formed between the liquid accumulated inside the vertical cylindrical evaporator and the heat transfer section of the vertical cylindrical evaporator, it is preferable to install equipment for stirring the liquid in the vertical cylindrical evaporator. Since the thermal boundary layer becomes thicker as the viscosity of the liquid increases, it is preferable to appropriately design the stirring conditions when evaporating a highly viscous liquid. The stirring equipment usually includes a stirring shaft 12; stirring blades 13 such as propeller blades, turbine blades, paddle blades, anchor blades, ribbon blades, etc.; and a prime mover such as an electric motor 11.

[0036] The heat transfer medium used can be appropriately selected according to the desired temperature of the liquid or vapor in the vertical cylindrical evaporator. Examples include hot water, steam, oxysodium salts (KNO3-NaNO3, LiNO3-AgNO3, etc.), alkali metal halogens (CaCl2, NaCl-CaCl2, NaF-AlF3, LiF-BeF2, etc.), molecular molten salts (AlCl3-NaCl, ZnCl2-NaCl, etc.), and room-temperature molten salts (1-(1-butyl)-pyridinium chloride (BPC)-AlCl3, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C2mim)-AlCl3, etc.). The heat source is not particularly limited and can include resistance heating elements, electromagnetic induction heating elements, furnaces, nuclear reactors, etc.

[0037] Heating of the liquid inside the vertical cylindrical evaporator can be performed, for example, by introducing a heat transfer medium whose temperature has been controlled by a heat source into the outer layer at the heat transfer medium inlet 9, passing it through the outer layer, and discharging it from the outer layer at the heat transfer medium outlet 10; by placing a heat source outside the outer layer and adjusting the temperature of the heat transfer medium stored in the outer layer with that heat source; or by storing a heat source in the outer layer and adjusting the amount of heat generated by that heat source.

[0038] The drainage section is located below the heat transfer section or at the bottom of the vertical cylindrical evaporator. The drainage section has a mechanism that can drain the liquid inside the vertical cylindrical evaporator to the outside of the vertical cylindrical evaporator. The mechanism in the drainage section includes a liquid outlet 6 and, if necessary, further includes a valve, baffle plate, vortex prevention plate, strainer, outlet collector, branch piping, pressure gauge, flow meter, thermometer, etc. The drainage section is configured such that the liquid outlet 6 is connected to the inlet end of the pipe that constitutes the return flow path 5. The drainage section may also be configured such that the liquid outlet 6 is connected by switching to a concentrated liquid discharge pipe 21 or a drain pipe (not shown), if necessary.

[0039] The liquid supply section is located above the heat transfer section or at the top of the vertical cylindrical evaporator. The liquid supply section has a mechanism that can draw liquid from outside the vertical cylindrical evaporator into the vertical cylindrical evaporator and supply it to the distributor. The mechanism in the liquid supply section includes a liquid inlet 7 and, if necessary, further includes valves, partition plates, inlet baffles, manifold piping, flow meters, pressure gauges, thermometers, etc. The liquid supply section is configured such that the liquid inlet 7 is connected to the outlet end of the pipe that constitutes the return flow path 5. The liquid supply section may also have a raw liquid supply pipe 23 if necessary, and can draw raw liquid (liquid that has not yet undergone evaporation treatment by the vertical cylindrical evaporator) from outside the vertical cylindrical evaporator into the vertical cylindrical evaporator via the raw liquid supply pipe 23 or the return flow path 5. In batch evaporation, it is preferable to supply only the liquid supplied through the drain section and the return flow path 5 in that order to the liquid supply section. It is preferable to configure the liquid supply section so that the liquid can be supplied to a position close to the axis of rotation of the distributor.

[0040] The exhaust section is located above the heat transfer section or at the top of the vertical cylindrical evaporator. The exhaust section has a mechanism that can expel the steam inside the vertical cylindrical evaporator to the outside of the vertical cylindrical evaporator. The mechanism in the exhaust section includes a gas outlet 8 and, if necessary, further includes valves, partition plates, vortex prevention plates, demisters, pressure gauges, flow meters, thermometers, etc. The exhaust section is configured such that the gas outlet 8 is connected to the inlet end of the exhaust pipe 24. A mechanism for condensing and liquefying the steam, a mechanism for recovering the thermal energy of the steam, etc., may be provided at the end of the exhaust pipe 24.

