Construction methods for forming structures and structures

Abstract

To provide a method for forming a structure and a structure that can shorten the construction period. [Solution] The method for forming a structure includes: a membrane fixing step of fixing the edges of a first membrane 4, a second membrane 6, and a third membrane 8 to a foundation 2, placing the second membrane 6 on top of the first membrane 4, and placing the third membrane 8 on top of the second membrane 6, and forming a first space 10 between the first membrane 4 and the second membrane 6 and a second space 12 between the second membrane 6 and the third membrane 8; a first filler filling step of filling the first space 10 with a first filler and holding the second membrane 6 in a predetermined shape with the internal pressure of the first filler; and a second filler filling step of filling the second space 12 with a second filler while the second membrane 6 is held in a predetermined shape.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for forming a structure and a structure, particularly to a method for forming a structure by holding two membranes in a predetermined shape and filling a filler therebetween, and a structure formed by using this method.

Background Art

[0002] Conventionally, as a method for forming a structure, there is a method of using air pressure to inflate a membrane to form a mold, such as the air dome method. In this method, for example, when constructing a roof on the upper end of the side wall of a building, a membrane is installed on the upper end of the side wall, and air is injected into the side wall to push the membrane upward by air pressure to hold the membrane in a dome shape. Then, mortar is applied from above to be used as a mold. In addition, in the shell method described in Patent Document 1, two sheets are hermetically sealed to a fixed mold surface, and a pressurized gas is injected into the inside to expand the inner sheet, and a curing material is filled between the two sheets to form a structure.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] However, in the above air dome method and the shell method described in Patent Document 1, it is necessary to seal the entire space inside the membrane or sheet. The larger the structure, the more extensive the sealing work becomes, and the more time it takes for the work. Also, when injecting pressurized air inside the sheet, the larger the structure, the more necessary it is to fill a large volume of space with pressurized air, and the more time it takes for the air injection work.

[0005] An object of the present invention is to provide a method for forming a structure and a structure that can achieve shortening of the construction period. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] To achieve the above objective, the method for forming a structure according to the present invention is characterized by including the steps of: fixing the edges of a first membrane, a second membrane, and a third membrane, placing the second membrane on top of the first membrane, and placing the third membrane on top of the second membrane, and forming a first space between the first membrane and the second membrane, and a second space between the second membrane and the third membrane; filling the first space with a first filler and holding the second membrane in a predetermined shape with the internal pressure of the first filler; and filling the second space with a second filler while the second membrane is held in a predetermined shape.

[0007] In the present invention configured as described above, a first space is formed between the first membrane and the second membrane, and the second membrane is held in a predetermined shape by filling the first space with a first filler. Therefore, in order to hold the second membrane in a predetermined shape, it is only necessary to fill the limited volume of the first space with the first filler. Consequently, the amount of first filler injected is reduced, the amount of first filler used is reduced, and the filling time is shortened. This effect is particularly noticeable when forming large structures. Furthermore, since the first space is formed between the first and second membranes, it becomes possible to easily form the first space. Therefore, large-scale work such as sealing the structure itself, which was previously required, becomes unnecessary, simplifying the work process and shortening the construction period.

[0008] In the present invention, the first filler is preferably a gas or a liquid. In this configuration of the present invention, since the first filler is a gas or liquid, it is easy to handle and the filling operation into the first space is simplified.

[0009] In the present invention, preferably, the second filler is a solid, a liquid, or a material that can be cured into a solid. In the present invention configured in this way, since the second filler is a solid or a material that can harden into a solid, it becomes possible to maintain the second space in a predetermined shape and to form a robust structure.

[0010] Preferably, the present invention further includes a step of removing the first film after the step of filling with a second filler. In the present invention configured in this way, the first membrane is removed after filling with the second filler and forming a structure of a predetermined shape with the second membrane. As a result, the first space does not occupy part of the space of the structure, and a larger space of the structure becomes available.

[0011] The present invention preferably further includes the step of arranging reinforcing materials on the opposing surfaces of the second and / or third films. In this configuration of the present invention, reinforcing materials are placed in the second and / or third membranes, thereby reinforcing the structure and enabling the formation of a more robust structure.

[0012] Furthermore, in order to achieve the above objective, the structure of the present invention comprises a first membrane, a second membrane disposed on the first membrane, a third membrane disposed on the second membrane, fixing parts for fixing the edges of the first membrane, the second membrane, and the third membrane, a first space formed between the first membrane and the second membrane, and a second space formed between the second membrane and the third membrane, wherein the first space is filled with a first filler, the second space is filled with a second filler, and the second membrane, the third membrane, and the second filler are supported in a predetermined shape by the internal pressure of the first filler.

