Substituted resorcylate compounds as AMPK activators and their use

Abstract

The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting lipid production in hepatocytes. [Solution] A pharmaceutical composition containing cannabidiolic acid as an active ingredient is provided.

Claims

1. General formula I for use in activating AMPK 【Chemistry 1】 [In the formula, R1 and R3 are each independently OH; OCH3; O-aliphatic saturated or unsaturated acyl, O-glycoside; acylated O-glycoside; sulfated O-glycoside; or sulfate; R2 is OH; OCH3; O-glycoside; C-glycoside; acylated O-glycoside; acylated C-glycoside; sulfated O-glycoside; sulfated C-glycoside; halogen; primary alcohol, secondary alcohol, or tertiary alcohol; ketone; aldehyde; ester; primary amine, secondary amine, or tertiary amine; primary amide or secondary amide; cyano; nitro; sulfonate; sulfate; optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C1-C20 alkyl; optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C2-C20 alkenyl; optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C4-C20 polyalkenyl; optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C2-C20 alkynyl, or optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C4-C20 polyalkynyl; R4 is H; OH; OCH3; O-glycoside; C-glycoside; acylated O-glycoside; acylated C-glycoside; sulfated O-glycoside; sulfated C-glycoside; halogen atom that is Cl, I, or F; primary alcohol, secondary alcohol, or tertiary alcohol; ketone; aldehyde; ester; primary amine, secondary amine, or tertiary amine; primary amide or secondary amide; cyano; nitro; sulfonate; sulfate; any Selectively substituted and / or optionally branched C1-C20 alkyl groups; optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C2-C20 alkenyl groups; optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C4-C20 polyalkenyl groups; optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C2-C20 alkynyl groups; or optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C4-C20 polyalkynyl groups; R5 is a compound having H;OH;OCH3;O-glycoside;C-glycoside;acylated O-glycoside;acylated C-glycoside;sulfated O-glycoside;sulfated C-glycoside;halogen;primary alcohol, secondary alcohol, or tertiary alcohol;ketone;aldehyde;ester;secondary amine or tertiary amine;primary amide or secondary amide;cyano;nitro;sulfonate;sulfate;optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C1-C20 alkyl;optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C2-C20 alkenyl;optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C4-C20 polyalkenyl;optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C2-C20 alkynyl, or optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C4-C20 polyalkynyl. Or derivatives or analogs thereof for use in the activation of AMPK, optionally, The OCH3 group can cyclize with an adjacent OH group to form a methylenedioxy crosslink. compound.

2. General formula I [wherein R1 and R3 are each independently OH; OCH3; O-aliphatic saturated or unsaturated acyl, O-glycoside; acylated O-glycoside; sulfated O-glycoside; or sulfate; R2 is OH; OCH3; O-glycoside; C-glycoside; acylated O-glycoside; acylated C-glycoside; sulfated O-glycoside; sulfated C-glycoside; halogen; primary alcohol, secondary alcohol, or tertiary alcohol; ketone; aldehyde; ester; primary amine, secondary amine, or tertiary amine; primary amide or secondary amide; cyano; nitro; sulfonate; sulfate; optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C1-C20 alkyl; optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C2-C20 alkenyl; optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C4-C10 polyalkenyl; optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C2-C20 alkynyl, or optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C4-C20 polyalkynyl; R4 is H; OH; OCH3; O-glycoside; C-glycoside; acylated O-glycoside; acylated C-glycoside; sulfated O-glycoside; sulfated C-glycoside; halogen atom that is Cl, I, or F; primary alcohol, secondary alcohol, or tertiary alcohol; ketone; aldehyde; ester; primary amine, secondary amine, or tertiary amine; primary amide or secondary amide; cyano; nitro; sulfonate; sulfate; any Selectively substituted and / or optionally branched C1-C20 alkyl groups; optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C2-C20 alkenyl groups; optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C4-C20 polyalkenyl groups; optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C2-C20 alkynyl groups; or optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C4-C20 polyalkynyl groups; R5 is a compound having H;OH;OCH3;O-glycoside;C-glycoside;acylated O-glycoside;acylated C-glycoside;sulfated O-glycoside;sulfated C-glycoside;halogen;primary alcohol, secondary alcohol, or tertiary alcohol;ketone;aldehyde;ester;secondary amine or tertiary amine;primary amide or secondary amide;cyano;nitro;sulfonate;sulfate;optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C1-C20 alkyl;optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C2-C20 alkenyl;optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C4-C20 polyalkenyl;optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C2-C20 alkynyl, or optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C4-C20 polyalkynyl. Alternatively, a derivative or analog thereof, wherein the OCH3 group can optionally cyclize with an adjacent OH group to form a methylenedioxy crosslink, the compound according to claim 1, for use in activating AMPK.

3. General formula I [wherein R1 and R3 are each independently OH; OCH3; O-aliphatic saturated or unsaturated acyl, O-glycoside; acylated O-glycoside; sulfated O-glycoside; or sulfate; R2 is OH; OCH3; O-glycoside; C-glycoside; acylated O-glycoside; acylated C-glycoside; sulfated O-glycoside; sulfated C-glycoside; halogen; primary alcohol, secondary alcohol, or tertiary alcohol; ketone; aldehyde; ester; primary amine, secondary amine, or tertiary amine; primary amide or secondary amide; cyano; nitro; sulfonate; sulfate; optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C1-C20 alkyl; optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C10-C20 alkenyl; optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C10-C20 polyalkenyl; optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C2-C20 alkynyl; or optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C4-C20 polyalkynyl; R4 is H; OH; OCH3; O-glycoside; C-glycoside; acylated O-glycoside; acylated C-glycoside; sulfated O-glycoside; sulfated C-glycoside; halogen atom that is Cl, I, or F; primary alcohol, secondary alcohol, or tertiary alcohol; ketone; aldehyde; ester; primary amine, secondary amine, or tertiary amine; primary amide or secondary amide; cyano; nitro; sulfonate; sulfate; any Selectively substituted and / or optionally branched C1-C20 alkyl groups; optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C2-C20 alkenyl groups; optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C4-C20 polyalkenyl groups; optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C2-C20 alkynyl groups; or optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C4-C20 polyalkynyl groups; R5 is H; OH; OCH3; O-glycoside; C-glycoside; acylated O-glycoside; acylated C-glycoside; sulfated O-glycoside; sulfated C-glycoside; halogen; primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohol; ketone; aldehyde; ester; secondary or tertiary amine; primary or secondary amide; cyano; nitro; sulfonate; sulfate; optionally branched C1-C20 alcohol A compound having [a kill; optionally branched C2-C20 alkenyl; optionally branched C4-C20 polyalkenyl; optionally branched C2-C20 alkynyl, or optionally branched C4-C20 polyalkynyl], or a derivative or analog thereof, wherein optionally the OCH3 group can cyclize with an adjacent OH group to form a methylenedioxy crosslink, for use in activating AMPK, according to claim 1.

