Structures
A multi-layer structure integrating reinforced concrete and steel frames with innovative connection methods addresses the challenge of creating large spaces, achieving robust support and efficient weight management in multi-story buildings.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- JP · JP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- OHBAYASHI GUMI LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-05
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-17
AI Technical Summary
In multi-layer structures, it is challenging to create large spaces using reinforced concrete due to its limitations in supporting large spans, while steel frames are more suitable but require innovative integration with reinforced concrete to achieve optimal structural support and fire resistance.
A multi-layer structure is designed with alternating layers of reinforced concrete and steel frame sections, incorporating connection structures that utilize threaded reinforcement bars and plates to integrate columns and beams, allowing for seamless transitions and enhanced support.
This approach enables the creation of large-span sections with reinforced concrete structures while leveraging steel's high strength per unit weight, supporting large-scale facilities like swimming pools or halls, maintaining structural integrity and minimizing weight increase.
Smart Images
Figure 2026098285000001_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This disclosure relates to a structure.
Background Art
[0002] Conventionally, reinforced concrete has been adopted as a material excellent in fire resistance and sound insulation for structures. Also, steel frames have been adopted as materials excellent in strength per unit weight for structures. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a column base structure for fixing a steel frame column to a foundation concrete.
Prior Art Documents
Patent Documents
[0003]
Patent Document 1
Summary of the Invention
Problems to be Solved by the Invention
[0004] For example, in a multi-layer structure, when trying to form a large space in a part of the second floor or higher, a column-beam structure that supports a large span according to the size of the space is required. In such a case, it is difficult to use reinforced concrete, and it is reasonable to use a steel frame structure.
Means for Solving the Problems
[0005] [[ID=!41]] A structure according to one aspect of this disclosure has a multi-layer structure in which a plurality of layers are arranged in the vertical direction, and in the plurality of layers, in a structure in which a space independent of other layers or a space continuous with other layers is provided respectively, a first floor portion having a reinforced concrete structure, a second floor portion continuous with the upper part of the first floor portion and having a steel frame structure, and a third floor portion continuous with the upper part of the second floor portion and having the reinforced concrete structure are provided.
Effects of the Invention
[0006] It should be noted that there seems to be a formatting issue with the tags in the original text. Some tags like are repeated multiple times without clear indication of their specific usage or meaning. Also, there are some tags that seem to be misspelled or have an exclamation mark added in the translation for no apparent reason (e.g., [[ID=!17]]). If possible, it would be beneficial to clarify the original text's tag usage and formatting for a more accurate translation.According to this disclosure, it is possible to rationally realize a structure in which a large-span section exists in part of a reinforced concrete structure. [Brief explanation of the drawing]
[0007] [Figure 1] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the entire structure and a magnified view of a part of it. [Figure 2] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing the first connection structure that connects the upper end of a reinforced concrete column to the lower end of a steel column. [Figure 3] Figure 3 schematically shows a second connection structure that connects the side end of a reinforced concrete beam to the side end of a steel beam. [Figure 4] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing the entire structure in the modified example. [Figure 5] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing the entire structure in the modified example. [Modes for carrying out the invention]
[0008] The following describes a structure relating to one aspect of this disclosure. <Structure> As shown in Figure 1, the structure 10 has a multi-story structure with multiple layers arranged vertically. The structure 10 has a first layer section 11 containing one or more layers, a second layer section 12 that is continuous with the upper part of the first layer section 11 and contains one or more layers, and a third layer section 13 that is continuous with the upper part of the second layer section 12 and contains one or more layers. For example, the structure 10 may be a building, structure, or structure. The structure of each layer section 11 to 13 includes columns and beams as structural elements. The structure of each layer section 11 to 13 may also include walls and floors as structural elements.
[0009] Hereafter, the vertical direction will be referred to as the Z direction, and the two directions perpendicular to the Z direction in a horizontal plane will be referred to as the X direction and the Y direction, respectively. In each direction, one direction will be indicated with a + sign, and the opposite direction will be indicated with a - sign. The +Z direction is upward, and the -Z direction is downward. Also, reinforced concrete will be referred to as RC (Reinforced Concrete), and steel will be referred to as S (Steel).