[0013] In the present invention configured in this way, the second membrane, the third membrane, and the second filler are supported in a predetermined shape by the internal pressure of the first filler in the first space. This makes it possible to support the second and third membranes and the second filler in the limited volume of the first space, thus reducing the amount of the first filler used. Furthermore, this also shortens the time required for filling the first filler.

[0014] In the present invention, the first filler is preferably a gas or a liquid. In this configuration of the present invention, since the first filler is a gas or liquid, it is easy to handle and the filling operation into the first space is simplified.

[0015] In the present invention, preferably, the second filler is a solid or a material that can be cured into a solid. In the present invention configured in this way, since the second filler is a solid or a material that can harden into a solid, it becomes possible to maintain the second space in a predetermined shape, and the structure becomes rigid.

[0016] In the present invention, preferably, the first membrane has at least one first filling port that communicates with the first space and is capable of being filled with the second filler, and the third membrane has at least one second filling port that communicates with the second space and is capable of being filled with the second filler. In the present invention configured in this way, by providing a predetermined number of first and second filling ports at predetermined locations, the first and second fillers can be efficiently filled, and the first and second fillers can be reliably filled into the first and second spaces.

[0017] In the present invention, preferably, the second and third films are provided with reinforcing materials on surfaces facing each other. In the present invention configured in this way, reinforcing materials are provided in the second and third membranes, making the structure more robust. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0018] [Figure 1] This shows the foundation installation process for a method of forming a structure according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] This shows the film fixing step of a method for forming a structure according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] This shows the first filler filling step of a method for forming a structure according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] This shows a second filler material filling step of a method for forming a structure according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] Shows a modification of the structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] Shows another modification of the structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] Shows another modification of the structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] Shows yet another modification of the structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0019] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In this embodiment, a building 100 (FIG. 1) as a structure is formed.

[0020] FIG. 1 shows the foundation installation process of the forming method of the structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1(a) shows its plan view, and FIG. 1(b) shows its side end view. Further, FIG. 2 shows the film fixing process of the forming method of the structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2(a) shows its plan view, and FIG. 2(b) shows its side end view. The wall portion 102 of the building 100 is constructed in a cylindrical shape by a conventional method as shown in FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b). In this embodiment, a method of installing a dome-shaped roof 1 (FIG. 5) above the wall portion 102 will be described.

[0021] First, in the foundation installation process, as shown in FIG. 1, a foundation 2 as a fixing portion is attached to the upper end of the wall portion 102. The foundation 2 is composed of three annular blocks 2A, 2B, and 2C, and these blocks 2A, 2B, and 2C are stacked in this order from bottom to top. A first clamping portion 3A for attaching the first film 4 and the second film 6 is formed between the block 2A and the block 2B, and a second clamping portion 3B for attaching the third film 8 is formed between the block 2B and the block 2C.

[0022] In the membrane fixing process, the first membrane 4, the second membrane 6, and the third membrane 8, each having a shape corresponding to the shape of the roof 102 to be molded, are attached and fixed to the foundation 2. In this embodiment, the first membrane 4, the second membrane 6, and the third membrane 8 are each formed in a spherical shape with a circular outer edge. In this step, as shown in Figure 2(b), the outer edges of the first membrane 4 and the second membrane 6 are clamped and fixed to the first clamping portion 2A of the base 2, and the outer edge of the third membrane 8 is clamped and fixed to the second clamping portion 2B of the base 2. Here, since the first membrane 4 and the second membrane 6 are clamped to the same first clamping portion 2A, they are attached in close contact with each other at the position of the base 2. On the other hand, since the third membrane 8 is clamped to the second clamping portion 2B, it is attached at the position of the base 2 at a predetermined distance from the first membrane 4 and the second membrane 6, that is, by the thickness of the block 2B.

[0023] With the first membrane 4, the second membrane 6, and the third membrane 8 fixed in place, the second membrane 6 is positioned on top of the first membrane 4, and the third membrane 8 is positioned on top of the second membrane 6. A sealed first space 10 is formed between the first membrane 4 and the second membrane 6, and a sealed second space 12 is formed between the second membrane 6 and the third membrane 8.

[0024] Figure 3 shows a first filler filling step of a method for forming a structure according to one embodiment of the present invention. In this first filler filling step, a first filler is filled into a first space 10. In this embodiment, the first filler is air. In the first filler filling step, air is injected from a first filling port 14 provided in the first membrane 4. As shown in Figure 3, when the first space is filled with air, the first membrane 4 expands downward due to the internal pressure of the air and forms a downwardly convex spherical shape, and the second membrane 6 expands upward and forms an upwardly convex spherical shape. Because the air pressure in the first space 10 is maintained, the first membrane 4 and the second membrane 6 are each maintained in a predetermined shape, i.e., a spherical shape. The material, thickness, and shape of the second membrane 6 are predetermined so that it exhibits a predetermined shape when a predetermined internal pressure is applied in the first space 10.

