Automated assembly of exterior vehicle parts using global datums

Abstract

The vehicle assembly process is streamlined, quality is improved, and production speed is increased by reducing manual labor and the potential for errors. [Solution] An automated assembly cell equipped with fasteners corresponding to exterior vehicle parts (104) is used, referencing a global datum for precise alignment. The exterior vehicle parts (104) are secured to the fasteners using vacuum clamps or other means, and structural adhesive (210) is applied to either the parts or the part receiving positions on the vehicle assembly structure. The parts are then moved to their nominal positions relative to the global datum, thereby compressing the adhesive (210) and completing the installation. This method improves assembly efficiency by compensating for irregularities in the foundation structure with a designed adhesive gap and allows for continuous assembly during adhesive curing by tacking action.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to automated assembly techniques, and more particularly, to the automated attachment and alignment of exterior vehicle parts and components using adhesives and datum reference systems within a manufacturing process.

Background Art

[0002] Conventional vehicle assembly methods often involve constructing the vehicle body by welding stamped panels. After the body is constructed, it is carried through various systems such as e-coat and painting systems to provide corrosion resistance and a desired aesthetic finish. The painted body is then moved to a general assembly (GA) factory where interior and exterior components are assembled. This process can be inefficient in terms of material handling and transportation because the entire weight and footprint of the vehicle must be moved to assemble small components. Additionally, this method can limit the ability to automate many manufacturing processes because it is difficult and costly to place assemblies at the full vehicle level to obtain data.

[0003] The assembly of exterior components has conventionally involved a series of manual and semi-automatic processes. These processes often require the accurate alignment and attachment of panels and parts to the vehicle's frame to ensure proper fit, finish, and functionality. The complexity of these operations can lead to challenges in maintaining consistent quality and efficiency throughout the production line. Manufacturers have explored various ways to streamline these operations in order to reduce the time and labor associated with vehicle assembly while maintaining high standards of quality and craftsmanship.

[0004] The integration of automation into assembly lines has been an industry focus in an attempt to increase production speed and reduce the potential for human error. Despite advances in automation technology, the assembly of exterior components remains an area with inherent challenges stemming from the variety of materials used, the need for precise alignment, and the requirement for durable and reliable mounting methods that can withstand the rigors of vehicle operation.

[0005] One of the significant problems associated with conventional assembly methods is the potential for compound errors. As each component is added to the vehicle, slight misalignments or variations can accumulate, leading to larger discrepancies as the assembly process continues. This can be particularly problematic when it comes to ensuring uniform gaps and flushness between exterior panels, which is important for both aesthetic and aerodynamic performance. [Overview of the Initiative]

[0006] In attempting to address at least some of the challenges described above, examples of this disclosure utilize a global datum within an automated assembly cell. In some examples, the global datum is singular or unique. This singular global datum serves as a universal reference point for the positioning and placement of all exterior components. By using this method, each exterior panel is calibrated to a single datum, ensuring that all components are positioned in their nominal location relative to their adjacent components. In some examples, this technique effectively isolates the assembly process and allows for precise placement of exterior components without being affected by the tolerances of the underlying structure. The global datum ensures that the external mating is consistently accurate and reduces the potential for error accumulation throughout the assembly process. The use of a global datum also facilitates the automation of the assembly process, leading to improved efficiency and repeatability, as the robotic system can refer to this single point for all movements.

[0007] Therefore, some examples aim to improve the way exterior components are assembled during the manufacturing process. This technology addresses the challenge of aligning and fitting parts such as doors, panels, and trim with high precision and consistency. Some examples aim to streamline the vehicle assembly process, improve the quality of the final product, and increase the efficiency of the production line.

[0008] In the example described, the modular vehicle architecture allows the vehicle to be assembled in sections, which are then joined together in a final assembly operation. This approach eliminates the traditional need to weld punched panels and apply secondary coatings or paints at the complete vehicle assembly level. Instead, the vehicle can consist of parts with pre-applied metal surface treatments such as e-coatings and paints.

[0009] Several described examples utilize automated assembly cells where each component to be installed has a corresponding fastener. These fasteners are designed to hold the components in place, typically using vacuum clamps and / or other clamping means, while the structural adhesive is being applied. The components are then moved to their nominal positions (described further below), the structural adhesive is compressed, and the installation of the exterior components is completed. This method can help ensure that the exterior components are correctly aligned and securely mounted.

[0010] One component of this technology is the use of a single global datum within an automated assembly cell. This global datum acts as a universal reference point for all parts, ensuring that each part is positioned correctly relative to the others. The exemplary system aims to enable the assembly of a vehicle with parts that fit together well every time, regardless of irregularities or variations in the base structure.

[0011] The disclosed example also incorporates a designed adhesive gap that can compensate for irregularities in the substructure, effectively separating the tolerances of the substructure from the installed part location. This adhesive gap provides flexibility between bonded parts with high repeatability, accommodating different heating or material properties without the need for additional components.

[0012] In some cases, different structural adhesive chemicals can be used to adjust the time it takes for the adhesive to set, or the time it takes to complete the assembly process, and the final mechanical properties of the adhesive. Furthermore, tack solutions can be used simultaneously with structural adhesives to enable immediate, continuous assembly while the main adhesive is curing. Examples of tack solutions include self-piercing datums and fast-curing hot-melt adhesives.

[0013] In some examples, self-piercing datums utilize raised datum pins that can be pressed into a piercing medium, such as a suitable foam or other substrate, during installation to secure the exterior component in place before the structural adhesive hardens. In some examples, these datum pins have additional profile features to ensure secure retention. The datum pins may also be heated before installation to broaden the range of applicable substrate materials.

[0014] In some cases, hot-melt adhesives are applied locally, either simultaneously with or rapidly and continuously after the main adhesive. They cool faster than the main adhesive hardens, allowing for an acceleration of the cycle time. This means that the next vehicle can move through the assembly cell more quickly (shorter cycle time), thereby increasing the overall production speed.

[0015] This technology allows for the automation of additional part installation without the need to dimensionally evaluate each vehicle, due to the tight tolerances required for exterior vehicle components such as body panels. These repeatable, tight tolerances can further enhance the efficiency of the vehicle assembly process.

