Method and apparatus for transmitting or receiving distributed resource unit tone plans and pilot tone bases in a wireless LAN system

Abstract

A transmission or reception method and apparatus based on a distributed resource unit tone plan in a wireless LAN system is disclosed. A method performed by a first station (STA) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may include the steps of: generating a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) including one or more fields, wherein the one or more fields are mapped onto one or more distributed resource units (DRUs); and transmitting the PPDU to one or more second STAs over a bandwidth including an 80 MHz channel. Based on the fact that the one or more DRUs include 26-tone DRUs, the 26-tone DRUs may be any one of 36 already defined 26-tone DRUs. The pilot tone of each of the 36 already defined 26-tone DRUs may be the seventh lowest subcarrier and the seventh highest subcarrier of the subcarriers included in one 26-tone DRU.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for transmission or reception based on a distributed resource unit tone plan and pilot tones in a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) system.

Background Art

[0002] New technologies for improving the transmission rate, increasing the bandwidth, improving the reliability, reducing errors, and reducing latency in Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have been introduced. Among WLAN technologies, the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 series of standards can be referred to as Wi-Fi. For example, technologies recently introduced to WLANs include enhancements for Very High-Throughput (VHT) of the 802.11ac standard, enhancements for High Efficiency (HE) of the IEEE 802.11ax standard, and the like.

[0003] To provide a more improved wireless communication environment, improvement technologies for Extremely High Throughput (EHT) are being discussed. For example, technologies for increased bandwidth, efficient utilization of multiple bands, Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) to support increased spatial streams, and technologies for multi-access point (AP) coordination are being studied. In particular, various technologies for supporting traffic with low latency or real-time characteristics are being studied. In addition, new technologies for supporting ultra-high reliability (UHR), including improvements or extensions to EHT technology, are being discussed.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] The technical problem addressed in this disclosure is to provide a transmission or reception method and apparatus based on a distributed resource unit tone plan and pilot tone in a wireless LAN system.

[0005] The technical challenges addressed in this disclosure are not limited to those mentioned above, and other technical challenges not mentioned will be clearly understood by those with ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains from the following description. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] A method performed by a first station (STA) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system according to one aspect of the present disclosure may include (may include; configure; construct; set up; encompass; include; contain; contain; have

[0007] A method performed by a second station (STA) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system according to a further aspect of the present disclosure may include the steps of receiving a PPDU (physical layer protocol data unit) from a first STA that includes one or more fields on a bandwidth including an 80 MHz channel, and decoding the one or more fields mapped onto one or more DRUs (distributed resource units). Based on the fact that the one or more DRUs include 26-tone DRUs, the 26-tone DRUs may be any one of 36 already defined 26-tone DRUs. The pilot tone of each of the 36 already defined 26-tone DRUs may be the seventh lowest subcarrier and the seventh highest subcarrier of the subcarriers included in one 26-tone DRU. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] According to this disclosure, a transmission or reception method and apparatus based on a distributed resource unit tone plan and pilot tone in a wireless LAN system can be provided.

[0009] The effects derived from this disclosure are not limited to those mentioned above, and any other effects not mentioned above will be clearly understood by a person with ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains from the following description. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0010] The accompanying drawings, included as part of the detailed description to aid in understanding this disclosure, provide examples of the disclosure and illustrate the technical features of the disclosure together with the detailed description. [Figure 1] This is a block diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] This figure shows an exemplary structure of a wireless LAN system to which this disclosure can be applied. [Figure 3]This diagram illustrates the link setup process to which this disclosure applies. [Figure 4] This diagram illustrates the backoff process to which this disclosure applies. [Figure 5] This diagram illustrates the CSMA / CA baseframe transmission operation to which this disclosure can be applied. [Figure 6] This figure illustrates an example of a frame structure used in a wireless LAN system to which this disclosure can be applied. [Figure 7] This figure shows an example of a PPDU as defined in the IEEE 802.11 standard to which this disclosure applies. [Figure 8-10] This figure illustrates an example of a resource unit in a wireless LAN system to which this disclosure can be applied. [Figure 11] This is a diagram illustrating examples of DRUs to which this disclosure applies. [Figure 12] This figure shows an exemplary format of a trigger frame to which this disclosure can be applied. [Figure 13] This figure illustrates an example of the DRU tone plan and pilot tone-based PPDU receiving method for the first STA related to this disclosure. [Figure 14] This figure illustrates an example of the DRU tone plan and pilot tone-based PPDU transmission method for the second STA related to this disclosure. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0011] Preferred embodiments relating to this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The detailed description disclosed below, together with the accompanying drawings, is intended to illustrate exemplary embodiments of this disclosure and is not intended to represent the only possible embodiments of this disclosure. The detailed description below includes specific details to provide a complete understanding of this disclosure. However, those skilled in the art will understand that this disclosure is implementable without such specific details.

[0012] In some cases, to avoid ambiguity of the concepts in this disclosure, known structures and devices may be omitted, or they may be shown in the form of block diagrams focusing on the core function of each structure and device.

[0013] In this disclosure, when one component is “connected,” “joined,” or “linked” to another component, this may include not only a direct connection but also an indirect connection in which other components exist between them. Also, in this disclosure, the terms “includes” or “have” identify the presence of the referred feature, stage, operation, element and / or component, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, stages, operations, elements, components and / or groups thereof.

[0014] In this disclosure, terms such as "first," "second," etc., are used solely to distinguish one component from another, and are not used to limit the components, nor do they limit the order or importance of the components unless specifically mentioned. Therefore, within the scope of this disclosure, a first component in one embodiment may be referred to as a second component in another embodiment, and similarly, a second component in one embodiment may be referred to as a first component in another embodiment.

[0015] The terms used in this disclosure are for illustrative purposes relating to specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the claims. As used in the description of the embodiments and in the attached claims, singular forms are intended to include plural forms unless otherwise specified in the context. The terms "and / or" used in this disclosure may refer to one of the related enumerated items, or to any and all possible combinations of two or more of them. In this disclosure, a " / " between words has the same meaning as "and / or" unless otherwise specified.

[0016] The examples of the present disclosure may be applied to various wireless communication systems. For example, the examples of the present disclosure may be applied to a wireless LAN system. For example, the examples of the present disclosure may be applied to an IEEE 802.11a / g / n / ac / ax / be standard-based wireless LAN. Note that the examples of the present disclosure may be applied to a newly proposed IEEE 802.11bn (or, UHR) standard-based wireless LAN. Furthermore, the examples of the present disclosure may also be applied to a next-generation standard-based wireless LAN after IEEE 802.11bn. Also, the examples of the present disclosure may be applied to a cellular wireless communication system. For example, it may be applied to a cellular wireless communication system based on the technologies of the LTE (Long Term Evolution) series and the 5G NR (New Radio) series of the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project: registered trademark; the same hereinafter) standard.

[0017] Hereinafter, the technical features to which the examples of the present disclosure can be applied will be described. [[ID=##ID=6]]

[0018] FIG. 1 is a block configuration diagram illustrating a wireless communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] The first device 100 and the second device 200 illustrated in Figure 1 may be replaced with various terms such as terminal, wireless device, WTRU (Wireless Transmit Receive Unit), UE (User Equipment), MS (Mobile Station), UT (user terminal), MSS (Mobile Subscriber Station), MSS (Mobile Subscriber Unit), SS (Subscriber Station), AMS (Advanced Mobile Station), WT (Wireless terminal), or simply user. Furthermore, the first device 100 and the second device 200 may be replaced with various terms such as access point (AP), BS (Base Station), fixed station, Node B, BTS (base transceiver system), network, AI (Artificial Intelligence) system, RSU (roadside unit), repeater, router, relay, gateway, etc.

[0020] The devices 100 and 200 illustrated in Figure 1 can also be referred to as stations (STA). For example, the devices 100 and 200 illustrated in Figure 1 can be referred to by various terms such as transmitting device, receiving device, transmitting STA, and receiving STA. For example, STA 110 and 200 can play the role of an AP (access point) or a non-AP. That is, in this disclosure, STA 110 and 200 may have AP and / or non-AP functions. When STA 110 and 200 have AP functions, they can simply be called APs, and when STA 110 and 200 have non-AP functions, they can simply be called STAs. In addition, in this disclosure, AP may be represented as AP STA.

[0021] Referring to Figure 1, the first device 100 and the second device 200 can send and receive wireless signals using various wireless LAN technologies (e.g., the IEEE 802.11 series). The first device 100 and the second device 200 may include interfaces to the medium access control (MAC) layer and the physical layer (PHY) in accordance with the IEEE 802.11 standard.

[0022] Furthermore, the first device 100 and the second device 200 can also further support various communication standards other than Wi-Fi technology (e.g., 3GPP LTE series, 5G NR series standards, etc.). The devices of this disclosure may also be embodied in various devices such as mobile phones, vehicles, personal computers, Augmented Reality (AR) equipment, and Virtual Reality (VR) equipment. In addition, the STA of this specification can support various communication services such as voice calls, video calls, data communication, autonomous driving, Machine-Type Communication (MTC), Machine-to-Machine (M2M), Device-to-Device (D2D), and Internet of Things (IoT).

[0023] The first device 100 includes one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104, and may further include one or more transceivers 106 and / or one or more antennas 108. The processor 102 may control the memories 104 and / or the transceivers 106 and be configured to embody the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation diagrams of this disclosure. For example, the processor 102 may process information in the memory 104 to generate first information / signals and then transmit a radio signal containing the first information / signals via the transceiver 106. Alternatively, the processor 102 may receive a radio signal containing second information / signals via the transceiver 106 and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signals in the memory 104. The memory 104 may be linked to the processor 102 and can store various information relating to the operation of the processor 102. For example, memory 104 may store software code that executes some or all of a process controlled by processor 102, or that contains instructions for executing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation sequence diagrams in this disclosure. Here, processor 102 and memory 104 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to embody wireless LAN technology (e.g., IEEE 802.11 series). Transceiver 106 may be coupled with processor 102 and can transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 108. Transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and / or receiver. Transceiver 106 may be used synonymously with RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In this disclosure, device may also mean communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0024] The second device 200 includes one or more processors 202, one or more memories 204, and may further include one or more transceivers 206 and / or one or more antennas 208. The processor 202 may control the memories 204 and / or the transceivers 206 and be configured to embody the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation sequence diagrams disclosed herein. For example, the processor 202 may process information in the memory 204 to generate third information / signals and then transmit a radio signal containing the third information / signals via the transceiver 206. Alternatively, the processor 202 may receive a radio signal containing fourth information / signals via the transceiver 206 and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information / signals in the memory 204. The memory 204 may be linked to the processor 202 and can store various information related to the operation of the processor 202. For example, memory 204 may store software code that executes some or all of the processes controlled by processor 202, or that contains instructions for executing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation sequence diagrams disclosed in this disclosure. Here, processor 202 and memory 204 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to embody wireless LAN technology (e.g., IEEE 802.11 series). Transceiver 206 may be coupled with processor 202 and may transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 208. Transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and / or receiver. Transceiver 206 may be used synonymously with RF unit. In this disclosure, device may also mean communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0025] The hardware elements of devices 100,200 are described in more detail below. However, one or more protocol layers may be embodied by one or more processors 102,202. For example, one or more processors 102,202 can embodied one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY and MAC). One or more processors 102,202 can generate one or more PDUs (Protocol Data Units) and / or one or more SDUs (Service Data Units) by means of the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation sequence diagrams in this disclosure. One or more processors 102,202 can generate messages, control information, data, or information by means of the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation sequence diagrams in this disclosure. One or more processors 102,202 can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) containing PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information by the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods of this disclosure and provide them to one or more transceivers 106,206. One or more processors 102,202 can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers 106,206 and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information by the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation sequence diagrams of this disclosure.

[0026] One or more processors 102,202 may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. One or more processors 102,202 may be embodied by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuits), one or more DSPs (Digital Signal Processors), one or more DSPDs (Digital Signal Processing Devices), one or more PLDs (Programmable Logic Devices), or one or more FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) may be included in one or more processors 102,202. The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation sequence diagrams disclosed in this disclosure may be embodied using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be embodied to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or sequence diagrams disclosed in this disclosure may be contained in one or more processors 102,202 or stored in one or more memories 104,204 and driven by one or more processors 102,202. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or sequence diagrams disclosed in this disclosure may be embodied by firmware or software in the form of code, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0027] One or more memories 104,204 may be connected to one or more processors 102,202 and can store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions and / or commands. One or more memories 104,204 may consist of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories 104,204 may be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors 102,202. Furthermore, one or more memories 104,204 may be connected to one or more processors 102,202 by various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0028] One or more transceivers 106,206 can transmit user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., as referred to in the methods and / or operation sequence diagrams of this disclosure, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106,206 can receive user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation sequence diagrams disclosed in this disclosure, from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106,206 may be coupled with one or more processors 102,202 to transmit and receive radio signals. For example, one or more processors 102,202 can control one or more transceivers 106,206 to transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. Also, one or more processors 102,202 can control one or more transceivers 106,206 to receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices. Furthermore, one or more transceivers 106,206 may be connected to one or more antennas 108,208, and one or more transceivers 106,206 may be configured to send and receive user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation sequence diagrams disclosed in this disclosure, via one or more antennas 108,208. In this disclosure, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers 106,206 may convert the received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., from RF band signals to baseband signals for processing using one or more processors 102,202. One or more transceivers 106,206 may convert the user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., processed by one or more processors 102,202, from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers 106,206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0029] For example, either STA100 or STA200 can perform the intended operation of an AP, and the other STA100 or STA200 can perform the intended operation of a non-AP STA. For example, the transceivers 106 and 206 in Figure 1 can perform the transmission and reception of signals (e.g., packets or PPDUs (Physical Layer Protocol Data Units) conforming to IEEE 802.11a / b / g / n / ac / ax / be / bn, etc.). Furthermore, in this disclosure, the operation of various STAs generating transmission and reception signals or performing data processing and calculations in advance for transmission and reception signals may be performed by the processors 102 and 202 in Figure 1. For example, an example of an operation that generates transmit / receive signals or performs data processing or calculations in advance for transmit / receive signals may include: 1) an operation to determine / acquire / construct / calculate / decode / encode bit information of fields contained within the PPDU (SIG (signal), STF (short training field), LTF (long training field), Data, etc.); 2) an operation to determine / construct / acquire time resources and frequency resources (e.g., subcarrier resources) used for fields contained within the PPDU (SIG, STF, LTF, Data, etc.); 3) an operation to determine / construct / acquire specific sequences (e.g., pilot sequence, STF / LTF sequence, extra sequence applied to SIG) used for fields contained within the PPDU (SIG, STF, LTF, Data, etc.); 4) power control operations and / or power saving operations applied to the STA; and 5) operations related to determining / acquiring / constructing / calculating / decoding / encoding the ACK signal. Furthermore, in the following example, various pieces of information used by various STAs for determining / acquiring / composing / calculating / decoding / encoding the transmit / receive signals (e.g., information about fields / subfields / control fields / parameters / power, etc.) may be stored in memories 104,204 in Figure 1.

[0030] In the following, downlink (DL) refers to the link for communication from AP STA to non-AP STA, and downlink PPDU / packets / signals, etc., may be transmitted and received through the downlink. In downlink communication, the transmitter may be part of AP STA, and the receiver may be part of non-AP STA. Uplink (UL) refers to the link for communication from non-AP STA to AP STA, and uplink PPDU / packets / signals, etc., may be transmitted and received through the uplink. In uplink communication, the transmitter may be part of non-AP STA, and the receiver may be part of AP STA.

[0031] Figure 2 shows an exemplary structure of a wireless LAN system to which this disclosure can be applied.

[0032] The structure of a wireless LAN system may consist of multiple components. A wireless LAN may be provided that supports transparent STA mobility to higher layers through the interaction of multiple components. A BSS (Basic Service Set) corresponds to the basic structural block of a wireless LAN. Figure 2 illustrates the existence of two BSSs (BSS1 and BSS2), with each BSS containing two STAs as members (STA1 and STA2 are included in BSS1, and STA3 and STA4 are included in BSS2). In Figure 2, the ellipses representing the BSSs may be understood as representing the coverage area where the STAs included in that BSS maintain communication. This area can be called a BSA (Basic Service Area). When an STA moves outside a BSA, it can no longer communicate directly with other STAs within that BSA.

[0033] Ignoring the DS shown in Figure 2, the most basic type of BSS in a wireless LAN is the Independent BSS (IBSS). For example, an IBSS can have a minimal form consisting of only two STAs. For instance, assuming other components are omitted, BSS1 consisting only of STA1 and STA2, or BSS2 consisting only of STA3 and STA4, could be considered typical examples of an IBSS. Such a configuration is possible when STAs can communicate directly without APs. Furthermore, this type of wireless LAN is not pre-planned and configured, but can be configured when the LAN requires it, and can be called an ad-hoc network. Since an IBSS does not include APs, there is no centralized management entity. That is, in an IBSS, STAs are managed in a distributed manner. In an IBSS, all STAs may be mobile STAs, and connection to a distributed system (DS) is not permitted, forming a self-contained network.

[0034] STA membership in the BSS can change dynamically due to actions such as STAs being added or removed, or STAs entering or leaving the BSS area. To become a member of the BSS, an STA can join the BSS using a synchronization process. To access all services of the BSS-based structure, an STA must be associated with the BSS. Such associations may be configured dynamically and may include the use of Distribution System Services (DSS).

[0035] In a wireless LAN, the direct STA-to-STA distance may be limited by PHY performance. While this distance limit may be sufficient in some cases, there may be situations requiring communication between STAs over longer distances. Distributed systems (DS) may be configured to support extended coverage.

[0036] DS refers to a structure in which BSSs are interconnected. Specifically, as shown in Figure 2, BSSs may exist as components of an extended form of a network composed of multiple BSSs. DS is a logical concept and may be identified by the characteristics of the Distributed System Medium (DSM). In this regard, Wireless Medium (WM) and DSM may be logically distinct. Each logical medium is used for a different purpose and by different components. These mediums are neither limited to being the same nor limited to being different. The flexibility of wireless LAN structures (DS structures or other network structures) can be explained by the fact that multiple mediums are logically distinct from one another. That is, wireless LAN structures can be embodied in various ways, and each embodied example may be identified independently by its physical characteristics.

[0037] DS can support mobile devices by providing seamless integration of multiple BSSs and offering the necessary logical services for handling destination addresses. DS may also include a portal component that acts as a bridge for connecting wireless LANs with other networks (e.g., IEEE 802.X).

[0038] An AP (Application Programming Object) is an entity that enables a coupled non-AP STA (Systematization System) to access the DS (Data Storage System) via the WM (Web Module) and also possesses the functionality of an STA. Data can be moved between the BSS (Base System Storage) and the DS via the AP. For example, STA2 and STA3, shown in Figure 2, possess the functionality of an STA while also providing the ability for coupled non-AP STAs (STA1 and STA4) to access the DS. Furthermore, since all APs are essentially STAs, all APs are addressable entities. The address used by the AP for communication on the WM and the address used by the AP for communication on the DSM (Data Storage System) do not necessarily have to be the same. A BSS consisting of an AP and one or more STAs can be called an infrastructure BSS.

[0039] Data transmitted from one of the STAs connected to an AP to the AP's STA address is always received on an uncontrolled port and may be processed by an IEEE 802.1X port access entity. Alternatively, once a controlled port is authenticated, the transmitted data (or frame) may be forwarded to a DS.

[0040] An Extended Service Set (ESS) may be added to the aforementioned DS structure to provide even broader coverage.

[0041] An ESS (Service Set Network) refers to a network of arbitrary size and complexity composed of DSs (Distributed Service Sets) and BSSs (Blockchain Service Sets). An ESS can be a collection of BSSs connected to a single DS. However, an ESS cannot contain a DS. A key feature of an ESS network is that it appears as an IBSS (Internet Link Control Service Set) at the LLC (Logical Link Control) layer. STAs (Stage Attacks) within an ESS can communicate with each other, and mobile STAs can move transparently to the LLC from one BSS to another (within the same ESS). APs (Access Points) within an ESS may have the same SSID (Service Set Identification). An SSID is distinct from a BSSID, which is the identifier for a BSS.

[0042] In wireless LAN systems, no assumptions are made regarding the relative physical location of BSSs, and any of the following forms are possible: BSSs may partially overlap, which is a commonly used form to provide continuous coverage. BSSs do not have to be physically connected, and logically there is no limit to the distance between BSSs. BSSs may also be located in the same physical location, which may be used to provide redundancy. One (or more) IBSS or ESS networks may physically exist in the same space as one (or more) ESS networks. This may include ESS network configurations when an ad hoc network operates in the location where an ESS network exists, when physically overlapping wireless networks are configured by different organizations, or when two or more different access and security policies are required at the same location.

[0043] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating the link setup process to which this disclosure can be applied.

[0044] For an STA to set up a link to a network and send and receive data, it must first discover the network, perform authentication, establish an association, and carry out security authentication procedures. The link setup process can be called the session initiation process or session setup process. Alternatively, the discovery, authentication, association, and security setting processes of the link setup process can be collectively referred to as the association process.

[0045] In step S310, the STA can perform a network discovery operation. The network discovery operation may include the STA's scanning operation. That is, in order for the STA to access a network, it must find a network that it can join. Before joining a wireless network, the STA must identify a compatible network, and the process of identifying networks in a specific area is called scanning.

[0046] There are two scanning methods: active scanning and passive scanning. Figure 3 illustrates a network discovery operation that includes the active scanning process. In active scanning, the STA performing the scanning sends a probe request frame to search for nearby APs while moving between channels, and waits for a response. The responder sends a probe response frame to the STA that sent the probe request frame. Here, the responder may be the STA that last sent a beacon frame in the BSS of the channel being scanned. In BSS, APs send beacon frames, so APs become the responders, while in IBSS, STAs within IBSS alternately send beacon frames, so the responders are not constant. For example, an STA that sends a probe request frame on channel 1 and receives a probe response frame on channel 1 can save the BSS-related information contained in the received probe response frame and move to the next channel (e.g., channel 2) to perform scanning in the same way (i.e., send and receive probe requests / responses on channel 2).

[0047] Although not shown in Figure 3, scanning may also be performed using a passive scanning method. In passive scanning, the STA performing the scanning waits for beacon frames while switching channels. A beacon frame is one of the management frames defined in IEEE 802.11, and is transmitted periodically to announce the presence of a wireless network, allowing the scanning STA to find and join the wireless network. In BSS, APs are responsible for periodically transmitting beacon frames, while in IBSS, STAs within IBSS transmit beacon frames alternately. When the scanning STA receives a beacon frame, it stores the BSS information contained in the beacon frame and records the beacon frame information on each channel while moving to other channels. An STA that has received a beacon frame can store the BSS-related information contained in the received beacon frame and move to the next channel to perform scanning on the next channel in the same way. Comparing active scanning and passive scanning, active scanning has the advantage of less delay and power consumption compared to passive scanning.

[0048] After the STA discovers the network, an authentication process may be performed in step S320. This authentication process can be called the first authentication process to clearly distinguish it from the security setup operation in step S340, which will be described later.

[0049] The authentication process involves the STA sending an authentication request frame to the AP, and the AP responding by sending an authentication response frame to the STA. The authentication frame used in the authentication request / response corresponds to the management frame.

[0050] The authentication frame may include information such as the authentication algorithm number, authentication transaction sequence number, status code, challenge text, Robust Security Network (RSN), and Finite Cyclic Group. This is just an example of some of the information that may be included in the authentication request / response frame, and may be replaced by other information or may contain additional information.

[0051] The STA can send an authentication request frame to the AP. Based on the information contained in the received authentication request frame, the AP can decide whether or not to allow authentication to the STA. The AP can provide the STA with the result of the authentication process using an authentication response frame.

[0052] After the STA has been successfully authenticated, the association process may take place in step S330. The association process includes the STA sending an association request frame to the AP, and the AP sending an association response frame to the STA in response.

[0053] For example, an association request frame may include information about various capacities, such as the beacon listening interval, SSID (service set identifier), supported rates, supported channels, RSN, mobility domain, supported operating classes, TIM broadcast request (Traffic Indication Map Broadcast request), and interworking service capacity. For example, an association response frame may include information about various capacities, such as the status code, AID (Association ID), supported rates, EDCA (Enhanced Distributed Channel Access) parameter set, RCPI (Received Channel Power Indicator), RSNI (Received Signal to Noise Indicator), mobility domain, timeout interval (e.g., association comeback time), overlapping BSS scan parameters, TIM broadcast response, and QoS (Quality of Service) map. This is an example of some of the information that may be included in a join request / response frame, and may be replaced by other information or may include additional information.

[0054] After the STA is successfully connected to the network, the security setup process may be performed in step S340. The security setup process in step S340 can also be described as an authentication process using RSNA (Robust Security Network Association) requests / responses, and the authentication process in step S320 can be called the first authentication process, while the security setup process in step S340 can simply be called the authentication process.

[0055] The security setup process in stage S340 may include, for example, a process of private key setup using a four-way handshake with an EAPOL (Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN) frame. Furthermore, the security setup process may be performed using a security method not defined in the IEEE 802.11 standard.

[0056] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating the backoff process to which this disclosure can be applied.

[0057] In wireless LAN systems, the basic access mechanism of MAC (Medium Access Control) is the CSMA / CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance) mechanism. The CSMA / CA mechanism is also called the Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) of IEEE 802.11 MAC, and basically employs a "listen before talk" access mechanism. With this type of access mechanism, an AP and / or STA can perform a Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) to sense the radio channel or medium within a predetermined time interval (e.g., DIFS Inter-Frame Space) before initiating transmission. If the sensing determines that the medium is idle, the AP and / or STA will begin transmitting a frame through that medium. On the other hand, if the medium is perceived as occupied or busy, the AP and / or STA will not begin transmitting itself, but will wait for a delay period (e.g., a random backoff period) for medium access before attempting to transmit a frame. By applying a random backoff period, multiple STAs are expected to attempt to transmit frames after waiting for different periods of time from each other, thus minimizing collisions.

[0058] Furthermore, the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol provides HCF (Hybrid Coordination Function). HCF is based on the aforementioned DCF and PCF (Point Coordination Function). PCF is a polling-based synchronous access method that periodically polls so that all receiving APs and / or STAs can receive data frames. HCF also has EDCA (Enhanced Distributed Channel Access) and HCCA (HCF Controlled Channel Access). EDCA is a competition-based access method for a provider to provide data frames to multiple users, while HCCA uses a non-competition-based channel access method with a polling mechanism. In addition, HCF includes a media access mechanism to improve the QoS (Quality of Service) of wireless LANs and can transmit QoS data during both the Contention Period (CP) and the Contention Free Period (CFP).

[0059] Refer to Figure 4 to explain the operation based on the random backoff period. When a medium that was occupied / busy changes to an idle state, multiple STAs can attempt to transmit data (or frames). As a way to minimize collisions, each STA can select a random backoff count and wait for the corresponding slot time before attempting to transmit. The random backoff count has a pseudo-random integer value and may be determined to any one of the values ​​in the range of 0 to CW. Here, CW is the Contention Window parameter value. The CW parameter is initially given as CWmin, but can take twice the value in case of transmission failure (for example, if an ACK for a transmitted frame is not received). When the CW parameter value becomes CWmax, the STA can attempt to transmit data while maintaining the CWmax value until successful data transmission occurs, at which point it is reset to the CWmin value. The CW, CWmin, and CWmax values ​​are 2 n It is preferable to set it to -1 (n=0,1,2,...).

[0060] Once the random backoff process begins, the STA continues to monitor the media while counting down the backoff slots according to the determined backoff count value. When the media is monitored as occupied, the countdown stops and it waits; when the media becomes idle, the remaining countdown resumes.

[0061] In the example in Figure 4, when a packet to be transmitted reaches the MAC of STA3, STA3 can immediately transmit the frame after confirming that the medium is idle for DIFS only. The remaining STAs monitor the occupied / busy state of the medium and wait. Meanwhile, data to be transmitted may also be generated in STA1, STA2, and STA5. When each STA monitors the medium as idle, after waiting for DIFS only, it can count down the backoff slot using a random backoff count value of its choice. Assume that STA2 selects the minimum backoff count value and STA1 selects the maximum backoff count value. That is, the example illustrates a case where the remaining backoff time for STA5 is shorter than the remaining backoff time for STA1 when STA2 finishes its backoff count and begins transmitting a frame. STA1 and STA5 pause their countdown and wait for a while while STA2 occupies the medium. When STA2's occupation ends and the medium becomes idle again, STA1 and STA5 wait for DIFS only before resuming the paused backoff count. In other words, frame transmission can begin after counting down the remaining backoff slots equal to the remaining backoff time. Since STA5's remaining backoff time was shorter than STA1's, STA5 begins frame transmission. Data to transmit may also occur in STA4 while STA2 is occupying the medium. From STA4's perspective, when the medium becomes idle, it can wait for DIFS, then count down using a random backoff count value of its choosing, and begin frame transmission. The example in Figure 4 shows a case where STA5's remaining backoff time coincidentally matches STA4's random backoff count value, in which case a collision may occur between STA4 and STA5. If a collision occurs, neither STA4 nor STA5 will receive an ACK, and data transmission will fail. In this case, STA4 and STA5 can double their CW value, select a random backoff count value, and then perform the countdown.STA1 waits while the medium is occupied by transmissions from STA4 and STA5. When the medium becomes idle, STA1 waits only for DIFS time, and can start transmitting frames once the remaining backoff time has elapsed.

[0062] As illustrated in Figure 4, data frames are used to transmit data forwarded to higher layers and may be transmitted after a backoff that occurs after DIFS has elapsed, from the time the medium becomes idle. Furthermore, management frames are used to exchange management information that is not forwarded to higher layers and are transmitted after a backoff that occurs after an IFS such as DIFS or PIFS (Point Coordination Function IFS) has elapsed. Subtypes of management frames include beacons, association request / response, re-association request / response, probe request / response, and authentication request / response. Control frames are used to control access to the medium. Control frames can be subtypes of frames such as RTS (Request-To-Send), CTS (Clear-To-Send), ACK (Acknowledgment), PS-Poll (Power Save-Poll), Block ACK (BlockAck), Block ACK Request (BlockACKReq), NDP Announcement (null data packet announcement), and Trigger. Control frames are sent after a backoff that occurs after DIFS if they are not a response frame to a previous frame, and without a backoff after SIFS (short IFS) if they are a response frame to a previous frame. The type and subtype of a frame may be identified by the type field and subtype field in the frame control (FC) field.