[0010] As an example, each floor section 11 and 13 is made of reinforced concrete (RC) and has RC structures 11f and 13f, respectively. The columns of each floor section 11 and 13 are RC columns 20. The RC columns 20 are not limited to being square columns, but may also be cylindrical. The beams of each floor section 11 and 13 are RC beams 30. In each floor section 11 and 13, some of the multiple beams may be steel beams 50. As an example, the second floor section 12 is made of steel (S) and has steel structures 12f. The columns of the second floor section 12 are steel columns 40. The steel columns 40 are not limited to being square columns, but may also be cylindrical. The beams of the second floor section 12 are steel beams 50. In the second floor section 12, some of the multiple beams may be RC beams 30. The steel columns 40 may be square steel pipes, round steel pipes, or H-shaped steel. The steel beam 50 may be a simply supported beam or a cantilevered beam, and may be a structural steel beam, a plate beam, a truss beam, or any other type of beam.
[0011] Each floor section 11 and 13 has a room space S1 formed within it, enclosed by RC columns 20, RC beams 30, floors, and walls. Each room space S1 is an independent space from the other floors. As an example, the room spaces S1 formed in each floor section 11 and 13 are used as living spaces.
[0012] In the first floor section 11, there are no floors from a specific floor, such as the lowest floor of the first floor section 11, down to the second floor section 12, forming a continuous space S2 that extends in the Z direction across multiple floors. The continuous space S2 is a space that is continuous with other floors, and is a so-called atrium structure.
[0013] In the third level section 13, there are no floors from the top floor of the second level section 12 (the bottom floor of the third level section 13) to a specific floor such as the top floor of the third level section 13, and a continuous space S3 is formed that extends in the Z direction across multiple levels. The continuous space S3 is a space that is continuous with other levels and is a so-called atrium structure.
[0014] Each of the continuous spaces S2 and S3 is preferably a closed space surrounded by walls when viewed from the Z direction. At least one of each of the continuous spaces S2 and S3 may be an open space with walls positioned on both sides in the X direction, while there are no walls positioned on both sides in the Y direction.
[0015] The second tier 12 has multiple levels. For example, the second tier 12 has the lowest level, the first level 12a, the intermediate level, the second level 12b, and the uppermost level, the third level 12c. The second tier 12 may include four or more levels, or it may include a single level. A room space S1 is formed in each level of the second tier 12. For example, the S column 40 of the third level 12c is longer than the columns that constitute a room space S1 independent of the other levels 12b and 12c.
[0016] For example, in the second level section 12, a large-scale space S4 is formed that spans multiple levels 12b, 12c and has a larger total floor area than the room space S1. For example, the length in the X direction is longer for the large-scale space S4 than for the room space S1. For example, a large-scale facility 12F is provided in the large-scale space S4. For example, the large-scale facility 12F is a swimming pool. However, it is not limited to this, and the large-scale facility 12F may be a hall for music or lectures, a sports facility, or an amusement facility. For example, the large-scale space S4 is a space continuous with the continuous space S3 of the third level section 13 and forms an atrium structure. However, it is not limited to this, and the large-scale space S4 and the continuous space S3 may be separated by the ceiling of the uppermost floor in the second level section 12 or the floor of the lowest floor in the third level section. The large-scale space S4 is preferably a closed space surrounded by walls when viewed from the Z direction. The large space S4 may be an open space with walls positioned on both sides in the X direction, while no walls are positioned on either side in the Y direction.
[0017] One or more S beams 50 of the structural parts of each floor section 11, 12 extend above the continuous space S2, straddling the continuous space S2 horizontally (for example, in the X direction). For example, the upper floors, such as the top floor of the first floor section 11, may have a ceiling over the continuous space S2. In this case, the beam supporting the ceiling is an S beam 50a (see Figure 3). The S beam 50a is positioned to connect the RC beam 30 on the +X direction side and the RC beam 30 on the -X direction side, with the continuous space S2 in between. The S beam 50a is stretched between two RC columns 20. The S beam 50a may also be stretched between two S columns 40. For example, the S beam 50a may be a structural steel beam.