[0016] Some examples also address maintainability issues. By using adhesives and fasteners to attach exterior components, the need for conventional fasteners and clips is reduced or eliminated. This simplifies the repair or replacement process of components by reducing the number of components that need to be removed and reinstalled.

[0017] In summary, the described example aims to provide a method for assembling exterior vehicle components that is more efficient than conventional methods and produces higher quality products. By using an automated assembly cell with a global datum and advanced bonding technology, this method aims to enable accurate and consistent placement of parts, reduce the possibility of errors, and improve the overall efficiency of the vehicle assembly process. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0018] Throughout the drawings, reference numbers may be reused to indicate correspondences between the referenced elements. The drawings are provided to illustrate examples of the subject matter described herein and are not intended to limit its scope.

[0019] [Figure 1] Several examples illustrate exemplary vehicle assembly structures and related components.

[0020] [Figure 2] The present invention provides diagrams illustrating exemplary components of a system for attaching exterior vehicle components to a vehicle assembly structure, including fasteners corresponding to the exterior vehicle components, with several examples.

[0021] [Figure 3A] Several conventional examples illustrate some disadvantages and / or complexities of conventional exterior vehicle component assembly techniques.

[0022] [Figure 3B]Aspects (for comparison) of a simplified process for adhering exterior vehicle parts to a vehicle assembly structure using an automated assembly cell and a structural adhesive, according to some current examples, are shown.

[0023] [Figure 4A] Some examples are shown of a vehicle that is nearly complete, excluding the exterior panels, and a vehicle assembly structure that is ready to receive the exterior vehicle parts.

[0024] [Figure 4B] Some examples are shown of an automated assembly cell having an array of exterior vehicle parts and vehicle glass positioned adjacent to a robot, having a global datum for alignment.

[0025] [Figure 4C] Some examples are shown of the movement of the exterior vehicle parts to their respective nominal positions referenced to the global datum, and compressing the structural adhesive to adhere the parts to the vehicle assembly structure.

[0026] [Figure 4D-E] Figure 4D shows a vehicle having assembled exterior vehicle parts exiting the automated assembly cell, according to some examples.

[0027] Figure 4E shows a process for making electrical connections to the exterior and applying trim closures, according to some examples.

[0028] [Figure 4F] Some examples are shown of the application of an aeroshield to complete the assembly stage of the vehicle.

[0029] [Figure 5A] A diagram representing a series of automated assembly cells within a vehicle assembly line, detailing exemplary stages of pre-assembly, installation of exterior vehicle parts, and installation of downstream exterior vehicle parts, according to some examples. [Figure 5B]This diagram illustrates a series of automated assembly cells within a vehicle assembly line, detailing exemplary stages of pre-assembly, installation of exterior vehicle components, and installation of downstream exterior vehicle components. [Figure 5C] This diagram illustrates a series of automated assembly cells within a vehicle assembly line, detailing exemplary stages of pre-assembly, installation of exterior vehicle components, and installation of downstream exterior vehicle components.

[0030] [Figure 6] This example illustrates the stress and displacement of exterior vehicle components, specifically plastic door panels, when bonded to an aluminum frame using urethane structural adhesives of varying thicknesses.

[0031] [Figure 7A-E] This document illustrates exemplary tacking operations in the assembly process, including the use of datum pins and tacking applicators to secure exterior vehicle components to their nominal positions before the structural adhesive has cured, using several examples.

[0032] [Figure 8A] Several examples illustrate various diagrams of datum pins, including the morphology of raised datum pins. [Figure 8B] Several examples illustrate various diagrams of datum pins, including the morphology of raised datum pins. [Figure 8C] Several examples illustrate various diagrams of datum pins, including the morphology of raised datum pins.

[0033] [Figure 9] The following examples illustrate further exemplary tacking operations in the assembly process, including the use of datum pins to secure exterior vehicle components to their nominal positions before structural adhesives have cured.

[0034] [Figure 10A]Several examples illustrate the various stages of a framing station for an automated assembly cell, including the application of structural adhesives, the assembly of exterior vehicle components, and the clipping of interlock panels. [Figure 10B] Several examples illustrate the various stages of a framing station for an automated assembly cell, including the application of structural adhesives, the assembly of exterior vehicle components, and the clipping of interlock panels. [Figure 10C] Several examples illustrate the various stages of a framing station for an automated assembly cell, including the application of structural adhesives, the assembly of exterior vehicle components, and the clipping of interlock panels. [Figure 10D] Several examples illustrate the various stages of a framing station for an automated assembly cell, including the application of structural adhesives, the assembly of exterior vehicle components, and the clipping of interlock panels.

[0035] [Figure 11] A comparison table is provided showing comparative values ​​and specifications of the disclosed method for attaching exterior vehicle components to a vehicle assembly structure and conventional methods, using several examples. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0036] Some examples provide an automated vehicle exterior mounting system in which multiple exterior vehicle components, such as panels and glass, are positioned and installed within a vehicle assembly structure with reference to a single or unique global datum. Each component to be installed has a corresponding fastener within the automated assembly cell. The components are secured to their respective fasteners by vacuum clamps and / or other clamping means.

[0037] Structural adhesive is distributed to either the clamped part or the part receiving location or area on the vehicle assembly structure. Referring to the global datum, the part is moved to its respective nominal position, compressing the structural adhesive to bond the part to the vehicle assembly structure and completing the part's installation. In some examples, the term “nominal position” refers to the intended or designed location of a part within a larger assembly or system. In a manufacturing and engineering context, this is the precise location where a component should be positioned according to design specifications. This position is determined by the design of the product (e.g., a vehicle) and is used as a reference point evaluated against the global datum during the assembly process to ensure that each part is properly installed.

[0038] In some cases, when a part is in its nominal position, it means that it is precisely aligned and oriented according to specifications (for example, as planned by the vehicle designer or engineer). This precise alignment helps ensure that the part functions as intended and that the entire assembly has the correct shape, fit, and function. Deviations from the nominal position can lead to problems such as improper fit, panel gaps, interference with other components, or reduced structural integrity, so it may be important to ensure a repeatable assembly of exterior vehicle parts in their nominal position in order to maintain the quality and performance of the finished vehicle.

