Light-emitting elements, condensed polycyclic compounds, and electronic devices

Abstract

To provide a light-emitting element with improved luminous efficiency and element lifespan. To provide a condensed polycyclic compound that can improve the luminous efficiency and element lifespan of a light-emitting element. [Solution] The light-emitting element includes an emissive layer (EML) between the first electrode and the second electrode, which contains a condensed polycyclic compound that includes three specific boron atoms as ring-forming atoms.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a light-emitting element, a condensed polycyclic compound, and an electronic device, and more particularly to a light-emitting element, a condensed polycyclic compound used in a light-emitting element, and an electronic device including a light-emitting element. [Background technology]

[0002] Electronic devices include display devices. Recently, there has been a lot of development on organic electroluminescence displays as image display devices. Unlike liquid crystal displays and the like, organic electroluminescence displays are so-called self-emissive display devices that achieve display by recombining holes and electrons injected from the first and second electrodes in the light-emitting layer, causing a light-emitting material containing an organic compound in the light-emitting layer to emit light.

[0003] When applying organic electroluminescent devices to display devices, there is a demand for lower driving voltage, higher luminous efficiency, and longer lifespan for these devices. Therefore, there is a continuous need for the development of organic electroluminescent device materials that can stably achieve these requirements.

[0004] In particular, in recent years, technologies have been developed for phosphorescence emission that utilizes the energy of the triplet state and fluorescence emission that utilizes the phenomenon of triplet exciton collisions generating singlet excitons (Triplet-triplet annihilation, TTA) in order to realize highly efficient organic electroluminescent devices. Development is also underway for thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials that utilize delayed fluorescence phenomena. [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0005] The objective of the present invention is to provide a light-emitting element with improved luminous efficiency and element lifespan. Another object of the present invention is to provide a condensed polycyclic compound that can improve the luminescence efficiency and device lifetime of a light-emitting element.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide an electronic device that includes an electron-emitting element with improved efficiency and lifespan and has excellent display quality. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] One embodiment provides an electronic device that includes a display panel containing a plurality of light-emitting elements, wherein at least one of the plurality of light-emitting elements includes a first electrode, a second electrode disposed on the first electrode, and a light-emitting layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and containing a first compound represented by the following chemical formula 1. [Chemical formula 1] [ka] In chemical formula 1, X1 to X6 are each independently O, S, or NR. x It is possible that Y1~Y 21 Each is independently N or CR y It is possible. In chemical formula 1, R x R can be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. y This can be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen element, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0008] The electronic device includes the display panel, which may include a display panel for displaying an image, and the display device may include a first light-emitting region, a second light-emitting region, and a third light-emitting region that emit light in different wavelength ranges and are separated from each other on a plane, and each of the first light-emitting region, the second light-emitting region, and the third light-emitting region may be a region from which light generated from each of the plurality of light-emitting elements is emitted.

[0009] The plurality of light-emitting elements may include a first light-emitting element arranged in accordance with the first light-emitting region, a second light-emitting element arranged in accordance with the second light-emitting region, and a third light-emitting element arranged in accordance with the third light-emitting region.

[0010] The display device may include multiple display surfaces, each with a different primary display direction for the image.

[0011] The electronic devices are independently controlled and may each include a plurality of display devices that display images, and at least one of the display devices may include the display panel.

[0012] The electronic device may further include at least one of a processor, memory, and power supply module.

[0013] The electronic device may include the display panel and could be a television, monitor, external billboard, personal computer, laptop computer, personal information terminal, vehicle device, game console, smartphone, tablet, smartwatch, or camera.

[0014] One embodiment provides a light-emitting element comprising a first electrode, a second electrode disposed on the first electrode, and a light-emitting layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and containing a first compound represented by the following chemical formula 1.

[0015] The aforementioned first compound can be represented by the following chemical formula 2. [Chemical formula 2] [ka] In Chemical Formula 2, R1 to R7 can each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. In Chemical Formula 2, a and e can each independently be an integer of 0 or more and 3 or less, b, d, and f can each independently be an integer of 0 or more and 4 or less, c can be an integer of 0 or more and 2 or less, and X1 to X6 can be as defined in Chemical Formula 1.

[0016] The first compound can be represented by the following Chemical Formula 3. [Chemical Formula 3] [Chemical Structure Diagram] In Chemical Formula 3, R i1 , R j1 , R k2 , R l1 , and R m1 can each independently be a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom, and R i2 , R j2 , R k2 , R l2 , and R m2 can each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. In Chemical Formula 3, i1 and l1 can each independently be an integer of 0 or more and 3 or less, j1, k1, and m1 can each independently be an integer of 0 or more and 4 or less, i2, j2, k2, l2, and m2 can each independently be an integer of 0 or more and 1 or less, and X1 to X6 are as defined in Chemical Formula 1.

[0017] For example, in Chemical Formula 3, R i2 , R j2 , R k2 , R l2 , and R m2Each of these can independently be a substituted or unsubstituted methyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted t-butyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group.

[0018] The first compound can be represented by the following chemical formula 4. [Chemical formula 4] [ka] In chemical formula 4, R a1 , R a2 , R b1 , R b2 , R c1 , R c2 , R d1 , R d2 , R e1 , and R e2 Each of these can independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, a1 and d1 can independently be integers between 0 and 2, b1, c1, and e1 can independently be integers between 0 and 3, and X1 to X6 can be as defined in Chemical Formula 1 above.

[0019] For example, in chemical formula 4, R a1 , R a2 , R b1 , R b2 , R c1 , R c2 , R d1 , R d2 , R e1 , and R e2 Each of these can independently be a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.

[0020] For example, in chemical formula 4, R a2 , R b2 , R c2 , R d2 , and R e2At least one of these may be a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0021] For example, in chemical formula 1, at least one of X1 to X6 is O, and the rest are NR. x It is possible.

[0022] For example, in chemical formula 1, at least two of X1 to X6 are NR x The remaining value could be O.

[0023] For example, in chemical formula 1, R x This can be a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted terphenyl group.

[0024] At least one of the hydrogen atoms in the first compound can be substituted with a deuterium atom.

[0025] The light-emitting layer may further contain at least one of the following: a second compound represented by the chemical formula HT-1, a third compound represented by the chemical formula ET-1, and a fourth compound represented by the chemical formula D-1. [Chemical formula HT-1] [ka] [Chemical formula ET-1] [ka] [Chemical formula D-1] [ka]

[0026] One embodiment provides a condensed polycyclic compound represented by the chemical formula 1. [Effects of the Invention]

[0027] The light-emitting element of one embodiment may exhibit improved element characteristics, including high efficiency and long lifespan.

[0028] The condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment can be included in the light-emitting layer of a light-emitting device and contribute to improving the efficiency and extending the lifespan of the light-emitting device.

[0029] The electronic device of one embodiment may exhibit excellent display quality. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0030] [Figure 1] This is a block diagram of an electronic device according to one embodiment. [Figure 2] This is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to one embodiment. [Figure 3] This is a plan view of a display device according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] This is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting element according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] This is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] This is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] This is a cross-sectional view showing a display device according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 9] This is a cross-sectional view showing a display device according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 10] This is a perspective view of an electronic device according to one embodiment. [Figure 11] This is a perspective view of an electronic device according to one embodiment. [Figure 12] This figure shows a vehicle on which a display device according to one embodiment is installed. [Figure 13a] This figure shows the HOMO distribution of example compound 403. [Figure 13b] This figure shows the LUMO distribution of example compound 404. [Figure 14a] This figure shows the HOMO distribution of compound X7 in the example. [Figure 14b] This figure shows the LUMO distribution of compound X7 in the example. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0031] Because the present invention can be modified in various ways and take on various forms, specific embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in the text. However, this should be understood not as an attempt to limit the present invention to any particular disclosure, but rather as including all modifications, equivalents, or substitutes that fall within the spirit and technical scope of the present invention.

[0032] In describing each drawing, similar reference numerals are used for similar components. In the attached drawings, the dimensions of structures are shown enlarged for clarity of the invention. Terms such as "first," "second," etc., are used to describe a variety of components, but the components are not limited to those described by these terms. These terms are used solely for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the invention, the first component may be named the second component, and similarly, the second component may also be named the first component. Singular expressions include plural expressions unless they are clearly meant to be different in context.

[0033] In this application, terms such as “includes” or “having” should be understood to indicate the presence of features, figures, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof described in the specification, without prejudice to the presence or possibility of adding one or more other features, figures, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

[0034] In this application, when a part such as a layer, film, region, or plate is said to be "above" or "above" another part, this includes not only when it is "directly above" another part, but also when there is another part in between. Conversely, when a part such as a layer, film, region, or plate is said to be "below" or "below" another part, this includes not only when it is "directly below" another part, but also when there is another part in between. Furthermore, in this application, "positioned above" may include not only when it is above, but also when it is positioned below.

[0035] In this specification, "substituted or unsubstituted" may mean that a molecule is substituted or unsubstituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of deuterium atoms, halogen atoms, cyano groups, nitro groups, hydroxyl groups, amino groups, amine groups, silyl groups, oxy groups, thiol groups, thio groups, sulfinyl groups, sulfonyl groups, carbonyl groups, boron groups, phosphine oxide groups, phosphine sulfide groups, alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, alkynyl groups, hydrocarbon ring groups, aryl groups, and heterocyclic groups. Furthermore, each of the substituents exemplified above may be substituted or unsubstituted. For example, a biphenyl group may be interpreted as an aryl group, or as a phenyl group substituted with a phenyl group.

[0036] In this specification, "bonding with adjacent groups to form a ring" may mean bonding with adjacent groups to form a substituted hydrocarbon ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle. Hydrocarbon rings include aliphatic hydrocarbon rings and aromatic hydrocarbon rings. Heterocycles include aliphatic heterocycles and aromatic heterocycles. Hydrocarbon rings and heterocycles may be monocyclic or polycyclic. Furthermore, rings formed by bonding with each other may bond with other rings to form a spirostructure.

[0037] In this specification, "adjacent group" may mean a substituent substituted on an atom directly bonded to the atom to which the substituent is substituted, another substituent substituted on the atom to which the substituent is substituted, or the substituent that is most stereostructically adjacent to the substituent in question. For example, the two methyl groups in 1,2-dimethylbenzene may be interpreted as "adjacent groups," and the two ethyl groups in 1,1-diethylcyclopentene may be interpreted as "adjacent groups." Similarly, the two methyl groups in 4,5-dimethylphenanthrene may be interpreted as "adjacent groups."

[0038] In this specification, examples of halogen atoms include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine atoms.

[0039] In this specification, alkyl groups may be linear or branched. The number of carbon atoms in an alkyl group may be 1 to 50, 1 to 30, 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 6. Examples of alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, i-butyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, n-pentyl, i-pentyl, neopentyl, t-pentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 2-ethylpentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, n-hexyl, and 1-methylhexyl groups. , 2-ethylhexyl group, 2-butylhexyl group, n-heptyl group, 1-methylpeptyl group, 2,2-dimethylheptyl group, 2-ethylheptyl group, 2-butylheptyl group, n-octyl group, t-octyl group, 2-ethyloctyl group, 2-butyloctyl group, 2-hexyloctyl group, 3,7-dimethyloctyl group, n-nonyl group, n-decyl group, adamantyl group, 2-ethyldecyl group, 2-butyldecyl group, 2- Xyldecyl group, 2-octyldecyl group, n-undecyl group, n-dodecyl group, 2-ethyldodecyl group, 2-butyldodecyl group, 2-hexyldodecyl group, 2-octyldecyl group, n-tridecyl group, n-tetradecyl group, n-pentadecyl group, n-hexadecyl group, 2-ethylhexadecyl group, 2-butylhexadecyl group, 2-hexylhexadecyl group, 2-octylhexadecyl group, n-heptadecyl group, n- Examples of such groups include, but are not limited to, octadecyl group, n-nonadecyl group, n-icosyl group, 2-ethylicosyl group, 2-butylicosyl group, 2-hexylicosyl group, 2-octylicosyl group, n-henicosyl group, n-docosyl group, n-tricosyl group, n-tetracosyl group, n-pentacosyl group, n-hexacosyl group, n-heptacosyl group, n-octacosyl group, n-nonacosyl group, and n-triacontyl group.

[0040] In this specification, cycloalkyl groups may mean cyclic alkyl groups. The number of carbon atoms in a cycloalkyl group is 3 to 50, 3 to 30, 3 to 20, or 3 to 10. Examples of cycloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclohexyl, 4-methylcyclohexyl, 4-t-butylcyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, norbornyl, 1-adantyl, 2-adamantyl, isonorbornyl, and bicycloheptyl groups.

[0041] In this specification, an alkenyl group means a hydrocarbon group containing one or more carbon double bonds in the middle or terminal of an alkyl group having two or more carbon atoms. An alkenyl group may be linear or branched. The number of carbon atoms is not particularly limited, but is 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of alkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, vinyl groups, 1-butenyl groups, 1-pentenyl groups, 1,3-butadienylaryl groups, styrenyl groups, and styrylvinyl groups.

[0042] In this specification, an alkynyl group means a hydrocarbon group containing one or more carbon triple bonds in the middle or terminal of an alkyl group having two or more carbon atoms. An alkynyl group may be linear or branched. The number of carbon atoms is not particularly limited, but is 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Specific examples of alkynyl groups include, but are not limited to, ethynyl and propynyl groups.

[0043] In this specification, a hydrocarbon ring group means any active group or substituent derived from an aliphatic hydrocarbon ring. A hydrocarbon ring group may be a saturated hydrocarbon ring group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms.

[0044] In this specification, an aryl group means any active group or substituent derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon ring. An aryl group may be a monocyclic aryl group or a polycyclic aryl group. The number of ring-forming carbon atoms in an aryl group is 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of aryl groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl, phenanthryl, biphenyl, terphenyl, quarterphenyl, quincphenyl, sexiphenyl, triphenylenyl, pyrenyl, benzofluorantenyl, and chrysenyl groups.

[0045] In this specification, the fluorenyl group may be substituted, and two substituents may bond to each other to form a spiro structure. Examples of substitutions of the fluorenyl group are as follows, but are not limited to these. [ka]

[0046] In this specification, a heterocyclic group means any active group or substituent derived from a ring containing one or more heteroatoms from B, O, N, P, Si, S, and Se. Heterocyclic groups include aliphatic heterocyclic groups and aromatic heterocyclic groups. Aromatic heterocyclic groups may be heteroaryl groups. Aliphatic heterocycles and aromatic heterocycles may be monocyclic and polycyclic.

[0047] In this specification, a heterocyclic group may contain one or more heteroatoms from B, O, N, P, Si, S, and Se. If a heterocyclic group contains two or more heteroatoms, the two or more heteroatoms may be the same or different. A heterocyclic group may be a monocyclic heterocyclic group or a polycyclic heterocyclic group, and is a concept that includes a heteroaryl group. The number of ring-forming carbon atoms in a heterocyclic group may be 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10.

[0048] In this specification, an aliphatic heterocyclic group contains one or more heteroatoms from B, O, N, P, Si, S, and Se. The number of ring-forming carbon atoms in an aliphatic heterocyclic group may be 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of aliphatic heterocyclic groups include, but are not limited to, oxirane groups, thiirane groups, pyrrolidine groups, piperidine groups, tetrahydrofuran groups, tetrahydrothiophene groups, thian groups, tetrahydropyran groups, and 1,4-dioxane groups.

[0049] In this specification, a heteroaryl group contains one or more heteroatoms from B, O, N, P, Si, S, and Se. When a heteroaryl group contains two or more heteroatoms, the two or more heteroatoms may be the same or different. A heteroaryl group can be a monocyclic heterocyclic group or a polycyclic heterocyclic group. The number of ring-forming carbon atoms in a heteroaryl group is 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of heteroaryl groups include thiophene group, furan group, pyrrol group, imidazole group, pyridine group, bipyridine group, pyrimidine group, triazine group, triazole group, acridyl group, pyridazine group, pyridinyl group, quinoline group, quinazoline group, quinoxaline group, phenoxane group, phthalazine group, pyridopyrimidine group, pyridopyrazine group, pyrazinopyrazine group, isoquinoline group, indole group, carbazole group, N-arylcarbazole group, and N-heteroaryl group. Examples include, but are not limited to, a lucarazole group, an N-alkylcarbazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzothiazole group, a benzocarbazole group, a benzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene group, a thienthiophene group, a benzofuran group, a phenanthroline group, a thiazole group, an isoxazole group, an oxazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiadiazole group, a phenothiazine group, a dibenzosilole group, and a dibenzofuran group.

[0050] In this specification, the above description of aryl groups may apply, except that arylene groups are divalent. The above description of heteroaryl groups may apply, except that heteroarylene groups are divalent.

[0051] In this specification, the silyl group includes alkylsilyl groups and arylsilyl groups. Examples of silyl groups include, but are not limited to, trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl, vinyldimethylsilyl, propyldimethylsilyl, triphenylsilyl, diphenylsilyl, and phenylsilyl groups.

[0052] In this specification, the number of carbon atoms in the acyl group is not particularly limited, but may be 1 to 40, 1 to 30, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10. Examples of acyl groups include, but are not limited to, acetyl, ethyl carbonyl, isopropyl carbonyl, naphthylene carbonyl, cyclopentyl carbonyl, cyclohexyl carbonyl, and phenyl carbonyl. For example, the acyl group may have, but is not limited to, the following structure. [ka]

[0053] In this specification, the number of carbon atoms in the sulfinyl group and sulfonyl group is not particularly limited, but may be between 1 and 30. The sulfinyl group may include an alkyl sulfinyl group and an aryl sulfinyl group. The sulfonyl group may include an alkyl sulfonyl group and an aryl sulfonyl group.

[0054] In this specification, the thio group may include alkylthio groups and arylthio groups. The thio group may mean a group to which a sulfur atom is bonded to the alkyl or aryl group as defined above. Examples of thio groups include, but are not limited to, methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, pentylthio, hexylthio, octylthio, dodecylthio, cyclopentylthio, cyclohexylthio, phenylthio, and naphthylthio groups.

[0055] In this specification, an oxy group may mean a group in which an oxygen atom is bonded to an alkyl group or aryl group as defined above. Oxy groups may include alkoxy groups and aryloxy groups. Alkoxy groups may be linear, branched, or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in an alkoxy group is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. Examples of oxy groups include, but are not limited to, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy, octyloxy, nonyloxy, decyloxy, and benzyloxy.

[0056] In this specification, a boron group means a group in which a boron atom is bonded to an alkyl or aryl group as defined above. A boron group includes alkylboron groups and arylboron groups. Examples of boron groups include, but are not limited to, dimethylboron groups, diethylboron groups, t-butylmethylboron groups, diphenylboron groups, and phenylboron groups.

[0057] In this specification, the number of carbon atoms in the amine group is not particularly limited, but may be between 1 and 30. The amine group may include alkylamine groups and arylamine groups. Examples of amine groups include, but are not limited to, methylamine groups, dimethylamine groups, phenylamine groups, diphenylamine groups, naphthylamine groups, and 9-methyl-anthracenylamine groups.

[0058] In this specification, among alkylthio groups, alkylsulfoxy groups, alkylaryl groups, alkylamino groups, alkylboron groups, alkylsilyl groups, and alkylamine groups, the alkyl group is the same as the examples of alkyl groups described above.

[0059] In this specification, among the aryloxy group, arylthio group, arylsulfoxy group, arylamino group, arylboron group, arylsilyl group, and arylamine group, the aryl group is the same as the examples of aryl described above.

[0060] In this specification, direct bonding may mean a single bond.

[0061] On the other hand, in this specification, "JPEG2026101798000011.jpg912" and " "JPEG2026101798000012.jpg211" indicates the position where the images will be merged.

[0062] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0063] Figure 1 is a block diagram of an electronic device according to one embodiment. Referring to Figure 1, the electronic device EA according to one embodiment may include a display module 11, a processor 12, a memory 13, and a power supply module 14.

[0064] The processor 12 may include at least one of the following: a central processing unit (CPU), an application processor (AP), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a communication processor (CP), an image signal processor (ISP), and a controller.

[0065] Memory 15 may store data information necessary for the operation of the processor 12 and the display module 11. When the processor 12 executes an application stored in memory 15, video data signals and / or input control signals are transmitted to the display module 11, which can process the provided signals and output video information via a display screen. The display module 11 may include a display panel for displaying video.

