Membrane structure building

Abstract

The goal is to reduce the heating load in winter and the cooling load in summer. [Solution] The membrane structure building comprises a double membrane that constitutes the exterior of the building and has an inner membrane and an outer membrane having a radiative cooling function, and an air blower / discharge device that switches between an insulating mode in which air is blown into the double membrane to form an air layer between the inner membrane and the outer membrane, and a solar radiation shielding mode in which air is discharged from the double membrane to bring the inner membrane and the outer membrane into contact.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to membrane structures.

Background Art

[0002] The air film panel described in Patent Document 1 is an air film panel including an outer film material disposed on the outdoor side, an inner film material disposed on the indoor side, and an air layer existing between the outer film material and the inner film material. As the surface layer of the outer film material, it includes a fluorine-containing resin layer, and as the outer film material, the inner film material, or an intermediate film material disposed between the outer film material and the inner film material, it includes a glass fiber cloth impregnated resin layer, and the glass fiber cloth impregnated resin layer has a total light transmittance of 80% or more. It is an air film panel in which the aperture ratio of the glass fiber cloth contained in the glass fiber cloth impregnated resin layer is 1% or more and less than 20%.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] Conventionally, by using an air film structure in which an air layer is provided between double films for building exterior such as roofs and outer walls, the heat insulation effect may be improved. In such a configuration, in winter, the heating load can be suppressed.

[0005] On the other hand, in summer, it is desired to discharge the heat inside the room to the outside to suppress the cooling load. However, it is difficult to suppress the cooling load with an air film structure in which an air layer is provided between double films having a high heat insulation effect.

[0006] The problem of the present disclosure is to be able to suppress the heating load in winter and to suppress the cooling load in summer.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0007] A membrane structure building according to the first embodiment is characterized by comprising a double membrane that constitutes the exterior of the building and comprises an inner membrane and an outer membrane having a radiative cooling function, and an air blowing and exhaust device that switches between an insulating mode in which air is blown into the double membrane to form an air layer between the inner membrane and the outer membrane, and a solar radiation shielding mode in which air is discharged from the double membrane to bring the inner membrane and the outer membrane into contact.

[0008] According to the above embodiment, by using the double membrane in an insulating mode and a solar radiation shielding mode, the heating load can be suppressed in winter and the cooling load can be suppressed in summer.

[0009] A membrane structure building according to the second embodiment is a membrane structure building according to the first embodiment, characterized in that the ventilation and exhaust device raises the air pressure between the double membrane to a higher level than indoors in the thermal insulation mode, and lowers the air pressure between the double membrane to a lower level than indoors in the solar radiation shielding mode.

[0010] According to the above embodiment, the solar radiation shielding mode is maintained by lowering the air pressure between the double membranes to lower than the indoor air pressure, and the thermal insulation mode is maintained by raising the air pressure between the double membranes to higher than the indoor air pressure. [Effects of the Invention]

[0011] According to this disclosure, heating load can be reduced in winter, and cooling load can be reduced in summer. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0012] [Figure 1] This is a perspective view showing a membrane structure building according to the first embodiment of this disclosure. [Figure 2] This diagram shows a membrane structure building according to the first embodiment of this disclosure, and is a schematic diagram showing the state of the double membrane in solar radiation shielding mode. [Figure 3] This diagram shows a membrane structure building according to the first embodiment of this disclosure, illustrating a double membrane in an insulating mode. [Figure 4](A)(B) Drawings showing the exterior of a membrane structure building according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure, with the building exterior in a solar shading mode and the building exterior in a thermal insulation mode. [Figure 5] This is a control block diagram showing the control system for each component of a control unit provided in a membrane structure building according to the first embodiment of this disclosure. [Figure 6] This flowchart shows the control flow by a control unit provided in a membrane structure building according to the first embodiment of this disclosure. [Figure 7] (A)(B)A table showing the specifications used in the analysis of the membrane structure building according to the first embodiment of this disclosure, and a diagram showing the analysis model. [Figure 8] This diagram shows the analysis results of a membrane structure building according to the first embodiment of this disclosure in graph form. [Figure 9] This flowchart shows the control flow by a control unit provided in a membrane structure building according to the second embodiment of this disclosure. [Figure 10] This diagram shows the analysis results in graph form to support the analysis results of the membrane structure building according to the second embodiment of this disclosure. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0013] <First Embodiment> An example of a membrane structure building according to the first embodiment of this disclosure will be described with reference to Figures 1 to 8. The arrow H shown in each figure indicates the vertical direction of the membrane structure building. The arrow W shown in each figure indicates the horizontal direction perpendicular to the arrow H, which is the width direction of the membrane structure building. The arrow D shown in each figure indicates the horizontal direction perpendicular to the arrows H and W, which is the depth direction of the membrane structure building.