[0039] In some cases, fabricated adhesive gaps compensate for irregularities in the foundation structure and decouple foundation structure tolerances from the installed part positions. This assembly structure allows for highly repeatable as-designed gaps and flush specifications for all parts. Furthermore, adhesive gaps provide flexibility between bonded parts, compensating for inherently different heating or material properties without additional components. Different primary adhesive chemical properties can be used to adjust cycle time and final mechanical properties.

[0040] Tack solutions can be used simultaneously with the application of the main adhesive to allow for immediate and continuous assembly while the main adhesive cures. Tack solutions can include self-piercing datums and hot-melt adhesives. In some examples, self-piercing datum pins include raised datum pins for pressing into the fitting foam or other substrate during installation to secure the part in its nominal position before the final adhesive cures. In some examples, the pins have additional profile features to ensure secure retention. Piercing pins may also be heated before installation to broaden the range of applicable substrate materials. In some examples, hot-melt adhesives are applied locally, either simultaneously with or rapidly and continuously in conjunction with the structural adhesive. Hot-melt adhesives cool faster than the main adhesive cures, allowing for accelerated cycle times.

[0041] Additional components can be connected to downstream auto-bonding panels. Due to the tight tolerances of such panels, the installation of additional components can be automated without the need to dimensionally evaluate each vehicle.

[0042] Figure 1 shows a pictorial illustration of an exemplary vehicle assembly structure 102. The vehicle assembly structure 102 may include one or more body frames 214, for example, the inside of a door or the inside of a hood. Further examples of body frames 214 that form part of the vehicle assembly structure 102 are provided below. According to some examples described herein, one or more body frames 214 may be pre-assembled to the vehicle assembly structure 102. In some examples, one or more exterior vehicle components 104 are assembled to the vehicle assembly structure 102, as will be further described below. Exemplary exterior vehicle components 104 may include, for example, a quarter panel 528 or glass 404. One or more exterior vehicle components 104 may be assembled to one or more body frames 214 of the vehicle assembly structure 102.

[0043] Figure 2 shows some exemplary components of a system for attaching exterior vehicle components to a vehicle assembly structure 216. The exemplary components include a fastener 202. The fastener 202 is molded and constructed (for example) as shown so that at least one surface or dimension of the exterior vehicle component is precisely corresponding to the exterior vehicle component, such as the exterior vehicle component 104 shown (here, an exterior door panel also known as a door outer). The exterior vehicle component 104 is attached to the main frame 214 of the vehicle assembly structure 102 (in this case, the door frame, also known as a door closure, or the inside of the door). In some examples, the main frame 214 is pre-assembled to the vehicle assembly structure 102.

[0044] The exterior vehicle components 104 are secured to their respective fasteners 202 using, for example, a vacuum clamp 208, or a mechanical clamp (not shown) attached to the end of a hydraulic ram, or other clamping means 206 such as a magnet on a robotic arm. Other methods and / or means for securing the exterior vehicle components 104 to the fasteners 202 are also possible. In some examples, each of the exterior vehicle components 104 of the vehicle 406 (e.g., Figure 4A below) may be provided with a respective fastener 202 of a shape and configuration that securely receives the associated exterior vehicle component 104 in an exemplary manner for attaching the exterior vehicle component to the vehicle assembly structure.

[0045] In some examples, the structural adhesive 210 is applied to the part receiving position 306 on the fixed exterior vehicle part 104 or fastener 202 (see, for example, Figure 3B below). The fixed exterior vehicle part 104 (door panel) can be moved by the positioning mechanism 212 to its respective nominal position (e.g., nominal position 204 positioned relative to the door panel as shown) relative to a single or specific global datum (see, for example, global datum 402 in Figure 4B) in order to compress the structural adhesive 210 and complete the installation of the exterior vehicle part 104 onto the vehicle assembly structure 102, or in this case onto the main frame 214 (door frame).

[0046] In some examples, the chemical properties of the structural adhesive 210 are selected to adjust the vehicle assembly takt time (the time required to complete the assembly stage in an automated assembly cell or to move between automated assembly cells), or to adjust the final mechanical properties or curing time of the adhesive bond between the exterior vehicle parts 104 and the vehicle assembly structure 102 or the main frame 214. In some examples, the structural adhesive 210 includes urethane or polyurethane material.

[0047] In some examples, an adhesive gap 222 is provided in the bonding path of the exterior vehicle component 104 to the main frame 214 to compensate for structural or other irregularities. Irregularities may exist in one or more locations of the entire assembly system (such as the system for attaching the exterior vehicle component to the vehicle assembly structure 216), and / or the exterior vehicle component (such as the exterior vehicle component 104), and / or the fasteners (such as the fasteners 202), and / or the base structure (such as the main frame 214) of the vehicle assembly structure (such as the vehicle assembly structure 102). In some examples, the adhesive gap 222 corresponds to a difference in thermal or material properties between the exterior vehicle component 104 and the fasteners 202, and / or between the bonded exterior vehicle component 104 and the vehicle assembly structure 102 or main frame 214. In some examples, as shown, for example, the adhesive gap 222 is provided adjacent to the nominal position 204 of the exterior vehicle component 104 and / or the main frame 214. Other locations of the adhesive gap 222 are also possible. In some examples, the adhesive gap 222 is located above or at least above the nominal position 204, or the nominal position 204 is included within the width of the adhesive gap 222 or the structural adhesive bead.

[0048] Accordingly, in a broader embodiment, a method for attaching exterior vehicle components to a vehicle assembly structure is provided. An exemplary method is to provide an automated assembly cell having one or more fasteners, each fastener corresponding to an exterior vehicle component, and including providing, referring to a global datum for aligning the exterior vehicle component within the automated assembly cell, securing the exterior vehicle component to the respective fastener using a vacuum clamp or other clamping means, applying a structural adhesive to the fixed exterior vehicle component or component receiving position on the vehicle assembly structure, and moving the fixed exterior vehicle component to its respective nominal position relative to the global datum to compress the structural adhesive and complete the installation of the exterior vehicle component to the vehicle assembly structure.

[0049] In some examples, the component receiving position is located within or on the main frame of the vehicle assembly structure. In some examples, exterior vehicle components are moved sequentially to their respective nominal positions relative to a global datum. In some examples, at least some of the exterior vehicle components are moved simultaneously or partially simultaneously to their respective nominal positions relative to a global datum. In some examples, each nominal position is or corresponds to the intended or final position of the exterior vehicle component within the vehicle assembly structure, as determined by the design specifications.

