Yeast, yeast hydrolysates, or materials or compositions containing these for the prevention of dyslipidemia

Abstract

To provide a novel material or composition that is effective in preventing or alleviating dyslipidemia. [Solution] A material or composition containing live or dead yeast cells or yeast hydrolysates for preventing or alleviating dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia here refers to one or more abnormalities in blood concentrations of LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol), HDL cholesterol (good cholesterol), and triglycerides (neutral fats). Zygosaccharomyces rouxii or Pichia are preferred as the yeast. The yeast is preferably of food origin and preferably intended for human consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0004] , , ,

[0001] The present invention relates to a material or composition that contributes to the prevention or alleviation of dyslipidemia, including yeast, yeast extracts, and lipids contained in these cells.

Background Art

[0002] - Regarding dyslipidemia In Japan, it has been reported that there are approximately 2.2 million patients with dyslipidemia, and the number is increasing year by year (Non-Patent Document 1). Dyslipidemia indicates a state where the lipid values in the blood deviate from the reference values, and was once also called hyperlipidemia. Specifically, it is an abnormality in the blood concentrations of LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol), HDL cholesterol (good cholesterol), and triglycerides (neutral fat). All of these are associated with the promotion of arteriosclerosis. The number of people suspected of having dyslipidemia increases with age, and factors such as the Westernization of diet and lack of exercise are considered. In addition, it has been pointed out that the progression is promoted by the combination with hypertension, diabetes, and smoking. Most of the diseases caused by arteriosclerosis, such as cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, and myocardial infarction, have a fatal impact on the continuation of a healthy life. Therefore, the social significance of solving dyslipidemia through food is great.

[0003] - Regarding existing technologies for improving dyslipidemia As effective therapeutic drugs for dyslipidemia, there are statin preparations (such as mevalotin), anion exchange resin (resin) preparations (such as questran), nicotinic acid derivative preparations (such as yubera N), and fibrate preparations (such as vinograck), but all of them are pharmaceuticals and are taken after the abnormality becomes clear.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0005] [Non-Patent Document 1] Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare: Overview of the 2017 Patient Survey [Non-Patent Document 2] Jpn Pharmacol Ther (Pharmacology and Therapeutics), 51(8), 1159-1171. [Non-Patent Document 3] Fuentes, Mari C., et al. Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 9.2 (2016): 125-135. [Non-Patent Document 4] Journal of Food Chemistry and Engineering, Vol. 56, No. 3, pp. 177-183, 2009. [Non-Patent Document 5] Journal of the Japan Society for Biotechnology, Vol. 87, No. 3, pp. 129-134, 2009. [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0006] While the lipid-lowering effect of β-glucan derived from baker's yeast has also been disclosed (Non-Patent Literature 5), obtaining the glucan requires extraction with acid or alkali, so it is not an effect of the bacterial cells themselves, and the procedure is complicated. In addition, according to the inventor's experiments described later, even other companies' brewer's yeasts that are rich in β-glucan have low bile acid binding capacity, so it cannot be said that there is a clear correlation between being rich in β-glucan and the prevention or reduction of dyslipidemia.

[0007] -Regarding the potential of microbial materials On the other hand, bacterial materials (lactic acid bacteria, yeast) have been confirmed to have various functions, and various effects and benefits have been reported, such as improving intestinal function, anti-obesity effects, immune system improvement, allergy improvement, sleep improvement, and beauty effects. It has been found that some of these effects can also be exerted with dead bacterial cells, and their use is expanding because they do not contaminate the production line and are easy to handle. However, it is generally thought that a larger number of dead bacterial cells are needed than with live bacterial cells, and there is a desire for technology to safely and inexpensively produce large quantities of bacterial cells. Currently, there are reports of bacterial materials involved in the prevention and mitigation of dyslipidemia, such as Isachenchia orientalis, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Chloeckera africana, Cluiveromyces marxianas, Cluiveromyces lactis, Pichia farinosa and Torraspora delbrueckii (Patent Document 1), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Patent Document 2), Monascus purpureus (Non-Patent Document 2), Lactobacillus plantarum (Non-Patent Document 3), Lactobacillus paracasei (Non-Patent Document 4), and Bifidobacterium bifidum (Patent Document 3), but these materials use different bacterial species.