[0066] The power module 14 may include a power supply module such as a power adapter or a battery device, and a power conversion module that converts the power supplied by the power supply module to generate the power necessary for the operation of the electronic device EA.

[0067] At least one of the components of the electronic device EA described above may be included in a display panel according to one embodiment described later, and in a display device according to one embodiment including the same. Furthermore, some of the individual modules functionally contained within a single module may be included in the display device, while others may be provided separately from the display device. For example, the display device includes a display module 11, and the processor 12, memory 13, and power supply module 14 may be provided in the form of other devices within the electronic device EA rather than in the display device.

[0068] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to various embodiments.

[0069] Referring to Figure 2, the diverse electronic devices including the display device according to one embodiment may include not only electronic devices for displaying images such as smartphones 10_1a, tablet PCs 10_1b, laptops 10_1c, televisions 10_1d, and desk monitors 10_1e, but also wearable electronic devices such as smart glasses 10_2a, head-mounted displays 10_2b, and smartwatches 10_2c, as well as automotive electronic devices 10_3 such as CIDs (Center Information Displays) and rearview mirror displays located on the instrument panel, center fascia, and dashboard of an automobile.

[0070] Figure 3 is a plan view showing one embodiment of the display device DD. Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the display device DD of one embodiment. Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the portion corresponding to the line I-I' in Figure 3. The display device DD of one embodiment may be included in the electronic device EA described above. The display device DD may be the part of the electronic device EA that provides the image.

[0071] The display device DD may include a display panel DP and an optical layer PP disposed on the display panel DP. The display panel PP includes light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The display device DD may include multiple light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The optical layer PP is disposed on the display panel DP and can control the reflected light on the display panel DP due to external light. The optical layer PP may include, for example, a polarizing layer or a color filter layer. On the other hand, contrary to the figures, the optical layer PP may be omitted from the display device DD of one embodiment.

[0072] A base substrate BL may be placed on top of the optical layer PP. The base substrate BL may be a component that provides a base surface on which the optical layer PP is placed. The base substrate BL may be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, a plastic substrate, etc. However, the embodiment is not limited to these, and the base substrate BL may be an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer. Also, contrary to the figures, the base substrate BL may be omitted in one embodiment.

[0073] The display device DD according to one embodiment may further include a charging layer (not shown). A packing layer (not shown) may be disposed between the display element layer DP-ED and the base substrate BL. The packing layer (not shown) may be an organic layer. The packing layer (not shown) may contain at least one of acrylic resin, silicone resin, and epoxy resin.

[0074] The display panel DP may include a base layer BS, a circuit layer DP-CL provided on the base layer BS, and a display element layer DP-ED. The display element layer DP-ED may include a pixel definition film PDL, light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 disposed between the pixel definition film PDL, and a sealing layer TFE disposed on the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3.

[0075] The base layer BS may be a component that provides the base surface on which the display element layer EP-ED is arranged. The base layer BS may be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, a plastic substrate, etc. However, the examples are not limited to these, and the base layer BS may be an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer.

[0076] In one embodiment, the circuit layer DP-CL is placed on the base layer BS, but the circuit layer DP-CL may include a plurality of transistors (not shown). Each transistor (not shown) may include a control electrode, an input electrode, and an output electrode. For example, the circuit layer DP-ED may include a switching transistor and a drive transistor for driving the organic electroluminescent elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3.

[0077] Each of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may have the structure of one embodiment of the light-emitting element ED shown in Figures 5 to 8, which will be described later. Each of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, light-emitting layers EML-R, EML-G, EML-B, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2.

[0078] Figure 4 shows an embodiment in which the light-emitting layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 are arranged within the opening OH defined in the pixel-defining film PDL, and the hole transport region HTR, electron transport region ETR, and second electrode EL2 are provided as a common layer for all light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. However, the embodiments are not limited to this, and in one embodiment, contrary to the illustration in Figure 4, the hole transport region HTR and electron transport region ETR may be patterned and provided inside the opening OH defined in the pixel-defining film PDL. For example, in one embodiment, the hole transport region HTR, light-emitting layers EML-R, EML-G, EML-B, and electron transport region ETR of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may be patterned and provided by an inkjet printing method.

[0079] The sealing layer TFE may cover the organic electroluminescent elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The sealing layer TFE may seal the display element layer DP-ED. The sealing layer TFE may be a thin film sealing layer. The sealing layer TFE may consist of one or more layers stacked together. The sealing layer TFE includes at least one insulating layer. The sealing layer TFE according to one embodiment may include at least one inorganic film (hereinafter referred to as the sealing inorganic film). Furthermore, the sealing layer TFE according to one embodiment may include at least one organic film (hereinafter referred to as the sealing organic film) and at least one sealing inorganic film.

[0080] The encapsulating inorganic film protects the display element layer DP-ED from moisture / oxygen, and the encapsulating organic film protects the display element layer DP-ED from foreign matter such as dust particles. The encapsulating inorganic film may include, but is not limited to, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, or aluminum oxide. The encapsulating organic film may include acrylic compounds, epoxy compounds, etc. The encapsulating organic film may include, but is not limited to, photopolymerizable organic materials.

[0081] The sealing layer TFE may be placed on top of the second electrode EL2 and fill the opening OH.

[0082] Referring to Figures 3 and 4, the display device DD may include a non-emitting region NPXA and emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B. Each of the emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be a region from which light generated by the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 is emitted. The emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be spaced apart from each other on a plane.

[0083] The light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may each be regions separated by a pixel-defining film PPL. The non-light-emitting region NPXA is the region between adjacent light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B, and may correspond to a pixel-defining film PDL. On the other hand, in this specification, the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may each correspond to a pixel. The pixel-defining film PDL may separate the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The light-emitting layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may be located in and separated by an aperture OH defined in the pixel-defining film PDL.

[0084] The light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B can be divided into multiple groups according to the color of the light generated from the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The display device DD of one embodiment shown in Figures 3 and 4 exemplifies three light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B that emit red, green, and blue light, respectively. For example, the display device DD of one embodiment may include a red light-emitting region PXA-R, a green light-emitting region PXA-G, and a blue light-emitting region PXA-B, which are separated from each other.

[0085] In one embodiment of the display device DD, the multiple light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may emit light of different wavelengths. For example, in one embodiment, the display device DD may include a light-emitting element ED-1 that emits red light, a second light-emitting element ED-3 that emits green light, and a third light-emitting element ED-3 that emits blue light. In other words, the red light-emitting region PXA-R, the green light-emitting region PXA-G, and the blue light-emitting region PXA-B of the display device DD may correspond to the first light-emitting element ED-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2, and the third light-emitting element ED-3, respectively.

[0086] However, the examples are not limited to these, and the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may emit light in the same wavelength range, or at least one of them may emit light in a different wavelength range. Furthermore, all of the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may emit blue light.

[0087] In one embodiment of the display device DD, the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be arranged in a striped pattern. Referring to Figure 3, multiple red light-emitting regions PXA-R, multiple green light-emitting regions PXA-G, and multiple blue light-emitting regions PXA-B may be aligned along the second directional axis DR2. Alternatively, the red light-emitting regions PXA-R, green light-emitting regions PXA-G, and blue light-emitting regions PXA-B may be arranged alternately along the first directional axis DR1.

[0088] Although Figures 3 and 4 show that the areas of the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B are all similar, the examples are not limited to these, and the areas of the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may differ from each other depending on the wavelength range of the emitted light. On the other hand, the areas of the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may represent the area as viewed from the plane defined by the first directional axis DR1 and the second directional axis DR2.

[0089] On the other hand, the arrangement of the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B is not limited to that shown in Figure 3, and the order in which the red light-emitting region PXA-R, green light-emitting region PXA-G, and blue light-emitting region PXA-B are arranged can be provided in various combinations depending on the display quality characteristics required by the display device DD. For example, the arrangement of the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B can be Pentile. TM ) Arrangement form, or diamond (Diamond Pixel) TM ) It may have the form of an array.

[0090] Furthermore, the areas of the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may differ from each other. For example, in one embodiment, the area of ​​the green light-emitting region PXA-G may be smaller than the area of ​​the blue light-emitting region PXA-B, but the embodiment is not limited to this.

[0091] Figure 5 below is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting element according to one embodiment. The light-emitting element ED according to one embodiment may include a first electrode EL1, a second electrode EL2 facing the first electrode EL1, and at least one functional layer disposed between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2. The light-emitting element ED according to one embodiment may include a condensed polycyclic compound according to one embodiment, which will be described later, in at least one functional layer.

[0092] The light-emitting element ED may include a hole transport region HTR, an emissive layer EML, and an electron transport region ETR, which are sequentially stacked as at least one functional layer. In other words, one embodiment of the light-emitting element ED may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, an emissive layer EML, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2, which are sequentially stacked. The light-emitting element ED may further include a capping layer CPL disposed on the second electrode EL2.

[0093] One embodiment of the light-emitting element ED may contain the condensed polycyclic compound of the embodiment described later in at least one functional layer included in the light-emitting element ED. In one embodiment of the light-emitting element ED, the condensed polycyclic compound of the embodiment may be included in at least one of the hole transport region HTR, the light-emitting layer EML, and the electron transport region ETR. For example, in one embodiment of the light-emitting element ED, the light-emitting layer EML may contain the condensed polycyclic compound of the embodiment.

[0094] The first electrode EL1 is conductive. The first electrode EL1 may consist of a metallic material, a metallic alloy, or a conductive compound. The first electrode EL1 may be an anode or a cathode, however, the examples are not limited to these. The first electrode EL1 may also be a pixel electrode. The first electrode EL1 may be a transmissive electrode, a semitransmissive electrode, or a reflective electrode. The first electrode EL1 may contain at least one selected from Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, W, In, Sn, and Zn, 22 or more compounds selected from these, a mixture of two or more selected from these, or oxides thereof.

[0095] If the first electrode EL1 is a transmissive electrode, it may contain transparent metal oxides, such as ITO (indium tin oxide), IZO (indium zinc oxide), ZnO (zinc oxide), ITZO (indium tin zinc oxide), etc. If the first electrode EL1 is a semi-transmissive or reflective electrode, it may contain Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF / Ca (a layered structure of LiF and Ca), LiF / Al (a layered structure of LiF and Al), Mo, Ti, W, or compounds or mixtures thereof (for example, a mixture of Ag and Mg). Alternatively, the first electrode EL1 may have a multi-layer structure including a reflective or semi-transmissive film made of the above materials, and a transparent conductive film made of ITO, IZO, ZnO, ITZO, etc. For example, the first electrode EL1 may have a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO, but is not limited to this. Furthermore, the examples are not limited to those described above, and the first electrode EL1 may include the metal material described above, a combination of two or more metal materials selected from the metal materials described above, or an oxide of the metal material described above. The thickness of the first electrode EL1 may be approximately 700 Å to approximately 10000 Å. For example, the thickness of the first electrode EL1 may be approximately 1000 Å to approximately 3000 Å.

[0096] The hole transport region (HTR) is provided on the first electrode EL1. The hole transport region (HTR) may include at least one of a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), a hole buffer layer or luminescence auxiliary layer (not shown), and an electron blocking layer (EBL). The thickness of the hole transport region (HTR) may be, for example, about 50 Å to about 15,000 Å.

[0097] The hole transport region (HTR) may have a single layer made of a single material, a single layer made of multiple different materials, or a multilayer structure having multiple layers made of multiple different materials.

[0098] For example, the hole transport region HTR may have a single-layer structure of a hole injection layer HIL or a hole transport layer HTL, or it may have a single-layer structure consisting of a hole injection material and a hole transport material. Furthermore, the hole transport region HTR may have a single-layer structure consisting of multiple different materials, or it may have a structure of a hole injection layer HIL / hole transport layer HTL, a hole injection layer HIL / hole transport layer HTL / buffer layer (not shown), a hole injection layer HIL / buffer layer (not shown), a hole transport layer HTL / buffer layer (not shown), or a hole injection layer HIL / hole transport layer HTL / electron blocking layer EBL (not shown) stacked sequentially from the first electrode EL1, but the examples are not limited to these.

[0099] Hole transport regions (HTRs) can be formed using a variety of methods, including vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method, inkjet printing, laser printing, and laser-induced thermal imaging (LITI).

[0100] The hole transport region (HTR) may contain a compound represented by the following chemical formula H-1. [Chemical formula H-1] [ka]

[0101] In chemical formula H-1, L1 and L2 can each be independently a directly bonded, substituted, or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. a and b can each be independently an integer between 0 and 10. On the other hand, if a or b is an integer of 2 or more, then multiple L1 and L2 can each be independently a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0102] In chemical formula H-1, Ar1 to Ar2 can each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. Furthermore, in chemical formula H-1, Ar3 can be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0103] The compound represented by the chemical formula H-1 may be a monoamine compound. Alternatively, the compound represented by the chemical formula H-1 may be a diamine compound in which at least one of Ar1 to Ar3 has an amine group as a substituent. Alternatively, the compound represented by the chemical formula H-1 may be a carbazole compound in which at least one of Ar1 to Ar2 has a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group, or a fluorene compound in which at least one of Ar1 to Ar2 has a substituted or unsubstituted fluorene group.

[0104] A compound represented by the chemical formula H-1 can be any one of the compounds in compound group H listed below. However, the compounds listed in compound group H are illustrative examples, and the compound represented by the chemical formula H-1 is not limited to those shown in compound group H. [Compound group H] [ka] [ka] [ka]

[0105] The hole transport region (HTR) is used for phthalocyanine compounds such as copper phthalocyanine, and DNTPD(N 1 ,N 1’ -([1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(N 1 -phenyl-N 4 ,N4 -di-m-tolylbenzene-1,,4-diamine), m-MTDATA(4,4',4”-[tris(3-methylphenyl)phenylamino)triphenylamino], TDATA(4,4',4”-tris(N,N-diphenylamino)triphenylamine), 2-TNATA(4,4',4”-tris[N(2-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]-triphenylamine), PEDOT / PSS(poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(4-styrenesulfonate), PANI / DBSA(polyaniline / dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid) It may contain, among others, PANI / CSA (polyaniline / camphor sulfonic acid), PANI / PSS ((polyaniline) / poly(4-styrene sulfonate)), NPB (N,N'-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-benzidine), polyether ketone containing triphenylamine (TPAPEK), 4-isopropyl-4'-methyldiphenyliodonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) borate, HATCN (dipyradino[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitride), etc.

[0106] The hole transport region HTR may include, for example, carbazole derivatives such as N-phenylcarbazole and polyvinylcarbazole, fluorene derivatives, triphenylamine derivatives such as TPD (N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine) and TCTA (4,4',4"-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine), NPB (N,N'-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-benzidine), TAPC (4,4'-cyclohexylidenebis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)benzeneamine]), and HMTPD (4,4'-bis[N,N'-(3-tolyl)amino]-3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl).

[0107] Furthermore, the hole transport region HTR may include CzSi(9-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3,6-bis(triphenylsilyl)-9H-(carbazole), CCP(9-phenyl-9H-3,9'-bicarbazole), or mDCP(1,3-bis(1,8-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)benzene), α-NPD(N,N'-bis(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)-2,2'-dimethylbenzidine), etc.

[0108] The hole transport region HTR may include at least one of the hole injection layer HIL, hole transport layer HTL, and electron blocking layer, with the aforementioned hole transport region compound.

[0109] The thickness of the hole transport region (HTR) can be approximately 100 Å to 10,000 Å, for example, approximately 100 Å to 5,000 Å. If the hole transport region (HTR) includes a hole injection layer (HIL), the thickness of the hole injection layer (HIL) can be, for example, approximately 30 Å to 1,000 Å. If the hole transport region (HTR) includes a hole transport layer (HTL), the thickness of the hole transport layer (HTL) can be approximately 30 Å to 1,000 Å. For example, if the hole transport region (HTR) includes a hole blocking layer, the thickness of the hole blocking layer can be, for example, approximately 10 Å to 1,000 Å. If the thicknesses of the hole transport region (HTR), hole injection layer (HIL), hole transport layer (HTL), and electron blocking layer satisfy the above-described ranges, satisfactory hole transport characteristics can be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

[0110] The hole transport region (HTR) may further contain charge-generating materials in addition to the materials described above to improve conductivity. The charge-generating material may be uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed within the hole transport region (HTR). The charge-generating material may be, for example, a p-dopant. The p-dopant may contain, but is not limited to, at least one of metal halide compounds, quinone derivatives, metal oxides, and cyano group-containing compounds. For example, p-dopants include metal halide compounds such as CuI and RBI, quinone derivatives such as TCNQ (tetracyanoquinodimethane) and F4-TCNQ (2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7',8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane), metal oxides such as tungsten oxide and molybdenum oxide, and cyano group-containing compounds such as HATCN (dipyradino[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonnitrile) and NDP9 (4-[[2,3-bis[cyano-(4-cyano-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)methylidene]cyclopropylidene]-cyanomethyl]-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzonitrile), but the examples are not limited to these.

[0111] As described above, the hole transport region (HTR) may further include at least one of a buffer layer (not shown) and an electron blocking layer (not shown), in addition to the hole transport layer (HTL) and the hole injection layer (HIL). The buffer layer (not shown) can increase the light emission efficiency by compensating for the resonance distance due to the wavelength of light emitted from the light emission layer (EML). The material included in the buffer layer (not shown) may be a material that can be included in the hole transport region (HTR). The electron blocking layer (not shown) is a layer that prevents the injection of electrons from the electron transport region (ETR) into the hole transport region (HTR).

[0112] The luminescent layer (EML) may be provided on top of the hole transport region (HTR). The luminescent layer (EML) may have a thickness of, for example, about 100 Å to about 1000 Å, or about 100 Å to about 300 Å. The luminescent layer (EML) may have a multilayer structure consisting of a single layer made of a single material, a single layer made of multiple different materials, or multiple layers made of multiple different materials.

[0113] In one embodiment, the light-emitting element ED may contain a condensed polycyclic compound represented by the following chemical formula 1 in at least one functional layer disposed between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2. In the light-emitting element ED of one embodiment, the light-emitting layer EML may contain the condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment. In one embodiment, the light-emitting layer EML may contain the condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment as a dopant. The condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment may be a dopant material for the light-emitting layer EML. On the other hand, in this specification, the condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment may be referred to as the first compound.

[0114] The condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment may contain three boron atoms as ring-forming atoms. In one embodiment, the condensed polycyclic compound may be a five-ring first condensed ring compound containing a first boron atom as a ring-forming atom, a second condensed ring compound containing a second boron atom as a ring-forming atom, and a third condensed ring compound containing a third boron atom as a ring-forming atom, all bonded together. For example, the first complex ring compound may be represented by FR-1 below, the second complex ring compound may be represented by FR-2 below, and the third complex ring compound may be represented by FR-3 below. The condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment may be a first to third condensed polycyclic compound represented by FR-1 to FR-3, all bonded together. [ka]

[0115] In one example, the condensed polycyclic compounds may be bonded by the first condensed polycyclic compound and the second condensed polycyclic compound sharing one ring, and the second condensed polycyclic compound and the third condensed polycyclic compound may be bonded to each other sharing one ring. In other words, the second condensed ring compound may be bonded to either the first condensed ring compound or the third condensed ring compound, and the first condensed ring compound and the third condensed ring compound may not be bonded to each other. In one example, the first condensed ring compound represented by FR-1 and the second condensed ring compound represented by FR-2 may be bonded to each other sharing a ring containing Y8 and Y9 as ring-forming atoms. The second condensed ring compound represented by FR-2 and the third condensed ring compound represented by FR-3 are Y 14Rings containing as ring-forming atoms can be shared and bonded to one another. In this specification, the structure formed by the bonding of the first to third fused ring compounds to one another may be referred to as a "fused ring core". On the other hand, in FR-1, FR-2, and FR-3, X1 to X6 and Y1 to Y 21 The same content as defined in Chemical Formula 1, described later, may apply to this.

[0116] One example of a condensed polycyclic compound can be represented by the following chemical formula 1. [Chemical formula 1] [ka]

[0117] In chemical formula 1, X1 to X6 are each independently O, S, or NR. x It is possible. In one embodiment, X1 to X6 are each independently O or NR x This is possible. In one embodiment, at least one of X1 to X6 is O, and the rest are NR x It is possible. For example, one of X1 to X6 is O, and the remaining X1 to X6 that are not O are NR X This is possible. In this case, multiple NRs x They may be the same or different from each other. In one embodiment, at least two of X1 to X6 are O, and the rest are NR x This is possible. For example, two, three, or four of X1 to X6 are O, and the remaining X1 to X6 that are not O are NR X This is possible. In this case, multiple NRs x They may be the same or they may be different from one another.