[0050] Some further examples include providing (or creating) adhesive gaps to compensate for irregularities in the base structure of exterior vehicle components, fasteners, or vehicle assembly structures. Some further examples include selecting the chemical properties of the structural adhesive to adjust the vehicle assembly cycle time or the final mechanical properties of the adhesive bond between the exterior vehicle components and the vehicle assembly structure or body frame. In some examples, the structural adhesive includes urethane or polyurethane. In some examples, the adhesive gap corresponds to a difference in thermal or material properties between the bonded exterior vehicle components and the vehicle assembly structure, or between the exterior vehicle components and the body frame. Other technical features may be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following drawings, description, and claims.

[0051] Figure 3A illustrates the specific challenges and / or complexities of conventional exterior vehicle component assembly techniques. For example, an exterior panel (such as side A) is supplied and enters a separate panel assembly line. The exterior panel typically requires one or more internal panel attachments to an interior panel. For this purpose, the interior panel is provided with a clipping mechanism. Panel-side clips and body-side clips (e.g., as shown) are required, and each clip must be installed separately in a laborious and / or time-intensive manner. The assembled interior and exterior panels are then attached to a body closure or frame, as shown. The assembly operation of these exterior components can involve many relatively complex steps.

[0052] Conversely, as roughly shown in Figure 3B, some exemplary methods of this disclosure include more efficient processes for assembling exterior vehicle components. In some examples, exterior vehicle components 104 are bonded to a vehicle assembly structure 102 or a main frame. The vehicle assembly structure 102 may include a pre-assembled main frame 214 to which the exterior vehicle components 104 are bonded. The operation of bonding the exterior vehicle components 104 to the vehicle assembly structure 102 (or main frame 214) may include dispensing structural adhesive 210 to the exterior vehicle components 104 at a component receiving position 306 or in an automated assembly cell 304 using a dispensing mechanism 302 (as shown).

[0053] In Figure 4A, a nearly complete vehicle 406 is shown, excluding the exterior panels. In this embodiment, the vehicle includes or is composed of a vehicle assembly structure 102. The vehicle assembly structure 102 may include one or more body frames 214, as shown. In some examples, as shown in Figure 4B, one or more body frames 214 are pre-assembled to the vehicle assembly structure 102 or form at least a portion of the vehicle assembly structure 102 before the vehicle assembly structure 102 moves to an exterior parts fixing station or an automated assembly cell 304.

[0054] In Figure 4B, an array of exterior vehicle components 104 and / or the window glass of the vehicle glass 404 are shown adjacent to the robot of the automated assembly cell 304 and within its reach. The automated assembly cell 304 includes a global datum 402 for aligning the exterior vehicle components 104 and / or the glass 404 within the automated assembly cell 304. The global datum 402 may be defined by the structure of the automated assembly cell 304, by a reference mechanism, or by a virtual point or structure relative to the automated assembly cell 304.

[0055] As described above, the structural adhesive 210 is distributed to either the vacuum-clamped exterior vehicle component 104 or to the component receiving position 306 or area on the vehicle assembly structure 102. Referring to the global datum 402 in Figure 4C, each exterior vehicle component 104 is moved to its respective nominal position in the manner described above, compressing the structural adhesive 210 to bond the exterior vehicle component 104 to the vehicle assembly structure 102 (or, in some examples, the main frame 214 or closure), thereby completing the installation of the component therein.

[0056] In some examples, the exterior vehicle components 104 are moved sequentially to their respective nominal positions relative to the global datum 402. In some examples, at least a portion of the exterior vehicle components 104 are moved simultaneously or partially simultaneously to their respective nominal positions relative to the global datum 402.

[0057] In some contexts, the term “nominal position” refers to the intended or designed location of a part within a larger assembly or system. In a manufacturing and engineering context, this is the precise location where a component should be positioned according to design specifications. This position is determined by the design of the product (e.g., a vehicle) and is used as a reference point to be evaluated against a global datum during the assembly process to ensure that each component is properly fitted. In some examples, when a component is in its nominal position, it means that it is precisely aligned and oriented according to specifications, as planned, for example, by the vehicle designer or engineer. This precise positioning helps ensure that the component functions as intended and that the entire assembly has the correct shape, fit, and function. Since deviations from this position can lead to problems such as improper fit, interference with other components, or reduced structural integrity, the nominal position can be critical to maintaining the quality and performance of the finished product.

[0058] In some examples, a machined adhesive gap (such as adhesive gap 222) is used in one or more of the partial fixing operations shown in Figure 4C. The machined adhesive gap compensates for irregularities in the base structure, thereby separating the base structure tolerances from the installed part positions. In some examples, this assembly structure allows for highly repeatable as-designed gap and flush specifications for all parts. Furthermore, the adhesive gap provides flexibility between bonded parts, compensating for inherently different heating or material properties without additional components. Different primary adhesive chemical properties can be used to adjust the cycle time and final mechanical properties.

[0059] In Figure 4D, the vehicle 406, including the vehicle assembly structure 102 to which the exterior vehicle parts 104 are attached, leaves the automated assembly cell 304. In Figure 4E, in some examples, one or more externally facing electrical connections 408 are formed and one or more trim closeouts are applied. In Figure 4F, in some examples, one or more aeroshields 410 are applied to complete the assembly (or at least the assembly stage) of the vehicle 406.

[0060] In Figures 5A to 5C, one or more automated assembly cells 304 can be provided in a vehicle assembly line that includes a system for attaching exterior vehicle components to a vehicle assembly structure 216. Figure 5A may include a pre-assembly stage that is performed manually within or outside the automated assembly cell 304, in which the exemplary body frame 214 is pre-assembled to the vehicle assembly structure 102. The exemplary body frame 214 may include one or more of the following: body frame 214 (such as door inners or door closures), wheel liners 518, hood inner 520, trunk inner 522, and front end carrier 524.

[0061] In Figure 5B, a further (or first) automated assembly cell 304 installs exterior vehicle components 104 onto one or more of the vehicle assembly structure 102, more specifically, the main frame 214 of the vehicle assembly structure 102. Exemplary exterior vehicle components 104 may include vehicle glass panels 404, quarter panels 528, rear fascia 530, shut face 532 (or door sill), cant rails 534, windshield 536, and roof 538.