[0063] A Quality of Service (QoS) STA can transmit a frame after an arbitration IFS (AIFS) for the access category (AC) to which the frame belongs, i.e., after a backoff that occurs after AIFS[i] (where i is a value determined by the AC). Frames for which AIFS[i] is available can be data frames, management frames, or control frames that are not response frames.

[0064] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating the CSMA / CA baseframe transmission operation to which this disclosure can be applied.

[0065] As mentioned earlier, the CSMA / CA mechanism includes not only physical carrier sensing, where the STA directly senses the medium, but also virtual carrier sensing. Virtual carrier sensing is intended to compensate for problems that can occur in medium access, such as the hidden node problem. For virtual carrier sensing, the STA's MAC can utilize the Network Allocation Vector (NAV). The NAV is a value that indicates to other STAs the time remaining until the medium becomes available, used by an STA that is currently using or authorized to use the medium. Therefore, the value set as the NAV corresponds to the period during which the STA sending the frame is scheduled to use the medium, and STAs receiving the NAV value are prohibited from accessing the medium during that period. For example, the NAV may be set based on the value of the "duration" field in the frame's MAC header.

[0066] In the example shown in Figure 5, we assume that STA1 is attempting to transmit data to STA2, and STA3 is in a position where it can overhear some or all of the frames transmitted and received between STA1 and STA2.

[0067] In CSMA / CA baseframe transmission operation, a mechanism utilizing RTS / CTS frames may be applied to reduce the possibility of collisions between transmissions from multiple STAs. In the example in Figure 5, while STA1 is transmitting, STA3's carrier sensing may determine that the medium is idle. That is, STA1 may be a hidden node for STA3. Alternatively, in the example in Figure 5, while STA2 is transmitting, STA3's carrier sensing may determine that the medium is idle. That is, STA2 may be a hidden node for STA3. By exchanging RTS / CTS frames before data transmission and reception between STA1 and STA2, it is possible to prevent STAs outside the transmission range of either STA1 or STA2, or STAs outside the carrier sensing range for transmissions from STA1 or STA3, from attempting to occupy the channel during data transmission and reception between STA1 and STA2.

[0068] Specifically, STA1 can determine whether a channel is in use or not using carrier sensing. In terms of physical carrier sensing, STA1 can determine the channel's occupied or idle state based on the energy magnitude or signal correlation detected from the channel. In terms of virtual carrier sensing, STA1 can determine the channel's occupied state using a network allocation vector (NAV) timer.

[0069] STA1 can send an RTS frame to STA2 after backoff if the channel is idle during DIFS. STA2, upon receiving an RTS frame, can send a CTS frame, which is a response to the RTS frame, to STA1 after SIFS.

[0070] If STA3 cannot overhear CTS frames from STA2 but can overhear RTS frames from STA1, STA3 can use the duration information contained in the RTS frames to set the NAV timer for subsequent consecutive frame transmission periods (e.g., SIFS + CTS frame + SIFS + data frame + SIFS + ACK frame). Alternatively, if STA3 cannot overhear RTS frames from STA1 but can overhear CTS frames from STA2, STA3 can use the duration information contained in the CTS frames to set the NAV timer for subsequent consecutive frame transmission periods (e.g., SIFS + data frame + SIFS + ACK frame). In other words, STA3 can set NAV based on overhearing one or more RTS or CTS frames from at least one of STA1 or STA2. If STA3 receives a new frame before the NAV timer expires, it can update the NAV timer using the duration information contained in the new frame. STA3 will not attempt to access the channel until the NAV timer expires.

[0071] When STA1 receives a CTS frame from STA2, it can send a data frame to STA2 after SIFS from the time the CTS frame reception is complete. If STA2 successfully receives the data frame, it can send an ACK frame, which is a response to the data frame, to STA1 after SIFS. When the NAV timer expires, STA3 can use carrier sensing to determine whether the channel is in use or not. If STA3 determines that the channel is not being used by another terminal between the expiration of the NAV timer and DIFS, it can attempt to access the channel after the random backoff conflict window (CW) has passed.

[0072] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a frame structure used in a wireless LAN system to which this disclosure can be applied.

[0073] The PHY layer can prepare the MPDU (MAC PDU) to be transmitted based on instructions or primitives (meaning a set of instructions or parameters) from the MAC layer. For example, when the PHY layer receives an instruction from the MAC layer requesting it to start transmitting, it switches to transmit mode and can assemble the information provided by the MAC layer (e.g., data) into a frame and transmit it. Also, when the PHY layer detects a valid preamble in the frame it is receiving, it monitors the preamble header and sends an instruction to the MAC layer to signal that the PHY layer has started receiving.

[0074] Thus, information transmission and reception in wireless LAN systems are performed in the form of frames, and for this purpose, the Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) frame format is defined.

[0075] A basic PPDU may include an STF (Short Training Field), an LTF (Long Training Field), a SIG (SIGNAL) field, and a Data field. The most basic (e.g., non-HT (High Throughput) PPDU format shown in Figure 7) may consist only of an L-STF (Legacy-STF), an L-LTF (Legacy-LTF), an L-SIG (Legacy-SIG) field, and a Data field. Depending on the type of PPDU format (e.g., HT-mixed format PPDU, HT-greenfield format PPDU, VHT (Very High Throughput) PPDU, etc.), additional (or other types of) RL-SIG, U-SIG, non-legacy SIG fields, non-legacy STF, non-legacy LTF (i.e., xx-SIG, xx-STF, xx-LTF (e.g., xx is HT, VHT, HE, EHT, etc.)) may be included between the L-SIG field and the Data field. More specific details will be discussed later, referring to Figure 7.

[0076] STF is a signal used for signal detection, AGC (Automatic Gain Control), diversity selection, and precise time synchronization, while LTF is a signal used for channel estimation and frequency error estimation. In essence, STF and LTF are signals for synchronizing the OFDM physical layer and for channel estimation.

[0077] The SIG field may contain various information related to PPDU transmission and reception. For example, the L-SIG field consists of 24 bits and may include a 4-bit Rate field, a 1-bit Reserved bit, a 12-bit Length field, a 1-bit Parity field, and a 6-bit Tail field. The RATE field may contain information about the data modulation and coding rate. For example, the 12-bit Length field may contain information about the length or time duration of the PPDU. For example, the value of the 12-bit Length field may be determined based on the type of PPDU. For example, for non-HT, HT, VHT, or EHT PPDUs, the value of the Length field may be determined to be a multiple of 3. For example, for HE PPDUs, the value of the Length field may be determined to be a multiple of 3 + 1 or a multiple of 3 + 2.

[0078] The data field may include a SERVICE field, a PSDU (Physical Layer Service Data Unit), and PPDU TAIL bits, and may also include padding bits if necessary. Some bits of the SERVICE field may be used for synchronizing the descramble at the receiving end. The PSDU corresponds to the MAC PDU defined in the MAC layer and may contain data generated / used in higher layers. The PPDU TAIL bits may be used to return the encoder to a 0 state. Padding bits may be used to adjust the length of the data field to a predetermined unit.

[0079] MAC PDUs are defined by various MAC frame formats, and a basic MAC frame consists of a MAC header, frame body, and FCS (Frame Check Sequence). MAC frames are composed of MAC PDUs and may be transmitted / received by a PSDU, which is the data portion of the PPDU format.

[0080] The MAC header includes fields such as Frame Control, Duration / ID, and Address. The Frame Control field may contain control information necessary for transmitting / receiving frames. The Duration / ID field may be set to the time required to transmit the frame. The Address subfield can indicate the frame's receiver address, transmitter address, destination address, and source address, and some Address subfields may be omitted. Sequence Control, QoS Control, and HT Control subfields are also included, and the specific contents of each subfield of the MAC header can be found in the IEEE 802.11 standard document.

[0081] The null data PPDU (NDP) format refers to a form of PPDU format that does not include data fields. In other words, NDP is a frame format that includes the PPDU preamble (i.e., L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG fields, and if present, also non-legacy SIG, non-legacy STF, and non-legacy LTF fields) in a general PPDU format, but does not include the rest (i.e., data fields).

[0082] Figure 7 shows an example of a PPDU as defined in the IEEE 802.11 standard to which this disclosure applies.

[0083] Standards such as IEEE 802.11a / g / n / ac / ax use various forms of PPDU. The basic PPDU format (IEEE 802.11a / g) includes L-LTF, L-STF, L-SIG, and Data fields. The basic PPDU format can also be referred to as the non-HT PPDU format (Figure 7(a)).

[0084] The HT PPDU format (IEEE 802.11n) further includes the HT-SIG, HT-STF, and HT-LFT(s) fields in addition to the basic PPDU format. The HT PPDU format shown in Figure 7(b) can be referred to as the HT-mixed format. The HT-greenfield format PPDU may be further defined, which does not include L-STF, L-LTF, and L-SIG, and consists of the HT-GF-STF, HT-LTF1, HT-SIG, one or more HT-LTF, and Data fields (not shown).

[0085] An example of the VHT PPDU format (IEEE 802.11ac) further includes the VHT SIG-A, VHT-STF, VHT-LTF, and VHT-SIG-B fields in addition to the basic PPDU format (Figure 7(c)).

[0086] An example of the HE PPDU format (IEEE 802.11ax) further includes the RL-SIG (Repeated L-SIG), HE-SIG-A, HE-SIG-B, HE-STF, HE-LTF(s), and PE (Packet Extension) fields in addition to the basic PPDU format (Figure 7(d)). Depending on the specific example of the HE PPDU format, some fields may be omitted or their lengths may change. For example, the HE-SIG-B field is included in the HE PPDU format for multiple users (MU), but not in the HE PPDU format for single users (SU). Also, the HE trigger-based (TB) PPDU format does not include HE-SIG-B, and the length of the HE-STF field may be changed to 8us. The HE ER (Extended Range) SU PPDU format does not include the HE-SIG-B field, and the length of the HE-SIG-A field may be changed to 16us. For example, RL-SIG may be configured identically to L-SIG. Based on the presence of RL-SIG, the receiving STA can determine that the received PPDU is either an HE PPDU or an EHT PPDU, as described later.

[0087] The EHT PPDU format may include the EHT MU (multi-user) format shown in Figure 7(e) and the EHT TB (trigger-based) PPDU format shown in Figure 7(f). The EHT PPDU format is similar to the HE PPDU format in that it includes an RL-SIG following the L-SIG, but it may also include a U (universal)-SIG, EHT-SIG, EHT-STF, and EHT-LTF following the RL-SIG.

[0088] The EHT MU PPDU in Figure 7(e) corresponds to a carry PPDU that carries one or more data (or PSDUs) for one or more users. In other words, the EHT MU PPDU may be used for either SU transmission or MU transmission. For example, the EHT MU PPDU may correspond to a PPDU for one receiving STA or multiple receiving STAs.

[0089] The EHT TB PPDU in Figure 7(f) omits the EHT-SIG compared to the EHT MU PPDU. An STA that receives a trigger for UL MU transmission (e.g., a trigger frame or TRS (triggered response scheduling)) can perform UL transmission based on the EHT TB PPDU format.

[0090] The L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG (Universal SIGNAL), and EHT-SIG fields may be encoded and modulated so that they can be attempted to be demodulated and decoded even by legacy STAs, and may be mapped based on a defined subcarrier frequency interval (e.g., 312.5 kHz). These may be referred to as pre-EHT modulated fields. Next, the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, Data, and PE fields may be encoded and modulated so that they can be demodulated and decoded by STAs that have successfully decoded non-legacy SIGs (e.g., U-SIG and / or EHT-SIG) and obtained the information contained in those fields, and may be mapped based on a defined subcarrier frequency interval (e.g., 78.125 kHz). These may be referred to as EHT modulated fields.

[0091] Similarly, in the HE PPDU format, the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, HE-SIG-A, and HE-SIG-B fields can be referred to as pre-HE modulated fields, while the HE-STF, HE-LTF, Data, and PE fields can be referred to as HE modulated fields. Furthermore, in the VHT PPDU format, the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, and VHT-SIG-A fields can be referred to as pre-VHT modulated fields, while the VHT STF, VHT-LTF, VHT-SIG-B, and Data fields can be referred to as VHT modulated fields.

[0092] The U-SIG included in the EHT PPDU format in Figure 7 may be composed of, for example, two symbols (e.g., two consecutive OFDM symbols). Each symbol for the U-SIG (e.g., an OFDM symbol) may have a duration of 4us, and the U-SIG may have a total duration of 8us. Each symbol of the U-SIG may be used to transmit 26 bits of information. For example, each symbol of the U-SIG may be transmitted and received based on 52 data tones and 4 pilot tones.

[0093] U-SIGs may be configured in 20MHz units. For example, when an 80MHz PPDU is configured, identical U-SIGs may be duplicated in 20MHz units. That is, an 80MHz PPDU may contain four identical U-SIGs. When the bandwidth exceeds 80MHz, for example, for a 160MHz PPDU, the first 80MHz U-SIG and the second 80MHz U-SIG may be different from each other.

[0094] In a U-SIG, for example, A uncoded bits may be transmitted, and the first U-SIG symbol (e.g., U-SIG-1 symbol) may transmit the first X bits of the total A bits, while the second U-SIG symbol (e.g., U-SIG-2 symbol) may transmit the remaining Y bits of the total A bits. The A bits (e.g., 52 uncoded bits) may include a CRC field (e.g., a 4-bit field) and a tail field (e.g., a 6-bit field). The tail field may be used to terminate the trellis of the convolution decoder and may be set to 0, for example.

[0095] The A bit information transmitted by U-SIG can be distinguished into version-independent bits and version-dependent bits. For example, a new PPDU format not shown in Figure 7 (e.g., UHR PPDU format) may include U-SIG, and the format of the U-SIG field in the EHT PPDU format and the format of the U-SIG field in the UHR PPDU format may be the same, while the version-independent bits may differ in some or all respects.

[0096] For example, the size of the version-independent bits of a U-SIG may be fixed or variable. The version-independent bits may be assigned only to U-SIG-1 symbols, or to both U-SIG-1 and U-SIG-2 symbols. Version-independent and version-dependent bits may be referred to by various names, such as the first control bit and the second control bit.

[0097] For example, the version-independent bits of the U-SIG may include a 3-bit physical layer version identifier (PHY version identifier), which can indicate the PHY version of the transmitted and received PPDUs (e.g., EHT, UHR, etc.). The version-independent bits of the U-SIG may include a 1-bit UL / DL flag field. The first value of the 1-bit UL / DL flag field relates to UL communication, and the second value relates to DL communication. The version-independent bits of the U-SIG may also include information about the length of the TXOP (transmission opportunity) and information about the BSS color ID.

[0098] For example, the version-dependent bits of the U-SIG may include information that directly or indirectly indicates the type of PPDU (e.g., SU PPDU, MU PPDU, TB PPDU, etc.).

[0099] The U-SIG may include information necessary for transmitting and receiving PPDUs. For example, the U-SIG may further include information about bandwidth, information about the MCS technique applied to non-legacy SIGs (e.g., EHT-SIG or UHR-SIG), information indicating whether a dual carrier modulation (DCM) technique (e.g., a technique for reusing the same signal on two subcarriers to achieve an effect similar to frequency diversity) is applied to the non-legacy SIG, information about the number of symbols used for the non-legacy SIG, and information about whether the non-legacy SIG is generated across the entire bandwidth.

[0100] Some of the information necessary for sending and receiving PPDUs may be included in the U-SIG and / or non-legacy SIGs (e.g., EHT-SIG or UHR-SIG). For example, information regarding the type of non-legacy LTF / STF (e.g., EHT-LTF / EHT-STF or UHR-LTF / UHR-STF), information regarding the length and cyclic prefix (CP) length of non-legacy LTFs, information regarding the guard interval (GI) applicable to non-legacy LTFs, information regarding preamble puncturing applicable to PPDUs, and information regarding resource unit (RU) allocation may be included only in the U-SIG, only in the non-legacy SIG, or indicated by a combination of information included in the U-SIG and information included in the non-legacy SIG.

[0101] Preamble puncturing can mean the transmission of a PPDU in which one or more frequency units within the PPDU's bandwidth are not present. For example, the size of the frequency units (or the resolution of preamble puncturing) may be defined as 20 MHz, 40 MHz, etc. For example, preamble puncturing may be applied to PPDU bandwidths of a certain size or larger.

[0102] In the example shown in Figure 7, non-legacy SIGs such as HE-SIG-B and EHT-SIG may contain control information for the receiving STA. Non-legacy SIGs may be transmitted with at least one symbol, which may have a length of 4us. Information regarding the number of symbols used for the EHT-SIG may be included in a previous SIG (e.g., HE-SIG-A, U-SIG, etc.).

[0103] Non-legacy SIGs such as HE-SIG-B and EHT-SIG may include common fields and user-specific fields. Common fields and user-specific fields may be coded separately.

[0104] In some cases, the common field may be omitted. For example, in a compressed mode where non-OFDMA (orthogonal frequency multiple access) is applied, the common field may be omitted, and multiple STAs can receive PPDUs (e.g., the data fields of the PPDU) in the same frequency band. In an uncompressed mode where OFDMA is applied, multiple users can receive PPDUs (e.g., the data fields of the PPDU) in separate frequency bands.

[0105] The number of user-specific fields may be determined based on the number of users. A single user block field may contain a maximum of two user fields. Each user field may be associated with either MU-MIMO or non-MU-MIMO assignments.

[0106] The common field may include a CRC bit and a Tail bit, the length of the CRC bit may be determined to be 4 bits, and the length of the Tail bit may be determined to be 6 bits and set to 000000. The common field may include RU allocation information. The RU allocation information may include information about the location of RUs to which multiple users (i.e., multiple receiving STAs) are assigned.

[0107] A RU may contain multiple subcarriers (or tones). RUs may be used when transmitting signals to multiple STAs based on the OFDMA method. Alternatively, a RU may be defined when transmitting a signal to a single STA. Resources may be allocated on a RU basis for non-legacy STFs, non-legacy LTFs, and Data fields.

[0108] The applicable size of RUs may be defined by the PPDU bandwidth. RUs may be defined to be identical or different for the applicable PPDU format (e.g., HE PPDU, EHT PPDU, UHR PPDU, etc.). For example, for an 80MHz PPDU, the RU arrangement for HE PPDU and EHT PPDU may differ from each other. The applicable RU size, number of RUs, RU locations, DC (direct current) subcarrier locations and number, null subcarrier locations and number, guard subcarrier locations and number, etc., for each PPDU bandwidth can be called a tone plan. For example, a tone plan for a wide bandwidth may be defined as multiple iterations of a low-bandwidth tone plan.

[0109] RUs of various sizes may be defined as 26-tone RUs, 52-tone RUs, 106-tone RUs, 242-tone RUs, 484-tone RUs, 996-tone RUs, 2×996-tone RUs, 4×996-tone RUs, etc. An MRU (multiple RU) is distinct from multiple individual RUs and corresponds to a group of subcarriers composed of multiple RUs. For example, one MRU may be defined as 52+26 tones, 106+26 tones, 484+242 tones, 996+484 tones, 996+484+242 tones, 2×996+484 tones, 3×996 tones, or 3×996+484 tones. Furthermore, the multiple RUs that make up a single MRU may or may not be consecutive in the frequency domain.

[0110] The specific size of a RU may be reduced or expanded. Therefore, the specific size of each RU (i.e., the number of corresponding tones) in this disclosure is illustrative and not restrictive. Also, in this disclosure, the number of RUs within a given bandwidth (e.g., 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 MHz, ...) may vary depending on the size of the RU.

[0111] In the PPDU format shown in Figure 7, the names of the fields are illustrative and do not limit the scope of this disclosure. Furthermore, the examples in this disclosure may apply not only to the PPDU format illustrated in Figure 7, but also to new PPDU formats that are based on the PPDU format in Figure 7 but with some fields excluded and / or some fields added.

[0112] Resource Unit

[0113] Figures 8 to 10 illustrate examples of resource units in a wireless LAN system to which this disclosure can be applied.

[0114] Referring to Figures 8 to 10, a resource unit (RU) defined in a wireless LAN system will be explained. An RU may contain multiple subcarriers (or tones). An RU may be used when transmitting a signal to multiple STAs based on the OFDMA method. An RU may also be defined when transmitting a signal to a single STA. An RU may be used for the STF, LTF, data field, etc., of a PPDU.

[0115] As shown in Figures 8 to 10, RUs corresponding to different numbers of tones (i.e., subcarriers) can be used to constitute some fields of a 20MHz, 40MHz, or 80MHz X-PPDU (where X is HE, EHT, etc.). For example, resources may be allocated in units of RUs shown for the X-STF, X-LTF, and Data fields.

[0116] Figure 8 shows an example of resource unit (RU) configuration used in the 20 MHz bandwidth.

[0117] As shown at the top of Figure 8, 26 units (i.e., units corresponding to 26 tones) may be allocated. Six tones may be used as a guard band in the leftmost band of the 20MHz band, and five tones may be used as a guard band in the rightmost band of the 20MHz band. In addition, seven DC tones may be inserted in the center band, i.e., the DC band, and there may be 26 units corresponding to 13 tones on each side of the DC band. Furthermore, 26, 52, or 106 units may be allocated to the other bands. Each unit may be allocated for the STA or the user.

[0118] The RU configuration in Figure 8 can be used not only for situations involving multiple users (MU) but also for situations involving a single user (SU), in which case it is possible to use one 242 unit as shown at the bottom of Figure 8. In this case, three DC tones may be inserted.

[0119] In the example shown in Figure 8, various sizes of RUs are illustrated, such as 26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, and 242-RU, but the specific sizes of such RUs may be reduced or expanded. Therefore, the specific size of each RU (i.e., the number of corresponding tones) is not limited in this disclosure and is illustrative. Also, in this disclosure, the number of RUs within a given bandwidth (e.g., 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 MHz, ...) may differ depending on the size of the RU. The same applies to the example in Figure 8 as to the example in Figure 9 and / or Figure 10 described below, in which the size and / or number of RUs may be changed.

[0120] Figure 9 shows an example arrangement of resource units (RUs) used in the 40 MHz bandwidth.

[0121] Just as various sizes of RU were used in the example in Figure 8, 26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, 242-RU, 484-RU, etc., may be used in the example in Figure 9. In addition, five DC tones may be inserted at the center frequency, twelve tones may be used as a guard band in the leftmost band of the 40MHz bandwidth, and eleven tones may be used as a guard band in the rightmost band of the 40MHz bandwidth.

[0122] Furthermore, as shown in the figure, 484-RU may be used when it is used for a single user.

[0123] Figure 10 shows an example arrangement of resource units (RUs) used in the 80 MHz bandwidth.

[0124] Just as various sizes of RUs were used in the examples in Figures 8 and 9, 26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, 242-RU, 484-RU, 996-RU, etc., may be used in the example in Figure 10. Furthermore, in the 80MHz PPDU, the RU arrangement of the HE PPDU and EHT PPDU may differ from each other, and the example in Figure 10 shows an example of the RU arrangement for the 80MHz EHT PPDU. In the example in Figure 10, the leftmost band of the 80MHz bandwidth uses 12 tones as a guard band, and the rightmost band of the 80MHz bandwidth uses 11 tones as a guard band, which is the same for both the HE PPDU and the EHT PPDU. Unlike the HE PPDU, where seven DC tones are inserted into the DC band and there is one 26-RU on each side of the DC band corresponding to 13 tones, the EHT PPDU has 23 DC tones inserted into the DC band and one 26-RU on both the left and right sides of the DC band. Unlike the HE PPDU, where there is one null subcarrier between 242-RUs that are not in the center band, the EHT PPDU has five null subcarriers. In the HE PPDU, one 484-RU does not contain null subcarriers, but in the EHT PPDU, one 484-RU contains five null subcarriers.

[0125] Furthermore, as shown in the same figure, the 996-RU may be used when used for a single user, and in this case, the insertion of five DC tones is common to both the HE PPDU and the EHT PPDU.

[0126] An EHT PPDU of 160MHz or higher may be configured with multiple 80MHz subblocks as shown in Figure 10. The RU configuration for each 80MHz subblock may be the same as the RU configuration for the 80MHz EHT PPDU in Figure 10. When the 80MHz subblock of a 160MHz or 320MHz EHT PPDU is not punctured and the entire 80MHz subblock is used as part of an RU or MRU (Multiple RU), the 80MHz subblock may use RU 996-996 as shown in Figure 10.

[0127] Here, an MRU corresponds to a group of subcarriers (or tones) composed of multiple RUs, and the multiple RUs constituting an MRU may be of the same size or of different sizes. For example, a single MRU may be defined as 52+26 tones, 106+26 tones, 484+242 tones, 996+484 tones, 996+484+242 tones, 2×996+484 tones, 3×996 tones, or 3×996+484 tones. Here, the multiple RUs constituting a single MRU may correspond to small-sized (e.g., 26, 52, 106) RUs or large-sized (e.g., 242, 484, 996, etc.) RUs. That is, a single MRU containing both small-sized and large-sized RUs may not be set / defined. Also, the multiple RUs constituting a single MRU may or may not be consecutive in the frequency domain.

[0128] If the 80MHz subblock contains RUs smaller than 996 tones, or if a portion of the 80MHz subblock is punctured, the 80MHz subblock may use a RU arrangement that excludes the 996-tone RU.

[0129] The RUs of this disclosure may be used in uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL) communication. For example, in the case of trigger-based UL-MU communication, an STA (e.g., AP) transmitting a trigger may use trigger information (e.g., a trigger frame or TRS (triggered response scheduling)) to assign a first RU (e.g., 26 / 52 / 106 / 242-RU, etc.) to a first STA and a second RU (e.g., 26 / 52 / 106 / 242-RU, etc.) to a second STA. The first STA can then transmit a first trigger-based (TB) PPDU based on the first RU, and the second STA can transmit a second TB PPDU based on the second RU. The first and second TB PPDUs may be transmitted to the AP in the same time interval.

[0130] For example, when a DL MU PPDU is configured, the STA (e.g., AP) transmitting the DL MU PPDU can assign a first RU (e.g., 26 / 52 / 106 / 242-RU) to the first STA and a second RU (e.g., 26 / 52 / 106 / 242-RU) to the second STA. That is, the transmitting STA (e.g., AP) can transmit the X-STF (e.g., X is HE, EHT, etc.), X-LTF, and Data fields for the first STA through the first RU within a single MU PPDU, and the X-STF, X-LTF, and Data fields for the second STA through the second RU. Information regarding the RU placement may be signaled through the X-SIG (e.g., X is HE, EHT, U) field in the X-PPDU format.

[0131] Distributed resource units

[0132] Regulations in various regions may impose limitations on power spectral density (PSD) in the sub-7GHz (e.g., 6GHz) band. For non-AP STAs in the low-power indoor (LPI) band, the PSD limit may be -1dBm / MHz. For example, for an existing 52-tone RU, the maximum transmit (Tx) power can be approximately 6dBm.

[0133] Furthermore, separate restrictions may be applied to the 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands. For example, in the EU / China / Japan / Korea, a PSD limit of 10dBm / MHz may be applied to the 2.4GHz band. This means that the maximum Tx power for an existing 52-tone RU could be approximately 17dBm. If the PSD limit can be avoided in the 5GHz band, the transmit power can be increased. For example, the maximum transmit power for an existing 52-tone RU is 24dBm, which is still 6dBm lower than the maximum allowable EIRP (effective isotropic radiated power) of 30dBm.

[0134] Overcoming PSD limitations allows for increased transmit power, which can either enhance spectral efficiency or extend the range.

[0135] Considering that the PSD limit is defined per MHz for each STA, distributing the tones of small-sized RUs across a wide bandwidth results in non-contiguous tones for each STA, and therefore each tone can be transmitted at high power. RUs containing such distributed tones are called distributed RUs (DRUs), and to distinguish them, RUs containing continuous tones as defined in existing wireless LAN systems (e.g., systems conforming to IEEE 802.11ax, 11be, etc.) can be called regular RUs (RRUs).

[0136] Compared to existing STAs that transmit RRUs, STAs that transmit DRUs can use higher power. For example, a 52-tone DRU spanning 80 MHz has only one tone per MHz, while a 52-tone RRU has approximately 13 tones per MHz. Assuming a PSD limit of -1 dBm / MHz in the 6 GHz LPI band, using a DRU allows for a transmit power increase of approximately 11 dB compared to a 52-tone RRU. This increased transmit power allows for the application of higher MCSs and supports longer ranges.

[0137] Figure 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a DRU to which this disclosure may apply.

[0138] In the example shown in Figure 11, STA1 transmits on DRU1, STA2 transmits on DRU2, and STA3 transmits on DRU3. Each STA can apply a transmit power boost by using a DRU. Compared to using an RRU of the same size, a DRU allows for higher transmit power to be applied to all tones, which can significantly improve spectral efficiency. Thus, DRUs can be particularly useful in UL-OFDMA.

[0139] DRUs can also be utilized in APs. In some cases, an AP can use only some of DRU1, DRU2, and DRU3 to perform DL-OFDMA transmission to the STA, in which case a transmit power boost due to the use of DRUs may be applied.

[0140] To maximize power boost, tones within a single DRU may be dispersed as far apart as possible. For example, a DRU containing one tone per MHz may be considered an optimal example. The size of a DRU (or the number of available tones contained in one DRU, i.e., the number of remaining tones after excluding unusable tones such as null tones, guard tones, and DC tones) may be defined identically to the size of an RRU (or the number of available tones contained in one RRU). This minimizes the impact on various existing technologies defined based on RRUs. The table below shows examples of achievable power boosts (in dB) for various DRUs distributed across different bandwidths. The examples in the table assume a 6 GHz LPI bandwidth, but power boosts can also be obtained in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bandwidths in other regions. For example, in an 80 MHz UL-OFDMA transmission by 8 users, if each user uses a 106-tone DRU, the overall performance can be improved by approximately 8.13 dB compared to if each user uses a 106-tone RRU. Thus, by utilizing DRUs, PSD limitations can be overcome and considerable gains can be obtained.

[0141] [Table 1]

[0142] Trigger frame

[0143] Figure 12 shows an exemplary format of a trigger frame to which this disclosure may apply.

[0144] A trigger frame can allocate resources for one or more TB PPDU transfers and request TB PPDU transfers. The trigger frame may further include other information requested by the STA that transfers the TB PPDU in response. The trigger frame may include common info and user info list fields in its frame body.

[0145] The common information field may include information that applies in common to one or more TB PPDU transfers requested by a trigger frame, such as the trigger type, UL length, whether or not there are subsequent trigger frames (e.g., More TF), whether or not a CS (channel sensing) request is made, and UL BW (bandwidth). Figure 12 illustrates the common information field format for an EHT variant.