[0041] [Return channel] The return channel 5 has a mechanism that can transport liquid from the drain section of the vertical cylindrical evaporator to the supply section of the vertical cylindrical evaporator. The mechanism in the return channel includes a pipe connecting the liquid outlet 6 and the liquid inlet 7, and optionally includes a pump 14, valves, pressure gauge, flow meter, thermometer, heat exchanger, etc. A positive displacement pump is preferably used as the pump 14 to facilitate control of the liquid transport amount in the return channel 5.

[0042] [Distributor] The distributor has a mechanism that allows it to rotate around a vertical axis within the vertical cylindrical evaporator, to receive liquid supplied in that order through the drain section, return channel 5, and supply section, and to spray the received liquid onto the inner surface of the shell of the vertical cylindrical evaporator. The distributor is integrated with the stirring shaft 12 such that the axis of the stirring shaft 12 is the axis of rotation of the distributor 15, and is symmetrical with respect to the axis of rotation.

[0043] (Embodiment 1) The distributor of the present invention in Embodiment 1 includes a container shaped like a deep pot or a tub, as shown in Figures 2 to 4 (hereinafter referred to as a vertical cylindrical storage tank). The vertical cylindrical storage tank is a container capable of holding liquid. This container includes a bottom plate and an outer wall plate that form a space for holding liquid (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a liquid storage space). The vertical cylindrical storage tank is formed such that the bottom plate and outer wall plate of the vertical cylindrical storage tank are symmetrical with respect to the axis of rotation. Preferably, the distributor 15 is integrated with the stirring shaft 12 such that the axis of the stirring shaft 12 is the axis of rotation of the distributor 15 and is symmetrical with respect to the axis of rotation, as shown in Figure 6 or 7.

[0044] The top of a vertical cylindrical storage tank is usually open to receive liquid from the liquid feed section of a vertical cylindrical evaporator. The liquid storage space may be formed by outer wall plates that widen upwards, as shown in Figure 2 or Figure 3, or by outer wall plates that curve inwards, as shown in Figure 8. Outer wall plates that curve inwards can sometimes prevent liquid from overflowing over the upper edge of the distributor due to centrifugal force.

[0045] The distributor includes, for example, holes or slits drilled in the outer wall plate or bottom plate of the vertical cylindrical storage tank so as to communicate with the liquid reservoir space of the vertical cylindrical storage tank, and elongated tubes 16 installed in the outer wall plate or bottom plate of the vertical cylindrical storage tank so as to communicate with the liquid reservoir space of the vertical cylindrical storage tank. The liquid is sprayed onto the inner surface of the shell portion of the vertical cylindrical evaporator through the holes or slits or elongated tubes 16. The distance from the rotation axis of the distributor to the tip of the holes or slits or elongated tubes 16 can be appropriately set according to the rotation speed, and is preferably, for example, 50% to 95% of the internal radius of the shell portion 2 of the vertical cylindrical evaporator.

[0046] Two or more holes, slits, or elongated tubes 16 are installed symmetrically and outward with respect to the axis of rotation. There is no particular upper limit on the number of holes, slits, or elongated tubes 16 installed, but it can be set as appropriate from the viewpoint of preventing the exposed heat transfer parts of the vertical cylindrical evaporator from drying out.

[0047] In the distributor of Embodiment 1 of the present invention, the dispersal of liquid at a certain point on the inner surface of the shell of the vertical cylindrical evaporator tends to be intermittent as the number of holes, slits, or elongated tubes 16 decreases. The intermittent period can be changed by the number of holes, slits, or elongated tubes 16, the rotation speed of the distributor, etc.

[0048] The distributor of the present invention in Embodiment 1 is preferably of the assembly type. Specifically, the vertical cylindrical storage tank consists of a plurality of storage tank assembly members, and one distributor of the present invention can be assembled by combining the plurality of storage tank assembly members. Each storage tank assembly component includes a partial bottom plate 19 and a partial outer wall plate 17, and optionally includes a flange 18. Each storage tank assembly component has a partial annular shape. When the partial bottom plates are joined together, they form a single annular bottom plate. Preferably, the partial annular bottom plates are of equal size, such as being cut from the annular bottom plate formed when joined together, for example, by dividing it into two, three, or four equal parts. Each storage tank assembly component has a partial outer wall plate 17 that rises from the edge of the outer arc portion of the partial bottom plate 19 and is curved to follow the edge of the outer arc portion. When the partial outer wall plates are put together, they form a complete outer wall plate.