[0008] The inventors believed it would be useful if dyslipidemia could be prevented or alleviated using bacterial cells that are easily consumed daily and have high food compatibility. Among bacterial cell materials, lactic acid bacteria and yeast, in particular, have the advantage of being easily consumed daily due to their high food compatibility. Therefore, it is hoped that a strain of lactic acid bacteria or yeast that exhibits an effect against dyslipidemia will be found. Furthermore, since yeast has a larger cell diameter and better production efficiency than lactic acid bacteria, it is hoped that a strain of yeast that exhibits an effect will be found. In addition, considering that it will be consumed by adding it to regular food, it is hoped that a strain that exhibits an effect using dead bacteria with minimal contamination of the production line will be found. Also, in order to mass-produce it using inexpensive equipment, it is hoped that the bacteria can be cultured in a medium that is less susceptible to contamination by other bacteria (for example, a medium with high salt content).

[0009] In view of the above circumstances, the object of the present invention is to provide a novel material or composition that is effective in preventing or alleviating dyslipidemia. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] According to the present invention, the following materials and bacterial cells are provided. [1] A material or composition for preventing or alleviating dyslipidemia, containing live or dead yeast or yeast hydrolysates selected from the genus Zygosaccharomyces or Pichia guilliermondii. [2] The material or composition according to [1], wherein dyslipidemia is one or more of the abnormal blood concentrations of LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol), HDL cholesterol (good cholesterol), and triglycerides (neutral fats). [3] The material or composition according to [1] or [2], wherein the yeast is a salt-tolerant yeast. [4] The material or composition according to [1] or [2], wherein the yeast is Zygosaccharomyces rouxii or Pichia guilliermondii. [5] The material or composition according to any one of the items [1] to [4], wherein the yeast is of food origin. [6] Yeast or yeast hydrolysates of accession numbers NITE P-03240(Y1), NITE P-04129(Y2), NITE P-03210(Y3), NITE P-04130(Y9), NITE P-03211(Y4), and NITE P-03212(Y6). [7] The material or composition described in any one of the items [1] to [6] for human consumption. [8] An oral solid or liquid preparation for the prevention or reduction of dyslipidemia, comprising administering 100 mg to 500 mg per day for approximately 2 to 12 weeks a material or composition containing live or dead yeast or yeast hydrolysates selected from the genus Zygosaccharomyces or Pichia guilliermondii. [9] Food or beverage containing a material or composition containing live or dead yeast or yeast hydrolysates selected from the genus Zygosaccharomyces or Pichia guilliermondii. [Effects of the Invention]

[0011] According to the present invention, a material, a bacterial cell, and a bacterial cell decomposition product having high food suitability, being easy to ingest daily, and having an effect on preventing or reducing dyslipidemia can be obtained.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0012] [Figure 1] A graph showing changes in blood concentrations of various substances by feeding for 10 weeks to 10-week-old model rats. [Figure 2] A graph showing changes in blood concentrations of various substances by feeding for 5 weeks to 5-week-old model rats. [Figure 3] A graph showing changes in blood concentrations of various substances by ingestion for 4 weeks in humans.

Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0013] The present invention will be described in more detail below, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to these embodiments in any way. The numerical value corresponding to the lower limit of the numerical range of various parameters described below may be "more than" that numerical value including that numerical value, or may "exceed" that numerical value so as not to include that numerical value. Also, the numerical value corresponding to the upper limit may be "less than" that numerical value including that numerical value, or may be "less than" that numerical value so as not to include that numerical value.

[0014] It is preferable that the yeast cells are derived from food. Food-derived yeast cells offer advantages such as higher safety during consumption and easier cultivation, thus facilitating production. In this specification, "food-derived" means cells taken from food consumed by humans or from the manufacturing process thereof. The food is preferably a natural or organic food, and in particular, fermented foods such as koji, amazake, soy sauce, sake, shio koji, mirin, mirin-style seasoning, and miso are preferred. The food-derived yeast cells may be used as is, or they may be selected through screening of commercially available or isolated food-derived strains, or they may be induced by mutations using methods such as physical ultraviolet (UV) irradiation or the use of chemical mutagens, followed by appropriate selection.

