Firearms analysis device

Abstract

We provide not only a firearm analysis device for determining parameters indicating a firearm from shots fired from a weapon, but also corresponding methods, corresponding firearms, and computer program products. [Solution] This device comprises a voltage generation unit that generates an AC voltage (Ue) during the counter-recoil movement and / or recoil movement of a movable weapon component that occurs during firing. This device generates a measurement signal (IN) from the generated AC voltage (Ue). + It is characterized by a signal processing unit that generates signals, a signal evaluation unit that determines a first time point and a second time point during the counter-recoil movement and / or recoil movement of the movable weapon part, and a time determination unit that determines the time period between the first time point and the second time point.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This patent application claims the benefit and priority of German Patent Application No. 10 2021 104 517.7, filed on February 25, 2021, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] The present disclosure relates to firearms, more specifically, to firearm analysis devices.

Background Art

[0003] In this application, positional designations such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc. refer to a firearm having a horizontally arranged aiming axis and held in a normal firing position where it fires forward away from the shooter.

[0004] Methods are known for recording whether a shot has been fired from a firearm and thereby using a shot counter to count the shots fired from the firearm. In particular, shot counters that utilize electrical signals to count the number of shots fired are known. This signal consists of a voltage induced by a magnetic coil arrangement attached to the weapon when a shot is fired.

[0005] U.S. Patent No. 8,046,946 B2 (Packer Engineering) describes a shot counter device for a firearm that includes a specific solenoid coil arrangement. In this case, the coil is formed by a continuous winding having reverse loops on a non-magnetizable element, whereby the induced voltage of adjacent magnetizable coil elements is added. Thus, with this configuration, the field current induced by a sweeping movable bar magnet accumulates and is added until the maximum rectified total current is reached. The resulting signal functions as a basis for determining the number of shots fired.

[0006] European Patent No. 3140605 B1 (Heckler & Koch GmbH) discloses an example of an exemplary battery-free shot counter with a solenoid coil arrangement in which an alternating polarized permanent magnet sweeps a coil with a soft magnetic core during the recoil and counter-recoil movement of the breech. The coil winding surrounds a soft magnetic tine-shaped core or one of its tines. Unlike the coil described in U.S. Patent No. 8,046,946 B2 (Parker Engineering), this coil does not exhibit a reversal loop. In this case, since tines are used, that is, when the permanent magnet sweeps the coil, a magnetic field rather than a voltage is applied. Next, the permanent magnet generates a series of voltage pulses with reverse voltage amplification, that is, an (unapplied) AC voltage. Based on the additional phase information thus obtained, this signal makes it possible to distinguish not only the number of shots fired but also the counter-recoil and recoil movement of the breech.

[0007] For example, using the information of a known shot counter, conclusions about the wear of a firearm can be drawn based on the information obtained regarding the firing of the firearm or the information obtained from a known shot counter.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0008]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0009] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a view showing a part of a firearm equipped with a voltage generation unit. [Figure 2a] FIG. 2a is a view showing a full voltage signal in an induction coil when the breech slide of a firearm moves backward with respect to the voltage generation unit. [Figure 2b]Figure 2b shows the complete voltage signal in the induction coil when the breech slide of the firearm moves forward relative to the voltage generating unit. [Figure 2c] Figure 2c shows the voltage waveform in the induction coil with the complete signal when the firearm is fired, in a voltage generation unit with a breech return signal and a breech advance signal. [Figure 3a] Figure 3a shows the arrangement of magnets and coils for generating a usable voltage. [Figure 3b] Figure 3b shows the arrangement of magnets and coils for generating a usable voltage. [Figure 3c] Figure 3c shows the arrangement of magnets and coils to generate a usable voltage. [Figure 3d] Figure 3d shows the arrangement of magnets and coils to generate a usable voltage. [Figure 4] Figure 4 shows a circuit for generating, processing, and evaluating signals. [Figure 5] Figure 5 shows a circuit diagram for generating, processing, and evaluating signals, where a drone circuit is used for signal processing. [Figure 6] Figure 6 shows a drone circuit. [Figure 7] Figure 7 shows the sequence of measurement signals and reference signals, as well as the first and second time points, and an example of digitization of the measurement signals. [Figure 8a] Figure 8a shows the uniqueness of digital measurement signals. [Figure 8b] Figure 8b shows the uniqueness of the digital measurement signal. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0010] All diagrams use the same reference symbols throughout for the same or similar elements. This allows the explanation in one diagram to be applied to others with necessary modifications.

[0011] This disclosure relates to a firearm, more specifically, a firearm analysis device, a firearm analysis device for determining parameters indicating a shot fired from a firearm, and a corresponding firearm analysis method for determining parameters indicating a shot fired from a firearm by such a firearm analysis device. This disclosure also includes a firearm including a firearm analysis device. Furthermore, this disclosure also includes a computer program product which includes computer-readable instructions for performing some of the method steps.

[0012] The firearm analysis devices described below are essentially suited for analyzing and counting shots, which are the movements of firing and other firearm components. For example, the movement of the breech during manual loading or unloading of a firearm can also be detected, analyzed, and, if necessary, counted.

[0013] During the analysis, indicator parameters are determined regarding the movement of firearms, particularly their components. These include parameters such as the number of shots fired, the date and time of firing, the duration of firing, and the speed, acceleration, and time interval of the firearm components' movement. Furthermore, cadence and firing mode (continuous firing, single firing) can be determined.

[0014] Firearms can be, for example, short weapons or long weapons. Within the scope of the following description, the breech block, breech mechanism, and slide serve as examples of weapon parts that move during firing, while the grip or weapon housing elements serve as examples of stationary weapon parts. In principle, all weapon parts that move relative to each other when a shot is fired are available to generate signals. In particular, this includes parts that move on the one hand when the weapon is loaded or during other equivalent events, while on the other hand remain stationary relative to them. In this regard, the parameters to be determined also provide specific information about each moving weapon part, so that the firearm analysis device can also function as a sensor for data about corresponding weapon parts, such as the slide.

[0015] In the described example, the voltage generating unit may have alternating polarity permanent magnets arranged in a row on a moving part of the firearm, such as the slide or breech. Thus, as the moving part moves forward or backward, the permanent magnets move at the ends of their alternating poles in a path to a stationary coil with a soft magnetic core, for example, located in the grip of the firearm. The permanent magnets pass through the coil in sequence, thereby inducing an alternating voltage signal due to their alternating polarity.

[0016] An example of a possible voltage generating unit will first be described using the example of a shot counter described in European Patent No. 3140605B1 (Heckler & Koch GmbH) and shown in Figure 1.

[0017] Therefore, the voltage generating unit 110 shown comprises, for example, a first magnetic pole 113, a second magnetic pole 111, and a coil 114. Thus, the first and second magnetic poles 111, 113 are arranged in sequence to have opposite polarities to each other and move along a path to the coil 114 in accordance with the shot being fired. In doing so, the first and second magnetic poles 111, 113 pass through the coil in succession so as to induce voltages of opposite signs in the coil in succession, respectively, during recoil or counter-recoil movement. The first and second magnetic poles 113, 111 are located here within the slide 120 of the firearm 100. The soft magnetic core and coil 114 are located in the grip 130. The soft magnetic core consists of three prongs, and the coil 114 is wound around the central prong.

[0018] More generally, any arrangement of two or more alternatingly polarized permanent magnets is suitable. In particular, the arrangement consists of an even number of 2N permanent magnets. Multiple coils may also be present, and the coils / multiple coils may exhibit other shapes.