[0049] The distributor of the present invention in Embodiment 1 shown in Figures 2-4 has a plate (partial inner wall plate 20) that hangs down from the edge of the inner arc portion of the partial bottom plate 19 and curves along the edge of the inner arc portion, but this is not required. Each storage tank assembly member has a mechanism that allows the joined partial outer wall plate and partial bottom plate to form a liquid reservoir space that is symmetrical with respect to the axis of rotation, by bringing the edges of the radial portions of the partial bottom plate and the edges of the partial outer wall plates connected to the radial portions of the partial bottom plate into close contact, and bringing the edge of the inner arc portion of the partial bottom plate into close contact with the outer surface of the stirring shaft. The mechanism for forming the liquid reservoir space may include sealing materials such as gaskets and packings; bolts and nuts, tightening belts, clamps, etc. Flanges can be used to ensure close contact between the edges of the radial portions of the partial bottom plate and between the edges of the partial outer wall plates connected to the edges of the radial portions of the partial bottom plate, or to ensure close contact between the edge of the inner arc portion of the partial bottom plate and the outer surface of the stirring shaft. The flanges are formed on the edges of the radial portions of the partial bottom plate 19 and on the edges of the partial outer wall plates connected to the radial portions of the partial bottom plate 19. In the distributor of the present invention shown in Figure 1, flanges are also formed on the edges of the partial inner wall plates 20 connected to the edges of the radial portions of the partial bottom plate 19.

[0050] Each storage tank assembly member may have pre-made holes or slits in the partial bottom plate 19 or partial outer wall plate 17, or it may have an elongated tube pre-attached to the partial bottom plate 19 or partial outer wall plate 17, or it may have a mechanism that allows an elongated tube to be attached to the partial bottom plate 19 or partial outer wall plate 17 later.

[0051] (Embodiment 2) The distributor of Embodiment 2 includes a disk 31. Examples of disks include a biconvex disk, a plano-convex disk, a plano-concave disk, a meniscus-shaped disk as shown in Figures 10-12, a biconcave disk, and a flat-plate-shaped disk as shown in Figures 13-15. The liquid received by the disk is scattered by centrifugal force over the edge of the outer arc portion of the disk. The diameter of the distributor (disk) can be appropriately set according to the rotation speed, and is preferably 50% to 95% of the internal diameter of the shell portion 2 of the vertical cylindrical evaporator.

[0052] In the distributor of the present invention according to Embodiment 2, the dispersion at a certain point on the inner surface of the shell portion of the vertical cylindrical evaporator tends to be carried out continuously at a nearly constant amount.

[0053] The distributor of the present invention in Embodiment 2 is preferably of an assembly type. Specifically, the disc consists of a plurality of disc assembly members, and one distributor of the present invention can be assembled by combining a plurality of disc assembly members.

[0054] Each disc assembly includes a partial disc and, if necessary, a flange. Each disc assembly has a partial annular shape. When the partial discs are combined, they form a single annular disc. Preferably, the partial annular discs are of equal size, such as being two, three, or four equal parts of the annular disc formed when the two discs are combined. The distributor of the present invention shown in Figures 10-12 or 13-15 has a plate (partial inner wall plate 20) that hangs down from the edge of the inner arc portion of the partial disc and curves along the edge of the inner arc portion, but it is not required. Furthermore, each disc assembly member has a mechanism that allows the combined discs to form a symmetrical shape with respect to the axis of rotation by bringing the edges of the radial portions of the partial discs into close contact and bringing the edges of the inner arc portions of the partial discs into close contact with the outer surface of the stirring shaft. This mechanism may include sealing materials such as gaskets and packings; bolts and nuts, tightening belts, clamps, etc. Flanges can be used to ensure close contact between the edges of the radial portions of the partial discs, or to ensure close contact between the edge of the inner arc portion of the partial disc and the outer surface of the stirring shaft. The flanges are formed on the edges of the radial portions of the partial discs. In the distributors of the present invention shown in Figures 10-12 or 13-15, flanges are also formed on the edges of the partial inner wall plates that are connected to the edges of the radial portions of the partial discs. When the flanges are installed to rise from the edges of the radial portions of the partial discs, the flanges can also function as blades in the turbine blades described later.