[0118] In chemical formula 1, Y1~Y 21 Each is independently N or CR y This is possible. In one embodiment, Y1~Y 21 All of them are CR y This is possible. And not limited to this, Y1~Y 21 At least one of them is N, and Y1~Y 21 Of those, the remaining ones that are not N are CR y It is possible.

[0119] In chemical formula 1, R x R may be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. In one example, R x R can be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. For example, R x The group may be a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted terphenyl group, but the examples are not limited to these.

[0120] In chemical formula 1, R y R can be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. In one example, R y R can be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. For example, R y The group may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted methyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted t-butyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group, but the examples are not limited to these.

[0121] In one embodiment, the first compound represented by chemical formula 1 may be represented by chemical formula 2. The first compound represented by chemical formula 2 is represented by Y1 to Y in chemical formula 1. 21 All of them are CR y This could be the case. The condensed polycyclic compound of one example can be represented by chemical formula 2. [Chemical formula 2] [ka]

[0122] In chemical formula 2, R1 to R7 can each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. In one example, R1 to R7 can each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. For example, R1 to R7 can each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted methyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted t-butyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group, but the examples are not limited to these.

[0123] In chemical formula 2, a and e can each be independent integers between 0 and 3. If a and e are both 0 in chemical formula 2, the condensed polycyclic compound of one example may have R1 and R6 unsubstituted. If a and e are both 3, and R1 and R6 are both hydrogen atoms, it may be the same as when a and e are both 0. If a and e are each integers greater than or equal to 2, then the multiple R1 and R6 provided may all be the same, or at least one of the multiple R1 and R6 may be different.

[0124] In chemical formula 2, b, d, and f can each be an independent integer between 0 and 4. In chemical formula 2, if b, d, and f are each 0, then the condensed polycyclic compound of one example is R 2、R4 and R7 may each be unsubstituted. If b, d, and f are each 4 and each of R2, R4, and R7 is a hydrogen atom, it may be the same as the case where b, d, and f are each 0. If b, d, and f are each an integer of 2 or more, each of the plurality of R2, R4, and R7 provided may be the same or at least one of the plurality of R2, R4, and R7 may be different.

[0125] In Chemical Formula 2, c may be an integer of 0 or more and 2 or less. In Chemical Formula 2, if c is 0, the condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment may be one in which R3 is unsubstituted. If c is 4 and each of R3 is a hydrogen atom, it may be the same as the case where c is 0. If c is an integer of 2 or more, each of the plurality of R3 provided may be the same or at least one of the plurality of R3 may be different.

[0126] In Chemical Formula 2, the same content as that described for Chemical Formula 1 may be applicable to X1 to X6.

[0127] In one embodiment, the first compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 may be represented by the following Chemical Formula 3. That is, the condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment may be represented by Chemical Formula 3. [Chemical Formula 3] [Chemical Structure]

[0128] In the above Chemical Formula 3, R i1 , R j1 , R k2 , R l1 , and R m1 may each independently be a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom. In one embodiment, each of R i1 , R j1 , R k2 , R l1 , and R m1 may be a hydrogen atom. Not limited to this, each of R i1 , R j1 , R k2 , Rl1 、and R m1 At least one of them can be a deuterium atom, and the rest can be hydrogen atoms.

[0129] In Chemical Formula 3, R i2 、R j2 、R k2 、R l2 、and R m2 can each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. For example, R i2 、R j2 、R k2 、R l2 、and R m2 can each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted methyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted t-butyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group, but the examples are not limited thereto.

[0130] In Chemical Formula 3, i1 and l1 can each independently be an integer of 0 or more and 3 or less. In Chemical Formula 3, if i1 and l1 are each 0, a condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment can be one in which R i1 and R l1 are each unsubstituted. If i1 and l1 are each 3 and R i1 and R l1 are each hydrogen atoms, it can be the same as the case where i1 and l1 are each 0. If i1 and l1 are each an integer of 2 or more, R i1 and R l1 provided in plural can each be the same, or at least one of plural R i1 and R l1 can be different.

[0131] In Chemical Formula 3, j1, k1, and m1 can each independently be an integer of 0 or more and 4 or less. In Chemical Formula 3, if j1, k1, and m1 are each 0, a condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment is R j1 、RK1 , and R m1 Each of them may be unsubstituted. j1, k1, and m1 are each 4, R j1 , R K1 , and R m1 If each of them is a hydrogen atom, it can be the same as when j1, k1, and m1 are all 0. If j1, k1, and m1 are all integers of 2 or more, then multiple R values ​​are provided. j1 , R K1 , and R m1 Each of them is the same, or multiple Rs. j1 , R K1 , and R m1 At least one of them may be different.

[0132] In chemical formula 3, i2, j2, k2, l2, and m2 can each be independently 0 or 1. In chemical formula 3, if i2, j2, k2, l2, and m2 are each 0, then the condensed polycyclic compound of one example is R i2 , R j2 , R k2 , R l2 , and R m2 Each of them may be unsubstituted. In chemical formula 3, at least one of i2, j2, k2, l2, and m2 may be 1. For example, one, two, three, or four of i2, j2, k2, l2, and m2 may be 1. In other words, the condensed polycyclic compound of one example has R in the condensed ring core. i2 , R j2 , R k2 , R l2 , and R m2 One, two, three, or four of the substituents may be substituted.

[0133] In chemical formula 3, the same principles as those explained in chemical formula 1 may apply to X1 through X6.

[0134] In one embodiment, the first compound represented by chemical formula 1 may be represented by the following chemical formula 4. The condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment may be represented by chemical formula 4. [Chemical formula 4] [ka]

[0135] In chemical formula 4, R a1 , R a2 , R b1 , R b2 , R c1 , R c2 , R d1 , R d2 , R e1 , and R e2 Each of these can independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. For example, R a1 , R a2 , R b1 , R b2 , R c1 , R c2 , R d1 , R d2 , R e1 , and R e2 Each of these can independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted methyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted t-butyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group.

[0136] In one embodiment, R a1 , R a2 , R b1 , R b2 , R c1 , R c2 , R d1 , R d2 , R e1 , and R e2 Each of these can independently be a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom. For example, R a1 , R a2 , R b1 , R b2 , R c1 , R c2 , R d1 , R d2 , R e1 , and R e2All of these can be hydrogen atoms. However, R a1 , R a2 , R b1 , R b2 , R c1 , R c2 , R d1 , R d2 , R e1 , and R e2 At least one of them could be a deuterium atom.

[0137] In one embodiment, R a2 , R b2 , R c2 , R d2 , and R e2 At least one of these may be a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. For example, R a2 , R b2 , R c2 , R d2 , and R e2 At least one of these may be a substituted or unsubstituted methyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted t-butyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group. a2 , R b2 , R c2 , R d2 , and R e2 If at least one of them is an alkyl group, an aryl group, and / or a heteroaryl group, then R a1 , R b1 , R c1 , R d1 , and R e1 Each of these may be a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom, but the examples are not limited to these.

[0138] In chemical formula 4, the same principles as those explained in chemical formula 1 may apply to X1 through X6.

[0139] In one embodiment, at least one of the hydrogen atoms of the first compound may be substituted with a deuterium atom. The condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment represented by each of Chemical Formula 1, Chemical Formula 2, Chemical Formula 3, and Chemical Formula 4 may contain at least one deuterium atom as a substituent.

[0140] The condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment may be any one of the compounds shown in the following Group 1 Compounds. At least one functional layer contained in the light-emitting device ED of one embodiment may contain at least one condensed polycyclic compound among the compounds shown in Group 1 Compounds. The light-emitting device ED of one embodiment may contain at least one condensed polycyclic compound among the compounds shown in Group 1 Compounds in the light-emitting layer EML. [Group 1 Compounds]

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[0141] In the specific compounds presented in the first group of compounds, "D" represents a deuterium atom.

[0142] In one embodiment, the condensed polycyclic compound has a core structure containing three boron atoms formed by the bonding of three condensed ring compounds, thereby achieving improved luminescence efficiency and longer lifespan.

[0143] In one embodiment, the condensed polycyclic compound may have a second condensed ring compound containing a second boron atom that can bond a first condensed ring compound containing a first boron atom to a third condensed ring compound containing a third boron atom. The second condensed ring compound may be bonded to the first condensed ring compound by sharing one ring. Furthermore, the second condensed ring compound may be bonded to the third condensed ring compound by sharing one ring. Thus, the condensed polycyclic compound in one embodiment may include a structure in which the first to third condensed ring compounds are bonded to each other. [Chemical formula 1A] [ka]

[0144] Chemical formula 1A above shows the electron acceptor and electron donor portions in chemical formula 1 of one embodiment. Referring to chemical formula 1, in the condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment, the portion where the first condensed ring compound and the second condensed ring compound are bonded may be the electron acceptor, and the portion of the third condensed ring compound may be the electron donor. The condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment can improve its multiple resonance properties by including the first and second condensed ring compounds acting as electron acceptors and the third condensed ring compound acting as an electron donor in its molecular structure. As a result, the condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment can exhibit strong emission intensity and high absorbance.

[0145] Furthermore, the condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment may exhibit a LUMO (Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital) at the region where the first condensed ring compound and the second condensed ring compound are bonded, and a HOMO (Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital) at the region of the third condensed ring compound. In the condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment, the LUMO and HOMO are not evenly distributed in the condensed ring core, and the LUMO and HOMO may be unevenly distributed in certain areas. In other words, the condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment can improve its luminescence properties by imparting charge transfer (CT) properties to the condensed ring core through HOMO-LUMO separation, which can contribute to extending the lifespan of the light-emitting element (ED).

[0146] The condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment contains the first and second boron atoms as shown by the dashed-dotted line in chemical formula 1A. The portion shown in JPEG2026101798000084.jpg542 represents the electron acceptor and LUMO, and the dotted line of chemical formula 1A contains the third boron atom. The portion shown in JPEG2026101798000085.jpg442 may represent the electron donor and HOMO.

[0147] The condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment can achieve a faster delayed fluorescence lifetime by including a core structure in which three condensed ring compounds, each containing one boron atom, are bonded together, thereby contributing to a longer lifespan for the light-emitting diode (ED). Furthermore, the condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment can improve multiple resonance properties and Stokes shift by including a core structure in which three condensed ring compounds are bonded together, thereby improving the material stability and luminescence properties of the condensed polycyclic compound. Therefore, a light-emitting diode (ED) containing the condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment as a light-emitting material can exhibit high efficiency and long lifetime characteristics.

[0148] In one embodiment, the emission spectrum of the condensed polycyclic compound of the embodiment represented by chemical formula 1 may have a full width at half maximum (FMAX) of 20 nm to 40 nm, or 20 nm to 30 nm. The first compound represented by chemical formula 1 exhibits excellent color purity when applied as a dopant material for light-emitting diodes (EDs) because its emission spectrum has a FMAX in the aforementioned range.

[0149] In one embodiment, the condensed polycyclic compound represented by chemical formula 1 can be a thermally activated delayed fluorescence material. Furthermore, the condensed polycyclic compound represented by chemical formula 1 can be a thermally activated delayed fluorescence material, where the difference between the lowest triplet excitation energy level (T1) and the lowest singlet excitation energy level (S1) is ΔE ST ) may be a thermally activated delayed fluorescent dopant having a ΔE of 0.2 eV or less. The condensed polycyclic compound of one example represented by chemical formula 1 has a difference (ΔE) between the lowest triplet excitation energy level (T1) and the lowest singlet excitation energy level (S1). ST ) may be a thermally activated delayed fluorescent dopant with a voltage of 0.2 eV or less. However, the examples are not limited to this.

[0150] In one embodiment, the condensed polycyclic compound of the embodiment represented by chemical formula 1 may include a structure to which the first to third condensed ring compounds are bonded. By adjusting the bonding structure, substituents, ring-forming atoms, etc., of the first to third condensed ring compounds, the singlet and triplet energy levels of the overall compound can be appropriately adjusted. As a result, the condensed polycyclic compound according to one embodiment of the present invention may exhibit improved thermally activated delayed fluorescence properties.

[0151] The condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment, represented by chemical formula 1, may be a light-emitting material having a emission center wavelength in the wavelength range of 430 nm to 490 nm. For example, the condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment, represented by chemical formula 1, may be a blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) dopant. However, the examples are not limited to this, and when the condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment is used as a light-emitting material, it may be used as a dopant substance that emits light in various wavelength ranges, such as a red light-emitting dopant or a green light-emitting dopant.

[0152] In one embodiment of the light-emitting element ED, the light-emitting layer EML may emit delayed fluorescence. For example, the light-emitting layer EML may emit thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). However, it is not limited to this, and the light-emitting layer EML may emit phosphorescence or fluorescence.

[0153] Furthermore, the light-emitting layer (EML) of the light-emitting element (ED) may emit blue light. For example, the light-emitting layer (EML) of the organic electroluminescent element (ED) in one embodiment may emit blue light in the wavelength range of 490 nm or less. However, the embodiment is not limited to this, and the light-emitting layer (EML) may emit green light or red light.

[0154] On the other hand, the condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment may be included in the light-emitting layer EML. The condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment may be included in the light-emitting layer EML as a dopant material. The condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment may be a thermally activated delayed fluorescence light-emitting material. The condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment may be used as a thermally activated delayed fluorescence dopant. For example, in the light-emitting element ED of one embodiment, the light-emitting layer EML may contain at least one of the condensed polycyclic compounds shown in the first compound group described above as a thermally activated delayed fluorescence dopant. However, the uses of the condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment are not limited to this.

[0155] In one embodiment, the light-emitting layer EML may contain multiple compounds. The light-emitting layer EML of one embodiment contains a condensed polycyclic compound represented by chemical formula 1, i.e., a first compound, and may further contain at least one of the following: a second compound represented by chemical formula HT-1, a third compound represented by chemical formula ET-1, and a fourth compound represented by chemical formula D-1.

[0156] In one embodiment, the light-emitting layer EML contains a first compound represented by chemical formula 1, and may also contain at least one of the following: a second compound represented by chemical formula HT-1, and a third compound represented by chemical formula ET-1.

[0157] In one embodiment, the light-emitting layer EML may contain a second compound represented by the following chemical formula HT-1. In one embodiment, the second compound may be used as a hole-transporting host material for the light-emitting layer EML. [Chemical formula HT-1] [ka]

[0158] In the chemical formula HT-1, A1 to A8 are each independently either N or CR. 51 It is possible. For example, A1 to A8 are all CR 51 It is possible. Alternatively, one of A1-A8 is N and the rest are CR. 51 It is possible.

[0159] In the chemical formula HT-1, L1 is a directly bonded, substituted, or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. For example, L1 may be a directly bonded, substituted, or unsubstituted phenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent biphenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted divalent carbazole group, but the examples are not limited to these.

[0160] In the chemical formula HT-1, Y a Direct coupling, CR 52 R 53, or SiR 54 R 55 It is possible. In other words, the two benzene rings bonded to the nitrogen atom of chemical formula HT-1 are directly bonded. JPEG2026101798000087.jpg1619, or This could mean that they are bonded via JPEG2026101798000088.jpg1619. In the chemical formula HT-1, Y a If the bond is direct, the substituent represented by the chemical formula HT-1 may include a carbazole substructure.

[0161] In the chemical formula HT-1, Ar1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. For example, Ar1 may be a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuran group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophene group, or a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl group, but the examples are not limited to these.

[0162] In the chemical formula HT-1, R 51 ~R 55 Each of these can independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring-forming carbon atoms. Or, R 51 ~R 55 Each can bond with an adjacent group to form a ring. For example, R 51 ~R 55 Each of these can independently be a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom. 51 ~R 55 Each of these can independently be an unsubstituted methyl group or an unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0163] In one embodiment, the second compound represented by the chemical formula HT-1 may be any one of the compounds shown in the second compound group below. The light-emitting layer EML may contain at least one of the compounds shown in the second compound group below as a hole-transporting host material. [Second compound group] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka]

[0164] In the specific compounds presented in the second group of compounds, "D" represents a deuterium atom, and "Ph" can be an unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0165] In one embodiment, the luminescent layer EML may contain a third compound represented by the following chemical formula ET-1. For example, the third compound can be used as an electron-transporting host material for the luminescent layer EML. [Chemical formula ET-1] [ka]

[0166] In the chemical formula ET-1, Z a ~Z c At least one of them is N, and the rest are CR. 56 For example, Z a ~Zc One of them is N, and the remaining two are CR independently. 56 This is possible. In this case, the third compound represented by chemical formula ET-1 may include a pyridine substructure. Or, Z a ~Z c Two of them are N, and the remaining one is CR 56 This is possible. In this case, the third compound represented by the chemical formula ET-1 may include a pyrimidine substructure. For example, Z a ~Z c All of these can be N. In this case, the third compound represented by the chemical formula ET-1 may contain a triazine substructure.

[0167] In chemical formula ET-1, R 56 This can be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0168] In chemical formula ET-1, g1 to g3 can each be an independent integer between 0 and 10.

[0169] In chemical formula ET-1, Ar b ~Ar d Each of these can independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. For example, Ar b ~Ar d This can be a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group.

[0170] In chemical formula ET-1, L2 to L4 are each independently a directly bonded, substituted, or unsubstituted arylene group with 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group with 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. On the other hand, if b1 to b3 are integers of 2 or more, then L2 to L4 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group with 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group with 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0171] In one embodiment, the third compound may be represented by any one of the compounds in the third compound group described below. The light-emitting element ED in one embodiment may contain any one of the compounds in the third compound group described below. [Third compound group] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka]

[0172] In the specific compounds presented in the third group of compounds, "D" represents a deuterium atom, and "Ph" represents an unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0173] The luminescent layer EML contains a second compound and a third compound, and the second and third compounds can form an exciplex. In the luminescent layer EML, an exciplex can be formed by a hole-transporting host and an electron-transporting host. In this case, the triplet energy of the exciplex formed by the hole-transporting host and the electron-transporting host may correspond to the difference between the LUMO (Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital) energy level of the electron-transporting host and the HOMO (Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital) energy level of the hole-transporting host.

[0174] For example, the absolute value of the triplet energy (T1) of an excyplex formed by a hole-transporting host and an electron-transporting host may be between 2.4 eV and 3.0 eV. Furthermore, the triplet energy of the excyplex may be smaller than the energy gap of each host material. An excyplex may have a triplet energy of 3.0 eV or less, which is the energy gap between the hole-transporting host and the electron-transporting host.

[0175] In one embodiment, the luminescent layer EML may contain a fourth compound in addition to the first to third compounds described above. The fourth compound can be used as a phosphorescent sensitizer for the luminescent layer EML. Energy can be transferred from the fourth compound to the first compound, causing luminescence.

[0176] For example, the light-emitting layer EML may contain Pt (platinum) as the central metal atom and an organometallic complex containing a ligand bound to the central metal atom as the fourth compound. In one embodiment of the light-emitting element ED, the light-emitting layer EML may contain a compound represented by the following chemical formula D-1 as the fourth compound. [Chemical formula D-1] [ka]

[0177] In chemical formula D-1, Q1 to Q4 can each be either C or N independently.

[0178] In chemical formula D-1, C1 to C4 are each independently substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon rings with 5 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocycles with 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0179] TIFF2026101798000105.tif20170

[0180] TIFF2026101798000106.tif68170

[0181] In chemical formula D-1, b11 to b13 can each be independently 0 or 1. If b11 is 0, C1 and C2 may not be bonded to each other. If b12 is 0, C2 and C3 may not be bonded to each other. If b13 is 0, C3 and C4 may not be bonded to each other.

[0182] In chemical formula D-1, R 61 ~R 66 Each of these can independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring-forming carbon atoms. Or, R 61 ~R 66 Each can bond with an adjacent group to form a ring. 61 ~R 66 Each of these can independently be a substituted or unsubstituted methyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted t-butyl group.