[0019] The arrangement of an even number of permanent magnets induces two distinct voltage waveforms with opposite voltage amplification as the slide moves back and forth. Figures 2a and 2b show examples of such voltage characteristics (Figures 2a and 2b, respectively) during recoil and reverse recoil, in the case of two permanent magnets and a coil with a soft magnetic core.

[0020] Figure 2a shows the voltage waveform U(t) over time between the terminals of the first and second coils during a slide recoil caused by a shot emission. The voltage value U0 is measurable before the first or second magnet moves into the region of coil 114. When the first magnet 113 enters the region of the central prong of the coil core, the magnetic field changes in that region, inducing a first voltage swing U1. Subsequently, when the second magnet 111 enters the region of the central tine of the coil core, the magnetic field reverses by 180°, thereby inducing a second voltage swing U2. Due to the reversal of polarity, its course is opposite to that of the first voltage swing U1, and because the relative change in field intensity is large, its amplification is significantly larger than that of the first voltage swing U1. In the example shown, the amplification of the second voltage swing U2 is at least 1.5 times greater than that of the first voltage swing U1. As soon as the magnet leaves the region of the central prong of the coil core, the magnetic field at the central prong weakens. This new change in the magnetic field causes a third voltage swing, U3. However, since the reversal of polarity is not associated with the weakening, the amplification of the third voltage swing, U3, is much smaller than the amplification of the second voltage swing, U2. In the example shown, the amplification of the second voltage swing, U2, is at least 1.5 times that of the amplification of the third voltage swing, U3. After the third voltage swing, U3, the voltage returns to its permanent voltage value, U0.

[0021] The voltage curve U(t) also shows that the voltage swings of U01 and U30 are small. The first, smaller voltage swing of U01 occurs when the first magnet 113 passes the front tine without a coil winding. The second, smaller voltage swing of U30 occurs when the second magnet 111 passes the rear tine without a coil winding.

[0022] The voltage curves induced during the reverse reaction movement are very similar, but their signs are reversed. This is shown by the corresponding voltage values ​​for U0, U4, U5, U6, U04, and U60 in Figure 2b.

[0023] In addition to the sign, the signals from the recoil and reverse recoil also differ quantitatively in terms of the magnitude and duration of the amplification. This can be seen, for example, in Figure 2c. The signal resulting from the slide recoil is seen in a first time range, t1, and the signal resulting from the slide reverse recoil is seen in a second, later time range, t2. Thus, as can be seen here, in this case t1 is shorter than t2. This is due to the fact that the slide recoil movement directly caused by firing occurs faster than the reverse recoil movement caused by the slide spring. A faster recoil also provides a faster correction in the magnetic field, which in turn provides a higher induced voltage. Thus, the voltage value U2 is also higher than the voltage value U5.

[0024] Such induced signals can then be fed for analysis to a signal evaluation unit, for example, a microcontroller. Prior to this, the signals may be further processed and / or preprocessed in one or more signal processing units, such as filter circuits, rectifier circuits, or amplifier circuits.

[0025] Furthermore, if three or more solenoids 111, 113 are used, the signal can be extended accordingly. Longer signals can be amplified, for example, by a voltage accumulation circuit. Then, the corresponding long-lasting, strong signal can be used to supply voltage to additional components such as an electronic paper display.

[0026] Due to the manufacturing process, various distances can exist between moving and stationary weapon components during transit. These distances also vary from weapon to weapon. Since magnetic field strength changes with the square of the distance, signal strengths will vary significantly due to these tolerances. This can pose a problem for reliable shot detection. For example, establishing a general signal threshold can be difficult due to signal variability. And, for instance, due to the aforementioned signal variability, actually implementing a general tolerance setting for the signal threshold to determine possible shot release or manual through-load is challenging. In addition to variability, the signal may be too weak overall due to excessively long distances. Therefore, ultimately, it is necessary to reduce signal variability and / or dynamically determine the required threshold, i.e., to account for individual signal variability. In addition, or perhaps independently of this, it is always necessary to ensure that the measured signal is strong enough for a meaningful measurement.

[0027] Theoretically, permanent sliding contacts or spring-type contact signal generating elements can be used. They keep these tolerances, which are precisely reflected in the signal strength as the square of the distance between the permanent core and the coil core, sufficiently constant and low. However, in practice, this requires considerable additional design work.

[0028] One advantageous manufacturing solution for increasing the induced voltage is to arrange several rows of permanent magnets in parallel, i.e., adjacent to one another. In particular, 2N permanent magnets can be utilized. In this case, the coil with the triangular soft magnetic core, already described in Figure 1, is rotated by 90°. If the arrangement of the signal-generating magnets as shown in Figure 1 becomes difficult due to, for example, a large or different distance between the signal-generating magnet and the coil caused by the equipment, the magnets can be assembled in several parallel rows with alternating polarity in the moving parts of the shot counter device.

[0029] Figures 3a–3d show several examples of coil arrangements with a triangular magnetizable core and rows of alternatingly polarized permanent magnets. By extending the rows with additional soft magnets, the signal can be amplified and extended. For example, if an induced voltage is also used to operate a signal evaluation unit such as a microcontroller, as described in European Patent No. 3140605B1 (Heckler & Koch GmbH), the duration of the available operating voltage depends on the number of magnets arranged in series. The more magnets arranged in series, the longer the signal duration, which in turn increases the duration of the operating voltage available for signal processing.

[0030] Figure 3a schematically shows four alternatingly polarized permanent magnets 301-304 arranged in series and sweeping over a coil with a three-pronged core. Tines 321-323 are arranged horizontally. Each rectangle represents one tine 321-323 when viewed from above. The magnets sweep the coil in the direction of the arrows. By arranging the magnets in a line, the inductive signal is extended but not yet amplified.

[0031] Figure 3b schematically shows an arrangement where rows of permanent magnets are arranged vertically, i.e., parallel to each other. In this example, there are a total of 12 permanent magnets 301-312, with alternating polarities in both the horizontal and vertical directions. Here, a coil with a three-pronged core is rotated 90°, and prongs 321-323 are arranged vertically. The tines of the core are swept simultaneously by each of the three magnets. This increases the field strength of the magnetic field generated in the core. This also increases the voltage induced in the coil, thereby increasing the signal strength. In this way, the distance between the permanent magnets and the coil can be increased without the signal becoming too weak.

[0032] Figures 3c and 3d schematically show variations of the arrangement shown in Figure 3b, each featuring only two rows and eight permanent magnets, respectively.

[0033] The specific arrangement of permanent magnets can also be used to identify weapon components in or above where they are located. For example, different breech systems can be coded, allowing them to be identified by the corresponding selection of permanent magnets and the length of the permanent magnet arrangement. For example, FX or UTM training breech systems differ from standard live-fire breech systems in that the breeches are different and used for realistic practice with paint-marked ammunition. These can have, for example, longer or shorter arrays of permanent magnets. For example, a standard slide may contain four permanent magnets, while a training slide may contain five or six. Another technique for distinguishing this is to use magnets of varying sizes and intensities and code different closures on them. Both approaches can also be combined. For example, using an odd number of magnets, such as 2N+1, an additional (2N+1)th magnet could be selected to be much smaller or weaker, or its distance from the preceding magnet could not be matched to the distance between the other magnets. The signal of this magnet can be recognized as a whole signal, so even with an odd number of magnets, counter-recoil and recoil movement can be distinguished. In microcontrollers used for signal evaluation, these slide codes can then be stored accordingly for recognition and evaluation.