4. General formula I [wherein R1 and R3 are each independently OH; OCH3; O-aliphatic saturated or unsaturated acyl, O-glycoside; acylated O-glycoside; sulfated O-glycoside; or sulfate, R2 is OH; OCH3; O-glycoside; C-glycoside; acylated O-glycoside; acylated C-glycoside; sulfated O-glycoside; sulfated C-glycoside; halogen; primary alcohol, secondary alcohol, or tertiary alcohol; ketone; aldehyde; ester; sulfate; optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C1-C20 alkyl; optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C2-C20 alkenyl; optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C4-C20 polyalkenyl; optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C2-C20 alkynyl, or optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C4-C20 polyalkynyl; R4 is H; OH; OCH3; O-glycoside; C-glycoside; acylated O-glycoside; acylated C-glycoside; sulfated O-glycoside; sulfated C-glycoside; halogen atom which is Cl, I, or F; primary alcohol, secondary alcohol, or tertiary alcohol; ketone; aldehyde; ester; sulfate; optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C1-C20 alkyl; optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C2-C20 alkenyl; optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C4-C20 polyalkenyl; optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C2-C20 alkynyl, or optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C4-C20 polyalkynyl; R5 is a compound having H;OH;OCH3;O-glycoside;C-glycoside;acylated O-glycoside;acylated C-glycoside;sulfated O-glycoside;sulfated C-glycoside;halogen;primary alcohol, secondary alcohol, or tertiary alcohol;ketone;aldehyde;ester;sulfate;optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C1-C20 alkyl;optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C2-C20 alkenyl;optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C4-C20 polyalkenyl;optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C2-C20 alkynyl, or optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C4-C20 polyalkynyl. Alternatively, a derivative or analog thereof, wherein the OCH3 group can optionally cyclize with an adjacent OH group to form a methylenedioxy crosslink, the compound according to claim 1, for use in activating AMPK.

5. General formula I [wherein R1 and R3 are each independently OH; OCH3; O-aliphatic saturated or unsaturated acyl, O-glycoside; acylated O-glycoside; sulfated O-glycoside; or sulfate, R2 is CH3,OH; O-glycoside; C-glycoside; sulfated O-glycoside; sulfated C-glycoside; chlorine; CHO (aldehyde); sulfate; optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C2-C15 alkenyl; or optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C4-C15 polyalkenyl; R4 is H;CH3, OH;OCH3;chlorine, or a 3,3-dimethylallyl chain (1h); A compound having R5 being H; optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C1-C20 alkyl; optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C2-C20 alkenyl; or optionally substituted and / or optionally branched C4-C20 polyalkenyl], or a derivative or analog thereof, wherein optionally the OCH3 group can cyclize with an adjacent OH group to form a methylenedioxy crosslink, for use in activating AMPK, according to claim 1.