[0183] In chemical formula D-1, d1 to d4 are each independent integers between 0 and 4. If d1 to d4 are all 0 in chemical formula D-1, then the fourth compound is R 61 ~R 66 Each of them may be unsubstituted. d1~d4 are each 4, R 61 ~R 66 If each of them is a hydrogen atom, it can be the same as when d1 to d4 are all 0. If each of d1 to d4 is an integer of 2 or more, multiple R values ​​are provided. 61 ~R 66 Each of them is the same, or multiple Rs. 61 ~R 66 At least one of them may be different.

[0184] In chemical formula D-1, C1 to C4 can each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle, represented by any one of the following C-1 to C-5. [ka] [ka]

[0185] TIFF2026101798000109.tif57170

[0186] TIFF2026101798000110.tif32170

[0187] In one embodiment, the luminescent layer EML comprises a first compound, which is a condensed polycyclic compound, and at least one of the second to fourth compounds. For example, the luminescent layer EML may contain the first compound, the second compound, and the third compound. In the luminescent layer EML, the second and third compounds form an excyplex, and energy can be transferred from the excyplex to the first compound, causing luminescence.

[0188] Furthermore, the light-emitting layer EML may contain a first compound, a second compound, a third compound, and a fourth compound. In the light-emitting layer EML, the second and third compounds form an exciplex, and energy can be transferred from the exciplex to the fourth and first compounds, causing light emission. In one embodiment, the fourth chemical formula may be a sensitizer. In the light-emitting element ED of one embodiment, the fourth compound contained in the light-emitting layer EML may function as a sensitizer and play a role in transferring energy from the host to the first compound, which is a light-emitting dopant. In other words, the fourth compound, which acts as an auxiliary dopant, can accelerate the transfer of energy to the first compound, which is a light-emitting dopant, and increase the light emission ratio of the first compound. Therefore, the light-emitting layer EML of one embodiment may have improved luminescence efficiency. Also, if the transfer of energy to the first compound is increased, the excitons formed in the light-emitting layer EML will not accumulate inside the light-emitting layer EML and will emit light quickly, thus reducing the degradation of the element. Therefore, the lifespan of the light-emitting element ED of one embodiment is increased.

[0189] In one embodiment, the light-emitting element (ED) may contain all of the first, second, third, and fourth compounds, and the light-emitting layer (EML) may contain a combination of two host materials and two dopant materials. In the light-emitting element (ED) of one embodiment, the light-emitting layer (EML) may exhibit excellent luminescence efficiency characteristics by simultaneously containing two different host compounds, the second and third compounds, the first compound which emits delayed fluorescence, and the fourth compound which contains an organometallic complex.

[0190] In one embodiment, the fourth compound represented by chemical formula D-1 may be represented by at least one of the compounds shown in the fourth compound group below. The luminescent layer EML may contain at least one of the compounds shown in the fourth compound group below as a sensitizer substance. [Fourth compound group] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] .

[0191] In the specific compounds presented in the fourth group of compounds, "D" represents a deuterium atom.

[0192] On the other hand, the light-emitting element ED of one embodiment may include multiple light-emitting layers. The multiple light-emitting layers are provided by sequentially stacking them, and for example, a light-emitting element ED including multiple light-emitting layers may emit white light. A light-emitting element including multiple light-emitting layers may be a tandem structure light-emitting element. If the light-emitting element ED includes multiple light-emitting layers, at least one light-emitting layer EML may contain the first compound represented by the chemical formula of one embodiment. Furthermore, if the light-emitting element ED includes multiple light-emitting layers, at least one light-emitting layer EML may contain any of the first compound, second compound, third compound, and fourth compound as described above.

[0193] In one embodiment of the light-emitting element ED, if the light-emitting layer EML contains all of the above-mentioned first compound, second compound, third compound, and fourth compound, the content of the first compound may be 0.1 wt% or more and 5 wt% or less based on the total weight of the first, second, third, and fourth compounds. However, it is not limited to this. If the content of the first compound satisfies the above-mentioned ratio, the energy transfer from the second and third compounds to the first compound will increase, thereby improving the luminous efficiency and device lifetime.

[0194] In the luminescent layer EML, the content of the second and third compounds may be the remainder after excluding the weight of the first and fourth compounds mentioned above. For example, in the luminescent layer EML, the content of the second and third compounds may be 65 wt% to 95 wt% based on the total weight of the first, second, third, and fourth compounds.

[0195] In terms of the total weight of the second and third compounds, the weight ratio of the second and third compounds may be approximately 3:7 to 7:3.

[0196] If the content of the second and third compounds satisfies the above-mentioned ratio, the charge balance characteristics within the light-emitting layer (EML) will be improved, which may lead to improved luminous efficiency and device lifetime. If the content of the second and third compounds deviates from the above-mentioned ratio, the charge balance within the light-emitting layer (EML) will be disrupted, reducing luminous efficiency and potentially degrading the device.

[0197] When the emissive layer EML contains the fourth compound, the content of the fourth compound in the emissive layer EML may be approximately 4 wt% to 30 wt%, based on the total weight of the first, second, third, and fourth compounds. However, it is not limited to this. If the content of the fourth compound satisfies the above-mentioned content, the energy transfer from the host to the first compound, which is a luminescent dopant, increases, improving the effective ratio, and thereby improving the luminescence efficiency of the emissive layer EML. If the first, second, third, and fourth compounds contained in the emissive layer EML satisfy the above-mentioned content ratio range, excellent luminescence efficiency and long lifetime can be achieved.

[0198] In one embodiment of the light-emitting element ED, the light-emitting layer EML may contain an anthracene derivative, a pyrene derivative, a fluorantene derivative, a chrysene derivative, a dihydrobenzanthracene derivative, or a triphenylene derivative. More specifically, the light-emitting layer EML may contain an anthracene derivative or a pyrene derivative.

[0199] In the light-emitting element ED of one embodiment shown in Figures 5 to 8, the light-emitting layer EML further contains known hosts and dopants in addition to the hosts and dopants described above. For example, the light-emitting layer EML may contain a compound represented by the following chemical formula E-1. The compound represented by the following chemical formula E-1 can be used as a fluorescent host material. [Chemical formula E-1] [ka]

[0200] In chemical formula E-1, R 31 ~R 40 Each of these may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted ring-forming aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted ring-forming heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, or may be bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring. On the other hand, R 31 ~R 40 These groups can bond with adjacent groups to form saturated hydrocarbon rings, unsaturated hydrocarbon rings, saturated heterocycles, or unsaturated heterocycles.

[0201] In chemical formula E-1, c and d can each be independent integers between 0 and 5, inclusive.

[0202] Chemical formula E-1 may be represented by any one of the following compounds E1 to E19. [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka]

[0203] In one embodiment, the light-emitting layer EML may contain a compound represented by the following chemical formula E-2a or chemical formula E-2b. The compound represented by the following chemical formula E-2a or chemical formula E-2b can be used as a phosphorescent host material. [Chemical formula E-2a] [ka]

[0204] In chemical formula E-2a, a is an integer between 0 and 10, and L a This can be a directly bonded, substituted, or unsubstituted ring-forming arylene group with 6 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted ring-forming heteroarylene group with 2 to 30 carbon atoms. On the other hand, if a is an integer of 2 or more, L a Each of these can independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0205] In chemical formula E-2a, A1 to A5 are each independently either N or CR. i It is possible. a ~R i Each of these groups may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted ring-forming aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted ring-forming heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, or may be bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring. a ~R i These groups can bond with adjacent groups to form hydrocarbon rings or heterocycles containing N, O, S, etc., as ring-forming atoms.

[0206] On the other hand, in chemical formula E-2a, two or three selected from A1 to A5 are N and the rest are CR. i It is possible.

[0207] [Chemical formula E-2b] [ka] In the chemical formula E-2b, Cbz1 and Cbz2 can each be independently a carbazole group or a carbazole group substituted with an aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. b is a directly bonded, substituted, or unsubstituted ring-forming arylene group with 6 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted ring-forming heteroarylene group with 2 to 30 carbon atoms. On the other hand, b is an integer between 0 and 10, and if b is an integer of 2 or more, multiple L b Each of these can independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0208] The compound represented by chemical formula E-2a and the compound represented by E-2b may be represented by any one of the compounds in compound group E-2 below. However, the compounds listed in compound group E-2 below are illustrative examples, and the compounds represented by chemical formula E-2a or chemical formula E-2b are not limited to those shown in compound group E-2 below. [Compound group E-2] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka]

[0209] The luminescent layer (EML) may further include common materials known in the relevant art as host materials. For example, the luminescent layer EML uses BCPDS (bis(4-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)phenyl)diphenylsilane), POPCPA ((4-(1-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)cyclohexyl)phenyl)diphenylphosphine oxide), DPEPO (bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether oxide), CBP (4,4'-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl), mCP (1,3-bis(carbazole-9-yl)benzene), PPF (2,8-bis(diphenylphosphoryl)dibenzo[b,d]furan), TCTA (4,4',4”-tris(carbazole-9-yl)-triphenylamine), and TPBi (1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-yl)benzene) as host materials. It may contain at least one of the following. However, it is not limited to these, and for example, Alq3 (tris(8-hydroxyquinolino)aluminum), ADN (9,10-di(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene), TBADN (3-tert-butyl-9,10-di(naphtho-2-yl)anthracene), DSA (distylyl arylene), CDBP (4,4'-bis(9-carbazolyl)-2,2'-dimethyl-biphenyl), MADN (2-methyl-9,10-bis(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene), CP1 (hexaphenylcyclotriphosphazene), UGH2 (1,4-bis(triphenylsilyl)benzene), DPSiO3 (hexaphenylcyclotrisiloxane), DPSiO4 (octaphenylcyclotetrasiloxane), etc. can be used as host materials.

[0210] The luminescent layer EML may contain a compound represented by the following chemical formula Ma. This compound represented by the following chemical formula Ma can be used as a phosphorescent dopant material. [Chemical formula Ma] [ka]

[0211] In the chemical formula Ma, Y1 to Y4 and Z1 to Z4 are each independently CR1 or N, and R1 to R4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted ring-forming aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted ring-forming heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, or a group that forms a ring by bonding with an adjacent group. In the chemical formula Ma, m is 0 or 1, and n is 2 or 3. In the chemical formula Ma, if m is 0, then n is 3, and if m is 1, then n is 2.

[0212] The compound represented by the chemical formula Ma can be used as a phosphorescent dopant.

[0213] A compound represented by the chemical formula Ma can be any one of the compounds in the following group of compounds M-a1 to M-a25. However, the compounds M-a1 to M-a25 are illustrative examples, and the compound represented by the chemical formula Ma is not limited to those represented by the compounds M-a1 to M-a25. [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka]

[0214] The luminescent layer EML may contain a compound represented by any one of the following chemical formulas Fa to Fc. These compounds can be used as fluorescent dopant materials. [Chemical formula Fa] [ka]

[0215] TIFF2026101798000144.tif100170

[0216] [Chemical formula Fb] [ka] In the chemical formula Fb, R a and R b Each of these groups may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted ring-forming alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted ring-forming aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted ring-forming heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, or a group that forms a ring by bonding with an adjacent group. Ar1 and Ar4 may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted ring-forming aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted ring-forming heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms.

[0217] In chemical formula Fb, U and V can each be independently a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring having 5 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. At least one of Ar1 to Ar4 can be a heteroaryl group containing O or S as a ring-forming atom.

[0218] In the chemical formula Fb, the number of rings represented by U and V can be 0 or 1 independently. For example, in the chemical formula Fb, if the number of U or V is 1, the part represented by U or V constitutes a single-ring fused ring, and if the number of U or V is 0, it means that the ring represented by U or V does not exist. More specifically, if the number of U is 0 and the number of V is 1, or if the number of U is 1 and the number of V is 0, the fused ring with a fluorene core in the chemical formula Fb can be a four-ring cyclic compound. Also, if the number of both U and V is 0, the fused ring with a fluorene core in the chemical formula Fb can be a three-ring cyclic compound. Furthermore, if the number of U and V is 1, the fused ring with a fluorene core in the chemical formula Fb can be a five-ring cyclic compound.

[0219] [Chemical formula Fc] [ka] In the chemical formula Fc, A1 and A2 are independently O, S, Se, or NR, respectively. m And R m R1~R 11 Each of these groups is independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted boryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted ring-forming aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted ring-forming heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, or is bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring.

[0220] In the chemical formula Fc, A1 and A2 can independently bond to substituents on adjacent rings to form fused rings. For example, A1 and A2 can independently form NR mTherefore, A1 may bond with R4 or R5 to form a ring. Also, A2 may bond with R7 or R8 to form a ring.

[0221] In one embodiment, the luminescent layer EML is a known dopant material, and is a styryl derivative (e.g., 1,4-bis[2-(3-N-ethylcarbazol)vinyl]benzene (BCzVB), 4-(di-p-tolylamino)-4'-[(di-p-tolylamino)styryl]stilbene (DPAVB), N-(4-((E)-2-(6-((E)-4-(diphenylamino)styryl)naphthalen-2-yl)vinyl)phenyl)- The following may further be included: N-phenylbenzeneamine (N-BDAVBi), 4,4'-bis[2-(4-(N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl)vinyl]biphenyl (DPAVBi), perylene and its derivatives (e.g., 2,5,8,11-tetra-t-butylperylene (TBP)), pyrene and its derivatives (e.g., 1,1-dipylene, 1,4-dipyrenylbenzene, 1,4-bis(N,N-diphenylamino)pyrene).

[0222] The luminescent layer EML may further contain known phosphorescent dopant materials. For example, metal complexes containing iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), osmium (Os), gold (Au), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), or thulium (Tm) may be used as phosphorescent dopants. Specifically, Flrpic (iridium(III)bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridinate-N,C2')picolinate), Fir6 (bis(2,4-difluorophenylpyridinate)-tetrakis(1-pyrazolyl)borate-iridium(III)) or PtOEP (platinum-octaethylporphyrin) can be used as phosphorescent dopants. However, the examples are not limited to these.

[0223] The light-emitting layer may include quantum dots.

[0224] In this specification, "quantum dot" refers to a crystal of a semiconductor compound. Quantum dots can emit light of various emission wavelengths depending on the size of the crystal. Quantum dots may also emit light of various emission wavelengths by adjusting the elemental ratio within the quantum dot compound.

[0225] The diameter of the quantum dot may be, for example, about 1 nm to 10 nm.

[0226] The quantum dots can be synthesized by wet chemical processes, organometallic chemical vapor deposition processes, molecular beam epitaxy processes, or similar processes.

[0227] The aforementioned wet chemical process involves mixing an organic solvent with a precursor material and then growing quantum dot particle crystals. During crystal growth, the organic solvent naturally acts as a dispersant coordinated to the surface of the quantum dot crystals, thereby regulating the crystal growth. Therefore, the wet chemical process is simpler than vapor deposition methods such as metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) or molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), and allows for control of quantum dot particle growth through a low-cost process.

[0228] The light-emitting layer of the present invention may include a quantum dot material. The core of the quantum dot can be selected from group II-VI compounds, group III-V compounds, group III-VI compounds, group I-III-V compounds, group IV-VI compounds, group IV elements, group IV compounds, and combinations thereof.

[0229] Group II-VI compounds are binary compounds selected from the group consisting of CdSe, CdTe, CdS, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgSe, MgS, and mixtures thereof, CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, CdZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, The group compounds may be selected from the group consisting of CdHgTe, HgZnS, HeZnSe, HeZnTe, MgZnSe, MgZnS, and mixtures thereof, and from the group consisting of quaternary compounds selected from the group consisting of HgZnTeS, CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe, and mixtures thereof. On the other hand, the group II-VI semiconductor compounds may further contain group I metals and / or group IV elements. The group I-II-VI compounds may be selected from CuSnS or CuZnS, and the group II-IV-VI compounds may be selected from ZnSnS, etc. The group I-II-IV-VI compounds may be selected from the group consisting of Cu2ZnSnS2, Cu2ZnSnS4, Cu2ZnSnSe4, Ag2ZnSnS2, and mixtures thereof.

[0230] Group III-VI compounds may include dielemental compounds such as In2S3 and In2Se3, ternary compounds such as InGaS3 and InGaSe3, or any combination thereof.

[0231] Group I-III-VI compounds may be selected from the group consisting of AgInS, AgInS2, CuInS, CuInS2, AgGaS2, CuGaS2, CuGaO2, AgGaO2, AgAlO2, and mixtures thereof, or from quaternary compounds such as AgInGaS2 and CuInGaS2.

[0232] Group III-V compounds can be selected from the group consisting of binary compounds selected from the group consisting of GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, InSb, and mixtures thereof; ternary compounds selected from the group consisting of GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InGaP, InAlP, InNP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, InPSb, and mixtures thereof; and quaternary compounds selected from the group consisting of GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, InAlPSb, and mixtures thereof. On the other hand, Group III-V compounds may further contain Group II metals. For example, InZnP could be selected as a III-II-V group compound.

[0233] Group IV-VI compounds may be selected from the group consisting of binary compounds selected from the group consisting of SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, PbTe, and mixtures thereof; ternary compounds selected from the group consisting of SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe, SnPbTe, and mixtures thereof; and quaternary compounds selected from the group consisting of SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe, SnPbSTe, and mixtures thereof.

[0234] Examples of the aforementioned II-IV-V semiconductor compounds may be ternary compounds selected from the group consisting of ZnSnP, ZnSnP2, ZnSnAs2, ZnGeP2, ZnGeAs2, CdSnP2, and CdGeP2, and mixtures thereof.

[0235] Group IV elements may be selected from the group consisting of Si, Ge, and mixtures thereof. Group IV compounds may be binary compounds selected from the group consisting of SiC, SiGe, and mixtures thereof.

[0236] Each element in a multi-element compound, such as the binary, ternary, and quaternary compounds, can exist within the particles at uniform or non-uniform concentrations. In other words, the chemical formula represents the types of elements contained in the compound, and the elemental ratios within the compound can vary. For example, AgInGaS2 is AgIn x Ga 1-x This could mean S² (where X is a real number between 0 and 1).

[0237] In this case, binary, ternary, or quaternary compounds may exist within the particle at a uniform concentration, or they may be separated into states with partially different concentration distributions and exist within the same particle. Furthermore, one quantum dot may have a core / shell structure surrounding other quantum dots. In a core / shell structure, there may be a concentration gradient where the concentration of elements present in the shell decreases as you move towards the core.

[0238] In some embodiments, the quantum dot may have a core-shell structure comprising a core containing the nanocrystals described above, and a shell surrounding the core. The shell of the quantum dot may act as a protective layer to prevent chemical degradation of the core and maintain its semiconductor properties, and / or as a charging layer to impart electrophoretic properties to the quantum dot. The shell may be a single layer or multiple layers. Examples of the shell of the quantum dot include metallic or nonmetallic oxides, semiconductor compounds, or combinations thereof.

[0239] For example, the metal or nonmetal oxides include binary compounds such as SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, ZnO, MnO, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, CuO, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, CoO, Co3O4, and NiO, or ternary compounds such as MgAl2O4, CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4, and CoMn2O4, but the present invention is not limited to these.

[0240] Furthermore, examples of the semiconductor compound include CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnSeS, ZnTeS, GaAs, GaP, GaSb, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InP, InGaP, InSb, AlAs, AlP, AlSb, and the like, but the present invention is not limited to these.

[0241] Quantum dots have an emission wavelength spectrum with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of approximately 45 nm or less, preferably approximately 40 nm or less, and more preferably approximately 30 nm or less, and can improve color purity and color reproducibility within this range. Furthermore, since the light emitted through such quantum dots is emitted in all directions, the optical viewing angle can be improved.

[0242] Furthermore, the form of the quantum dots is not limited to those commonly used in this field, but more specifically, spherical, pyramidal, multi-arm, or cubic nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibers, or nanoplate-like particles may be used.

[0243] By adjusting the size of the quantum dots or the elemental ratio within the quantum dot compound, the energy band gap can be adjusted, allowing light in a variety of wavelengths to be obtained from the quantum dot light-emitting layer. Therefore, by using quantum dots as described above (either using quantum dots of different sizes or having different elemental ratios within the quantum dot compound), it is possible to realize a light-emitting device that emits light of various wavelengths. Specifically, the size of the quantum dots and the elemental ratio within the quantum dot compound can be selected to emit red, green, and / or blue light. Furthermore, the quantum dots can be configured to emit white light by combining light of various colors.