[0034] In addition to the measurement signal, for example, a dynamic threshold signal can be generated, which is thus dependent on the passage of time and individual shapes, thus enabling the generation of an embedded reference signal. This and other embodiments of the example are described below.

[0035] Figure 4 shows the measurement voltage IN supplied to the signal evaluation unit 420. + and an optional additional reference voltage V inA block diagram of an exemplary circuit for generating the signal is shown. In this case, the AC voltage of Ue is inductively generated by the voltage generation unit 401, in this example by a coil. The measurement signal and reference signal are generated in the signal processing unit 410. The signal processing unit 410 may consist only of an ADC and a rectifier circuit for rectifying the voltage, and / or may consist of further elements. For example, utilizing a rectifier may result in the measurement signal IN + It can be half-wave rectified, and the reference signal V in This means that the signal can be rectified. Next, the ADC can generate signals from IN+ and Vin that can be processed for the signal evaluation unit 420, and these signals can be evaluated in the signal evaluation unit 420.

[0036] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 4, one or more time determination units 450 can be provided. One or more time determination units 450 can be used to measure the elapsed time between different points in time.

[0037] In one example, one of the timing units might have an internal or external cycle source, such as a timer. This allows the timer to count cycles and recognize the time intervals between individual cycles. Time can then be calculated from this.

[0038] One of the timing units may also include a capacitor that discharges in a manner defined across the entire load. In this case, the capacitor discharges the AC voltage U generated during the reaction movement and / or reverse reaction movement. eThrough each shot signal, it is electrically charged, then rectified, and discharged in a defined manner through a load, such as a resistor. Thereby, even when the signal evaluation unit 420 no longer has an available operating voltage, the capacitor discharges continuously across the entire load. After a shot is fired and as soon as the supply voltage is supplied again, the signal evaluation unit 420 measures the voltage in the capacitor by means of an analog-to-digital converter and evaluates it. Thereby, the time interval / time period is estimated by the degree of discharge of the capacitor or the voltage of the capacitor.

[0039] In addition thereto, the output voltage U e is used to generate a supply voltage V cc for operating the signal evaluation unit 420 and the time calculation unit 450.

[0040] FIG. 5 shows an example in which the signal processing unit 410 for rectification comprises a voltage doubler circuit, in particular a signal doubling circuit, in particular a drone circuit.

[0041] FIG. 6 shows such a drone circuit 600. The drone circuit consists of two diodes D1 and D2 (a one-way rectifier circuit) and two capacitors C1 and C2 with a load (not shown) connected downstream. Here, when an AC signal with a time limit (for example, a signal induced during the firing of a shot) U e is coupled to the drone circuit, the following occurs.

[0042] Diode D1 generates a pulsating DC voltage from the positive half-wave of the AC voltage signal U e . Diode D2 generates a pulsating DC voltage from the negative half-wave of the AC voltage signal. The reverse voltage of the two diodes D1 and D2 needs to be at least twice the peak value of the combined AC voltage signal. Thereby, the two capacitors C1 and C2 are approximately the AC voltage signal U eThey are alternately charged up to the peak value. The rectified voltage U at the outputs of the two diodes D1 and D2 must be at least twice the peak value of the coupled AC voltage signal. In that case, the rectified voltage U at the output of the drone circuit a This is approximately twice the peak value of the coupled AC voltage signal under no-load conditions.

[0043] Returning to Figure 5, when the coil is swept by the 401 alternating polarization permanent magnet, the AC voltage U e This is induced. Below, the AC voltage U is defined as U that can be directly measured in coil 401. e The signal is called the base signal / output signal IN0. The qualitative curve of IN0 is shown in plot 531. Then the measured signal IN + and reference signal V in However, it is generated from IN in the signal processing unit 410. + and V in The qualitative progress is shown in plots 533 and 535. In addition, in this example, the operating voltage V540 is used to operate the signal evaluation unit 420. cc A linear regulator is used to generate it.

[0044] Reference signal V in To generate the signal, the voltage is tapped through both diodes D511 and D512. This corresponds to the sum of the voltages applied to capacitors C511 and C512, which theoretically increases with each half-wave until both capacitors are fully charged. Thus, the base signal IN0 is rectified in the usual way in the drone circuit and applied. The voltage theoretically doubles. However, in practice, when passing through each of diodes D511 and D512, there is then a diode-dependent voltage loss ΔU, for example, 0.3V. Thus, the voltage of the signal remaining after passing through the drone circuit decreases by 2 × ΔU, in this case, for example, 0.6V. Reference signal V in This voltage can be further reduced by a voltage divider following the drone circuit.

[0045] Measurement signal IN + To generate the pulsating signal IN0, in this example, the basic signal IN0 is half-wave rectified in the signal processing unit 41, thereby allowing for additional subsequent signal processing steps before or after this. + However, this means that it is generated from an AC voltage signal IN0 that includes only half-waves with negative or positive voltage amplification. For example, as shown in Figure 5, only the voltage applied to diode D512 is the measured signal IN + It is tapped for this purpose. Therefore, the voltage exists only for the negative half-wave, but there is no voltage for the positive half-wave because diode D512 switches to forward flow. This adds the half-wave rectified measurement signal IN through capacitors C511 and C512. + This is generated. + Since it is tapped at only one diode, namely D512, the voltage during the negative half-wave is the reference signal V tapped across both diodes. in The voltage becomes greater than the measured signal IN. + The voltage can be reduced to a lower voltage by a voltage divider, which is not shown here. In this case as well, the ratio of the resistances of the voltage divider is the signal IN + However, in order to ensure that it is within the voltage range detectable by the ADC, + The peak value of the supply voltage V cc We need to make sure that it doesn't get any bigger.

[0046] In this example, the voltage tapped across the two diodes D511 and D512, and / or across the two capacitors C511 and C512, is also controlled by a linear regulator, resulting in an operating voltage V cc For example, it is adjusted to 540 for 3.3V. Next, V cc This is used, in particular, to operate signal evaluation units that may be equipped with a microcontroller. cc However, as soon as the voltage exceeds the voltage required for the operation of the signal evaluation unit, such as 1.8V, the signal evaluation unit becomes active and the voltage IN + and Vin This measurement is performed, for example, via the internal analog-to-digital converter (ADC) of the signal evaluation unit.

[0047] V is used to detect the movement of the breech. cc There is a voltage interval. After this interval, the power generated, which continues even after detection is complete, is used to operate the signal evaluation unit and its associated equipment until all specified shot analysis functions are completed.

[0048] The length of this interval is determined by the time it takes for the signal evaluation unit 420 to receive enough energy to begin sampling and evaluating the signal, and the time it takes for the measured signal to reliably fall below the reference signal. This point is reached when the time interval between the lower and upper amplification limits, i.e., the edge width between these amplification positions, exceeds a certain time period (for example, a period exceeding twice the two maximum edge widths).

[0049] As mentioned above, V in When it passes through a voltage divider, V in The peak value of the supply voltage V cc The ratio of the resistors in the voltage divider must be selected so that it does not exceed V. For example, to sample a signal, V in However, it ensures that the voltage is within the range detectable by the ADC of the signal evaluation unit 420, for example.

[0050] Here, Figure 7 shows, for example, the timing of the counter-recoil or recoil of the weapon's breech, using the measurement signal IN + and reference signal V in The graph illustrates how the comparison is used. In principle, in the procedure described, the measurement signal only needs to oscillate and does not necessarily need to be half-wave rectified, as shown in Figure 7. Therefore, the measurement signal can, in principle, consist of half-waves with both negative and positive half-waves.