[0015] Dyslipidemia includes abnormalities in the blood levels of LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol), HDL cholesterol (good cholesterol), and triglycerides (neutral fats). In this specification, "abnormal blood concentration" can be defined as LDL cholesterol: 140 mg / dL or higher, triglycerides: 150 mg / dL or higher on an empty stomach, 175 mg / dL or higher on a non-fasting stomach, and HDL cholesterol: less than 40 mg / dL (Source: National Institute of Public Health e-Health Net URL: https: / / www.e-healthnet.mhlw.go.jp / information / metabolic / m-05-004.html).

[0016] The yeast material according to the present invention prevents or alleviates the onset of at least one symptom of dyslipidemia caused by the factors listed above.

[0017] The effect of preventing or mitigating dyslipidemia is confirmed in model animals and humans by measuring blood concentrations of LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol), HDL cholesterol (good cholesterol), and triglycerides. Specifically, it is preferable that there is a statistically significant difference in the reduction of at least one of the above evaluation indicators compared to the control group (preferably p<0.10, more preferably p<0.05). In this specification, blood concentrations of LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in model animals were measured by Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd. The blood concentration of LDL cholesterol is the average value obtained by measuring three times using the direct method. In this specification, the blood concentration of HDL cholesterol is the average value obtained by measuring three times using the direct method. In this specification, the blood concentration of triglycerides is the average value obtained by measuring three times using an enzymatic method.

[0018] In this specification, salt-tolerant yeast refers to yeast that can be cultured in a medium with a high salt concentration (salt concentration of 7 w / v% or higher). In this specification, yeast hydrolysate refers to a product obtained by decomposing yeast using any of the decomposition methods described later.

[0019] The yeast used in this invention is a dead bacterium that prevents or alleviates dyslipidemia. Specifically, it may belong to at least one selected from the genera Zygosaccharomyces or Pichia. More specifically, it may belong to at least one selected from the group consisting of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii and Pichia guilliermondii. Among these, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii is preferred, and more preferably, it has assimilation ability to disaccharides or trisaccharides in a high-salinity environment of 14% by weight or more of salt, and is particularly preferred if the shortest time to double in size when cultured with shaking at 30°C in a medium containing 14% salt, 5% trehalose, and 10% soy sauce is less than 5.8 hours. Two or more of these strains may also be combined.

[0020] The strains used in this invention are preferably NITE P-03240(Y1), NITE P-04129(Y2), NITE P-03210(Y3), NITE P-04130(Y9), NITE P-03211(Y4), and NITE P-03212(Y6). These strains are particularly safe and can prevent or alleviate dyslipidemia. Accession numbers NITE P-03240(Y1), NITE P-04129(Y2), NITE P-03210(Y3), NITE P-04130(Y9), NITE P-03211(Y4), and NITE P-03212(Y6) are deposited with the Patent Microbial Depository Center (NPMD) of the National Institute of Technology and Evaluation. The preferred strain is a salt-tolerant bacterium derived from miso, which can grow even at high salt concentrations (e.g., over 18 w / v%). Therefore, by culturing under high salt concentrations where food poisoning bacteria and other contaminating bacteria are less likely to grow, selective cultivation is possible, and furthermore, it can be produced at low cost using simple cultivation equipment.

[0021] [Method for preparing bacterial strains] The bacterial strain used in this invention can be prepared by sterilization after cultivation. Specifically, after cultivation, culture medium components are removed by membrane treatment or centrifugation, followed by washing and purification. Then, heat sterilization is performed, and the culture is dried by means of freeze-drying or hot-air drying. In this way, the bacterial cells of the present invention can be prepared. Furthermore, since there are no steps in the preparation process that involve extraction with acid or alkali, or intentionally crushing the bacterial cells, manufacturing costs are reduced, and because the uncrushed bacterial cells are washed and purified, extracellular secretions are not included.

[0022] [Method for preparing yeast hydrolysates] The yeast hydrolysate used in the present invention is also called an extract and can be prepared by processing such as autolysis or enzymatic decomposition after culturing. Typically, after culturing, the culture medium components are removed by membrane treatment or centrifugation, and then washed and purified. Then, decomposition is carried out by one or a combination of conventionally known methods such as autolysis, enzymatic decomposition, hot water extraction, acid / alkali decomposition, and physical destruction, followed by appropriate heat sterilization. Finally, it is concentrated or dried by means of freeze-drying or hot-air drying. In this way, the yeast hydrolysate used in the present invention can be prepared. Here, a typical method of yeast decomposition is to use a combination of a protease preparation and a glucanase preparation, but autolysis or other methods are also acceptable as long as the yeast is decomposed, and even in the case of enzymatic decomposition, the present invention is not limited by the type and amount of enzyme added, the reaction temperature or time.