[0146] The 4-bit trigger type subfield may have values ​​from 0 to 15. Of these, values ​​0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 of the trigger type subfield are defined to correspond to basic, BFRP (Beamforming Report Poll), MU-BAR (multi user-block acknowledgement request), MU-RTS (multi user-request to send), BSRP (Buffer Status Report Poll), GCR (groupcast with retries) MU-BAR, BQRP (Bandwidth Query Report Poll), and NFRP (NDP Feedback Report Poll), respectively, while values ​​from 8 to 15 are defined as reserved.

[0147] Among the common information, the trigger-dependent common info subfield may contain information that is selectively included based on the trigger type.

[0148] A special user info field may be included within the trigger frame. The special user info field does not contain user-specific information, but it does contain extended common information not provided in the common information field.

[0149] The user information list contains zero or more user info fields. Figure 12 illustrates the EHT variant user info field format.

[0150] The AID12 subfield essentially indicates that it is a user information field for the STA having that AID. It may also be used for other purposes, such as assigning a Random Access (RA)-RU when the AID12 field has a predetermined specific value, or being configured as a special user info field. A special user info field does not contain user-specific information but is a user information field that includes extended common information not provided in the common information field. For example, a special user info field may be identified by the AID12 value 2007, and a special user info field flag subfield within the common information field may indicate whether or not it contains a special user info field.

[0151] The RU allocation subfield can indicate the size and location of the RU / MRU. For this purpose, the RU allocation subfield may be analyzed together with the PS160 (primary / secondary 160MHz) subfield of the user information field, the UL BW subfield of the common information field, and so on.

[0152] For example, as shown in Table 2 below, the mapping of B7-B1 of the RU assignment subfield may be defined along with the settings of B0 and PS160 subfields of the RU assignment subfield. Table 2 shows an example of encoding for the PS160 subfield and RU assignment subfield of the EHT variant user information field.

[0153] [Table 2]

[0154] JPEG2026508998000004.jpg119109

[0155] JPEG2026508998000005.jpg78107

[0156] Setting B0 in the RU assignment subfield to 0 indicates that the RU / MRU assignment applies to the primary 80MHz channel, while setting it to 1 indicates that the RU assignment applies to the secondary 80MHz channel of the primary 160MHz channel. Setting B0 in the RU assignment subfield to 0 indicates that the RU / MRU assignment applies to the lower 80MHz of the secondary 160MHz channel, while setting it to 1 indicates that the RU assignment applies to the upper 80MHz of the secondary 160MHz channel.

[0157] In the trigger frame RU assignment table in Table 2, the parameter N may be calculated based on the formula N = 2 * X1 + X0. For bandwidths of 80 MHz or less, the PS160, B0, X0, and X1 values ​​may be set to 0. For 160 MHz and 320 MHz bandwidths, the PS160, B0, X0, and X1 values ​​may be set as shown in Table 3. Such settings indicate the absolute frequency order for the primary and secondary 80 MHz and 160 MHz channels. The order from left to right represents the order from lower frequencies to higher frequencies. The primary 80 MHz channel is denoted as P80, the secondary 80 MHz channel as S80, and the secondary 160 MHz channel as S160.

[0158] [Table 3]

[0159] DRU tone plan-based transmission and reception

[0160] As mentioned above, in order to overcome the PSD limitation and improve power gain, a DRU using dispersed tone / subcarrier may be applied instead of an RRU using continuous tone / subcarrier.

[0161] This disclosure describes definitions for DRU tone plans of various sizes and transmission / reception schemes based thereon for DRU-based transmission / reception using PPDU in bandwidths including 80 MHz channels.

[0162] Tone plans for an 80 MHz bandwidth may include examples supporting various sizes of existing RRUs (e.g., Figure 10) and examples for various sizes of DRUs relating to this disclosure. In tone plans for DRU applications, the number of tones / subcarriers contained in each DRU (i.e., DRU size) is the same as the number of tones / subcarriers contained in the corresponding RRU (i.e., RRU size), but the positions of each tone / subcarrier in the frequency domain may be defined to be different from each other. For example, tone plans supporting 26-tone DRUs, 52-tone DRUs, 106-tone DRUs, 242-tone DRUs, and 484-tone DRUs may be defined for an 80 MHz bandwidth, but 996-tone DRUs are not included in the examples of this disclosure because they cannot support tone / subcarrier dispersion.

[0163] In the examples of this disclosure, it is assumed that the number and location of DC subcarriers, null subcarriers, and guard subcarriers in the DRU tone plan for an 80 MHz bandwidth are the same as in the RRU tone plan for an 80 MHz bandwidth. That is, of the 1024 subcarriers in the 80 MHz bandwidth, the DC subcarriers may be the 23 subcarriers in the middle of the 80 MHz bandwidth, and the guard subcarriers may be the 12 subcarriers on the far left and the 11 subcarriers on the far right of the 80 MHz bandwidth. Null subcarriers number 42 for 26-tone DRU and 52-tone (subcarrier indices -500, -447, -446, -393, -366, -313, -312, -259, -258, -257, -256, -255, -254, -253, -200, -199, -146, -119, -66, -65, -12, 12, 65, 66, 119, 146, 1 There are 26 subcarrier indices for 106 tone DRUs (subcarrier indices -500, -393, -366, -259, -258, -257, -256, -255, -254, -253, -146, -119, -12, 12, 1) corresponding to 99, 200, 253, 254, 255, -257, -258, -257, -256, -255, -254, -253, -146, -119, -12, 12, 1 This corresponds to 19, 146, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 366, 393, and 500), and for 242-tone DRUs and 484-tone DRUs, it may correspond to 10 (subcarrier indices -258, -257, -256, -255, -254, 254, 255, 256, 257, and 258) (i.e., 16 of the 42 null subcarrier positions considered in 26-tone DRUs and 52-tone DRUs are used as available subcarriers in 106-tone DRUs, and 16 of the 26 null subcarrier positions considered in 106-tone DRUs are used as available subcarriers in 242-tone DRUs and 484-tone DRUs). In the following explanation, the remaining subcarriers within the bandwidth, excluding the DC subcarrier, null subcarrier, and guard subcarrier, can be referred to as available subcarriers.

[0164] In the embodiments described later, the DRU index (i.e., DRU-n) or the nth DRU may correspond to a position in the frequency domain, or it may be given independently of its position in the frequency domain. In the embodiments described later, for the sake of clarity of explanation, a relatively low DRU index will be described as including a relatively low tone / subcarrier, but the scope of this disclosure is not limited thereto, and the DRU index may be given in various ways to distinguish different DRUs from each other.

[0165] Furthermore, in the following explanation, the subcarrier index is assumed to correspond to the position in the frequency domain, assuming that the index of the DC subcarrier is 0, and the term subcarrier may be replaced with tone.

[0166] Furthermore, in the following explanation, the expression a:b:c for a subcarrier index means every b subcarrier indices from a to c. Also, in the following explanation, +-{a:b:c} means {-a:b:-c,a:b:c}. Also, in the following explanation, +-{a,b,c} means {-a,-b,-c,a,b,c}.

[0167] Example 1

[0168] In this embodiment, various examples of subcarrier indices constituting a 26-tone DRU are described.

[0169] Example 1-1

[0170] This embodiment relates to a method of assigning one subcarrier to each of the 36 26-tone DRUs sequentially from the lowest available subcarrier to the highest available subcarrier. For example, each of the 36 26-tone DRUs may contain the following subcarriers:

[0171] 26-tone DRU-1: -499, -463, -425, -388, -351, -315, -277, -234, -196, -160, -123, -86, -48, 13, 49, 87, 124, 161, 197, 235, 278, 316, 352, 389, 426, 464

[0172] 26-tone DRU-2: -498, -462, -424, -387, -350, -314, -276, -233, -195, -159, -122, -85, -47, 14, 50, 88, 125, 162, 198, 236, 279, 317, 353, 390, 427, 465

[0173] 26-tone DRU-3: -497, -461, -423, -386, -349, -311, -275, -232, -194, -158, -121, -84, -46, 15, 51, 89, 126, 163, 201, 237, 280, 318, 354, 391, 428, 466

[0174] 26-tone DRU-4: -496, -460, -422, -385, -348, -310, -274, -231, -193, -157, -120, -83, -45, 16, 52, 90, 127, 164, 202, 238, 281, 319, 355, 392, 429, 467

[0175] 26-tone DRU-5: -495, -459, -421, -384, -347, -309, -273, -230, -192, -156, -118, -82, -44, 17, 53, 91, 128, 165, 203, 239, 282, 320, 356, 394, 430, 468

[0176] 26-tone DRU-6: -494, -458, -420, -383, -346, -308, -272, -229, -191, -155, -117, -81, -43, 18, 54, 92, 129, 166, 204, 240, 283, 321, 357, 395, 431, 469

[0177] 26-tone DRU-7: -493, -457, -419, -382, -345, -307, -271, -228, -190, -154, -116, -80, -42, 19, 55, 93, 130, 167, 205, 241, 284, 322, 358, 396, 432, 470

[0178] 26-tone DRU-8: -492, -456, -418, -381, -344, -306, -270, -227, -189, -153, -115, -79, -41, 20, 56, 94, 131, 168, 206, 242, 285, 323, 359, 397, 433, 471

[0179] 26-tone DRU-9: -491, -455, -417, -380, -343, -305, -269, -226, -188, -152, -114, -78, -40, 21, 57, 95, 132, 169, 207, 243, 286, 324, 360, 398, 434, 472

[0180] 26-tone DRU-10: -490, -454, -416, -379, -342, -304, -268, -225, -187, -151, -113, -77, -39, 22, 58, 96, 133, 170, 208, 244, 287, 325, 361, 399, 435, 473

[0181] 26-tone DRU-11: -489, -453, -415, -378, -341, -303, -267, -224, -186, -150, -112, -76, -38, 23, 59, 97, 134, 171, 209, 245, 288, 326, 362, 400, 436, 474

[0182] 26-tone DRU-12: -488, -452, -414, -377, -340, -302, -266, -223, -185, -149, -111, -75, -37, 24, 60, 98, 135, 172, 210, 246, 289, 327, 363, 401, 437, 475

[0183] 26-tone DRU-13: -487, -451, -413, -376, -339, -301, -265, -222, -184, -148, -110, -74, -36, 25, 61, 99, 136, 173, 211, 247, 290, 328, 364, 402, 438, 476

[0184] 26-tone DRU-14: -486, -450, -412, -375, -338, -300, -264, -221, -183, -147, -109, -73, -35, 26, 62, 100, 137, 174, 212, 248, 291, 329, 365, 403, 439, 477

[0185] 26-tone DRU-15: -485, -449, -411, -374, -337, -299, -263, -220, -182, -145, -108, -72, -34, 27, 63, 101, 138, 175, 213, 249, 292, 330, 367, 404, 440, 478

[0186] 26-tone DRU-16: -484, -448, -410, -373, -336, -298, -262, -219, -181, -144, -107, -71, -33, 28, 64, 102, 139, 176, 214, 250, 293, 331, 368, 405, 441, 479

[0187] 26-tone DRU-17: -483, -445, -409, -372, -335, -297, -261, -218, -180, -143, -106, -70, -32, 29, 67, 103, 140, 177, 215, 251, 294, 332, 369, 406, 442, 480

[0188] 26-tone DRU-18: -482, -444, -408, -371, -334, -296, -260, -217, -179, -142, -105, -69, -31, 30, 68, 104, 141, 178, 216, 252, 295, 333, 370, 407, 443, 481

[0189] 26-tone DRU-19: -481, -443, -407, -370, -333, -295, -252, -216, -178, -141, -104, -68, -30, 31, 69, 105, 142, 179, 217, 260, 296, 334, 371, 408, 444, 482

[0190] 26-tone DRU-20: -480, -442, -406, -369, -332, -294, -251, -215, -177, -140, -103, -67, -29, 32, 70, 106, 143, 180, 218, 261, 297, 335, 372, 409, 445, 483

[0191] 26-tone DRU-21: -479, -441, -405, -368, -331, -293, -250, -214, -176, -139, -102, -64, -28, 33, 71, 107, 144, 181, 219, 262, 298, 336, 373, 410, 448, 484

[0192] 26-tone DRU-22: -478, -440, -404, -367, -330, -292, -249, -213, -175, -138, -101, -63, -27, 34, 72, 108, 145, 182, 220, 263, 299, 337, 374, 411, 449, 485

[0193] 26-tone DRU-23: -477, -439, -403, -365, -329, -291, -248, -212, -174, -137, -100, -62, -26, 35, 73, 109, 147, 183, 221, 264, 300, 338, 375, 412, 450, 486

[0194] 26-tone DRU-24: -476, -438, -402, -364, -328, -290, -247, -211, -173, -136, -99, -61, -25, 36, 74, 110, 148, 184, 222, 265, 301, 339, 376, 413, 451, 487

[0195] 26-tone DRU-25: -475, -437, -401, -363, -327, -289, -246, -210, -172, -135, -98, -60, -24, -37, 75, 111, 149, 185, 223, 266, 302, 340, 377, 414, 452, 488

[0196] 26-tone DRU-26: -474, -436, -400, -362, -326, -288, -245, -209, -171, -134, -97, -59, -23, 38, 76, 112, 150, 186, 224, 267, 303, 341, 378, 415, 453, 489

[0197] 26-tone DRU-27: -473, -435, -399, -361, -325, -287, -244, -208, -170, -133, -96, -58, -22, 39, 77, 113, 151, 187, 225, 268, 304, 342, 379, 416, 454, 490

[0198] 26-tone DRU-28: -472, -434, -398, -360, -324, -286, -243, -207, -169, -132, -95, -57, -21, 40, 78, 114, 152, 188, 226, 269, 305, 343, 380, 417, 455, 491

[0199] 26-tone DRU-29: -471, -433, -397, -359, -323, -285, -242, -206, -168, -131, -94, -56, -20, 41, 79, 115, 153, 189, 227, 270, 306, 344, 381, 418, 456, 492

[0200] 26-tone DRU-30: -470, -432, -396, -358, -322, -284, -241, -205, -167, -130, -93, -55, -19, 42, 80, 116, 154, 190, 228, 271, 307, 345, 382, ​​419, 457, 493

[0201] 26-tone DRU-31: -469, -431, -395, -357, -321, -283, -240, -204, -166, -129, -92, -54, -18, 43, 81, 117, 155, 191, 229, 272, 308, 346, 383, 420, 458, 494

[0202] 26-tone DRU-32: -468, -430, -394, -356, -320, -282, -239, -203, -165, -128, -91, -53, -17, 44, 82, 118, 156, 192, 230, 273, 309, 347, 384, 421, 459, 495

[0203] 26-tone DRU-33: -467, -429, -392, -355, -319, -281, -238, -202, -164, -127, -90, -52, -16, 45, 83, 120, 157, 193, 231, 274, 310, 348, 385, 422, 460, 496

[0204] 26-tone DRU-34: -466, -428, -391, -354, -318, -280, -237, -201, -163, -126, -89, -51, -15, 46, 84, 121, 158, 194, 232, 275, 311, 349, 386, 423, 461, 497

[0205] 26-tone DRU-35: -465, -427, -390, -353, -317, -279, -236, -198, -162, -125, -88, -50, -14, 47, 85, 122, 159, 195, 233, 276, 314, 350, 387, 424, 462, 498

[0206] 26-tone DRU-36: -464, -426, -389, -352, -316, -278, -235, -197, -161, -124, -87, -49, -13, 48, 86, 123, 160, 196, 234, 277, 315, 351, 388, 425, 463, 499

[0207] Examples 1-2

[0208] This embodiment relates to a method of assigning one subcarrier in order from the lowest available subcarrier to the highest available subcarrier below the DC subcarrier (i.e., subcarriers with negative indices) to each of the 36 26-tone DRUs, and then assigning subcarriers that are mirror-symmetric with respect to the assigned subcarriers and the DC subcarriers (i.e., subcarriers with positive indices) to the 26-tone DRUs that contain the assigned subcarriers. For example, each of the 36 26-tone DRUs may contain the following subcarriers.

[0209] 26-tone DRU-1: +-{48, 86, 123, 160, 196, 234, 277, 315, 351, 388, 425, 463, 499}

[0210] 26-tone DRU-2: ±{47, 85, 122, 159, 195, 233, 276, 314, 350, 387, 424, 462, 498}

[0211] 26-tone DRU-3: +-{46, 84, 121, 158, 194, 232, 275, 311, 349, 386, 423, 461, 497}

[0212] 26-tone DRU-4: ±{45, 83, 120, 157, 193, 231, 274, 310, 348, 385, 422, 460, 496}

[0213] 26-tone DRU-5: +-{44, 82, 118, 156, 192, 230, 273, 309, 347, 384, 421, 459, 495}

[0214] 26-tone DRU-6: +-{43, 81, 117, 155, 191, 229, 272, 308, 346, 383, 420, 458, 494}

[0215] 26-tone DRU-7: +-{42, 80, 116, 154, 190, 228, 271, 307, 345, 382, ​​419, 457, 493}

[0216] 26-tone DRU-8: ±{41, 79, 115, 153, 189, 227, 270, 306, 344, 381, 418, 456, 492}

[0217] 26-tone DRU-9: ±{40, 78, 114, 152, 188, 226, 269, 305, 343, 380, 417, 455, 491}

[0218] 26-tone DRU-10: +-{39, 77, 113, 151, 187, 225, 268, 304, 342, 379, 416, 454, 490}

[0219] 26-tone DRU-11: +-{38, 76, 112, 150, 186, 224, 267, 303, 341, 378, 415, 453, 489}

[0220] 26-tone DRU-12: +-{37, 75, 111, 149, 185, 223, 266, 302, 340, 377, 414, 452, 488}

[0221] 26-tone DRU-13: +-{36, 74, 110, 148, 184, 222, 265, 301, 339, 376, 413, 451, 487}

[0222] 26-tone DRU-14: +-{35, 73, 109, 147, 183, 221, 264, 300, 338, 375, 412, 450, 486}

[0223] 26-tone DRU-15: +-{34, 72, 108, 145, 182, 220, 263, 299, 337, 374, 411, 449, 485}

[0224] 26-tone DRU-16: +-{33, 71, 107, 144, 181, 219, 262, 298, 336, 373, 410, 448, 484}

[0225] 26-tone DRU-17: +-{32, 70, 106, 143, 180, 218, 261, 297, 335, 372, 409, 445, 483}

[0226] 26-tone DRU-18: +-{31, 69, 105, 142, 179, 217, 260, 296, 334, 371, 408, 444, 482}

[0227] 26-tone DRU-19: +-{30, 68, 104, 141, 178, 216, 252, 295, 333, 370, 407, 443, 481}

[0228] 26-tone DRU-20: +-{29, 67, 103, 140, 177, 215, 251, 294, 332, 369, 406, 442, 480}

[0229] 26-tone DRU-21: +-{28, 64, 102, 139, 176, 214, 250, 293, 331, 368, 405, 441, 479}

[0230] 26-tone DRU-22: +-{27, 63, 101, 138, 175, 213, 249, 292, 330, 367, 404, 440, 478}

[0231] 26-tone DRU-23: +-{26, 62, 100, 137, 174, 212, 248, 291, 329, 365, 403, 439, 477}

[0232] 26-tone DRU-24: +-{25, 61, 99, 136, 173, 211, 247, 290, 328, 364, 402, 438, 476}

[0233] 26-tone DRU-25: +-{24, 60, 98, 135, 172, 210, 246, 289, 327, 363, 401, 437, 475}

[0234] 26-tone DRU-26: +-{23, 59, 97, 134, 171, 209, 245, 288, 326, 362, 400, 436, 474}

[0235] 26-tone DRU-27: +-{22, 58, 96, 133, 170, 208, 244, 287, 325, 361, 399, 435, 473}

[0236] 26-tone DRU-28: +-{21, 57, 95, 132, 169, 207, 243, 286, 324, 360, 398, 434, 472}

[0237] 26-tone DRU-29: +-{20, 56, 94, 131, 168, 206, 242, 285, 323, 359, 397, 433, 471}

[0238] 26-tone DRU-30: +-{19, 55, 93, 130, 167, 205, 241, 284, 322, 358, 396, 432, 470}

[0239] 26-tone DRU-31: +-{18, 54, 92, 129, 166, 204, 240, 283, 321, 357, 395, 431, 469}

[0240] 26-tone DRU-32: +-{17, 53, 91, 128, 165, 203, 239, 282, 320, 356, 394, 430, 468}

[0241] 26-tone DRU-33: +-{16, 52, 90, 127, 164, 202, 238, 281, 319, 355, 392, 429, 467}

[0242] 26-tone DRU-34: +-{15, 51, 89, 126, 163, 201, 237, 280, 318, 354, 391, 428, 466}

[0243] 26-tone DRU-35: +-{14, 50, 88, 125, 162, 198, 236, 279, 317, 353, 390, 427, 465}

[0244] 26-tone DRU-36: +-{13, 49, 87, 124, 161, 197, 235, 278, 316, 352, 389, 426, 464}

[0245] In the examples described above, Example 1-1 maintains a constant spacing between subcarriers within each DRU compared to Example 1-2, making it easier to apply interpolation techniques and thus potentially advantageous in terms of channel estimation performance. Furthermore, Example 1-2 has a more symmetrical subcarrier spacing with respect to DC compared to Example 1-1, which may lead to better performance depending on the application.

[0246] In addition to the subcarrier indices included in the 26-tone DRUs as illustrated in Examples 1-1 and 1-2 above, subcarrier indices may be assigned to the 26-tone DRUs in other ways. For example, while the above examples assume that available subcarriers exclude guard, null, and DC subcarriers, it is also possible to define the subcarrier indices included in each 26-tone DRU by assuming that the available subcarriers include one or more of the guard, null, or DC subcarriers.

[0247] Example 2

[0248] In this embodiment, various examples of subcarrier indices constituting a 52-tone DRU are described.

[0249] For example, 16 52-tone DRUs may be defined within an 80MHz bandwidth, and one 52-tone DRU may correspond to a combination of two 26-tone DRUs. For example, two 26-tone DRUs may correspond to two of the 36 26-tone DRUs defined in the above-described embodiment 1. If 26-tone DRU-5, 26-tone DRU-14, 26-tone DRU-23, and 26-tone DRU-32 are not used as the base for a 52-tone DRU, then a combination of two 26-tone DRUs from the 32 26-tone DRUs may correspond to one 52-tone DRU.

[0250] Two 26-tone DRUs corresponding to one 52-tone DRU may be intended to ensure that subcarriers are uniformly distributed across the 52-tone DRU while being as far apart as possible in the frequency domain. The sixteen 52-tone DRUs may be defined as follows:

[0251] 52-tone DRU-1: 26-tone DRU-1, and 26-tone DRU-19

[0252] 52-tone DRU-2: 26-tone DRU-2, and 26-tone DRU-20

[0253] 52-tone DRU-3, 26-tone DRU-3, and 26-tone DRU-21

[0254] 52-tone DRU-4: 26-tone DRU-4, and 26-tone DRU-22

[0255] 52-tone DRU-5, 26-tone DRU-6, and 26-tone DRU-24

[0256] 52-tone DRU-6, 26-tone DRU-7, and 26-tone DRU-25

[0257] 52-tone DRU-7, 26-tone DRU-8, and 26-tone DRU-26

[0258] 52-tone DRU-8, 26-tone DRU-9, and 26-tone DRU-27

[0259] 52-tone DRU-9, 26-tone DRU-10, and 26-tone DRU-28

[0260] 52-tone DRU-10, 26-tone DRU-11, and 26-tone DRU-29

[0261] 52-tone DRU-11, 26-tone DRU-12, and 26-tone DRU-30

[0262] 52-tone DRU-12, 26-tone DRU-13, and 26-tone DRU-31

[0263] 52-tone DRU-13, 26-tone DRU-15, and 26-tone DRU-33

[0264] 52-tone DRU-14, 26-tone DRU-16, and 26-tone DRU-34

[0265] 52-tone DRU-15, 26-tone DRU-17, and 26-tone DRU-35

[0266] 52-tone DRU-16, 26-tone DRU-18, and 26-tone DRU-36

[0267] Here, each 52-tone DRU may be defined as a set of subcarrier indices corresponding to the 26-tone DRU index defined in Example 1-1 or 1-2.

[0268] Example 3

[0269] In this embodiment, various examples of subcarrier indices constituting a 106-tone DRU are described.

[0270] For example, eight 106-tone DRUs may be defined within an 80MHz bandwidth. The subcarrier indices contained in one 106-tone DRU may correspond to the set of subcarrier indices contained in two 52-tone DRUs and two additional subcarrier indices. Furthermore, each 106-tone DRU may be defined in such a way that the subcarriers contained within it are distributed to the maximum extent possible.

[0271] Example 3-1

[0272] The two additional subcarriers included in the 106-tone DRU may be two of the 16 null subcarriers (e.g., ±{447, 446, 313, 312, 200, 199, 66, 65}) among the 42 null subcarriers not used in the 26-tone and 52-tone DRUs. In other words, some of the null subcarriers in the 26-tone and 52-tone DRUs may be included in the available subcarriers for the 106-tone DRU. Furthermore, the two additional subcarrier indices included in two different 106-tone DRUs do not need to overlap.

[0273] For example, if 26 tone DRUs corresponding to 52 tone DRUs are defined by Example 1-1, then eight 106 tone DRUs may be defined as follows:

[0274] 106-tone DRU-1: 52-tone DRU-1, 52-tone DRU-9, and subcarrier indices {-447, 65}

[0275] 106-tone DRU-2: 52-tone DRU-2, 52-tone DRU-10, and subcarrier indices {-446, 66}

[0276] 106-tone DRU-3: 52-tone DRU-3, 52-tone DRU-11, and subcarrier indices {-313, 199}

[0277] 106 - tone DRU - 4: 52 - tone DRU - 4, 52 - tone DRU - 12, and sub - carrier index {-312, 200}

[0278] 106 - tone DRU - 5: 52 - tone DRU - 5, 52 - tone DRU - 13, and sub - carrier index {-200, 312}

[0279] 106 - tone DRU - 6: 52 - tone DRU - 6, 52 - tone DRU - 14, and sub - carrier index {-199, 313}

[0280] 106 - tone DRU - 7: 52 - tone DRU - 7, 52 - tone DRU - 15, and sub - carrier index {-66, 446}<00009​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​106-tone DRU-5: 52-tone DRU-5, 52-tone DRU-13, and subcarrier indices {-312,200}

[0288] 106-tone DRU-6: 52-tone DRU-6, 52-tone DRU-14, and subcarrier indices {-200, 312}

[0289] 106-tone DRU-7: 52-tone DRU-7, 52-tone DRU-15, and subcarrier indices {-199,313}

[0290] 106-tone DRU-8: 52-tone DRU-8, 52-tone DRU-16, and subcarrier indices {-66,446}

[0291] Alternatively, if 26 tone DRUs corresponding to 52 tone DRUs are defined by Example 1-1, the eight 106 tone DRUs may be defined as follows:

[0292] 106-tone DRU-1: 52-tone DRU-1, 52-tone DRU-9, and subcarrier indices {-66,446}

[0293] 106-tone DRU-2: 52-tone DRU-2, 52-tone DRU-10, and subcarrier indices {-65,447}

[0294] 106-tone DRU-3: 52-tone DRU-3, 52-tone DRU-11, and subcarrier indices {-447, 65}

[0295] 106-tone DRU-4: 52-tone DRU-4, 52-tone DRU-12, and subcarrier indices {-446, 66}

[0296] 106-tone DRU-5: 52-tone DRU-5, 52-tone DRU-13, and subcarrier indices {-313, 199}

[0297] 106 - tone DRU - 6: 52 - tone DRU - 6, 52 - tone DRU - 14, and sub - carrier index {-312, 200}

[0298] 106 - tone DRU - 7: 52 - tone DRU - 7, 52 - tone DRU - 15, and sub - carrier index {-200, 312}

[0299] 106 - tone DRU - 8: 52 - tone DRU - 8, 52 - tone DRU - 16, and sub - carrier index {-199, 313}

[0300] Or, when the 26 - tone DRU corresponding to the 52 - tone DRU is defined by Example 1 - 1, the eight 106 - tone DRUs may be defined as follows.