[0014] (Membrane structure building 100) As shown in Fig. 1, the membrane structure building 100 includes a building exterior 10 including an outer wall 10a and a roof 10b. The outer wall 10a faces the width direction or the depth direction, and the roof 10b is inclined with respect to the width direction. In this embodiment, the membrane structure building 100 is symmetric with respect to a center line passing through the center of the membrane structure building 100 and extending in the vertical direction when viewed from the depth direction.

[0015] 〔Building Exterior 10〕 As shown in Fig. 1, the building exterior 10 includes a skeleton part 14 and a double membrane 20. - Skeleton Part 14 - The skeleton part 14 is in a pipe shape (see Figs. 2 and 3) through which air flows inside. As shown in Fig. 1, in the outer wall 10a, the skeleton part 14 extends in the vertical direction and is arranged at intervals in the horizontal direction. Also, in the roof 10b, the lower end of the skeleton part 14 is connected to the skeleton part 14 arranged on the outer wall 10a and is arranged at intervals in the depth direction.

[0016] - Double Membrane 20 - As shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the double membrane 20 is arranged between horizontally adjacent skeleton parts 14 and is composed of an inner membrane 24 that can be elastically deformed and an outer membrane 26 that can be elastically deformed and has a radiative cooling function. That is, the double membrane 20 has a double membrane structure. Here, the outer membrane 26 having a radiative cooling function is a membrane that reflects light energy without absorbing it and has a function of transmitting thermal energy to the outside in the form of light energy. For example, it is SPACECOOL (registered trademark) of SPACECOOL Co., Ltd.

[0017] In addition, a plurality of communication holes communicating between the inner membrane 24 and the outer membrane 26 and a plurality of supply and discharge holes through which the air supplied to the inside of the skeleton part 14 passes and discharges air from the inside of the skeleton part 14 are formed in the above-mentioned skeleton part 14.

[0018] In this configuration, as shown in Figure 4(A), when air is discharged from between the inner membrane 24 and the outer membrane 26 through the communication holes in the skeletal portion 14, the inner membrane 24 and the outer membrane 26 come into contact. Hereinafter, this configuration may be referred to as the "solar radiation shielding mode". In this solar radiation shielding mode, by bringing the outer membrane 26 and the inner membrane 24 of the double membrane 20 into contact, in the summer, the rise in indoor temperature can be suppressed by radiative cooling of the outer membrane 26 without being obstructed by the air layer 28 (see Figure 4(B)), thereby suppressing the cooling load.

[0019] On the other hand, as shown in Figure 4(B), when air is supplied between the inner membrane 24 and the outer membrane 26 through the communication holes of the skeletal portion 14, an air layer 28 is formed between the inner membrane 24 and the outer membrane 26. Hereinafter, this configuration may be referred to as the "adiabatic mode". In this adiabatic mode, by forming an air layer 28 between the double membrane 20, the indoor temperature drop can be suppressed and the heating load can be reduced in winter.

[0020] 〔others〕 As shown in Figure 5, the membrane structure building 100 is equipped with an outdoor thermometer 110 capable of measuring the outside temperature (outside temperature) relative to the building exterior 10. Furthermore, the membrane structure building 100 is equipped with a ventilation and exhaust device 120 that supplies air into the interior of the frame 14 from supply and exhaust holes formed in the frame 14 and exhausts air from supply and exhaust holes formed in the frame 14. In addition, the membrane structure building 100 is equipped with an air conditioning system 130 that adjusts the air conditioning inside the building exterior 10 (indoors) and a control unit 150 that controls each part.

[0021] Furthermore, supply and discharge holes are formed in each of the multiple skeletal sections 14, and an air blower / discharge device 120 is provided for each supply and discharge hole. The control of each section by the control unit 150 will be explained later along with its operation.