6. General formula I [wherein R1 and R3 are each independently OH; OCH3; O-aliphatic saturated or unsaturated acyl, O-glycoside; acylated O-glycoside; sulfated O-glycoside; or sulfate, R2 is OH; OCH3; O-glycoside; C-glycoside; acylated O-glycoside; acylated C-glycoside; sulfated O-glycoside; sulfated C-glycoside; halogen; primary alcohol, secondary alcohol, or tertiary alcohol; ketone; aldehyde; ester; primary amine, secondary amine, or tertiary amine; primary amide or secondary amide; cyano; nitro; sulfonate; sulfate; 3-methylbutyl (1a), 4-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl (1b), 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl (1c), 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl (1d), (3,3-dimethyl-2-oxyranyl)methyl(epoxyprenyl) (1e), 2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutyl (1f), 3-methyl-2-oxobutyl (1g), 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl(3,3-dimethylallyl) (1h), 1,1-dimethyl-2-propen-1-yl(1,1-dimethyl C5 isoprenoid chains selected from the group consisting of tilaryl (1i), 3-methyl-1-buten-1-yl (1j), 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl (1k), 1-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl (1l), 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-butenyl (1m), 4-hydroxy-3-methylbuta-1-en-1-yl (1n), 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-3-buten-1-yl (1o), and 3-methyl-1,3-butadienyl (1p); 3,7-dimethyloctyl(tetrahydrogeranyl) (2a), 8-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloctyl (2b), 3,7-dimethylocta-6-en-1-yl(citronellyl) (2c), 6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2-enyl (2d), [3-methyl-3-(4-methyl-3-penten-1-yl)-2-oxyranyl]methyl(geranyl 2,3-epoxide) (2e), 5-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)hexyl (2f), 3-methyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-yl (2g), (2E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadiene-1 C10 isoprenoid chains selected from the group consisting of -yl(geranyl)(2h), (2Z)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-yl(neryl)(2i), 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)-4-hexen-1-yl(lavandulyl)(2j), 5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl(2k), 6-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,7-octadien-1-yl(2l), 3,7-dimethyl-7-hydroxy-2,5-octadienyl(2m), 3,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-2,6-octadienyl(2n), and 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexyl(2o); A C15 isoprenoid chain selected from the group consisting of 3,7,11-trimethyldodecyl(hexahydrofarnesyl)(3a), (2E,6E)-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-yl(farnesyl)(3b), 7-hydroxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,10-dodecadiene-1-yl(3c), and 3-methyl-6-[5-(2-methyl-1-propen-1-yl)-3-furanyl]-2-hexen-1-yl(3d); A C20 isoprenoid chain selected from the group consisting of 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecyl(phytanyl) (4a) and (2E,6E,10E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-2,6,10,14-tetraen-1-yl(geranylgeranyl) (4b); Methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, heptyl, nonylundecyl, pentadecyl, heptadecyl, eicosyl, hydroxymethyl (5a), 6-hydroxyheptyl (5b), 8-hydroxynonyl (5c), 12-hydroxytridecyl (5d), 2-hydroxytridecyl (5e), ​​2,12-dihydroxytridecyl (5f), 2-hydroxypentadecyl (5g), 14-hydroxypentadecyl (5h), 16-hydroxyheptadecyl (5i), 10-methoxyundecyl (5j), 12-methoxytridecyl (5k), 2-(acetyloxy)pentadecyl (5l), 2-(acetyloxy)-13-hydroxytridecyl (5m), 2-(acetyloxy)-12-hydroxytridecyl (5n), 2,12-bis(acetyloxy)tridecyl (5o), 2-(acetyloxy)tridecyl (5p), benzyl (6a), 2-phenyl ethyl(6b), 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl(6c), 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl(6d), 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl(6e), 2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl(7a), 2-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl(7b), tetrahydro-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-yl)methyl(8a), 1,2-dioxopropyl(9a), 3-oxopentyl(9b) ), 2-oxopentyl (9c), 2-oxoheptyl (9d), 2-oxononyl (9e), 14-oxopentadecyl (9f), 2-oxotridecyl (9g), 1-hydroxy-2-oxopropyl (10a), 13-hydroxy-2-oxotridecyl (10b), 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl (11a), 2-oxo-2-phenylethyl (11b) - (substituted) alkyl chains selected from the group consisting of these; A (substituted) alkenyl chain selected from the group consisting of ethenyl (12a), 1-propenyl (12b), 1-methylethenyl (12c), 1-methyl-1-propen-1-yl (12d), 8-pentadecene-1-yl (12e), 8-heptadecene-1-yl (12f), 10-heptadecene-1-yl (12g), 10-(acetyloxy)-8-pentadecenyl (13a), 2-phenylethenyl (14a), 1-hydroxymethylene-2-oxopropyl (15a); or A substituted polyalkenyl chain selected from the group consisting of 8,11-heptadecadiene-1-yl (16a), 1-oxo-2,4-octadien-1-yl (17a), 4,6-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-oxo-1,4-cyclohexadien-1-yl (17b), (6-methyl-4-oxo-4H-pyran-2-yl)methyl (17c), and 8-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,7-octadien-1-yl (18a); R4 is H; OH; OCH3; O-glycoside; C-glycoside; acylated O-glycoside; acylated C-glycoside; sulfated O-glycoside; sulfated C-glycoside; halogen atom which is Cl, I, or F; primary alcohol, secondary alcohol, or tertiary alcohol; ketone; aldehyde; ester; primary amine, secondary amine, or tertiary amine; primary amide or secondary amide; cyano; nitro; sulfonate; sulfate; 3-methylbutyl (1a), 4-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl (1b), 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl (1c), 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl (1d), (3,3-dimethyl-2-oxyranyl)methyl(epoxyprenyl) (1e), 2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutyl (1f), 3-methyl-2-oxobutyl (1g), 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl(3,3-dimethylallyl) (1h), 1,1-dimethyl-2-propen-1-yl(1,1-dimethyl C5 isoprenoid chains selected from the group consisting of tilaryl (1i), 3-methyl-1-buten-1-yl (1j), 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl (1k), 1-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl (1l), 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-butenyl (1m), 4-hydroxy-3-methylbuta-1-en-1-yl (1n), 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-3-buten-1-yl (1o), and 3-methyl-1,3-butadienyl (1p); 3,7-dimethyloctyl(tetrahydrogeranyl) (2a), 8-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloctyl (2b), 3,7-dimethylocta-6-en-1-yl(citronellyl) (2c), 6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2-enyl (2d), [3-methyl-3-(4-methyl-3-penten-1-yl)-2-oxyranyl]methyl(geranyl 2,3-epoxide) (2e), 5-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)hexyl (2f), 3-methyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-yl (2g), (2E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadiene-1 C10 isoprenoid chains selected from the group consisting of -yl(geranyl)(2h), (2Z)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-yl(neryl)(2i), 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)-4-hexen-1-yl(lavandulyl)(2j), 5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl(2k), 6-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,7-octadien-1-yl(2l), 3,7-dimethyl-7-hydroxy-2,5-octadienyl(2m), 3,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-2,6-octadienyl(2n), and 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexyl(2o); C15 isoprenoid chains selected from the group consisting of 3,7,11-trimethyldodecyl(hexahydrofarnesyl)(3a), (2E,6E)-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-yl(farnesyl)(3b), 