[0023] [About the materials] Another aspect of the present invention is a material or composition for preventing or alleviating dyslipidemia, comprising one or more selected from the group consisting of yeast and yeast hydrolysates. The material is yeast and / or yeast hydrolysates themselves. As indicated by "two or more," the material of the present invention includes materials in which, although each of one or more types of yeast or one or more types of yeast hydrolysates does not have the effect of preventing or alleviating dyslipidemia on its own, the combination of one or more types of yeast or one or more types of yeast hydrolysates causes changes in substance production due to interactions, changes in the growth environment, etc., resulting in a material that has the effect of preventing or alleviating dyslipidemia. The "material or composition" may take any form of substance that can be ingested by humans. Typical forms of substance include, but are not particularly limited to, tablets, powders, granules, aqueous solutions, syrups, ointments, creams, pastes, gummies, gums, and things generally referred to as food ingredients or foods. Methods of ingesting the materials or compositions include, but are not limited to, oral, nasal, dermal, intravenous, enteral, vaginal, and anal administration. The same applies to yeast and yeast hydrolysates as described above. There are no particular restrictions on the dosage form of the above materials or compositions; when taken orally, it may be an oral solid or an oral liquid. When the above materials or compositions are used as oral solid preparations, for example, they can be manufactured by conventional methods by adding excipients, and optionally binders, disintegrants, lubricants, colorants, flavoring agents, and odor-masking agents to yeast or yeast hydrolysates. When the above materials or compositions are used to make an oral liquid preparation, for example, they can be manufactured by adding additives such as flavoring agents, odor-masking agents, buffering agents, and stabilizers to yeast or yeast hydrolysates using conventional methods.

[0024] [Regarding usage and dosage] The yeast, yeast hydrolysates, materials, or compositions used in the present invention are more preferably taken orally before being affected by factors that cause dyslipidemia, from the viewpoint of preventing or mitigating dyslipidemia. When taking bacterial cell powder or bacterial cell hydrolysate powder, it is preferable to take, for example, 100 mg to 500 mg per day for about 2 to 12 weeks, before meals (20 to 30 minutes before a meal), between meals (2 hours after a meal), or after meals (20 to 30 minutes after a meal). For low doses, it is preferable to administer 150 mg to 300 mg per day for about 3 to 10 weeks, and more preferably 180 mg to 280 mg per day for about 4 to 8 weeks. For high doses, it is preferable to administer 300 mg to 500 mg per day for about 2 to 6 weeks, and more preferably 300 mg to 450 mg per day for about 2 to 4 weeks. When adding to food, too little will have little effect, while too much will affect cost, taste, and flavor. Therefore, the amount to add will vary depending on the type of food, its intended use, and the amount of dilution. Generally, however, the final product can be prepared by adding the above-mentioned bacterial cell powder or bacterial cell decomposition powder so that it contains 10% to 150% of the recommended oral intake amount for one serving of food.

[0025] [About dyslipidemia model animals] The "ZFDM rat" was used as the experimental animal. The ZFDM rat is a model rat used in research fields related to diabetes, obesity, complications such as diabetic nephropathy, hypercholesterolemia, and hyperglucoseemia, and is known to significantly increase cholesterol levels from around 10 weeks of age.

