System and method having thermal control for gas capture system

Abstract

The system includes a gas capture system having a first adsorbent having a first adsorbent material and a first phase change material. The first adsorbent material is configured to adsorb unwanted gases from a gas stream during the adsorption mode. The first phase change material is configured to absorb heat during the adsorption mode to increase the capacity of the first adsorbent material for adsorbing unwanted gases.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This application relates to a system and method for capturing undesirable gases associated with combustion systems, such as combustion-driven power plants. [Background technology]

[0002] Industrial plants, such as combustion-driven power plants, may generate various gases, including exhaust gases from their combustion systems. Combustion systems may include gas turbine engines, reciprocating piston cylinder engines, furnaces, boilers, or other industrial equipment. These exhaust gases may contain one or more undesirable gases, such as acidic gases and / or greenhouse gases. For example, undesirable gases include carbon oxides such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO2). X ), nitrogen oxides such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (NO X ), as well as sulfur oxides such as sulfur dioxide (SO2) (SO2) X ) may contain CO2. CO2 is both an acidic gas and a greenhouse gas. Unfortunately, the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere has generally increased over thousands of years, and is now above approximately 420 parts per million by volume (ppmv) or 643 parts per million by weight (ppmw) in the atmosphere. Due to various regulations and environmental concerns regarding global warming, it would be desirable to reduce the emission of undesirable gases (e.g., CO2) into the atmosphere, particularly from equipment that consumes hydrocarbon fuels, such as combustion systems. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2021 / 0187434 [Overview of the project]

[0004] Specific embodiments corresponding to the scope of the subject matter initially claimed are summarized below. These embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed embodiments, but rather to provide an overview of possible forms of the subject matter. In fact, the claimed embodiments may encompass a variety of forms that may be similar to or different from the embodiments described below.

[0005] The system includes a gas capture system having a first adsorbent having a first adsorbent material and a first phase change material. The first adsorbent material is configured to adsorb unwanted gases from a gas stream during the adsorption mode. The first phase change material is configured to absorb heat during the adsorption mode to increase the capacity of the first adsorbent material for adsorbing unwanted gases.

[0006] The system includes memory, a processor, and a controller having instructions stored in memory and executable by the processor to selectively change the operating modes of the gas capture system in the order of adsorption mode, desorption mode, and cooling mode, wherein the gas capture system includes a first adsorbent material and a first phase change material. The controller is configured to control the gas flow through the first adsorbent in adsorption mode, the first adsorbent material is configured to adsorb unwanted gases from the gas flow during adsorption mode, and the first phase change material is configured to absorb heat during adsorption mode to increase the capacity of the first adsorbent material for adsorbing unwanted gases. The controller is configured to control the heating of the first adsorbent in desorption mode, the heating causing the desorption of unwanted gases from the first adsorbent material. The controller is configured to control the cooling of the first adsorbent in cooling mode, the cooling regenerating the first phase change material before subsequent operations in adsorption mode.

[0007] The method comprises selectively changing the operating mode of a gas capture system in the order of adsorption mode, desorption mode, and cooling mode, wherein the gas capture system includes a first adsorbent material and a first phase change material. The method comprises controlling the gas flow through the first adsorbent in adsorption mode, wherein the first adsorbent material is configured to adsorb undesirable gases from the gas flow during adsorption mode, and the first phase change material is configured to absorb heat during adsorption mode to increase the capacity of the first adsorbent material for adsorbing undesirable gases. The method comprises controlling the heating of the first adsorbent in desorption mode, wherein the heating causes the desorption of undesirable gases from the first adsorbent material. The method comprises controlling the cooling of the first adsorbent in cooling mode, wherein the cooling regenerates the first phase change material before subsequent operations in adsorption mode.

[0008] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the techniques disclosed herein will be better understood when the modes for carrying out the invention described below are read with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which, throughout the drawings, similar reference numerals represent similar parts. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0009] [Figure 1] This is a block diagram of one embodiment of a combined cycle system having a gas turbine system, a steam turbine system, a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), and a gas treatment system having one or more gas captures. [Figure 2] This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the gas capture system of the gas treatment system shown in Figure 1, which has an adsorption mode, a desorption mode, and a cooling mode. [Figure 3] This is a flowchart of one embodiment of the gas treatment process of the gas treatment system shown in Figures 1 and 2, such as an adsorbent-based gas capture system. [Figure 4] Figure 2 is a perspective view of one embodiment of an adsorbent gas capture system, further illustrating one embodiment of a contactor assembly and a thermal control system. [Figure 5] Figures 2 and 4 are partial side views of one embodiment of the contactor assembly, further showing multiple fins protruding from the body of the contactor. [Figure 6] Figures 2, 4, and 5 are cross-sectional side views of an embodiment of the contactor assembly, further illustrating one embodiment of the contactor structure. [Figure 7] Figures 2, 4, and 5 are cross-sectional side views of an embodiment of the contactor assembly, further illustrating one embodiment of the contactor structure. [Figure 8] Figures 2 and 4 are schematic diagrams of one embodiment of the thermal control system, further illustrating one embodiment of a cooling circuit, heat exchanger, and heat pipe coupled to a contactor. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0010] One or more specific embodiments of the systems and methods disclosed herein are described below. In our efforts to provide a concise description of these embodiments, not all features of actual implementations may be described herein. In developing any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developer's specific objectives, such as complying with system-related and business-related constraints, which may differ from implementation to implementation. Furthermore, it should be understood that such development efforts, while complex and time-consuming, are still routine design, fabrication, and manufacturing tasks for those skilled in the art who are interested in this disclosure.

[0011] When describing elements of various embodiments of the embodiments disclosed herein, the articles “a,” “an,” “the,” and “said” indicate the presence of one or more elements. The terms “equip,” “include,” and “have” are intended to be comprehensive and mean that there may be further elements other than those listed.

[0012] The disclosed embodiments include systems and methods for reducing the carbon footprint of combustion systems, such as combustion-driven power plants and / or combined-cycle power plants, using a gas treatment system having one or more gas capture systems. The gas capture systems are configured to remove undesirable gases (e.g., CO2) from the intake air and / or exhaust gases of the combustion system. The gas capture systems may include adsorbent-based gas capture systems, solvent-based gas capture systems, cryogenic gas capture systems, or combinations thereof. For example, a gas capture system (e.g., an adsorbent-based gas capture system) may include one or more temperature swing adsorption (TSA) units or adsorbents that adsorb undesirable gases at a first temperature (e.g., low temperature) and desorb undesirable gases at a second temperature (e.g., high temperature) in a temperature swing-dependent manner. Thus, the capacity for adsorption may generally increase with decreasing temperature and decrease with increasing temperature.

[0013] As described in detail below, the gas capture system includes one or more phase-change materials (PCMs) configured to help improve the efficiency of the gas capture process, such as by providing thermal control (e.g., cooling) during the gas capture process. The PCMs may include solid-liquid PCMs, solid-solid PCMs, solid-gas PCMs, liquid-gas PCMs, or any combination thereof. Generally, the PCMs are configured to absorb heat during the phase transition to provide cooling for the gas capture process. For example, the phase transition may be between the solid and liquid phases of a solid-liquid PCM, or between different solid states (e.g., different crystalline structures) of a solid-solid PCM. In certain embodiments, the PCMs may include any suitable transition between the solid, liquid, and gas phases. The PCMs may be housed in or contained within one or more enclosures, such as internal chambers of a contactor plate, multiple microencapsulations (e.g., microcapsules), or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the solid PCM can form a duct, contactor plate, or body and / or wall of another structure along the flow path of intake air and / or exhaust gas being processed by the gas capture system.

[0014] PCM may be suitable for various types and configurations of gas capture systems. For example, an adsorbent-based gas capture system is configured to adsorb undesirable gases onto an adsorbent material and then desorb the undesirable gases from the adsorbent material using a heat source (e.g., steam from a HRSG, steam from a steam turbine system, or other steam source). The adsorption process is exothermic, while the desorption process is endothermic. As will be described in detail below, an adsorbent-based gas capture system includes one or more PCMs configured to improve the efficiency of the adsorption process by absorbing heat generated due to the adsorption of undesirable gases onto the adsorbent material, thereby helping to maintain the temperature of the adsorbent material below an upper temperature threshold and / or within upper and lower temperature thresholds. In some embodiments, the PCM is configured to enable an isothermal operation mode of the adsorption process. The adsorption efficiency of the adsorbent material generally decreases with an increase in temperature and increases with a decrease in temperature. Thus, the PCM improves the adsorption efficiency by the adsorbent material by maintaining a sufficiently low temperature of the adsorbent material during the adsorption process.