7-hydroxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,10-dodecadiene-1-yl(3c), and 3-methyl-6-[5-(2-methylpropane-1-en-1-yl)furan-3-yl]hexa-2-en-1-yl(3d); A C20 isoprenoid chain selected from the group consisting of 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecyl(phytanyl) (4a) and (2E,6E,10E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-2,6,10,14-tetraen-1-yl(geranylgeranyl) (4b); Methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, heptyl, nonylundecyl, pentadecyl, heptadecyl, eicosyl, hydroxymethyl (5a), 6-hydroxyheptyl (5b), 8-hydroxynonyl (5c), 12-hydroxytridecyl (5d), 2-hydroxytridecyl (5e), ​​2,12-dihydroxytridecyl (5f), 2-hydroxypentadecyl (5g), 14-hydroxypentadecyl (5h), 16-hydroxyheptadecyl (5i), 10-methoxyundecyl (5j), 12-methoxytridecyl (5k), 2-(acetyloxy)pentadecyl (5l), 2-(acetyloxy)-13-hydroxytridecyl (5m), 2-(acetyloxy)-12-hydroxytridecyl (5n), 2,12-bis(acetyloxy)tridecyl (5o), 2-(acetyloxy)tridecyl (5p), benzyl (6a), 2-phenyl Nylethyl (6b), 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl (6c), 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl (6d), 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl (6e), 2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl (7a), 2-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl (7b), tetrahydro-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-yl)methyl (8a), 1,2-dioxopropyl (9a), 3-oxopentyl ( Substitutive alkyl chains selected from the group consisting of 9b), 2-oxopentyl (9c), 2-oxoheptyl (9d), 2-oxononyl (9e), 14-oxopentadecyl (9f), 2-oxotridecyl (9g), 1-hydroxy-2-oxopropyl (10a), 13-hydroxy-2-oxotridecyl (10b), 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl (11a), and 2-oxo-2-phenylethyl (11b); A (substituted) alkenyl chain selected from the group consisting of ethenyl (12a), 1-propenyl (12b), 1-methylethenyl (12c), 1-methyl-1-propen-1-yl (12d), 8-pentadecene-1-yl (12e), 8-heptadecene-1-yl (12f), 10-heptadecene-1-yl (12g), 10-(acetyloxy)-8-pentadecenyl (13a), 2-phenylethenyl (14a), 1-hydroxymethylene-2-oxopropyl (15a); or A substituted polyalkenyl chain selected from the group consisting of 8,11-heptadecadiene-1-yl (16a), 1-oxo-2,4-octadien-1-yl (17a), 4,6-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-oxo-1,4-cyclohexadien-1-yl (17b), (6-methyl-4-oxo-4H-pyran-2-yl)methyl (17c), and 8-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,7-octadien-1-yl (18a); R5 is H; OH; OCH3; O-glycoside; C-glycoside; acylated O-glycoside; acylated C-glycoside; sulfated O-glycoside; sulfated C-glycoside; halogen; primary alcohol, secondary alcohol, or tertiary alcohol; ketone; aldehyde; ester; secondary amine or tertiary amine; primary amide or secondary amide; cyano; nitro; sulfonate; sulfate; 3-methylbutyl (1a), 4-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl (1b), 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl (1c), 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl (1d), (3,3-dimethyl-2-oxyranyl)methyl(epoxyprenyl) (1e), 2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutyl (1f), 3-methyl-2-oxobutyl (1g), 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl(3,3-dimethylallyl) (1h), 1,1-dimethyl-2-propen-1-yl(1,1-dimethyl C5 isoprenoid chains selected from the group consisting of tilaryl (1i), 3-methyl-1-buten-1-yl (1j), 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl (1k), 1-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl (1l), 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-butenyl (1m), 4-hydroxy-3-methylbuta-1-en-1-yl (1n), 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-3-buten-1-yl (1o), and 3-methyl-1,3-butadienyl (1p); 3,7-dimethyloctyl(tetrahydrogeranyl) (2a), 8-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloctyl (2b), 3,7-dimethylocta-6-en-1-yl(citronellyl) (2c), 6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2-enyl (2d), [3-methyl-3-(4-methyl-3-penten-1-yl)-2-oxyranyl]methyl(geranyl 2,3-epoxide) (2e), 5-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)hexyl (2f), 3-methyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-yl (2g), (2E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadiene-1 C10 isoprenoid chains selected from the group consisting of -yl(geranyl)(2h), (2Z)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-yl(neryl)(2i), 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)-4-hexen-1-yl(lavandulyl)(2j), 5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl(2k), 6-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,7-octadien-1-yl(2l), 3,7-dimethyl-7-hydroxy-2,5-octadienyl(2m), 3,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-2,6-octadienyl(2n), and 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexyl(2o); C15 isoprenoid chains selected from the group consisting of 3,7,11-trimethyldodecyl(hexahydrofarnesyl)(3a), (2E,6E)-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-yl(farnesyl)(3b), 7-hydroxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,10-dodecadiene-1-yl(3c), and 3-methyl-6-[5-(2-methylpropane-1-en-1-yl)furan-3-yl]hexa-2-en-1-yl(3d); A C20 isoprenoid chain selected from the group consisting of 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecyl(phytanyl) (4a) and (2E,6E,10E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-2,6,10,14-tetraen-1-yl(geranylgeranyl) (4b); Methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, heptyl, nonylundecyl, pentadecyl, heptadecyl, eicosyl, hydroxymethyl (5a), 6-hydroxyheptyl (5b), 8-hydroxynonyl (5c), 12-hydroxytridecyl (5d), 2-hydroxytridecyl (5e), ​​2,12-dihydroxytridecyl (5f), 2-hydroxypentadecyl (5g), 14-hydroxypentadecyl (5h), 16-hydroxyheptadecyl (5i), 10-methoxyundecyl (5j), 12-methoxytridecyl (5k), 2-(acetyloxy)pentadecyl (5l), 2-(acetyloxy)-13-hydroxytridecyl (5m), 2-(acetyloxy)-12-hydroxytridecyl (5n), 2,12-bis(acetyloxy)tridecyl (5o), 2-(acetyloxy)tridecyl (5p), benzyl (6a), 2-phenyl ethyl(6b), 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl(6c), 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl(6d), 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl(6e), 2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl(7a), 2-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl(7b), tetrahydro-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-yl)methyl(8a), 1,2-dioxopropyl(9a), 3-oxopentyl(9b) ), 2-oxopentyl (9c), 2-oxoheptyl (9d), 2-oxononyl (9e), 14-oxopentadecyl (9f), 2-oxotridecyl (9g), 1-hydroxy-2-oxopropyl (10a), 13-hydroxy-2-oxotridecyl (10b), 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl (11a), 2-oxo-2-phenylethyl (11b) - (substituted) alkyl chains selected from the group consisting of these; A (substituted) alkenyl chain selected from the group consisting of ethenyl (12a), 1-propenyl (12b), 1-methylethenyl (12c), 1-methyl-1-propen-1-yl (12d), 8-pentadecene-1-yl (12e), 8-heptadecene-1-yl (12f), 10-heptadecene-1-yl (12g), 10-(acetyloxy)-8-pentadecenyl (13a), 2-phenylethenyl (14a), 1-hydroxymethylene-2-oxopropyl (15a); or A compound having a substituted polyalkenyl chain selected from the group consisting of 8,11-heptadecadiene-1-yl (16a), 1-oxo-2,4-octadien-1-yl (17a), 4,6-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-oxo-1,4-cyclohexadien-1-yl (17b), (6-methyl-4-oxo-4H-pyran-2-yl)methyl (17c), 8-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,7-octadien-1-yl (18a), or a derivative or analog thereof, wherein the OCH3 group can optionally cyclize with an adjacent OH group to form a methylenedioxy crosslink, for use in activating AMPK, according to claim 1.

