Photoelectric conversion elements, photoelectric conversion devices, mobile bodies, and building materials

Abstract

The present invention provides a photoelectric conversion element that exhibits excellent initial photoelectric conversion efficiency and maintains excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency even after prolonged use. [Solution] A photoelectric conversion element having a first electrode, a second electrode, and a photoelectric conversion layer containing a perovskite crystal disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. A first charge transport layer is provided between the photoelectric conversion layer and the first electrode, and a second charge transport layer is provided between the first charge transport layer and the first electrode. The second charge transport layer contains a charge transport material and silver, and the first charge transport layer contains a cyclic conjugated compound in which a plurality of pyrrole rings having axial ligands are conjugated together.

Claims

1. A photoelectric conversion element having a first electrode, a second electrode, and a photoelectric conversion layer containing a perovskite crystal disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, The photoelectric conversion element has a first charge transport layer between the photoelectric conversion layer and the first electrode. A second charge transport layer is provided between the first charge transport layer and the first electrode. The second charge transport layer contains a charge transport material and silver, A photoelectric conversion element characterized in that the first charge transport layer contains a cyclic conjugated compound in which a plurality of pyrrole rings having axial ligands are conjugated together.

2. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 1, wherein the cyclic conjugated compound formed by the conjugation of a plurality of pyrrole rings having the axial ligand is a phthalocyanine compound.

3. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 1, wherein the axial ligand is at least one selected from a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a carboxyl group, an alkoxy group, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, an amino group, and an oxygen atom.

4. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 2, wherein the axial ligand is one in the molecule of the phthalocyanine compound.

5. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 1, wherein the axial ligand is at least one selected from the group consisting of OH, Cl, and O.

6. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 2, wherein the phthalocyanine compound is a hydroxygallium phthalocyanine compound.

7. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 2, wherein the first charge transport layer comprises a calixarene compound.

8. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 7, wherein the calixarene compound is represented by the following formula (A). 【Chemistry 1】 (In the above formula (A), R ３１ ~R ３５ R is independent within each repeating unit and independently for each of the n repeating units. ３１ R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group. ３２ R represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group. ３３ ~R ３５ This represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted -Y-Ar group, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group. R ３３ ~R ３５ At least one of these is a substituted -Y-Ar group. The -Y- represents -CH=N-, -CH=CH-, or -N=N-, and the Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group. n is an integer between 3 and 20.

9. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 8, wherein n is 4 or 8.

10. The above-mentioned R ３４ The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 8, wherein R is independently a nitrophenylazo group or a dinitrophenylazo group for each of n repeating units.

11. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 7, wherein the molecular weight of the calixarene compound is 10,000 or less.

12. The photoelectric conversion element according to any one of claims 7 to 11, wherein the calixarene compound is a mixture of the compound represented by the following formula (C-1), the compound represented by the following formula (C-2), the compound represented by the following formula (C-3), and the compound represented by the following formula (C-4). 【Chemistry 2】 【Transformation 3】 【Chemistry 4】 【Transformation 5】

13. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 7, wherein the ratio of the mass of the calixarene compound to the mass of the phthalocyanine compound in the first charge transport layer is 0.002 times or more and 0.8 times or less.

14. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 1, wherein the first charge transport layer contains a compound that improves current density.

15. The photoelectric element according to claim 1, wherein the first charge transport layer comprises an insulating resin.

16. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 1, further comprising a surface modification layer between the second charge transport layer and the first electrode.

17. The ratio of the mass concentration of silver in the second charge transport layer to the mass concentration of the phthalocyanine compound in the first charge transport layer is 0.4 × 10⁻⁶. －５ The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 2, wherein the conversion ratio is more than double and less than or equal to 17 times.

18. The ratio of the mass concentration of silver in the second charge transport layer to the mass concentration of the calixarene compound in the first charge transport layer is 0.9 × 10⁻⁶. －４ The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 7, wherein the ratio is more than two times and less than or equal to 8333 times.

19. A photoelectric conversion device having a photoelectric conversion element according to any one of claims 1 to 18.

20. A mobile body having a photoelectric conversion element according to any one of claims 1 to 18.

21. A building material having a photoelectric conversion element according to any one of claims 1 to 18.

22. A photoelectric conversion element having a first electrode, a second electrode, and a photoelectric conversion layer containing a perovskite crystal disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, The photoelectric conversion element has a charge transport layer between the photoelectric conversion layer and the first electrode. The region of the charge transport layer on the first electrode side contains a charge transport material and silver, A photoelectric conversion element characterized in that the region of the charge transport layer on the photoelectric conversion layer side contains a cyclic conjugated compound in which a plurality of pyrrole rings having axial ligands are conjugated together.

Images