[0022] (action) Next, the process of controlling the double membrane 20 of the membrane structure building 100 will be explained using the flowchart shown in Figure 6. First, in the initial state before control is initiated, the double membrane 20 is in solar radiation shielding mode (see Figure 2).

[0023] When control is initiated, in step S100 of Figure 5, the control unit 150 determines whether the air conditioning equipment 130 is operating. If it is operating, the process proceeds to step S200; otherwise, the process proceeds to step S210.

[0024] In step S200, the control unit 150 determines whether the air conditioning equipment 130 is operating in cooling mode. If it is operating in cooling mode, the process proceeds to step S300. On the other hand, if it is operating in heating mode, the process proceeds to step S320.

[0025] In step S300, the control unit 150 sets the double membrane 20 to solar shading mode. Specifically, if the double membrane 20 is already in solar shading mode, this state is maintained. On the other hand, if the double membrane 20 is in thermal insulation mode, the control unit 150 operates the respective air blower / discharge device 120 to discharge air from the supply / discharge holes formed in the frame 14. For example, the supply / discharge holes are provided with valves that open the supply / discharge holes only when the air blower / discharge device 120 is operating, so that when the air blower / discharge device 120 is not operating, there is no air entering or leaving the frame 14 through the supply / discharge holes. In this way, the air blower / discharge device 120 switches the double membrane 20 between thermal insulation mode and solar shading mode.

[0026] Specifically, the control unit 150 acquires information from a barometer (not shown) and maintains the double membrane 20 in solar shading mode by lowering the air pressure between the double membrane 20 to lower than the air pressure inside the membrane structure building 100 (indoors). Once the double membrane 20 is maintained in solar shading mode, the sequence of operations ends.

[0027] On the other hand, if the control unit 150 determines in step S100 that the air conditioning equipment 130 is not operating and the process proceeds to step S210, in step S210 the control unit 150 obtains the measurement result from the outdoor thermometer 110 and determines whether the outdoor temperature is higher than the set room temperature. If the outdoor temperature is higher than the set room temperature, the process proceeds to step S300 and the process described above is carried out. On the other hand, if the outdoor temperature is not higher than the set room temperature, the process proceeds to step S310. Here, the set room temperature is a temperature that can be arbitrarily changed and is the temperature to which people inside the room wish the room temperature to be.

[0028] In step S310, the control unit 150 sets the double membrane 20 to the thermal insulation mode. Specifically, if the double membrane 20 is already in thermal insulation mode, this state is maintained. On the other hand, if the double membrane 20 is in solar radiation shielding mode, the control unit 150 operates the respective air blower / discharge devices 120 to supply air through the supply / discharge holes formed in the frame 14.

[0029] Specifically, the control unit 150 acquires information from a barometer (not shown) and maintains the double membrane 20 in adiabatic mode by raising the air pressure between the double membrane 20 to a level higher than the air pressure inside the membrane structure building 100 (indoors). Once the double membrane 20 is maintained in adiabatic mode, the series of operations ends.

[0030] Furthermore, if the control unit 150 determines in step S200 that the air conditioning equipment 130 is operating in heating mode and proceeds to step S320, the control unit 150 sets the double membrane 20 to thermal insulation mode. Specifically, if the double membrane 20 is already in thermal insulation mode, this state is maintained. On the other hand, if the double membrane 20 is in solar shading mode, the control unit 150 operates each of the air blowers and exhaust devices 120 to supply air from the supply and exhaust holes formed in the frame 14.

[0031] Specifically, the control unit 150 acquires information from a barometer (not shown) and maintains the double membrane 20 in adiabatic mode by raising the air pressure between the double membrane 20 to a level higher than the air pressure inside the membrane structure building 100 (indoors). Once the double membrane 20 is maintained in adiabatic mode, the series of operations ends.

[0032] Once this sequence of steps is complete, the aforementioned steps are repeated after a predetermined time has elapsed. In other words, the aforementioned steps are performed at predetermined intervals.

[0033] (analysis) Next, the annual heating and cooling load of the membrane structure building 100 in the first embodiment was compared with the annual heating and cooling load of a membrane structure building in a comparative configuration through analysis. In other words, the energy-saving effect of the membrane structure building 100 was analyzed.

[0034] [Analysis software, analysis conditions] The analysis software used was Design Builder (EnergyPlus 9.4), an environmental design tool based on energy simulation.