[0051] The points t701~t706 and t711~t714 shown in Figure 7 are determined as follows.

[0052] At times t701, t703, and t705, the measurement signal IN + The reference signal V in The threshold voltage is greater than zero. In the signal waveform shown in Figure 7, this corresponds to the point where the initially small measurement signal intersects with the initially large reference signal. At times t702, t704, and t706, the measurement signal is below the reference signal, or a threshold voltage U0 derived from the reference signal. In the signal characteristics shown in Figure 7, this then corresponds to the point where the initially large measurement signal intersects with the initially small reference signal. Furthermore, times t711 to t714 are determined, during which the measurement signal is less than and / or equal to an additional predetermined threshold. In the signal waveform shown in Figure 7, the threshold is zero, times t711 and t713 correspond to the point where the initially large measurement signal becomes zero, and times t712 and t714 correspond to the point where the measurement signal becomes greater than zero.

[0053] As a result, the threshold voltage U0 functions as a predetermined threshold, and in all cases, it is less than or equal to the minimum value of the reference signal.

[0054] The time interval between two points in time, and / or the elapsed time period (time segment period) of a time segment defined by the first and second points in time, can be determined by using one of the time determination units 450 described above.

[0055] For example, the transit time, i.e., the temporal transit length of the determined signal, can be determined. For example, a first time point t701 can be selected, which is each moment when the measured signal, i.e., the first amplification of this signal, is greater than the reference signal at the initial time, and a second time point t706 can be selected, which is the moment when it is definitely lower than the reference signal and remains so. Thus, the time difference between these two time points gives the transit time described above. Alternatively, for example, the above V where the detection of slide movement takes place. ccA second time point t706 can also be determined, as in the case of the voltage interval, and / or, the first time point t701 can be defined, for example, by the time when the operating voltage becomes greater than the voltage value required for the operation of the signal evaluation unit. Measurement signal IN + The AC voltage U that is generated e If the length of the path through which the reaction occurs is known, then the average velocity of the reaction movement or counter-reaction movement can be determined using the passage time.

[0056] In another example, the time interval between two consecutive positive edges can also be determined alternatively or additionally for velocity determination. In Figure 7, this corresponds, for example, to time points t701 (first time) and t703 (second time) or t703 (first time) and t705 (second time). The time interval between these first and second time points is then used to determine the AC voltage U e This corresponds to approximately one period. For example, in the solenoid coil arrangement for voltage generation described in Figures 3a to 3d, one period corresponds precisely to one sweep of the coil by two consecutive permanent magnets. In this case as well, if the distance d and width x of the magnets are known, the speed during this period is, for example,

[0057]

number

[0058] This can be determined by [method].

[0059] Preferably, the velocity is estimated by the distance between the two magnets and the time interval between them.

[0060]

number

[0061] Similarly, time intervals between negative edges spanning time points t702, t704, and t706, or between time points t711 and t713, or between t712 and t714, can also be used.

[0062] In this way, the average moving speed, or even the acceleration of each sliding movement, can be estimated from several velocities belonging to consecutive time periods / intervals. The acceleration is determined from at least two velocities and the time interval between the associated time segments. For example,

[0063]

number

[0064] This is the case for two speeds that follow the same pattern.

[0065] Generally speaking, if the distance and length of the voltage generating components of the voltage generating unit 110 are known, the duration of the signal or the duration of individual signal segments can be used to determine the speed at which the weapon's voltage generating components move during firing or manual reloading, and, if necessary, the acceleration. This allows, for example, to distinguish between the high-speed movement of the breech block during firing and the slower movement during manual reloading. The acceleration can also be used to determine the charge of the propellant being used.

[0066] In one example, a battery-independent or battery-dependent accelerometer is provided to a firearm analysis device, in addition to, or as an alternative to, measuring the acceleration of the breach movement described above.

[0067] One problem encountered with battery-free shot counters for measuring the dynamic acceleration of weapons using sensors has been that these accelerations cannot be measured and registered because the signal evaluation unit may be powered off when the signal is generated.

[0068] In one example, this problem is solved by temporarily storing the acceleration signal in a charging capacitor until sufficient current is supplied to the signal evaluation unit to evaluate the accumulated acceleration signal.

[0069] Based on the measured acceleration, the firing of various types of ammunition (combat ammunition, mobile ammunition, training ammunition) can be detected and stored as needed. This can be done, for example, based on various acceleration pulses of moving parts such as breeches, or different recoil pulses throughout the entire system.

[0070] In a further example, the measurement signal is a digital measurement signal dIN + This is converted to, for example, if( IN + ≥V in ) dIN + =1 else if ( IN + ≦U t ) dIN + =0 else dIN + = empty, Here, U≦ t Minimum(V in ) can be carried out according to the rules in the event of [the specified event].

[0071] In a further example, the digital measurement signal dIN' + teeth, if( IN + ≥V in ) dIN' + =0 else if ( IN + ≦U t ) dIN' + =1 else dIN' + = empty It is generated according to the rules.

[0072] Figure 7 illustrates both exemplary principles. If the measurement signal is greater than or equal to the reference signal, the digital measurement signal has a value of 1 (and / or 0) during this time interval. If the measurement signal is less than the threshold voltage U0, the digital measurement signal has a value of 0 (and / or 1) during this time interval. The threshold voltage U0 acts as a predeterminable threshold, which in either case is less than or equal to the minimum value of the reference signal. In all other cases, no value is assigned to the digital measurement signal. In Figure 7, this is shown by shaded and unshaded blocks. Periods in which the digital measurement signal is 1 or 0 and, if necessary, no value is assigned (empty) signal intervals (width of the block) can also be determined, for example, by time points t701-t706 or t711-t714. For example, time points t701, t703, and t705 are when the digital measurement signal dIN + The time point at which the value changes from "0" or "empty" to "1", and the time points t702, t704, and t706, are determined by the digital measurement signal (dIN). + This can be determined by the point at which ) changes from "1" or "empty" to "0".

[0073] In one example, a sequence of digits, i.e., the 0s and 1s of each measured signal, can be used to determine whether the slide is in recoil or reverse recoil. This is because, given the poles of each magnet facing the coil and the sign of the voltage induced when the coil is swept, the measured 1-0 sequence clearly identifies whether a reverse recoil or recoil movement is present. If a recoil movement leads to sequence 10101, as shown in Figure 8a, then a reverse recoil movement will inevitably lead to sequence 01010, which is the reverse of this sequence, as shown in Figure 8b. Advantageously, such identification of the direction of slide movement can be determined even if the signal evaluation unit could not fully acquire the signal, for example, because it did not reach the operating voltage required for signal evaluation. This is shown by Figures 8a and 8b, where it can be seen that a sequence of digits typical of the direction of movement is suitable for determining the direction of movement with a minimum of three digits. Thus, it is possible to clearly determine whether a reverse recoil or recoil movement has occurred with just a three-digit digital measurement signal. Depending on when the signal was registered, the reaction movement proceeds through sequences 10101, 0101, and 101, while the reverse reaction movement proceeds through sequences 01010, 1010, and 010. For example, if the voltage generation of the signal evaluation unit is delayed or the rise time is too slow for any reason, a specific characteristic minimum portion of the signal is sufficient to determine the direction of movement, even after the start of the signal has not been registered. By determining at least the last three digits of these as direction-specific signals, false or no messages for signal detection can be prevented.