[0026] [About the bile acid binding test] Bile acids, which are derived from cholesterol, are produced in the liver, reabsorbed in the small intestine, and then transported back to the liver, with some being excreted in the feces. This study allows us to compare the effect of samples on binding to bile acids, inhibiting their reabsorption in the small intestine, and promoting their excretion. When bile acid excretion increases, the amount of cholesterol in the liver decreases, and to compensate, cholesterol from the blood is taken up by the liver. As a result, blood cholesterol levels decrease. This method is known to screen for samples that are useful for preventing or reducing dyslipidemia. [Examples]

[0027] The present invention will be described in detail below based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. Example 1 <How to make the materials> 1. Isolation and identification of bacteria MGY agar medium was used to isolate the yeast. The yeast was cultured aerobically at 30°C for about 4 days, and colonies were collected. The "MGY agar medium" was prepared by mixing 10 v / v% soy sauce (koikuchi soy sauce (product name of Ichibiki Co., Ltd.)), 5.0 w / v% glucose (Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd.), and 6.0 w / v% sodium chloride (Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd.), adding 1.5 w / v% agar powder (Ina Food Industry Co., Ltd.), and processing by autoclaving. The size and shape of the isolated yeast were confirmed by microscopic observation. Furthermore, DNA was extracted from the bacterial cells, and for the yeast, 18S rDNA was amplified by PCR using primers ITS1F (5'-GTAACAAGGT(T / C)TCCGT-3') and ITS1R (5'-CGTTCTTCATCGATG-3'). The sequences of the obtained PCR products, "Sequence IDs: 1-9" (18S rDNA sequences of Sequence IDs X:YX), were analyzed and obtained. When compared with known nucleotide sequence databases, Y1-Y4, Y6, and Y9 showed homology of 100.0%, 100.0%, 99.84%, 99.90%, 99.90%, and 100.00%, respectively. Therefore, the bacterial species were identified as Zygosaccharomyces rouxii (Y1, Y2, Y3, Y9), Pichia anomala (Y4), and Pichia guilliermondii (Y6). The analysis method followed the "Rapid Identification Method of Microorganisms by Genetic Analysis" section of the 17th edition of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. 2. Preparation of bacterial cell powder For each isolated strain, the yeast was aerobically cultured at 30°C for approximately 3 days using "MGY medium." "MGY medium" is a medium obtained by removing the agar powder from the aforementioned "MGY agar medium." After culturing each strain according to the above procedure, the cells were collected by centrifugation at 5000 rpm for 10 minutes, and the precipitate was resuspended in water and centrifuged again. This process was repeated at least three times to remove the medium components. Finally, the precipitate, suspended in water, was autoclaved at 121°C for 20 minutes and freeze-dried to obtain each cell powder. Note that the preparation process did not involve extraction with acid or alkali, or intentional crushing of the cells, and the cells were washed and purified without crushing, so no extracellular secretions are included.

[0028] 3A. Preparation of bacterial cell decomposition powder (autolysis) The culture medium components were removed using the same procedure as in step 2, and the mixture was suspended in water to a solid content of 10%. The pH was confirmed to be neutral (6.5-7.5). The mixture was then reacted overnight at 50°C (autolysis), and it was confirmed that the Brix (soluble solids) of the supernatant was 8.0 or higher, and that the absorbances at 260, 280, and 230 nm (path length 10 mm) of 100-fold dilutions of the supernatant were 1.5, 1.0, and 1.7 or higher, respectively. After that, the mixture was autoclaved at 121°C for 20 minutes and freeze-dried to obtain a bacterial cell degradation product powder. 3B. Preparation of bacterial cell decomposition powder (enzymatic decomposition) The culture medium components were removed by the same procedure as in step 2, and the mixture was suspended in water to a solid content of 10%. After confirming that the pH was neutral (6.5-7.5), 0.2 w / v% samoase PC10F (Amano Enzyme Co., Ltd.) and 0.2 w / v% denazyme GEL-1 (Nagase & Co., Ltd.) were added and thoroughly mixed. The mixture was reacted overnight at 55°C, and after confirming that the Brix (soluble solids) of the supernatant was 8.0 or higher, and that the absorbances at 260, 280, and 230 nm (path length 10 mm) of 100-fold dilutions of the supernatant were 1.5, 1.0, and 1.7 or higher, respectively, the mixture was autoclaved at 121°C for 20 minutes and freeze-dried to obtain bacterial cell degradation product powder.