[0018] In the second - level part 12, a ceiling may be provided in the third - level 12c. In this case, the beam supporting the ceiling may be the S - beam 50. This S - beam 50 may be arranged to connect the RC - beam 30 on the +X - direction side and the RC - beam 30 on the -X - direction side across the large - scale space S4. The S - beam 50 is spanned between two RC - columns 20. The S - beam 50 may also be spanned between two S - columns 40. As an example, the S - beam 50 may be a steel - shaped beam.
[0019] As an example, the beam supporting the floor of the second - level 12b etc. is the S - beam 50b. The S - beam 50b is arranged to span the S - beam 50 on the +X - direction side and the S - beam 50 on the -X - direction side across the large - scale space S4. As an example, the S - beam 50b is a truss beam. The S - beam 50b is spanned between two S - columns 40. The S - beam 50b may also be spanned between two RC - columns 20. The S - beam 50b supports the structural part 12S having a support structure composed of a steel frame. The structural part 12S supports the floor of the large - scale space S4 and the large - scale space facility 12F.
[0020] <Connection structure> The connection structure 60 for connecting the first structural part and the second structural part of the structure will be described. As an example, the connection structure 60 includes a first connection structure 60a for connecting the RC - column 20 and the S - column 40, and a second connection structure 60b for connecting the RC - beam 30 and the S - beam 50. Note that the connection structures between RC - columns 20, between RC - beams 30, between S - columns 40, and between S - beams 50 are well - known configurations, so detailed descriptions thereof are omitted.
[0021] The first connection structure 60a will be described. As shown in FIG. 2, the first connection structure 60a connects the upper end of the RC - column 20 and the lower end of the S - column 40. The RC - column 20 is an example of the first structural part constituting the RC - structure 11f of the first - level part 11. The S - column 40 is an example of the second structural part constituting the S - structure 12f of the second - level part 12.
[0022] The RC column 20 is constructed by embedding multiple main reinforcement bars 21 and multiple stirrups 22 in concrete Cn. Each main reinforcement bar 21 is a threaded reinforcing bar that extends along the Z direction within the RC column 20. Each main reinforcement bar 21 of the RC column 20 penetrates the joint 61 along the Z direction and protrudes in the +Z direction from the upper end surface 61a of the joint 61. The upper end surface 61a of the joint 61 is the upper end of the RC column 20. The portion of each main reinforcement bar 21 that protrudes from the upper end surface 61a of the joint 61 is the protruding portion 21a.
[0023] The RC beam 30 is constructed by embedding multiple main beam reinforcements 31 and multiple stirrups 32 in concrete Cn. Each main beam reinforcement 31 is a threaded reinforcing bar that extends within the RC beam 30 along the X or Y direction. When RC beams 30 are provided on both sides of a joint 61 in the Y direction, each main beam reinforcement 31 should extend from the RC beam 30 on the -Y direction side, through the joint 61, and continue to the RC beam 30 on the +Y direction side.
[0024] Furthermore, when the RC beam 30 is installed on one side of the joint 61 in the X direction (for example, in the -X direction), it is preferable to embed the base ends of each of the multiple beam main reinforcements 31 within the joint 61. Each beam main reinforcement 31 is a threaded reinforcing bar that extends along the X direction within the RC beam 30. In this case, it is preferable to attach nuts 33 to the base ends of each beam main reinforcement 31.
[0025] When viewed from the Z direction, the joint 61 intersects with multiple beam main reinforcements 31 extending along the X direction and multiple beam main reinforcements 31 extending along the Y direction. Also, when viewed from the X or Y direction, multiple beam main reinforcements 31 intersect with multiple column main reinforcements 21. The RC beam 30 may be provided on one side of the joint 61 in the Y direction. The RC beam 30 may be provided on both sides of the joint 61 in the X direction.
[0026] A plate 42 is fixed to the lower end of the S column 40. The plate 42 is located on the upper end surface 61a of the joint 61. When viewed from the Z direction, the plate 42 is sized and shaped to cover all the positions where the multiple column main reinforcements 21 are arranged. When viewed from the Z direction, the shape and size of the plate 42 may be the same as, or smaller than, the shape and size of the RC column 20 when assumed to be cut in the XY plane. Multiple through holes 43 are formed in the plate 42, penetrating along the Z direction. A protruding portion 21a of the column main reinforcement 21 is inserted through each through hole 43. A plate nut 44 is screwed onto each protruding portion 21a. In other words, the protruding portion 21a and the plate 42 are fastened together. Non-shrink mortar 45 is filled between the upper end surface 61a of the joint 61 and the plate 42.