[0244] In the light-emitting element ED of one embodiment shown in Figure 5, the electron transport region ETR is provided on the light-emitting layer EML. The electron transport region ETR includes, but is not limited to, at least one of a hole blocking layer (not shown), an electron transport layer ETL, and an electron injection layer EIL.

[0245] The electron transport region (ETR) may have a single layer made of a single material, a single layer made of multiple different materials, or a multilayer structure having multiple layers made of multiple different materials.

[0246] For example, the electron transport region (ETR) may have a single-layer structure of an electron injection layer (EIL) or electron transport layer (ETL), or a single-layer structure consisting of an electron injection material and an electron transport material. Furthermore, the electron transport region (ETR) may have a single-layer structure consisting of multiple different materials, or it may have a structure of electron transport layer (ETL) / electron injection layer (EIL) or hole blocking layer (not shown) / electron transport layer (ETL) / electron injection layer (EIL) stacked sequentially from the light-emitting layer (EML), but is not limited to these. The thickness of the electron transport region (ETR) may be, for example, about 1000 Å to about 1500 Å.

[0247] Electron transport regions (ETRs) can be formed using a variety of methods, such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, LB, inkjet printing, laser printing, and laser thermal transfer (LITI).

[0248] The electron transport region (ETR) may contain compounds represented by the following chemical formula ET-2. [Chemical formula ET-2] [ka]

[0249] In the chemical formula ET-2, at least one of X1 to X3 is N and the rest are CR. a That is. R aAr1 to Ar3 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0250] In chemical formula ET-2, a to c can each be an independent integer between 0 and 10. In chemical formula ET-2, L1 and L3 can each be an independent arylene group with 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, either directly bonded, substituted, or unsubstituted, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group with 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. On the other hand, if a to c are integers greater than or equal to 2, then multiple L1 and L3 can each be an independent arylene group with 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, either substituted or unsubstituted, or a heteroarylene group with 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0251] The electron transport region (ETR) may include anthracene compounds. However, it is not limited to these; examples of electron transport region ETRs include Alq3(tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum), 1,3,5-tri[(3-pyridyl)phen-3-yl]benzene, 2,4,6-tris(3'-pyridine-3-yl)biphenyl-3-yl)-1,3,5-triazine, and 2-(4-(N-phenylbenzimidazole-1-yl)phenyl)-9,10-dinaphthylant Spiral, TPBi (1,3,5-tri(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-yl)benzene), BCP (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline), Bphen (4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline), TAZ (3-(4-biphenylyl)-4-phenyl-5-terto-butylphenyl-1,2,4-triazole), NTAZ (4 -(naphthalene-1-yl)-3,5-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole), tBu-PBD(2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-tertobutylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole), BAlq(bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato-N1,O8)-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-olato)aluminum), Bebq2(beryllium bis(benzoquinoline-10-ol) It may contain, ADN (9,10-di(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene), BmPyPhB (1,3-bis[3,5-di(pyridine-3-yl)phenyl]benzene), CNNPTRZ (4'-(4-(4-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl)phenyl)naphthalene-1-yl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-carbonitrile), and mixtures thereof.

[0252] In one embodiment, the electron injection region (ETR) may include any one of the compounds from the third group of compounds described above.

[0253] The electron transport region (ETR) may contain at least one of the following compounds ET1 to ET36. [ka]

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[0254] Furthermore, the electron transport region (ETR) may include metal halides such as LiF, NaCl, CsF, RbCl, RbI, CuI, and KI, lanthanum group metals such as Yb, or co-deposited materials of the aforementioned metal halides and lanthanum group metals. For example, the electron transport region (ETR) may include KI:Yb, RbI:Yb, LiF:Yb, etc., as co-deposited materials. On the other hand, the electron transport region (ETR) may also be a metal oxide such as Li2O, BaO, or Liq(8-hydroxylithium quinolate), but the examples are not limited to these. The electron transport region (ETR) may also consist of a mixture of an electron transport material and an insulating organometallic salt. The organometallic salt may be a material with an energy band gap of about 4 eV or more. For more details, organometallic salts may include metal acetate, metal benzoate, metal acetoacetate, metal acetylacetonate, or metal stearate.

[0255] The electron transport region (ETR) may, but is not limited to, further contain at least one of the following materials: BCP (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline), TSPO1 (diphenyl(4-(triphenylsilyl)phenyl)phosphine oxide), and Bphen (4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline).

[0256] The electron transport region ETR may contain the aforementioned electron transport region compound in at least one of the electron injection layer EIL, electron transport layer ETL, and hole blocking layer.

[0257] If the electron transport region (ETR) includes an electron transport layer (ETL), the thickness of the electron transport layer (ETL) can be approximately 100 Å to 1000 Å, for example, approximately 150 Å to 500 Å. If the thickness of the electron transport layer (HTL) satisfies the above range, satisfactory electron transport characteristics can be obtained without a substantial increase in the driving voltage. If the electron transport region (ETR) includes an electron injection layer (EIL), the thickness of the electron injection layer (EIL) can be approximately 1 Å to 100 Å, or approximately 3 Å to 90 Å. If the thickness of the electron injection layer (EIL) satisfies the above range, satisfactory electron injection characteristics can be obtained without a substantial increase in the driving voltage.

[0258] The second electrode EL2 is provided on the electron transport region ETR. The second electrode EL2 may be a common electrode. The second electrode EL2 may be a cathode or an anode, but the embodiment is not limited to this. For example, if the first electrode EL1 is an anode, the second electrode may be a cathode, and if the first electrode EL1 is a cathode, the second electrode EL2 may be an anode.

[0259] The second electrode EL2 can be a transmissive electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a reflective electrode. If the second electrode EL2 is a transmissive electrode, it can be made of a transparent metal oxide, such as ITO (indium tin oxide), IZO (indium zinc oxide), ZnO (zinc oxide), or ITZO (indium tin zinc oxide).

[0260] If the second electrode EL2 is a semi-transparent or reflective electrode, the second electrode EL2 may contain Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF / Ca, LiF / Al, Mo, Ti, Yb, W, or compounds or mixtures containing these (e.g., AgMg, AgYb, or MgYb). Alternatively, the second electrode EL2 may have a multi-layer structure including a reflective or semi-transparent film made of the above-mentioned material, and a transparent conductive film made of ITO, IZO, ZnO, ITZO, etc. For example, the second electrode EL2 may contain the above-mentioned metallic material, a combination of two or more metallic materials selected from the above-mentioned metallic materials, or an oxide of the above-mentioned metallic material.

[0261] Although not shown in the diagram, the second electrode EL2 can be connected to an auxiliary electrode. Connecting the second electrode EL2 to an auxiliary electrode reduces the resistance of the second electrode EL2.

[0262] On the other hand, a capping layer CPL may be further disposed on the second electrode EL2 of the light-emitting element ED in one embodiment. The capping layer CPL may include a multilayer or monolayer.

[0263] In one embodiment, the capping layer CPL may be an organic or inorganic layer. For example, if the capping layer CPL contains inorganic material, the inorganic material may include alkali metal compounds such as LiF, alkaline earth compounds such as MgF2, SiON, SiNx, SiOy, etc.

[0264] For example, if the capping layer CPL contains organic matter, it may include α-NPD, NPB, TPD, m-MTDATA, Alq3, CuPc, TPD15 (N4,N4,N4',N4'-tetra(biphenyl-4-yl)biphenyl-4,4'-diamine), TCTA (4,4',4”-tris(carbazole-9-yl)triphenylamine), or epoxy resin, or acrylates such as methacrylate. However, the examples are not limited to these, and the capping layer CPL may contain at least one of the compounds P1 to P5 listed below. [ka]

[0265] On the other hand, the refractive index of the capping layer CPL may be 1.6 or higher. More specifically, for light in the wavelength range of 550 nm to 660 nm, the refractive index of the capping layer CPL may be 1.6 or higher.

[0266] Figures 6 to 9 are cross-sectional views of a display device according to one embodiment. In the following description of the display device according to one embodiment, with reference to Figures 6 to 9, we will not repeat the content described in Figures 1 to 5 above, but will focus on the differences.

[0267] Referring to Figure 6, one embodiment of the display device DD-a may include a display panel DP including a display element layer DP-ED, an optical control layer CCL disposed on the display panel DP, and a color filter layer CFL. In the embodiment shown in Figure 6, the display panel DP includes a base layer BS, a circuit layer DP-CL provided on the base layer BS, and a display element layer DP-ED, and the display element layer DP-ED may include a light-emitting element ED.

[0268] The light-emitting element ED may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR placed on the first electrode EL1, an emissive layer EML placed on the hole transport region HTR, an electron transport region ETR placed on the emissive layer EML, and a second electrode EL2 placed on the electron transport region ETR. On the other hand, the structure of the light-emitting element ED shown in Figure 6 can also be adapted to the structure of the light-emitting element shown in Figure 5 described above.

[0269] In the display device DD-a according to one embodiment, the light-emitting layer EML of the light-emitting element ED contains the condensed polycyclic compound of the embodiment described above.

[0270] Referring to Figure 6, the light-emitting layer EML may be located within the aperture OH defined in the pixel definition film DPL. For example, the light-emitting layers EML provided corresponding to each light-emitting region PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B, separated by the pixel definition film PDL, may emit light in the same wavelength range. In one embodiment of the display device DD-a, the light-emitting layer EML may emit blue light. On the other hand, contrary to the illustration, in one embodiment, the light-emitting layer EML may be provided as a common layer for the entire light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B.

[0271] The optical control layer (CCL) may be placed on top of the display panel (DP). The optical control layer (CCL) may contain photoconverters. These photoconverters may be quantum dots or phosphors, etc. The photoconverters may wavelength-convert the provided light and emit it. In other words, the optical control layer (CCL) may be a layer containing quantum dots or a layer containing phosphors.

[0272] The optical control layer (CCL) may include multiple optical control units CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3. The optical control units CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 may be separated from each other.

[0273] Referring to Figure 6, a segmentation pattern BMP is provided between the optical control units CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3, which are separated from each other, but the embodiment is not limited to this. In Figure 6, it is shown that the segmentation pattern BMP does not overlap with the optical control units CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3, but the edges of the optical control units CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 may overlap with the segmentation pattern BMP in at least part.

[0274] The optical control layer CCL may include a first optical control unit CCP1 containing a first quantum dot QD1 that converts the first color light provided by the light-emitting element ED into second color light, a second optical control unit CCP2 containing a second quantum dot QD2 that converts the first color light into third color light, and a third optical control unit CCP3 that transmits the first color light. In one embodiment, the first optical control unit CCP1 may provide red light, which is the second color light, and the second optical control unit CCP2 may provide green light, which is the third color light. The third optical control unit CCP3 may transmit and provide blue light, which is the first color light provided by the light-emitting element ED. For example, the first quantum dot QD1 may be a red quantum dot, and the second quantum dot QD2 may be a green quantum dot. The same provisions as described above may apply to quantum dots QD1 and QD2.

[0275] Furthermore, the optical control layer CCL may further include a scatterer SP. The first optical control unit CCP1 includes a first quantum dot QD1 and a scatterer SP, the second optical control unit CCP2 includes a second quantum dot QD2 and a scatterer SP, and the third optical control unit CCP3 may include a scatterer SP without a quantum dot.

[0276] The scatterer SP may be inorganic particles. For example, the scatterer SP may contain at least one of TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, SiO2, and hollow silica. The scatterer SP may contain at least one of TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, SiO2, and hollow silica, or it may be a mixture of two or more substances selected from TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, SiO2, and hollow silica.

[0277] The first optical control unit CCP1, the second optical control unit CCP2, and the third optical control unit CCP3 may each include base resins BR1, BR2, and BR3 for dispersing quantum dots QD1 and QD2 and scatterers SP. In one embodiment, the first optical control unit CCP1 may include first quantum dots QD1 and scatterers SP dispersed in the first base resin BR1, the second optical control unit CCP2 may include second quantum dots QD2 and scatterers SP dispersed in the second base resin BR2, and the third optical control unit CCP1 may include scatterers SP dispersed in the third base resin BR3.

[0278] The base resins BR1, BR2, and BR3 are the medium in which the quantum points QD1, QD2 and the scatterer SP are dispersed, and can consist of various resin compositions generally referred to as binders. For example, the base resins BR1, BR2, and BR3 may be acrylic resins, urethane resins, silicone resins, epoxy resins, etc. The base resins BR1, BR2, and BR3 may be transparent resins. In one embodiment, the first base resin BR1, the second base resin BR2, and the third base resin BR3 may be the same as or different from each other.

[0279] The optical control layer CCL may include a barrier layer BFL1. The barrier layer BFL1 may serve to prevent the penetration of moisture and / or oxygen (hereinafter referred to as "moisture / oxygen"). The barrier layer BFL1 may block the optical control units CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 from being exposed to moisture / oxygen. On the other hand, the barrier layer BFL1 may cover the optical control units CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3. Furthermore, a barrier layer BLF2 may be provided between the optical control units CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 and the filter layers CF1, CF2, and CF3.

[0280] The barrier layers BFL1 and BFL2 may contain at least one inorganic layer. In other words, the barrier layers BFL1 and BFL2 may be formed by including inorganic materials. For example, the barrier layers BFL1 and BFL2 may be formed by including silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, zirconium nitride, titanium nitride, hafnium nitride, tantalum nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, cerium oxide, and silicon oxynitride, or a metal thin film with sufficient light transmittance. On the other hand, the barrier layers BFL1 and BFL2 may further include an organic film. The barrier layers BFL1 and BFL2 may consist of a single layer or multiple layers.

[0281] In one embodiment of the display device DD-a, the color filter layer CFL may be placed on top of the light control layer CCL. For example, the color filter layer CFL may be placed directly on top of the color control layer CCL. In this case, the barrier layer BFL2 may be omitted.

[0282] The color filter layer CFL may include filters CF1, CF2, and CF3. The first to third filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 may be arranged to correspond to the red emission region PXA-R, the green emission region PXA-G, and the blue emission region PXA-B, respectively.

[0283] A color filter CFL may include a first filter CF1 that transmits a second color of light, a second filter CF2 that transmits a third color of light, and a third filter CF3 that transmits a first color of light. For example, the first filter CF1 may be a red filter, the second filter CF2 a green filter, and the third filter CF3 a blue filter. Each of the filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 may contain a polymer photosensitive resin and a pigment or dye. The first filter CF1 may contain a red pigment or dye, the second filter CF2 may contain a green pigment or dye, and the third filter CF3 may contain a blue pigment or dye.

[0284] On the other hand, the examples are not limited to these, and the third filter CF3 may not contain pigments or dyes. The third filter CF3 may contain a polymer photosensitive resin and may not contain pigments or dyes. The third filter CF3 may be transparent. The third filter CF3 may be made of a transparent photosensitive resin.

[0285] In one embodiment, the first filter CF1 and the second filter CF2 may be yellow filters. The first filter CF1 and the second filter CF2 may be provided as a single unit without being separated from each other.

[0286] Although not shown, the color filter layer CFL may further include a light-shielding section (not shown). The light-shielding section may be a black matrix. The light-shielding section may be formed by comprising an organic or inorganic light-shielding material containing a black pigment or black dye. The light-shielding section may prevent light leakage and demarcate the boundaries between adjacent filters CF1, CF2, and CF3.

[0287] A base substrate BL may be placed on top of the color filter layer CFL. The base substrate BL may be a component that provides a base surface on which the color filter layer CFL and the light control layer CCL are placed. The base substrate BL may be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, a plastic substrate, etc. However, the embodiment is not limited to these, and the base substrate BL may be an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer. Also, contrary to the figures, the base substrate BL may be omitted in one embodiment.

[0288] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of a display device according to one embodiment. In the display device DD-TD of one embodiment, the light-emitting element ED-BT may include a plurality of light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3. The light-emitting element ED-BT may include a plurality of light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 that are sequentially stacked in the thickness direction between a first electrode EL1 and a second electrode EL2 facing each other, and between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2. Each of the light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 may include a light-emitting layer EML (Figure 6) and a hole transport region HTR and an electron transport region ETR arranged with the light-emitting layer EML (Figure 6) in between.

[0289] In other words, the light-emitting element ED-BT included in the display device DD-TD of one embodiment may be a light-emitting element with a tandem structure that includes multiple light-emitting layers.

[0290] In one embodiment shown in Figure 7, the light emitted from each of the light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 can all be blue light. However, the embodiment is not limited to this, and the wavelength ranges of the light emitted from each of the light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 can be different from each other. For example, a light-emitting element ED-BT containing multiple light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 that emit light in different wavelength ranges from each other can emit white light.

[0291] Charge generation layers CGL1 and CGL2 may be arranged between adjacent light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3. Charge generation layers CGL1 and CGL2 include a p-type charge generation layer and / or an n-type charge generation layer.

[0292] In the display device DD-TD of one embodiment, at least one of the light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 contains the condensed polycyclic compound of the embodiment described above. In other words, at least one of the multiple light-emitting layers contained in the light-emitting element ED-BT contains the condensed polycyclic compound of the embodiment.

[0293] Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a display device according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a display device according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0294] Referring to Figure 8, the display device DD-b according to one embodiment may include light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3, each having two stacked light-emitting layers. Compared to the display device DD of one embodiment shown in Figure 4, the difference in the embodiment shown in Figure 8 is that the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 each include two light-emitting layers stacked in the thickness direction. In each of the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3, the two light-emitting layers may emit light in the same wavelength range.

[0295] The first light-emitting element ED-1 may include a first red light-emitting layer EML-R1 and a second red light-emitting layer EML-R2. The second light-emitting element ED-2 may include a first green light-emitting layer EML-G1 and a second green light-emitting layer EML-G2. The third light-emitting element ED-3 may include a first blue light-emitting layer EML-B1 and a second blue light-emitting layer EML-B2. Light-emitting auxiliary units OG may be arranged between the first red light-emitting layer EML-R1 and the second red light-emitting layer EML-R2, between the first green light-emitting layer EML-G1 and the second green light-emitting layer EML-G2, and between the first blue light-emitting layer EML-B1 and the second blue light-emitting layer EML-B2.

[0296] The light-emitting auxiliary section OG may include a single layer or multiple layers. The light-emitting auxiliary section OG may include a charge generation layer. More specifically, the light-emitting auxiliary section OG may include sequentially stacked electron transport regions, a charge generation layer, and hole transport regions. The light-emitting auxiliary section OG may be provided in common for all first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. However, the examples are not limited thereto, and the light-emitting auxiliary section OG may be provided patterned within an aperture OH defined in the pixel-defining film PDL.

[0297] The first red light-emitting layer EML-R1, the first green light-emitting layer EML-G1, and the first blue light-emitting layer EML-B1 may be positioned between the light-emitting auxiliary region OG and the electron transport region ETR. The second red light-emitting layer EML-R2, the second green light-emitting layer EML-G2, and the second blue light-emitting layer EML-B2 may be positioned between the hole transport region HTR and the light-emitting auxiliary region OG.

[0298] In other words, the first light-emitting element ED-1 may include a first electrode EL1 stacked sequentially, a hole transport region HTR, a second red light-emitting layer EML-R2, a light-emitting auxiliary section OG, a first red light-emitting layer EML-R1, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2. The second light-emitting element ED-2 may include a first electrode EL1 stacked sequentially, a hole transport region HTR, a second green light-emitting layer EML-G2, a light-emitting auxiliary section OG, a first green light-emitting layer EML-G1, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2. The third light-emitting element ED-3 may include a first electrode EL1 stacked sequentially, a hole transport region HTR, a second blue light-emitting layer EML-B2, a light-emitting auxiliary section OG, a first blue light-emitting layer EML-B1, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2.

[0299] On the other hand, an optical auxiliary layer PL may be placed on the display element layer DP-ED. The optical auxiliary layer PL may include a polarizing layer. The optical auxiliary layer PL is placed on the display panel DP and can control the reflected light on the display panel DP due to external light. In one embodiment of the display device, the optical auxiliary layer PL may be omitted, contrary to the illustration.

[0300] At least one light-emitting layer included in the display device DD-b of one embodiment shown in Figure 8 contains the condensed polycyclic compound of the embodiment described above. For example, in one embodiment, at least one of the first blue light-emitting layer EML-B1 and the second blue light-emitting layer EML-B2 may contain the condensed polycyclic compound of the embodiment.