[0015] As a further example, a solvent-based gas capture system may include an absorber configured to absorb undesirable gases into a solvent and a stripper configured to strip the undesirable gases from the solvent using steam (e.g., steam from a HRSG, steam from a steam turbine system, or other steam source). The solvent-based gas capture system is described as using a solvent as the absorption fluid, but the disclosed embodiments can use any suitable absorption fluid for capturing undesirable gases. Thus, the solvent-based gas capture system may also be described as a fluid absorption-based gas capture system. When the absorption process occurs, heat is generated in the absorber, thereby increasing the temperature of the solvent in the absorber. In certain embodiments, the absorber includes PCMs to control the temperature of the solvent and improve the efficiency of the absorption process.

[0016] As described below, PCMs may be used in a variety of configurations having a gas capture system. Specific examples are provided below, but PCMs may be used in any suitable manner to support a variety of gas capture systems including, but not limited to, adsorbent-based gas capture systems, solvent-based gas capture systems, and cryogenic gas capture systems.

[0017] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a combined cycle system 10 having a gas turbine system 12, a steam turbine system 14, a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) 16, and a gas treatment system 18. The gas treatment system 18 includes one or more gas capture systems 20 configured to capture unwanted gases (e.g., CO2) from gases such as exhaust gas and / or air. The gas capture system 20 may include an adsorbent-based gas capture system, a solvent-based gas capture system, a cryogenic gas capture system, or any combination thereof. In a particular embodiment, the gas capture system 20 includes one or more phase change materials (PCMs) configured to provide thermal control of the gas capture process. The PCMs may include solid-liquid PCMs, solid-solid PCMs, solid-gas PCMs, liquid-gas PCMs, or any combination thereof.

[0018] In certain embodiments, the PCM is configured to absorb heat generated during the gas capture process (e.g., adsorption of undesirable gases in the adsorbent material or absorption of undesirable gases in the solvent), thereby helping to maintain the temperature of the gas capture system within appropriate temperature thresholds (e.g., upper and lower temperature thresholds) to improve the efficiency of the gas capture process. The upper and lower temperature thresholds can be defined based on the desired operating temperature of the gas capture system 20, and therefore the upper and lower temperature thresholds may be ±5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 or higher in Celsius or Fahrenheit near the desired operating temperature. In certain embodiments, the PCM enables an isothermal operating mode of the gas capture system 20, where the temperature may be maintained constant or substantially constant (e.g., ±1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Celsius or Fahrenheit) during the absorption or adsorption of undesirable gases.

[0019] Before describing the details of the gas processing system 18, various embodiments of the combined cycle system 10 will be described in more detail. For orientation in the drawings, references may be made to the axial or axis 30, the radial or axis 32 extending radially away from the axial or axis 30, and the circumferential or axis 34 extending circumferentially around the axial or axis 30. The directions or axes 30, 32, and 34 may be, for example, based on the rotating axis 36 of the gas turbine system 12.

[0020] The gas turbine system 12 may include an intake section 40, a compressor or compressor section 42, a combustor section 44, a gas turbine or turbine section 46, and an exhaust section 48. The compressor section 42 may include at least one shaft 50 arranged along a rotating shaft 36, a casing 52 (e.g., an annular casing) circumferentially arranged around the at least one shaft 50, a plurality of rotary compressor blades 54 extending radially outward from the at least one shaft 50, and a plurality of stationary compressor vanes 56 extending radially inward from the casing 52 toward the at least one shaft 50. In the illustrated embodiment, the compressor section 42 may include a plurality of compressor stages 58, each of which has a plurality of compressor vanes 56 arranged circumferentially spaced around at least one shaft 50 in an axial position, and a plurality of compressor blades 54 arranged circumferentially spaced around at least one shaft 50 in different axial positions (i.e., the compressor vanes 56 and compressor blades 54 are spaced apart in the axial direction). Thus, the compressor section 42 is configured to receive a flow of intake gas 60 from the intake section 40 and gradually compress the intake gas 60 through the plurality of compressor stages 58. As will be described in more detail below, the intake gas 60 may include intake air, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) flow or recirculated exhaust gas, or a combination thereof.

[0021] The combustor section 44 may include one or more combustors 62, such as a single annular combustor arranged circumferentially around a rotating shaft 36, or a plurality of combustors 62 arranged circumferentially at intervals around a rotating shaft 36. In the illustrated embodiment, each combustor 62 includes a head-end portion 64 coupled to the combustion section 66. The combustion section 66 includes a combustion chamber 68, a combustor liner 70 arranged circumferentially around the combustion chamber 68, a flow sleeve 72 arranged circumferentially around the combustor liner 70, and a passage 74 extending between the combustor liner 70 and the flow sleeve 72. The passage 74 is configured to deliver an upstream compressed gas flow 76 toward the head-end chamber 78 located in the head-end portion 64. The head-end chamber 78 and the combustion chamber 68 of the combustor 62 are separated or divided from each other by an intermediate plate 80. Within the head-end chamber 78, a plurality of fuel nozzles 82 are coupled to the intermediate plate 80 and the end plate 84 of the head-end portion 64. During operation, each combustor 62 receives compressed gas 86 (e.g., air, EGR, etc.) from the compressor section 42 and directs the compressed gas 86 along the passage 74 toward the head end chamber 78 as indicated by the arrow 76, and then delivers the compressed gas to the combustion chamber 68 through the fuel nozzle 82.

[0022] In certain embodiments, each combustor 62 may receive one or more fuel flows from a fuel system 88 coupled to a fuel nozzle 82, and the fuel system 88 includes a fuel supply system 90 coupled to one or more fuel circuits 92. For example, the fuel circuits 92 may include fuel circuits 94, 96, and 98 coupled to different sets of fuel nozzles 82. The fuel circuits 92 (e.g., 94, 96, and 98) may include fuel conduits, fuel manifolds, fuel valves, pressure regulators, and other flow control devices. The fuel system 88 is configured to supply one or more fuels, such as liquid and / or gaseous fuels, to each of the fuel nozzles 82 for injection into the combustion chamber 68. The fuels may include natural gas, synthesis gas produced from a gasifier, methane, hydrogen, biofuels, fuel oil, or any combination thereof. The fuel supply system 90 may include multiple components for controlling the flow of various fluids to the combustor 62. For example, the fuel supply system 90 may include one or more components 100. In certain embodiments, the component 100 may include one or more fuel tanks, fuel pumps, valves, pressure regulators, flow regulators, filters, water removal units, particulate removal units, manifolds, flow control devices, or any combination thereof.

[0023] The fuel nozzle 82 is configured to inject one or more fuels from the fuel system 88 and compressed gas 86 from the compressor section 42. In certain embodiments, the fuel nozzle 82 is configured to inject compressed air 104 from a compressor system 106 having an air compressor 108 coupled to a drive unit 110 such as an electric motor, a combustion engine, a shaft coupled to the gas turbine system 12, or another suitable drive unit. The compressor system 106 may be configured to receive air from the ambient and / or intake section 40. Furthermore, the compressor system 106 may be configured to allow multiple operating modes, such as EGR mode or non-EGR mode. For example, in a certain embodiment of the gas turbine system 12 having exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), the compressor section 42 supplies compressed gas 86 (e.g., compressed exhaust gas) to each combustor 62, and the compressor system 106 supplies compressed air 104 to each combustor 62.

[0024] As a further example, in a particular embodiment of the gas turbine system 12 without exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), the compressor section 42 supplies compressed gas 86 (e.g., compressed air) to each combustor 62 without requiring a further supply of air. Thus, the compressor system 106 can optionally supply compressed air 104 to each combustor 62. During operation, fuel may be burned in the air in the combustion chamber 68 of each combustor 62, thereby generating hot combustion gas 112 for delivery from the combustion chamber 68 to the turbine section 46.