[0301] 106 - tone DRU - 1: 52 - tone DRU - 1, 52 - tone DRU - 9, and sub - carrier index {-199, 313}

[0302] 106 - tone DRU - 2: 52 - tone DRU - 2, 52 - tone DRU - 10, and sub - carrier index {-66, 446}

[0303] 106 - tone DRU - 3: 52 - tone DRU - 3, 52 - tone DRU - 11, and sub - carrier index {-65, 447}

[0304] 106 - tone DRU - 4: 52 - tone DRU - 4, 52 - tone DRU - 12, and sub - carrier index {-447, 65}

[0305] 106 - tone DRU - 5: 52 - tone DRU - 5, 52 - tone DRU - 13, and sub - carrier index {-446, 66}

[0306] 106 - tone DRU - 6: 52 - tone DRU - 6, 52 - tone DRU - 14, and sub - carrier index {-313, 199}

[0307] 106-tone DRU-7: 52-tone DRU-7, 52-tone DRU-15, and subcarrier indices {-312,200}

[0308] 106-tone DRU-8: 52-tone DRU-8, 52-tone DRU-16, and subcarrier indices {-200, 312}

[0309] Alternatively, if 26 tone DRUs corresponding to 52 tone DRUs are defined by Example 1-1, the eight 106 tone DRUs may be defined as follows:

[0310] 106-tone DRU-1: 52-tone DRU-1, 52-tone DRU-9, and subcarrier indices {-200, 312}

[0311] 106-tone DRU-2: 52-tone DRU-2, 52-tone DRU-10, and subcarrier indices {-199,313}

[0312] 106-tone DRU-3: 52-tone DRU-3, 52-tone DRU-11, and subcarrier indices {-66,446}

[0313] 106-tone DRU-4: 52-tone DRU-4, 52-tone DRU-12, and subcarrier indices {-65,447}

[0314] 106-tone DRU-5: 52-tone DRU-5, 52-tone DRU-13, and subcarrier indices {-447, 65}

[0315] 106-tone DRU-6: 52-tone DRU-6, 52-tone DRU-14, and subcarrier indices {-446, 66}

[0316] 106-tone DRU-7: 52-tone DRU-7, 52-tone DRU-15, and subcarrier indices {-313,199}

[0317] 106-tone DRU-8: 52-tone DRU-8, 52-tone DRU-16, and subcarrier indices {-312,200}

[0318] Alternatively, if 26 tone DRUs corresponding to 52 tone DRUs are defined by Example 1-1, the eight 106 tone DRUs may be defined as follows:

[0319] 106-tone DRU-1: 52-tone DRU-1, 52-tone DRU-9, and subcarrier indices {-312,200}

[0320] 106-tone DRU-2: 52-tone DRU-2, 52-tone DRU-10, and subcarrier indices {-200, 312}

[0321] 106-tone DRU-3: 52-tone DRU-3, 52-tone DRU-11, and subcarrier indices {-199,313}

[0322] 106-tone DRU-4: 52-tone DRU-4, 52-tone DRU-12, and subcarrier indices {-66,446}

[0323] 106-tone DRU-5: 52-tone DRU-5, 52-tone DRU-13, and subcarrier indices {-65,447}

[0324] 106-tone DRU-6: 52-tone DRU-6, 52-tone DRU-14, and subcarrier indices {-447, 65}

[0325] 106-tone DRU-7: 52-tone DRU-7, 52-tone DRU-15, and subcarrier indices {-446, 66}

[0326] 106-tone DRU-8: 52-tone DRU-8, 52-tone DRU-16, and subcarrier indices {-313,199}

[0327] Alternatively, if 26 tone DRUs corresponding to 52 tone DRUs are defined by Example 1-1, the eight 106 tone DRUs may be defined as follows:

[0328] 106-tone DRU-1: 52-tone DRU-1, 52-tone DRU-9, and subcarrier indices {-313, 199}

[0329] 106-tone DRU-2: 52-tone DRU-2, 52-tone DRU-10, and subcarrier indices {-312,200}

[0330] 106-tone DRU-3: 52-tone DRU-3, 52-tone DRU-11, and subcarrier indices {-200, 312}

[0331] 106-tone DRU-4: 52-tone DRU-4, 52-tone DRU-12, and subcarrier indices {-199,313}

[0332] 106-tone DRU-5: 52-tone DRU-5, 52-tone DRU-13, and subcarrier indices {-66,446}

[0333] 106-tone DRU-6: 52-tone DRU-6, 52-tone DRU-14, and subcarrier indices {-65,447}

[0334] 106-tone DRU-7: 52-tone DRU-7, 52-tone DRU-15, and subcarrier indices {-447, 65}

[0335] 106-tone DRU-8: 52-tone DRU-8, 52-tone DRU-16, and subcarrier indices {-446, 66}

[0336] Alternatively, if 26 tone DRUs corresponding to 52 tone DRUs are defined by Example 1-1, the eight 106 tone DRUs may be defined as follows:

[0337] 106-tone DRU-1: 52-tone DRU-1, 52-tone DRU-9, and subcarrier indices {-446, 66}

[0338] 106-tone DRU-2: 52-tone DRU-2, 52-tone DRU-10, and subcarrier indices {-313,199}

[0339] 106-tone DRU-3: 52-tone DRU-3, 52-tone DRU-11, and subcarrier indices {-312,200}

[0340] 106-tone DRU-4: 52-tone DRU-4, 52-tone DRU-12, and subcarrier indices {-200, 312}

[0341] 106-tone DRU-5: 52-tone DRU-5, 52-tone DRU-13, and subcarrier indices {-199,313}

[0342] 106-tone DRU-6: 52-tone DRU-6, 52-tone DRU-14, and subcarrier indices {-66,446}

[0343] 106-tone DRU-7: 52-tone DRU-7, 52-tone DRU-15, and subcarrier indices {-65,447}

[0344] 106-tone DRU-8: 52-tone DRU-8, 52-tone DRU-16, and subcarrier indices {-447, 65}

[0345] Example 3-2

[0346] Similar to Example 3-1, the two additional subcarriers included in the 106-tone DRU may be two of the 16 null subcarriers (e.g., ±{447, 446, 313, 312, 200, 199, 66, 65}) in the 42 null subcarriers not used in the 26-tone DRU and 52-tone DRU.

[0347] For example, if 26 tone DRUs corresponding to 52 tone DRUs are defined by Example 1-2, then eight 106 tone DRUs may be defined as follows:

[0348] 106-tone DRU-1: 52-tone DRU-1, 52-tone DRU-9, and subcarrier indices {--447,447}

[0349] 106-tone DRU-2: 52-tone DRU-2, 52-tone DRU-10, and subcarrier indices {--313,313}

[0350] 106-tone DRU-3: 52-tone DRU-3, 52-tone DRU-11, and subcarrier indices {-312, 312}

[0351] 106-tone DRU-4: 52-tone DRU-4, 52-tone DRU-12, and subcarrier indices {-200, 200}

[0352] 106-tone DRU-5: 52-tone DRU-5, 52-tone DRU-13, and subcarrier indices {-199, 199}

[0353] 106-tone DRU-6: 52-tone DRU-6, 52-tone DRU-14, and subcarrier indices {-66, 66}

[0354] 106-tone DRU-7: 52-tone DRU-7, 52-tone DRU-15, and subcarrier indices {-65, 65}

[0355] 106-tone DRU-8: 52-tone DRU-8, 52-tone DRU-16, and subcarrier indices {-447, 65}

[0356] Alternatively, if 26 tone DRUs corresponding to 52 tone DRUs are defined by Example 1-2, the eight 106 tone DRUs may be defined as follows:

[0357] 106-tone DRU-1: 52-tone DRU-1, 52-tone DRU-9, and subcarrier indices {-65, 65}

[0358] 106-tone DRU-2: 52-tone DRU-2, 52-tone DRU-10, and subcarrier indices {-447, 447}

[0359] 106-tone DRU-3: 52-tone DRU-3, 52-tone DRU-11, and subcarrier indices {-446, 446}

[0360] 106-tone DRU-4: 52-tone DRU-4, 52-tone DRU-12, and subcarrier indices {-313, 313}

[0361] 106-tone DRU-5: 52-tone DRU-5, 52-tone DRU-13, and subcarrier indices {-312, 312}

[0362] 106-tone DRU-6: 52-tone DRU-6, 52-tone DRU-14, and subcarrier indices {-200, 200}

[0363] 106-tone DRU-7: 52-tone DRU-7, 52-tone DRU-15, and subcarrier indices {-199, 199}

[0364] 106-tone DRU-8: 52-tone DRU-8, 52-tone DRU-16, and subcarrier indices {-66, 66}

[0365] Alternatively, if 26 tone DRUs corresponding to 52 tone DRUs are defined by Example 1-2, the eight 106 tone DRUs may be defined as follows:

[0366] 106-tone DRU-1: 52-tone DRU-1, 52-tone DRU-9, and subcarrier indices {-66, 66}

[0367] 106-tone DRU-2: 52-tone DRU-2, 52-tone DRU-10, and subcarrier indices {-65, 65}

[0368] 106-tone DRU-3: 52-tone DRU-3, 52-tone DRU-11, and subcarrier indices {-447, 447}

[0369] 106-tone DRU-4: 52-tone DRU-4, 52-tone DRU-12, and subcarrier indices {-446, 446}

[0370] 106-tone DRU-5: 52-tone DRU-5, 52-tone DRU-13, and subcarrier indices {-313, 313}

[0371] 106-tone DRU-6: 52-tone DRU-6, 52-tone DRU-14, and subcarrier indices {-312, 312}

[0372] 106-tone DRU-7: 52-tone DRU-7, 52-tone DRU-15, and subcarrier indices {-200, 200}

[0373] 106-tone DRU-8: 52-tone DRU-8, 52-tone DRU-16, and subcarrier indices {-199, 199}

[0374] Alternatively, if 26 tone DRUs corresponding to 52 tone DRUs are defined by Example 1-2, the eight 106 tone DRUs may be defined as follows:

[0375] 106-tone DRU-1: 52-tone DRU-1, 52-tone DRU-9, and subcarrier indices {-199, 199}

[0376] 106-tone DRU-2: 52-tone DRU-2, 52-tone DRU-10, and subcarrier indices {-66, 66}

[0377] 106-tone DRU-3: 52-tone DRU-3, 52-tone DRU-11, and subcarrier indices {-65, 65}

[0378] 106-tone DRU-4: 52-tone DRU-4, 52-tone DRU-12, and subcarrier indices {-447, 447}

[0379] 106-tone DRU-5: 52-tone DRU-5, 52-tone DRU-13, and subcarrier indices {-446, 446}

[0380] 106-tone DRU-6: 52-tone DRU-6, 52-tone DRU-14, and subcarrier indices {-313, 313}

[0381] 106-tone DRU-7: 52-tone DRU-7, 52-tone DRU-15, and subcarrier indices {-312, 312}

[0382] 106-tone DRU-8: 52-tone DRU-8, 52-tone DRU-16, and subcarrier indices {-200, 200}

[0383] Alternatively, if 26 tone DRUs corresponding to 52 tone DRUs are defined by Example 1-2, the eight 106 tone DRUs may be defined as follows:

[0384] 106-tone DRU-1: 52-tone DRU-1, 52-tone DRU-9, and subcarrier indices {-200, 200}

[0385] 106-tone DRU-2: 52-tone DRU-2, 52-tone DRU-10, and subcarrier indices {-199, 199}

[0386] 106-tone DRU-3: 52-tone DRU-3, 52-tone DRU-11, and subcarrier indices {-66, 66}

[0387] 106-tone DRU-4: 52-tone DRU-4, 52-tone DRU-12, and subcarrier indices {-65, 65}

[0388] 106-tone DRU-5: 52-tone DRU-5, 52-tone DRU-13, and subcarrier indices {-447, 447}

[0389] 106-tone DRU-6: 52-tone DRU-6, 52-tone DRU-14, and subcarrier indices {-446, 446}

[0390] 106-tone DRU-7: 52-tone DRU-7, 52-tone DRU-15, and subcarrier indices {-313, 313}

[0391] 106-tone DRU-8: 52-tone DRU-8, 52-tone DRU-16, and subcarrier indices {-312, 312}

[0392] Alternatively, if 26 tone DRUs corresponding to 52 tone DRUs are defined by Example 1-2, the eight 106 tone DRUs may be defined as follows:

[0393] 106-tone DRU-1: 52-tone DRU-1, 52-tone DRU-9, and subcarrier indices {-312, 312}

[0394] 106-tone DRU-2: 52-tone DRU-2, 52-tone DRU-10, and subcarrier indices {-200, 200}

[0395] 106-tone DRU-3: 52-tone DRU-3, 52-tone DRU-11, and subcarrier indices {-199, 199}

[0396] 106-tone DRU-4: 52-tone DRU-4, 52-tone DRU-12, and subcarrier indices {-66, 66}

[0397] 106-tone DRU-5: 52-tone DRU-5, 52-tone DRU-13, and subcarrier indices {-65, 65}

[0398] 106-tone DRU-6: 52-tone DRU-6, 52-tone DRU-14, and subcarrier indices {-447, 447}

[0399] 106-tone DRU-7: 52-tone DRU-7, 52-tone DRU-15, and subcarrier indices {-446, 446}

[0400] 106-tone DRU-8: 52-tone DRU-8, 52-tone DRU-16, and subcarrier indices {-313, 313}

[0401] Alternatively, if 26 tone DRUs corresponding to 52 tone DRUs are defined by Example 1-2, the eight 106 tone DRUs may be defined as follows:

[0402] 106-tone DRU-1: 52-tone DRU-1, 52-tone DRU-9, and subcarrier indices {-313, 313}

[0403] 106-tone DRU-2: 52-tone DRU-2, 52-tone DRU-10, and subcarrier indices {-312, 312}

[0404] 106-tone DRU-3: 52-tone DRU-3, 52-tone DRU-11, and subcarrier indices {-200, 200}

[0405] 106-tone DRU-4: 52-tone DRU-4, 52-tone DRU-12, and subcarrier indices {-199, 199}

[0406] 106-tone DRU-5: 52-tone DRU-5, 52-tone DRU-13, and subcarrier indices {-66, 66}

[0407] 106-tone DRU-6: 52-tone DRU-6, 52-tone DRU-14, and subcarrier indices {-65, 65}

[0408] 106-tone DRU-7: 52-tone DRU-7, 52-tone DRU-15, and subcarrier indices {-447, 447}

[0409] 106-tone DRU-8: 52-tone DRU-8, 52-tone DRU-16, and subcarrier indices {-446, 446}

[0410] Alternatively, if 26 tone DRUs corresponding to 52 tone DRUs are defined by Example 1-2, the eight 106 tone DRUs may be defined as follows:

[0411] 106-tone DRU-1: 52-tone DRU-1, 52-tone DRU-9, and subcarrier indices {-446, 446}

[0412] 106-tone DRU-2: 52-tone DRU-2, 52-tone DRU-10, and subcarrier indices {-313, 313}

[0413] 106-tone DRU-3: 52-tone DRU-3, 52-tone DRU-11, and subcarrier indices {-312, 312}

[0414] 106-tone DRU-4: 52-tone DRU-4, 52-tone DRU-12, and subcarrier indices {-200, 200}

[0415] 106-tone DRU-5: 52-tone DRU-5, 52-tone DRU-13, and subcarrier indices {-199, 199}

[0416] 106-tone DRU-6: 52-tone DRU-6, 52-tone DRU-14, and subcarrier indices {-66, 66}

[0417] 106-tone DRU-7: 52-tone DRU-7, 52-tone DRU-15, and subcarrier indices {-65, 65}

[0418] 106-tone DRU-8: 52-tone DRU-8, 52-tone DRU-16, and subcarrier indices {-447, 447}

[0419] In accordance with the DRU tone plan defined in the various examples of this disclosure described above, identical / differently sized DRUs can be assigned to different STAs.

[0420] For example, if a specific RU index is indicated through the RU assignment field included in the SIG (e.g., U-SIG and / or UHR-SIG) field during DL OFDMA transmission, the STA receiving the PPDU can parse it as the data fields within the PPDU being mapped onto subcarriers included in the DRU corresponding to the indicated RU index, thereby enabling the data fields to be decoded. Alternatively, if a specific RU index is indicated through the RU assignment subfield in the trigger frame, the STA receiving the trigger frame can transmit a TB PPDU with the data fields mapped onto subcarriers included in the DRU corresponding to the indicated RU index. Here, the DRU corresponding to the indicated RU index may be determined based on mapping rules between RRUs and DRUs.

[0421] Example 4

[0422] In this embodiment, various examples of subcarrier indices constituting a 242-tone DRU are described.

[0423] For example, four 242-tone DRUs may be defined within an 80MHz bandwidth. The subcarrier indices contained in one 242-tone DRU may correspond to the set of subcarrier indices contained in two 106-tone DRUs, the subcarrier indices contained in one 26-tone DRU, and four additional subcarrier indices. One 26-tone DRU contained in one 242-tone DRU may correspond to any of the four 26-tone DRUs (i.e., 26-tone DRU-5, 26-tone DRU-14, 26-tone DRU-23, and 26-tone DRU-32) out of the 36 26-tone DRUs that are not used in combinations of other larger-sized DRUs. Furthermore, each 242-tone DRU may be defined in such a way that the subcarriers contained in it are distributed to the maximum extent possible.

[0424] Example 4-1

[0425] The four additional subcarriers included in the 242-tone DRU may be four of the 16 null subcarriers (e.g., ±{500, 393, 366, 259, 253, 146, 119, 12}) that are not commonly used in the 26-tone DRU, 52-tone DRU, and 106-tone DRU. That is, some of the null subcarriers in the 26-tone DRU and 52-tone DRU, or some of the null subcarriers in the 106-tone DRU, may be included in the available subcarriers for the 242-tone DRU. Furthermore, the four additional subcarrier indices included in different 242-tone DRUs do not need to overlap.

[0426] For example, if a 26-tone DRU corresponding to a 106-tone DRU (or a 52-tone DRU corresponding to a 106-tone DRU) is defined by Example 1-1, then four 242-tone DRUs may be defined as follows:

[0427] 242-tone DRU-1: 106-tone DRU-1, 106-tone DRU-5, 26-tone DRU-5, and subcarrier indices {-500, -253, 12, 259}

[0428] 242-tone DRU-2: 106-tone DRU-2, 106-tone DRU-6, 26-tone DRU-14, and subcarrier indices {-393, -146, 119, 366}

[0429] 242-tone DRU-3: 106-tone DRU-3, 106-tone DRU-7, 26-tone DRU-23, and subcarrier indices {-366, -119, 146, 393}

[0430] 242-tone DRU-4: 106-tone DRU-4, 106-tone DRU-8, 26-tone DRU-32, and subcarrier indices {-259, -12, 253, 500}

[0431] Alternatively, if a 26-tone DRU corresponding to a 106-tone DRU (or a 52-tone DRU corresponding to a 106-tone DRU) is defined by Example 1-1, the four 242-tone DRUs may be defined as follows:

[0432] 242-tone DRU-1: 106-tone DRU-1, 106-tone DRU-5, 26-tone DRU-5, and subcarrier indices {-259, -12, 253, 500}

[0433] 242-tone DRU-2: 106-tone DRU-2, 106-tone DRU-6, 26-tone DRU-14, and subcarrier indices {-500, -253, 12, 259}

[0434] 242-tone DRU-3: 106-tone DRU-3, 106-tone DRU-7, 26-tone DRU-23, and subcarrier indices {-393, -146, 119, 366}

[0435] 242-tone DRU-4: 106-tone DRU-4, 106-tone DRU-8, 26-tone DRU-32, and subcarrier indices {366, -119, 146, 393}

[0436] Alternatively, if a 26-tone DRU corresponding to a 106-tone DRU (or a 52-tone DRU corresponding to a 106-tone DRU) is defined by Example 1-1, the four 242-tone DRUs may be defined as follows:

[0437] 242-tone DRU-1: 106-tone DRU-1, 106-tone DRU-5, 26-tone DRU-5, and subcarrier indices {-366, -119, 146, 393}

[0438] 242-tone DRU-2: 106-tone DRU-2, 106-tone DRU-6, 26-tone DRU-14, and subcarrier indices {-259, -12, 253, 500}

[0439] 242-tone DRU-3: 106-tone DRU-3, 106-tone DRU-7, 26-tone DRU-23, and subcarrier indices {-500, -253, 12, 259}

[0440] 242-tone DRU-4: 106-tone DRU-4, 106-tone DRU-8, 26-tone DRU-32, and subcarrier indices {-393, -146, 119, 366}

[0441] Alternatively, if a 26-tone DRU corresponding to a 106-tone DRU (or a 52-tone DRU corresponding to a 106-tone DRU) is defined by Example 1-1, the four 242-tone DRUs may be defined as follows:

[0442] 242-tone DRU-1: 106-tone DRU-1, 106-tone DRU-5, 26-tone DRU-5, and subcarrier indices {-393, -146, 119, 366}

[0443] 242-tone DRU-2: 106-tone DRU-2, 106-tone DRU-6, 26-tone DRU-14, and subcarrier indices {-366, -119, 146, 393}

[0444] 242-tone DRU-3: 106-tone DRU-3, 106-tone DRU-7, 26-tone DRU-23, and subcarrier indices {-259, -12, 253, 500}

[0445] 242-tone DRU-4: 106-tone DRU-4, 106-tone DRU-8, 26-tone DRU-32, and subcarrier indices {-500, -253, 12, 259}

[0446] Example 4-2

[0447] Similar to Example 4-1, the four additional subcarriers included in the 242-tone DRU may be four of the 16 null subcarriers (e.g., ±{500, 393, 366, 259, 253, 146, 119, 12}) that are not used in the 26-tone DRU, 52-tone DRU, and 106-tone DRU.

[0448] For example, if a 26-tone DRU corresponding to a 106-tone DRU (or a 52-tone DRU corresponding to a 106-tone DRU) is defined by Example 1-2, then four 242-tone DRUs may be defined as follows:

[0449] 242-tone DRU-1: 106-tone DRU-1, 106-tone DRU-3, 26-tone DRU-5, and subcarrier indices {-500, -253, 253, 500}

[0450] 242-tone DRU-2: 106-tone DRU-2, 106-tone DRU-4, 26-tone DRU-14, and subcarrier indices {-393, -146, 146, 393}

[0451] 242-tone DRU-3: 106-tone DRU-3, 106-tone DRU-5, 26-tone DRU-23, and subcarrier indices {-366, -119, 119, 366}

[0452] 242-tone DRU-4: 106-tone DRU-4, 106-tone DRU-6, 26-tone DRU-32, and subcarrier indices {-259,-12,12,259}

[0453] Alternatively, if a 26-tone DRU corresponding to a 106-tone DRU (or a 52-tone DRU corresponding to a 106-tone DRU) is defined by Example 1-2, the four 242-tone DRUs may be defined as follows:

[0454] 242-tone DRU-1: 106-tone DRU-1, 106-tone DRU-3, 26-tone DRU-5, and subcarrier indices {-259, -12, 12, 259}

[0455] 242-tone DRU-2: 106-tone DRU-2, 106-tone DRU-4, 26-tone DRU-14, and subcarrier indices {-500, -253, 253, 500}

[0456] 242-tone DRU-3: 106-tone DRU-3, 106-tone DRU-5, 26-tone DRU-23, and subcarrier indices {-393, -146, 146, 393}

[0457] 242-tone DRU-4: 106-tone DRU-4, 106-tone DRU-6, 26-tone DRU-32, and subcarrier indices {-366, -119, 119, 366}

[0458] Alternatively, if a 26-tone DRU corresponding to a 106-tone DRU (or a 52-tone DRU corresponding to a 106-tone DRU) is defined by Example 1-2, the four 242-tone DRUs may be defined as follows:

[0459] 242-tone DRU-1: 106-tone DRU-1, 106-tone DRU-3, 26-tone DRU-5, and subcarrier indices {-366, -119, 119, 366}

[0460] 242-tone DRU-2: 106-tone DRU-2, 106-tone DRU-4, 26-tone DRU-14, and subcarrier indices {-259, -12, 12, 259}

[0461] 242-tone DRU-3: 106-tone DRU-3, 106-tone DRU-5, 26-tone DRU-23, and subcarrier indices {-500, -253, 253, 500}

[0462] 242-tone DRU-4: 106-tone DRU-4, 106-tone DRU-6, 26-tone DRU-32, and subcarrier indices {-393, -146, 146, 393}

[0463] Alternatively, if a 26-tone DRU corresponding to a 106-tone DRU (or a 52-tone DRU corresponding to a 106-tone DRU) is defined by Example 1-2, the four 242-tone DRUs may be defined as follows:

[0464] 242-tone DRU-1: 106-tone DRU-1, 106-tone DRU-3, 26-tone DRU-5, and subcarrier indices {-393, -146, 146, 393}

[0465] 242-tone DRU-2: 106-tone DRU-2, 106-tone DRU-4, 26-tone DRU-14, and subcarrier indices {-366, -119, 119, 366}

[0466] 242-tone DRU-3: 106-tone DRU-3, 106-tone DRU-5, 26-tone DRU-23, and subcarrier indices {-259,-12,12,259}

[0467] 242-tone DRU-4: 106-tone DRU-4, 106-tone DRU-6, 26-tone DRU-32, and subcarrier indices {-500, -253, 253, 500}

[0468] Example 5

[0469] In this embodiment, various examples of subcarrier indices constituting a 484-tone DRU are described.

[0470] For example, two 484-tone DRUs may be defined within an 80MHz bandwidth. The subcarrier indices contained in one 484-tone DRU may correspond to the set of subcarrier indices contained in two 242-tone DRUs.

[0471] Two 242-tone DRUs corresponding to one 484-tone DRU may be intended to ensure that subcarriers are uniformly distributed across the 484-tone DRU while being as far apart as possible in the frequency domain. The two 484-tone DRUs may be defined as follows:

[0472] 484-tone DRU-1: 242-tone DRU-1, and 242-tone DRU-3

[0473] 484-tone DRU-2: 242-tone DRU-2, and 242-tone DRU-4

[0474] Pilot tone for tone plan

[0475] This embodiment relates to pilot tones for each DRU, with respect to a DRU tone plan for an 80MHz channel defined as described above.

[0476] For example, in a 26-tone DRU, two of the 26 tones may be defined as pilot tones. In a 52-tone DRU, four of the 52 tones may be defined as pilot tones. In a 106-tone DRU, four tones may be defined as pilot tones. In a 242-tone DRU, eight of the 242 tones may be defined as pilot tones. In a 484-tone DRU, sixteen of the 484 tones may be defined as pilot tones. The pilot sequence has a length corresponding to the number of pilot tones, and each element of the pilot sequence may be 1 or -1, and the order of the elements in the pilot sequence may be determined based on the DRU index. Various examples of the position of the pilot tones (i.e., the subcarrier index) are described below.

[0477] Figure 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of the DRU tone plan and pilot tone-based PPDU receiving method of the first STA relating to this disclosure.

[0478] In step S1310, the first STA can generate a PPDU containing one or more fields that are mapped onto one or more DRUs.

[0479] For example, one or more fields may contain data fields. That is, the data fields of a PPDU may be generated by mapping them onto one or more DRUs of varying sizes.

[0480] If one or more DRUs include any one of the 26-tone DRUs, that 26-tone DRU may be any one of the 36 already defined 26-tone DRUs. For example, the pilot tone of each of the 36 already defined 26-tone DRUs may be the seventh lowest subcarrier and the seventh highest subcarrier among the subcarriers included in one of the 26-tone DRUs.

[0481] If one or more DRUs include a 52-tone DRU, the 52-tone DRU may be any one of the 16 already defined 52-tone DRUs. For example, the pilot tone of each of the 16 already defined 52-tone DRUs may be the 9th lowest subcarrier, the 18th lowest subcarrier, the 18th highest subcarrier, and the 9th highest subcarrier among the subcarriers contained in one 52-tone DRU.

[0482] If one or more DRUs include a 106-tone DRU, the 106-tone DRU may be any one of the eight already defined 106-tone DRUs. For example, the pilot tone of each of the eight already defined 106-tone DRUs may be the 18th lowest subcarrier, the 36th lowest subcarrier, the 36th highest subcarrier, and the 18th highest subcarrier among the subcarriers contained in one 106-tone DRU.

[0483] If one or more DRUs include a 242-tone DRU, the 242-tone DRU may be any one of the four already defined 242-tone DRUs. The pilot tone of each of the four already defined 242-tone DRUs may be the 25th lowest subcarrier, the 49th lowest subcarrier, the 73rd lowest subcarrier, the 97th lowest subcarrier, the 97th highest subcarrier, the 73rd highest subcarrier, the 49th highest subcarrier, and the 25th highest subcarrier among the subcarriers contained in one 242-tone DRU.

[0484] If one or more DRUs include a 484-tone DRU, the 484-tone DRU may be any one of two already defined 484-tone DRUs. The pilot tone of each of the two already defined 484-tone DRUs may be the 27th lowest subcarrier, the 54th lowest subcarrier, the 81st lowest subcarrier, the 108th lowest subcarrier, the 135th lowest subcarrier, the 162nd lowest subcarrier, the 189th lowest subcarrier, the 216th lowest subcarrier, the 189th highest subcarrier, the 162nd highest subcarrier, the 135th highest subcarrier, the 108th highest subcarrier, the 81st highest subcarrier, the 54th highest subcarrier, and the 27th highest subcarrier among the subcarriers contained in one 484-tone DRU.

[0485] Here, the nth (n=1,2,...,36) 26-tone DRU may contain the nth lowest subcarrier among the available subcarriers in the 80MHz channel. Also, the nth (n=1,2,...,36) 26-tone DRU may contain every 36th subcarrier, and any one of these subcarriers may correspond to the aforementioned nth lowest subcarrier.