[0025] Figure 4 shows the second filler filling step of a method for forming a structure according to one embodiment of the present invention. In the second filling step, with air injected into the first space 10, that is, with the second membrane 6 held in a spherical shape by the internal pressure of the first space 10, concrete, a material that can harden into a solid, is injected into the second space 12 from the second filling port 16, which is located approximately in the center of the circular outer edge of the third membrane 8. The concrete enters the second space 12 from approximately the center, moves toward the outer edge, and gradually fills the first space from the outer edge toward the inside and from below toward above. After confirming that the concrete has reached the second filling port 16, the concrete filling is completed and the second filling port 16 is closed.

[0026] In the second filler filling process, the weight on the second membrane 6 increases as the concrete fills the second space 12. The pressure of the air filling the first space 10, the material and shape of the second membrane 6 are set so that the second membrane 6 can maintain its predetermined shape even when concrete is injected. In addition, the material, thickness and shape of the third membrane 8 are predetermined so that it can take on a predetermined shape due to the internal pressure of the concrete when the second space 12 is filled with concrete. When concrete is filled, a roughly spherical concrete layer of approximately constant thickness is formed between the second membrane 6 and the third membrane 8.

[0027] Next, a curing process is performed to harden the concrete in the second space 12. During the curing process, the second membrane 6 and the third membrane 8 are left in contact with the concrete, and air is introduced into the first space 10 to create internal pressure while curing is carried out. This curing process hardens the concrete in the second space 12, and the second membrane 6, the third membrane 8, and the concrete between them are held in a predetermined shape.

[0028] According to this embodiment configured in this way, the following excellent effects can be obtained. A first space 10 is formed between the first membrane 4 and the second membrane 6, and the first filler filling process fills the first space 10 with air to hold the second membrane 6 in a predetermined shape. Therefore, it is only necessary to fill the limited space surrounded by the first membrane 4 and the second membrane 6 with air, and the second membrane 6 can be held in a predetermined shape with less air, thus shortening the working time of the first filler filling process. Furthermore, while conventional methods required sealing the entire building to inject air into the entire interior space, this embodiment creates a sealed first space 10 between the first membrane 4 and the second membrane 6, eliminating the need to seal the wall portion 102. This simplifies construction work and significantly reduces construction time.

[0029] During the curing process, the second membrane 6 and the third membrane 8 are positioned above and below the concrete during curing, allowing the concrete to be poured regardless of weather conditions such as rain. Furthermore, the second membrane 6 and the third membrane 8 also serve as a waterproof layer for the concrete. Additionally, curing with the second membrane 6 and the third membrane 8 positioned above and below the concrete makes it easier to ensure the density of the concrete, thereby more reliably achieving the required strength.

[0030] In the second filler filling process, concrete is filled between the second membrane 6 and the third membrane 8, so the thickness of the concrete can be controlled by the second membrane 6 and the third membrane 8. Therefore, plastering work that was conventionally required to level concrete is eliminated, making construction easier and helping to alleviate labor shortages.

[0031] Since air is filled in the first filler filling process, the first filler can be easily prepared. Also, since air is easy to handle, the first filler filling process can be easily carried out.

[0032] In the second filler filling process, concrete that can harden into a solid is filled, so when filling the second space 12, it is fluid and easy to fill, and after curing it hardens and can maintain the shape of the second space 12.

[0033] In the first and second filler filling processes, the first and second fillers are filled from the first and second filling ports 14 and 16, respectively, which are located approximately in the center. This allows the first and second fillers to be efficiently filled into the first space 10 and the second space 12, respectively, and ensures that the second film 6 and the third film 8 are reliably molded and held in their predetermined shapes.

[0034] After filling with the second filler and curing the second filler as necessary, the first membrane is left in place without being removed. This allows the internal pressure within the first space to hold the second membrane, the third membrane, and the second filler in place, thus ensuring more secure structural support and reducing the required strength of the second membrane, the third membrane, and the second filler to maintain their shape.