[0035] For the analysis conditions, meteorological data from Tokyo was used. The analysis model, as shown in Figure 7(B), was a rectangular building, with windows accounting for 30% of the exterior wall area, and double-glazed windows were assumed.

[0036] Furthermore, internal loads (electricity from lighting, heat generated by people, etc.) were assumed to be those of a standard office building. In addition, the set temperatures for the air conditioning system were set to 24°C for cooling and 22°C for heating.

[0037] [Analysis Specifications] In the double-layered membrane structure of Comparative Form 1 shown in Figure 7(A), the inner membrane and outer membrane were made of white vinyl, and the double-layered membrane of Comparative Form 1 was always in thermal insulation mode.

[0038] In the double-layered membrane structure of Comparative Form 2 shown in Figure 7(A), the inner membrane is made of white vinyl, and the outer membrane is a membrane with radiative cooling properties, and the double-layered membrane of Comparative Form 2 is always in an insulating mode.

[0039] In the double membrane of the membrane structure building of Embodiment 1 shown in Figure 7(A), the inner membrane is made of white vinyl, and the outer membrane is a membrane with radiative cooling properties. Furthermore, as shown in the flow chart in Figure 5, the thermal insulation mode and the solar radiation shielding mode are used interchangeably. The double membrane of the membrane structure building of Embodiment 2 shown in Figure 7(A) will be described in the second embodiment described later.

[0040] [Analysis results] The analysis results are shown in Figure 8. Figure 8 shows a bar graph with the vertical axis representing the annual heating and cooling load (annual cooling load + annual heating load). As can be seen from this graph, the annual heating and cooling load of Embodiment 1 is lower than that of Comparative Embodiment 1 and Comparative Embodiment 2. Specifically, the annual heating load of Embodiment 1 is lower than that of Comparative Embodiment 1 and Comparative Embodiment 2, and the annual cooling load of Embodiment 1 is lower than that of Comparative Embodiment 1 and Comparative Embodiment 2.

[0041] (summary) As explained above, in the membrane structure building 100 according to the first embodiment, by using the double membrane 20 in an insulating mode and a solar radiation shielding mode, the heating load can be suppressed in winter and the cooling load can be suppressed in summer.

[0042] Furthermore, in the membrane structure building 100 according to the first embodiment, the solar radiation shielding mode is maintained by lowering the air pressure between the double membrane 20 to lower than the air pressure inside the membrane structure building 100 (indoors), and the thermal insulation mode is maintained by raising the air pressure between the double membrane 20 to higher than the air pressure inside the membrane structure building 100 (indoors).

[0043] <Second Embodiment> Next, an example of a membrane structure building according to the second embodiment of this disclosure will be described with reference to Figures 9 and 10. Note that the second embodiment will primarily describe the differences from the first embodiment.

[0044] The membrane structure building 200 (see Figure 1) according to the second embodiment is provided with a control unit 250 (see Figure 5).

[0045] (action) Next, the process of controlling the double membrane 20 of the membrane structure building 200 will be explained using the flowchart shown in Figure 9. First, in the initial state before control is initiated, the double membrane 20 is in solar radiation shielding mode (see Figure 2).

[0046] When control is initiated, in step S1100 of Figure 9, the control unit 250 determines whether the air conditioning equipment 130 is operating. If it is operating, the process proceeds to step S1200; otherwise, the process proceeds to step S1210.

[0047] In step S1200, the control unit 250 determines whether the air conditioning equipment 130 is operating in cooling mode. If it is operating in cooling mode, the process proceeds to step S1300. On the other hand, if it is operating in heating mode, the process proceeds to step S1400, which will be described later.

[0048] In step S1300, the control unit 250 obtains the measurement result from the ambient temperature meter 110 and determines whether the ambient temperature is higher than the set temperature + 4°C. If it is higher, the process proceeds to step S1400; otherwise, the process proceeds to step S1410.

[0049] In step S1400, the control unit 250 sets the double membrane 20 to the insulated mode. Specifically, if the double membrane 20 is already in the insulated mode, this state is maintained. On the other hand, if the double membrane 20 is in the solar shading mode, the control unit 250 operates the respective air blower / discharge device 120 and supplies air from the supply / discharge holes formed in the frame 14 to maintain the double membrane 20 in the insulated mode. Once the double membrane 20 is maintained in the insulated mode, the series of operations ends.