[0025] The turbine section 46 includes at least one shaft 114 arranged along the rotation axis 36, a casing 116 (e.g., an annular casing) circumferentially arranged around the at least one shaft 114, a plurality of rotating turbine blades 118 extending radially outward from the at least one shaft 114, and a plurality of stationary turbine vanes 120 extending radially inward from the casing 116 toward the at least one shaft 114. The turbine section 46 may include a plurality of turbine stages 122, each of which includes a plurality of turbine vanes 120 circumferentially spaced around the at least one shaft 114 in an axial position, and a plurality of turbine blades 118 circumferentially spaced around the at least one shaft 114 in different axial positions (i.e., the turbine vanes 120 and turbine blades 118 are axially spaced apart). The at least one shaft 114 may also be coupled to at least one shaft 50 of the compressor section 42 via at least one intermediate shaft 124. Furthermore, at least one shaft 114 may be coupled to a load 126 via shaft 128. In certain embodiments, the load 126 may include a generator, machinery, a vehicle propulsion system, or any other suitable load. In the illustrated embodiment, the load 126 may be a generator, so that the combined cycle system 10 is a combined cycle power plant. During operation, combustion gases 112 flow from the combustor 62 to the turbine section 46, and the combustion gases 112 gradually expand, driving the rotation of turbine blades 118 coupled to at least one shaft 114 in each of the turbine stages 122. In this way, the combustion gases 112 drive the turbine section 46, which in turn drives the compressor section 42 and the load 126 via interconnected shafts 50, 124, 114, and 128.

[0026] In certain embodiments, the gas turbine system 12 may consist of shafts 50, 114, 124, and 128 with a common rotational direction to the connected compressor blades 54 and turbine blades 118. The shafts 50, 114, 124, and 128 may be removably coupled with shaft connectors such as flange joints. In some embodiments, some of the shafts may be combined to reduce the number of shafts. For example, all of the illustrated shafts 50, 114, and 124 may represent a common shaft that rotates in a common rotational direction, such as clockwise or counterclockwise.

[0027] The gas turbine system 12 can be configured with or without a compressor system 106 and an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system 150. The EGR system 150 is configured to recirculate the exhaust gas 152 output by the turbine section 46 to the compressor section 42 (for example, via the intake section 40) for compression and delivery to the combustor section 44. However, the gas turbine system 12 can omit the EGR system 150 and simply draw in an airflow to the intake section 40 for compression by the compressor section 42.

[0028] In a particular embodiment of a gas turbine system 12 having an EGR system 150, recirculated exhaust gas 152 flows through each compressor stage 58 of the intake section 40 and compressor section 42, thereby compressing the recirculated exhaust gas as compressed gas 86 for delivery to the combustor section 44. Furthermore, the combustor section 44 can receive compressed air 104 from the air compressor 108 of the compressor system 106 through fuel nozzles 82. The combustor section 44 also receives fuel from the fuel system 88 through fuel nozzles 82, etc. The fuel from the fuel system 88 then burns with the air from the compressor system 106 to produce combustion gas 112, which then flows through the turbine section 46 to drive the rotation of the turbine blades 118 in each of the turbine stages 122. The recirculated exhaust gas is free from certain emissions associated with combustion in the combustor section 44 (e.g., nitrogen oxides (NOx)). X It helps reduce the temperature and formation of )).

[0029] In a particular embodiment of the gas turbine system 12 without an EGR system 150, the compressor section 42 receives an airflow from the intake section 40, gradually compresses the airflow through the compressor stage 58, and delivers the compressed airflow as compressed gas 86 to the combustor section 44. The compressed airflow then facilitates the combustion of fuel from the fuel system 88, thereby producing hot combustion gas 112 for delivery to the turbine section 46. In such embodiments, the compressor system 106 may be excluded or included to supply further compressed air 104 to the combustor section 44. Regardless of the configuration, the combustion gas 112 drives the rotation of the turbine blades 118 in the turbine stage 122, thereby rotating at least one shaft 114 coupled to at least one shaft 50 of the compressor section 42 and a shaft 128 that drives the load 126.

[0030] The exhaust gas 152 output by the turbine section 46 may then pass through the HRSG 16 to transfer heat from the exhaust gas to water to generate steam for the steam turbine system 14. For example, the HRSG 16 may include a high-pressure section 160, an intermediate-pressure section 162, and a low-pressure section 164 in series, thereby generating high-pressure steam 166, intermediate-pressure steam 168, and low-pressure steam 170. The heat recovery steam generator 16 can supply high-pressure steam 166 to the high-pressure steam turbine 172 of the steam turbine system 14, intermediate-pressure steam 168 to the intermediate-pressure steam turbine 174, and low-pressure steam 170 to the low-pressure steam turbine 176. The steam drives the rotation of the blades in each of the steam turbines 172, 174, and 176, thereby driving a shaft 178 coupled to a load 180 such as a generator. The low-pressure steam turbine 176 can also return condensate 182 to the low-pressure section 164 of the HRSG 16. Next, the HRSG16 can output the exhaust gas 152 as partially cooled exhaust gas 184, which can then pass through the gas treatment system 18.

[0031] As described above, the gas processing system 18 includes one or more gas capture systems 20. For example, the gas capture system 20 may include one or any combination of the gas capture systems 190, 192, and 194, each of which has multiple components (e.g., components 196, 198, 200, and 202). The gas capture systems 20 (e.g., 190, 192, and 194) are configured to acquire a capture gas 204 from the intake gas 60 and / or exhaust gases 152, 184. In the illustrated embodiment, the gas capture systems 20 (e.g., 190, 192, and 194) can capture and output carbon dioxide (CO2) as the capture gas 204, and the capture gas 204 may be further directed to a compression system 206. For example, the compression system 206 may include one or more compressors configured to compress the capture gas 204 (e.g., CO2) and deliver the capture gas to a storage location and / or pipeline 208.

[0032] The gas capture system 190 is disposed in, within, or upstream of the intake section 40 to capture undesirable gases from the intake air. The gas capture systems 192 and 194 are disposed downstream of the gas turbine system 12 and / or the HRSG 16 to capture undesirable gases from the exhaust gases 152, 184. The gas capture system 20 (e.g., 190, 192, and 194) may include an adsorbent-based gas capture system, a solvent-based gas capture system, a cryogenic gas capture system, or any combination thereof, configured to remove and capture undesirable gases. In certain embodiments, the gas capture system 20 (e.g., 190, 192, and 194) may be configured to remove and capture undesirable gases such as carbon oxides (CO X ), (e.g., carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO)), and thus the gas capture system 20 may be described as a carbon capture system. In certain embodiments, the gas capture system 20 (e.g., 190, 192, and 194) may be configured to remove and capture undesirable gases such as nitrogen oxides (NO X ), (e.g., nitrogen dioxide (NO2)), and thus the gas capture system 20 may be described as a NO X capture system. In certain embodiments, the gas capture system 20 (e.g., 190, 192, and 194) may be configured to remove and capture undesirable gases such as sulfur oxides (SO X ), (e.g., sulfur dioxide (SO2)), and thus the gas capture system 20 may be described as a SO X capture system. In the following description, the gas capture system 20 (e.g., 190, 192, and 194) may be described, by way of example, as an adsorbent-based carbon capture system using an adsorbent material and / or a solvent-based carbon capture system using a liquid absorbent (e.g., a solvent). However, the embodiments disclosed herein may use any type or configuration of gas capture system 20 (e.g., 190, 192, and 194) as described above.

[0033] Each of the gas capture systems 20 (e.g., 190, 192, and 194) may include components 196, 198, 200, and 202. Furthermore, one or more components 210, 212, and 214 may be located upstream of the gas capture systems 192 and 194. In the case of adsorbent gas capture systems 20 (e.g., 190, 192, and 194), components 196, 198, 200, and 202 may include adsorbent material located on or within ducts (e.g., adsorption ducts, desorption ducts, and cooling ducts), contactors, cartridges, moving floors, rotating wheels, cartridges, or any combination thereof, along the flow paths of the intake gas 60 and / or exhaust gases 152, 184. The adsorbent gas capture systems 20 are configured to adsorb undesirable gases (e.g., CO2) onto the adsorbent material in adsorption mode and to desorb undesirable gases from the adsorbent material in desorption mode. Components 196, 198, 200, and 202 may include a PCM configured to absorb heat generated by the adsorption mode in order to help control the temperature of the adsorbent material to improve the efficiency of the adsorption mode (e.g., to maintain the adsorbent temperature within upper and lower temperature thresholds). Components 196, 198, 200, and 202 may also include a cooling system, such as a heat exchanger (e.g., a finned and tubular heat exchanger), a heat pipe, and other thermal control systems, coupled to the adsorbent material in conjunction with the PCM to help control the temperature of the adsorbent material. Components 196, 198, 200, and 202 may also include a heating system, such as a heating fluid system (e.g., a steam system, an electric heater, a waste heat system, etc.), configured to apply heat to the adsorbent material to desorb unwanted gases from the adsorbent material during the desorption mode. The PCM can also absorb heat during the desorption mode. Components 196, 198, 200, and 202 may also include a cooling system, such as a cooling fluid system (e.g., a gas cooling system, a liquid cooling system, etc.), configured to add a cooling fluid to the adsorbent material and PCM during the cooling mode.Therefore, the PCM can release heat during the cooling mode, thereby regenerating the PCM and / or changing its phase in preparation for the next adsorption mode. The adsorbent gas capture system 20 may also include other suitable components 196, 198, 200, and 202 that support the adsorbent material.