[0027] The second connection structure 60b will now be described. The second connecting structure 60b connects the side end of the RC beam 30 to the side end of the S beam 50a. The RC beam 30 is an example of a first structural element that constitutes the RC structure 11f of the first floor section 11. The S beam 50a is an example of a second structural element that constitutes the steel structure portion of the structure of the first floor section 11.
[0028] As shown in Figure 3, when RC columns 20 are provided both above and below the joint 61, the main reinforcement bars 21 of each RC column 20 should extend from the RC column 20 on the -Z side through the joint 61 along the Z direction and continue to the RC column 20 on the +Z side. In this case, the main reinforcement bars 21 of each RC column 20 extending on the +Z side of the joint 61 should be connected to the protruding portion 21a using a joint 25.
[0029] Each main reinforcement bar 31 of the RC beam 30, located on the -X side of the joint 61, penetrates the joint 61 along the X direction and protrudes in the +X direction from the side end face 61b of the joint 61. The side end face 61b of the joint 61 is the side end of the RC beam 30. Of each main reinforcement bar 31, the portion that protrudes from the side end face 61b of the joint 61 is the protruding portion 31a.
[0030] A plate 42 is fixed to the side end of the S beam 50a. The plate 42 is located on the side end face 61b of the joint 61. The plate 42 is sized and shaped to cover all the positions where the main reinforcement bars 31 of the beam are arranged when viewed from the direction in which the RC beam 30 to be connected extends (in this case, the X direction). The plate 42 has a plurality of through holes 43 that penetrate along the X direction. A protruding portion 31a of the main reinforcement bar 31 of the beam is inserted through each through hole 43. A plate nut 44 is screwed onto each protruding portion 31a. In other words, the protruding portion 31a and the plate 42 are fastened together. Non-shrink mortar 45 is filled between the plate 42 and the side end face 61b of the joint 61.
[0031] <Mechanism of Action and Effects> The operation and effects of this embodiment will now be described. (1) A second floor section 12 made of steel was provided between the first floor section 11 made of reinforced concrete and the third floor section 13 made of reinforced concrete. Steel has a higher strength per unit weight compared to reinforced concrete. Therefore, it can support structures with large spans in sections of two floors or more.
[0032] (2) A large space S4 is provided in the second floor section 12, which is made of steel. In such cases, a large span structure can be realized by making the second floor section 12 of steel. (3) A large-scale facility 12F will be provided in the large-scale space S4. Therefore, the value of structure 10 can be increased.
[0033] (4) The S beam 50b extending across the continuous space S2 is a truss beam and supports the large-scale space facility 12F. Therefore, sufficient strength to support the large-scale space facility 12F can be obtained while keeping the weight increase to a minimum.
[0034] (5) Even if the large-scale facility on the 12th floor is a heavy swimming pool, the steel beam 50b is a truss beam, so it has high strength per unit weight and can adequately support it while suppressing the increase in its own weight. (6) The main reinforcement bars 21 and 31 of the first structural section, which is made of reinforced concrete, are threaded reinforcing bars and protrude from the joint 61, so they can also be used as anchor bolts for connecting to the plate 42 fixed to the second structural section, which is made of steel. Therefore, there is no need to enlarge the joint 61 or reduce the number of anchor bolts in order to install the anchor bolts. Thus, connections can be made easily.
[0035] <Example of changes> The above embodiment can be implemented with the following modifications. The above embodiment and the following modifications can be combined with each other to the extent that they do not contradict each other technically.
[0036] As shown in Figure 4, the first level section 11 may have multiple continuous spaces S2 partitioned by floors on one or more levels. Of the one or more continuous spaces S2, the floor S2a of some or all of the continuous spaces S2 may be an integral floor with the floor S1a of the room space S1. Similarly, the third level section 13 may have multiple continuous spaces S3 partitioned by floors on one or more levels.