[0301] Unlike Figures 7 and 8, the display device DD-c in Figure 9 is shown to include four light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1. The light-emitting element ED-CT may include a first electrode EL1 and a second electrode EL2 facing each other, and first to fourth light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1 sequentially stacked in the thickness direction between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2. Charge generation layers CGL1, CGL2, and CGL3 may be arranged between the first to fourth light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1. The first charge-conducting layer CGL1 may be arranged between the first light-emitting structure OL-B1 and the fourth light-emitting structure OL-C1. The second charge-conducting layer CGL2 may be arranged between the first light-emitting structure OL-B1 and the second light-emitting structure OL-B2. The third charge-conducting layer CGL3 may be positioned between the second light-emitting structure OL-B2 and the third light-emitting structure OL-B3. Of the four light-emitting structures, the first to third light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 may emit blue light, and the fourth light-emitting structure OL-C1 may emit green light. However, the examples are not limited to this, and the first to fourth light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1 may emit light in different wavelength regions.

[0302] The charge generation layers GCL1, CGL2, and CGL3, positioned between adjacent light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1, may include p-type charge generation layers and / or n-type charge generation layers.

[0303] In the first embodiment, at least one of the light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1 contained in the display device DD-c contains the condensed polycyclic compound of the first embodiment described above. For example, in the first embodiment, at least one of the first to third light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 may contain the condensed polycyclic compound of the first embodiment described above.

[0304] A light-emitting element ED according to one embodiment of the present invention can exhibit excellent luminous efficiency and improved lifetime characteristics by including the polycyclic compound of one embodiment represented by chemical formula 1 described above in at least one functional layer disposed between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2. For example, the condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment can be included in the light-emitting layer EML of the light-emitting element ED of one embodiment, and the light-emitting element of one embodiment can exhibit long lifetime characteristics. In one embodiment, the electronic device may include a display device including a plurality of light-emitting elements and a control unit that controls the display device. The electronic device of one embodiment may include the condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment described above in at least one of the plurality of light-emitting elements. For example, the electronic device of one embodiment may include the condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment in the light-emitting layer of the light-emitting element. The electronic device of one embodiment may be a device that is activated by an electrical signal. The electronic device may include electronic devices of various embodiments. The electronic device of one embodiment may include the display device according to one embodiment described above.

[0305] The electronic devices can range from large electronic devices such as televisions, monitors, or external billboards, to medium- and small-sized electronic devices such as personal computers, laptop computers, personal information terminals, car navigation units, game consoles, smartphones, tablets, smartwatches, and cameras. Furthermore, these are merely presented as examples, and as long as they do not deviate from the concept of the present invention, a display device according to one embodiment can be used as other electronic devices.

[0306] Figure 10 shows a tablet terminal as an example of an electronic device (EA). Electronic modules, camera modules, power supply modules, etc., mounted on the main board can be arranged together with the display device (DD) in a bracket / enclosure (HAU) to constitute a tablet terminal.

[0307] In one embodiment, an electronic device EA is shown that includes a display device DD having a flat display surface, but it is not limited to this. The electronic device EA may include a curved display surface or a three-dimensional display surface. For example, a three-dimensional display surface may include multiple display areas that indicate different directions from each other, and may include a folded display surface. The electronic device EA according to this embodiment may be a flexible electronic device. A flexible electronic device may be a foldable electronic device that can be folded.

[0308] As shown in Figure 10, the display surface EA-IS includes an active area AA where the image is displayed, and a bezel area NAA adjacent to the active area AA. The bezel area NAA is an area where the image is not displayed. Figure 10 shows an icon image as an example of an image. The active area AA may be referred to as the display area of ​​the display device DD, and the bezel area NAA may be referred to as the non-display area of ​​the display device DD.

[0309] The electronic device EA of one embodiment shown in Figure 10 may include the display device DD of one embodiment described with reference to Figures 3, 4, and 6-9. The display device DD may be housed and arranged in the housing HAU.

[0310] Figure 11 shows a portable terminal as an example of the electronic device EA-1 of one embodiment. Referring to Figure 11, the electronic device EA-1 of one embodiment may include multiple display surfaces. The electronic device EA-1 of one embodiment may include display surfaces IS-M, IS-S1, IS-S2, IS-S3, and IS-S4, whose primary display directions are different from each other.

[0311] In other words, in one embodiment, the electronic device EA-1 may be a stereoscopic display device including an upper display surface IS-M and a plurality of side display surfaces IS-S1, IS-S2, IS-S3, IS-S4. Each of the plurality of side display surfaces IS-S1, IS-S2, IS-S3, IS-S4 may be a display surface extending from one side of the upper display surface IS-M. In one embodiment, the electronic device EA-1 may include a main display surface that mainly provides an image in one direction and a plurality of sub-display surfaces that provide images in a direction different from that of the main display surface. In the embodiment of the electronic device EA-1 shown in Figure 11, the main display surface is the upper display surface IS-M, and the sub-display surfaces may be the side display surfaces IS-S1, IS-S2, IS-S3, IS-S4.

[0312] The side display surfaces IS-S1, IS-S2, IS-S3, and IS-S4 may have display surfaces that are not parallel to the upper display surface IS-M. On the other hand, the multiple side display surfaces IS-S1, IS-S2, IS-S3, and IS-S4 are display areas that are folded and extended from one side of the upper display surface IS-M, and for example, the multiple side display surfaces IS-S1, IS-S2, IS-S3, and IS-S4 may be folded display areas.

[0313] The electronic device EA-1 of one embodiment shown in Figure 11 may include the display device of one embodiment described with reference to Figures 3, 4, and 6 to 9, etc.

[0314] Figure 12 shows a vehicle AM ​​as an example of an electronic device in which the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 are arranged. The electronic device of one embodiment may include a plurality of display devices. At least one of the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 may also include the same configuration as the display devices DD, DD-TD, DD-a, DD-b, and DD-c of one embodiment described with reference to Figures 3, 4, and 6 to 9.

[0315] Although Figure 12 shows an automobile as the vehicle AM, this is illustrative, and the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 may be installed on other means of transport such as bicycles, motorcycles, trains, ships, and airplanes. Furthermore, at least one of the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4, which also include the same configuration as the display devices DD, DD-TD, DD-a, DD-TD, DD-b, and DD-c of one embodiment, may be used in personal computers, laptop computers, PDAs, game consoles, portable electronic devices, televisions, monitors, external advertising boards, etc. Moreover, these are merely presented as embodiments, and may be display devices used in other electronic devices as long as they do not deviate from the concept of the present invention.

[0316] At least one of the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 may include a light-emitting element ED of one embodiment described with reference to Figure 5. The light-emitting element ED of one embodiment may include a condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment. The display life can be improved by including a light-emitting element ED containing the condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment in at least one of the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4.

[0317] Referring to Figure 12, the vehicle AM ​​includes a steering wheel HA and a gear GR for operating the vehicle AM. The vehicle AM ​​also includes a forward window GL positioned to face the driver.

[0318] The first display device DD-1 may be positioned in a first area that overlaps with the steering wheel HA. For example, the first display device DD-1 may be a digital cluster that displays first information of the vehicle AM. The first information may include a first scale representing the vehicle AM's speed, a second scale indicating the engine speed (i.e., RPM (revolutions per minute)), and an image indicating the fuel status. The first and second scales may be displayed as digital images.

[0319] The second display device DD-2 may be positioned in a second area facing the driver's seat and overlapping with the front window GL. The driver's seat may be the seat on which the steering wheel HA is located. For example, the second display device DD-2 may be a head-up display (HUD) that displays second information of the vehicle AM. The second display device DD-2 may be optically transparent. The second information may include digital figures indicating the vehicle AM's speed and may further include information such as the current time. Contrary to the illustration, the second information of the second display device DD-2 may be projected and displayed on the front window GL.

[0320] The third display device DD-3 may be located in a third area adjacent to the gear GR. For example, the third display device DD-3 may be located between the driver's seat and the passenger seat and may be a vehicle information guidance display (CID, Center Information Display) that displays third information. The passenger seat may be a seat separated from the driver's seat with the gear GR in between. The third information may include information about road conditions (e.g., navigation information), music or radio playback, dynamic video (or image) playback, and the temperature inside the vehicle AM.

[0321] The fourth display device DD-4 may be located in a fourth area adjacent to the side of the vehicle AM, separated from the steering wheel HA and gear GR. For example, the fourth display device DD-4 may be a digital side mirror that displays fourth information. The fourth display device DD-4 may display images of the area outside the vehicle AM ​​captured by a camera module CM located outside the vehicle AM. The fourth information may include images of the area outside the vehicle AM.

[0322] The first to fourth pieces of information described above are illustrative, and the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 may further display information relating to the interior and exterior of the vehicle AM. The first to fourth pieces of information may contain different information from each other. However, the embodiment is not limited to this, and some of the first to fourth pieces of information may contain the same information from each other.

[0323] The following describes in detail a condensed polycyclic compound and a light-emitting element according to one embodiment of the present invention, with reference to examples and comparative examples. Furthermore, the following examples are illustrative to aid in understanding the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0324] [Examples] 1. Synthesis of condensed polycyclic compounds First, the method for synthesizing condensed polycyclic compounds according to this embodiment will be specifically explained, with examples of the synthesis methods for compounds 311, 323, 344, 365, 392, and 403. Furthermore, the synthesis method for condensed polycyclic compounds described below is just one example, and the synthesis method for condensed polycyclic compounds according to the embodiments of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[0325] (1) Synthesis of compound 311 Compound 311 according to one example can be synthesized, for example, by the following reaction formula 1. [Reaction Equation 1] [ka]

[0326] <Synthesis of Intermediate 311-(1)> Under an Ar atmosphere, 1,3-difluoro-5-iodobenzene (10.21 g, 42.54 mmol), phenol (4.00 g, 42.54 mmol), and K2CO3 (26.46 g, 191.45 mmol) were added to 102 ml of NMP (N-methylpyrrolidone), and the mixture was heated for 24 hours while maintaining the temperature at 140°C. The mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2, water was added, and the mixture was filtered through Celite and separated to concentrate the organic layer. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate 311-(1) (10.82 g, yield 81%). The molecular weight of intermediate 311-(1) was determined to be 314 by FAB MS.

[0327] <Synthesis of intermediate 311-(2)> Under an Ar atmosphere, intermediate 311-(1) (10.21 g, 32.51 mmol), 3-bromophenol (5.62 g, 32.51 mmol), and K2CO3 (20.22 g, 146.28 mmol) were added to 102 ml of NMP and heated for 24 hours while maintaining the temperature at 140°C. Dilution with CH2Cl2, water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite and separated to concentrate the organic layer. Purification by silica gel column chromatography yielded intermediate 311-(2) (11.54 g, yield 76%). FAB MS measurement determined that the molecular weight of intermediate 311-(2) was 467.

[0328] <Synthesis of intermediate 311-(3)> Under an Ar atmosphere, 1,3-dibromo-5-(tert-butyl)benzene (10.22 g, 35 mmol), [1,1':3',1”-terphenyl]-2'-amine (8.59 g, 35 mmol), Pd(OAc)2 (0.24 g, 1.05 mmol), XantPhos (1.22 g, 2.1 mmol), and tBuONa (4.04 g, 42 mmol) were added to 174 ml of toluene and heated and stirred at 100°C for 8 hours. Water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite and separated to concentrate the organic layer. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate 311-(3) (13.58 g, yield 85%). FAB MS measurement determined that the molecular weight of intermediate 311-(3) was 456.

[0329] <Synthesis of intermediate 311-(4)> Intermediate 311-(3) (10.52 g, 23.05 mmol) was mixed with iodobenzene (47.02 g, 230.48 mmol), CuI (10.97 g, 57.62 mmol), and K2CO3 (47.78 g, 345.73 mmol). A small amount of approximately 10 ml of toluene was added, and the mixture was heated at 215°C for 24 hours. The mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2, water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite filtration and liquid-liquid removed to concentrate the organic layer. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate 311-(4) (8.71 g, yield 71%). The molecular weight of intermediate 311-(4) was determined to be 533 by FAB MS.

[0330] <Synthesis of intermediate 311-(5)> Intermediate 311-(4) (11.15 g, 20.94 mmol), methanol (0.81 g, 25.13 mmol), CuI (4.39 g, 23.03 mmol), K2CO3 (11.57 g, 83.75 mmol), and dipivaloylmethane (43.86 g, 0.24 mmol) were added to N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) (438 ml), and the mixture was heated at 100°C for 24 hours. The mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2, water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite and separated to concentrate the organic layer. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate 311-(5) (6.28 g, yield 62%). The molecular weight of intermediate 311-(5) was determined to be 484 by FAB MS.

[0331] <Synthesis of intermediate 311-(6)> Under an Ar atmosphere, intermediate 311-(5) (6.11 g, 12.63 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (126 ml), BBr3 (7.91 g, 31.58 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred at 0°C for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was added to ice water (306 ml), stirred for 1 hour, and then separated to concentrate the organic layer. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate 311-(6) (3.03 g, yield 51%). The molecular weight of intermediate 311-(6) was determined to be 470 by FAB MS.

[0332] <Synthesis of intermediate 311-(7)> Intermediate 311-(3) (11.15 g, 24.43 mmol), phenol (2.76 g, 29.31 mmol), CuI (5.12 g, 26.87 mmol), K2CO3 (13.5 g, 97.71 mmol), and dipivaloylmethane (51.18 g, 0.28 mmol) were added to DMF (511 ml) and heated for 24 hours while maintaining the temperature at 100°C. Dilution with CH2Cl2, water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite and separated to concentrate the organic layer. Purification by silica gel column chromatography yielded intermediate 311-(7) (9.29 g, yield 81%). The molecular weight of intermediate 311-(7) was determined to be 470 by FAB MS.

[0333] <Synthesis of intermediate 311-(8)> Intermediate 311-(7) (2.01 g, 4.28 mmol) was mixed with iodobenzene (19.99 g, 42.8 mmol), CuI (2.04 g, 10.7 mmol), and K2CO3 (8.87 g, 64.2 mmol). A small amount of approximately 10 ml of toluene was added, and the mixture was heated at 215°C for 24 hours. The mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2, water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite filtration and liquid-liquid removed to concentrate the organic layer. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate 311-(8) (2.46 g, yield 71%). The molecular weight of intermediate 311-(8) was determined to be 809 by FAB MS.

[0334] <Synthesis of intermediate 311-(9)> Under an Ar atmosphere, intermediate 311-(8) (4.21 g, 5.21 mmol) was dissolved in 1,2-dichlorobenzene (52 ml), BBr3 (2.61 g, 10.41 mmol) was added, and the mixture was heated and stirred at 170°C for 10 hours. After cooling to room temperature, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (8.06 g, 62.46 mmol) was added, water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite and liquid-liquid removed to concentrate the organic layer. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate 311-(9) (1.12 g, yield 26%). The molecular weight of intermediate 311-(9) was determined to be 824 by FAB MS.

[0335] <Synthesis of intermediate 311-(10)> Intermediate 311-(9) (1.02 g, 1.24 mmol), intermediate 311-(6) (0.7 g, 1.48 mmol), CuI (0.26 g, 1.36 mmol), K2CO3 (0.68 g, 4.95 mmol), and dipivaloylmethane (2.59 g, 0.01 mmol) were added to DMF (25 ml) and heated for 24 hours while maintaining the temperature at 100°C. Dilution with CH2Cl2, water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite and separated to concentrate the organic layer. Purification by silica gel column chromatography yielded intermediate 311-(10) (1.07 g, yield 71%). FAB MS measurement revealed that the molecular weight of intermediate 311-(10) was 1213.

[0336] <Synthesis of Compound 311> Under an Ar atmosphere, intermediate 311-(10) (1.01 g, 0.83 mmol) was dissolved in 1,2-dichlorobenzene (8 ml), BBr3 (0.42 g, 1.67 mmol) was added, and the mixture was heated and stirred at 170°C for 10 hours. After cooling to room temperature, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (1.29 g, 9.99 mmol) was added, water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite filtration and liquid-liquid removed to concentrate the organic layer. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate 311 (0.59 g, yield 58%). The molecular weight of compound 311 was determined to be 1221 by FAB MS. Compound 311, as described below, was purified by sublimation (320°C, 2.3 × 10⁻⁶). -3 It was used in Pa.

[0337] (2) Synthesis of compound 323 Compound 323 according to one example can be synthesized, for example, using an intermediate compound synthesized by the following reaction formula. [Reaction Equation 2] [ka]

[0338] <Synthesis of intermediate 323-(1)> Under an Ar atmosphere, bromobenzene (11.04 g, 70.31 mmol), [1,1':3',1”-terphenyl]-2'-amine (17.25 g, 70.31 mmol), Pd(OAc)2 (0.47 g, 2.11 mmol), XantPhos (2.44 g, 4.22 mmol), and tBuONa (8.11 g, 84.38 mmol) were added to 351 ml of toluene and heated and stirred at 100°C for 8 hours. Water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite and separated to concentrate the organic layer. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate 323-(1) (18.31 g, yield 81%). FAB MS measurement determined that the molecular weight of intermediate 323-(1) was 321.

[0339] <Synthesis of intermediate 323-(2)> Under an Ar atmosphere, 1-fluoro-1,3-diiodobenzene (50.13 g, 159.6 mmol), 3-bromophenol (27.61 g, 159.6 mmol), and K2CO3 (99.26 g, 718.19 mmol) were added to 1 ml of NMP50, and the mixture was incubated at 140°C for 24 hours. The mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2, water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite filtration and separated to concentrate the organic layer. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate 323-(2) (57.4 g, yield 77%). The molecular weight of intermediate 323-(2) was determined to be 467 by FAB MS.

[0340] <Synthesis of intermediate 323-(3)> Intermediate 323-(1) (4.88 g, 15.18 mmol) and intermediate 323-(2) (56.73 g, 121.46 mmol), CuI (7.23 g, 37.96 mmol), and K2CO3 (31.48 g, 227.74 mmol) were mixed with approximately 10 ml of toluene and heated at 215°C for 24 hours. The mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2, water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite and separated to concentrate the organic layer. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate 323-(3) (7.17 g, yield 68%). The molecular weight of intermediate 323-(3) was determined to be 694 by FAB MS.

[0341] <Synthesis of intermediate 323-(4)> Intermediate 323-(3) (5.11 g, 7.36 mmol) and intermediate 311-(6) (2.84 g, 8.83 mmol), CuI (1.54 g, 8.09 mmol), K2CO3 (4.07 g, 29.44 mmol), and dipivaloylmethane (15.42 g, 0.08 mmol) were added to DMF (154 ml) and heated for 24 hours while maintaining the temperature at 100°C. Dilution with CH2Cl2, water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite and separated to concentrate the organic layer. Purification by silica gel column chromatography yielded intermediate 323-(4) (5.64 g, yield 74%). The molecular weight of intermediate 323-(4) was determined to be 1036 by FAB MS.

[0342] <Synthesis of intermediate 323-(5)> Under an Ar atmosphere, intermediate 323-(4) (5.44 g, 5.25 mmol) was dissolved in 1,2-dichlorobenzene (53 ml), BBr3 (2.63 g, 10.5 mmol) was added, and the mixture was heated and stirred at 170°C for 10 hours. After cooling to room temperature, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (8.13 g, 63 mmol) was added, water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite filtration and liquid-liquid removed to concentrate the organic layer. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate 323-(5) (3.37 g, yield 61%). The molecular weight of intermediate 323-(5) was determined to be 1052 by FAB MS.

[0343] <Synthesis of intermediate 323-(6)> Intermediate 323-(5) (3.09 g, 2.94 mmol) and intermediate 311-(6) (1.66 g, 3.53 mmol), CuI (0.62 g, 3.23 mmol), K2CO3 (1.62 g, 11.75 mmol), and dipivaloylmethane (6.16 g, 0.03 mmol) were added to DMF (61 ml) and heated for 24 hours while maintaining the temperature at 100°C. Dilution with CH2Cl2, water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite and separated to concentrate the organic layer. Purification by silica gel column chromatography yielded intermediate 323-(6) (2.75 g, yield 65%). FAB MS measurement revealed that the molecular weight of intermediate 323-(6) was 1440.