7. General formula I [wherein R1 and R3 are each independently OH; OCH3; O-aliphatic saturated or unsaturated acyl, O-glycoside; acylated O-glycoside; sulfated O-glycoside; or sulfate, R2 is OH; OCH3; O-glycoside; C-glycoside; acylated O-glycoside; acylated C-glycoside; sulfated O-glycoside; sulfated C-glycoside; halogen; primary alcohol, secondary alcohol, or tertiary alcohol; ketone; aldehyde; ester; sulfate; 3-methylbutyl (1a), 4-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl (1b), 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl (1c), 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl (1d), (3,3-dimethyl-2-oxyranyl)methyl(epoxyprenyl) (1e), 2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutyl (1f), 3-methyl-2-oxobutyl (1g), 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl(3,3-dimethylallyl) (1h), 1,1-dimethyl-2-propen-1-yl(1,1-dimethyl C5 isoprenoid chains selected from the group consisting of tilaryl (1i), 3-methyl-1-buten-1-yl (1j), 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl (1k), 1-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl (1l), 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-butenyl (1m), 4-hydroxy-3-methylbuta-1-en-1-yl (1n), 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-3-buten-1-yl (1o), and 3-methyl-1,3-butadienyl (1p); 3,7-dimethyloctyl(tetrahydrogeranyl) (2a), 8-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloctyl (2b), 3,7-dimethylocta-6-en-1-yl(citronellyl) (2c), 6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2-enyl (2d), [3-methyl-3-(4-methyl-3-penten-1-yl)-2-oxyranyl]methyl(geranyl 2,3-epoxide) (2e), 5-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)hexyl (2f), 3-methyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-yl (2g), (2E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadiene-1 C10 isoprenoid chains selected from the group consisting of -yl(geranyl)(2h), (2Z)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-yl(neryl)(2i), 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)-4-hexen-1-yl(lavandulyl)(2j), 5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl(2k), 6-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,7-octadien-1-yl(2l), 3,7-dimethyl-7-hydroxy-2,5-octadienyl(2m), 3,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-2,6-octadienyl(2n), and 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexyl(2o); C15 isoprenoid chains selected from the group consisting of 3,7,11-trimethyldodecyl(hexahydrofarnesyl)(3a), (2E,6E)-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-yl(farnesyl)(3b), 7-hydroxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,10-dodecadiene-1-yl(3c), and 3-methyl-6-[5-(2-methylpropane-1-en-1-yl)furan-3-yl]hexa-2-en-1-yl(3d); A C20 isoprenoid chain selected from the group consisting of 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecyl(phytanyl) (4a) and (2E,6E,10E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-2,6,10,14-tetraen-1-yl(geranylgeranyl) (4b); Methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, heptyl, nonylundecyl, pentadecyl, heptadecyl, eicosyl, hydroxymethyl (5a), 6-hydroxyheptyl (5b), 8-hydroxynonyl (5c), 12-hydroxytridecyl (5d), 2-hydroxytridecyl (5e), ​​2,12-dihydroxytridecyl (5f), 2-hydroxypentadecyl (5g), 14-hydroxypentadecyl (5h), 16-hydroxyheptadecyl (5i), 10-methoxyundecyl (5j), 12-methoxytridecyl (5k), 2-(acetyloxy)pentadecyl (5l), 2-(acetyloxy)-13-hydroxytridecyl (5m), 2-(acetyloxy)-12-hydroxytridecyl (5n), 2,12-bis(acetyloxy)tridecyl (5o), 2-(acetyloxy)tridecyl (5p), benzyl (6a), 2-phenyl Nylethyl (6b), 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl (6c), 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl (6d), 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl (6e), 2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl (7a), 2-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl (7b), tetrahydro-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-yl)methyl (8a), 1,2-dioxopropyl (9a), 3-oxopentyl ( Substitutive alkyl chains selected from the group consisting of 9b), 2-oxopentyl (9c), 2-oxoheptyl (9d), 2-oxononyl (9e), 14-oxopentadecyl (9f), 2-oxotridecyl (9g), 1-hydroxy-2-oxopropyl (10a), 13-hydroxy-2-oxotridecyl (10b), 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl (11a), and 2-oxo-2-phenylethyl (11b); Substitutive alkenyl chains selected from the group consisting of ethenyl (12a), 1-propenyl (12b), 1-methylethenyl (12c), 1-methyl-1-propen-1-yl (12d), 8-pentadecene-1-yl (12e), 8-heptadecene-1-yl (12f), 10-heptadecene-1-yl (12g), 10-(acetyloxy)-8-pentadecenyl (13a), 2-phenylethenyl (14a), and 1-hydroxymethylene-2-oxopropyl (15a); or A (substituted) polyalkenyl chain selected from the group consisting of 8,11-heptadecadiene-1-yl (16a), 1-oxo-2,4-octadien-1-yl (17a), 4,6-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-oxo-1,4-cyclohexadien-1-yl (17b), (6-methyl-4-oxo-4H-pyran-2-yl)methyl (17c), and 8-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,7-octadien-1-yl (18a); R4 is H; OH; OCH3; O-glycoside; C-glycoside; acylated O-glycoside; acylated C-glycoside; sulfated O-glycoside; sulfated C-glycoside; halogen atom that is Cl, I, or F; primary alcohol, secondary alcohol, or tertiary alcohol; ketone; aldehyde; ester; sulfate; 3-methylbutyl (1a), 4-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl (1b), 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl (1c), 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl (1d), (3,3-dimethyl-2-oxyranyl)methyl(epoxyprenyl) (1e), 2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutyl (1f), 3-methyl-2-oxobutyl (1g), 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl(3,3-dimethylallyl) (1h), 1,1-dimethyl-2-propen-1-yl(1,1-dimethyl C5 isoprenoid chains selected from the group consisting of tilaryl (1i), 3-methyl-1-buten-1-yl (1j), 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl (1k), 1-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl (1l), 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-butenyl (1m), 4-hydroxy-3-methylbuta-1-en-1-yl (1n), 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-3-buten-1-yl (1o), and 3-methyl-1,3-butadienyl (1p); 3,7-dimethyloctyl(tetrahydrogeranyl) (2a), 8-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloctyl (2b), 3,7-dimethylocta-6-en-1-yl(citronellyl) (2c), 6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2-enyl (2d), [3-methyl-3-(4-methyl-3-penten-1-yl)-2-oxyranyl]methyl(geranyl 2,3-epoxide) (2e), 5-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)hexyl (2f), 3-methyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-yl (2g), (2E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadiene-1 C10 isoprenoid chains selected from the group consisting of -yl(geranyl)(2h), (2Z)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-yl(neryl)(2i), 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)-4-hexen-1-yl(lavandulyl)(2j), 5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl(2k), 6-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,7-octadien-1-yl(2l), 3,7-dimethyl-7-hydroxy-2,5-octadienyl(2m), 3,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-2,6-octadienyl(2n), and 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexyl(2o); C15 isoprenoid chains selected from the group consisting of 3,7,11-trimethyldodecyl(hexahydrofarnesyl)(3a), (2E,6E)-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-yl(farnesyl)(3b), 