[0050] On the other hand, if the control unit 250 determines in step S1100 that the air conditioning equipment 130 is not operating and proceeds to step S1210, in step S1210 the control unit 250 obtains the measurement result from the outdoor thermometer 110 and determines whether the outdoor temperature is higher than the set room temperature. If the outdoor temperature is higher than the set room temperature, the process described above is carried out in step S1300. On the other hand, if the outdoor temperature is not higher than the set room temperature, the process described above is carried out in step S1400.

[0051] On the other hand, if the control unit 250 determines in step S1300 that the outside temperature is not higher than the set temperature + 4 [°C] and proceeds to step S1410, in step S1410 the control unit 250 sets the double membrane 20 to solar shading mode. Specifically, if the double membrane 20 is already in solar shading mode, this state is maintained. On the other hand, if the double membrane 20 is in insulating mode, the control unit 250 operates each of the air blower / discharge devices 120 and discharges air from the supply / discharge holes formed in the frame 14. The series of steps ends when the double membrane 20 is maintained in solar shading mode.

[0052] Once this sequence of steps is complete, the aforementioned steps are repeated after a predetermined time has elapsed. In other words, the aforementioned steps are performed at predetermined intervals.

[0053] [Analysis Specifications] In the double-layered membrane structure of Embodiment 2 shown in Figure 7(A), the inner membrane was made of white vinyl, and the outer membrane was made of a membrane with radiative cooling properties. Furthermore, as shown in the flow chart in Figure 9, the thermal insulation mode and solar shading mode were used interchangeably.

[0054] [Analysis results] As shown in the bar graph in Figure 8, the analysis results indicate that the annual heating and cooling load in Embodiment 2 is lower than that of Embodiment 1.

[0055] Figure 10 shows a graph for when the air conditioning setting temperature is 24°C. Specifically, the vertical axis of Figure 10 represents the cooling load for a double-layered membrane with an air layer minus the cooling load for a single-layered membrane without an air layer, and the horizontal axis represents the outside temperature (°C). The graph plots values ​​calculated at predetermined time intervals.

[0056] When the outside temperature is 28°C or higher (set temperature + 4°C), the cooling load for a double-layer membrane with an air layer is negative when compared to the cooling load for a single-layer membrane without an air layer. In other words, it has been shown that when the outside temperature is 28°C or higher (set temperature + 4°C), the cooling load for a double-layer membrane with an air layer is smaller. That is, in terms of cooling load, the higher the outside temperature, the more advantageous a double-layer membrane with an air layer becomes.

[0057] (summary) As explained above, when the outside temperature is 28°C or higher, which is the set temperature + 4°C, a double membrane with an air layer is advantageous for the cooling load. In the second embodiment, when the outside temperature is 28°C or higher, which is the set temperature + 4°C, an insulated mode with a double membrane having an air layer is used. As a result, as shown in the graph in Figure 8, the annual heating and cooling load of Embodiment 2 is lower than that of Embodiment 1.

[0058] Although this disclosure has described specific embodiments in detail, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this disclosure is not limited to these embodiments, and that various other embodiments are possible within the scope of this disclosure. For example, although the above embodiments did not describe beams extending horizontally in the building exterior 10, beams may be provided as appropriate.

[0059] Furthermore, although the windows of the building exterior 10 were not described in the above embodiment, windows may be provided as appropriate. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0060] 10. Building exterior 24 Intima 26 Adventitia 28 Air layer 100 Membrane Structure Buildings 120 Air discharge device 200 Membrane Structure Buildings

Claims

1. A double membrane comprising an inner membrane and an outer membrane having a radiative cooling function, which constitutes the exterior of the building. A blower / discharge device that switches between an insulating mode in which air is blown into the double membrane to form an air layer between the inner membrane and the outer membrane, and a solar radiation shielding mode in which air is discharged from the double membrane to bring the inner membrane and the outer membrane into contact, A membrane structure building equipped with these features.

2. The aforementioned air blower / discharge device, In the aforementioned adiabatic mode, the air pressure between the double membrane is made higher than that inside the room. In the aforementioned solar radiation shielding mode, the air pressure between the double membrane is made lower than that inside the room. A membrane structure building according to claim 1.

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