[0062] In Figure 5C, a further (or second) automated assembly cell 304 installs further or downstream exterior vehicle components 104 onto the vehicle assembly structure 102 and / or its main frame 214. Exemplary downstream exterior vehicle components 104 may include one or more of the front fascia 540, hood outer 542, tailgate outer 544, door skin 546, and rocker 548.

[0063] In the post-assembly stage, one or more electrical wiring or harness connections (such as the externally facing electrical connection 408) can be made, wiper blades can be installed, and one or more aeroshields 410 can be fitted. Other post-assembly stages or operations are also possible.

[0064] Figure 6 shows an example of stress and displacement diagrams of an exterior vehicle component, in this case a plastic door panel, bonded to an aluminum frame (as an exemplary main frame 214 of the vehicle assembly structure 102) using various exemplary thicknesses of urethane structural adhesive 210. The door panel was bonded to the aluminum frame using fasteners and structural adhesive as further described above, using an automated assembly cell 304.

[0065] The structural adhesive 210 applied to bond the door panel to the aluminum frame was distributed at various test thicknesses of 2 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm, and 8 mm, resulting in exemplary door panel stresses (MPa) as shown in the respective stress value distribution chart 606, and displacements or deformations (mm) as shown in the respective displacement value distribution chart 614. The stress and displacement distribution values ​​are shown in the respective stress scoring bars 610 and displacement scoring bars 612.

[0066] When using the method of this disclosure, it can be seen that the displacement (or deformation) of the door panel (as an exemplary exterior vehicle component 104) when assembled to the aluminum frame (as an exemplary part of the vehicle assembly structure 102) is almost imperceptible. The stress applied is relatively gentle. This absence of deformation and stress can be a significant factor in promoting consistent and repeatable accuracy in the placement of panels and exterior vehicle components on the vehicle.

[0067] Figures 7A–7E illustrate exemplary tacking operations in the assembly process, including the use of datum pins and tacking applicators to secure exterior vehicle components to their nominal positions before the structural adhesive has cured, in several examples.

[0068] Examples of tack solutions include self-piercing datums and / or fast-curing hot-melt adhesives. In some examples, self-piercing datums use raised datum pins that can be pressed into a piercing medium, such as a suitable foam or other substrate, during installation to secure the exterior component in place before the structural adhesive cures. In some examples, these datum pins have additional profile features to ensure secure retention. The datum pins may also be heated before installation to broaden the range of applicable substrate materials.

[0069] As shown in Figures 7A to 7E, one or more datum pins 704 are provided at fixed positions on the main frame 214, such as on a door inner or door closure. For example, the datum pins 704 may be provided in the form of raised datum pins 710, as can be seen more clearly in the enlarged views of Figures 8A to 8C. Other types of datum pins are also possible, such as the self-piercing datum pin 902 shown in Figure 9. The raised datum pins 710 and / or self-piercing datum pins 902 on the main frame 214 can engage with exterior vehicle parts 104, and vice versa. In some examples, the raised datum pins 710 and / or self-piercing datum pins 902 provided on the main frame 214 may be received by a piercing medium 714 provided on the exterior vehicle part 104 (e.g., a door panel in Figure 7A) to allow for the continuous assembly of the vehicle assembly structure until the structural adhesive hardens. Other tacking configurations are also possible. In some cases, the tacking operation involves applying one or more datum pins to an exterior vehicle component or vehicle assembly structure to secure the tacking of the exterior vehicle component in its nominal position before the structural adhesive has cured.

[0070] As shown in Figure 9, to enable continuous assembly of the vehicle assembly structure 102 until the structural adhesive hardens, one or more self-piercing datum pins 902 provided in the door inner (as an exemplary body frame 214) by a tack applicator are each received by a corresponding piercing medium 714, such as a suitable foam, provided in the door outer (as an exemplary exterior vehicle part 104). By enabling continuous assembly of the vehicle assembly structure 102 until the structural adhesive hardens, the cycle time of the vehicle assembly structure 102 moving, for example, within an automated assembly cell 304 in a vehicle assembly line or between adjacent automated assembly cells 304 can be reduced.

[0071] As a further example, in Figure 10A, a partially assembled vehicle 1002 (including the vehicle assembly structure 102) enters the framing station of the automated assembly cell 304 and is supported from below by a datum structure. One of the datums includes a global datum, e.g., a singular or reference global datum 402 of the type described above.

[0072] In Figure 10B, one or more arms of the robot 1004 apply urethane as structural adhesive 210, as needed, to one or more exterior vehicle components 104, such as the illustrated vehicle glass 404. In Figure 10C, further exterior vehicle components 104 are assembled (bonded) to the vehicle assembly structure 102 of the vehicle 1002 using one or more respective fasteners 202 and structural adhesive 210, as described above. In some examples, the exterior vehicle components 104 are positioned in nominal locations using self-piercing datums.

[0073] In some examples, the structural adhesive 210 includes Betaseal 15709. An example of application of structural adhesive 210 is approximately 80 g / m in a bead of 8 mm to 16 mm. In some examples, up to 60 meters (total length or perimeter) of structural adhesive 210 is applied to one or more exterior vehicle parts 104, which corresponds to approximately 4.8 kg of structural adhesive 210.

[0074] In Figure 10D, in some examples, before leaving the framing station of the automated assembly cell 304, the interlock panels between the assembled exterior vehicle parts 104 are clipped together, as shown by the clipping 1014.

[0075] Figure 11 shows Comparison Table 1102, which provides comparative values ​​and specifications of an exemplary method for attaching exterior vehicle components to a vehicle assembly structure of this disclosure, compared to other conventional methods referenced in Comparison Table 1102.

[0076] In some cases, automated exterior component assembly systems with fasteners enhance maintainability by reducing the number of parts and fasteners required for exterior panel installation. This simplification of the assembly process not only reduces labor costs but also simplifies vehicle maintenance because fewer components need to be removed and reinstalled. Furthermore, the system offers improvements in noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) by eliminating individual joining parts such as clips, pins, and fasteners. This can result in a quieter and more comfortable ride for occupants.