7-hydroxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,10-dodecadiene-1-yl(3c), and 3-methyl-6-[5-(2-methylpropane-1-en-1-yl)furan-3-yl]hexa-2-en-1-yl(3d); C20 isoprenoid chains selected from the group consisting of 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecyl(phytanyl) (4a), (2E,6E,10E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-2,6,10,14-tetraen-1-yl(geranylgeranyl) (4b); methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, heptyl, nonylundecyl, pentadecyl, heptadecyl, eicosyl, hydroxymethyl (5a), 6-hydroxyheptyl (5b), 8-hydroxynonyl (5c), 12-Hydroxytridecyl(5d), 2-Hydroxytridecyl(5e), ​​2,12-Dihydroxytridecyl(5f), 2-Hydroxypentadecyl(5g), 14-Hydroxypentadecyl(5h), 16-Hydroxyheptadecyl(5i), 10-Methoxyundecyl(5j), 12-Hydroxytridecyl(5k), 2-(Acetyloxy)pentadecyl(5l), 2-(Acetyloxy)-13-Hydroxytridecyl(5m), 2-(Acetyloxy)-12-Hydroxytridecyl(5n) ), 2,12-bis(acetyloxy)tridecyl(5o), 2-(acetyloxy)tridecyl(5p), benzyl(6a), 2-phenylethyl(6b), 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl(6c), 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl(6d), 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl(6e), 2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl(7a), 2-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl(7b), tetrahydro-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-yl)methyl(8 a) (substituted) alkyl chains selected from the group consisting of 1,2-dioxopropyl (9a), 3-oxopentyl (9b), 2-oxopentyl (9c), 2-oxoheptyl (9d), 2-oxononyl (9e), 14-oxopentadecyl (9f), 2-oxotridecyl (9g), 1-hydroxy-2-oxopropyl (10a), 13-hydroxy-2-oxotridecyl (10b), 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl (11a), and 2-oxo-2-phenylethyl (11b); A (substituted) alkenyl chain selected from the group consisting of ethenyl (12a), 1-propenyl (12b), 1-methylethenyl (12c), 1-methyl-1-propen-1-yl (12d), 8-pentadecene-1-yl (12e), 8-heptadecene-1-yl (12f), 10-heptadecene-1-yl (12g), 10-(acetyloxy)-8-pentadecenyl (13a), 2-phenylethenyl (14a), 1-hydroxymethylene-2-oxopropyl (15a); or A (substituted) polyalkenyl chain selected from the group consisting of 8,11-heptadecadiene-1-yl (16a), 1-oxo-2,4-octadien-1-yl (17a), 4,6-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-oxo-1,4-cyclohexadien-1-yl (17b), (6-methyl-4-oxo-4H-pyran-2-yl)methyl (17c), and 8-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,7-octadien-1-yl (18a); R5 is H; OH; OCH3; O-glycoside; C-glycoside; acylated O-glycoside; acylated C-glycoside; sulfated O-glycoside; sulfated C-glycoside; halogen; primary alcohol, secondary alcohol, or tertiary alcohol; ketone; aldehyde; ester; sulfate; 3-methylbutyl (1a), 4-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl (1b), 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl (1c), 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl (1d), (3,3-dimethyl-2-oxyranyl)methyl(epoxyprenyl) (1e), 2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutyl (1f), 3-methyl-2-oxobutyl (1g), 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl(3,3-dimethylallyl) (1h), 1,1-dimethyl-2-propen-1-yl(1,1-dimethyl C5 isoprenoid chains selected from the group consisting of tilaryl (1i), 3-methyl-1-buten-1-yl (1j), 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl (1k), 1-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl (1l), 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-butenyl (1m), 4-hydroxy-3-methylbuta-1-en-1-yl (1n), 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-3-buten-1-yl (1o), and 3-methyl-1,3-butadienyl (1p); 3,7-dimethyloctyl(tetrahydrogeranyl) (2a), 8-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloctyl (2b), 3,7-dimethylocta-6-en-1-yl(citronellyl) (2c), 6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2-enyl (2d), [3-methyl-3-(4-methyl-3-penten-1-yl)-2-oxyranyl]methyl(geranyl 2,3-epoxide) (2e), 5-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)hexyl (2f), 3-methyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-yl (2g), (2E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadiene-1 C10 isoprenoid chains selected from the group consisting of -yl(geranyl)(2h), (2Z)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-yl(neryl)(2i), 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)-4-hexen-1-yl(lavandulyl)(2j), 5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl(2k), 6-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,7-octadien-1-yl(2l), 3,7-dimethyl-7-hydroxy-2,5-octadienyl(2m), 3,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-2,6-octadienyl(2n), and 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexyl(2o); C15 isoprenoid chains selected from the group consisting of 3,7,11-trimethyldodecyl(hexahydrofarnesyl)(3a), (2E,6E)-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-yl(farnesyl)(3b), 7-hydroxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,10-dodecadiene-1-yl(3c), and 3-methyl-6-[5-(2-methylpropane-1-en-1-yl)furan-3-yl]hexa-2-en-1-yl(3d); A C20 isoprenoid chain selected from the group consisting of 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecyl(phytanyl) (4a) and (2E,6E,10E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-2,6,10,14-tetraen-1-yl(geranylgeranyl) (4b); Methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, heptyl, nonylundecyl, pentadecyl, heptadecyl, eicosyl, hydroxymethyl (5a), 6-hydroxyheptyl (5b), 8-hydroxynonyl (5c), 12-hydroxytridecyl (5d), 2-hydroxytridecyl (5e), ​​2,12-dihydroxytridecyl (5f), 2-hydroxypentadecyl (5g), 14-hydroxypentadecyl (5h), 16-hydroxyheptadecyl (5i), 10-methoxyundecyl (5j), 12-methoxytridecyl (5k), 2-(acetyloxy)pentadecyl (5l), 2-(acetyloxy)-13-hydroxytridecyl (5m), 2-(acetyloxy)-12-hydroxytridecyl (5n), 2,12-bis(acetyloxy)tridecyl (5o), 2-(acetyloxy)tridecyl (5p), benzyl (6a), 2-phenyl ethyl(6b), 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl(6c), 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl(6d), 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl(6e), 2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl(7a), 2-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl(7b), tetrahydro-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-yl)methyl(8a), 1,2-dioxopropyl(9a), 3-oxopentyl(9b) ), 2-oxopentyl (9c), 2-oxoheptyl (9d), 2-oxononyl (9e), 14-oxopentadecyl (9f), 2-oxotridecyl (9g), 1-hydroxy-2-oxopropyl (10a), 13-hydroxy-2-oxotridecyl (10b), 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl (11a), 2-oxo-2-phenylethyl (11b) - (substituted) alkyl chains selected from the group consisting of these; Substitutive alkenyl chains selected from the group consisting of ethenyl (12a), 1-propenyl (12b), 1-methylethenyl (12c), 1-methyl-1-propen-1-yl (12d), 8-pentadecene-1-yl (12e), 8-heptadecene-1-yl (12f), 10-heptadecene-1-yl (12g), 10-(acetyloxy)-8-pentadecenyl (13a), 2-phenylethenyl (14a), and 1-hydroxymethylene-2-oxopropyl (15a); or A compound having a substituted polyalkenyl chain selected from the group consisting of 8,11-heptadecadiene-1-yl (16a), 1-oxo-2,4-octadien-1-yl (17a), 4,6-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-oxo-1,4-cyclohexadien-1-yl (17b), (6-methyl-4-oxo-4H-pyran-2-yl)methyl (17c), 8-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,7-octadien-1-yl (18a), or a derivative or analog thereof, wherein the OCH3 group can optionally cyclize with an adjacent OH group to form a methylenedioxy crosslink, for use in activating AMPK, according to claim 1.