[0034] In the case of the solvent-based gas capture system 20 (e.g., 190, 192, and 194), components 196, 198, 200, and 202 may include one or more absorbers, one or more strippers, and a solvent circuit passing through the absorbers and strippers. The absorbers are configured to absorb unwanted gases (e.g., CO2) into the solvent in absorption mode, thereby outputting a treated gas (e.g., treated air or treated exhaust gas) and a gas-rich solvent (e.g., a CO2-rich solvent). The strippers are configured to strip unwanted gases from the gas-rich solvent in desorption mode, thereby returning a gas-dilute solvent (e.g., a CO2-dilute solvent) to the absorber and outputting the captured gas 204. Components 196, 198, 200, and 202 may include a PCM coupled to an absorber, which is configured to absorb heat generated by the absorption mode in order to help control the solvent temperature to improve the efficiency of the absorption mode (e.g., to maintain the solvent temperature within upper and lower temperature thresholds). Components 196, 198, 200, and 202 may also include one or more cooling systems, such as a heat exchanger (e.g., a finned and tubular heat exchanger), a heat pipe, and other thermal control systems, coupled to the absorber in order to help control the solvent temperature in combination with the PCM. In certain embodiments, the cooling system may be arranged with a plurality of cooling circuits, each having a PCM, a heat exchanger, a heat pipe, or other cooler, and the gas capture system 20 may selectively use each of the cooling circuits in different modes (e.g., a cooling mode for cooling the solvent by absorbing heat into the PCM, or a regeneration mode for cooling the PCM). Components 196, 198, 200, and 202 may also include a heating system, such as a heating fluid system coupled to the stripper (e.g., a steam system, an electric heater, a waste heat system, etc.), which is configured to heat the gas-rich solvent to desorb unwanted gases from the gas-rich solvent during the desorption mode.Components 196, 198, 200, and 202 may also include a reboiler coupled to the stripper, pumps and valves for controlling the flow of solvent through the solvent circuit between the absorber and the stripper, and a heat exchanger for cooling the gas-dilute solvent supplied to the absorber and heating the gas-rich solvent supplied to the stripper. The solvent system gas capture system 20 may also include other suitable components 196, 198, 200, and 202 supporting the absorber and stripper.

[0035] In certain embodiments, components 196, 198, 200, and 202 of the gas capture system 20, and / or components 210, 212, and 214 upstream of the gas capture systems 192 and 194, may include one or more of the following: a dryer or moisture removal system (e.g., a water-gas separator), a particulate removal system (e.g., a filter and / or a solid-gas separator), one or more booster fans configured to boost the flow of the gas being processed, one or more coolers, one or more valves for controlling the flow of gas to the gas capture system 20, a bypass system configured to bypass the gas capture system 20, or any combination thereof. Coolers may include heat exchangers, direct contact coolers (DCCs), or a combination thereof. Heat exchangers are configured to indirectly cool the exhaust gas 184 through heat exchange between the exhaust gas 184 and a cooling fluid (e.g., cooling water). The direct contact cooler is configured to directly cool the exhaust gas 184 by direct injection of a cooling fluid (e.g., cooling water) into the exhaust gas 184. Thus, the cooler is configured to cool the exhaust gas 184 before processing in the gas treatment system 18. The separator may include a gravity separator, a centrifuge, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the gas capture system 20 (e.g., 190, 192, and 194) may be described as multiple gas capture stages. However, in some embodiments, the gas treatment system 18 may include only a single stage and / or only the gas capture system 20. For example, the gas capture system 20 may include just one, two, or all three of the gas capture systems 190, 192, and / or 194.

[0036] In certain embodiments, exhaust gas 184 may partially or entirely bypass the gas treatment system 18 and flow into the EGR system 150, and / or exhaust gas 184 may partially or entirely flow through the gas treatment system 18 before flowing into the EGR system 150. The EGR system 150 may include one or more conduits, valves, flow control devices, coolers, blowers, or any combination thereof, configured to supply at least a portion (e.g., the EGR flow) of exhaust gas 152, 184 to the intake section 40 for recirculation through the compressor section 42. Coolers may be configured to cool the exhaust gas 152, 184 to a lower temperature (e.g., near ambient temperature) before recirculation to the compressor section 42. Blower may be configured to increase the pressure and flow of exhaust gas 152, 184 to help overcome pressure losses within the EGR system 150.

[0037] In the illustrated embodiment, the combined cycle system 10 also includes a gas turbine system 12, a steam turbine system 14, an HRSG 16, a gas processing system 18, a fuel system 88, an EGR system 150, a compression system 106, and a controller 220 coupled to various sensors 222 distributed throughout the combined cycle system 10. In the illustrated embodiment, the controller 220 includes one or more processors 224, a memory 226, instructions 228 stored in the memory 226 and executable by the processors 224, and a communication circuit 230 configured to communicate with the sensors 222 and various devices throughout the combined cycle system 10. For example, the controller 220 is configured to control the delivery and distribution of fuel from the fuel system 88 to the fuel nozzles 82 in the combustor section 44. In certain embodiments, the controller 220 is configured to control the operation of the gas capture system 20 (e.g., 190, 192, and 194) by controlling the operating mode (e.g., adsorption mode, desorption mode, cooling mode), controlling the cooling of the PCM, controlling the flow of various fluids through the gas capture system 20, or any combination thereof.

[0038] Sensor 222 (indicated as "S") is configured to monitor various operating parameters of the combined cycle system 10. In certain embodiments, sensor 222 may include a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a flow rate sensor, a fluid composition sensor (e.g., a gas composition sensor), a vibration sensor, a clearance sensor, a speed sensor, a humidity and / or moisture sensor, or any combination thereof. Sensor 222 may monitor parameters (e.g., temperature, pressure, flow rate, and fluid composition) at one or more locations in the compressor section 42, the combustor section 44, the turbine section 46, the gas processing system 18, or any combination thereof.

[0039] For example, the sensor 222 can monitor compressor parameters (e.g., the pressure ratio between the inlet and outlet of the compressor section 42), combustion gas parameters (e.g., flame temperature and combustion dynamics), turbine parameters (e.g., temperature and pressure of each turbine stage, turbine inlet, and turbine exhaust), as well as exhaust gas emissions. As a further example, exhaust gas emissions monitored by the sensor 222 may include carbon oxides such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO2). X ), nitrogen oxides such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (NO X ), sulfur oxides such as sulfur dioxide (SO2) (SO X ), unburned hydrocarbons, particulate matter, and other undesirable exhaust emissions may be included. As a further example, sensor 222 can monitor the temperature of the PCM in the gas capture system 20, the temperature of the adsorbent material in the adsorbent gas capture system, the temperature of the solvent in the solvent gas capture system, or any combination thereof. In response to feedback from sensor 222, controller 220 can adjust the operating mode, fluid flow, heating, cooling, or any combination thereof in the gas capture system 20.

[0040] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the gas capture system 20 of the gas treatment system 18 of Figure 1, showing the adsorbent gas capture system 250. In the illustrated embodiment, the adsorbent gas capture system 250 includes a plurality of adsorbent gas capture assemblies or units 252 (e.g., adsorbents or adsorption units) associated with a plurality of conduits 254, such as conduits 256, 258, and 260 (e.g., adsorbent-containing conduits). The adsorbent gas capture units 252 may include temperature swing adsorption (TSA) units or adsorbents, and the temperature swing or temperature change is used to operate alternately in an adsorption mode at a first temperature and a desorption mode at a second temperature. The first temperature is lower than the second temperature. A lower first temperature allows the adsorbent gas capture unit 252 to adsorb unwanted gases, and a lower temperature generally increases the capacity to adsorb unwanted gases. The higher second temperature allows the adsorbent gas capture unit 252 to desorb undesirable gases, which are then captured and can be used in other downstream processes.