[0074] In a further example, the signal evaluation unit determines whether a shot was fired as a single shot or in rapid succession. In addition, it can determine various cadences / firing rates within a single shot. For this purpose, for example, a predetermined time limit based on laboratory-determined measurements can define a time range / time limit range (time interval / time limit interval). The range within which the determined period exists then determines whether there were rapid or single shots, and / or the firing rate. The following example illustrates this procedure.

[0075] Example 1: One time limit, automatic weapon. If the duration exceeds the limit (time range 1), a single shot is expected; if it falls below the limit (time interval 2), continuous firing is expected.

[0076] Example 2: One time limit, semi-automatic weapon. If the duration exceeds the limit (time range 1), slow single shots are expected; if it falls below the limit (time range 1), rapid single shots are expected.

[0077] Example 3: Two time limits, automatic weapon. If the duration exceeds the second, larger limit (time range 1), slow single firing is assumed; if it is between the first and second limits (time range 2), rapid single firing is assumed; and if it is below the limit (time range 3), continuous firing is assumed.

[0078] Instead of time limits and time periods, voltage limits and measured voltage values ​​may also be used, depending on the example and / or time determination unit used.

[0079] For example, to determine the period between the end of the measurement signal generated during the recoil from the first shot (as the first time point) and the start of the measurement signal generated during the recoil of the second subsequent shot (as the second time point), the time interval between individual shots can be estimated from the period between the first and second time points, and from this, the firing mode and, possibly, the rate of fire can also be estimated.

[0080] In one example, the timing determination unit described above, which includes a cycle source and a timer, determines the period between a first time point and a second time point.

[0081] In another example, the timing unit described above, comprising a capacitor and a resistor, is integrated after signal rectification to determine whether a single-shot or continuous-shot sequence is being determined. As explained, the capacitor charges when a shot is fired and discharges continuously through the resistor. Depending on the charge state of the capacitor when the signal evaluation unit is restarted during subsequent shots, it is possible to determine whether the discharge is a single-shot (longer sequences or pauses lead to lower charge states) or a continuous-shot (very short sequences lead to higher charge states). Theoretically, the degree of discharge can be converted to a time value. However, there is no need to go through the detour of determining a time value, and the voltage value applied to the capacitor can be used directly. It then represents the corresponding time value without the need for explicit calculation. For example, if the voltage value across the capacitor falls below a specified threshold, and the discharge time of the capacitor with a resistor is known, this can be evaluated as a single-shot firing sequence. If the voltage value across the capacitor does not fall below the threshold, this can be evaluated as a continuous-shot firing sequence.

[0082] Another example involves distinguishing between a single-fire sequence and a continuous-fire sequence using the following devices and methods.

[0083] When the alternating polarization magnet brushes against the fixed coil, the induced voltage supplies energy to the signal evaluation unit, which is composed of, for example, a microcontroller, and to the upstream capacitor. If the operating voltage is sufficient, the signal evaluation unit is ready to operate and is in active mode. In this mode, it evaluates the AC voltage signal as described, and then activates timers as well as internal or external cycle sources to configure interruptable pins, such as those on a microcontroller.

[0084] Subsequently, the signal evaluation unit is set to low-power mode, where it requires only a fraction of the current, thus remaining active for a relatively long time during the slide cycle. In low-power mode, the signal evaluation unit is supplied with electrical energy only from a pre-charged backup capacitor.

[0085] Therefore, after the reaction movement, the signal evaluation unit remains active until a voltage is induced again during the subsequent counter-reaction movement to operate it. The recovered voltage induction is then transmitted to the signal evaluation unit via an additional synchronization circuit. The synchronization circuit can, for example, apply a voltage to an interruptible pin, which generates an interrupt to the signal evaluation unit, causing it to change again from low-power mode to active mode.

[0086] While the signal evaluation unit is in low-power mode, the timer counts the cycles of the cycle-changed source. Since the cycle frequency of the cycle source is known, the signal evaluation unit can convert the number of cycles obtained by the timer into a time value.

[0087] This occurs immediately when the operating voltage is supplied again by the shot signal, and the device changes to active mode, making the timer's counted cycles available. In this way, the signal evaluation unit can determine the time between the two active phases and, therefore, determine different firing sequences.

[0088] When using low-power mode, two basic scenarios can occur.

[0089] If the time between two shots is sufficiently short, the voltage of the backup capacitor is sufficient to keep the signal evaluation unit in low-power mode until the next shot signal. The synchronous circuit then generates a voltage at the interruptable pin. When a voltage is generated at the interruptable pin in low-power mode, an interrupt signal is generated, notifying the signal evaluation unit of the presence of a new shot signal. The signal evaluation unit then returns to active mode and begins measuring and evaluating the AC voltage signal as described above.

[0090] Therefore, one advantage of this low-power circuit is that the signal evaluation unit remains permanently activated during slide recoil and slide counter-recoil, and this activation is not interrupted and does not require restarting.

[0091] In the second case, the time difference between the two shot signals is so large that the charge on the backup capacitor is not sufficient to permanently supply power to the signal evaluation unit. In this case, the operating voltage falls below the minimum voltage required for proper operation, and the signal evaluation unit is deactivated. On the next shot signal, the signal evaluation unit is started with a hardware reset.

[0092] The difference between switching to active mode from low-power mode or from the off state is detected by an internal register in the signal evaluation unit.

[0093] Another example uses both scenarios to distinguish between continuous firing and single firing. In contrast to single firing, in the very short firing cycles of continuous firing, the signal evaluation unit can remain active in low-power mode even during slide recoil until the next shot is fired and continuously ready. This persistent activation over several firing cycles then acts as a distinguishing feature between continuous firing and single firing because, in single firing, the activation is usually interrupted. In addition, time exceeding a single firing cycle can also be measured using this method.

[0094] The result obtained using this solution is directly related to time (cycles). In addition, the activation after the off state can be concluded to be a slow rate of fire in a single shot.

[0095] In another example, the described shot analysis system is equipped with a battery and additional cycles for integrating timestamps. In this way, all activity in the shot analysis system associated with the measurement signal can be verified with time accuracy, particularly by the date and time the registered shot was taken. Using a battery dedicated to time measurement requires a battery with very small capacity and small dimensions, which further ensures a reliable power supply for this real-time measurement, even years or decades later. Even if such a battery fails, all other described functions of the shot analysis system can be guaranteed.

[0096] As described above, the examples disclosed herein improve the diagnostics of firearms and, in particular, enable a more advanced analysis of the firing of shots, beyond mere shot counting.

[0097] The disclosed example relates to a firearm analysis device for determining indicator / characteristic parameters of a firearm from shots emitted from the firearm. The firearm analysis device may also be a firearm diagnostic device. For example, the firearm analysis device includes a voltage generation unit, a signal processing unit, a signal evaluation unit, and a time determination unit.

[0098] The voltage generation unit generates an AC voltage signal, for example, when the slide moves back and forth as a result of a shot being fired. If necessary, this is pre-processed in the signal processing unit, for example, by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) or rectifier circuit, into a usable measurement signal. The signal evaluation unit then analyzes the measurement signal and uses it to determine information about the weapon and / or the fired shot. For this purpose, it refers, if necessary, to time information such as a period determined in the time determination unit.