[0055] (Embodiment 3) The distributor of Embodiment 3 includes a turbine blade 32. The turbine blade consists of a disc and blades installed on the disc, as shown in Figures 16-18. The blades constituting the distributor shown in Figures 16-18 are inverted L-shapes, but are not limited to this shape. Liquid collected in the disc may be pushed towards the blades installed on the disc. Due to centrifugal force, some of the liquid collected in the disc is scattered over the edge of the outer arc portion of the disc, and the remainder is scattered over the outer tip portion of the blades. In the distributor of Embodiment 3 of the present invention, the scattering at a certain point on the inner surface of the shell portion of the vertical cylindrical evaporator tends to occur periodically and continuously, like a pulse, as the number of blades installed decreases.

[0056] The distributor of the present invention in Embodiment 3 is preferably of the assembly type. Specifically, the turbine blade consists of a plurality of turbine blade assembly members, and a single distributor of the present invention can be assembled by combining a plurality of turbine blade assembly members.

[0057] Each turbine blade assembly includes a partial disc and blades mounted on the partial disc, and optionally includes flanges. Each turbine blade assembly component has a partial annular shape. When the partial discs are joined together, they form a single annular disc. Preferably, the partial annular discs are of equal size, such as being two, three, or four equal parts of the annular disc formed when joined together. The distributor of the present invention shown in Figures 16-18 has a plate (partial inner wall plate 20) that hangs down from the edge of the inner arc portion of the partial disc and curves along the edge of the inner arc portion, but this is not required. Furthermore, each turbine blade assembly has a mechanism that allows the combined partial disks to form a symmetrical shape with respect to the axis of rotation by bringing the edges of the radial portions of the partial disks into close contact with each other and bringing the edges of the inner arc portions of the partial disks into close contact with the outer surface of the stirring shaft. This mechanism may include sealing materials such as gaskets and packings; bolts and nuts, tightening belts, clamps, etc. Flanges can be used to ensure close contact between the edges of the radial portions of the partial discs, or to ensure close contact between the edge of the inner arc portion of the partial disc and the outer surface of the stirring shaft. The flanges are formed on the edges of the radial portions of the partial discs. In the distributor of the present invention shown in Figures 16-18, flanges are also formed on the edges of the partial inner wall plates that are connected to the edges of the radial portions of the partial discs. If the flanges are installed to rise from the edges of the radial portions of the partial discs, the flanges can also function as blades. Figure 19 shows an example of an evaporator with the distributor of Embodiment 3 attached. The liquid supply section is configured to supply liquid to a position close to the axis of rotation of the distributor.

[0058] The modular distributor of the present invention in each embodiment can be easily and inexpensively attached to the stirring shaft of an existing evaporator without significantly increasing the torque required for rotation. Because the torque required for rotation is not significantly increased, it is less likely to overload the existing prime mover.

[0059] The installation height of the distributor is preferably set so that the spraying onto the inner surface of the shell of the vertical cylindrical evaporator is performed at the same height as or higher than the upper end of the heat transfer section of the vertical cylindrical evaporator. By spraying onto the inner surface of the shell of the vertical cylindrical evaporator, a liquid film is formed on the exposed heat transfer section of the vertical cylindrical evaporator, which then flows down. Heat exchange takes place while the liquid film is in contact with the heat transfer section.

[0060] The speed at which the liquid flows down the wall can be estimated by considering the free-fall velocity and the speed reduction due to the resistance (contact resistance) on the inner surface of the shell, air resistance, and / or the viscosity coefficient resistance of the liquid. It is preferable to reduce the speed at which the liquid flows down the wall by increasing the contact resistance on the inner surface of the shell, so that the liquid film formed on the exposed heat transfer part is in contact with the heat transfer part for a long time. For example, contact resistance can be increased by forming a coating on the inner surface of the shell that makes it difficult for the sprayed liquid to be repelled, or by providing grooves or linear protrusions in a horizontal stripe pattern on the inner surface of the shell.