[0041] In the illustrated embodiment, the adsorbent gas capture unit 252 includes adsorbent gas capture units 252A, 252B, and 252C associated with conduits 256, 258, and 260. Conduits 254 (e.g., 256, 258, and 260) may have adsorbent lined along their inner surface, be filled with adsorbent within their internal volume, or generally be filled with at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or more by volume of the adsorbent material. However, the adsorbent gas capture unit 252 may include any number of conduits 254, such as two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, or more, configured in parallel and / or in series. Each of the conduits 254 (e.g., 256, 258, and 260) includes an outer conduit wall 262 circumferentially arranged around a flow path 264 (e.g., a fluid passage or bore) along a central axis 266 from an inlet 268 to an outlet 270, and the adsorbent material 272 is arranged along the inner surface 274 of the outer conduit wall 262 and / or along the outer surface 276 of a plurality of contactors 280 (e.g., contactor plates, panels, or fins). In the illustrated embodiment, the contactors 280 are arranged parallel to each other and parallel to the central axis 266. Each of the conduits 254 (e.g., 256, 258, and 260) may include a contactor assembly 278 having any number of contactors 280, such as one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, or more contactors 280.

[0042] As will be described in more detail below, the adsorbent material 272 may be placed on top of a PCM 282 such as a solid-liquid PCM, solid-solid PCM, solid-gas PCM, liquid-gas PCM, or any combination thereof. For example, the PCM 282 may be a solid-solid PCM forming one or more layers beneath the adsorbent material 272 along the inner surface 274 of the outer conduit wall 262 and / or the outer surface 276 of the contactor 280, a solid-solid PCM forming at least part or all of the outer conduit wall 262, and / or a solid-solid PCM forming at least part or all of the contactor 280 (e.g., body, framework, walls, etc.). As a further example, the PCM 282 may be a solid-liquid PCM, solid-solid PCM, solid-gas PCM, liquid-gas PCM, or any combination thereof, placed inside a container or enclosure along the outer conduit wall 262 and / or the contactor 280. Each of the contactors 280 has a body 284 with an outer surface 276 arranged around an internal portion 286. In certain embodiments, the body 284 may be solid throughout the entire internal portion 286, and the body 284 may be fabricated at least substantially or completely from solid PCM throughout the entire internal portion 286 to the outer surface 276. In some embodiments, the body 284 may be hollow (e.g., an internal chamber or cavity) throughout the entire internal portion 286, and the body 284 may have an outer wall 288 positioned around the internal portion 286, and the internal portion 286 may be filled at least partially or completely with PCM 282. For example, the outer wall 288 may define a sealed enclosure or housing that completely contains PCM 282 within the internal portion 286. The PCM 282 inside the outer wall 288 may include solid-liquid PCM, solid-solid PCM, solid-gas PCM, liquid-gas PCM, or any combination thereof.

[0043] The PCM282 is configured to control or regulate the temperature of the adsorbent material 272 during the adsorption mode of the gas capture system 20, for example, by absorbing heat from the adsorption of undesirable gases (e.g., CO2) onto the adsorbent material 272, in order to improve the adsorption efficiency of the adsorbent material 272 and to help maintain the desired operating temperature of the adsorbent material 272 within an appropriate temperature range (e.g., within upper and lower temperature thresholds). In certain embodiments, the upper and lower temperature thresholds may be ±5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit, or higher, near the desired operating temperature of the adsorbent material 272. For example, the PCM282 may be configured to absorb and store heat by undergoing a phase change at phase change temperatures of -56.6°C to 100°C, 10°C to 100°C, 15°C to 80°C, 20°C to 70°C, or 25°C to 65°C. As a further example, PCM282 may be configured to absorb and store heat by undergoing a phase change at a phase change temperature between approximately ambient temperature and 75 degrees Celsius. As a further example, PCM282 may be configured to absorb and store heat by undergoing a phase change at a phase change temperature of 25 degrees Celsius or less, 30 degrees Celsius or less, 35 degrees Celsius or less, 40 degrees Celsius or less, 45 degrees Celsius or less, 50 degrees Celsius or less, 55 degrees Celsius or less, 60 degrees Celsius or less, 65 degrees Celsius or less, 70 degrees Celsius or less, 75 degrees Celsius or less, 100 degrees Celsius or less, 125 degrees Celsius or less, 150 degrees Celsius or less, 175 degrees Celsius or less, or 200 degrees Celsius or less. As an example, solid-solid PCM282 can change its crystal structure from one lattice configuration to another within an operating temperature range of 50 degrees Celsius to 175 degrees Celsius. As another example, polyurethane PCM282 may have an operating temperature range of 20 to 36 degrees Celsius. The operating temperature range may differ for other solid PCM282s such as polymer PCMs, as well as for various solid-liquid PCM282s such as paraffin, inorganic salt hydrates (Na2SO4.10H2O), bio-PCMs (e.g., organic fatty acid ester PCMs made from natural resources such as soybean and palm oil), and sodium acetate trihydrate (SAT, C2H9NaO5).In certain embodiments, the PCM282 enables an isothermal operating mode for the adsorbent gas capture system 250 (e.g., the adsorbent material 272 of the adsorbent gas capture unit 252), where the temperature may be kept constant or substantially constant (e.g., plus or minus 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit) during the adsorption of undesirable gases within the adsorbent material 272.

[0044] The temperature of the adsorbent material 272 directly affects the adsorption efficiency of the adsorbent material 272 during the adsorption mode. The adsorbent material 272 may have an optimal temperature or temperature range for efficient adsorption of undesirable gases. Unfortunately, the adsorption of undesirable gases onto the adsorbent material 272 is an exothermic process, which generally increases the temperature of the adsorbent material 272 and generates heat that reduces its adsorption efficiency without cooling the adsorbent material 272. Since the PCM 282 uses heat to transition between different phases, the PCM 282 absorbs the heat associated with the adsorption process. As will be described in detail below, the gas capture system 20 is configured to operate sequentially and repeatedly in cycles of (1) adsorption mode, (2) desorption mode, and (3) cooling mode for each of the adsorbent system gas capture units 252A, 252B, and 252C. The PCM 282 generally absorbs heat during the adsorption and desorption modes, but the PCM 282 releases heat during the cooling mode. In particular, the cooling mode is used to cool and regenerate the PCM282 for subsequent cycles starting from the adsorption mode. Therefore, the cooling mode is configured to cool the PCM282 and induce a phase change in preparation for the next adsorption mode.

[0045] The temperatures for the adsorption, desorption, and cooling modes may vary depending on the specific application. In certain embodiments of carbon capture (e.g., CO2 capture), the adsorption mode may be configured to adsorb unwanted gases from gas 340 at a first temperature, the desorption mode may be configured to desorb unwanted gases using a heat source (e.g., a heating fluid) at a second temperature, and the cooling mode may be configured to cool the PCM 282 using a cooling source (e.g., a cooling fluid) at a third temperature, where the second temperature is higher than the first and third temperatures, and the third temperature is lower than the first temperature. For example, the first temperature may be about 40°C (e.g., ±5°C, 10°C, 15°C, or 20°C), the second temperature may be about 100°C, 110°C, 120°C, 130°C, 140°C, or 150°C or higher, and the third temperature may be about 0°C, 5°C, 10°C, 15°C, 20°C, 25°C, or 30°C or lower.