[0099] Therefore, the voltage generation unit is designed to generate an AC voltage during the recoil movement and / or recoil of a movable weapon component, such as the slide of a pistol during firing. The voltage can be generated along the portion of the distance covered by the movable weapon component during the recoil or recoil movement. The voltage can be generated by a solenoid coil arrangement, such as described in U.S. Patent No. 8,046,946B2 (Packer Engineering Ltd.) or European Patent No. 3140605B1 (Heckler & Koch GmbH). Thus, the inductively generated AC voltage signals known from European Patent No. 3140605B1 can be utilized in the firearm analysis devices disclosed herein. Using these signals has the advantage that there is no need to generate new additional basic signals and components already known in firearms can be used for voltage generation. However, AC voltage signals generated by other methods, such as piezoelectric elements or electromechanical inverters, are also conceivable. Regardless of how they are generated, the AC voltage signals then serve as input signals to the signal processing unit.

[0100] Therefore, a signal processing unit can be used to convert the generated AC voltage into a measurement signal usable by further device components. For example, an analog AC voltage signal can be provided without preprocessing. In this case, the measurement signal will be the same as the AC voltage signal. Alternatively, it can be digitized using an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and further preprocessed, for example, as an alternative or additional option. For this purpose, the signal processing unit may be equipped with more suitable switching elements such as filters and rectifiers.

[0101] In some examples, a reference signal and / or supply voltage for a downstream signal evaluation unit is additionally generated in the signal processing unit. The reference signal can be used, for example, as a dynamic comparison value for the analysis of the measured signal. The measured signal and / or reference signal are then evaluated in the downstream signal evaluation unit.

[0102] A signal evaluation unit may include, for example, a microcontroller. This is typically used for signal evaluation and analysis. In particular, it can be useful for determining time points and parameters such as velocity, acceleration, cadence / fire rate, or firing mode. For example, a signal evaluation unit may be designed to determine first and second time points during the recoil movement and / or recoil of a movable weapon component. These may be specific time points in the course of the measured signal, such as the start and end of the signal, or the start and end of a period or half-period within the signal.

[0103] A time determination unit or time measurement unit is generally used for time measurement and can very commonly determine periods such as signal duration, the duration of a signal or time portion, or the distance between individual signals or time points located within a signal or distributed across several signals. In particular, it is used to determine the time interval between a first time point and a second time point. Therefore, a time determination unit can be any device suitable for relative or absolute determination of duration. For example, a clock, a cycle generator combined with a timer that counts cycles and knows the time interval between consecutive cycles, or a capacitor whose discharge rate serves as a measure of elapsed time.

[0104] The described firearm analysis device can be used to obtain a wide range of information that can derive parameters such as slide / breech velocity and acceleration during firing, rate of fire, or ammunition type. Thus, new additional information can be obtained in a favorable manner from already known signals. For example, additional information related to firing, such as number and intensity, provides more specific indicators for estimating firearm wear. Thus, maintenance and servicing of firearms can be improved and facilitated, ultimately improving the safety of firearm handling. In addition, such advanced information can be used for documentation and monitoring, and for logistical purposes for firearm use (e.g., stockpiling of spare parts and ammunition). Manufacturers can, for example, incorporate such data into the ongoing development of weapon improvements and additions. Finally, detailed information on shots fired from weapons also facilitates forensic investigations.

[0105] Another aspect of the examples disclosed herein relates to a firearm equipped with a firearm analysis device.

[0106] Another aspect of the examples disclosed herein relates to a method for determining parameters indicating a firearm from a discharged shot.

[0107] This method can generally be used to determine parameters and further information relating to firearms and their discharges. For this purpose, for example, it may include detecting an AC voltage, providing at least one measurement signal based on the AC voltage, determining at least a first and second time point in time of the recoil movement and / or recoil, and determining at least one time period, i.e., the period of the time period defined by the first and second time points.

[0108] Therefore, this method can utilize the components of the firearm analysis device described above.

[0109] The AC voltage may have been generated, for example, by the voltage generation unit described above during the counter-recoil movement and / or recoil movement of the movable weapon component during firing.

[0110] The measurement signal can be generated based on the generated AC voltage.

[0111] The first and second points in time include the examples above.

[0112] The determination of the period can be performed, for example, by the time determination unit described above. While the examples disclosed herein are claimed, further features of the design examples may be derived from the dependent claims, accompanying technical drawings, and the following description. Other claims are also possible.

[0113] Another aspect disclosed herein relates to a computer program product comprising computer-readable instructions for performing some of the method steps.

[0114] In one example, the reference signal is generated from each AC voltage or a signal based thereon, for example, by a rectifier circuit located in the signal processing unit. The advantage of generating a reference signal is that it can function as a dynamic reference value or threshold for the measured signal. In this case, dynamic means that at each point in time, the value of each weapon and even each signal is determined individually. Then, for example, the first time and the second time can be determined by the signal evaluation unit, for example, based on a comparison of the measured signal and the reference signal, for example, by a comparison over time. This allows variations in the amplification of the AC signal (for example, due to variations in the distance or speed between the solenoid and the coil) to be used to correct the amplification of the reference signal and the measured signal, while the ratio of the reference signal to the measured signal remains the same.

[0115] In another example, a voltage generating unit may have at least two magnetic poles and a coil. In this case, the minimum two magnetic poles can be arranged in succession so as to move along a path relative to the coil in response to a fired shot. This ensures that the successive poles have opposite polarities to each other. The poles can then pass through the coil in succession so as to induce sequentially reverse voltages in the coil during the recoil movement and / or reverse recoil movement. Such a voltage generating unit is easy to manufacture and reliably provides a suitable AC voltage signal.

[0116] In a further example, a time point is determined according to when the measured signal exceeds or falls below a reference signal or a threshold derived therefrom. For example, a first time point can be determined according to when the measured signal exceeds or falls below a reference signal or a threshold derived therefrom. Furthermore, a second time point can be determined according to when the measured signal exceeds or falls below the reference signal, or again according to a threshold derived after the first time point. Thus, the reference signal acts as the dynamic reference value described above for the analysis of the measured signal. Therefore, a desired time point can be determined by a simple method from the course of two signals over time. For example, the period of the measured signal can also be determined by this method. This is performed, for example, in a signal evaluation unit.

[0117] In a further example, the velocity of a moving part of a firearm during recoil and / or counter-recoil movement is determined using a measurement signal and a reference signal. For this purpose, a first time period and a second time period can be determined during a single recoil or single forward movement of the moving part of the firearm. Based on the determined time interval period of the time interval defined by these two moments, and the length of the distance over which the AC voltage underlying the measurement signal is generated during the recoil and / or counter-recoil movement, the velocity of the moving weapon part during this time interval can be determined. For example, corresponding first and second positions on the path where a voltage generation unit generates the AC voltage underlying the measurement signal can be assigned to the first and second times via the measurement signal. Then, the velocity is determined from the time interval period and the distance between the first and second positions. The velocity determination can be performed, for example, by a signal evaluation unit, and the period can be determined, for example, by one of the time determination units. Therefore, in this way, for example, the slide speed can be determined for each shot fired, which is advantageous for, for example, weapon monitoring, maintenance, and upkeep.

[0118] In a further example, the velocity of each movable weapon component is determined over at least two consecutive time intervals, and the acceleration of the movable weapon component during recoil or counter-recoil movement is determined from the determined velocity and the time distance between at least two consecutive time intervals. In this way, the acceleration of the movable weapon component can be further determined in a simple manner from the already existing signals, thereby allowing conclusions to be drawn, for example, about the ammunition used.