[0486] For example, the first 26-tone DRU may include subcarrier indices -499, -463, -425, -388, -351, -315, -277, -234, -196, -160, -123, -86, -48, 13, 49, 87, 124, 161, 197, 235, 278, 316, 352, 389, 426, and 464. The second 26-tone DRU may include subcarrier indices -498, -462, -424, -387, -350, -314, -276, -233, -195, -159, -122, -85, -47, 14, 50, 88, 125, 162, 198, 236, 279, 317, 353, 390, 427, and 465. The third 26-tone DRU may include subcarrier indices -497, -461, -423, -386, -349, -311, -275, -232, -194, -158, -121, -84, -46, 15, 51, 89, 126, 163, 201, 237, 280, 318, 354, 391, 428, and 466. The fourth 26-tone DRU may include subcarrier indices -496, -460, -422, -385, -348, -310, -274, -231, -193, -157, -120, -83, -45, 16, 52, 90, 127, 164, 202, 238, 281, 319, 355, 392, 429, and 467. The fifth 26-tone DRU may include subcarrier indices -495, -459, -421, -384, -347, -309, -273, -230, -192, -156, -118, -82, -44, 17, 53, 91, 128, 165, 203, 239, 282, 320, 356, 394, 430, and 468. The sixth 26-tone DRU may include subcarrier indices -494, -458, -420, -383, -346, -308, -272, -229, -191, -155, -117, -81, -43, 18, 54, 92, 129, 166, 204, 240, 283, 321, 357, 395, 431, and 469.The seventh 26-tone DRU may include subcarrier indices -493, -457, -419, -382, -345, -307, -271, -228, -190, -154, -116, -80, -42, 19, 55, 93, 130, 167, 205, 241, 284, 322, 358, 396, 432, and 470. The eighth 26-tone DRU may include subcarrier indices -492, -456, -418, -381, -344, -306, -270, -227, -189, -153, -115, -79, -41, 20, 56, 94, 131, 168, 206, 242, 285, 323, 359, 397, 433, and 471. The ninth 26-tone DRU may include subcarrier indices -491, -455, -417, -380, -343, -305, -269, -226, -188, -152, -114, -78, -40, 21, 57, 95, 132, 169, 207, 243, 286, 324, 360, 398, 434, and 472. The 10th 26-tone DRU may include subcarrier indices -490, -454, -416, -379, -342, -304, -268, -225, -187, -151, -113, -77, -39, 22, 58, 96, 133, 170, 208, 244, 287, 325, 361, 399, 435, and 473. The 11th 26-tone DRU may include subcarrier indices -489, -453, -415, -378, -341, -303, -267, -224, -186, -150, -112, -76, -38, 23, 59, 97, 134, 171, 209, 245, 288, 326, 362, 400, 436, and 474. The 12th 26-tone DRU may include subcarrier indices -488, -452, -414, -377, -340, -302, -266, -223, -185, -149, -111, -75, -37, 24, 60, 98, 135, 172, 210, 246, 289, 327, 363, 401, 437, and 475.The 13th 26-tone DRU may include subcarrier indices -487, -451, -413, -376, -339, -301, -265, -222, -184, -148, -110, -74, -36, 25, 61, 99, 136, 173, 211, 247, 290, 328, 364, 402, 438, and 476. The 14th 26-tone DRU may include subcarrier indices -486, -450, -412, -375, -338, -300, -264, -221, -183, -147, -109, -73, -35, 26, 62, 100, 137, 174, 212, 248, 291, 329, 365, 403, 439, and 477. The 15th 26-tone DRU may include subcarrier indices -485, -449, -411, -374, -337, -299, -263, -220, -182, -145, -108, -72, -34, 27, 63, 101, 138, 175, 213, 249, 292, 330, 367, 404, 440, and 478. The 16th 26-tone DRU may include subcarrier indices -484, -448, -410, -373, -336, -298, -262, -219, -181, -144, -107, -71, -33, 28, 64, 102, 139, 176, 214, 250, 293, 331, 368, 405, 441, and 479. The 17th 26-tone DRU may include subcarrier indices -483, -445, -409, -372, -335, -297, -261, -218, -180, -143, -106, -70, -32, 29, 67, 103, 140, 177, 215, 251, 294, 332, 369, 406, 442, and 480. The 18th 26-tone DRU may include subcarrier indices -482, -444, -408, -371, -334, -296, -260, -217, -179, -142, -105, -69, -31, 30, 68, 104, 141, 178, 216, 252, 295, 333, 370, 407, 443, and 481.The 19th 26-tone DRU may include subcarrier indices -481, -443, -407, -370, -333, -295, -252, -216, -178, -141, -104, -68, -30, 31, 69, 105, 142, 179, 217, 260, 296, 334, 371, 408, 444, and 482. The 20th 26-tone DRU may include subcarrier indices -480, -442, -406, -369, -332, -294, -251, -215, -177, -140, -103, -67, -29, 32, 70, 106, 143, 180, 218, 261, 297, 335, 372, 409, 445, and 483. The 21st 26-tone DRU may include subcarrier indices -479, -441, -405, -368, -331, -293, -250, -214, -176, -139, -102, -64, -28, 33, 71, 107, 144, 181, 219, 262, 298, 336, 373, 410, 448, and 484. The 22nd 26-tone DRU may include subcarrier indices -478, -440, -404, -367, -330, -292, -249, -213, -175, -138, -101, -63, -27, 34, 72, 108, 145, 182, 220, 263, 299, 337, 374, 411, 449, and 485. The 23rd 26-tone DRU may include subcarrier indices -477, -439, -403, -365, -329, -291, -248, -212, -174, -137, -100, -62, -26, 35, 73, 109, 147, 183, 221, 264, 300, 338, 375, 412, 450, and 486. The 24th 26-tone DRU may include subcarrier indices -476, -438, -402, -364, -328, -290, -247, -211, -173, -136, -99, -61, -25, 36, 74, 110, 148, 184, 222, 265, 301, 339, 376, 413, 451, and 487.The 25th 26-tone DRU may include subcarrier indices -475, -437, -401, -363, -327, -289, -246, -210, -172, -135, -98, -60, -24, 37, 75, 111, 149, 185, 223, 266, 302, 340, 377, 414, 452, and 488. The 26th 26-tone DRU may include subcarrier indices -474, -436, -400, -362, -326, -288, -245, -209, -171, -134, -97, -59, -23, 38, 76, 112, 150, 186, 224, 267, 303, 341, 378, 415, 453, and 489. The 27th 26-tone DRU may include subcarrier indices -473, -435, -399, -361, -325, -287, -244, -208, -170, -133, -96, -58, -22, 39, 77, 113, 151, 187, 225, 268, 304, 342, 379, 416, 454, and 490. The 28th 26-tone DRU may include subcarrier indices -472, -434, -398, -360, -324, -286, -243, -207, -169, -132, -95, -57, -21, 40, 78, 114, 152, 188, 226, 269, 305, 343, 380, 417, 455, and 491. The 29th 26-tone DRU may include subcarrier indices -471, -433, -397, -359, -323, -285, -242, -206, -168, -131, -94, -56, -20, 41, 79, 115, 153, 189, 227, 270, 306, 344, 381, 418, 456, and 492. The 30th 26-tone DRU may include subcarrier indices -470, -432, -396, -358, -322, -284, -241, -205, -167, -130, -93, -55, -19, 42, 80, 116, 154, 190, 228, 271, 307, 345, 382, ​​419, 457, and 493.The 31st 26-tone DRU may include subcarrier indices -469, -431, -395, -357, -321, -283, -240, -204, -166, -129, -92, -54, -18, 43, 81, 117, 155, 191, 229, 272, 308, 346, 383, 420, 458, and 494. The 32nd 26-tone DRU may include subcarrier indices -468, -430, -394, -356, -320, -282, -239, -203, -165, -128, -91, -53, -17, 44, 82, 118, 156, 192, 230, 273, 309, 347, 384, 421, 459, and 495. The 33rd 26-tone DRU may include subcarrier indices -467, -429, -392, -355, -319, -281, -238, -202, -164, -127, -90, -52, -16, 45, 83, 120, 157, 193, 231, 274, 310, 348, 385, 422, 460, and 496. The 34th 26-tone DRU may include subcarrier indices -466, -428, -391, -354, -318, -280, -237, -201, -163, -126, -89, -51, -15, 46, 84, 121, 158, 194, 232, 275, 311, 349, 386, 423, 461, and 497. The 35th 26-tone DRU may include subcarrier indices -465, -427, -390, -353, -317, -279, -236, -198, -162, -125, -88, -50, -14, 47, 85, 122, 159, 195, 233, 276, 314, 350, 387, 424, 462, and 498. The 36th 26-tone DRU may include subcarrier indices -464, -426, -389, -352, -316, -278, -235, -197, -161, and -124. It may include -87, -49, -13, 48, 86, 123, 160, 196, 234, 277, 315, 351, 388, 425, 463, and 499.

[0487] In this case, the pilot tone for the first 26-tone DRU may be -277, 235. The pilot tone for the second 26-tone DRU may be -276, 236. The pilot tone for the third 26-tone DRU may be -275, 237. The pilot tone for the fourth 26-tone DRU may be -274, 238. The pilot tone for the fifth 26-tone DRU may be -273, 239. The pilot tone for the sixth 26-tone DRU may be -272, 240. The pilot tone for the seventh 26-tone DRU may be -271, 241. The pilot tone for the eighth 26-tone DRU may be -270, 242. The pilot tone for the ninth 26-tone DRU may be -269, 243. The pilot tone for the tenth 26-tone DRU may be -268, 244. The pilot tone for the 11th 26-tone DRU may be -267, 245. The pilot tone for the 12th 26-tone DRU may be -266, 246. The pilot tone for the 13th 26-tone DRU may be -265, 247. The pilot tone for the 14th 26-tone DRU may be -264, 248. The pilot tone for the 15th 26-tone DRU may be -263, 249. The pilot tone for the 16th 26-tone DRU may be -262, 250. The pilot tone for the 17th 26-tone DRU may be -261, 251. The pilot tone for the 18th 26-tone DRU may be -260, 252. The pilot tone for the 19th 26-tone DRU may be -252, 260. The pilot tone for the 20th 26-tone DRU may be -251, 261. The pilot tone for the 21st 26-tone DRU may be -250, 262. The pilot tone for the 22nd 26-tone DRU may be -249, 263. The pilot tone for the 23rd 26-tone DRU may be -248, 264. The pilot tone for the 24th 26-tone DRU may be -247, 265.The pilot tone for the 25th 26-tone DRU may be -246, 266. The pilot tone for the 26th 26-tone DRU may be -245, 267. The pilot tone for the 27th 26-tone DRU may be -244, 268. The pilot tone for the 28th 26-tone DRU may be -243, 269. The pilot tone for the 29th 26-tone DRU may be -242, 270. The pilot tone for the 30th 26-tone DRU may be -241, 271. The pilot tone for the 31st 26-tone DRU may be -240, 272. The pilot tone for the 32nd 26-tone DRU may be -239, 273. The pilot tone for the 33rd 26-tone DRU may be -238, 274. The pilot tones for the 34th 26-tone DRU may be -237 and 275. The pilot tones for the 35th 26-tone DRU may be -236 and 276. The pilot tones for the 36th 26-tone DRU may be -235 and 277.

[0488] For example, the first 52-tone DRU may include subcarriers contained in the first 26-tone DRU and the 19th 26-tone DRU. The second 52-tone DRU may include subcarriers contained in the second 26-tone DRU and the 20th 26-tone DRU. The third 52-tone DRU may include subcarriers contained in the third 26-tone DRU and the 21st 26-tone DRU. The fourth 52-tone DRU may include subcarriers contained in the fourth 26-tone DRU and the 22nd 26-tone DRU. The fifth 52-tone DRU may include subcarriers contained in the sixth 26-tone DRU and the 24th 26-tone DRU. The sixth 52-tone DRU may include subcarriers contained in the seventh 26-tone DRU and the 25th 26-tone DRU. The seventh 52-tone DRU may include subcarriers contained in the eighth 26-tone DRU and the 26th 26-tone DRU. The 8th 52-tone DRU may contain subcarriers included in the 9th 26-tone DRU and the 27th 26-tone DRU. The 9th 52-tone DRU may contain subcarriers included in the 10th 26-tone DRU and the 28th 26-tone DRU. The 10th 52-tone DRU may contain subcarriers included in the 11th 26-tone DRU and the 29th 26-tone DRU. The 11th 52-tone DRU may contain subcarriers included in the 12th 26-tone DRU and the 30th 26-tone DRU. The 12th 52-tone DRU may contain subcarriers included in the 13th 26-tone DRU and the 31st 26-tone DRU. The 13th 52-tone DRU may contain subcarriers included in the 15th 26-tone DRU and the 33rd 26-tone DRU. The 14th 52-tone DRU may contain subcarriers included in the 16th 26-tone DRU and the 34th 26-tone DRU. The 15th 52-tone DRU may include subcarriers contained in the 17th 26-tone DRU and the 35th 26-tone DRU. The 16th 52-tone DRU may include subcarriers contained in the 18th 26-tone DRU and the 36th 26-tone DRU.

[0489] In this case, the pilot tones for the first 52-tone DRU may be -351, -178, 161, 334. The pilot tones for the second 52-tone DRU may be -350, -177, 162, 335. The pilot tones for the third 52-tone DRU may be -349, -176, 163, 336. The pilot tones for the fourth 52-tone DRU may be -348, -175, 164, 337. The pilot tones for the fifth 52-tone DRU may be -346, -173, 166, 339. The pilot tones for the sixth 52-tone DRU may be -345, -172, 167, 340. The pilot tones for the seventh 52-tone DRU may be -344, -171, 168, 341. The pilot tones for the 8th 52-tone DRU may be -343, -170, 169, 342. The pilot tones for the 9th 52-tone DRU may be -342, -169, 170, 343. The pilot tones for the 10th 52-tone DRU may be -341, -168, 171, 344. The pilot tones for the 11th 52-tone DRU may be -340, -167, 172, 345. The pilot tones for the 12th 52-tone DRU may be -339, -166, 173, 346. The pilot tones for the 13th 52-tone DRU may be -337, -164, 175, 348. The pilot tones for the 14th 52-tone DRU may be -336, -163, 176, 349. The pilot tones for the 15th 52-tone DRU may be -335, -162, 177, and 350. The pilot tones for the 16th 52-tone DRU may be -334, -161, 178, and 351.

[0490] For example, the first 106-tone DRU may include a first group of subcarriers, including those contained in the first 52-tone DRU and the ninth 52-tone DRU, and two of the sixteen null subcarriers. The second 106-tone DRU may include a second group of subcarriers, including those contained in the second 52-tone DRU and the tenth 52-tone DRU, and two of the other two of the sixteen null subcarriers. The third 106-tone DRU may include a third group of subcarriers, including those contained in the third 52-tone DRU and the eleventh 52-tone DRU, and two of the other two of the sixteen null subcarriers. The fourth 106-tone DRU may include a fourth group of subcarriers, including those contained in the fourth 52-tone DRU and the twelfth 52-tone DRU, and two of the other two of the sixteen null subcarriers. The fifth 106-tone DRU may include subcarriers contained in the fifth 52-tone DRU and the thirteenth 52-tone DRU, and a fifth group corresponding to two of the sixteen null subcarriers. The sixth 106-tone DRU may include subcarriers contained in the sixth 52-tone DRU and the fourteenth 52-tone DRU, and a sixth group corresponding to two of the other sixteen null subcarriers. The seventh 106-tone DRU may include subcarriers contained in the seventh 52-tone DRU and the fifteenth 52-tone DRU, and a seventh group corresponding to two of the sixteen null subcarriers. The eighth 106-tone DRU may include subcarriers contained in the eighth 52-tone DRU and the sixteenth 52-tone DRU, and a eighth group corresponding to two of the other two of the sixteen null subcarriers.

[0491] Here, if the indices of the 16 null subcarriers are -447, -446, -313, -312, -200, -199, -66, -65, 65, 66, 199, 200, 312, 313, 446, and 447, then of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth groups of null subcarriers, one includes subcarrier indices -447 and 65, and the other one includes subcarrier One may include indices -446 and -66, another may include subcarrier indices -313 and -199, another may include subcarrier indices -312 and -200, another may include subcarrier indices -200 and -312, another may include subcarrier indices -199 and -313, another may include subcarrier indices -66 and -446, and the remaining one may include subcarrier indices -65 and -447.

[0492] In this case, of the four pilot tones for the first 106-tone DRU, the first pilot tone may be either -351 or -342, the second pilot tone may be either -178 or -169, the third pilot tone may be either 161 or 170, and the fourth pilot tone may be either 334 or 343. Of the four pilot tones for the second 106-tone DRU, the first pilot tone may be either -350 or -341, the second pilot tone may be either -177 or -168, the third pilot tone may be either 162 or 171, and the fourth pilot tone may be either 335 or 344. Of the four pilot tones for the third 106-tone DRU, the first pilot tone may be either -340 or -349, the second pilot tone may be either -176 or -167, the third pilot tone may be either 172 or 163, and the fourth pilot tone may be either 336 or 345. Of the four pilot tones for the fourth 106-tone DRU, the first pilot tone may be either -339 or -348, the second pilot tone may be either -175 or -166, the third pilot tone may be either 173 or 164, and the fourth pilot tone may be either 337 or 346. Of the four pilot tones for the fifth 106-tone DRU, the first pilot tone may be either -337 or -346, the second pilot tone may be either -173 or -164, the third pilot tone may be either 175 or 166, and the fourth pilot tone may be either 339 or 348. Of the four pilot tones for the sixth 106-tone DRU, the first pilot tone may be either -336 or -345, the second pilot tone may be either -172 or -163, the third pilot tone may be either 176 or 167, and the fourth pilot tone may be either 340 or 349.Of the four pilot tones for the seventh 106-tone DRU, the first pilot tone may be either -335 or -344, the second pilot tone may be either -162 or -171, the third pilot tone may be either 177 or 168, and the fourth pilot tone may be either 350 or 341. Of the four pilot tones for the eighth 106-tone DRU, the first pilot tone may be either -334 or -343, the second pilot tone may be either -161 or -170, the third pilot tone may be either 178 or 169, and the fourth pilot tone may be either 351 or 342.

[0493] For example, the first 242-tone DRU may include a ninth group corresponding to the subcarriers contained in the first 106-tone DRU, the fifth 106-tone DRU, and the fifth 26-tone DRU, as well as four of the other sixteen null subcarriers. The second 242-tone DRU may include a tenth group corresponding to the subcarriers contained in the second 106-tone DRU, the sixth 106-tone DRU, and the fourteenth 26-tone DRU, as well as four of the other sixteen null subcarriers. The third 242-tone DRU may include an eleventh group corresponding to the subcarriers contained in the third 106-tone DRU, the seventh 106-tone DRU, and the twenty-third 26-tone DRU, as well as four of the other sixteen null subcarriers. The fourth 242-tone DRU may include the subcarriers contained in the fourth 106-tone DRU, the eighth 106-tone DRU, and the 32nd 26-tone DRU, as well as a 12th group corresponding to four other null subcarriers out of the other sixteen.

[0494] Here, if the indices of the other 16 null subcarriers are -500, -393, -366, -259, -253, -146, -119, -12, 12, 119, 146, 253, 259, 366, 393, and 500, then one of the 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th groups of null subcarriers may include subcarrier indices -500, -253, 12, and 259; another may include subcarrier indices -393, -146, 119, and 366; yet another may include subcarrier indices -366, -119, 146, and 393; and the remaining one may include subcarrier indices -259, -12, 253, and 500.

[0495] In this case, of the eight pilot tones for the first 242-tone DRU, the first pilot tone may be -411, -407, or -402; the second pilot tone may be -309 or -308; the third pilot tone may be -211 or -207; the fourth pilot tone may be -117, -113, or -108; the fifth pilot tone may be 101, 105, or 110; the sixth pilot tone may be 203 or 204; the seventh pilot tone may be 301 or 305; and the eighth pilot tone may be 395, 399, or 404. Of the eight pilot tones for the second 242-tone DRU, the first pilot tone may be -406, -410, or -401; the second pilot tone may be -307 or -303; the third pilot tone may be -206 or -210; the fourth pilot tone may be -112, -109, or -107; the fifth pilot tone may be 106, 102, or 111; the sixth pilot tone may be 205 or 209; the seventh pilot tone may be 306 or 302; and the eighth pilot tone may be 400, 403, or 405. Of the eight pilot tones for the third 242-tone DRU, the first pilot tone may be -400, -403, or -405; the second pilot tone may be -306 or -302; the third pilot tone may be -205 or -209; the fourth pilot tone may be -106, -111, or -102; the fifth pilot tone may be 112, 107, or 109; the sixth pilot tone may be 206 or 210; the seventh pilot tone may be 307 or 303; and the eighth pilot tone may be 406, 401, or 410.Of the eight pilot tones for the fourth 242-tone DRU, the first pilot tone may be -395, -399, or -404; the second pilot tone may be -301 or -305; the third pilot tone may be -203 or -204; the fourth pilot tone may be -101, -110, or -105; the fifth pilot tone may be 117, 108, or 113; the sixth pilot tone may be 211 or 207; the seventh pilot tone may be 309 or 308; and the eighth pilot tone may be 411, 402, or 407.

[0496] For example, the first 484-tone DRU may include subcarriers contained in the first 242-tone DRU and the third 242-tone DRU. The second 484-tone DRU may include subcarriers contained in the second 242-tone DRU and the fourth 242-tone DRU.

[0497] In this case, of the 16 pilot tones for the first 484-tone DRU, the first pilot tone is either -449 or -446, the second pilot tone is either -396 or -393, the third pilot tone is either -342 or -340, the fourth pilot tone is either -288 or -286, the fifth pilot tone is either -229 or -227, the sixth pilot tone is either -174 or -173, the seventh pilot tone is either -119 or -118, and the eighth pilot tone is either -449 or -346. The first pilot tone may be either -66 or -64, the ninth pilot tone may be either 63 or 66, the tenth pilot tone may be either 116 or 119, the eleventh pilot tone may be either 170 or 172, the twelfth pilot tone may be either 224 or 226, the thirteenth pilot tone may be either 283 or 285, the fourteenth pilot tone may be either 338 or 339, the fifteenth pilot tone may be either 393 or 394, and the sixteenth pilot tone may be either 446 or 448. Of the 16 pilot tones for the second 484-tone DRU, the first pilot tone is either -446 or -448, the second pilot tone is either -393 or -394, the third pilot tone is either -338 or -339, the fourth pilot tone is either -283 or -285, the fifth pilot tone is either -224 or -226, the sixth pilot tone is either -170 or -172, the seventh pilot tone is either -116 or -119, and the eighth pilot tone The first pilot tone may be either -63 or -66, the ninth pilot tone may be either 66 or 64, the tenth pilot tone may be either 119 or 118, the eleventh pilot tone may be either 174 or 173, the twelfth pilot tone may be either 229 or 227, the thirteenth pilot tone may be either 288 or 286, the fourteenth pilot tone may be either 342 or 340, the fifteenth pilot tone may be either 396 or 393, and the sixteenth pilot tone may be either 449 or 446.

[0498] The 16 pilot tones included in the first 484-tone DRU and the 16 pilot tones included in the second 484-tone DRU do not need to overlap.

[0499] The DRU tone plans and pilot tones shown above are illustrative examples, and the tones / subcarriers and pilot tones / subcarriers included in the 26-tone DRU, 52-tone DRU, 106-tone DRU, 242-tone DRU, and 484-tone DRU may be defined by various other examples described later.

[0500] In step S1320, the first STA can transmit PPDUs to one or more second STAs over a bandwidth including an 80 MHz channel.

[0501] One or more DRUs may be specified based on the RU allocation information contained in the PPDU. For example, the PPDU may be a downlink PPDU (or DL-OFDMA PPDU).

[0502] Alternatively, one or more DRUs may be indicated based on RU assignment information contained in the trigger frame that triggers the transmission of the PPDU. For example, the PPDU may be a TB PPDU (or UL-OFDMA PPDU).

[0503] The method illustrated in the example in Figure 13 may be performed by the first device 100 in Figure 1. For example, one or more processors 102 of the first device 100 in Figure 1 may be configured to generate a PPDU containing one or more fields mapped onto one or more DRUs, and to transmit the PPDU to one or more second STAs over a bandwidth including an 80 MHz channel. Furthermore, one or more memories 104 of the first device 100 may store instructions for performing the method illustrated in Figure 13 or in the examples described later, when executed by one or more processors 102.

[0504] Figure 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of the DRU tone plan and pilot tone-based PPDU transmission method of the second STA relating to this disclosure.

[0505] In step S1410, the second STA can receive a PPDU from the first STA that includes one or more fields on a bandwidth including an 80 MHz channel.

[0506] In step S1420, the second STA can decode one or more fields mapped onto one or more DRUs.

[0507] For example, the second STA can determine, based on the RU assignment information contained in the PPDU, or based on the RU assignment information contained in the trigger frame that triggers the transmission of the PPDU, the number and location of the tones / subcarriers of one or more DRUs to which one or more fields (e.g., data fields) in the PPDU transmitted by the first STA are mapped, and the number and location of the pilot tones / subcarriers. Based on this, the second STA can decode one or more fields mapped to the one or more DRUs.

[0508] The various sizes (or number of tones / subcarriers) and locations of one or more DRUs are the same as those described in the example in Figure 13, and therefore, a redundant explanation is omitted.

[0509] The method illustrated in the example in Figure 14 may be performed by the second device 200 in Figure 1. For example, one or more processors 202 of the second device 200 in Figure 1 may be configured to receive a PPDU containing one or more fields on a bandwidth including an 80 MHz channel from the first STA and to decode the one or more fields mapped onto one or more DRUs. Furthermore, one or more memories 204 of the second device 200 may store instructions for performing the method illustrated in Figure 14 or in the examples described later, when executed by one or more processors 202.

[0510] The examples in Figures 13 and 14 may correspond to some of the various examples in this disclosure. The various examples in this disclosure, including those in Figures 13 and 14, will be described in more detail below.

[0511] Example 6

[0512] This embodiment relates to the position of the pilot tone in DRUs of various sizes for 80 MHz transmission.

[0513] The various examples of pilot positions described later may be applied to the 26-tone DRU based on Examples 1-1 and 1-2, respectively, and to larger-sized DRUs based thereon. For example, Example 6-1 may correspond to a configuration in which pilot tones are uniformly distributed within each size of DRU. Example 6-2 may correspond to a configuration in which pilot tones are uniformly distributed within each size of DRU in even-numbered index tones. Example 6-3 may correspond to a configuration in which pilot tones are uniformly distributed within the 26-tone DRU, and the larger-sized DRU includes the positions of the pilot tones within the 26-tone DRU. Example 6-4 may correspond to a configuration in which pilot tones are uniformly distributed within the 26-tone DRU in even-numbered index tones, and the larger-sized DRU includes the positions of the pilot tones within the 26-tone DRU.

[0514] In the following explanation, when displaying the subcarrier index indicating the pilot tone position, a / b / c represents a, b, or c. Also, {a / b,c} represents {a,c} or {b,c}. Also, {a / b,c / d} represents {a,c} or {a,d} or {b,c} or {b,d}. Also, {a / b,c,d / e} represents {a,c,d} or {a,c,e} or {b,c,d} or {b,c,e}. Also, +-{a,b} represents {a,b} and {-a,-b}. Also, +-a / b represents {a,-a} or {b,-b}.

[0515] Example 1-1 Base pilot tone position

[0516] Example 1-1 relates to a scheme in which one subcarrier is assigned to each of 36 26-tone DRUs in order from the lowest available subcarrier to the highest available subcarrier. For each of the 26-tone DRUs of Example 1-1 and the larger-sized DRUs based thereon, an example of the pilot tone position according to a scheme in which the pilot tone is uniformly distributed (Example 6-1) is as follows.

[0517] 26 Tone DRU-1: -277, 235

[0518] 26-tone DRU-2: -276, 236

[0519] 26-tone DRU-3: -275, 237

[0520] 26-tone DRU-4: -274, 238

[0521] 26-tone DRU-5: -273, 239

[0522] 26-tone DRU-6: -272, 240

[0523] 26-tone DRU-7: -271, 241

[0524] 26-tone DRU-8: -270, 242

[0525] 26-tone DRU-9: -269, 243

[0526] 26-tone DRU-10: -268, 244

[0527] 26-tone DRU-11: -267, 245

[0528] 26-tone DRU-12: -266, 246

[0529] 26-tone DRU-13: -265, 247

[0530] 26-tone DRU-14: -264, 248

[0531] 26-tone DRU-15: -263, 249

[0532] 26-tone DRU-16: -262, 250

[0533] 26-tone DRU-17: -261, 251

[0534] 26-tone DRU-18: -260, 252

[0535] 26-tone DRU-19: -252, 260

[0536] 26-tone DRU-20: -251, 261

[0537] 26 Tone DRU-21: -250, 262

[0538] 26-tone DRU-22: -249, 263

[0539] 26 Tone DRU-23: -248, 264

[0540] 26 Tone DRU-24: -247, 265

[0541] 26-tone DRU-25: -246, 266

[0542] 26-tone DRU-26: -245, 267

[0543] 26-tone DRU-27: -244, 268

[0544] 26-tone DRU-28: -243, 269

[0545] 26-tone DRU-29: -242, 270

[0546] 26-tone DRU-30: -241, 271

[0547] 26-tone DRU-31: -240, 272

[0548] 26-tone DRU-32: -239, 273

[0549] 26-tone DRU-33: -238, 274

[0550] 26-tone DRU-34: -237, 275

[0551] 26-tone DRU-35: -236, 276

[0552] 26-tone DRU-36: -235, 277

[0553] 52 Tones DRU-1: -351, -178, 161, 334

[0554] 52 Tone DRU-2: -350, -177, 162, 335

[0555] 52 Tones DRU-3: -349, -176, 163, 336

[0556] 52-tone DRU-4: -348, -175, 164, 337

[0557] 52 Tones DRU-5: -346, -173, 166, 339

[0558] 52-tone DRU-6: -345, -172, 167, 340

[0559] 52-tone DRU-7: -344, -171, 168, 341

[0560] 52-tone DRU-8: -343, -170, 169, 342

[0561] 52-tone DRU-9: -342, -169, 170, 343

[0562] 52-tone DRU-10: -341, -168, 171, 344

[0563] 52-tone DRU-11: -340, -167, 172, 345

[0564] 52-tone DRU-12: -339, -166, 173, 346

[0565] 52-tone DRU-13: -337, -164, 175, 348

[0566] 52-tone DRU-14: -336, -163, 176, 349

[0567] 52 Tones DRU-15: -335, -162, 177, 350

[0568] 52 Tones DRU-16: -334, -161, 178, 351

[0569] 106 Tones DRU-1: -351 / -342, -178 / -169, 161 / 170, 334 / 343

[0570] 106 Tones DRU-2: -350 / -341, -177 / -168, 162 / 171, 335 / 344

[0571] 106-tone DRU-3: -340 / -349, -176 / -167, 172 / 163, 336 / 345

[0572] 106-tone DRU-4: -339 / -348, -175 / -166, 173 / 164, 337 / 346

[0573] 106-tone DRU-5: -337 / -346, -173 / -164, 175 / 166, 339 / 348

[0574] 106-tone DRU-6: -336 / -345, -172 / -163, 176 / 167, 340 / 349

[0575] 106-tone DRU-7: -335 / -344, -162 / -171, 177 / 168, 350 / 341

[0576] 106-tone DRU-8: -334 / -343, -161 / -170, 178 / 169, 351 / 342

[0577] 242 Tones DRU-1: -411 / -407 / -402, -309 / -308, -211 / -207, -117 / -113 / -108, 101 / 105 / 110, 203 / 204, 301 / 305, 395 / 399 / 404

[0578] 242 Tones DRU-2: -406 / -410 / -401, -307 / -303, -206 / -210, -112 / -109 / -107, 106 / 102 / 111, 205 / 209, 306 / 302, 400 / 403 / 405

[0579] 242-tone DRU-3: -400 / -403 / -405, -306 / -302, -205 / -209, -106 / -111 / -102, 112 / 107 / 109, 206 / 210, 307 / 303, 406 / 401 / 410

[0580] 242-tone DRU-4: -395 / -399 / -404, -301 / -305, -203 / -204, -101 / -110 / -105, 117 / 108 / 113, 211 / 207, 309 / 308, 411 / 402 / 407

[0581] 484 Tones DRU-1: -449 / -446, -396 / -393, -342 / -340, -288 / -286, -229 / -227, -174 / -173, -119 / -118, -66 / -64, 63 / 66, 116 / 119, 170 / 172, 224 / 226, 283 / 285, 338 / 339, 393 / 394, 446 / 448

[0582] 484 Tones DRU-2: -446 / -448, -393 / -394, -338 / -339, -283 / -285, -224 / -226, -170 / -172, -116 / -119, -63 / -66, 66 / 64, 119 / 118, 174 / 173, 229 / 227, 288 / 286, 342 / 340, 396 / 393, 449 / 446

[0583] In the examples of this disclosure, the same pilot tones do not have to be included in different DRUs of the same size. For example, the 16 pilot tones included in 484-tone DRU-1 and the 16 pilot tones included in 484-tone DRU-2 do not have to overlap. For example, assuming that the pilot tones of 484-tone DRU-1 are a / b, c / d, ... and the pilot tones of 484-tone DRU-2 are b / e, d / f, ... then i) 484-tone DRU-1 may include pilot tones a, c, ... and 484-tone DRU-2 may include pilot tones b, d, ... or ii) 484-tone DRU-1 may include pilot tones b, d, ... and 484-tone DRU-2 may include pilot tones e, f, ...

[0584] For each of the 26-tone DRU of Example 1-1 and the larger-sized DRU based thereon, the following are examples of pilot tone positions according to the method (Example 6-2) in which the pilot tone is uniformly distributed in the even-numbered index tones.