[0046] In the illustrated embodiment, the gas capture system 20 includes a cooling system 292, one or more cooling circuits 294 (e.g., fluid conduits, manifolds, valves, etc.), and a thermal control system 290 having one or more heat exchangers 296 coupled to each contactor assembly 278 in adsorbent gas capture units 252A, 252B, and 252C. The heat exchangers 296 may include one or more heat exchange channels coupled to and / or extending through each contactor assembly 278. The heat exchangers 296 may also include a plurality of heat pipes 298, and each contactor assembly 278 includes one or more heat pipes 298 coupled to and / or extending through each contactor 280 in the contactor assembly 278. The cooling system 292 may include a plurality of components such as components 300, 302, and 304, which include heat exchangers, pumps, valves, coolant sources, or any combination thereof. The thermal control system 290 can cool the contactor 280, adsorbent material 272, and PCM 282 during any one or all of the operating modes (e.g., adsorption mode, desorption mode, and / or cooling mode) by circulating a coolant or cooling fluid (e.g., liquid or gaseous coolant) from the cooling system 292 through the cooling circuit 294 and heat exchanger 296. In certain embodiments, the cooling circuit 294 may include an independent cooling circuit for each of the contactor assemblies 278, so that the thermal control system 290 can separately control the temperature for each of the contactor assemblies 278 depending on the operating mode (e.g., adsorption mode, desorption mode, and / or cooling mode) of the adsorbent gas capture units 252A, 252B, and 252C. In some embodiments, the thermal control system 290 is configured to provide cooling during the cooling mode, thereby cooling the PCM 282 to facilitate regeneration or phase change of the PCM 282 in preparation for the subsequent absorption mode.

[0047] The adsorbent material 272 (e.g., a solid adsorbent) can cover, coat, or generally fill at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, or 100% of the inner surface 274 of the outer conduit wall 262, the outer surface 276 of the contactor 280, and / or other structures within the conduit 254. In some embodiments, the contactor 280 may include a rectangular plate, an airfoil-shaped panel, a parallel arrangement of tubes, a grid arrangement of tubes, multiple cartridges, radial projections, baffles, fins, honeycomb structures, multiple contactor elements supported by bundles, or any combination thereof. The multiple contactor elements may include multiple particles, beads, strips, strands, meshes, or other dispersed structures that leave gaps for fluid flow. As an addition or alternative, the adsorbent material 272 can at least partially fill or pack the internal volume of the central hole or inner surface 274 so that voids (e.g., void ratios of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50% or less) remain to facilitate fluid flow. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the central axis 266 extending from the inlet 268 to the outlet 270 can define the flow path 264 as a straight flow path, a curved flow path, a bent or winding flow path, a spiral or helical flow path, a meandering flow path, a flow path that expands and contracts, a flow path having divisions and / or connections, or any combination thereof. For example, the flow path 264 may be defined as a meandering flow path and may include any number or configuration of the aforementioned flow paths.

[0048] The adsorbent material 272 is carbon oxide (CO2) such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO). X ), nitrogen oxides (NO X ), sulfur oxides such as sulfur dioxide (SO2) (SO XThe adsorbent material 272 may include one or more adsorbent materials configured to adsorb undesirable gases, such as adsorbent materials designed or suitable for adsorbing methane (CH4), or any other undesirable gas described herein, subject to regulation, and / or considered a greenhouse gas. For example, the adsorbent material 272 may include porous solid-phase materials, including mesoporous silica, zeolites (e.g., aluminosilicates), and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs). The aforementioned adsorbent material 272 may be particularly well suited for CO2 adsorption in the adsorbent gas capture unit 252. However, any suitable adsorbent material 272 may be used depending on the desired objective for gas capture of undesirable gases. In certain embodiments, multiple adsorbent gas capture systems 250 may be used in series, with each adsorbent gas capture system 250 using the same or different adsorbent materials 272 to progressively remove and capture the same or different undesirable gases.

[0049] The adsorbent gas capture system 250 may be configured, using a controller 220 and a sensor 222, to alternate between adsorption mode (e.g., adsorbing undesirable gases onto the adsorbent material 272), desorption mode (e.g., desorbing undesirable gases from the adsorbent material 272), and cooling mode (e.g., cooling the adsorbent material 272 and the PCM 282). The controller 220 is configured to control the adsorbent gas capture system 250 to perform alternating operating cycles of the adsorbent gas capture units 252A, 252B, and 252C between different operating modes (e.g., adsorption mode, desorption mode, and cooling mode). For example, during a first duration, the controller 220 can operate the adsorbent gas capture unit 252A in adsorption mode, the adsorbent gas capture unit 252B in desorption mode, and the adsorbent gas capture unit 252C in cooling mode. As a further example, during a second duration, the controller 220 can operate the adsorbent gas capture unit 252A in desorption mode, the adsorbent gas capture unit 252B in cooling mode, and the adsorbent gas capture unit 252C in adsorption mode. As a further example, during a third duration, the controller 220 can operate the adsorbent gas capture unit 252A in cooling mode, the adsorbent gas capture unit 252B in adsorption mode, and the adsorbent gas capture unit 252C in desorption mode. The adsorbent gas capture system 250 may also be configured to operate multiple units of the adsorbent gas capture unit 252 (e.g., two, three, four, or more) simultaneously in each operating mode, such as multiple units 252 in adsorption mode, multiple units 252 in desorption mode, and multiple units 252 in cooling mode. The multiple units 252 may be arranged in series, parallel, or a combination thereof. The controller 220 is configured to alternate between the adsorbent gas capture unit 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, and 252C) between adsorption mode, desorption mode, and cooling mode via multiple support systems.

[0050] The support system may include a thermal control system 290, an upstream flow distribution system 310, and a downstream flow distribution system 312. The upstream flow distribution system 310 includes a gas supply system 314 (or gas intake system), a heating fluid supply system 316 (e.g., a steam and / or heated water supply system), and a cooling fluid supply system 318, while the downstream flow distribution system 312 includes an adsorption post-treatment system 320 (e.g., after the adsorption mode), a desorption post-treatment system 322 (e.g., a gas, steam, and / or heated water treatment system after the desorption mode), and a post-cooling system 324 (e.g., after the cooling mode).

[0051] The gas supply system 314 of the upstream flow distribution system 310 is configured to supply gas 340 (e.g., intake air 60 or exhaust gases 152, 184) to enable adsorption mode when selectively operating each of the adsorbent gas capture units 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, and 252C) in adsorption mode via a controller 220. The gas supply system 314 includes a gas pretreatment system 330 having one or more gas pretreatment components 332, 334, and 336 which may be configured to process, adjust, and / or control the characteristics of the gas 340 upstream from the conduits 254 (e.g., 256, 258, and 260) of the adsorbent gas capture units 252 (e.g., units 252A, 252B, and 252C). For example, the gas pretreatment component 332 may include a thermal control component (e.g., a gas temperature control component) configured to adjust (e.g., raise or lower) the temperature of the gas 340. The heat exchanger can exchange heat with water, exhaust gas, compressor extraction flow, waste heat, or any other thermal fluid. In some embodiments, a waste heat recovery system may be used for heat transfer in the heat exchanger. The gas pretreatment component 334 may include a pressure control component such as a pressure regulator, expander or expansion chamber, contractor or contraction chamber, fan or pump for adding energy, turbine for extracting energy, or another suitable pressure controller. The gas pretreatment component 336 may include one or more contaminant removal units, such as a particulate filter, moisture removal unit or dryer, chemical removal unit, and / or other removal units configured to purify the gas 340. For example, the gas pretreatment component 336 may include a humidity controller configured to maintain a desired relative humidity of the gas 340 that is received by the adsorbent gas capture system 250.

[0052] The gas supply system 314 may also include one or more valves 342 configured to control the distribution of gas 340 to multiple conduits 254 (e.g., 256, 258, and 260) of adsorbent gas capture units 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, and 252C) via distribution conduits 344, 346, and 348. For example, the valves 342 may include one or more multidirectional valves and / or distribution manifolds for separately distributing gas 340 to each adsorbent gas capture unit 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, and 252C) through distribution conduits 344, 346, and / or 348 when operating in adsorption mode in response to a control signal from the controller 220.

[0053] The heating fluid supply system 316 of the upstream flow distribution system 310 is configured to supply heating fluid to enable desorption mode when selectively operating each of the adsorbent gas capture units 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, and 252C) in desorption mode via the controller 220. As will be described in more detail below, the heating fluid supply system 316 may also work in conjunction with the vacuum system of the post-desorption processor 442. The heating fluid supply system 316 includes one or more heating fluid sources 350, such as one or more steam sources, a heated water source, a heated gas source, and / or a waste heat source. Heating fluid may also be described as a sweep fluid, such as a sweep gas or sweep steam. For example, the heating fluid source 350 may include the steam turbine system 14, HRSG 16, a waste heat recovery system (e.g., one that recovers heat from a compressor, pump, generator, reactor, or other power plant equipment), a steam generator or boiler, or any combination thereof. The heating fluid source 350 may be configured to supply a heating fluid 352 (e.g., steam and / or heated water) and / or a heating gas 354 (e.g., heated CO2, air, or an inert gas such as nitrogen) to the heating fluid control device 356 (e.g., steam and / or heating fluid control device) of the heating fluid supply system 316.