[0344] <Synthesis of Compound 323> Under an Ar atmosphere, intermediate 323-(6) (2.55 g, 1.77 mmol) was dissolved in 1,2-dichlorobenzene (18 ml), BBr3 (0.89 g, 3.54 mmol) was added, and the mixture was heated and stirred at 170°C for 10 hours. After cooling to room temperature, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (2.74 g, 21.24 mmol) was added, water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite filtration and liquid-liquid removed to concentrate the organic layer. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate 323 (0.97 g, yield 38%). The molecular weight of compound 323, as measured by FAB MS, was 1448. When evaluating the light-emitting element, compound 323 was purified by sublimation (370°C, 2.3 × 10⁻⁶). -3 It was used in Pa.

[0345] (3) Synthesis of compound 344 Compound 344 according to one example can be synthesized, for example, by the following reaction formula 3. [Reaction Equation 3] [ka]

[0346] <Synthesis of intermediate 344-(1)> Intermediate 311-(3) (12.02 g, 26.33 mmol) was mixed with 1-chloro-3-iodobenzene (50.24 g, 210.68 mmol), CuI (12.54 g, 65.84 mmol), and K2CO3 (54.6 g, 395.02 mmol) with approximately 10 ml of toluene added. The mixture was heated at 215°C for 24 hours. Dilution with CH2Cl2, water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite and separated to concentrate the organic layer. Purification by silica gel column chromatography yielded intermediate 344-(1) (11.65 g, 78% yield). FAB MS measurement revealed that the molecular weight of intermediate 344-(1) was 567.

[0347] <Synthesis of intermediate 344-(2)> Under an Ar atmosphere, intermediate 344-(1) (11.55 g, 20.37 mmol) and 5'-(tert-butyl)-[1,1':3',1”-terphenyl]-2'-amine (7.37 g, 24.45 mmol), Pd(dba)2 (1.17 g, 2.04 mmol), P(tBu)3·HBF4 (1.18 g, 4.07 mmol), and tBuONa (4.5 g, 46.85 mmol) were added to 101 ml of toluene and heated and stirred at 100°C for 8 hours. Water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite and separated to concentrate the organic layer. It was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate 344-(2) (13.15 g, yield 82%). The molecular weight of intermediate 344-(2) was determined to be 787 by FAB MS.

[0348] <Synthesis of intermediate 344-(3)> Intermediate 311-(9) (2.11 g, 2.56 mmol) and intermediate 344-(2) (16.12 g, 20.48 mmol), CuI (1.22 g, 6.4 mmol), and K2CO3 (5.31 g, 38.39 mmol) were mixed with approximately 10 ml of toluene and heated at 215°C for 24 hours. The mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2, water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite filtration and liquid-liquid removed to concentrate the organic layer. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate 344-(3) (2.04 g, yield 52%). The molecular weight of intermediate 344-(3) was determined to be 1531 by FAB MS.

[0349] <Synthesis of intermediate 344-(4)> Under an Ar atmosphere, intermediate 344-(3) (1.81 g, 1.18 mmol) was dissolved in 1,2-dichlorobenzene (12 ml), BBr3 (0.59 g, 2.36 mmol) was added, and the mixture was heated and stirred at 170°C for 10 hours. After cooling to room temperature, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (1.83 g, 14.19 mmol) was added, water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite filtration and liquid-liquid removed to concentrate the organic layer. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate 344-(4) (0.69 g, yield 38%). The molecular weight of intermediate 344-(4) was determined to be 1539 by FAB MS.

[0350] <Synthesis of Compound 344> Under an Ar atmosphere, intermediate 344-(4) (0.62 g, 0.4 mmol), 9H-carbazole (0.08 g, 0.48 mmol), Pd(dba)2 (0.02 g, 0.04 mmol), RuPhos (0.04 g, 0.08 mmol), and tBuONa (0.09 g, 0.93 mmol) were added to 2 ml of xylene and heated and stirred at 130°C for 24 hours. Water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite and liquid-liquid separated to concentrate the organic layer. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate 344 (0.5 g, yield 74%). The molecular weight of compound 344, as measured by FAB MS, was 1670. To evaluate the light-emitting element, compound 344 was purified by sublimation (400°C, 2.6 × 10⁻⁶). -3 It was used in Pa.

[0351] (4) Synthesis of compound 365 Compound 365 according to one example can be synthesized, for example, by the following reaction formula 4. [Reaction Equation 4] [ka]

[0352] <Synthesis of intermediate 365-(1)> Intermediate 311-(3) (7.58 g, 16.61 mmol), [1,1'-biphenyl]-3-ol (3.39 g, 19.93 mmol), CuI (3.48 g, 18.27 mmol), K2CO3 (9.18 g, 66.43 mmol), and dipivaloylmethane (34.79 g, 0.19 mmol) were added to DMF (347 ml) and heated for 24 hours while maintaining the temperature at 100°C. Dilution with CH2Cl2, water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite and separated to concentrate the organic layer. Purification by silica gel column chromatography yielded intermediate 365-(1) (6.07 g, yield 67%). FAB MS measurement revealed that the molecular weight of intermediate 365-(1) was 546.

[0353] <Synthesis of intermediate 365-(2)> Intermediate 311-(3) (13.33 g, 29.2 mmol) was mixed with 3-iodo-1,1'-biphenyl (65.44 g, 233.64 mmol), CuI (13.91 g, 73.01 mmol), and K2CO3 (60.55 g, 438.07 mmol). A small amount of approximately 10 ml of toluene was added, and the mixture was heated at 215°C for 24 hours. The mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2, water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite and separated to concentrate the organic layer. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate 365-(2) (13.15 g, yield 74%). The molecular weight of intermediate 365-(2) was determined to be 609 by FAB MS.

[0354] <Synthesis of intermediate 365-(3)> Intermediate 365-(2) (13.45 g, 22.26 mmol), methanol (0.86 g, 26.72 mmol), CuI (4.66 g, 24.49 mmol), K2CO3 (12.31 g, 89.05 mmol), and dipivaloylmethane (46.64 g, 0.25 mmol) were added to DMF (466 ml) and heated for 24 hours while maintaining the temperature at 100°C. Dilution with CH2Cl2, water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite and separated to concentrate the organic layer. Purification by silica gel column chromatography yielded intermediate 365-(3) (8.85 g, yield 71%). FAB MS measurement determined that the molecular weight of intermediate 365-(3) was 560.

[0355] <Synthesis of intermediate 365-(4)> Under an Ar atmosphere, intermediate 365-(3) (8.77 g, 15.67 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (157 ml), BBr3 (9.81 g, 39.17 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred at 0°C for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was added to ice water (439 ml), stirred for 1 hour, and then separated to concentrate the organic layer. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate 365-(4) (5.22 g, yield 61%). The molecular weight of intermediate 365-(4) was determined to be 546 by FAB MS.

[0356] <Synthesis of intermediate 365-(5)> Under an Ar atmosphere, 3-bromo-1,1'-biphenyl (10.05 g, 43.11 mmol), [1,1':3',1”-terphenyl]-2'-amine (12.69 g, 51.74 mmol), Pd(dba)2 (2.48 g, 4.31 mmol), P(tBu)3·HBF4 (2.5 g, 8.62 mmol), and tBuONa (9.53 g, 99.16 mmol) were added to 215 ml of toluene and heated and stirred at 100°C for 8 hours. Water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite and separated to concentrate the organic layer. It was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate 365-(5) (15.08 g, yield 88%). The molecular weight of intermediate 365-(5) was determined to be 398 by FAB MS.

[0357] <Synthesis of intermediate 365-(6)> Intermediate 365-(5) (5.33 g, 13.41 mmol) and intermediate 323-(2) (53.73 g, 107.27 mmol), CuI (6.38 g, 33.52 mmol), and K2CO3 (27.8 g, 201.12 mmol) were mixed with approximately 10 ml of a small amount of toluene and incubated at 215°C for 24 hours. The mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2, water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite filtration and separated to concentrate the organic layer. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate 365-(6) (7.65 g, yield 74%). The molecular weight of intermediate 365-(6) was determined to be 771 by FAB MS.

[0358] <Synthesis of intermediate 365-(7)> Intermediate 365-(6) (5.22 g, 6.77 mmol) and intermediate 365-(1) (29.58 g, 54.2 mmol), CuI (3.23 g, 16.94 mmol), and K2CO3 (14.05 g, 101.62 mmol) were mixed with approximately 10 ml of toluene and heated at 215°C for 24 hours. The mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2, water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite and separated to concentrate the organic layer. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate 365-(7) (5.31 g, yield 66%). The molecular weight of intermediate 365-(7) was determined to be 1188 by FAB MS.

[0359] <Synthesis of intermediate 365-(8)> Under an Ar atmosphere, intermediate 365-(7) (5.12 g, 4.31 mmol) was dissolved in 1,2-dichlorobenzene (43 ml), BBr3 (2.16 g, 8.62 mmol) was added, and the mixture was heated and stirred at 170°C for 10 hours. After cooling to room temperature, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (6.67 g, 51.7 mmol) was added, water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite and liquid-liquid removed to concentrate the organic layer. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate 365-(8) (3.01 g, yield 58%). The molecular weight of intermediate 365-(8) was determined to be 1204 by FAB MS.

[0360] <Synthesis of intermediate 365-(9)> Intermediate 365-(3) (2.87 g, 2.38 mmol) and intermediate 365-(4) (1.56 g, 2.86 mmol), CuI (0.5 g, 2.62 mmol), K2CO3 (1.32 g, 9.54 mmol), and dipivaloylmethane (4.99 g, 0.03 mmol) were added to DMF (49 ml) and heated for 24 hours while maintaining the temperature at 100°C. Dilution with CH2Cl2, water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite and separated to concentrate the organic layer. Purification by silica gel column chromatography yielded intermediate 365-(9) (2.19 g, yield 55%). FAB MS measurement revealed that the molecular weight of intermediate 365-(9) was 1669.

[0361] <Synthesis of Compound 365> Under an Ar atmosphere, intermediate 365-(9) (1.85 g, 1.11 mmol) was dissolved in 1,2-dichlorobenzene (11 ml), BBr3 (0.56 g, 2.22 mmol) was added, and the mixture was heated and stirred at 170°C for 10 hours. After cooling to room temperature, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (1.72 g, 13.3 mmol) was added, water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite filtration and liquid-liquid removed to concentrate the organic layer. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate 365 (0.95 g, yield 51%). The molecular weight of compound 365, as measured by FAB MS, was 1676. To evaluate the light-emitting element, compound 365 was purified by sublimation (400°C, 2.7 × 10⁻⁶). -3 It was used in Pa.

[0362] (5) Synthesis of compound 392 Compound 392 according to one example can be synthesized, for example, by the following reaction formula 5. [Reaction Equation 5] [ka]

[0363] <Synthesis of intermediate 392-(1)> Under an Ar atmosphere, 1,3-dibromo-5-(tert-butyl)benzene (11.15 g, 38.18 mmol), 5'-(tert-butyl)-[1,1':3',1”-terphenyl]-2'-amine (12.08 g, 40.09 mmol), Pd(OAc)2 (0.26 g, 1.15 mmol), XantPhos (1.33 g, 2.29 mmol), and tBuONa (4.4 g, 45.82 mmol) were added to 190 ml of toluene and heated and stirred at 100°C for 8 hours. Water was added, and the mixture was filtered through Celite and separated to concentrate the organic layer. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate 392-(1) (18.20 g, 93% yield). FAB MS measurement revealed that the molecular weight of intermediate 392-(1) was 513.

[0364] <Synthesis of intermediate 392-(2)> Intermediate 392-(1) (17.82 g, 34.77 mmol), 3-chlorophenol (5.36 g, 41.72 mmol), CuI (7.28 g, 38.24 mmol), K2CO3 (19.22 g, 139.07 mmol), and dipivaloylmethane (72.84 g, 0.4 mmol) were added to DMF (728 ml) and heated for 24 hours while maintaining the temperature at 100°C. Dilution with CH2Cl2, water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite and separated to concentrate the organic layer. Purification by silica gel column chromatography yielded intermediate 392-(2) (13.24 g, yield 68%). FAB MS measurement determined that the molecular weight of intermediate 392-(2) was 560.

[0365] <Synthesis of intermediate 392-(3)> Intermediate 392-(1) (10.16 g, 19.82 mmol), phenol (2.24 g, 23.79 mmol), CuI (4.15 g, 21.81 mmol), K2CO3 (10.96 g, 79.29 mmol), and dipivaloylmethane (41.53 g, 0.23 mmol) were added to DMF (415 ml) and heated for 24 hours while maintaining the temperature at 100°C. Dilution with CH2Cl2, water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite and separated to concentrate the organic layer. Purification by silica gel column chromatography yielded intermediate 392-(3) (5.32 g, yield 51%). FAB MS measurement revealed that the molecular weight of intermediate 392-(3) was 526.

[0366] <Synthesis of intermediate 392-(4)> Intermediate 392-(3) (7.13 g, 13.56 mmol) and intermediate 311-(2) (50.68 g, 108.49 mmol), CuI (6.46 g, 33.9 mmol), and K2CO3 (28.12 g, 203.43 mmol) were mixed with approximately 10 ml of toluene and heated at 215°C for 24 hours. The mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2, water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite and separated to concentrate the organic layer. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate 392-(4) (9.03 g, yield 77%). The molecular weight of intermediate 392-(4) was determined to be 865 by FAB MS.

[0367] <Synthesis of intermediate 392-(5)> Under an Ar atmosphere, intermediate 392-(4) (8.56 g, 9.9 mmol) was dissolved in 1,2-dichlorobenzene (99 ml), BBr3 (4.96 g, 19.79 mmol) was added, and the mixture was heated and stirred at 170°C for 10 hours. After cooling to room temperature, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (15.32 g, 118.76 mmol) was added, water was added, and the mixture was filtered through Celite and separated to concentrate the organic layer. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate 392-(5) (3.83 g, yield 44%). The molecular weight of intermediate 392-(5) was determined to be 881 by FAB MS.

[0368] <Synthesis of intermediate 392-(6)> Intermediate 392-(5) (3.53 g, 4.01 mmol) and intermediate 392-(2) (17.97 g, 32.07 mmol), CuI (1.91 g, 10.02 mmol), and K2CO3 (8.31 g, 60.14 mmol) were mixed with approximately 10 ml of a small amount of toluene and incubated at 215°C for 24 hours. The mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2, water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite filtration and liquid-liquid removed to concentrate the organic layer. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate 392-(6) (1.91 g, yield 35%). The molecular weight of intermediate 392-(6) was determined to be 1360 by FAB MS.

[0369] <Synthesis of intermediate 392-(7)> Under an Ar atmosphere, intermediate 392-(6) (1.84 g, 1.35 mmol) was dissolved in 1,2-dichlorobenzene (14 ml), BBr3 (0.68 g, 2.71 mmol) was added, and the mixture was heated and stirred at 170°C for 10 hours. After cooling to room temperature, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (2.09 g, 16.24 mmol) was added, water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite and liquid-liquid removed to concentrate the organic layer. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate 392-(7) (0.59 g, yield 32%). The molecular weight of intermediate 392-(7) was determined to be 1368 by FAB MS.

[0370] <Synthesis of Compound 392> Under an Ar atmosphere, intermediate 392-(7) (0.55 g, 0.4 mmol), 9H-carbazole (0.08 g, 0.48 mmol), Pd(dba)2 (0.02 g, 0.04 mmol), RuPhos (0.04 g, 0.08 mmol), and tBuONa (0.09 g, 0.93 mmol) were added to 2 ml of xylene and heated and stirred at 130°C for 24 hours. Water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite and separated to concentrate the organic layer. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate 392 (0.43 g, yield 71%). The molecular weight of compound 392 was determined to be 1498 by FAB MS. To evaluate the light-emitting element, compound 392 was purified by sublimation (380°C, 2.4 × 10⁻⁶). -3 It was used in Pa.

[0371] (6) Synthesis of compound 403 Compound 403 according to one example can be synthesized, for example, by the following reaction formula 6. [Reaction Equation 6] [ka]

[0372] <Synthesis of intermediate 403-(1)> Intermediate 392-(1) (8.54 g, 14.51 mmol), phenol (0.56 g, 17.41 mmol), CuI (3.04 g, 15.96 mmol), K2CO3 (8.02 g, 58.03 mmol), and dipivaloylmethane (30.39 g, 0.16 mmol) were added to DMF (303 ml) and heated for 24 hours while maintaining the temperature at 100°C. Dilution with CH2Cl2, water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite and separated to concentrate the organic layer. Purification by silica gel column chromatography yielded intermediate 403-(1) (4.54 g, yield 58%). FAB MS measurement determined that the molecular weight of intermediate 403-(1) was 540.

[0373] <Synthesis of intermediate 403-(2)> Under an Ar atmosphere, intermediate 403-(13) (4.35 g, 8.06 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (81 ml), BBr3 (5.05 g, 20.15 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred at 0°C for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was added to ice water (218 ml), stirred for 1 hour, and then separated to concentrate the organic layer. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate 403-(2) (3.05 g, yield 72%). The molecular weight of intermediate 403-(2) was determined to be 526 by FAB MS.

[0374] <Synthesis of intermediate 403-(3)> Intermediate 392-(3) (12.13 g, 23.67 mmol) was mixed with 1-chloro-3-iodobenzene (45.15 g, 189.33 mmol), CuI (11.27 g, 59.17 mmol), and K2CO3 (49.06 g, 355 mmol) with approximately 10 ml of toluene added. The mixture was heated at 215°C for 24 hours. The mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2, water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite filtration and liquid-liquid removed to concentrate the organic layer. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate 403-(3) (10.91 g, yield 74%). The molecular weight of intermediate 403-(3) was determined to be 623 by FAB MS.

[0375] <Synthesis of intermediate 403-(4)> Under an Ar atmosphere, intermediate 403-(3) (11.15 g, 17.89 mmol), 5'-(tert-butyl)-[1,1':3',1”-terphenyl]-2'-amine (5.66 g, 18.79 mmol), Pd(OAc)2 (0.12 g, 0.54 mmol), XantPhos (0.52 g, 1.07 mmol), and tBuONa (2.06 g, 21.47 mmol) were added to 89 ml of toluene and heated and stirred at 100°C for 8 hours. Water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite and separated to concentrate the organic layer. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate 403-(4) (13.28 g, yield 88%). FAB MS measurement determined that the molecular weight of intermediate 403-(4) was 844.

[0376] <Synthesis of intermediate 403-(5)> Intermediate 403-(4) (6.01 g, 7.12 mmol) and intermediate 311-(2) (26.62 g, 56.99 mmol), CuI (3.39 g, 17.81 mmol), and K2CO3 (14.877, 106.86 mmol) were mixed with approximately 10 ml of a small amount of toluene, and the mixture was incubated at 215°C for 24 hours. The mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2, water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite filtration and liquid-liquid removed to concentrate the organic layer. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate 403-(5) (5.98 g, yield 71%). The molecular weight of intermediate 403-(5) was determined to be 1183 by FAB MS.

[0377] <Synthesis of intermediate 403-(6)> Under an Ar atmosphere, intermediate 403-(5) (5.82 g, 4.92 mmol) was dissolved in 1,2-dichlorobenzene (49 ml), BBr3 (2.47 g, 9.84 mmol) was added, and the mixture was heated and stirred at 170°C for 10 hours. After cooling to room temperature, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (7.62 g, 59.05 mmol) was added, water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite and liquid-liquid removed to concentrate the organic layer. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate 403-(6) (1.83 g, yield 31%). The molecular weight of intermediate 403-(6) was determined to be 1198 by FAB MS.

[0378] <Synthesis of intermediate 403-(7)> Intermediate 403-(6) (1.75 g, 1.46 mmol) and intermediate 403-(2) (0.92 g, 1.75 mmol), CuI (0.31 g, 1.61 mmol), K2CO3 (0.81 g, 5.84 mmol), and dipivaloylmethane (3.06 g, 0.02 mmol) were added to DMF (30 ml) and heated for 24 hours while maintaining the temperature at 100°C. Dilution with CH2Cl2, water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite and separated to concentrate the organic layer. Purification by silica gel column chromatography yielded intermediate 403-(7) (0.96 g, yield 36%). FAB MS measurement revealed that the molecular weight of intermediate 403-(7) was 1643.