[0585] 26-tone DRU-1: -234, 278

[0586] 26-tone DRU-2: -276, 236

[0587] 26-tone DRU-3: -232, 280

[0588] 26-tone DRU-4: -274, 238

[0589] 26-tone DRU-5: -230, 282

[0590] 26-tone DRU-6: -272, 240

[0591] 26-tone DRU-7: -228, 284

[0592] 26-tone DRU-8: -270, 242

[0593] 26-tone DRU-9: -226, 286

[0594] 26-tone DRU-10: -268, 244

[0595] 26-tone DRU-11: -224, 288

[0596] 26-tone DRU-12: -266, 246

[0597] 26-tone DRU-13: -222, 290

[0598] 26-tone DRU-14: -264, 248

[0599] 26-tone DRU-15: -220, 292

[0600] 26-tone DRU-16: -262, 250

[0601] 26-tone DRU-17: -218, 294

[0602] 26-tone DRU-18: -260, 252

[0603] 26-tone DRU-19: -252, 260

[0604] 26-tone DRU-20: -294, 218

[0605] 26 Tone DRU-21: -250, 262

[0606] 26-tone DRU-22: -292, 220

[0607] 26 Tone DRU-23: -248, 264

[0608] 26-tone DRU-24: -290, 222

[0609] 26-tone DRU-25: -246, 266

[0610] 26-tone DRU-26: -288, 224

[0611] 26-tone DRU-27: -244, 268

[0612] 26-tone DRU-28: -286, 226

[0613] 26-tone DRU-29: -242, 270

[0614] 26-tone DRU-30: -284, 228

[0615] 26-tone DRU-31: -240, 272

[0616] 26-tone DRU-32: -282, 230

[0617] 26-tone DRU-33: -238, 274

[0618] 26-tone DRU-34: -280, 232

[0619] 26-tone DRU-35: -236, 276

[0620] 26-tone DRU-36: -278, 234

[0621] 52-tone DRU-1: -370, -178, 142, 334

[0622] 52 Tone DRU-2: -350, -140, 162, 372

[0623] 52-tone DRU-3: -368, -176, 144, 336

[0624] 52-tone DRU-4: -348, -138, 164, 374

[0625] 52-tone DRU-5: -346, -136, 166, 376

[0626] 52-tone DRU-6: -382, -172, 130, 340

[0627] 52-tone DRU-7: -344, -134, 168, 378

[0628] 52-tone DRU-8: -380, -170, 132, 342

[0629] 52-tone DRU-9: -342, -132, 170, 380

[0630] 52-tone DRU-10: -378, -168, 134, 344

[0631] 52 Tones DRU-11: -340, -130, 172, 382

[0632] 52-tone DRU-12: -376, -166, 136, 346

[0633] 52-tone DRU-13: -374, -164, 138, 348

[0634] 52-tone DRU-14: -336, -144, 176, 368

[0635] 52-tone DRU-15: -372, -162, 140, 350

[0636] 52-tone DRU-16: -334, -142, 178, 370

[0637] 106-tone DRU-1: -360 / -342, -178 / -160, 152 / 170, 334 / 352

[0638] 106-tone DRU-2: -350 / -332, -186 / -168, 162 / 180, 326 / 344

[0639] 106-tone DRU-3: -340 / -358, -176 / -158, 172 / 154, 336 / 354

[0640] 106-tone DRU-4: -330 / -348, -184 / -166, 182 / 164, 328 / 346

[0641] 106-tone DRU-5: -328 / -346, -182 / -164, 184 / 166, 330 / 348

[0642] 106-tone DRU-6: -336 / -354, -172 / -154, 176 / 158, 340 / 358

[0643] 106-tone DRU-7: -326 / -344, -162 / -180, 186 / 168, 350 / 332

[0644] 106-tone DRU-8: -334 / -352, -152 / -170, 178 / 160, 360 / 342

[0645] 242-tone DRU-1: -416 / -402, -308, -216 / -202, -118 / -108, 96 / 110, 204, 296 / 310, 394 / 404

[0646] 242-tone DRU-2: -406 / -410, -314 / -300, -206 / -210, -112, 106 / 102, 198 / 212, 306 / 302, 400

[0647] 242-tone DRU-3: -400, -306 / -302, -198 / -212, -106 / -102, 112, 206 / 210, 314 / 300, 406 / 410

[0648] 242-tone DRU-4: -394 / -404, -296 / -310, -204, -96 / -110, 118 / 108, 216 / 202, 308, 416 / 402

[0649] 484 Tones DRU-1: -452 / -446, -396 / -392, -342 / -340, -288 / -286, -230, -174, -118, -66 / -64, 60 / 66, 116 / 120, 170 / 172, 224 / 226, 282, 338, 394, 446 / 448

[0650] 484 Tones DRU-2: -446 / -448, -394, -338, -282, -224 / -226, -170 / -172, -116 / -120, -60 / -66, 66 / 64, 118, 174, 230, 288 / 286, 342 / 340, 396 / 392, 452 / 446

[0651] An example of the pilot tone position in the solution (Example 6-3) in which the pilot tone is uniformly distributed for the 26-tone DRU of Example 1-1, and the larger-sized DRU includes the position of the pilot tone within the 26-tone DRU, is as follows.

[0652] 26 Tone DRU-1: -277, 235

[0653] 26-tone DRU-2: -276, 236

[0654] 26-tone DRU-3: -275, 237

[0655] 26-tone DRU-4: -274, 238

[0656] 26-tone DRU-5: -273, 239

[0657] 26-tone DRU-6: -272, 240

[0658] 26-tone DRU-7: -271, 241

[0659] 26-tone DRU-8: -270, 242

[0660] 26-tone DRU-9: -269, 243

[0661] 26-tone DRU-10: -268, 244

[0662] 26-tone DRU-11: -267, 245

[0663] 26-tone DRU-12: -266, 246

[0664] 26-tone DRU-13: -265, 247

[0665] 26-tone DRU-14: -264, 248

[0666] 26-tone DRU-15: -263, 249

[0667] 26-tone DRU-16: -262, 250

[0668] 26-tone DRU-17: -261, 251

[0669] 26-tone DRU-18: -260, 252

[0670] 26-tone DRU-19: -252, 260

[0671] 26-tone DRU-20: -251, 261

[0672] 26 Tone DRU-21: -250, 262

[0673] 26-tone DRU-22: -249, 263

[0674] 26 Tone DRU-23: -248, 264

[0675] 26 Tone DRU-24: -247, 265

[0676] 26-tone DRU-25: -246, 266

[0677] 26-tone DRU-26: -245, 267

[0678] 26-tone DRU-27: -244, 268

[0679] 26-tone DRU-28: -243, 269

[0680] 26-tone DRU-29: -242, 270

[0681] 26-tone DRU-30: -241, 271

[0682] 26-tone DRU-31: -240, 272

[0683] 26-tone DRU-32: -239, 273

[0684] 26-tone DRU-33: -238, 274

[0685] 26-tone DRU-34: -237, 275

[0686] 26-tone DRU-35: -236, 276

[0687] 26-tone DRU-36: -235, 277

[0688] 52 Tone DRU-1: -277, -252, 235, 260

[0689] 52 Tone DRU-2: -276, -251, 236, 261

[0690] 52 Tones DRU-3: -275, -250, 237, 262

[0691] 52 Tone DRU-4: -274, -249, 238, 263

[0692] 52 Tones DRU-5: -272, -247, 240, 265

[0693] 52 Tones DRU-6: -271, -246, 241, 266

[0694] 52-tone DRU-7: -270, -245, 242, 267

[0695] 52-tone DRU-8: -269, -244, 243, 268

[0696] 52 Tones DRU-9: -268, -243, 244, 269

[0697] 52 Tones DRU-10: -267, -242, 245, 270

[0698] 52-tone DRU-11: -266, -241, 246, 271

[0699] 52 Tones DRU-12: -265, -240, 247, 272

[0700] 52 Tones DRU-13: -263, -238, 249, 274

[0701] 52-tone DRU-14: -262, -237, 250, 275

[0702] 52 Tones DRU-15: -261, -236, 251, 276

[0703] 52-tone DRU-16: -260, -235, 252, 277

[0704] 106 Tones DRU-1: -277 / -268, -252 / -243, 235 / 244, 260 / 269

[0705] 106-tone DRU-2: -276 / -267, -251 / -242, 236 / 245, 261 / 270

[0706] 106-tone DRU-3: -275 / -266, -250 / -241, 237 / 246, 262 / 271

[0707] 106-tone DRU-4: -274 / -265, -249 / -240, 238 / 247, 263 / 272

[0708] 106 Tones DRU-5: -272 / -263, -247 / -238, 240 / 249, 265 / 274

[0709] 106-tone DRU-6: -271 / -262, -246 / -237, 241 / 250, 266 / 275

[0710] 106-tone DRU-7: -270 / -261, -245 / -236, 242 / 251, 267 / 276

[0711] 106-tone DRU-8: -269 / -260, -244 / -235, 243 / 252, 268 / 277

[0712] 242-tone DRU-1: -277 / -268, -272 / -263, -252 / -243, -247 / -238, 235 / 244, 240 / 249, 260 / 269, 265 / 274

[0713] 242-tone DRU-2: -276 / -267, -271 / -262, -251 / -242, -246 / -237, 236 / 245, 241 / 250, 261 / 270, 266 / 275

[0714] 242-tone DRU-3: -275 / -266, -270 / -261, -250 / -241, -245 / -236, 237 / 246, 242 / 251, 262 / 271, 267 / 276

[0715] 242-tone DRU-4: -274 / -265, -269 / -260, -249 / -240, -244 / -235, 238 / 247, 243 / 252, 263 / 272, 268 / 277

[0716] 484 Tones DRU-1: -277 / -268, -275 / -266, -272 / -263, -270 / -261, -252 / -243, -250 / -241, -247 / -238, -245 / -236, 235 / 244, 237 / 246, 240 / 249, 242 / 251, 260 / 269, 262 / 271, 265 / 274, 267 / 276

[0717] 484 Tones DRU-2: -276 / -267, -274 / -265, -271 / -262, -269 / -260, -251 / -242, -249 / -240, -246 / -237, -244 / -235, 236 / 245, 238 / 247, 241 / 250, 243 / 252, 261 / 270, 263 / 272, 266 / 275, 268 / 277

[0718] For the 26-tone DRU of Example 1-1, the pilot tone is uniformly distributed in the even-numbered index tones, and the larger-sized DRU includes the position of the pilot tone within the 26-tone DRU (Example 6-4). An example of the pilot tone position is as follows:

[0719] 26-tone DRU-1: -234, 278

[0720] 26-tone DRU-2: -276, 236

[0721] 26-tone DRU-3: -232, 280

[0722] 26-tone DRU-4: -274, 238

[0723] 26-tone DRU-5: -230, 282

[0724] 26-tone DRU-6: -272, 240

[0725] 26-tone DRU-7: -228, 284

[0726] 26-tone DRU-8: -270, 242

[0727] 26-tone DRU-9: -226, 286

[0728] 26-tone DRU-10: -268, 244

[0729] 26-tone DRU-11: -224, 288

[0730] 26-tone DRU-12: -266, 246

[0731] 26-tone DRU-13: -222, 290

[0732] 26-tone DRU-14: -264, 248

[0733] 26-tone DRU-15: -220, 292

[0734] 26-tone DRU-16: -262, 250

[0735] 26-tone DRU-17: -218, 294

[0736] 26-tone DRU-18: -260, 252

[0737] 26-tone DRU-19: -252, 260

[0738] 26-tone DRU-20: -294, 218

[0739] 26 Tone DRU-21: -250, 262

[0740] 26-tone DRU-22: -292, 220

[0741] 26 Tone DRU-23: -248, 264

[0742] 26-tone DRU-24: -290, 222

[0743] 26-tone DRU-25: -246, 266

[0744] 26-tone DRU-26: -288, 224

[0745] 26-tone DRU-27: -244, 268

[0746] 26-tone DRU-28: -286, 226

[0747] 26-tone DRU-29: -242, 270

[0748] 26-tone DRU-30: -284, 228

[0749] 26-tone DRU-31: -240, 272

[0750] 26-tone DRU-32: -282, 230

[0751] 26-tone DRU-33: -238, 274

[0752] 26-tone DRU-34: -280, 232

[0753] 26-tone DRU-35: -236, 276

[0754] 26-tone DRU-36: -278, 234

[0755] 52 Tone DRU-1: -234, -252, 278, 260

[0756] 52 Tone DRU-2: -276, -294, 236, 218

[0757] 52 Tone DRU-3: -232, -250, 280, 262

[0758] 52 Tone DRU-4: -274, -292, 238, 220

[0759] 52 Tone DRU-5: -272, -290, 240, 222

[0760] 52-tone DRU-6: -228, -246, 284, 266

[0761] 52-tone DRU-7: -270, -288, 242, 224

[0762] 52-tone DRU-8: -226, -244, 286, 268

[0763] 52 Tones DRU-9: -268, -286, 244, 226

[0764] 52 Tones DRU-10: -224, -242, 288, 270

[0765] 52 Tones DRU-11: -266, -284, 246, 228

[0766] 52 Tones DRU-12: -222, -240, 290, 272

[0767] 52 Tones DRU-13: -220, -238, 292, 274

[0768] 52 Tones DRU-14: -262, -280, 250, 232

[0769] 52 Tones DRU-15: -218, -236, 294, 276

[0770] 52 Tones DRU-16: -260, -278, 252, 234

[0771] 106 Tones DRU-1: -234 / -268, -252 / -286, 278 / 244, 260 / 226

[0772] 106-tone DRU-2: -276 / -224, -294 / -242, 236 / 288, 218 / 270

[0773] 106-tone DRU-3: -232 / -266, -250 / -284, 280 / 246, 262 / 228

[0774] 106-tone DRU-4: -274 / -222, -292 / -240, 238 / 290, 220 / 272

[0775] 106-tone DRU-5: -272 / -220, -290 / -238, 240 / 292, 222 / 274

[0776] 106-tone DRU-6: -228 / -262, -246 / -280, 284 / 250, 266 / 232

[0777] 106-tone DRU-7: -270 / -218, -288 / -236, 242 / 294, 224 / 276

[0778] 106-tone DRU-8: -226 / -260, -244 / -278, 286 / 252, 268 / 234

[0779] 242-tone DRU-1: -234 / -268, -272 / -220, -252 / -286, -290 / -238, 278 / 244, 240 / 292, 260 / 226, 222 / 274

[0780] 242-tone DRU-2: -276 / -224, -228 / -262, -294 / -242, -246 / -280, 236 / 288, 284 / 250, 218 / 270, 266 / 232

[0781] 242-tone DRU-3: -232 / -266, -270 / -218, -250 / -284, -288 / -236, 280 / 246, 242 / 294, 262 / 228, 224 / 276

[0782] 242-tone DRU-4: -274 / -222, -226 / -260, -292 / -240, -244 / -278, 238 / 290, 286 / 252, 220 / 272, 268 / 234

[0783] 484 Tones DRU-1: -234 / -268, -232 / -266, -272 / -220, -270 / -218, -252 / -286, -250 / -284, -290 / -238, -288 / -236, 278 / 244, 280 / 246, 240 / 292, 242 / 294, 260 / 226, 262 / 228, 222 / 274, 224 / 276

[0784] 484 Tones DRU-2: -276 / -224, -274 / -222, -228 / -262, -226 / -260, -294 / -242, -292 / -240, -246 / -280, -244 / -278, 236 / 288, 238 / 290, 284 / 250, 286 / 252, 218 / 270, 220 / 272, 266 / 232, 268 / 234

[0785] Example 1-2 Base pilot tone position

[0786] Examples 1-2 relate to a method of assigning one subcarrier to each of 36 26-tone DRUs in order from the lowest available subcarrier to the highest available subcarrier below the DC subcarrier (i.e., subcarriers with negative indices), and then assigning subcarriers corresponding to mirror symmetry with respect to the assigned subcarriers and DC subcarriers (i.e., subcarriers with positive indices) to the 26-tone DRUs containing the assigned subcarriers. For each of the 26-tone DRUs of Examples 1-2 and the larger-sized DRUs based thereon, an example of the pilot tone position according to a method (Example 6-1) in which the pilot tone is uniformly distributed is as follows.

[0787] 26-tone DRU-1: ±277

[0788] 26-tone DRU-2: ±276

[0789] 26-tone DRU-3: ±275

[0790] 26-tone DRU-4: ±274

[0791] 26-tone DRU-5: ±273

[0792] 26-tone DRU-6: ±272

[0793] 26-tone DRU-7: ±271

[0794] 26-tone DRU-8: ±270

[0795] 26-tone DRU-9: ±269

[0796] 26-tone DRU-10: ±268

[0797] 26-tone DRU-11: ±267

[0798] 26-tone DRU-12: ±266

[0799] 26-tone DRU-13: ±265

[0800] 26-tone DRU-14: ±264

[0801] 26-tone DRU-15: ±263

[0802] 26-tone DRU-16: ±262

[0803] 26-tone DRU-17: ±261

[0804] 26-tone DRU-18: ±260

[0805] 26-tone DRU-19: ±252

[0806] 26-tone DRU-20: ±251

[0807] 26-tone DRU-21: ±250

[0808] 26-tone DRU-22: ±249

[0809] 26-tone DRU-23: ±248

[0810] 26-tone DRU-24: ±247

[0811] 26-tone DRU-25: ±246

[0812] 26-tone DRU-26: ±245

[0813] 26-tone DRU-27: ±244

[0814] 26-tone DRU-28: ±243

[0815] 26-tone DRU-29: ±242

[0816] 26-tone DRU-30: ±241

[0817] 26-tone DRU-31: ±240

[0818] 26-tone DRU-32: ±239

[0819] 26-tone DRU-33: ±238

[0820] 26-tone DRU-34: ±237

[0821] 26-tone DRU-35: ±236

[0822] 26-tone DRU-36: ±235

[0823] 52-tone DRU-1: ±{351,178}

[0824] 52-tone DRU-2: ±{350,177}

[0825] 52-tone DRU-3: ±{349,176}

[0826] 52-tone DRU-4: ±{348,175}

[0827] 52-tone DRU-5: ±{346,173}

[0828] 52-tone DRU-6: ±{345,172}

[0829] 52-tone DRU-7: ±{344,171}

[0830] 52-tone DRU-8: ±{343,170}

[0831] 52-tone DRU-9: ±{342,169}

[0832] 52-tone DRU-10: ±{341,168}

[0833] 52-tone DRU-11: ±{340,167}

[0834] 52-tone DRU-12: ±{339,166}

[0835] 52-tone DRU-13: ±{337,164}

[0836] 52-tone DRU-14: ±{336,163}

[0837] 52-tone DRU-15: ±{335,162}

[0838] 52-tone DRU-16: ±{334,161}

[0839] 106-tone DRU-1: ±{351 / 342, 178 / 169}

[0840] 106-tone DRU-2: ±{350 / 341, 177 / 168}

[0841] 106-tone DRU-3: ±{340 / 349, 176 / 167}

[0842] 106-tone DRU-4: ±{339 / 348, 175 / 166}

[0843] 106-tone DRU-5: ±{337 / 346, 173 / 164}

[0844] 106-tone DRU-6: ±{336 / 345, 172 / 163}

[0845] 106-tone DRU-7: ±{335 / 344, 162 / 171}

[0846] 106-tone DRU-8: ±{334 / 343, 161 / 170}

[0847] 242-tone DRU-1: +-{411 / 407 / 402, 309 / 308, 211 / 207, 117 / 113 / 108}

[0848] 242-tone DRU-2: ±{406 / 410 / 401, 307 / 303, 206 / 210, 112 / 109 / 107}

[0849] 242-tone DRU-3: ±{400 / 403 / 405, 306 / 302, 205 / 209, 106 / 111 / 102}

[0850] 242-tone DRU-4: ±{395 / 399 / 404, 301 / 305, 203 / 204, 101 / 110 / 105}

[0851] 484 tone DRU-1: +-{449 / 446, 396 / 393, 342 / 340, 288 / 286, 229 / 227, 174 / 173, 119 / 118, 66 / 64}

[0852] 484 tone DRU-2: +-{446 / 448, 393 / 394, 338 / 339, 283 / 285, 224 / 226, 170 / 172, 116 / 119, 63 / 66}

[0853] For each of the 26-tone DRUs of Examples 1-2 and the larger-sized DRUs based thereon, the following are examples of pilot tone positions according to the method (Example 6-2) in which the pilot tone is uniformly distributed in the even-numbered index tones.

[0854] 26-tone DRU-1: ±234

[0855] 26-tone DRU-2: ±276

[0856] 26-tone DRU-3: ±232

[0857] 26-tone DRU-4: ±274

[0858] 26-tone DRU-5: ±230

[0859] 26-tone DRU-6: ±272

[0860] 26-tone DRU-7: ±228

[0861] 26-tone DRU-8: ±270

[0862] 26-tone DRU-9: ±226

[0863] 26-tone DRU-10: ±268

[0864] 26-tone DRU-11: ±224

[0865] 26-tone DRU-12: ±266

[0866] 26-tone DRU-13: ±222

[0867] 26-tone DRU-14: ±264

[0868] 26-tone DRU-15: ±220

[0869] 26-tone DRU-16: ±262

[0870] 26-tone DRU-17: ±218

[0871] 26-tone DRU-18: ±260

[0872] 26-tone DRU-19: ±252

[0873] 26-tone DRU-20: ±294

[0874] 26-tone DRU-21: ±250

[0875] 26-tone DRU-22: ±292

[0876] 26-tone DRU-23: ±248

[0877] 26-tone DRU-24: ±290

[0878] 26-tone DRU-25: ±246

[0879] 26-tone DRU-26: ±288

[0880] 26-tone DRU-27: ±244

[0881] 26-tone DRU-28: ±286

[0882] 26-tone DRU-29: ±242

[0883] 26-tone DRU-30: ±284

[0884] 26-tone DRU-31: ±240

[0885] 26-tone DRU-32: ±282

[0886] 26-tone DRU-33: ±238

[0887] 26-tone DRU-34: ±280

[0888] 26-tone DRU-35: ±236

[0889] 26-tone DRU-36: ±278

[0890] 52-tone DRU-1: ±{370,178}

[0891] 52-tone DRU-2: ±{350,140}

[0892] 52-tone DRU-3: ±{368,176}

[0893] 52-tone DRU-4: ±{348,138}

[0894] 52-tone DRU-5: ±{346,136}

[0895] 52-tone DRU-6: ±{382,172}

[0896] 52-tone DRU-7: ±{344,134}

[0897] 52-tone DRU-8: ±{380,170}

[0898] 52-tone DRU-9: ±{342,132}

[0899] 52-tone DRU-10: ±{378,168}

[0900] 52-tone DRU-11: ±{340,130}

[0901] 52-tone DRU-12: ±{376,166}

[0902] 52-tone DRU-13: ±{374,164}

[0903] 52-tone DRU-14: ±{336,144}

[0904] 52-tone DRU-15: ±{372,162}

[0905] 52-tone DRU-16: ±{334,142}

[0906] 106-tone DRU-1: ±{360 / 342, 178 / 160}

[0907] 106-tone DRU-2: ±{350 / 332, 186 / 168}

[0908] 106-tone DRU-3: ±{340 / 358, 176 / 158}

[0909] 106-tone DRU-4: ±{330 / 348, 184 / 166}

[0910] 106-tone DRU-5: ±{328 / 346, 182 / 164}

[0911] 106-tone DRU-6: ±{336 / 354, 172 / 154}

[0912] 106-tone DRU-7: ±{326 / 344, 162 / 180}

[0913] 106-tone DRU-8: ±{334 / 352, 152 / 170}

[0914] 242-tone DRU-1: ±{416 / 402, 308, 216 / 202, 118 / 108}

[0915] 242-tone DRU-2: ±{406 / 410, 314 / 300, 206 / 210, 112}

[0916] 242 tone DRU-3: ±{400,306 / 302,198 / 212,106 / 102}

[0917] 242-tone DRU-4: ±{394 / 404, 296 / 310, 204, 96 / 110}

[0918] 484 tone DRU-1: +-{452 / 446, 396 / 392, 342 / 340, 288 / 286, 230, 174, 118, 66 / 64}

[0919] 484 tone DRU-2: +-{446 / 448, 394, 338, 282, 224 / 226, 170 / 172, 116 / 120, 60 / 66}

[0920] In the 26-tone DRU of Example 1-2, the pilot tone is uniformly distributed, and an example of the pilot tone position according to the solution (Example 6-3) in which the larger-sized DRU includes the position of the pilot tone within the 26-tone DRU is as follows.

[0921] 26-tone DRU-1: ±277

[0922] 26-tone DRU-2: ±276

[0923] 26-tone DRU-3: ±275

[0924] 26-tone DRU-4: ±274

[0925] 26-tone DRU-5: ±273

[0926] 26-tone DRU-6: ±272

[0927] 26-tone DRU-7: ±271

[0928] 26-tone DRU-8: ±270

[0929] 26-tone DRU-9: ±269

[0930] 26-tone DRU-10: ±268

[0931] 26-tone DRU-11: ±267

[0932] 26-tone DRU-12: ±266

[0933] 26-tone DRU-13: ±265

[0934] 26-tone DRU-14: ±264

[0935] 26-tone DRU-15: ±263

[0936] 26-tone DRU-16: ±262

[0937] 26-tone DRU-17: ±261

[0938] 26-tone DRU-18: ±260

[0939] 26-tone DRU-19: ±252

[0940] 26-tone DRU-20: ±251

[0941] 26-tone DRU-21: ±250

[0942] 26-tone DRU-22: ±249

[0943] 26-tone DRU-23: ±248

[0944] 26-tone DRU-24: ±247

[0945] 26-tone DRU-25: ±246

[0946] 26-tone DRU-26: ±245

[0947] 26-tone DRU-27: ±244

[0948] 26-tone DRU-28: ±243

[0949] 26-tone DRU-29: ±242

[0950] 26-tone DRU-30: ±241

[0951] 26-tone DRU-31: ±240

[0952] 26-tone DRU-32: ±239

[0953] 26-tone DRU-33: ±238

[0954] 26-tone DRU-34: ±237

[0955] 26-tone DRU-35: ±236

[0956] 26-tone DRU-36: ±235

[0957] 52-tone DRU-1: ±{277,252}

[0958] 52-tone DRU-2: ±{276,251}

[0959] 52-tone DRU-3: ±{275,250}

[0960] 52-tone DRU-4: ±{274,249}

[0961] 52-tone DRU-5: ±{272,247}

[0962] 52-tone DRU-6: ±{271,246}

[0963] 52-tone DRU-7: ±{270,245}

[0964] 52-tone DRU-8: ±{269,244}

[0965] 52-tone DRU-9: ±{268,243}

[0966] 52-tone DRU-10: ±{267,242}

[0967] 52-tone DRU-11: ±{266,241}

[0968] 52-tone DRU-12: ±{265,240}

[0969] 52-tone DRU-13: ±{263,238}

[0970] 52-tone DRU-14: ±{262,237}

[0971] 52-tone DRU-15: ±{261,236}

[0972] 52-tone DRU-16: ±{260,235}

[0973] 106 tone DRU-1: ±{277 / 268, 252 / 243}

[0974] 106-tone DRU-2: ±{276 / 267, 251 / 242}

[0975] 106 tone DRU-3: ±{275 / 266, 250 / 241}

[0976] 106-tone DRU-4: ±{274 / 265, 249 / 240}

[0977] 106-tone DRU-5: ±{272 / 263, 247 / 238}

[0978] 106-tone DRU-6: ±{271 / 262, 246 / 237}

[0979] 106-tone DRU-7: ±{270 / 261, 245 / 236}

[0980] 106-tone DRU-8: ±{269 / 260, 244 / 235}

[0981] 242 tone DRU-1: ±{277 / 268, 272 / 263, 252 / 243, 247 / 238}

[0982] 242 tone DRU-2: ±{276 / 267, 271 / 262, 251 / 242, 246 / 237}

[0983] 242 tone DRU-3: ±{275 / 266, 270 / 261, 250 / 241, 245 / 236}

[0984] 242 tone DRU-4: ±{274 / 265, 269 / 260, 249 / 240, 244 / 235}

[0985] 484 tone DRU-1: +-{277 / 268, 275 / 266, 272 / 263, 270 / 261, 252 / 243, 250 / 241, 247 / 238, 245 / 236}

[0986] 484 tone DRU-2: +-{276 / 267, 274 / 265, 271 / 262, 269 / 260, 251 / 242, 249 / 240, 246 / 237, 244 / 235}

[0987] For the 26-tone DRU of Example 1-2, the pilot tones are uniformly distributed in the even-numbered index tones, and an example of the pilot tone position according to the solution (Example 6-4) in which the larger-sized DRU includes the position of the pilot tone within the 26-tone DRU is as follows.