8. General formula I [wherein R1 and R3 are each independently OH; OCH3; O-aliphatic saturated or unsaturated acyl, O-glycoside; acylated O-glycoside; sulfated O-glycoside; or sulfate, R2 is CH3,OH; O-glycoside; C-glycoside; sulfated O-glycoside; sulfated C-glycoside; chlorine; CHO (aldehyde); sulfate; C5 isoprenoid chains selected from the group consisting of 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl(3,3-dimethylallyl)(1h), 1,1-dimethyl-2-propen-1-yl(1,1-dimethylallyl)(1i), 3-methyl-1-buten-1-yl(1j), 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl(1k), 1-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl(1l), 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-butenyl(1m), 4-hydroxy-3-methylbuta-1-en-1-yl(1n), 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-3-buten-1-yl(1o), and 3-methyl-1,3-butadienyl(1p); 3,7-dimethylocta-6-en-1-yl(citronellyl)(2c), 6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2-enyl(2d), [3-methyl-3-(4-methyl-3-penten-1-yl)-2-oxyranyl]methyl(geranyl 2,3-epoxide)(2e), 5-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)hexyl(2f), 3-methyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-yl(2g), (2E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-yl(geranyl)(2h), (2Z)-3,7-dimethyl C10 isoprenoid chains selected from the group consisting of -2,6-octadien-1-yl(neryl)(2i), 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)-4-hexen-1-yl(lavandulyl)(2j), 5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl(2k), 6-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,7-octadien-1-yl(2l), 3,7-dimethyl-7-hydroxy-2,5-octadienyl(2m), 3,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-2,6-octadienyl(2n), and 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexyl(2o); A C15 isoprenoid chain selected from the group consisting of (2E,6E)-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-yl(farnesyl)(3b), 7-hydroxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,10-dodecadiene-1-yl(3c), and 3-methyl-6-[5-(2-methyl-1-propen-1-yl)-3-furanyl]-2-hexen-1-yl(3d); or A (substituted) polyalkenyl chain selected from the group consisting of 8-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,7-octadien-1-yl(18a); R4 is H;CH3, OH;OCH3;chlorine, or a 3,3-dimethylallyl chain (1h); R5 is H; 3-methylbutyl (1a), 4-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl (1b), 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl (1c), 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl (1d), (3,3-dimethyl-2-oxyranyl)methyl(epoxyprenyl) (1e), 2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutyl (1f), 3-methyl-2-oxobutyl (1g), 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl(3,3-dimethylallyl) (1h), 1,1-dimethyl-2-propen-1-yl(1,1-dimethyl C5 isoprenoid chains selected from the group consisting of tilaryl (1i), 3-methyl-1-buten-1-yl (1j), 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl (1k), 1-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl (1l), 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-butenyl (1m), 4-hydroxy-3-methylbuta-1-en-1-yl (1n), 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-3-buten-1-yl (1o), and 3-methyl-1,3-butadienyl (1p); 3,7-dimethyloctyl(tetrahydrogeranyl) (2a), 8-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloctyl (2b), 3,7-dimethylocta-6-en-1-yl(citronellyl) (2c), 6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2-enyl (2d), [3-methyl-3-(4-methyl-3-penten-1-yl)-2-oxyranyl]methyl(geranyl 2,3-epoxide) (2e), 5-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)hexyl (2f), 3-methyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-yl (2g), (2E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadiene-1 C10 isoprenoid chains selected from the group consisting of -yl(geranyl)(2h), (2Z)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-yl(neryl)(2i), 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)-4-hexen-1-yl(lavandulyl)(2j), 5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl(2k), 6-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,7-octadien-1-yl(2l), 3,7-dimethyl-7-hydroxy-2,5-octadienyl(2m), 3,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-2,6-octadienyl(2n), and 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexyl(2o); C15 isoprenoid chains selected from the group consisting of 3,7,11-trimethyldodecyl(hexahydrofarnesyl)(3a), (2E,6E)-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-yl(farnesyl)(3b), 7-hydroxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,10-dodecadiene-1-yl(3c), and 3-methyl-6-[5-(2-methylpropane-1-en-1-yl)furan-3-yl]hexa-2-en-1-yl(3d); A C20 isoprenoid chain selected from the group consisting of 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecyl(phytanyl) (4a) and (2E,6E,10E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-2,6,10,14-tetraen-1-yl(geranylgeranyl) (4b); Methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, heptyl, nonylundecyl, pentadecyl, heptadecyl, eicosyl, hydroxymethyl (5a), 6-hydroxyheptyl (5b), 8-hydroxynonyl (5c), 12-hydroxytridecyl (5d), 2-hydroxytridecyl (5e), ​​2,12-dihydroxytridecyl (5f), 2-hydroxypentadecyl (5g), 14-hydroxypentadecyl (5h), 16-hydroxyheptadecyl (5i), 10-methoxyundecyl (5j), 12-methoxytridecyl (5k), 2- (Acetyloxy)pentadecyl (5L), 2-(acetyloxy)-13-hydroxytridecyl (5M), 2-(acetyloxy)-12-hydroxytridecyl (5N), 2,12-bis(acetyloxy)tridecyl (5O), 2-(acetyloxy)tridecyl (5P), benzyl (6A), 2-phenylethyl (6B), 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl (6C), 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl (6D), 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl (6E), 2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl (7A), 2-hydroxy C-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl (7b), tetrahydro-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-yl)methyl (8a), 1,2-dioxopropyl (9a), 3-oxopentyl (9b), 2-oxopentyl (9c), 2-oxoheptyl (9d), 2-oxononyl (9e), 14-oxopentadecyl (9f), 2-oxotridecyl (9g), 1-hydroxy-2-oxopropyl (10a), 13-hydroxy-2-oxotridecyl (10b), 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl (11a), 2-oxo-2- A (substituted) alkyl chain selected from the group consisting of phenylethyl (11b); a (substituted) alkenyl chain, one of the following representative examples: ethenyl (12a), 1-propenyl (12b), 1-methylethenyl (12c), 1-methyl-1-propen-1-yl (12d), 8-pentadecene-1-yl (12e), 8-heptadecene-1-yl (12f), 10-heptadecene-1-yl (12g), 10-(acetyloxy)-8-pentadecenyl (13a), 2-phenylethenyl (14a), 1-hydroxymethylene-2-oxopropyl (15a); or A compound having a (substituted) polyalkenyl chain selected from the group consisting of 8,11-heptadecadiene-1-yl (16a), 1-oxo-2,4-octadien-1-yl (17a), 4,6-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-oxo-1,4-cyclohexadien-1-yl (17b), (6-methyl-4-oxo-4H-pyran-2-yl)methyl (17c), 8-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,7-octadien-1-yl (18a), or a derivative or analog thereof, wherein the OCH3 group can optionally cyclize with an adjacent OH group to form a methylenedioxy crosslink, for use in activating AMPK, according to claim 1.