[0035] The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and may also be in the following forms, for example. Figure 5 shows a modified example of a structure according to one embodiment of the present invention. The first membrane, the second membrane, and the third membrane can be formed in various shapes. For example, as shown in Figure 5, the first membrane 24, the second membrane 26, and the third membrane 28 may have a deformed shape in plan view where a part of the spherical surface bulges outward. Even with such shapes, the roof can be easily formed by the same method as in the embodiment described above. In this way, by changing the shapes of the second membrane 26 and the third membrane 28 in various ways, roofs of diverse shapes can be formed.

[0036] The membranes constituting the structure are not limited to the three membranes provided as in the embodiment described above, but may be composed of four or more membranes. If four or more membranes are provided, a first filler may be filled between at least one of the membranes and at least one adjacent membrane, and a second filler may be filled between the membrane filled with the first filler and at least one of the other membranes. When the first filler is filled into multiple spaces between the membranes, the same filler may be filled into multiple spaces, or different fillers may be filled into multiple spaces. Similarly, when the second filler is filled into multiple spaces between the membranes, the same filler may be filled into multiple spaces, or different fillers may be filled into multiple spaces.

[0037] The structure to be formed does not have to be a roof as in the embodiment described above; for example, the entire building including walls may be formed. In that case, the second and third membranes can be pre-shaped to resemble the shape of a building, and the first to third membranes can be fixed directly to the ground to form the building. As an example of forming the entire building as a structure, it is also conceivable to form it with a membrane that has a closed, spherical or other arbitrarily predetermined shape enclosed space inside, including walls and floors. Furthermore, the structure is not limited to buildings that include living spaces, but may also be a storage container with a closable space, such as a gas storage tank.

[0038] As described above, the present invention is also suitable for forming structures having a separable space, and in that case, the present invention is suitable for use in outer space, for example. The structure of the present invention is made up of first to third membranes and filled with a filler material in the space between them, so for example, if the first to third membranes are folded and loaded onto a rocket for transport and deployed in outer space such as on the lunar surface, it is possible to form a lunar habitation module. In that case, it is also possible to procure the filler material locally. Since more habitation modules can be transported in a single shipment, transportation costs can be reduced.

[0039] Reinforcement materials may be provided on the second membrane, the third membrane, or both. In this case, reinforcement materials such as reinforcing bars or wire mesh can be attached in advance to the inside of the second membrane, the third membrane, or both, i.e., on the surfaces of the second and third membranes that face each other. With such a configuration, the structure can be reinforced, and a more robust structure can be formed.

[0040] Figure 7 shows another modified example of the structure according to one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 7, the surface of the third membrane 44 facing the second space 46 is provided with an adhesion jig 48 to ensure adhesion with the second filler. The adhesion jig 48 is a columnar member with an H-shaped cross-section having a pair of plate-like portions 50, 52 and a bridge portion 54 connecting these plate-like portions 50, 52. The outer surface of one plate-like portion 50 is fixed to the inner surface of the third membrane 44 with fixing means such as waterproof tape 56. The other plate-like portion 52 is positioned to protrude into the second space 46. When filling with the second filler, the adhesive jig 48 is provided, and more specifically, the second filler is filled up to the upper end of the adhesive jig 48 or the upper end of the waterproof tape 56, which is shown as the joint line 58 in Figure 7, and then hardened into a solid. After that, the second filler is filled further. As the second filler hardens, the adhesive jig 48 firmly bonds with the second filler, so it is possible to prevent the third film 44 from spreading outwards or peeling off from the second filler as the second filler is filled. Furthermore, the adhesion jig is not limited to being provided only on the third membrane; for example, it may be provided only on the second membrane, or on both the second and third membranes.

[0041] In the embodiment described above, the first space was filled with air, but the first filler material used to fill the first space is not limited to air. Any substance that can hold the second membrane in a predetermined shape due to the internal pressure within the first space caused by the filling can be used. This includes any gas, liquid, or other substance such as a sol or water. Furthermore, although concrete was used as the second filler in the above-described embodiment, the material is not limited to concrete. Any material that can hold the second and third membranes in a predetermined shape may be used, and any other solid or hardened material can be arbitrarily selected. For example, when using the space while maintaining the internal pressure of the first space, granular or powdered solids such as sand may be used as the second filler to ensure strength. In this case, a curing process is unnecessary. Other examples of the second filler include any material such as a sol-like substance or a liquid such as water.

[0042] In the embodiments described above, the first and second filling ports were provided approximately in the center of the first and third membranes, respectively. However, the invention is not limited to this, and an appropriate number of filling ports may be placed in appropriate locations depending on the shape of the structure. Furthermore, the second filling port may have an air outlet for discharging air from the second space to the outside as the second filling material is filled, in addition to being a filling port for the second filling material. This air outlet may be provided separately from the second filling port. Moreover, when filling the second filling material from the second filling port, for example, a hose may be inserted into the second space from the second filling port and the filling may be done through the hose. In this case, it is preferable to position the tip of the hose near the outer end of the second space, start filling the second filling material, and continue filling while inserting the tip of the hose into the filled second filling material. Filling in this manner prevents air bubbles from forming inside the second filling material.