[0988] 26-tone DRU-1: ±234

[0989] 26-tone DRU-2: ±276

[0990] 26-tone DRU-3: ±232

[0991] 26-tone DRU-4: ±274

[0992] 26-tone DRU-5: ±230

[0993] 26-tone DRU-6: ±272

[0994] 26-tone DRU-7: ±228

[0995] 26-tone DRU-8: ±270

[0996] 26-tone DRU-9: ±226

[0997] 26-tone DRU-10: ±268

[0998] 26-tone DRU-11: ±224

[0999] 26-tone DRU-12: ±266

[1000] 26-tone DRU-13: ±222

[1001] 26-tone DRU-14: ±264

[1002] 26-tone DRU-15: ±220

[1003] 26-tone DRU-16: ±262

[1004] 26-tone DRU-17: ±218

[1005] 26-tone DRU-18: ±260

[1006] 26-tone DRU-19: ±252

[1007] 26-tone DRU-20: ±294

[1008] 26-tone DRU-21: ±250

[1009] 26-tone DRU-22: ±292

[1010] 26-tone DRU-23: ±248

[1011] 26-tone DRU-24: ±290

[1012] 26-tone DRU-25: ±246

[1013] 26-tone DRU-26: ±288

[1014] 26-tone DRU-27: ±244

[1015] 26-tone DRU-28: ±286

[1016] 26-tone DRU-29: ±242

[1017] 26-tone DRU-30: ±284

[1018] 26-tone DRU-31: ±240

[1019] 26-tone DRU-32: ±282

[1020] 26-tone DRU-33: ±238

[1021] 26-tone DRU-34: ±280

[1022] 26-tone DRU-35: ±236

[1023] 26-tone DRU-36: ±278

[1024] 52-tone DRU-1: ±{234,252}

[1025] 52-tone DRU-2: ±{276,294}

[1026] 52-tone DRU-3: ±{232,250}

[1027] 52-tone DRU-4: ±{274,292}

[1028] 52-tone DRU-5: ±{272,290}

[1029] 52-tone DRU-6: ±{228,246}

[1030] 52-tone DRU-7: ±{270,288}

[1031] 52-tone DRU-8: ±{226,244}

[1032] 52-tone DRU-9: ±{268,286}

[1033] 52-tone DRU-10: ±{224,242}

[1034] 52-tone DRU-11: ±{266,284}

[1035] 52-tone DRU-12: ±{222,240}

[1036] 52-tone DRU-13: ±{220,238}

[1037] 52-tone DRU-14: ±{262,280}

[1038] 52-tone DRU-15: ±{218,236}

[1039] 52-tone DRU-16: ±{260,278}

[1040] 106-tone DRU-1: ±{234 / -268, -252 / -286}

[1041] 106 tone DRU-2: ±{276 / 224, 294 / 242}

[1042] 106-tone DRU-3: ±{232 / 266, 250 / 284}

[1043] 106-tone DRU-4: ±{274 / 222, 292 / 240}

[1044] 106-tone DRU-5: ±{272 / 220, 290 / 238}

[1045] 106-tone DRU-6: ±{228 / 262, 246 / 280}

[1046] 106-tone DRU-7: ±{270 / 218, 288 / 236}

[1047] 106-tone DRU-8: ±{226 / 260, 244 / 278}

[1048] 242 tone DRU-1: ±{234 / 268, 272 / -220, -252 / -286, -290 / -238}

[1049] 242 tone DRU-2: ±{276 / 224, 228 / -262, -294 / -242, -246 / -280}

[1050] 242 tone DRU-3: ±{232 / 266, 270 / -218, -250 / -284, -288 / -236}

[1051] 242 tone DRU-4: ±{274 / 222, 226 / -260, -292 / -240, -244 / -278}

[1052] 484-tone DRU-1: +-{234 / 268, 232 / 266, 272 / 220, 270 / 218, 252 / 286, 250 / 284, 290 / 238, 288 / 236}

[1053] 484 tone DRU-2: +-{276 / 224, 274 / 222, 228 / 262, 226 / 260, 294 / 242, 292 / 240, 246 / 280, 244 / 278}

[1054] Example 6-1, with respect to the pilot position, ensures uniform distribution of pilot tones within the DRU, preventing pilot tones that do not overlap with 4x LTF (where an LTF coefficient is mapped to each subcarrier index). Example 6-2, because the pilot tones are limited to even-numbered index tones, is not as uniformly distributed as in Example 6-1, but it can prevent pilot tones that do not overlap with 1x LTF (where an LTF coefficient is mapped to each fourth subcarrier index) or 2x LTF tones (where an LTF coefficient is mapped to each second subcarrier index). In Examples 6-3 or 6-4, since a lower-sized DRU pilot tone is used as a higher-sized DRU pilot tone, the pilot tones may be biased towards a specific frequency range compared to Examples 6-1 or 6-2.

[1055] Unlike existing wireless LAN systems where only RRUs are applied, supporting the application of DRUs allows for increased resource utilization efficiency by transmitting / receiving one or more fields of a PPDU based on various sizes of DRU tone plans applicable to 80MHz bandwidth PPDUs according to this disclosure. Furthermore, by defining pilot tone positions in each DRU based on DRU tone positions, efficient and accurate channel estimation based on pilots can be achieved.

[1056] The embodiments described above are combinations of the components and features of the present disclosure in a predetermined form. Each component or feature should be considered optional unless otherwise explicitly mentioned. Each component or feature may be implemented in a form that does not combine with other components or features. It is also possible to combine some components and / or features to constitute embodiments of the present disclosure. The order of operations described in embodiments of the present disclosure may be changed. Some components or features of one embodiment may be included in other embodiments, or replaced by corresponding components or features of other embodiments. It is clear that claims that do not have an explicit reference relationship in the claims may be combined to constitute embodiments, or may be included as new claims by amendment after filing.

[1057] It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that this disclosure can be embodied in other specific forms, provided that the essential features of this disclosure are not deviated from. Therefore, the above-mentioned detailed description should not be constrained in any way and should be considered illustrative. The scope of this disclosure should be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the attached claims, and any modifications within the equivalent scope of this disclosure are included within the scope of this disclosure.

[1058] The scope of this disclosure includes software or machine-executable instructions (e.g., operating systems, applications, firmware, programs, etc.) that cause an apparatus or computer to perform operations according to the methods of various embodiments, and non-transitory computer-readable medium on which such software or instructions are stored and executable on the apparatus or computer. Instructions available for programming a processing system that performs the features described in this disclosure may be stored on / in a storage medium or computer-readable storage medium, and the features described in this disclosure may be embodied using a computer program product including such storage medium. The storage medium may include, but is not limited to, high-speed random-access memory such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM, or other random-access solid-state memory devices, and may include non-volatile memory such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state storage devices. Memory optionally includes one or more storage devices located remotely from the processor. Memory, or alternatively, non-volatile memory devices within memory, includes non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The features described in this disclosure may be stored on any one of the machine-readable media and integrated into software and / or firmware that can control the hardware of the processing system and cause the processing system to interact with other mechanisms that utilize the results relating to the embodiments of this disclosure. Such software or firmware may include, but is not limited to, application code, device drivers, operating systems and execution environments / containers.

[1059] [Industrial applicability] Although the method proposed in this disclosure has been described primarily in the context of its application to IEEE 802.11-based systems, it can be applied to a variety of other wireless LAN or wireless communication systems.

[1060] [Claims when filing an international application] [Claim 1] A method performed by a first station (STA) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, The steps include: generating a PPDU (physical layer protocol data unit) containing one or more fields; The aforementioned one or more fields are mapped onto one or more DRUs (distributed resource units), The process includes the step of transmitting the PPDU over a bandwidth including an 80 MHz channel to one or more second STAs; Based on the fact that one or more DRUs include a 26-tone DRU, the 26-tone DRU is one of 36 already defined 26-tone DRUs. The method wherein the pilot tone of each of the 36 already defined 26-tone DRUs is the seventh lowest subcarrier and the seventh highest subcarrier among the subcarriers contained in one 26-tone DRU. [Claim 2] Based on the fact that one or more DRUs include a 52-tone DRU, the 52-tone DRU is one of the 16 already defined 52-tone DRUs. The method according to claim 1, wherein each of the 16 already defined 52-tone DRUs has a pilot tone that is the 9th lowest subcarrier, the 18th lowest subcarrier, the 18th highest subcarrier, and the 9th highest subcarrier among the subcarriers contained in one 52-tone DRU. [Claim 3] Based on the fact that one or more DRUs include a 106-tone DRU, the 106-tone DRU is one of eight already defined 106-tone DRUs. The method according to claim 2, wherein each of the eight already defined 106-tone DRUs has a pilot tone that is the 18th lowest subcarrier, the 36th lowest subcarrier, the 36th highest subcarrier, and the 18th highest subcarrier among the subcarriers contained in one 106-tone DRU. [Claim 4] Based on the fact that one or more DRUs include a 242-tone DRU, the 242-tone DRU is one of four already defined 242-tone DRUs. The method according to claim 3, wherein each of the four already defined 242-tone DRUs has a pilot tone which is the 25th lowest subcarrier, the 49th lowest subcarrier, the 73rd lowest subcarrier, the 97th lowest subcarrier, the 97th highest subcarrier, the 73rd highest subcarrier, the 49th highest subcarrier, and the 25th highest subcarrier among the subcarriers contained in one 242-tone DRU. [Claim 5] Based on the fact that one or more DRUs include a 484-tone DRU, the 484-tone DRU is one of two already defined 484-tone DRUs. The method according to claim 4, wherein each pilot tone of the two already defined 484-tone DRUs is the 27th lowest subcarrier, the 54th lowest subcarrier, the 81st lowest subcarrier, the 108th lowest subcarrier, the 135th lowest subcarrier, the 162nd lowest subcarrier, the 189th lowest subcarrier, the 216th lowest subcarrier, the 216th highest subcarrier, the 189th highest subcarrier, the 162nd highest subcarrier, the 135th highest subcarrier, the 108th highest subcarrier, the 81st highest subcarrier, the 54th highest subcarrier, and the 27th highest subcarrier among the subcarriers contained in one 484-tone DRU. [Claim 6] The method according to claim 1, wherein the nth (n=1,2,...,36) 26-tone DRU is defined as every 36th subcarrier, which includes the nth lowest subcarrier among the available subcarriers in the 20 MHz channel. [Claim 7] The method according to claim 6, wherein the available subcarriers are the subcarriers excluding 23 DC (direct current) subcarriers, 42 null subcarriers, and 23 guard subcarriers from the 1024 subcarriers in the 80MHz channel. [Claim 8] The first 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -499, -463, -425, -388, -351, -315, -277, -234, -196, -160, -123, -86, -48, 13, 49, 87, 124, 161, 197, 235, 278, 316, 352, 389, 426, 464, The second 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -498, -462, -424, -387, -350, -314, -276, -233, -195, -159, -122, -85, -47, 14, 50, 88, 125, 162, 198, 236, 279, 317, 353, 390, 427, 465, The third 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -497, -461, -423, -386, -349, -311, -275, -232, -194, -158, -121, -84, -46, 15, 51, 89, 126, 163, 201, 237, 280, 318, 354, 391, 428, and 466. The fourth 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -496, -460, -422, -385, -348, -310, -274, -231, -193, -157, -120, -83, -45, 16, 52, 90, 127, 164, 202, 238, 281, 319, 355, 392, 429, and 467. The fifth 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -495, -459, -421, -384, -347, -309, -273, -230, -192, -156, -118, -82, -44, 17, 53, 91, 128, 165, 203, 239, 282, 320, 356, 394, 430, and 468. The sixth 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -494, -458, -420, -383, -346, -308, -272, -229, -191, -155, -117, -81, -43, 18, 54, 92, 129, 166, 204, 240, 283, 321, 357, 395, 431, 469, The seventh 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -493, -457, -419, -382, -345, -307, -271, -228, -190, -154, -116, -80, -42, 19, 55, 93, 130, 167, 205, 241, 284, 322, 358, 396, 432, 470, The eighth 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -492, -456, -418, -381, -344, -306, -270, -227, -189, -153, -115, -79, -41, 20, 56, 94, 131, 168, 206, 242, 285, 323, 359, 397, 433, 471, The 9th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -491, -455, -417, -380, -343, -305, -269, -226, -188, -152, -114, -78, -40, 21, 57, 95, 132, 169, 207, 243, 286, 324, 360, 398, 434, 472, The 10th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -490, -454, -416, -379, -342, -304, -268, -225, -187, -151, -113, -77, -39, 22, 58, 96, 133, 170, 208, 244, 287, 325, 361, 399, 435, 473, The 11th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -489, -453, -415, -378, -341, -303, -267, -224, -186, -150, -112, -76, -38, 23, 59, 97, 134, 171, 209, 245, 288, 326, 362, 400, 436, 474, The 12th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -488, -452, -414, -377, -340, -302, -266, -223, -185, -149, -111, -75, -37, 24, 60, 98, 135, 172, 210, 246, 289, 327, 363, 401, 437, 475, The 13th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -487, -451, -413, -376, -339, -301, -265, -222, -184, -148, -110, -74, -36, 25, 61, 99, 136, 173, 211, 247, 290, 328, 364, 402, 438, and 476. The 14th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -486, -450, -412, -375, -338, -300, -264, -221, -183, -147, -109, -73, -35, 26, 62, 100, 137, 174, 212, 248, 291, 329, 365, 403, 439, and 477. The 15th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -485, -449, -411, -374, -337, -299, -263, -220, -182, -145, -108, -72, -34, 27, 63, 101, 138, 175, 213, 249, 292, 330, 367, 404, 440, and 478. The 16th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -484, -448, -410, -373, -336, -298, -262, -219, -181, -144, -107, -71, -33, 28, 64, 102, 139, 176, 214, 250, 293, 331, 368, 405, 441, 479, The 17th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -483, -445, -409, -372, -335, -297, -261, -218, -180, -143, -106, -70, -32, 29, 67, 103, 140, 177, 215, 251, 294, 332, 369, 406, 442, and 480. The 18th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -482, -444, -408, -371, -334, -296, -260, -217, -179, -142, -105, -69, -31, 30, 68, 104, 141, 178, 216, 252, 295, 333, 370, 407, 443, and 481. The 19th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -481, -443, -407, -370, -333, -295, -252, -216, -178, -141, -104, -68, -30, 31, 69, 105, 142, 179, 217, 260, 296, 334, 371, 408, 444, and 482. The 20th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -480, -442, -406, -369, -332, -294, -251, -215, -177, -140, -103, -67, -29, 32, 70, 106, 143, 180, 218, 261, 297, 335, 372, 409, 445, and 483. The 21st 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -479, -441, -405, -368, -331, -293, -250, -214, -176, -139, -102, -64, -28, 33, 71, 107, 144, 181, 219, 262, 298, 336, 373, 410, 448, and 484. The 22nd 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -478, -440, -404, -367, -330, -292, -249, -213, -175, -138, -101, -63, -27, 34, 72, 108, 145, 182, 220, 263, 299, 337, 374, 411, 449, and 485. The 23rd 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -477, -439, -403, -365, -329, -291, -248, -212, -174, -137, -100, -62, -26, 35, 73, 109, 147, 183, 221, 264, 300, 338, 375, 412, 450, and 486. The 24th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -476, -438, -402, -364, -328, -290, -247, -211, -173, -136, -99, -61, -25, 36, 74, 110, 148, 184, 222, 265, 301, 339, 376, 413, 451, and 487. The 25th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -475, -437, -401, -363, -327, -289, -246, -210, -172, -135, -98, -60, -24, -37, 75, 111, 149, 185, 223, 266, 302, 340, 377, 414, 452, and 488. The 26th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -474, -436, -400, -362, -326, -288, -245, -209, -171, -134, -97, -59, -23, 38, 76, 112, 150, 186, 224, 267, 303, 341, 378, 415, 453, and 489. The 27th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -473, -435, -399, -361, -325, -287, -244, -208, -170, -133, -96, -58, -22, 39, 77, 113, 151, 187, 225, 268, 304, 342, 379, 416, 454, 490, The 28th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -472, -434, -398, -360, -324, -286, -243, -207, -169, -132, -95, -57, -21, 40, 78, 114, 152, 188, 226, 269, 305, 343, 380, 417, 455, 491, The 29th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -471, -433, -397, -359, -323, -285, -242, -206, -168, -131, -94, -56, -20, 41, 79, 115, 153, 189, 227, 270, 306, 344, 381, 418, 456, and 492. The 30th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -470, -432, -396, -358, -322, -284, -241, -205, -167, -130, -93, -55, -19, 42, 80, 116, 154, 190, 228, 271, 307, 345, 382, ​​419, 457, 493, The 31st 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -469, -431, -395, -357, -321, -283, -240, -204, -166, -129, -92, -54, -18, 43, 81, 117, 155, 191, 229, 272, 308, 346, 383, 420, 458, and 494. The 32nd 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -468, -430, -394, -356, -320, -282, -239, -203, -165, -128, -91, -53, -17, 44, 82, 118, 156, 192, 230, 273, 309, 347, 384, 421, 459, and 495. The 33rd 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -467, -429, -392, -355, -319, -281, -238, -202, -164, -127, -90, -52, -16, 45, 83, 120, 157, 193, 231, 274, 310, 348, 385, 422, 460, and 496. The 34th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -466, -428, -391, -354, -318, -280, -237, -201, -163, -126, -89, -51, -15, 46, 84, 121, 158, 194, 232, 275, 311, 349, 386, 423, 461, and 497. The 35th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -465, -427, -390, -353, -317, -279, -236, -198, -162, -125, -88, -50, -14, 47, 85, 122, 159, 195, 233, 276, 314, 350, 387, 424, 462, 498, and The method according to claim 7, wherein the 36th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -464, -426, -389, -352, -316, -278, -235, -197, -161, -124, -87, -49, -13, 48, 86, 123, 160, 196, 234, 277, 315, 351, 388, 425, 463, and 499. [Claim 9] The pilot tones for the first 26-tone DRU are -277 and 235. The pilot tones for the second 26-tone DRU are -276 and 236. The pilot tones for the third 26-tone DRU are -275 and 237. The pilot tones for the fourth 26-tone DRU are -274 and 238. The pilot tones for the fifth 26-tone DRU are -273 and 239. The pilot tones for the sixth 26-tone DRU are -272 and 240. The pilot tones for the seventh 26-tone DRU are -271 and 241. The pilot tones for the eighth 26-tone DRU are -270 and 242. The pilot tones for the 9th 26-tone DRU are -269 and 243. The pilot tones for the 10th 26-tone DRU are -268 and 244. The pilot tones for the 11th 26-tone DRU are -267 and 245. The pilot tones for the 12th 26-tone DRU are -266 and 246. The pilot tones for the 13th 26-tone DRU are -265 and 247. The pilot tones for the aforementioned 14th 26-tone DRU are -264 and 248. The pilot tones for the 15th 26-tone DRU are -263 and 249. The pilot tones for the 16th 26-tone DRU are -262 and 250. The pilot tones for the 17th 26-tone DRU are -261 and 251. The pilot tones for the 18th 26-tone DRU are -260 and 252. The pilot tones for the 19th 26-tone DRU are -252 and 260. The pilot tones for the 20th 26-tone DRU are -251 and 261. The pilot tones for the 21st 26-tone DRU are -250 and 262. The pilot tones for the 22nd 26-tone DRU are -249 and 263. The pilot tones for the 23rd 26-tone DRU are -248 and 264. The pilot tones for the aforementioned 24th 26-tone DRU are -247 and 265. The pilot tones for the 25th 26-tone DRU are -246 and 266. The pilot tones for the aforementioned 26-tone DRU are -245 and 267. The pilot tones for the aforementioned 27th 26-tone DRU are -244 and 268. The pilot tones for the 28th 26-tone DRU are -243 and 269. The pilot tones for the 29th 26-tone DRU are -242 and 270. The pilot tones for the 30th 26-tone DRU are -241 and 271. The pilot tones for the 31st 26-tone DRU are -240 and 272. The pilot tones for the 32nd 26-tone DRU are -239 and 273. The pilot tones for the 33rd 26-tone DRU are -238 and 274. The pilot tones for the 34th 26-tone DRU are -237 and 275. The pilot tones for the 35th 26-tone DRU are -236, 276, and The method according to claim 8, wherein the pilot tones for the 36th 26-tone DRU are -235 and 277. [Claim 10] The first 52-tone DRU includes subcarriers contained in the first 26-tone DRU and the 19th 26-tone DRU. The second 52-tone DRU includes subcarriers contained in the second 26-tone DRU and the 20th 26-tone DRU. The third 52-tone DRU includes subcarriers contained in the third 26-tone DRU and the 21st 26-tone DRU. The fourth 52-tone DRU includes subcarriers contained in the fourth 26-tone DRU and the 22nd 26-tone DRU. The fifth 52-tone DRU includes subcarriers contained in the sixth 26-tone DRU and the 24th 26-tone DRU. The sixth 52-tone DRU includes subcarriers contained in the seventh 26-tone DRU and the 25th 26-tone DRU, The seventh 52-tone DRU includes subcarriers contained in the eighth 26-tone DRU and the 26th 26-tone DRU, The eighth 52-tone DRU includes subcarriers contained in the ninth 26-tone DRU and the 27th 26-tone DRU, The ninth 52-tone DRU includes subcarriers contained in the tenth 26-tone DRU and the 28th 26-tone DRU. The 10th 52-tone DRU includes subcarriers contained in the 11th 26-tone DRU and the 29th 26-tone DRU, The 11th 52-tone DRU includes subcarriers contained in the 12th 26-tone DRU and the 30th 26-tone DRU. The 12th 52-tone DRU includes subcarriers contained in the 13th 26-tone DRU and the 31st 26-tone DRU, The 13th 52-tone DRU includes subcarriers contained in the 15th 26-tone DRU and the 33rd 26-tone DRU, The 14th 52-tone DRU includes subcarriers contained in the 16th 26-tone DRU and the 34th 26-tone DRU. The 15th 52-tone DRU includes subcarriers contained in the 17th 26-tone DRU and the 35th 26-tone DRU, and The method according to claim 7, wherein the 16th 52-tone DRU includes subcarriers contained in the 18th 26-tone DRU and the 36th 26-tone DRU. [Claim 11] The pilot tones for the first 52-tone DRU are -351, -178, 161, and 334. The pilot tones for the second 52-tone DRU are -350, -177, 162, and 335. The pilot tones for the third 52-tone DRU are -349, -176, 163, and 336. The pilot tones for the fourth 52-tone DRU are -348, -175, 164, and 337. The pilot tones for the fifth 52-tone DRU are -346, -173, 166, and 339. The pilot tones for the sixth 52-tone DRU are -345, -172, 167, and 340. The pilot tones for the seventh 52-tone DRU are -344, -171, 168, and 341. The pilot tones for the eighth 52-tone DRU are -343, -170, 169, and 342. The pilot tones for the 9th 52-tone DRU are -342, -169, 170, and 343. The pilot tones for the 10th 52-tone DRU are -341, -168, 171, and 344. The pilot tones for the 11th 52-tone DRU are -340, -167, 172, and 345. The pilot tones for the 12th 52-tone DRU are -339, -166, 173, and 346. The pilot tones for the 13th 52-tone DRU are -337, -164, 175, and 348. The pilot tones for the aforementioned 14th 52-tone DRU are -336, -163, 176, and 349. The pilot tones for the 15th 52-tone DRU are -335, -162, 177, 350, and The method according to claim 10, wherein the pilot tones for the 16th 52-tone DRU are -334, -161, 178, and 351. [Claim 12] The first 106-tone DRU includes the subcarriers contained in the first 52-tone DRU and the ninth 52-tone DRU, and a first group consisting of two of the sixteen null subcarriers. The second 106-tone DRU includes the subcarriers contained in the second 52-tone DRU and the tenth 52-tone DRU, and the second group corresponding to the other two of the sixteen null subcarriers. The third 106-tone DRU includes the subcarriers contained in the third 52-tone DRU and the eleventh 52-tone DRU, and the third group which corresponds to two more of the sixteen null subcarriers. The fourth 106-tone DRU includes the subcarriers contained in the fourth 52-tone DRU and the twelfth 52-tone DRU, and the fourth group which corresponds to two more of the sixteen null subcarriers. The fifth 106-tone DRU includes the subcarriers contained in the fifth 52-tone DRU and the thirteenth 52-tone DRU, and the fifth group, which corresponds to two of the sixteen null subcarriers. The sixth 106-tone DRU includes the subcarriers contained in the sixth 52-tone DRU and the fourteenth 52-tone DRU, and the sixth group corresponding to the other two of the sixteen null subcarriers. The seventh 106-tone DRU includes the subcarriers contained in the seventh 52-tone DRU and the fifteenth 52-tone DRU, and the seventh group which corresponds to two more of the sixteen null subcarriers, and The method according to claim 10, wherein the eighth 106-tone DRU comprises the eighth group, which includes the subcarriers contained in the eighth 52-tone DRU and the sixteenth 52-tone DRU, and two more of the sixteen null subcarriers. [Claim 13] Based on the fact that the indices of the aforementioned 16 null subcarriers are -447, -446, -313, -312, -200, -199, -66, -65, 65, 66, 199, 200, 312, 313, 446, and 447, Of the aforementioned Group 1 to Group 8, One includes subcarrier indices -447 and 65, The other one includes subcarrier index -446,66, Another one includes subcarrier indices -313 and -199, Another one includes subcarrier indices -312,200, Another one includes subcarrier indices -200 and 312. Another one includes subcarrier indices -199, 313, Another one includes subcarrier indices -66,446, and The remaining method is the method according to claim 12, comprising subcarrier indices -65 and 447. [Claim 14] Of the four pilot tones for the first 106-tone DRU, the first pilot tone is either -351 or -342, the second pilot tone is either -178 or -169, the third pilot tone is either 161 or 170, and the fourth pilot tone is either 334 or 343. Of the four pilot tones for the second 106-tone DRU, the first pilot tone is either -350 or -341, the second pilot tone is either -177 or -168, the third pilot tone is either 162 or 171, and the fourth pilot tone is either 335 or 344. Of the four pilot tones for the third 106-tone DRU, the first pilot tone is either -340 or -349, the second pilot tone is either -176 or -167, the third pilot tone is either 172 or 163, and the fourth pilot tone is either 336 or 345. Of the four pilot tones for the fourth 106-tone DRU, the first pilot tone is either -339 or -348, the second pilot tone is either -175 or -166, the third pilot tone is either 173 or 164, and the fourth pilot tone is either 337 or 346. Of the four pilot tones for the fifth 106-tone DRU, the first pilot tone is either -337 or -346, the second pilot tone is either -173 or -164, the third pilot tone is either 175 or 166, and the fourth pilot tone is either 339 or 348. Of the four pilot tones for the sixth 106-tone DRU, the first pilot tone is either -336 or -345, the second pilot tone is either -172 or -163, the third pilot tone is either 176 or 167, and the fourth pilot tone is either 340 or 349. Of the four pilot tones for the seventh 106-tone DRU, the first pilot tone is either -335 or -344, the second pilot tone is either -162 or -171, the third pilot tone is either 177 or 168, and the fourth pilot tone is either 350 or 341. The method according to claim 13, wherein, of the four pilot tones for the eighth 106-tone DRU, the first pilot tone is either -334 or -343, the second pilot tone is either -161 or -170, the third pilot tone is either 178 or 169, and the fourth pilot tone is either 351 or 342. [Claim 15] The first 242-tone DRU includes the subcarriers contained in the first 106-tone DRU, the fifth 106-tone DRU, and the fifth 26-tone DRU, and a ninth group corresponding to four of the other sixteen null subcarriers. The second 242-tone DRU includes the subcarriers contained in the second 106-tone DRU and the sixth 106-tone DRU, and the fourteenth 26-tone DRU, and the tenth group which corresponds to the other four of the other sixteen null subcarriers. The third 242-tone DRU includes the subcarriers contained in the third 106-tone DRU, the seventh 106-tone DRU, and the 23rd 26-tone DRU, and the 11th group which corresponds to four more of the other sixteen null subcarriers, and The method according to claim 12, wherein the fourth 242-tone DRU comprises a 12th group consisting of subcarriers included in the fourth 106-tone DRU and the eighth 106-tone DRU and the 32nd 26-tone DRU, and four more of the other sixteen null subcarriers. [Claim 16] Based on the fact that the indices of the other 16 null subcarriers are -500, -393, -366, -259, -253, -146, -119, -12, 12, 119, 146, 253, 259, 366, 393, and 500, Of the aforementioned groups 9, 10, 11, and 12, One includes subcarrier indices -500, -253, 12, and 259. Another one includes subcarrier indices -393, -146, 119, and 366. Another one includes subcarrier indices -366, -119, 146, 393, and The method according to claim 15, wherein the remaining subcarrier indices include -259, -12, 253, and 500. [Claim 17] Of the eight pilot tones for the first 242-tone DRU, the first pilot tone is either -411, -407, or -402; the second pilot tone is either -309 or -308; the third pilot tone is either -211 or -207; the fourth pilot tone is either -117, -113, or -108; the fifth pilot tone is either 101, 105, or 110; the sixth pilot tone is either 203 or 204; the seventh pilot tone is either 301 or 305; and the eighth pilot tone is either 395, 399, or 404. Of the eight pilot tones for the second 242-tone DRU, the first pilot tone is either -406, -410, or -401; the second pilot tone is either -307 or -303; the third pilot tone is either -206 or -210; the fourth pilot tone is either -112, -109, or -107; the fifth pilot tone is either 106, 102, or 111; the sixth pilot tone is either 205 or 209; the seventh pilot tone is either 306 or 302; and the eighth pilot tone is either 400, 403, or 405. Of the eight pilot tones for the third 242-tone DRU, the first pilot tone is either -400, -403, or -405; the second pilot tone is either -306 or -302; the third pilot tone is either -205 or -209; the fourth pilot tone is either -106, -111, or -102; the fifth pilot tone is either 112, 107, or 109; the sixth pilot tone is either 206 or 210; the seventh pilot tone is either 307 or 303; and the eighth pilot tone is either 406, 401, or 410. The method according to claim 16, wherein of the eight pilot tones for the fourth 242-tone DRU, the first pilot tone is any of -395, -399, or -404; the second pilot tone is any of -301 or -305; the third pilot tone is any of -203 or -204; the fourth pilot tone is any of -101, -110, or -105; the fifth pilot tone is any of 117, 108, or 113; the sixth pilot tone is any of 211 or 207; the seventh pilot tone is any of 309 or 308; and the eighth pilot tone is any of 411, 402, or 407. [Claim 18] The first 484-tone DRU includes subcarriers contained in the first 242-tone DRU and the third 242-tone DRU, and The method according to claim 15, wherein the second 484-tone DRU includes subcarriers contained in the second 242-tone DRU and the fourth 242-tone DRU. [Claim 19] Of the 16 pilot tones for the first 484-tone DRU, the first pilot tone is either -449 or -446, the second pilot tone is either -396 or -393, the third pilot tone is either -342 or -340, the fourth pilot tone is either -288 or -286, the fifth pilot tone is either -229 or -227, the sixth pilot tone is either -174 or -173, the seventh pilot tone is either -119 or -118, and the eighth pilot tone is either -449 or -346. The first pilot tone is either -66 or -64, the ninth pilot tone is either 63 or 66, the tenth pilot tone is either 116 or 119, the eleventh pilot tone is either 170 or 172, the twelfth pilot tone is either 224 or 226, the thirteenth pilot tone is either 283 or 285, the fourteenth pilot tone is either 338 or 339, the fifteenth pilot tone is either 393 or 394, and the sixteenth pilot tone is either 446 or 448. Of the 16 pilot tones for the second 484-tone DRU, the first pilot tone is either -446 or -448, the second pilot tone is either -393 or -394, the third pilot tone is either -338 or -339, the fourth pilot tone is either -283 or -285, the fifth pilot tone is either -224 or -226, the sixth pilot tone is either -170 or -172, the seventh pilot tone is either -116 or -119, and the eighth pilot tone is The method according to claim 18, wherein the ninth pilot tone is either -63 or -66, the ninth pilot tone is either 66 or 64, the tenth pilot tone is either 119 or 118, the eleventh pilot tone is either 174 or 173, the twelfth pilot tone is either 229 or 227, the thirteenth pilot tone is either 288 or 286, the fourteenth pilot tone is either 342 or 340, the fifteenth pilot tone is either 396 or 393, and the sixteenth pilot tone is either 449 or 446. [Claim 20] The method according to claim 19, wherein the 16 pilot tones included in the first 484-tone DRU and the 16 pilot tones included in the second 484-tone DRU do not overlap with each other. [Claim 21] Based on the fact that the PPDU is a downlink PPDU, one or more DRUs are assigned to the downlink PPDU based on the resource unit (RU) allocation information included in the downlink PPDU, or The method according to claim 1, wherein, based on the fact that the PPDU is an uplink TB PPDU, the one or more DRUs for the uplink TB PPDU are indicated based on RU assignment information contained in a trigger frame that triggers the transmission of the uplink TB PPDU. [Claim 22] The method according to claim 1, wherein the one or more fields include data fields. [Claim 23] A first station (STA) device in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, One or more transceivers, The system comprises one or more processors connected to one or more of the aforementioned transceivers, The one or more processors described above are: A PPDU (physical layer protocol data unit) containing one or more fields is generated, and these one or more fields are mapped onto one or more DRUs (distributed resource units); The PPDU is configured to be transmitted to one or more second STAs via one or more transceivers on a bandwidth including an 80 MHz channel; Based on the fact that one or more DRUs include a 26-tone DRU, the 26-tone DRU is one of 36 already defined 26-tone DRUs. The device wherein each of the 36 already defined 26-tone DRUs has a pilot tone that is the seventh lowest subcarrier and the seventh highest subcarrier among the subcarriers contained in one 26-tone DRU. [Claim 24] A method performed by a second station (STA) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, The process involves receiving a PPDU (physical layer protocol data unit) containing one or more fields on a bandwidth including an 80MHz channel from the first STA; The process includes the step of decoding one or more fields mapped onto one or more DRUs (distributed resource units); Based on the fact that one or more DRUs include a 26-tone DRU, the 26-tone DRU is one of 36 already defined 26-tone DRUs. The method wherein the pilot tone of each of the 36 already defined 26-tone DRUs is the seventh lowest subcarrier and the seventh highest subcarrier among the subcarriers contained in one 26-tone DRU. [Claim 25] A second station (STA) device in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, One or more transceivers, The system comprises one or more processors connected to one or more of the aforementioned transceivers, The one or more processors described above are: A PPDU (physical layer protocol data unit) containing one or more fields on a bandwidth including an 80 MHz channel is received from the first STA via the one or more transceivers; Configured to decode one or more fields mapped onto one or more DRUs (distributed resource units); With respect to the PPDU associated with downlink transmission, based on the fact that one or more DRUs include 26-tone DRUs, the 26-tone DRU is one of 36 already defined 26-tone DRUs. The device wherein each of the 36 already defined 26-tone DRUs has a pilot tone that is the seventh lowest subcarrier and the seventh highest subcarrier among the subcarriers contained in one 26-tone DRU. [Claim 26] A processing device configured to control a station (STA) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, With one or more processors; A processing device comprising: one or more computer memories operably connected to one or more processors and storing instructions for performing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 22, based on that they are executed by the one or more processors; [Claim 27] One or more non-transitory computer-readable media for storing one or more instructions, A computer-readable medium in which the one or more instructions are executed by one or more processors and control a device in a wireless LAN system to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 22.