[0037] As shown in Figure 5, the first floor section 11 may have floors in some or all of its floors that do not form a continuous space S2 by providing a floor for each of the multiple consecutive floors. In other words, the first floor section 11 may have an open atrium structure in part, or it may not have an open atrium structure throughout. Similarly, the third floor section 13 may have floors that do not form a continuous space S3 by providing a floor for each of the multiple consecutive floors.
[0038] - Of the multiple main beam reinforcements 31 of the RC beam 30 to be connected, some of the main beam reinforcements 31 may also be used as anchor bolts. For example, the main beam reinforcements 31 as upper beam reinforcements may also be used as anchor bolts. On the other hand, if the main beam reinforcements 31 as lower beam reinforcements are not used as anchor bolts, it is advisable to provide multiple anchor bolts. The connection structure 60 connecting the RC column 20 and the S column 40 may also be modified so that some of the multiple column reinforcements 21 of the RC column 20 are used as anchor bolts. The size and shape of the plate 42 will differ depending on the shape of the S column 40 or S beam 50.
[0039] The connection structure 60 may be configured to connect the lower end of the RC column 20 to the upper end of the S column 40. Each floor section 11 and 13 may be made of steel-reinforced concrete (SRC). In other words, the term RC structure is not limited to being made of RC, but includes being made of SRC. The columns of each floor section 11 and 13 may be SRC columns. The beams of each floor section 11 and 13 may be SRC beams. For example, an SRC column may be constructed by embedding a steel frame extending along the Z direction in the RC column 20 described above, at a position surrounded by multiple main reinforcement bars 21. For example, an SRC beam may be constructed by embedding a steel frame extending along the horizontal direction in the RC beam 30 described above, at a position surrounded by multiple main reinforcement bars 31.
[0040] If the RC beam 30 and S beam 50 to be connected are arranged in the same direction, other beams connected to the same joint 61 as these beams 30 and 50 are not limited to extending in a direction perpendicular to these beams 30 and 50.
[0041] The RC columns 20 and RC beams 30 may be precast RC columns. In other words, the creation of the protrusions 21a and the formation of the protrusions 31a are not limited to being done at the construction site of the structure 10, but may be done at a factory different from the construction site.
[0042] The first layer 11 does not necessarily have to have a continuous space S2. The third layer 13 does not necessarily have to have a continuous space S3. [Explanation of Symbols]
[0043] Cn...Concrete, S1...Room space, S2, S3...Continuous space, S4...Large-scale space, 10...Structure, 11...First floor, 11f...Reinforced concrete (RC) structure, 12...Second floor, 12a...First floor, 12b...Second floor, 12c...Third floor, 12f...Steel (S) structure, 12F...Large-scale space facility, 12S...Structural part, 13...Third floor, 13f...Reinforced concrete (RC) structure, 20...RC Column, 21...Main column reinforcement, 21a...Protruding part, 22...Tie reinforcement, 25...Joint, 30...RC beam, 31...Main beam reinforcement, 31a...Protruding part, 32...Stirrups, 33...Nut, 40...S column, 42...Plate, 43...Through hole, 44...Plate nut, 45...Non-shrink mortar, 50, 50a, 50b...S beam, 60...Connecting structure, 60a...First connecting structure, 60b...Second connecting structure, 61...Joint, 61a...Upper end face, 61b...Side end face.
Claims
1. In a structure having a multi-story structure in which multiple levels are arranged vertically, and each of the multiple levels is provided with a space that is independent of the other levels or a space that is continuous with the other levels, A structure comprising: a first floor having a reinforced concrete structure; a second floor continuous with the upper part of the first floor and having a steel frame structure; and a third floor continuous with the upper part of the second floor and having the reinforced concrete structure.
2. The structure according to claim 1, wherein the connection structure between the first structural part constituting the reinforced concrete structure and the second structural part constituting the steel frame structure comprises a protruding portion from which the threaded reinforcing bars, which are the main reinforcement of the first structural part, protrude from the end of the first structural part, and a plate to which the second structural part is fixed, and the protruding portion and the plate are fastened together.
3. The first layer has a continuous space that spans multiple layers, which are part or all of the multiple layers that the first layer has, The structure according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein one or more beams among the structural parts constituting the steel frame structure of the second layer extend across the continuous space.