[0043] The filling of the second filler may be carried out in multiple steps to prevent, for example, sagging of the second and third membranes, or loosening of fibers if the membranes contain fibers. For example, if the second filler is a material that hardens like concrete, the second filler may be filled into a part of the second space, hardened, and then the second filler may be filled into another part of the second space and hardened again, so that the second filler is filled in two or more steps. By filling the second filler in multiple steps in this way, the hydraulic pressure on the membrane caused by the second filler in a single filling can be reduced, and the deformation of the second and third membranes due to hydraulic pressure can be controlled.

[0044] The second and third membranes may be appropriately reinforced so that they can take on a predetermined shape when expanded by the internal pressure of the first space or the internal pressure of the second space. Figure 6 shows another modified example of the structure according to one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 6, ring-shaped reinforcing membranes 40 and 42 may be provided above and on the outer circumference of the third membrane 38. The radial lengths of the reinforcing membranes 40 and 42 are different, with the reinforcing membrane 40 closer to the third membrane being longer than the reinforcing membrane 42, covering a larger area of ​​the third membrane 38. With such reinforcing membranes 40 and 42, excessive expansion of the third membrane 38 due to the weight of the second filler during the second filler filling process can be prevented, and the third membrane 38 can be formed into a predetermined shape. By providing the reinforcing membranes 40 and 42 in this way, the thickness of the second space can be controlled.

[0045] Figure 8 shows yet another modification of the structure according to one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 8, after the curing process, a first membrane removal process may be performed to remove the first membrane 4. In the first membrane removal process, after the concrete has hardened, the air in the first space 10 is released to relieve the pressure inside, and the first membrane 4 is removed. Since the concrete has hardened, the second membrane 6, the third membrane 8 and the concrete between them are supported in a predetermined shape, and the roof 1 is formed. After the second filler filling process, the first membrane 4 is removed by the first membrane removal process, so that the first space 10 can be used as an interior space of the building 100. Furthermore, the modifications described above are not limited to the third membrane, which may be removed in addition to the first membrane.

[0046] In the above-described embodiment, the spacing between the second and third membranes was made uniform to form a roof of a constant thickness. However, the method is not limited to this, and the spacing between the second and third membranes does not need to be uniform; it can be freely set according to the shape of the structure.

[0047] The shapes of the first to third membranes were circular or spherical in the embodiments described above, but are not limited to these and can be arbitrarily set according to the shape of the structure. For example, they may be elliptical, polygonal, or deformed sheet-like shapes, or they may be spherical or deformed curved three-dimensional shapes. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0048] 1. Roof 2 Basics 4. The first membrane 6,26 Second membrane 8, 28, 38 The third membrane 10 The first space 12. The Second Space 14. First filling port 16. Second filling port 100 buildings 102 Wall

Claims

1. A method for forming a structure, The process involves fixing the edges of the first, second, and third membranes, placing the second membrane on the first membrane, and placing the third membrane on the second membrane, while forming a first space between the first and second membranes and a second space between the second and third membranes. A step of filling the first space with a first filler and holding the second membrane in a predetermined shape with the internal pressure of the first filler, The process includes the step of filling the second space with a second filler while the second film is held in a predetermined shape, A method characterized by the following:

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first filler is a gas or a liquid.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second filler is a solid or a material that can harden into a solid.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising the step of removing the first film after the step of filling with the second filler.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising the step of arranging reinforcing materials on mutually opposing surfaces of the second film and / or the third film.

6. The first membrane and, A second film disposed on the first film, A third film placed on the second film, Fixing parts for fixing the edges of the first membrane, the second membrane, and the third membrane, A first space formed between the first film and the second film, A second space formed between the second membrane and the third membrane, The first space is filled with the first filler, The second space is filled with a second filler, The internal pressure of the first filler supports the second membrane, the third membrane, and the second filler in a predetermined shape. A structure characterized by the following features.

7. The structure according to claim 6, wherein the first filler is a gas or a liquid.

8. The structure according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the second filler is a solid or a material that can harden into a solid.

9. The structure according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the first membrane has at least one first filling port that communicates with the first space and is capable of being filled with the second filler, and the third membrane has at least one second filling port that communicates with the second space and is capable of being filled with the second filler.

10. The structure according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the second membrane and the third membrane are provided with reinforcing materials on surfaces facing each other.

Images