[0054] The heating fluid control device 356 may include one or more heating fluid control components 358, 360, and 362 configured to process, adjust, and / or control the properties of the heating fluid 352 and / or heating gas 354 upstream from the conduits 254 (e.g., 256, 258, and 260) of the adsorbent gas capture units 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, and 252C). For example, the heating fluid control component 358 may include a thermal control component (e.g., a temperature control component), such as a heat exchanger, heater, cooler, or any combination thereof, configured to adjust (e.g., raise or lower) the temperature of the heating fluid 352 and / or heating gas 354. The heat exchanger can exchange heat with water, lubricant, coolant, refrigerant, or any other thermal fluid. In some embodiments, a waste heat recovery system may be used for heat transfer in the heat exchanger. The heating fluid control component 360 may include pressure control components such as a pressure regulator, an expander or expansion chamber, a contractor or contraction chamber, a fan or pump for adding energy, a turbine for extracting energy, or another suitable pressure controller. The heating fluid control component 362 may include pretreatment components such as a particulate filter, a chilled water drain pipe, and / or other pretreatment components configured to modify the properties of the heating fluid 352 and / or heating gas 354 or to remove contaminants.

[0055] The heating fluid supply system 316 may also include one or more valves 364 configured to control the distribution of heating fluid 352 (e.g., steam and / or heated water) and / or heated gas 354 to a plurality of conduits 254 (e.g., 256, 258, and 260) of adsorbent gas capture units 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, and 252C) via distribution conduits 366, 368, and 370. For example, when the valves 364 are operating in detachable mode in response to control signals from the controller 220, they may include one or more multidirectional valves and / or distribution manifolds for separately distributing the heating fluid 352 (e.g., steam and / or heated water) and / or heated gas 354 to each adsorbent gas capture unit 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, and 252C) via distribution conduits 366, 368, and / or 370.

[0056] The cooling fluid supply system 318 of the upstream flow distribution system 310 is configured to supply cooling fluid to enable the cooling mode when selectively operating each of the adsorbent gas capture units 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, and 252C) in cooling mode via the controller 220. The cooling fluid supply system 318 includes one or more cooling fluid supply sources 372, such as one or more water supply sources, cooling air supply sources, cooling inert gas (e.g., nitrogen) supply sources, cooling CO2 supply sources, or any combination thereof. The cooling fluid supply sources 372 may be configured to supply a coolant or cooling fluid 374 (e.g., a liquid or gaseous coolant) to the cooling fluid control device 376 of the cooling fluid supply system 318.

[0057] The cooling fluid control device 376 includes one or more cooling fluid control components 378, 380, and 382 that may be configured to process, adjust, and / or control the properties of the cooling fluid 374 upstream from the conduits 254 (e.g., 256, 258, and 260) of the adsorbent gas capture units 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, and 252C). For example, cooling fluid control component 378 may include a thermal control component (e.g., a temperature control component), such as a heat exchanger, heater, cooler, or any combination thereof, configured to adjust (e.g., raise or lower) the temperature of the cooling fluid 374. The heat exchanger can exchange heat with water, lubricant, coolant, refrigerant, or any other thermal fluid. Cooling fluid control component 380 may include a pressure control component, such as a pressure regulator, expander or expansion chamber, contracter or contract chamber, fan or pump for adding energy, turbine for extracting energy, or another suitable pressure controller. The cooling fluid control component 382 may include pretreatment components, such as a particulate filter and / or other pretreatment components configured to modify the properties of the cooling fluid 374 or remove contaminants.

[0058] The cooling fluid supply system 318 may also include one or more valves 384 configured to control the distribution of cooling fluid 374 (e.g., liquid or gaseous coolant) to multiple conduits 254 (e.g., 256, 258, and 260) of adsorbent gas capture units 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, and 252C) via distribution conduits 386, 388, and 390. For example, the valves 384 may include one or more multidirectional valves and / or distribution manifolds for separately distributing the cooling fluid 374 to each adsorbent gas capture unit 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, and 252C) through distribution conduits 386, 388, and 390 when operating in cooling mode in response to a control signal from the controller 220.

[0059] In the illustrated embodiment, the controller 220 is configured to control the upstream flow distribution system 310 to alternately distribute the flow of gas 340 in adsorption mode, heating fluid 352 and / or heating gas 354 in desorption mode, and cooling fluid 374 in cooling mode to different adsorbent gas capture units 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, and 252C) having adsorbent material 272 and PCM 282. In adsorption mode, gas 340 (e.g., intake air 60 or exhaust gases 152, 184) flows through the conduit 254 of the selected adsorbent gas capture unit 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, or 252C) and comes into contact with the adsorbent material 272 located on the inner surface 274 of the outer conduit wall 262 and / or the outer surface 276 of the contactor 280, thereby adsorbing undesirable gases (e.g., CO2) from gas 340. The PCM282 absorbs the heat generated during the adsorption of undesirable gases, thereby helping to maintain the temperature within an appropriate temperature range (e.g., between an upper and lower temperature threshold). Furthermore, the thermal control system 290 can cool the contactor 280, the adsorbent material 272, and the PCM282 by circulating the coolant through the heat exchanger 296. The thermal control system 290 can also facilitate heat transfer to the coolant through the multiple heat pipes 298 of the heat exchanger 296. The adsorbent system gas capture unit 252 then discharges the treated gas 400 (e.g., containing little or virtually no undesirable gases) to the post-adsorption treatment system 320.

[0060] In the desorption mode, the heating fluid 352 and / or heating gas 354 flow through the conduit 254 of the selected adsorbent gas capture unit 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, or 252C) and come into contact with the adsorbent material 272 located on the inner surface 274 of the outer conduit wall 262 and / or the outer surface 276 of the contactor 280, thereby heating the adsorbent material 272 and facilitating the desorption of undesirable gases (e.g., CO2) from the adsorbent material 272. In some embodiments, the desorption mode may be configured to indirectly heat the adsorbent material 272 via a heating circuit (e.g., heating conduit) extending through the adsorbent gas capture unit 252. For example, a thermal control system 290 may circulate the heating fluid through a heat exchanger 296 to heat the contactor 280, the adsorbent material 272, and the PCM 282. The thermal control system 290 can also facilitate heat transfer from the heating fluid across the contactor 280 via multiple heat pipes 298 of the heat exchanger 296. The adsorbent gas capture unit 252 then discharges the fluid flow 402 containing undesirable gases, heating fluid 352, and / or heating gas 354 for further processing by the desorption post-treatment system 322. During the desorption mode, the PCM 282 can also absorb heat from the heating fluid 352 and / or heating gas 354. However, the cooling mode is configured to extract heat from the PCM 282 before the subsequent adsorption mode.

[0061] In cooling mode, the cooling fluid 374 flows through the conduit 254 of the selected adsorbent gas capture unit 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, or 252C) and comes into contact with the adsorbent material 272 located on the inner surface 274 of the outer conduit wall 262 and / or the outer surface 276 of the contactor 280, thereby cooling the adsorbent material 272, PCM 282, and contactor 280. In some embodiments, the cooling mode may be configured to indirectly cool the adsorbent material 272, PCM 282, and contactor 280 via a cooling circuit (e.g., cooling conduit) extending through the adsorbent gas capture unit 252. For example, a thermal control system 290 can circulate the cooling fluid through a heat exchanger 296 to cool the contactor 280, adsorbent material 272, and PCM 282. The thermal control system 290 can also facilitate heat transfer away from the contactor 280, adsorbent material 272, and PCM 282 via multiple heat pipes 298 of the heat exchanger 296. The cooling mode is configured to cool and regenerate the PCM 282 by driving a phase change before the subsequent adsorption mode. The adsorbent system gas capture unit 252 then discharges the fluid flow 404 (e.g., cooling fluid 374) for processing by the post-cooling system 324.