9. The compound according to any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein R2 is hydrogen and R4 is not hydrogen.

10. The compound according to any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein R2 is hydrogen and R5 is not hydrogen.

11. R1 and R3 are each independently OH; OCH3; O-glycoside; or sulfate; R2 is H; 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl(3,3-dimethylallyl)(1h); or (2E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-yl(geranyl)(2h); R4 is H, R5 is a compound that is pentyl; benzyl (6a); 2-phenethyl (6b); or phenylethenyl (14a); or derivatives or analogs thereof, The compound according to claim 10 for use in activating AMPK.

12. R1 = OH; O-glycoside; or sulfate; R2 is H; [3-methyl-3-(4-methyl-3-penten-1-yl)-2-oxyranyl]methyl(geranyl 2,3-epoxide)(2e); 3-methyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-yl(2g); (2E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-yl(geranyl)(2h); (2Z)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-yl(neryl)(2i); or 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexyl(2o); R3 is OH; OCH3; O-glycoside; or sulfate; R4 is H; R5 is a compound that is CH3; n-propyl, n-butyl, or pentyl. or derivatives or analogs thereof, The compound according to claim 10 for use in activating AMPK.

13. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the compound having general formula I is cannabidiolic acid, CAS number 1244-58-2, for use in activating AMPK.

14. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 13, for use in the treatment or prevention of conditions, disorders, or diseases associated with type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and / or obesity.

15. The compound of general formula I according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the activation of AMPK is via a direct activation mechanism.

16. The compound of general formula I according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the activation of AMPK occurs in muscle tissue, liver tissue, and / or kidney tissue.

17. The compound of general formula I according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the activation of the AMPK is an AMPK comprising an α2 subunit, a β1 subunit, and a γ1 subunit.

18. The compound is a compound of general formula I according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the compound is obtained from a plant or a plant extract.

19. A compound of general formula I according to any one of claims 1 to 18, for use in the preparation of agents for treating or preventing conditions, disorders, or diseases responsive to AMPK activation.

20. A composition comprising a compound of general formula I according to any one of claims 1 to 19, for use in activating AMPK.

21. The composition for use according to claim 20, wherein the composition is a food, beverage, or dietary supplement.

22. The composition for use according to claim 20, wherein the composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

23. The composition for use according to any one of claims 20 to 22, wherein the compound of general formula I is compound 1; cannabidiolic acid, CAS number 1244-58-2.

24. A pharmaceutical composition for use in activating AMPK, comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of general formula I as described in any one of claims 1 to 23, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, as an active ingredient, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

25. An in vitro method for activating AMPK, comprising contacting AMPK with a compound of general formula I described in any one of claims 1 to 19, or a derivative or analog thereof.

26. A method for treating or preventing a condition, disorder, or disease associated with type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and / or obesity, comprising the step of administering a composition according to any one of claims 20 to 24.

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