[0119] In another example, a signal processing unit provides a supply voltage based on the AC voltage for the operation of the signal analysis unit. This allows the entire firearm analysis device to operate without batteries.

[0120] In a further example, the reference signal is rectified during generation, for example. For this purpose, the signal processing unit includes, for example, a rectifier circuit for rectifying the voltage. Thus, the reference signal can be distinguished from the measurement signal by fact, for example, that it is unmodulated, slightly modulated, and / or aperiodic. The rectified reference signal can also be favorably evaluated by a signal evaluation unit that can detect only DC. This is typically done, for example, using a microcontroller. Finally, the rectified reference signal can be used to supply DC current to the signal evaluation unit.

[0121] In a further example, the measurement signal is half-wave rectified or unrectified during generation, for example, by a signal processing unit. This ensures that the measurement signal remains distinguishable from the reference signal because it is modulated and / or aperiodic. Furthermore, the measurement signal also contains phase information of the generated AC voltage. In this case, half-wave rectification can be performed, for example, by a rectifier circuit used to rectify the reference signal or a portion thereof.

[0122] In further examples, a reference signal may also be added during generation. Therefore, a voltage multiplier circuit can be used in this case. For example, a signal processing unit may include a drone circuit as a rectifier for this purpose. In addition to rectification, the drone circuit also functions as a voltage multiplier, thereby further amplifying the rectified signal.

[0123] In another example, a time determination unit comprises a timer and a cycle source, where the timer determines a period through several cycles and the time intervals between cycles. Thus, the time intervals and periods can be determined in a simple and verified manner.

[0124] In a further example, the time determination unit includes a capacitor connected to a load, which is charged by the AC voltage generated in this process during the reaction and / or reverse reaction, and the period is determined by the degree of discharge of the capacitor. In this way, time measurement over a certain time period is possible even without a power supply.

[0125] In a further example, it is determined whether a shot is fired as a single burst or as a series of bursts. For this purpose, for example, the time interval (time distance) between individual bursts can be determined. For example, by determining a first time as the end of the measurement signal generated during a pre-burst and a second time as the start of the measurement signal generated during the recoil burst following this pre-burst. The duration of the time period defined by the first and second time points can then be used to determine the time distance between individual bursts. Next, the duration of the time interval defined by the first and second time points can be used to determine whether the shot was fired in a series of bursts or a single burst. This can be done, for example, in a signal evaluation unit. In this case, if the time distance period between multiple counter-recoil movements or multiple recoil movements of the movable weapon component is below a time limit or voltage limit, it is determined that a series of bursts exist; otherwise, a single burst exists. For example, additional conditions can be incorporated as criteria for the presence of continuous firing, such as the ability to fire a firearm in rapid succession, and / or the detection of some counter-recoil and recoil movements. In this way, information about the load on the firearm can be accessed in a reliable and simple manner, for example, to maintain the firearm.

[0126] In a further example, the time-distance range (time interval range) is defined based on a time-distance limit and / or further time-distance limits. Based on this, at least two different firing rates are determined for single firing and / or continuous firing. The determination is made based on which of these time-distance ranges contains a time-distance period. All of this can be done, for example, in a signal evaluation unit. This has the advantage of providing access to more detailed information, for example, for maintenance.

[0127] In further examples, the measurement signal is digitized. For example, the measurement signal can be converted to a binary signal. This can be done, for example, by a signal evaluation unit. Therefore, if a reference signal exists, the reference signal can be, for example, defined by the following rules: if (measured signal ≥ reference signal) Digital measurement signal = 1 else if (measured signal ≤ U0) Digital measurement signal = 0 else Digital measurement signal = empty Here, U0 ≤ minimum (reference signal), Accordingly, it can be converted into a digital measurement signal.

[0128] In this way, phase information can be converted into a binary signal, which in turn can be quickly and easily converted into a readable signal. This readable signal can then be used to encode, for example, recoil and counter-recoil movements. Thus, the distinction of barrel direction can be checked via the binary signal or the resulting coding.

[0129] In one example, a voltage generation unit uniquely codes the AC voltage it generates to a movable weapon component. For example, a signal can be uniquely generated by identifying a movable weapon component. For instance, in a solenoid coil arrangement, magnets can be placed on the movable weapon component, and therefore the number of magnets can indicate the movable weapon component. Thus, additional information regarding firing and weaponry can be obtained from the signal in a simple manner.

[0130] In one example, a digital measurement signal is used to determine a first and a second time point. For example, the first time point is determined when the digital measurement signal changes from "0" or "empty" to "1", and the second time point is determined when the digital measurement signal changes from "1" or "empty" to "0". Thus, the first and second time points can also be advantageously determined from the digital measurement signal.

[0131] In a further example, a digital measurement signal is used to determine whether recoil or forward movement has occurred. For example, using a sequence of "1" or "0" in the uninterrupted signal portion of the digital measurement signal, a signal evaluation unit can determine, for instance, whether the measurement signal is based on a counter-recoil or recoil movement of a movable weapon component. In this way, additional information can be obtained from the digital signal in a simple and reliable manner.

[0132] Another example involves a cycle for determining the time and / or day a shot was fired. For instance, a logbook could be maintained using the date and time of weapon use and the data derived from it.

[0133] A further example involves accelerometers that can determine the acceleration of the recoil and / or recoil movement of a movable weapon component. In this way, the acceleration of the movable weapon component can be determined in a simple and proven manner, which can then be used to draw conclusions, for example, about the ammunition used. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0134] 100 firearms 110 Voltage Generating Unit 111 Second magnet, magnetic pole, solenoid 113 First magnet, magnetic pole, solenoid 114 coils 120 slides 130 Grip 301 Permanent Magnet 302 Permanent Magnet 303 Permanent Magnet 304 Permanent Magnet 305 Permanent Magnet 306 Permanent Magnet 307 Permanent Magnet 308 Permanent Magnet 309 Permanent Magnet 310 Permanent Magnets 311 Permanent Magnet 312 Permanent Magnets 321 Prong, Tyne 322 Prong, Tyne 323 Prong, Tyne 401 Voltage generating unit, coil 410 Signal Processing Unit 420 Signal Evaluation Unit 450 Time determination unit, time calculation unit 531 Plot 533 Plot 535 Plot 540 Operating Voltage 600 Drone Circuit C1 Capacitor C2 Capacitor C511 Capacitor C512 Capacitor D1 diode D2 Diode D511 Diode D512 Diode IN+: Measured voltage, measured signal, pulsation signal t time t1 First time range t2 Second time range U a Rectified voltage U e AC voltage, output voltage, AC signal, AC voltage signal U(t) Voltage waveform, voltage curve U0 Voltage Value U01 Voltage Swing U04 Voltage Value U1 First Voltage Swing U2 Second Voltage Swing U3 Third Voltage Swing U4 Voltage Value U5 Voltage Value U6 Voltage Value U30 Voltage Swing U60 Voltage Value V cc Operating voltage, supply voltage V in Reference signal, reference voltage

Claims

1. A firearm analysis device comprising a voltage generation unit configured to generate an alternating current voltage during the recoil movement and / or recoil movement of a movable weapon component during firing, for determining parameters as an indicator of the firearm from a fired shot, A signal processing unit configured to generate a measurement signal from the generated AC voltage, A signal evaluation unit configured to determine a first time point and a second time point during the counter-recoil movement and / or recoil movement of the movable weapon component, A time determination unit configured to determine the time interval between the first time point and the second time point, A firearms analysis device characterized by having the following features.