[0061] The amount of the liquid supplied to the dispenser is preferably set appropriately so that a liquid film with a predetermined thickness is almost always formed on the entire exposed heat transfer section of the vertical cylindrical evaporation tank, or so that the exposed heat transfer section of the vertical cylindrical evaporation tank is almost always wet.

[0062] The amount of the liquid supplied to the dispenser can be designed, for example, based on the flow rate per unit lateral width of the inner surface of the heat transfer section [kg / m hr] (hereinafter referred to as "liquid load") described in the design method of the liquid film type heat exchanger described in the Heat Exchanger Design Handbook (written by Hideaki Ogawa, Kogyo Tosho Co., Ltd., pages 686 to 715).

[0063] In order to form a liquid film along the inner surface of the shell part of the vertical cylindrical evaporation tank, the liquid needs to be flowed at a liquid load m min or more. If the liquid load is less than this allowable minimum liquid load m min , no liquid film is formed, the liquid flows down linearly, a part of the inner surface of the heat transfer section becomes non-wetted, the heat transfer coefficient decreases, and there is a tendency for scale adhesion or coking to increase. On the other hand, if the liquid load m becomes excessive, the operating cost tends to increase.

[0064] According to Hartley et al. (see Intern. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 7, p1003- (1964)), the following relational expressions are said to hold between the minimum allowable liquid load m min [kg / m hr], the surface tension σ [kg / m] of the liquid, the density ρ [kg / m 3 of the liquid, the viscosity μ [kg / m hr] of the liquid, and the contact angle α [degrees]. m min = 1400×(μ×ρ×σ 3 ) 0.2 Or m min = 2940×(μ×ρ×σ 3 ) 0.2 ×(1 - cos(α)) 0.6

[0065] In the present invention, the liquid load [kg / m hr] is the minimum allowable liquid load mmin It is preferable to set the range to 2 to 4 times the above. As mentioned above, depending on the structure of the distributor and the rotation speed, the amount of liquid sprayed at a certain point on the inner surface of the shell of the vertical cylindrical evaporator will fluctuate, so it is preferable to take this fluctuation into consideration. For example, in the distributor having two elongated tubes attached to the evaporator shown in Figure 6, at a rotation speed of 10 rpm and a liquid supply rate of 10 L / min, 0.5 L of liquid is sprayed every 0.05 minutes onto a specific point on the inner surface of the shell of the vertical cylindrical evaporator. Furthermore, when liquid is continuously supplied to the entire inner circumference of a vertical cylindrical evaporator, the liquid load m [kg / m hr] is given by the liquid flow rate w [kg / hr] and the inner diameter D of the vertical cylindrical evaporator. i [m] can be calculated using the following formula. m = w / π D i

[0066] The effects of the evaporator and distributor of the present invention are specifically illustrated by the following examples.

[0067] (Comparative example) An evaporation apparatus was assembled, consisting of a vertical cylindrical evaporator with an inner diameter of 450 mm and an inner height of 750 mm, a stirring device with two stages of inclined paddle blades, and a jacket whose upper end is approximately 550 mm above the bottom of the vertical cylindrical evaporator, as shown in Figure 5. 80 L of water was placed in the vertical cylindrical evaporator of this apparatus. 0.1 MPa steam was supplied to the jacket as a heat transfer medium, and evaporation was performed while stirring at rotational speeds of 60 rpm and 100 rpm. A plate condenser was installed beyond the gas outlet to recover the fraction, and the amount of fraction was recorded. Figure 9 shows the cumulative change in the amount of fraction at rotational speeds of 60 rpm (△) and 100 rpm (〇).

[0068] (Examples) As shown in Figure 6, the evaporator used in the comparative example was fitted with a liquid supply section, a liquid drain section, a return channel 5, and a distributor 15 having two elongated tubes as shown in Figures 2-4. 80 L of water was placed in the vertical cylindrical evaporator of this evaporator. 0.1 MPa steam was supplied to the jacket as a heat transfer medium, and water was supplied to the distributor at 5 L / min, 10 L / min, and 20 L / min via the liquid drain section, return channel, and liquid supply section. Evaporation was performed while stirring at rotational speeds of 10 rpm, 30 rpm, 60 rpm, and 100 rpm. A plate condenser was placed beyond the gas outlet to collect the fraction, and the amount of fraction was recorded. Figure 9 shows the cumulative change in fraction volume at rotation speeds of 10 rpm and supply volume of 10 L / min (▼), 30 rpm and supply volume of 10 L / min (▲), 30 rpm and supply volume of 5 L / min (●), 60 rpm and supply volume of 20 L / min (◆), and 100 rpm and supply volume of 20 L / min (■).