Claims

1. A method performed by a first station (STA) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, The steps include: generating a PPDU (physical layer protocol data unit) containing one or more fields; The one or more fields are mapped onto one or more DRUs (distributed resource units), The steps include: transmitting the PPDU to one or more second STAs over a bandwidth including an 80 MHz channel; Based on the fact that one or more DRUs include a 26-tone DRU, the 26-tone DRU is one of the 36 already defined 26-tone DRUs. The method wherein the pilot tone of each of the 36 already defined 26-tone DRUs is the seventh lowest subcarrier and the seventh highest subcarrier among the subcarriers contained in one 26-tone DRU.

2. Based on the fact that one or more DRUs include a 52-tone DRU, the 52-tone DRU is one of the 16 already defined 52-tone DRUs. The method according to claim 1, wherein each of the 16 already defined 52-tone DRUs has a pilot tone that is the 9th lowest subcarrier, the 18th lowest subcarrier, the 18th highest subcarrier, and the 9th highest subcarrier among the subcarriers contained in one 52-tone DRU.

3. Based on the fact that one or more DRUs include a 106-tone DRU, the 106-tone DRU is one of eight already defined 106-tone DRUs. The method according to claim 2, wherein each of the eight already defined 106-tone DRUs has a pilot tone that is the 18th lowest subcarrier, the 36th lowest subcarrier, the 36th highest subcarrier, and the 18th highest subcarrier among the subcarriers contained in one 106-tone DRU.

4. Based on the fact that one or more DRUs include 242-tone DRUs, the 242-tone DRU is one of the four already defined 242-tone DRUs. The method according to claim 3, wherein each of the four already defined 242-tone DRUs has a pilot tone which is the 25th lowest subcarrier, the 49th lowest subcarrier, the 73rd lowest subcarrier, the 97th lowest subcarrier, the 97th highest subcarrier, the 73rd highest subcarrier, the 49th highest subcarrier, and the 25th highest subcarrier among the subcarriers contained in one 242-tone DRU.

5. Based on the fact that one or more DRUs include a 484-tone DRU, the 484-tone DRU is one of two already defined 484-tone DRUs. The method according to claim 4, wherein each pilot tone of the two already defined 484-tone DRUs is the 27th lowest subcarrier, the 54th lowest subcarrier, the 81st lowest subcarrier, the 108th lowest subcarrier, the 135th lowest subcarrier, the 162nd lowest subcarrier, the 189th lowest subcarrier, the 216th lowest subcarrier, the 216th highest subcarrier, the 189th highest subcarrier, the 162nd highest subcarrier, the 135th highest subcarrier, the 108th highest subcarrier, the 81st highest subcarrier, the 54th highest subcarrier, and the 27th highest subcarrier among the subcarriers contained in one 484-tone DRU.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the nth (n=1, 2, ..., 36) 26-tone DRU is defined as every 36th subcarrier containing the nth lowest subcarrier among the available subcarriers in the 20 MHz channel.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the available subcarriers are the subcarriers excluding 23 DC (direct current) subcarriers, 42 null subcarriers, and 23 guard subcarriers from the 1024 subcarriers in the 80 MHz channel.

8. The first 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -499, -463, -425, -388, -351, -315, -277, -234, -196, -160, -123, -86, -48, 13, 49, 87, 124, 161, 197, 235, 278, 316, 352, 389, 426, and 464. The second 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -498, -462, -424, -387, -350, -314, -276, -233, -195, -159, -122, -85, -47, 14, 50, 88, 125, 162, 198, 236, 279, 317, 353, 390, 427, and 465. The third 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -497, -461, -423, -386, -349, -311, -275, -232, -194, -158, -121, -84, -46, 15, 51, 89, 126, 163, 201, 237, 280, 318, 354, 391, 428, and 466. The fourth 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -496, -460, -422, -385, -348, -310, -274, -231, -193, -157, -120, -83, -45, 16, 52, 90, 127, 164, 202, 238, 281, 319, 355, 392, 429, and 467. The fifth 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -495, -459, -421, -384, -347, -309, -273, -230, -192, -156, -118, -82, -44, 17, 53, 91, 128, 165, 203, 239, 282, 320, 356, 394, 430, and 468. The sixth 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -494, -458, -420, -383, -346, -308, -272, -229, -191, -155, -117, -81, -43, 18, 54, 92, 129, 166, 204, 240, 283, 321, 357, 395, 431, 469, The seventh 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -493, -457, -419, -382, -345, -307, -271, -228, -190, -154, -116, -80, -42, 19, 55, 93, 130, 167, 205, 241, 284, 322, 358, 396, 432, and 470. The eighth 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -492, -456, -418, -381, -344, -306, -270, -227, -189, -153, -115, -79, -41, 20, 56, 94, 131, 168, 206, 242, 285, 323, 359, 397, 433, and 471. The 9th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -491, -455, -417, -380, -343, -305, -269, -226, -188, -152, -114, -78, -40, 21, 57, 95, 132, 169, 207, 243, 286, 324, 360, 398, 434, and 472. The 10th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -490, -454, -416, -379, -342, -304, -268, -225, -187, -151, -113, -77, -39, 22, 58, 96, 133, 170, 208, 244, 287, 325, 361, 399, 435, 473, The 11th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -489, -453, -415, -378, -341, -303, -267, -224, -186, -150, -112, -76, -38, 23, 59, 97, 134, 171, 209, 245, 288, 326, 362, 400, 436, and 474. The 12th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -488, -452, -414, -377, -340, -302, -266, -223, -185, -149, -111, -75, -37, 24, 60, 98, 135, 172, 210, 246, 289, 327, 363, 401, 437, and 475. The 13th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -487, -451, -413, -376, -339, -301, -265, -222, -184, -148, -110, -74, -36, 25, 61, 99, 136, 173, 211, 247, 290, 328, 364, 402, 438, and 476. The 14th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -486, -450, -412, -375, -338, -300, -264, -221, -183, -147, -109, -73, -35, 26, 62, 100, 137, 174, 212, 248, 291, 329, 365, 403, 439, and 477. The 15th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -485, -449, -411, -374, -337, -299, -263, -220, -182, -145, -108, -72, -34, 27, 63, 101, 138, 175, 213, 249, 292, 330, 367, 404, 440, and 478. The 16th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -484, -448, -410, -373, -336, -298, -262, -219, -181, -144, -107, -71, -33, 28, 64, 102, 139, 176, 214, 250, 293, 331, 368, 405, 441, 479, The 17th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -483, -445, -409, -372, -335, -297, -261, -218, -180, -143, -106, -70, -32, 29, 67, 103, 140, 177, 215, 251, 294, 332, 369, 406, 442, and 480. The 18th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -482, -444, -408, -371, -334, -296, -260, -217, -179, -142, -105, -69, -31, 30, 68, 104, 141, 178, 216, 252, 295, 333, 370, 407, 443, and 481. The 19th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -481, -443, -407, -370, -333, -295, -252, -216, -178, -141, -104, -68, -30, 31, 69, 105, 142, 179, 217, 260, 296, 334, 371, 408, 444, and 482. The 20th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -480, -442, -406, -369, -332, -294, -251, -215, -177, -140, -103, -67, -29, 32, 70, 106, 143, 180, 218, 261, 297, 335, 372, 409, 445, and 483. The 21st 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -479, -441, -405, -368, -331, -293, -250, -214, -176, -139, -102, -64, -28, 33, 71, 107, 144, 181, 219, 262, 298, 336, 373, 410, 448, and 484. The 22nd 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -478, -440, -404, -367, -330, -292, -249, -213, -175, -138, -101, -63, -27, 34, 72, 108, 145, 182, 220, 263, 299, 337, 374, 411, 449, and 485. The 23rd 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -477, -439, -403, -365, -329, -291, -248, -212, -174, -137, -100, -62, -26, 35, 73, 109, 147, 183, 221, 264, 300, 338, 375, 412, 450, and 486. The 24th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -476, -438, -402, -364, -328, -290, -247, -211, -173, -136, -99, -61, -25, 36, 74, 110, 148, 184, 222, 265, 301, 339, 376, 413, 451, and 487. The 25th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -475, -437, -401, -363, -327, -289, -246, -210, -172, -135, -98, -60, -24, -37, 75, 111, 149, 185, 223, 266, 302, 340, 377, 414, 452, and 488. The 26th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -474, -436, -400, -362, -326, -288, -245, -209, -171, -134, -97, -59, -23, 38, 76, 112, 150, 186, 224, 267, 303, 341, 378, 415, 453, and 489. The 27th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -473, -435, -399, -361, -325, -287, -244, -208, -170, -133, -96, -58, -22, 39, 77, 113, 151, 187, 225, 268, 304, 342, 379, 416, 454, and 490. The 28th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -472, -434, -398, -360, -324, -286, -243, -207, -169, -132, -95, -57, -21, 40, 78, 114, 152, 188, 226, 269, 305, 343, 380, 417, 455, and 491. The 29th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -471, -433, -397, -359, -323, -285, -242, -206, -168, -131, -94, -56, -20, 41, 79, 115, 153, 189, 227, 270, 306, 344, 381, 418, 456, and 492. The 30th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -470, -432, -396, -358, -322, -284, -241, -205, -167, -130, -93, -55, -19, 42, 80, 116, 154, 190, 228, 271, 307, 345, 382, ​​419, 457, and 493. The 31st 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -469, -431, -395, -357, -321, -283, -240, -204, -166, -129, -92, -54, -18, 43, 81, 117, 155, 191, 229, 272, 308, 346, 383, 420, 458, and 494. The 32nd 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -468, -430, -394, -356, -320, -282, -239, -203, -165, -128, -91, -53, -17, 44, 82, 118, 156, 192, 230, 273, 309, 347, 384, 421, 459, and 495. The 33rd 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -467, -429, -392, -355, -319, -281, -238, -202, -164, -127, -90, -52, -16, 45, 83, 120, 157, 193, 231, 274, 310, 348, 385, 422, 460, and 496. The 34th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -466, -428, -391, -354, -318, -280, -237, -201, -163, -126, -89, -51, -15, 46, 84, 121, 158, 194, 232, 275, 311, 349, 386, 423, 461, and 497. The 35th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -465, -427, -390, -353, -317, -279, -236, -198, -162, -125, -88, -50, -14, 47, 85, 122, 159, 195, 233, 276, 314, 350, 387, 424, 462, 498, and The method according to claim 7, wherein the 36th 26-tone DRU includes subcarrier indices -464, -426, -389, -352, -316, -278, -235, -197, -161, -124, -87, -49, -13, 48, 86, 123, 160, 196, 234, 277, 315, 351, 388, 425, 463, and 499.

9. The pilot tones for the first 26-tone DRU are -277 and 235. The pilot tones for the second 26-tone DRU are -276 and 236. The pilot tones for the third 26-tone DRU are -275 and 237. The pilot tones for the fourth 26-tone DRU are -274 and 238. The pilot tones for the fifth 26-tone DRU are -273 and 239. The pilot tone for the sixth 26-tone DRU is -272,240. The pilot tones for the seventh 26-tone DRU are -271 and 241. The pilot tones for the eighth 26-tone DRU are -270 and 242. The pilot tones for the ninth 26-tone DRU are -269 and 243. The pilot tones for the 10th 26-tone DRU are -268 and 244. The pilot tones for the 11th 26-tone DRU are -267 and 245. The pilot tones for the 12th 26-tone DRU are -266 and 246. The pilot tones for the 13th 26-tone DRU are -265 and 247. The pilot tones for the 14th 26-tone DRU are -264 and 248. The pilot tones for the 15th 26-tone DRU are -263 and 249. The pilot tone for the 16th 26-tone DRU is -262, 250. The pilot tones for the 17th 26-tone DRU are -261 and 251. The pilot tones for the 18th 26-tone DRU are -260 and 252. The pilot tones for the 19th 26-tone DRU are -252 and 260. The pilot tones for the 20th 26-tone DRU are -251 and 261. The pilot tones for the 21st 26-tone DRU are -250 and 262. The pilot tones for the 22nd 26-tone DRU are -249 and 263. The pilot tones for the 23rd 26-tone DRU are -248 and 264. The pilot tones for the 24th 26-tone DRU are -247 and 265. The pilot tones for the 25th 26-tone DRU are -246 and 266. The pilot tones for the aforementioned 26-tone DRU are -245 and 267. The pilot tones for the 26-tone DRU of the aforementioned 27 are -244 and 268. The pilot tones for the 28th 26-tone DRU are -243 and 269. The pilot tones for the 29th 26-tone DRU are -242 and 270. The pilot tones for the 30th 26-tone DRU are -241 and 271. The pilot tones for the 31 26-tone DRU are -240 and 272. The pilot tones for the 32 26-tone DRU are -239 and 273. The pilot tones for the 33 26-tone DRU are -238 and 274. The pilot tones for the 34th 26-tone DRU are -237 and 275. The pilot tones for the 35th 26-tone DRU are -236, 276, and The method according to claim 8, wherein the pilot tones for the 36th 26-tone DRU are -235 and 277.

10. The first 52-tone DRU includes subcarriers contained in the first 26-tone DRU and the 19th 26-tone DRU. The second 52-tone DRU includes subcarriers contained in the second 26-tone DRU and the 20th 26-tone DRU. The third 52-tone DRU includes subcarriers contained in the third 26-tone DRU and the 21st 26-tone DRU. The fourth 52-tone DRU includes subcarriers contained in the fourth 26-tone DRU and the 22nd 26-tone DRU. The fifth 52-tone DRU includes subcarriers contained in the sixth 26-tone DRU and the 24th 26-tone DRU. The sixth 52-tone DRU includes subcarriers contained in the seventh 26-tone DRU and the 25th 26-tone DRU. The seventh 52-tone DRU includes subcarriers contained in the eighth 26-tone DRU and the 26th 26-tone DRU. The eighth 52-tone DRU includes subcarriers contained in the ninth 26-tone DRU and the 27th 26-tone DRU, The ninth 52-tone DRU includes subcarriers contained in the tenth 26-tone DRU and the 28th 26-tone DRU. The 10th 52-tone DRU includes subcarriers contained in the 11th 26-tone DRU and the 29th 26-tone DRU, The 11th 52-tone DRU includes subcarriers contained in the 12th 26-tone DRU and the 30th 26-tone DRU. The 12th 52-tone DRU includes subcarriers contained in the 13th 26-tone DRU and the 31st 26-tone DRU, The 13th 52-tone DRU includes subcarriers contained in the 15th 26-tone DRU and the 33rd 26-tone DRU. The 14th 52-tone DRU includes subcarriers contained in the 16th 26-tone DRU and the 34th 26-tone DRU. The 15th 52-tone DRU includes subcarriers contained in the 17th 26-tone DRU and the 35th 26-tone DRU, and The method according to claim 7, wherein the 16th 52-tone DRU includes subcarriers contained in the 18th 26-tone DRU and the 36th 26-tone DRU.

11. The pilot tones for the first 52-tone DRU are -351, -178, 161, and 334. The pilot tones for the second 52-tone DRU are -350, -177, 162, and 335. The pilot tones for the third 52-tone DRU are -349, -176, 163, and 336. The pilot tones for the fourth 52-tone DRU are -348, -175, 164, and 337. The pilot tones for the fifth 52-tone DRU are -346, -173, 166, and 339. The pilot tones for the sixth 52-tone DRU are -345, -172, 167, and 340. The pilot tones for the seventh 52-tone DRU are -344, -171, 168, and 341. The pilot tones for the eighth 52-tone DRU are -343, -170, 169, and 342. The pilot tones for the ninth 52-tone DRU are -342, -169, 170, and 343. The pilot tones for the 10th 52-tone DRU are -341, -168, 171, and 344. The pilot tones for the 11th 52-tone DRU are -340, -167, 172, and 345. The pilot tones for the 12th 52-tone DRU are -339, -166, 173, and 346. The pilot tones for the 13th 52-tone DRU are -337, -164, 175, and 348. The pilot tones for the 14th 52-tone DRU are -336, -163, 176, and 349. The pilot tones for the 15th 52-tone DRU are -335, -162, 177, 350, and The method according to claim 10, wherein the pilot tones for the 16th 52-tone DRU are -334, -161, 178, and 351.

12. The first 106-tone DRU includes the subcarriers contained in the first 52-tone DRU and the ninth 52-tone DRU, and a first group corresponding to two of the sixteen null subcarriers. The second 106-tone DRU includes the subcarriers contained in the second 52-tone DRU and the tenth 52-tone DRU, and the second group corresponding to the other two of the sixteen null subcarriers. The third 106-tone DRU includes the subcarriers contained in the third 52-tone DRU and the eleventh 52-tone DRU, and a third group corresponding to two more of the sixteen null subcarriers. The fourth 106-tone DRU includes the subcarriers contained in the fourth 52-tone DRU and the twelfth 52-tone DRU, and the fourth group which corresponds to two more of the sixteen null subcarriers. The fifth 106-tone DRU includes the subcarriers contained in the fifth 52-tone DRU and the thirteenth 52-tone DRU, and the fifth group corresponding to two of the sixteen null subcarriers. The sixth 106-tone DRU includes the subcarriers contained in the sixth 52-tone DRU and the fourteenth 52-tone DRU, and the sixth group corresponding to the other two of the sixteen null subcarriers. The seventh 106-tone DRU includes the subcarriers contained in the seventh 52-tone DRU and the fifteenth 52-tone DRU, and the seventh group which corresponds to two more of the sixteen null subcarriers, and The method according to claim 10, wherein the eighth 106-tone DRU comprises the eighth group of subcarriers included in the eighth 52-tone DRU and the sixteenth 52-tone DRU, and two more of the sixteen null subcarriers.

13. Based on the fact that the indices of the aforementioned 16 null subcarriers are -447, -446, -313, -312, -200, -199, -66, -65, 65, 66, 199, 200, 312, 313, 446, and 447, Of the aforementioned Group 1 to Group 8, One includes subcarrier indices -447 and -65. The other one includes subcarrier indices -446,66, Another one includes subcarrier indices -313,199, Another one includes subcarrier indices -312,200, Another one includes subcarrier indices -200 and 312. Another one includes subcarrier indices -199,313, Another one includes subcarrier indices -66,446, and The remaining method is the method according to claim 12, comprising subcarrier index -65,447.

14. Of the four pilot tones for the first 106-tone DRU, the first pilot tone is either -351 or -342, the second pilot tone is either -178 or -169, the third pilot tone is either 161 or 170, and the fourth pilot tone is either 334 or 343. Of the four pilot tones for the second 106-tone DRU, the first pilot tone is either -350 or -341, the second pilot tone is either -177 or -168, the third pilot tone is either 162 or 171, and the fourth pilot tone is either 335 or 344. Of the four pilot tones for the third 106-tone DRU, the first pilot tone is either -340 or -349, the second pilot tone is either -176 or -167, the third pilot tone is either 172 or 163, and the fourth pilot tone is either 336 or 345. Of the four pilot tones for the fourth 106-tone DRU, the first pilot tone is either -339 or -348, the second pilot tone is either -175 or -166, the third pilot tone is either 173 or 164, and the fourth pilot tone is either 337 or 346. Of the four pilot tones for the fifth 106-tone DRU, the first pilot tone is either -337 or -346, the second pilot tone is either -173 or -164, the third pilot tone is either 175 or 166, and the fourth pilot tone is either 339 or 348. Of the four pilot tones for the sixth 106-tone DRU, the first pilot tone is either -336 or -345, the second pilot tone is either -172 or -163, the third pilot tone is either 176 or 167, and the fourth pilot tone is either 340 or 349. Of the four pilot tones for the seventh 106-tone DRU, the first pilot tone is either -335 or -344, the second pilot tone is either -162 or -171, the third pilot tone is either 177 or 168, and the fourth pilot tone is either 350 or 341. The method according to claim 13, wherein, of the four pilot tones for the eighth 106-tone DRU, the first pilot tone is either -334 or -343, the second pilot tone is either -161 or -170, the third pilot tone is either 178 or 169, and the fourth pilot tone is either 351 or 342.

15. The first 242-tone DRU includes a ninth group consisting of subcarriers included in the first 106-tone DRU, the fifth 106-tone DRU, and the fifth 26-tone DRU, and four of the other sixteen null subcarriers. The second 242-tone DRU includes the subcarriers contained in the second 106-tone DRU and the sixth 106-tone DRU and the fourteenth 26-tone DRU, and the tenth group corresponding to the other four of the other sixteen null subcarriers. The third 242-tone DRU includes the subcarriers contained in the third 106-tone DRU, the seventh 106-tone DRU, and the 23rd 26-tone DRU, and an 11th group corresponding to four more of the other sixteen null subcarriers, and The method according to claim 12, wherein the fourth 242-tone DRU comprises a 12th group corresponding to the subcarriers included in the fourth 106-tone DRU, the eighth 106-tone DRU, and the 32nd 26-tone DRU, and four more of the other sixteen null subcarriers.

16. Based on the fact that the indices of the other 16 null subcarriers are -500, -393, -366, -259, -253, -146, -119, -12, 12, 119, 146, 253, 259, 366, 393, and 500, Of the aforementioned groups 9, 10, 11, and 12, One includes subcarrier indices -500, -253, 12, and 259. Another one includes subcarrier indices -393, -146, 119, and 366. Another one includes subcarrier indices -366, -119, 146, 393, and The method according to claim 15, wherein the remaining subcarrier indices include -259, -12, 253, and 500.

17. Of the eight pilot tones for the first 242-tone DRU, the first pilot tone is either -411, -407, or -402; the second pilot tone is either -309 or -308; the third pilot tone is either -211 or -207; the fourth pilot tone is either -117, -113, or -108; the fifth pilot tone is either 101, 105, or 110; the sixth pilot tone is either 203 or 204; the seventh pilot tone is either 301 or 305; and the eighth pilot tone is either 395, 399, or 404. Of the eight pilot tones for the second 242-tone DRU, the first pilot tone is either -406, -410, or -401; the second pilot tone is either -307 or -303; the third pilot tone is either -206 or -210; the fourth pilot tone is either -112, -109, or -107; the fifth pilot tone is either 106, 102, or 111; the sixth pilot tone is either 205 or 209; the seventh pilot tone is either 306 or 302; and the eighth pilot tone is either 400, 403, or 405. Of the eight pilot tones for the third 242-tone DRU, the first pilot tone is either -400, -403, or -405; the second pilot tone is either -306 or -302; the third pilot tone is either -205 or -209; the fourth pilot tone is either -106, -111, or -102; the fifth pilot tone is either 112, 107, or 109; the sixth pilot tone is either 206 or 210; the seventh pilot tone is either 307 or 303; and the eighth pilot tone is either 406, 401, or 410. The method according to claim 16, wherein, of the eight pilot tones for the fourth 242-tone DRU, the first pilot tone is any of -395, -399, or -404; the second pilot tone is any of -301 or -305; the third pilot tone is any of -203 or -204; the fourth pilot tone is any of -101, -110, or -105; the fifth pilot tone is any of 117, 108, or 113; the sixth pilot tone is any of 211 or 207; the seventh pilot tone is any of 309 or 308; and the eighth pilot tone is any of 411, 402, or 407.

18. The first 484-tone DRU includes subcarriers contained in the first 242-tone DRU and the third 242-tone DRU, and The method according to claim 15, wherein the second 484-tone DRU includes subcarriers contained in the second 242-tone DRU and the fourth 242-tone DRU.

19. Of the 16 pilot tones for the first 484-tone DRU, the first pilot tone is either -449 or -446, the second pilot tone is either -396 or -393, the third pilot tone is either -342 or -340, the fourth pilot tone is either -288 or -286, the fifth pilot tone is either -229 or -227, the sixth pilot tone is either -174 or -173, the seventh pilot tone is either -119 or -118, and the eighth pilot tone is either -449 or -346. The first pilot tone is either -66 or -64, the ninth pilot tone is either 63 or 66, the tenth pilot tone is either 116 or 119, the eleventh pilot tone is either 170 or 172, the twelfth pilot tone is either 224 or 226, the thirteenth pilot tone is either 283 or 285, the fourteenth pilot tone is either 338 or 339, the fifteenth pilot tone is either 393 or 394, and the sixteenth pilot tone is either 446 or 448. Of the 16 pilot tones for the second 484-tone DRU, the first pilot tone is either -446 or -448, the second pilot tone is either -393 or -394, the third pilot tone is either -338 or -339, the fourth pilot tone is either -283 or -285, the fifth pilot tone is either -224 or -226, the sixth pilot tone is either -170 or -172, the seventh pilot tone is either -116 or -119, and the eighth pilot tone is The method according to claim 18, wherein the first pilot tone is either -63 or -66, the ninth pilot tone is either 66 or 64, the tenth pilot tone is either 119 or 118, the eleventh pilot tone is either 174 or 173, the twelfth pilot tone is either 229 or 227, the thirteenth pilot tone is either 288 or 286, the fourteenth pilot tone is either 342 or 340, the fifteenth pilot tone is either 396 or 393, and the sixteenth pilot tone is either 449 or 446.

20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the 16 pilot tones included in the first 484-tone DRU and the 16 pilot tones included in the second 484-tone DRU do not overlap with each other.

21. Based on the fact that the PPDU is a downlink PPDU, one or more DRUs are assigned to the downlink PPDU based on the resource unit (RU) allocation information included in the downlink PPDU, or The method according to claim 1, wherein, based on the fact that the PPDU is an uplink TB PPDU, one or more DRUs are assigned to the uplink TB PPDU based on RU assignment information included in a trigger frame that triggers the transmission of the uplink TB PPDU.

22. The method according to claim 1, wherein the one or more fields include data fields.

23. A first station (STA) device in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, One or more transceivers, The system comprises one or more processors connected to one or more of the aforementioned transceivers, The one or more processors described above are: A PPDU (physical layer protocol data unit) containing one or more fields is generated, and the one or more fields are mapped onto one or more DRUs (distributed resource units); The PPDU is configured to be transmitted to one or more second STAs via one or more transceivers on a bandwidth including an 80 MHz channel; Based on the fact that one or more DRUs include a 26-tone DRU, the 26-tone DRU is one of the 36 already defined 26-tone DRUs. The apparatus wherein each of the 36 already defined 26-tone DRUs has a pilot tone that is the seventh lowest subcarrier and the seventh highest subcarrier among the subcarriers contained in one 26-tone DRU.

24. A method performed by a second station (STA) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, The steps include receiving a PPDU (physical layer protocol data unit) containing one or more fields on a bandwidth including an 80 MHz channel from the first STA; The process includes: decoding one or more fields mapped onto one or more DRUs (distributed resource units); Based on the fact that one or more DRUs include a 26-tone DRU, the 26-tone DRU is one of the 36 already defined 26-tone DRUs. The method wherein the pilot tone of each of the 36 already defined 26-tone DRUs is the seventh lowest subcarrier and the seventh highest subcarrier among the subcarriers contained in one 26-tone DRU.

25. A second station (STA) device in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, One or more transceivers, The system comprises one or more processors connected to one or more of the aforementioned transceivers, The one or more processors described above are: A PPDU (physical layer protocol data unit) containing one or more fields on a bandwidth including an 80 MHz channel is received from the first STA via the one or more transceivers; Configured to decode one or more fields mapped onto one or more DRUs (distributed resource units); With respect to the PPDU associated with downlink transmission, based on the fact that one or more DRUs include 26-tone DRUs, the 26-tone DRU is one of 36 already defined 26-tone DRUs. The apparatus wherein each of the 36 already defined 26-tone DRUs has a pilot tone that is the seventh lowest subcarrier and the seventh highest subcarrier among the subcarriers contained in one 26-tone DRU.

26. A processing device configured to control a station (STA) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, One or more processors; A processing device comprising: one or more computer memories operably connected to the one or more processors and storing instructions for performing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 22, based on that they are executed by the one or more processors;

27. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media for storing one or more instructions, A computer-readable medium in which the one or more instructions are executed by one or more processors and which controls a device in a wireless LAN system to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 22.

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