2. The firearm analysis device according to claim 1, wherein the signal processing unit is also configured to generate a reference signal from the generated AC voltage, and the signal evaluation unit is configured to determine the first time point and the second time point based on a comparison of the time curves of the measured signal and the reference signal.

3. The aforementioned voltage generation unit is At least two magnetic poles, Equipped with a coil, The firearm analysis device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least two magnetic poles are arranged in succession to move along a path to the coil in response to the firing of a shot, so that a series of poles, each having opposite polarity to each other, pass through the coil in succession to induce an AC voltage in the coil between the recoil movement and the counter-recoil movement, respectively.

4. In order to determine the first time point when the measurement signal exceeds or falls below the reference signal or a threshold derived from the reference signal, In order to determine the second time point, when the measurement signal again exceeds or falls below the reference signal or a threshold derived from the reference signal, The firearm analysis device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the signal evaluation unit is arranged.

5. To determine the first and second time points in the measurement signal of a single recoil movement or a single counter-recoil movement of the movable weapon component, Based on the measurement signal, the voltage generation unit assigns corresponding first and second positions on the path for generating the AC voltage that forms the basis of the measurement signal to the first and second time points, The time determination unit determines the speed of the movable weapon component during recoil movement or counter-recoil movement from the time interval period determined by the distance between the first position and the second position. The firearm analysis device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the signal evaluation unit is arranged.

6. The firearm analysis device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the signal processing unit provides a supply voltage for the operation of the signal evaluation unit based on the AC voltage.

7. The firearm analysis device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the signal processing unit comprises a rectifier circuit for rectifying a voltage to be rectified during the generation of the reference signal.

8. The firearm analysis device according to claim 7, wherein the signal processing unit is configured to half-wave rectify the measurement signal by the rectifier circuit or a part thereof during generation.

9. The firearm analysis device according to claim 7 or claim 8, wherein the rectifier circuit is a voltage multiplier circuit, particularly a drone circuit.

10. The signal evaluation unit is The time distance between two consecutive counter-reaction or reaction movements over the time interval determined by the time determination unit is determined, the first time point corresponds to the end of the measurement signal generated during the counter-reaction movement, and the second time point corresponds to the start of the measurement signal generated during the reaction movement following this counter-reaction movement. It is configured to determine whether a shot was fired in a series or single burst based on the time distance between two consecutive counter-recoil or recoil movements. If the time distance between multiple recoil movements, or the multiple recoil movements themselves, falls below a predetermined time distance limit, the firing occurs in a continuous burst. The firearm analysis device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, which determines that in all other cases the shot was fired in a single burst.

11. The signal evaluation unit is configured to determine the rate of fire, thereby, Based on the aforementioned time-distance limit and / or at least one additional time-distance threshold, define at least two time-distance ranges to which a firing rate can be assigned, The firearm analysis device according to claim 10, which determines which of these time-distance ranges the aforementioned time distance falls within.

12. The aforementioned signal evaluation unit, when a reference signal is present, follows the following rules: if (measurement signal ≥ reference signal) Digital measurement signal = 1 else if (measurement signal ≤ U0) Digital measurement signal = 0 else Digital measurement signal = empty Here, U0 ≤ minimum (reference signal), The firearm analysis device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the device is configured to convert the measurement signal into a digital measurement signal.

13. The firearm analysis device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the voltage generation unit is configured to generate a signal that uniquely identifies the movable weapon component.

14. The firearm analysis device according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the signal evaluation unit is configured to determine whether the measurement signal is based on the counter-recoil movement or the recoil movement of the movable weapon component, based on a sequence of signal portions in which the digital measurement signal is "1" or "0".

15. The firearm analysis device according to any one of claims 1 to 14, further comprising an acceleration sensor capable of determining the acceleration of the counter-recoil movement and / or recoil movement of the movable firearm component.

16. A firearm comprising the firearm analysis device described in any one of claims 1 to 15.

17. - A method for determining parameters indicating a firearm from a fired shot, comprising detection of the counter-recoil movement and / or AC voltage generated during the recoil movement of a movable weapon component during firing, - To provide at least one measurement signal based on the generated AC voltage, - To determine at least one first time point and one second time point of the counter-recoil movement and / or recoil movement of the movable weapon component, - To determine at least one time interval between the first time point and the second time point, A method characterized by comprising:

18. The method according to claim 17, further comprising providing a reference signal based on the generated AC voltage, wherein the first time point and the second time point are determined from a comparison of the measurement signal and the reference signal.

19. The first time point is determined based on the point in time when the measurement signal exceeds or falls below the reference signal or a threshold derived from the reference signal. After the first time point, a second time point is determined based on the time when the measurement signal again exceeds or falls below the reference signal or a threshold derived from the reference signal. The method according to claim 18, further comprising:

20. Determining the first and second time points in the measurement signal of a single recoil movement and / or a single counter-recoil movement of the movable weapon component, The speed of the counter-recoil movement and / or recoil movement of the movable weapon component is determined by the previously determined time interval between the first time point and the second time point, and the length of the path through which the AC voltage underlying the measurement signal is generated. The method according to claim 19, further comprising:

21. Determining at least one further first time point and at least one further second time point in the measurement signal of the recoil movement or counter-recoil movement of the movable weapon component, Determining the velocity of each of the movable weapon parts during at least two consecutive time intervals defined by the first and second time points and at least one further first time point and at least one further second time point, The acceleration of the movable weapon component during recoil or counter-recoil movement is determined from the velocity determined between the two consecutive time intervals and the time distance, The method according to claim 20, further comprising:

22. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 21, wherein the signal based on the AC voltage is rectified in order to generate the reference signal.

23. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 22, wherein the signal based on the AC voltage is half-wave rectified in order to generate the measurement signal.

24. The method according to claim 22, wherein a signal based on the AC voltage is added to generate the reference signal.

25. The end of the measurement signal generated during the counter-reaction movement is determined as the first time point, and the start of the measurement signal generated during the reaction movement following this counter-reaction movement is determined as the second time point. Based on the aforementioned time interval, the time distance between multiple counter-recoil movements or multiple recoil movements of the movable weapon component is determined. If the aforementioned firearm is capable of firing in continuous bursts, multiple counter-recoil movements and recoil movements are detected, and the time distance falls below the time distance threshold, it is determined that the firing occurred in continuous bursts; otherwise, it is determined that the firing occurred in a single burst. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 24, further comprising:

26. Based on the aforementioned time-distance limit and / or at least one further time-distance limit, define at least two time-distance ranges to which each can be assigned a rate of fire, The shot rate is determined according to the time distance within which the aforementioned time distance falls, The method according to claim 25, further comprising:

27. When the aforementioned reference signal exists, the following rules apply: if (measurement signal ≥ reference signal) Digital measurement signal = 1 else if (measurement signal ≤ U0) Digital measurement signal = 0 else Digital measurement signal = empty Here, U0 ≤ minimum (reference signal), The method according to any one of claims 17 to 26, comprising generating a digital measurement signal from the measurement signal accordingly.

28. The method according to claim 27, further comprising determining the first time point after the digital measurement signal changes from "0" or "empty" to "1", and determining the second time point after the digital measurement signal changes from "1" or "empty" to "0".

29. The method according to claim 27 or 28, further comprising determining whether the measurement signal is based on or on the recoil movement of the movable weapon component, based on a sequence of signal portions in which the digital measurement signal is continuously "1" or "0".

Images