[0029] 4. Bile acid binding test The test method (modified by the Nagaoka Lab, Gifu University) was used to confirm that the mechanism of action of cholesterol absorption inhibition is bile acid binding. Specifically, four samples were prepared for each bacterial cell or bacterial degradation product. Each sample was added to a 0.1 mM taurocholic acid (Sigma-Aldrich) solution and mixed with a vortex mixer for 30 seconds. After shaking at 37°C for 2 hours, the mixture was centrifuged at 8000 × g, 37°C for 15 minutes, and the supernatant was collected. The supernatants of the four obtained samples were analyzed by HPLC under the following conditions, and the amount of taurocholic acid remaining dissolved without precipitation was measured. The average value of each supernatant was calculated and compared with the average value of a blank sample (containing Tris buffer and 0.1 mM taurocholic acid) processed without any samples, which was set to 100. Ave% and SD% were calculated as follows. Ave% = (Average value of each supernatant) / (Average value of blank samples) * 100 SD% = (Standard deviation of the mean of each supernatant) / (Mean of the blank sample) * 100 The measurement conditions for HPLC were as follows: Column: TSKgel ODS-120T (4.6 × 150 mm), Column temperature: 40°C, Eluent: Acetonitrile (Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.): Water: Phosphoric acid: = 45:54:1, Flow rate: 0.8 ml / min, Detection: UV 210 nm detector (Shimadzu Corporation). The results are shown in Table 1.

[0030] [Table 1]

[0031] In yeast powders of Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y6, and Y9, as well as in autodigested yeast extracts, bile acid levels were significantly reduced. Furthermore, in the case of Y1, similar measurements using enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast extract also showed the greatest reduction in bile acid levels. On the other hand, no significant reduction was observed with commercially available yeasts from other companies (EBIOS Natural Ingredients Beer Yeast Powder (Asahi Group Foods Co., Ltd.)), indicating that not all yeasts possess this effect (Table 1). These results suggest that some salt-tolerant yeasts (Zygosaccharomyces and Pichia) may have bile acid binding activity and potentially prevent or alleviate dyslipidemia.

[0032] Example 2 <Animal Test 1> 5. Preparation of the feed to be consumed F-2 feed (Funabashi Farm Co., Ltd.) was used as the feed for the normal diet group. The test group was given the same feed as the normal diet group, mixed with each of the powders. 6. Observation for prevention or reduction of dyslipidemia The study used ZFDM rats (obtained from Nippon SLC Co., Ltd.). Ten-week-old male rats were fed the specific diets shown in Table 2 until they reached 20 weeks of age.

[0033] [Table 2]

[0034] Blood samples were taken at 5 weeks (15 weeks of age) and 10 weeks (20 weeks of age) of administration, and blood concentrations of LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol), HDL cholesterol (good cholesterol), and triglycerides were measured and compared. The results are shown in Figure 1.

[0035] As shown in Figure 1, Y1 intake significantly suppressed the increase in LDL cholesterol at week 10 (control group week 5: 9.6±3.4, control group week 10: 15.1±5.2, Y1 group week 5: 7.0±0.0, Y1 group week 10: 7.5±2.9) (*Notation: mean ± standard deviation). A significant increase in HDL cholesterol was observed in the control group from week 5 to week 10 (control group week 5: 62.1±5.5, control group week 10: 76.5±6.5, Y1 group week 5: 56.0±16.8, Y1 group week 10: 61.3±23.4). Triglyceride levels were significantly lower in the Y1 intake group at weeks 5 and 10 (control group week 5: 523.3±104.6, control group week 10: 627.3±187.0, Y1 group week 5: 312.4±220.6, Y1 group week 10: 268.8±176.0). Total cholesterol levels showed a significant suppression of increase at week 10 (control group week 5: 176.4±24.6, control group week 10: 217.1±47.6, Y1 group week 5: 125.5±60.7, Y1 group week 10: 122.5±60.6). The increase in LDL cholesterol / HDL cholesterol was significantly suppressed at week 10 (control group week 5: 0.15±0.04, control group week 10: 0.19±0.05, Y1 group week 5: 0.14±0.05, Y1 group week 10: 0.12±0.02). Based on the above, we confirmed that LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, which normally increase in model rats, were significantly suppressed when Y1 was ingested from week 5 to week 10 (15 weeks and 20 weeks of age) of test diet intake. HDL cholesterol significantly increased from week 5 to week 10 only in the group ingesting the normal diet, but when looking at the LDL / HDL ratio, the average value increased from week 5 to week 10. Therefore, although HDL cholesterol increased significantly, LDL cholesterol increased even more, so from the perspective of dyslipidemia, the control group can be considered to have worsened. These results suggest that yeast (Y1) may have an effect in preventing or mitigating dyslipidemia.