[0077] Several examples in this specification are highly compatible with automation, enabling the automation of the exterior assembly process. This compatibility with automation technology contributes to a reduction in cycle time and labor requirements, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the vehicle assembly process. In some examples, the system also maintains or improves the craftsmanship of the finished product, as it enables a repeatable arrangement of the exterior, thus ensuring that each vehicle meets high-quality standards.

[0078] In some cases, the disclosed technology can find utility beyond the field of automotive assembly, extending its applicability to the assembly of various subsystems within the automotive industry, as well as to other products requiring assembly processes. A notable advantage of the disclosed technology is the potential to achieve a significant, if not complete, reduction in the number of components typically used in exterior panel fasteners and clip parts. This reduction represents a significant step toward achieving full exterior automation, which can contribute to a decrease in both cycle time and the labor required for assembly.

[0079] For illustrative purposes, consider the assembly of a Cybertruck roof appliqué that conventionally utilizes five mounting brackets, each comprising three components. These fastening components account for substantially 65% ​​of the total number of components in this particular assembly. By implementing the disclosed technology and eliminating the fastening mechanisms, the total number of components can be dramatically reduced from 23 to just 8.

[0080] The competitive advantages offered by some examples of the disclosed technology can be multifaceted. Firstly, the automated exterior architecture with fasteners ensures that exterior components are positioned in their nominal locations in each assembly cycle. This precision facilitates the achievement of tighter gap and flush targets and paves the way for the elimination of the need for re-equipping at the end of the line. Secondly, the technology reduces both the number of parts and associated costs by eliminating the need for individual joining parts such as clips, pins, and fasteners. Thirdly, improved NVH and reliability are achieved by the elimination of these separate joining parts. Finally, the automated exterior installation system significantly accelerates the takt time between vehicles and improves overall production efficiency compared to conventional manual assembly lines.

[0081] Examples

[0082] Therefore, some embodiments may include one or more of the following examples.

[0083] Example 1 A method for attaching exterior vehicle components to a vehicle assembly structure, comprising: providing an automated assembly cell having one or more fasteners, each fastener corresponding to an exterior vehicle component; referring to a global datum for aligning the exterior vehicle components within the automated assembly cell; securing the exterior vehicle components to their respective fasteners using vacuum clamps or other clamping means; applying structural adhesive to the fixed exterior vehicle components or component receiving positions on the vehicle assembly structure; moving the fixed exterior vehicle components to their respective nominal positions relative to the global datum to compress the structural adhesive and complete the installation of the exterior vehicle components to the vehicle assembly structure.

[0084] Example 2: The component receiving position is included in the main frame of the vehicle assembly structure, as described in Example 1.

[0085] Example 3: The method according to Example 1 or 2, wherein exterior vehicle components are continuously moved to their respective nominal positions relative to a global datum.

[0086] Example 4 The method according to either Example 1 or 2, wherein at least a portion of the exterior vehicle components are simultaneously moved to their respective nominal positions relative to a global datum.

[0087] Example 5 The method according to any one of Examples 1 to 4, wherein each nominal position is the intended or final position of an exterior vehicle component within a vehicle assembly structure determined by the design specifications, or corresponds thereto.

[0088] Example 6 The method according to any one of Examples 1 to 5, further comprising providing an adhesive gap to compensate for irregularities in the base structure of exterior vehicle parts, fasteners, or vehicle assembly structures.

[0089] Example 7: The method according to Example 6, wherein the adhesive gap corresponds to the difference in thermal or material properties between the bonded exterior vehicle parts and the vehicle assembly structure.

[0090] Example 8 The method according to any one of Examples 1 to 7, further comprising selecting the chemical properties of a structural adhesive to adjust the vehicle assembly takt time or the final mechanical properties of the adhesive bond between exterior vehicle components and the vehicle assembly structure.

[0091] Example 9 The structural adhesive is a method according to any one of Examples 1 to 8, wherein the structural adhesive comprises polyurethane.

[0092] Example 10 The method according to any one of Examples 1 to 9, further comprising performing a tacking operation simultaneously with the application of a structural adhesive to allow for the continuous assembly of the vehicle assembly structure until the structural adhesive has cured.

[0093] Example 11 The method according to Example 10, wherein the tacking operation includes applying one or more datum pins to an exterior vehicle component or vehicle assembly structure to secure the tucked exterior vehicle component in its nominal position before the structural adhesive has cured.

[0094] Example 12 The method according to Example 11 or 12, wherein one or more datum pins include self-piercing datum pins.

[0095] Example 13 The method according to Example 11 or 12, wherein one or more datum pins are raised datum pins for insertion into a puncture medium or other substrate to secure a tacked exterior vehicle part in its nominal position before the structural adhesive cures.

[0096] Example 14 The method according to any one of Examples 11 to 13, wherein one or more datum pins are heated before installation.

[0097] Example 15 The method according to any one of Examples 10 to 14, further comprising a hot melt adhesive applied simultaneously with or in succession to the structural adhesive.

[0098] Example 16: The method of Example 15, in which a hot melt adhesive cures faster than a structural adhesive, facilitating acceleration of the cycle time.

[0099] Example 17 The method according to any one of Examples 1 to 16, further comprising connecting additional exterior vehicle components to the vehicle assembly structure downstream of the assembly line in order to further complete the assembly of the vehicle.

[0100] Example 18: The method of Example 17 for connecting additional exterior vehicle parts to the vehicle assembly structure, without dimensional evaluation of the assembled vehicle.

[0101] Example 19 A system for attaching exterior vehicle components to a vehicle assembly structure, comprising: an automatic assembly cell having a separate fastener for each exterior vehicle component; a global datum for aligning the exterior vehicle components within the automatic assembly cell; a fixing mechanism for holding the exterior vehicle components to their respective fasteners using vacuum clamps or other clamping means; a distribution mechanism for applying structural adhesive to the clamped exterior vehicle components or component receiving positions on the vehicle assembly structure; and a positioning mechanism for moving the clamped exterior vehicle components to a nominal position relative to the global datum, compressing the structural adhesive, and completing the installation of the clamped exterior vehicle components to the vehicle assembly structure.

[0102] Example 20: The system according to Example 19, wherein a clamped exterior vehicle component is continuously moved to a nominal position relative to a global datum.

[0103] Example 21: The system according to Example 19, wherein a clamped exterior vehicle part is moved to a nominal position simultaneously with another exterior vehicle part.