[0069] From the above results, it can be seen that the time required for concentration or distillation can be shortened by using the evaporator and distributor of the present invention. Furthermore, it can be seen that by using the evaporator and distributor of the present invention, a liquid film of a predetermined thickness is almost always formed over the exposed heat transfer section of the vertical cylindrical evaporator, it is possible to suppress the decrease in evaporation efficiency in the heat transfer section due to a drop in the liquid level, or to prevent scale buildup or scorching. These effects are particularly noticeable at the end of the evaporation operation. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0070] 1: Top section 2: Shell section 3: Bottom section 4: Jacket 5: Return channel 6: Liquid outlet 7: Liquid inlet 8: Gas outlet 9: Heat transfer medium inlet 10: Heat transfer medium outlet 11: Electric motor 12: Stirring shaft 13: Agitator blade 14: Pump 15,15' : Distributor 16 : Elongated tube 16a: Vertical cylindrical storage tank side opening of the elongated tube 17: Partial outer wall plate 18: Flange 19 : Partial bottom plate 20: Partial inner wall plate 21: Concentrate outflow pipe 23: Stock solution supply pipe 24: Exhaust pipe 31: Disc 32: Turbine blades

Claims

1. It includes a vertical cylindrical evaporator, a return channel, and a distributor. The vertical cylindrical evaporator has a stirring shaft, a prime mover for rotating the stirring shaft, a heat transfer section located in the shell of the vertical cylindrical evaporator, a liquid feed section located above the heat transfer section or at the top of the vertical cylindrical evaporator, a drain section located below the heat transfer section or at the bottom of the vertical cylindrical evaporator, and an exhaust section located above the heat transfer section or at the top of the vertical cylindrical evaporator. The heat transfer section has a mechanism that can heat the liquid inside the vertical cylindrical evaporator. The return channel has a mechanism that can transport liquid from the drain section of the vertical cylindrical evaporator to the supply section of the vertical cylindrical evaporator. The drainage section has a mechanism that allows the liquid inside the vertical cylindrical evaporator to be discharged outside the vertical cylindrical evaporator. The liquid supply unit has a mechanism that allows liquid outside the vertical cylindrical evaporator to be drawn into the vertical cylindrical evaporator and supplied to the distributor. The exhaust section has a mechanism that allows steam inside the vertical cylindrical evaporator to be expelled from the vertical cylindrical evaporator, and The distributor has a mechanism that allows it to rotate around a vertical axis within a vertical cylindrical evaporator, to receive liquid supplied in that order through a drain section, a return channel, and a supply section, and to spray the received liquid onto the inner surface of the shell of the vertical cylindrical evaporator, and is integrated with the stirring shaft such that the axis of the stirring shaft is the axis of rotation of the distributor and is symmetrical with respect to the axis of rotation. Evaporator.

2. The distributor includes a vertical cylindrical storage tank. The vertical cylindrical storage tank includes the outer wall plate and the bottom plate. The outer wall plate and bottom plate form a liquid reservoir space that is symmetrical with respect to the axis of rotation, and It has holes or slits drilled in the outer wall plate or bottom plate so as to communicate with the liquid reservoir space, or elongated tubes installed in the outer wall plate or bottom plate so as to communicate with the liquid reservoir space. The evaporation apparatus according to claim 1.

3. The distributor includes a vertical cylindrical storage tank. A vertical cylindrical storage tank consists of multiple storage tank assembly members. Each storage tank assembly member includes a partially annular bottom plate and a partially outer wall plate that rises from the edge of the outer arc portion of the bottom plate and curves along the edge of the outer arc portion. The mechanism allows the joined outer wall plate and bottom plate to form a liquid reservoir space that is symmetrical with respect to the axis of rotation, by bringing the edges of the radial portions of the partial bottom plate and the edges of the partial outer wall plates connected to the radial portions of the partial bottom plate into close contact, and bringing the edge of the inner arc portion of the partial bottom plate into close contact with the outer surface of the stirring shaft, and It has holes or slits drilled in the partial outer wall plate or partial bottom plate so as to communicate with the liquid reservoir space, or elongated tubes installed in the partial outer wall plate or partial bottom plate so as to communicate with the liquid reservoir space. The evaporation apparatus according to claim 1.