[0036] Example 3 <Animal Test 2> 7. Observation for prevention or reduction of dyslipidemia 2 ZFDM rats were used in the experiment. Five-week-old male rats were fed the specific diets shown in Table 3 until they reached 10 weeks of age.

[0037] [Table 3]

[0038] Blood samples were taken before the start of supplementation (5 weeks of age), at 3 weeks of supplementation (8 weeks of age), and at 5 weeks of supplementation (10 weeks of age). Blood concentrations of LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol), HDL cholesterol (good cholesterol), and triglycerides were measured and compared. The results are shown in Figure 2.

[0039] As shown in Figure 2, Y1 intake suppressed the increase in the mean LDL cholesterol level at week 5 (p=0.12) (control group at start: 5.0±0.0, control group at week 3: 7.3±0.9, control group at week 5: 9.0±0.8, Y1 group at start: 4.7±0.5, Y1 group at week 3: 7.7±0.9, Y1 group at week 5: 7.0±0.8) (*Notation: mean ± standard deviation). No clear increase or decrease in HDL cholesterol was observed during the period. Triglyceride levels tended to be suppressed at week 5 (control group at start: 162.3±27.0, control group at week 3: 456.7±76.4, control group at week 5: 743.3±49.5; Y1 group at start: 158.7±51.7, Y1 group at week 3: 435.3±75.5, Y1 group at week 5: 582.7±31.6).

[0040] Based on the above, we confirmed that LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, which normally increase in model rats, tend to be suppressed when Y1 was ingested at 5 weeks (10 weeks of age). These results suggest that if Y1 is taken in the early stages of dyslipidemia, it may have a preventative or mitigating effect even at a young age (with low cholesterol and triglyceride levels) and with a short intake period of 5 weeks.

[0041] Example 4 8. Human intake studies Four employees (a man in his 30s, a man in his 50s, a woman in her 50s, and a woman in her 60s) who felt they had high levels of LDL cholesterol and triglycerides were given 250 mg of Y1 per day for approximately four weeks. LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels were compared before and after administration. The results are shown in Figure 3.

[0042] As shown in Figure 3, all four participants experienced a decrease in either LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, or both. [Industrial applicability]

[0043] As described above, it has been found that the yeast used in the present invention can prevent or alleviate dyslipidemia when ingested by rats or humans. The yeast used in the present invention can be added to food and beverages, supplements, pharmaceuticals, etc., or used as is in food and beverages, supplements, pharmaceuticals, etc. Examples of food and beverages in which the yeast can be used include soy sauce, soup base, hot pot soup base, miso, instant miso soup, prepared miso (miso processed products), savory miso such as Kinzanji miso, seasoning sauces, seasoning dips, rice mixes, side dishes, amazake (fermented rice drink), etc.

Claims

1. A material or composition for preventing or alleviating dyslipidemia, containing live or dead yeast or yeast hydrolysates selected from the genus Zygosaccharomyces or Pichia guilliermondii.

2. The material or composition according to claim 1, wherein dyslipidemia is one or more of the abnormalities in blood concentrations of LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol), HDL cholesterol (good cholesterol), and triglycerides (neutral fats).

3. The material or composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the yeast is a salt-tolerant yeast.

4. The material or composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the yeast is Zygosaccharomyces rouxii or Pichia guilliermondii.

5. The material or composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the yeast is of food origin.

6. Yeast or yeast hydrolysates of accession numbers NITE P-03240 (Y1), NITE P-04129 (Y2), NITE P-03210 (Y3), NITE P-04130 (Y9), NITE P-03211 (Y4), and NITE P-03212 (Y6).

7. The material or composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, intended for human consumption.

8. An oral solid or liquid preparation for the prevention or reduction of dyslipidemia, comprising a material or composition containing live or dead yeast or yeast hydrolysates selected from the genus Zygosaccharomyces or Pichia guilliermondii, administered at a dose of 100 mg to 500 mg per day for approximately 2 to 12 weeks.

9. Food or beverages containing materials or compositions containing live or dead yeast or yeast hydrolysates selected from the genus Zygosaccharomyces or Pichia guilliermondii.

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