[0104] Example 22 The nominal position is the intended or final position of an exterior vehicle component within a vehicle assembly structure determined by the design specifications, or a corresponding system as described in any one of Examples 19 to 21.

[0105] Example 23 The system according to any one of Examples 19 to 22, configured to provide an adhesive gap to compensate for irregularities in the base structure of exterior vehicle parts, fasteners, or vehicle assembly structures.

[0106] Example 24: The system described in Example 23, wherein the adhesive gap corresponds to the difference in thermal or material properties between the bonded exterior vehicle parts and the vehicle assembly structure.

[0107] Example 25 The system according to any one of Examples 19 to 24, further comprising a tacking applicator for performing a tacking operation simultaneously with the application of structural adhesive, in order to enable the continuous assembly of the vehicle assembly structure until the structural adhesive hardens.

[0108] Example 26 The system according to Example 25, wherein the tacking applicator is further configured to apply one or more self-piercing datums or hot-melt adhesives to one or more exterior vehicle parts.

[0109] In some examples, methods are provided for assembling exterior vehicle components to a vehicle assembly structure, which include separating panel gaps from body or closure assembly tolerances by utilizing adhesive gaps designed to absorb tolerance discrepancies between exterior vehicle components and the base structure, and compensating for differences in the coefficient of thermal expansion (ΔCTE) between exterior vehicle components and the base structure to maintain component integrity and adapt to various temperature conditions.

[0110] In some examples, a vehicle assembly system includes means for improving maintainability by reducing the number of individual joints required to attach exterior vehicle components, thereby simplifying the assembly and maintenance processes, and means for improving the NVH characteristics of the vehicle by eliminating individual joints.

[0111] In some examples, methods are provided for assembling exterior vehicle components to a vehicle assembly structure, which include implementing an assembly process that is compatible with automated technology to reduce cycle time and labor requirements, and ensuring a repeatable arrangement of the exterior to maintain or improve the craftsmanship of the finished product.

[0112] It should be noted that the above descriptions and figures, along with the examples described herein, merely illustrate the principles of this subject matter and should not be construed as limiting the subject matter. Therefore, it should be understood that various configurations embodying the principles of this subject matter may be devised, even if not expressly described or shown herein. Furthermore, all descriptions herein listing the principles, embodiments, and implementations of this subject matter, as well as specific examples thereof, are intended to encompass their equivalents.

[0113] It should be understood that not all objectives or benefits will necessarily be achieved by following any specific example described herein. Therefore, for example, a person skilled in the art will recognize that some examples may be manipulated to achieve or optimize one benefit or set of benefits taught herein, without necessarily achieving other objectives or benefits that may be taught or suggested herein.

[0114] All processes described herein can be fully automated by being implemented in software code modules executed by a computing system including a computer or processor. The code modules may be stored in any type of non-temporary computer-readable medium or other computer storage device. Some or all of the methods may be implemented in dedicated computer hardware.

[0115] Many other variations not described herein will be apparent from this disclosure. For example, depending on the embodiment, any particular operation, event, or function of any of the algorithms described herein may be executed in a different order, and may be added, merged, or completely excluded (e.g., not all described actions or events are necessary for the implementation of the algorithm). Furthermore, in some examples, the operations or events may be executed not sequentially, but concurrently, for example, through multithreading, interrupt handling, or via multiple processors or processor cores, or on other parallel architectures. In addition, different tasks or processes may be executed by different machines and / or computing systems that can work together.

[0116] The various exemplary logic blocks and modules described in relation to the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented or executed by machines such as processing units or processors, digital signal processors ("DSPs"), application-specific integrated circuits ("ASICs"), field-programmable gate arrays ("FPGAs") or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof, designed to perform the functions described herein. The processor may be a microprocessor, but in alternative examples, the processor may be a controller, microcontroller, or state machine, or a combination thereof. The processor may include electrical circuits for processing computer-executable instructions. In some embodiments, the processor includes an FPGA or other programmable device that performs logical operations without processing computer-executable instructions. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, a microprocessor combined with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0117] While this specification primarily describes digital technologies, processors may also include primarily analog components. Computing environments may include, but are not limited to, any type of computer system based on a microprocessor, mainframe computer, digital signal processor, portable computing device, device controller, or in-device computing engine. Elements of methods, processes, routines, or algorithms described in relation to embodiments disclosed herein can be directly embodied in hardware, software modules executed by a processor device, or a combination of the two. Software modules may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disks, removable disks, CD-ROMs, or any other form of non-temporary computer-readable storage medium. Exemplary storage media may be coupled to a processor device so that the processor device can read information from and write information to the storage medium. Alternatively, the storage medium may be integrated with the processor device. Processor devices and storage media may reside within an ASIC. ASICs may reside within a user terminal. Alternatively, processor devices and storage media may reside as separate components within a user terminal.

[0118] Processes described herein or shown in the figures of this disclosure can be initiated on demand when started by a user or system administrator in response to an event such as a predetermined or dynamically determined schedule, or in response to any other event. Once such a process is initiated, a set of executable program instructions stored in one or more non-temporary computer-readable media (e.g., hard drives, flash memory, removable media) can be loaded into the memory (e.g., RAM) of a server or other computing device. The executable instructions may then be executed by the hardware-based computer processor of the computing device. In some embodiments, such a process or part thereof can be implemented in series or in parallel on multiple computing devices and / or multiple processors.

[0119] The flowcharts described herein may show operations as sequential processes, but many operations can be performed in parallel or simultaneously. Furthermore, the order of operations may be rearranged. A process terminates when its operation is complete. A process can correspond to a method, procedure, algorithm, etc. The operation of a method may be performed in whole or in part, or in conjunction with some or all of the operations of other methods, and may be performed by any number of different systems, such as the systems described herein, or any part thereof, such as a processor, contained in any of the systems.

[0120] In particular, conditional language such as “can,” “could,” “might,” or “may” is generally understood in context to convey that some examples include certain features, elements, and / or processes, while others do not, unless otherwise specified. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements, and / or processes are in some way for the examples, or that these examples necessarily involve logic for determining whether these features, elements, and / or processes should be included in or performed in any particular example, with or without user input or prompting.