[0379] <Synthesis of intermediate 403-(8)> Under an Ar atmosphere, intermediate 403-(7) (0.79 g, 0.48 mmol) was dissolved in 1,2-dichlorobenzene (5 ml), BBr3 (0.24 g, 0.96 mmol) was added, and the mixture was heated and stirred at 170°C for 10 hours. After cooling to room temperature, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.74 g, 5.77 mmol) was added, water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite and liquid-liquid removed to concentrate the organic layer. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate 403-(8) (0.36 g, yield 45%). The molecular weight of intermediate 403-(8) was determined to be 1651 by FAB MS.

[0380] <Synthesis of Compound 403> Under an Ar atmosphere, intermediate 403-(8) (0.35 g, 0.21 mmol), 9H-carbazole (0.04 g, 0.25 mmol), Pd(dba)2 (0.01 g, 0.02 mmol), P(tBu)3·HBF4 (0.01 g, 0.04 mmol), and tBuONa (0.05 g, 0.49 mmol) were added to 1 ml of toluene and heated and stirred at 100°C for 8 hours. Water was added, and the mixture was filtered by Celite and separated to concentrate the organic layer. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate 403 (0.32 g, yield 85%). The molecular weight of compound 403, as measured by FAB MS, was 1782. To evaluate the light-emitting element, compound 403 was purified by sublimation (380°C, 2.7 × 10⁻⁶). -3 It was used in Pa.

[0381] 2. Fabrication and evaluation of light-emitting devices A light-emitting device of one embodiment, containing the condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment in the light-emitting layer, was manufactured by the following method. The condensed polycyclic compounds of compounds 311, 323, 344, 365, 392, and 403, which are example compounds synthesized by the synthesis method described above, were used as dopant materials for the light-emitting layer, and light-emitting devices of Examples 1 to 6 were manufactured. Comparative Examples 1 to 7 are light-emitting devices manufactured using comparative compound X1 to comparative compound X7 as dopant materials for the light-emitting layer. [Example Compounds] [ka] [Comparative Compounds] [ka]

[0382] (Fabrication of light-emitting elements) A 150 nm thick first electrode was formed using ITO, and a 10 nm thick hole injection layer was formed on the first electrode using HAT-CN (dipyradino[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonnitrile). An 80 nm thick hole transport layer was formed on the hole injection layer using α-NPD (N,N'-bis(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)-2,2'-dimethylbenzidine), and a 5 nm thick electron blocking layer was formed on the hole transport layer using mCP (1,3-bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene). A 2 nm thick light-emitting layer was formed on the electron blocking layer using mCBP (3,3'-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-1,1'-biphenyl) doped with 1% of the example compound or comparative example compound. A 30 nm thick electron transport layer was formed on the aforementioned light-emitting layer using TPBi (2,2',2"-(1,3,5-benzinetriyl)-tris(1-phenyl-1-H-benzimidazole)), and a 0.5 nm thick electron injection layer was formed on the electron transport layer using LiF. A 100 nm thick second electrode was formed on the electron injection layer using Al. Each layer was formed by vapor deposition under a vacuum atmosphere.

[0383] The compounds used in the fabrication of the light-emitting devices in the examples and comparative examples are disclosed below. The substances listed below are known substances, and commercially available products were manufactured and used in the fabrication of the devices. [ka]

[0384] (Evaluation of light-emitting element characteristics) Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the light-emitting elements for Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7. Table 1 shows the maximum emission wavelength (λ) of the fabricated light-emitting elements. max The relative lifespan (LT50) and the operating life are shown in comparison.

[0385] In the characteristic results for the examples and comparative examples shown in Table 1, the maximum emission wavelength (λ) max The maximum emission wavelength (λ) and relative lifetime (LT50) were measured using the Hamamatsu Photonics C9920-12 external quantum efficiency meter.max ) indicates the wavelength showing the maximum value in the emission spectrum. Also, the relative lifetime (LT50) is 800 cd / m². 2 The brightness half-life was evaluated and shown. The relative lifetime was shown relative to the results of Comparative Example 3. [Table 1]

[0386] Referring to the results in Table 1, it can be seen that the light-emitting device in the example using a condensed polycyclic compound according to one embodiment of the present invention as a light-emitting material has a relative lifetime that is 3.1 to 4.7 times longer than that of the light-emitting device in the comparative example.

[0387] The compound in the example contains a core structure comprising three boron atoms formed by the bonding of first to third condensed ring compounds. In the compound in the example, the LUMO may be distributed in the region where the first and second condensed ring compounds are bonded, biased towards the first and second boron atoms, while the HOMO may be distributed in the region of the third condensed ring compound, biased towards the third boron atom.

[0388] The light-emitting element of one embodiment can achieve improved lifetime characteristics in the blue light wavelength region by including the condensed polycyclic compound of one embodiment as the effective dopant of a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) light-emitting element.

[0389] Comparing Examples 1-6 with Comparative Examples 1-7, longer device lifespans are achieved in the Examples. The example compounds included in Examples 1-6 have the characteristic that one of the first and second fused rings introduced into the molecular structure has electron-donating properties, while the other has electron-accepting properties. This results in the formation of an incomplete charge-transfer (CT) type structure within the molecule, which is thought to have excellent multiple resonance characteristics, thus preventing efficiency degradation and achieving long lifespan characteristics.

[0390] Figure 13a shows the distribution of the HOMO level of example compound 403, and Figure 13b shows the distribution of the LUMO level of example compound 403. The dotted circle in Figure 13a shows the schematic distribution of the HOMO, and the dotted circle in Figure 13b shows the schematic distribution of the LUMO. Referring to Figures 13a and 13b, it can be seen that in example compound 403, the HOMO distribution is located in the portion of the first condensed ring compound having the third boron atom, and the LUMO distribution is located in the portions of the first and second condensed ring compounds having the first and second boron atoms. From this, it can be confirmed that a charge-transfer (CT) type structure is formed within the molecule, and that excellent multiple resonance structures can be realized.

[0391] Comparative Examples 1 to 3 show a reduced lifespan compared to the Examples. Comparative Compounds X1 to X3 included in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 contain light-emitting materials with a different structure from the Examples, which do not have a structure containing three boron atoms formed by bonding the first to third condensed ring compounds. Therefore, their light-emitting properties may be reduced. As a result, the element lifespan of the light-emitting devices in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 may be reduced compared to the light-emitting device of the Examples.

[0392] In the case of comparative compounds X4 and X5 included in Comparative Examples 4 and 5, two boron atoms are contained and two fused ring structures are bonded together. As a result, the absorbance does not increase significantly, the luminescence characteristics are poor, and the device lifetime is significantly reduced compared to the examples.

[0393] Comparative example compound X6, included in Comparative Example 6, contains three boron atoms, but the core structure formed by the bonding of three fused rings is different from that of the example compound, and it exhibits a shorter device lifespan compared to the light-emitting element of the example.

[0394] On the other hand, Figure 14a shows the distribution of the HOMO level of the example compound X7, and Figure 14b shows the distribution of the LUMO level of the example compound X7. The dotted circle in Figure 17a shows the schematic distribution of HOMO, and the dotted circle in Figure 14b shows the schematic distribution of LUMO. Referring to Figures 14a and 14b, it can be seen that in comparative compound X7, the HOMO distribution is located in the condensed ring portion containing one boron atom and two nitrogen atoms, and the LUMO distribution is located in each of the condensed rings containing one boron atom and two oxygen atoms. In comparative compound X7, the LUMO is distributed such that it is independently biased in each of the two condensed rings, and because the LUMO is not integrated, LUMO conjugation may be insufficient, which may reduce the luminescence characteristics of the compound. As a result, the device life of the light-emitting element of comparative example 7 may be reduced compared to the light-emitting element of the example.

[0395] Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described so far with reference, a person skilled in the art or with ordinary knowledge in the art will understand that the present invention can be modified and altered in various ways without departing from the spirit and art domain of the invention as described in the claims below.

[0396] Therefore, the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to what is described in the detailed description of the specification, but should be determined by the claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0397] DD, DD-TD: Display device ED: Light-emitting element EL1: First electrode EL2: 2nd electrode HTR: Hole transport region EML: Emitting Layer ETR: Electron transport region

Claims

1. Includes a display panel containing multiple light-emitting elements, At least one of the plurality of light-emitting elements is An electronic device comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode disposed on the first electrode; and a light-emitting layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, containing a first compound represented by the following chemical formula 1: [Chemical formula 1] 【Chemistry 1】 In the aforementioned chemical formula 1, X １ ~X ６ These are each independently O, S, or NR ｘ And, Y １ ~Y ２１ Each is independently N or CR ｙ And, R ｘ This is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. R ｙ These are a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms.

2. Includes the aforementioned display panel, and includes a display panel for displaying video, The display device emits light in different wavelength ranges and includes a first light-emitting region, a second light-emitting region, and a third light-emitting region that are separated from each other on a plane. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the first light-emitting region, the second light-emitting region, and the third light-emitting region are regions from which light generated from each of the plurality of light-emitting elements is emitted.

3. The electronic device according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of light-emitting elements include a first light-emitting element arranged in correspondence with the first light-emitting region, a second light-emitting element arranged in correspondence with the second light-emitting region, and a third light-emitting element arranged in correspondence with the third light-emitting region.

4. The electronic device according to claim 2, wherein the display device includes a plurality of display surfaces in which the primary display direction of the image is different from that of the other.

5. It includes multiple independently controlled display devices, each displaying an image. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the display devices includes the display panel.

6. The electronic device according to claim 1, further comprising at least one of a processor, memory, and power supply module.

7. Including the aforementioned display panel, The electronic device according to claim 1, which is a television, monitor, external billboard, personal computer, laptop computer, personal information terminal, vehicle device, game console, smartphone, tablet, smartwatch, or camera.

8. First electrode and A second electrode is placed on the first electrode, A light-emitting element comprising a light-emitting layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and containing a first compound represented by the following chemical formula 1: [Chemical formula 1] 【Chemistry 2】 In the aforementioned chemical formula 1, X １ ~X ６ is each independently O, S, or NR ｘ and Y １ ~Y ２１ Each is independently N or CR ｙ And, R ｘ This is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. R ｙ These are a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms.

9. The first compound is the light-emitting element according to claim 8, represented by the following chemical formula 2: [Chemical formula 2] 【Transformation 3】 In the aforementioned chemical formula 2, R １ ~R ７ Each of these is independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. a and e are independent integers between 0 and 3, b, d, and f are each independent integers between 0 and 4, c is an integer between 0 and 2, X １ ~X ６ This is as defined in Chemical Formula 1 above.

10. The first compound is the light-emitting element according to claim 8, represented by the following chemical formula 3: [Chemical formula 3] 【Chemistry 4】 In the aforementioned chemical formula 3, R ｉ１ , R ｊ１ , R ｋ２ , R ｌ１ , and R ｍ１ Each of these is independently a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom, R ｉ２ , R ｊ２ , R ｋ２ , R ｌ２ , and R ｍ２ Each of these is independently a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. i1 and l1 are independent integers between 0 and 3, j1, k1, and m1 are each independent integers between 0 and 4, i2, j2, k2, l2, and m2 are each independently between 0 and 1. X １ ~X ６ This is as defined in Chemical Formula 1 above.

11. R ｉ２ , R ｊ２ , R ｋ２ , R ｌ２ , and R ｍ２ The light-emitting element according to claim 10, wherein each of them is independently a substituted or unsubstituted methyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted t-butyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group.

12. The first compound is the light-emitting element according to claim 8, represented by the following chemical formula 4: [Chemical formula 4] 【Transformation 5】 In the aforementioned chemical formula 4, R ａ１ , R ａ２ , R ｂ１ , R ｂ２ , R ｃ１ , R ｃ２ , R ｄ１ , R ｄ２ , R ｅ１ , and R ｅ２ Each of these is independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. a1 and d1 are independent integers between 0 and 2, b1, c1, and e1 are each independent integers between 0 and 3, X １ ~X ６ This is as defined in Chemical Formula 1 above.

13. R ａ１ , R ａ２ , R ｂ１ , R ｂ２ , R ｃ１ , R ｃ２ , R ｄ１ , R ｄ２ , R ｅ１ , and R ｅ２ The light-emitting element according to claim 12, wherein each is independently a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.

14. R ａ２ , R ｂ２ , R ｃ２ , R ｄ２ , and R ｅ２ The light-emitting element according to claim 12, wherein at least one of them is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms.

15. X １ ~X ６ At least one of them is O, and the rest are NR ｘ The light-emitting element according to claim 8.

16. X １ ~X ６ At least two of them are NR ｘ The light-emitting element according to claim 8, wherein the remaining amount is O.

17. R ｘ The light-emitting element according to claim 8, wherein is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted terphenyl group.

18. The light-emitting element according to claim 8, wherein at least one of the hydrogen atoms in the first compound is substituted with a deuterium atom.

19. The light-emitting element according to claim 8 further comprises at least one of the following: a second compound represented by the chemical formula HT-1, a third compound represented by the chemical formula ET-1, and a fourth compound represented by the chemical formula D-1: [Chemical formula HT-1] 【Transformation 6】 In the aforementioned chemical formula HT-1, A １ ~A ８ Each is independently N or CR ５１ And, L １ This is a directly linked, substituted, or unsubstituted ring-forming arylene group with 6 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group with 2 to 30 carbon atoms. Y ａ Direct bonding, CR ５２ R ５３ , or SiR ５４ R ５５ And, Ar １ This is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. R ５１ ~R ５５ Each of these groups is independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted ring-forming aryl group having 6 to 60 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted ring-forming heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 carbon atoms, or is bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring: [Chemical formula ET-1] 【Transformation 7】 In the aforementioned chemical formula ET-1, Z ａ ~Z ｃ At least one of them is N, and the rest are CR ５６ And, R ５６ This is a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring-forming carbon atoms. g1 to g3 are each independent integers between 0 and 10, Ar ２ ~Ar ４ Each of these is independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. L ２ to L ４ are each independently a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms: [Chemical formula D-1] 【Transformation 8】 In the aforementioned chemical formula D-1, Q １ ~Q ４ Each is independently either C or N, C1 to C4 are each independently substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon rings with 5 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heterorings with 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. L １１ ~L １３ Each is independently and directly connected. 【change】 , a substituted or unsubstituted divalent alkyl group having 1 to 20 ring-forming carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, b11 to b13 are each independently either 0 or 1. R ６１ to R ６６ each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring-forming carbon atoms, or combines with an adjacent group to form a ring, d1 to d4 are each independent integers between 0 and 4, inclusive.

20. The first compound is represented by any one of the compounds in the following first group of compounds, as described in claim 8: [First compound group] 【Chemistry 9】 【Chemistry 10】 【Chemistry 11】 【Chemistry 12】 【Chemistry 13】 【Chemistry 14】 【Chemistry 15】 【Chemistry 16】 【Chemistry 17】 [Chemistry 18] 【Chemistry 19】 【Chemistry 20】 【Chemistry 21】 【Chemistry 22】 【Chemistry 23】 【Chemistry 24】 【Chemistry 25】 【Chemistry 26】 【Chemistry 27】 【Chemistry 28】 【Chemistry 29】 【Transformation 30】 【Chemistry 31】 【Chemistry 32】 【Transformation 33】 【Transformation 34】 【Chemistry 35】 【Transformation 36】 【Chemistry 37】 【Transformation 38】 【Chemistry 39】 【Chemistry 40】 【Chemistry 41】 【Chemistry 42】 【Chemistry 43】 【Chemistry 44】 【Chemistry 45】 【Chemistry 46】 【Chemistry 47】 【Chemistry 48】 【Chemistry 49】 [Transformation 50] 【Chemistry 51】 【Chemistry 52】 【Chemistry 53】 【Chemistry 54】 【Transformation 55】 【Transformation 56】 【Chemistry 57】 【Chemistry 58】 【Chemistry 59】 【Transformation 60】 【Chemistry 61】 【Transformation 62】 【Transformation 63】 【Chemistry 64】 【Transformation 65】 【Chemical Formula 66】 【Transformation 67】 【Transformation 68】 【Transformation 69】 In the first group of compounds described above, "D" represents a deuterium atom.

21. The condensed polycyclic compound represented by the following chemical formula 1: [Chemical formula 1] 【Transformation 70】 In the aforementioned chemical formula 1, X １ ~X ６ These are each independently O, S, or NR ｘ And, Y １ ~Y ２１ Each is independently N or CR ｙ And, R ｘ This is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. R ｙ These are a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms.

22. The aforementioned chemical formula 1 is the condensed polycyclic compound according to claim 21, represented by the following chemical formula 2: [Chemical formula 2] 【Chemistry 71】 In the aforementioned chemical formula 2, R １ ~R ７ Each of these is independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. a and e are independent integers between 0 and 3, b, d, and f are each independent integers between 0 and 4, c is an integer between 0 and 2, X １ ~X ６ This is as defined in Chemical Formula 1 above.

23. The aforementioned chemical formula 1 is the condensed polycyclic compound according to claim 21, represented by the following chemical formula 3: [Chemical formula 3] 【Chemistry 72】 In the aforementioned chemical formula 3, R ｉ１ , R ｊ１ , R ｋ２ , R ｌ１ , and R ｍ１ Each of these is independently a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom, R ｉ２ , R ｊ２ , R ｋ２ , R ｌ２ , and R ｍ２ Each of these is independently a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. i1 and l1 are independent integers between 0 and 3, j1, k1, and m1 are each independent integers between 0 and 4, i2, j2, k2, l2, and m2 are each independently between 0 and 1. X １ ~X ６ This is as defined in Chemical Formula 1 above.

24. The aforementioned chemical formula 1 is the condensed polycyclic compound according to claim 21, represented by the following chemical formula 4: [Chemical formula 4] 【Transformation 73】 In the aforementioned chemical formula 4, R ａ１ , R ａ２ , R ｂ１ , R ｂ２ , R ｃ１ , R ｃ２ , R ｄ１ , R ｄ２ , R ｅ１ , and R ｅ２ Each of these is independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. a1 and d1 are independent integers between 0 and 2, b1, c1, and e1 are each independent integers between 0 and 3, X １ ~X ６ This is as defined in Chemical Formula 1 above.

25. R ａ１ , R ａ２ , R ｂ１ , R ｂ２ , R ｃ１ , R ｃ２ , R ｄ１ , R ｄ２ , R ｅ１ , and R ｅ２ The condensed polycyclic compound according to claim 24, wherein each atom is independently a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.

26. R ａ２ , R ｂ２ , R ｃ２ , R ｄ２ , and R ｅ２ The condensed polycyclic compound according to claim 24, wherein at least one of them is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms.

27. The aforementioned chemical formula 1 is represented by at least one compound from the following first group of compounds, and is a condensed polycyclic compound according to claim 21: [First compound group] 【Chemistry 74】 【Chemistry 75】 【Transformation 76】 【Chemical 77】 【Chemical 77】 【Transformation 78】 【Transformation 79】 【Chemistry 80】 【Chemistry 81】 【Chemistry 82】 【Chemistry 83】 【Chemical 84】 【Chemical 85】 【Chemical 86】 【Chemistry 87】 【Chemical 88】 【Chemistry 89】 [Chemical 90] 【Chemistry 91】 【Chemistry 92】 【Chemistry 93】 【Chemical 94】 【Chemical 95】 【Chemistry 96】 【Chemistry 97】 【Chem.98】 【Chem.99】 【Chemistry 100】 【Chemistry 101】 【Chemical Engineering 102】 【Chemistry 103】 【Chemical 104】 【Chemistry 105】 【Chemistry 106】 【Chemistry 107】 【Chemistry 108】 【Chemistry 109】 【Chemical 110】 【Chemistry 111】 【Chemistry 112】 【Chemistry 113】 【Chemistry 114】 【Chemical 115】 【Chemistry 116】 【Chemistry 117】 【Chemistry 118】 【Chemical 119】 【Chemical 120】 【Chemistry 121】 【Chemistry 122】 【Chemical 123】 【Chemistry 124】 【Chemistry 125】 【Chemistry 126】 【Chemistry 127】 【Chemistry 128】 【Chemistry 129】 【Chemistry 130】 【Chemistry 131】 【Chemistry 132】 【Chemistry 133】 In the first group of compounds described above, D is a deuterium atom.

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