4. The evaporator according to claim 1, wherein the distributor includes a disc.

5. The distributor includes a disc. The disc consists of multiple disc assembly members. Each disc assembly member includes a partial disc with a partially annular shape, and The mechanism allows the combined partial disks to form a symmetrical shape with respect to the axis of rotation by bringing the edges of the radial portions of the partial disks into close contact and bringing the edges of the inner arc portions of the partial disks into close contact with the outer surface of the stirring shaft. The evaporation apparatus according to claim 1.

6. The evaporator according to claim 1, wherein the distributor includes a turbine blade consisting of a disc and blades installed on the disc.

7. The distributor includes turbine blades consisting of a disc and blades mounted on the disc. A turbine blade consists of multiple turbine blade assembly members. Each turbine blade assembly includes a partially annular disc and a blade mounted on the disc, The mechanism allows the combined partial disks to form a symmetrical shape with respect to the axis of rotation by bringing the edges of the radial portions of the partial disks into close contact and bringing the edges of the inner arc portions of the partial disks into close contact with the outer surface of the stirring shaft. The evaporation apparatus according to claim 1.

8. A vertical cylindrical evaporator has a mechanism that allows it to rotate around a vertical axis within the evaporator, to receive liquid supplied in that order through a drain section, a return channel, and a supply section, and to spray the received liquid onto the inner surface of the shell of the vertical cylindrical evaporator, and has a mechanism that allows it to be integrated with the stirring shaft such that the axis of the stirring shaft becomes the axis of rotation of the distributor and is symmetrical with respect to the axis of rotation. An evaporator comprising a stirring shaft, a prime mover for rotating the stirring shaft, a heat transfer section located in the shell of the vertical cylindrical evaporator, a liquid supply section located above the heat transfer section or at the top of the vertical cylindrical evaporator, a drain section located below the heat transfer section or at the bottom of the vertical cylindrical evaporator, and an exhaust section located above the heat transfer section or at the top of the vertical cylindrical evaporator, and a return channel having a mechanism for transporting liquid from the drain section of the vertical cylindrical evaporator to the liquid supply section of the vertical cylindrical evaporator, for use in an evaporator apparatus. distributor.

9. Including vertical cylindrical storage tanks, A vertical cylindrical storage tank consists of multiple storage tank assembly members. Each storage tank assembly member includes a partially annular partially bottom plate and a partially outer wall plate that curves along the edge of the outer arc portion rising from the edge of the outer arc portion of the partially bottom plate, and has a mechanism that allows the joined partially outer wall plate and partially bottom plate to form a liquid storage space that is symmetrical with respect to the axis of rotation by bringing the edges of the radial portions of the partially bottom plate and the edges of the partially outer wall plates connected to the edges of the radial portions of the partially bottom plate into close contact, and bringing the edge of the inner arc portion of the partially bottom plate into close contact with the outer surface of the stirring shaft. and The distributor according to claim 8, having a hole or slit drilled in a partial outer wall plate or partial bottom plate so as to communicate with a liquid reservoir space, or an elongated tube installed in a partial outer wall plate or partial bottom plate so as to communicate with a liquid reservoir space.

10. Including the disc, The disc consists of multiple disc assembly members. The distributor according to claim 8, wherein each disc assembly member includes a partial disc with a partial annular shape, and has a mechanism that allows the combined partial discs to form a shape symmetrical with respect to the axis of rotation by bringing the edges of the radial portions of the partial discs into close contact with each other and bringing the edges of the inner arc portions of the partial discs into close contact with the outer surface of the stirring shaft.

11. The turbine blades consist of a disc and blades mounted on the disc, A turbine blade consists of multiple turbine blade assembly members. The distributor according to claim 8, wherein each turbine blade assembly member includes a partially annular partial disc and a blade installed on the disc, and has a mechanism that allows the combined partial discs to form a shape symmetrical with respect to the axis of rotation by bringing the edges of the radial portions of the partial discs into close contact and bringing the edges of the inner arc portions of the partial discs into close contact with the outer surface of the stirring shaft.

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