[0121] Disjunctive language, such as the phrase "at least one of X, Y, or Z," is generally understood in its context to indicate that an item, term, etc., can be X, Y, Z, or any combination thereof (e.g., X, Y, and / or Z), unless otherwise specified. Therefore, such disjunctive language should not, in general, imply that several examples require at least one X, at least one Y, or at least one Z to exist, respectively.

[0122] Any process description, element, or block in the flowcharts described herein and / or shown in the accompanying drawings should be understood as potentially representing a module, segment, or portion of code containing executable instructions for performing a particular logical function or element in the process. The examples described herein include alternative examples in which, depending on the function included, elements or functions may be omitted or executed in a different order than those shown or described, including substantially simultaneously or in reverse order, as will be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0123] It should be emphasized that many variations and modifications can be made to the above examples, and that these elements should be understood to be found in other acceptable examples. All such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of this disclosure.

[0124] Any process description, element, or block in the flowcharts described herein and / or shown in the accompanying drawings should be understood as potentially representing a module, segment, or portion of code containing executable instructions for performing a particular logical function or element in the process. The examples described herein include implementations in which, as understood by those skilled in the art, elements or functions may be omitted or executed in a different order than those shown or described, including substantially simultaneously or in reverse order, depending on the function included.

[0125] Unless otherwise specified, articles such as "a" or "an" should generally be interpreted as including one or more of the listed items. Therefore, phrases such as "devices configured as" are intended to include one or more of the enumerated devices. Such one or more enumerated devices can also be collectively configured to perform the stated enumeration. For example, "processors configured to perform enumerations A, B, and C" may include a first processor configured to perform enumeration A, which works in conjunction with a second processor configured to perform enumerations B and C.

[0126] It should be understood that, depending on the specific application, one or more of the elements shown in the drawings / figures may also be implemented in a more separated or integrated manner, or in certain cases may be removed or depicted as non-functional.

Claims

1. A method for attaching exterior vehicle components to a vehicle assembly structure, A step of providing an automated assembly cell having one or more fasteners, wherein each fastener corresponds to an exterior vehicle part, The steps include referring to a global datum for aligning the exterior vehicle parts within the automated assembly cell, The steps include securing exterior vehicle parts to their respective fasteners using vacuum clamps or other clamping means, The steps include applying a structural adhesive to a fixed exterior vehicle part or to a part receiving position on the vehicle assembly structure, The steps include moving the fixed exterior vehicle parts to their respective nominal positions relative to the global datum, compressing the structural adhesive, and completing the installation of the exterior vehicle parts to the vehicle assembly structure, Methods that include...

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the component receiving position is included in the main frame of the vehicle assembly structure.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the exterior vehicle component is continuously moved to its respective nominal position relative to the global datum.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the exterior vehicle components are simultaneously moved to their respective nominal positions relative to the global datum.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein each of the aforementioned nominal positions is the intended or final position of the exterior vehicle component within the vehicle assembly structure determined by the design specifications, or corresponds thereto.

6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of providing an adhesive gap to compensate for irregularities in exterior vehicle parts, fasteners, or the basic structure of the vehicle assembly structure.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the adhesive gap corresponds to a difference in thermal or material properties between the bonded exterior vehicle component and the vehicle assembly structure.

8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of selecting the chemical properties of a structural adhesive to adjust the vehicle assembly takt time or the final mechanical properties of the adhesive bond between exterior vehicle components and the vehicle assembly structure.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the structural adhesive comprises polyurethane.

10. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of performing a tacking operation simultaneously with the application of the structural adhesive in order to enable the continuous assembly of the vehicle assembly structure until the structural adhesive has cured.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the tacking operation includes the step of applying one or more datum pins to the exterior vehicle component or the vehicle assembly structure to secure the tucked exterior vehicle component in its nominal position before the structural adhesive hardens.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the one or more datum pins include self-piercing datum pins.

13. The method according to claim 11, comprising one or more datum pins for inserting into a puncture medium or other substrate to secure a tacked exterior vehicle component in its nominal position before the structural adhesive hardens.

14. The method according to claim 11, wherein the one or more datum pins are heated before installation.

15. The method according to claim 10, wherein the tacking operation further comprises a hot melt adhesive applied simultaneously with or in conjunction with the structural adhesive.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the hot melt adhesive hardens faster than the structural adhesive, facilitating acceleration of the cycle time.

17. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of connecting additional exterior vehicle components downstream of the assembly line to the vehicle assembly structure in order to further complete the assembly of the vehicle.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the connection of the additional exterior vehicle parts to the vehicle assembly structure does not involve dimensional evaluation of the assembled vehicle.

19. A system for attaching exterior vehicle components to a vehicle assembly structure, An automated assembly cell having separate fasteners for each exterior vehicle component, A global datum for aligning the exterior vehicle parts within the automated assembly cell, A fixing mechanism for holding exterior vehicle parts to their respective fasteners using vacuum clamps or other clamping means, A distribution mechanism for applying structural adhesive to clamped exterior vehicle parts or to part receiving positions on the vehicle assembly structure, A positioning mechanism for moving the clamped exterior vehicle component to a nominal position relative to the global datum, compressing the structural adhesive, and completing the attachment of the clamped exterior vehicle component to the vehicle assembly structure, A system that includes these features.

20. The system according to claim 19, wherein the clamped exterior vehicle component is continuously moved to the nominal position relative to the global datum.

21. The system according to claim 19, wherein the clamped exterior vehicle component is moved to the nominal position simultaneously with another exterior vehicle component.

22. The system according to claim 19, wherein the nominal position is the intended or final position of the exterior vehicle component within the vehicle assembly structure determined by the design specifications, or a corresponding position.

23. The system according to claim 19, configured to provide an adhesive gap to compensate for irregularities in exterior vehicle components, fasteners, or the basic structure of the vehicle assembly structure.

24. The system according to claim 23, wherein the adhesive gap corresponds to a difference in thermal or material properties between the bonded exterior vehicle component and the vehicle assembly structure.

25. The system according to claim 19, further comprising a tacking applicator for performing a tacking operation simultaneously with the application of the structural adhesive, in order to enable the continuous assembly of the vehicle assembly structure until the structural adhesive hardens.

26. The system according to claim 25, wherein the tacking applicator is further configured to apply one or more self-piercing datums or hot-melt adhesives to one or more of the exterior vehicle parts.

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