[0062] In certain embodiments, the adsorbent gas capture system 250 includes a movable adsorbent system configured to move the adsorbent material 272 and PCM 282 continuously or periodically between adsorption, desorption, and cooling modes. For example, the adsorbent gas capture system 250 may include a rotating contactor assembly or wheel configured to rotate after adsorption, desorption, and cooling, thereby providing a continuous flow of the captured unwanted gas (e.g., rotating a contactor having the adsorbent material 272 and PCM 282). For example, the wheel (rotating contactor having the adsorbent material 272 and PCM 282) may extend into each of a plurality of conduits 254 and rotate continuously through the conduits 254. While the wheel is rotating, one or more of the conduits 254 carry a treated gas 340 to remove unwanted gases, while one or more of the conduits 254 simultaneously carry a heated fluid 352 and / or heated gas 354 to remove and capture unwanted gases (e.g., CO2) to produce a captured gas 204, while one or more of the conduits 254 simultaneously carry a cooled fluid 374 to regenerate the PCM 282. For desorption, the heated fluid 352 and / or heated gas 354 may be delivered or generally configured to provide direct and / or indirect heat transfer to the adsorbent material 272, thereby aiding in the separation and capture of unwanted gases.

[0063] In the illustrated embodiment, the controller 220 is configured to control the downstream flow distribution system 312 to alternately distribute the flow from each adsorbent gas capture unit 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, and 252C) to the treated gas 400 in the adsorption mode to the post-adsorption system 320, to distribute the fluid flow 402 (e.g., undesirable gas, heating fluid 352, and / or heating gas 354) to the post-desorption system 322 in the desorption mode, and to distribute the fluid flow 404 (e.g., cooling fluid 374) to the post-cooling system 324 in the cooling mode. In a particular embodiment, the downstream flow distribution system 312 includes one or more valves 410 fluid-coupled to adsorbent gas capture unit 252A, one or more valves 412 fluid-coupled to adsorbent gas capture unit 252B, and one or more valves 414 fluid-coupled to adsorbent gas capture unit 252C. Each valve 410 may include one or more multidirectional valves and / or distribution manifolds connected to distribution conduits 416, 418, and 420, which are connected to the adsorption post-treatment system 320, the desorption post-treatment system 322, and the post-cooling system 324. Each valve 412 may include one or more multidirectional valves and / or distribution manifolds connected to distribution conduits 422, 424, and 426, which are connected to the adsorption post-treatment system 320, the desorption post-treatment system 322, and the post-cooling system 324. Each valve 414 may include one or more multidirectional valves and / or distribution manifolds connected to distribution conduits 428, 430, and 432, which are connected to the adsorption post-treatment system 320, the desorption post-treatment system 322, and the post-cooling system 324. During operation, the controller 220 is configured to control valves 410, 412, and 414 to separately control the flow from the adsorbent gas capture units 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, and 252C) to the post-adsorption processing system 320 in adsorption mode, to the post-desorption processing system 322 in desorption mode, and to the post-cooling system 324 in cooling mode.

[0064] The adsorption posttreatment system 320 includes a treated gas treatment system 440, which may include an exhaust stack, a further gas treatment system, or any other suitable posttreatment equipment. In certain embodiments, the adsorption posttreatment system 320 may recirculate all or part of the treated gas 400 to the EGR system 150, as described above with reference to Figure 1.

[0065] The desorption post-processing system 322 may include a desorption processor 442 having one or more desorption post-processing components 444, 446, and 448. In certain embodiments, the fluid flow 402 led to the desorption processor 442 is a result of the desorption mode, and the heated fluid 352 (e.g., steam and / or heated water) and / or heated gas 354 are led through conduits 254 of the adsorbent gas capture unit 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, or 252C) to desorb unwanted gases (e.g., CO2) from the adsorbent material 272. Therefore, one or more desorption / posttreatment components 444, 446, and 448 (e.g., gas, steam, and / or heated water treatment components) may be configured to process, adjust, and / or control the characteristics of the fluid flow 402 (e.g., gas, steam, and / or heated water flow) from the conduits 254 (e.g., 256, 258, and 260) of the adsorbent gas capture unit 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, and 252C). For example, the desorption / posttreatment component 444 may include a capture gas / heated fluid separator configured to separate the heated fluid 352 (e.g., steam and / or heated water) and / or heated gas 354 from the captured gas, thereby outputting water 450 (e.g., condensate) and captured gas 204. Examples of capture gas / heated fluid separators include thermal control components, pressure control components, chemical separation components, or combinations thereof. For example, the capture gas / heated fluid separator may be configured to use a condenser to liquefy or cool the heated fluid 352 (e.g., steam). The desorption post-treatment component 446 may include one or more removal units configured to remove contaminants from the water 450 and / or the capture gas 204. For water 450, the removal unit may include a particulate filter and / or a water treatment unit. For the capture gas 204, the removal unit may include a particulate filter, a water removal unit or dryer, or a further gas treatment unit. The desorption post-treatment component 448 may include one or more pressure control components and / or flow control components, such as one or more pumps for the water 450 and one or more compressors for the capture gas 204.The desorption / post-treatment component 448 may also include a vacuum system having one or more vacuum pumps configured to draw the flow of captured gas / heated fluid from the adsorbent gas capture unit 252. In other words, the vacuum pumps are configured to create a low-pressure environment to help draw the flow of captured gas / heated fluid from the adsorbent gas capture unit 252.

[0066] The post-cooling system 324 may include a cooling fluid recirculation system 452 configured to recirculate the fluid flow 404 as cooling fluid 374 to the cooling fluid supply system 318. The cooling fluid recirculation system 452 may include components 454, 456, and 458, such as a recirculation pump, compressor, or booster fan, a cooling system, and flow control valves. The cooling system may include a heat exchanger configured to transfer heat away from the fluid flow 404, thereby cooling the fluid flow for further use as cooling fluid 374. In certain embodiments, the heat available from the fluid flow 404 may be recovered in one or more heat exchangers to heat the heating fluid 352 and / or heating gas 354 of the heating fluid supply system 316, thereby reducing the total heating energy demand. The remaining lower heat from the fluid flow 404 may then be discarded into the surroundings.

[0067] The controller 220 is configured to receive feedback from the sensor 222 to facilitate the adjustment of various operating parameters and change the operating modes (e.g., adsorption mode, desorption mode, and cooling mode) of the adsorbent gas capture units 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, and 252C). For example, the controller 220 may be configured to alternate the flow (e.g., gas 340, heated fluid 352 and / or heated gas 354, and cooling fluid 374) through multiple conduits 254 (e.g., 256, 258, and 260) so that the adsorbent gas capture units 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, and 252C) can alternate between adsorption mode, desorption mode, and cooling mode. In adsorption mode, the conduit 254 receives the flow of gas 340, adsorbs undesirable gases (e.g., CO2) from gas 340 into the adsorbent material 272, and outputs treated gas 400 with reduced content or concentration levels of undesirable gases. The adsorption of undesirable gases onto the adsorbent material 272 is an exothermic process that generates heat. A thermal control system 290, including a PCM 282, a heat exchanger 296, and a heat pipe 298, helps regulate the temperature of the adsorbent material 272 during the adsorption mode, thereby maintaining or improving the adsorption efficiency of the adsorbent material 272. In the desorption mode, the conduit 254 receives a flow of heated fluid 352 (e.g., steam and / or heated water) and / or heated gas 352, desorbing undesirable gases (e.g., CO2) from the adsorbent material 272 into the heated fluid 352 and / or heated gas 352, and outputs a fluid flow 402 (e.g., heated fluid 352 and / or heated gas 354 rich in undesirable gases such as CO2) having the desorbed undesirable gases. The desorption of undesirable gases from the adsorbent material 272 is an endothermic process, and the heating fluid 352 and / or heating gas 352 provide sufficient heat (e.g., directly or indirectly) to drive the desorption of undesirable gases (e.g., CO2) from the adsorbent material 272. In cooling mode, the conduit 254 receives a flow of cooling fluid 374 (e.g., a gaseous or liquid coolant), thereby cooling the adsorbent material 272, contactor 280, and PCM 282.Cooling the PCM282 causes a phase change, and as a result, the PCM282 is regenerated for a different adsorption mode.

[0068] The controller 220 is configured to monitor sensors 222, such as sensors 222 located at or upstream of the inlet 266, and sensors 222 located at or downstream of the outlet 268, to evaluate the rates of adsorption, desorption, and cooling, the concentration levels of undesirable gases, and other characteristics that affect the operating modes of the adsorbent gas capture units 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, and 252C). If the sensors 222 indicate that the operating modes of the adsorbent gas capture units 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, and 252C) (e.g., adsorption mode, desorption mode, and cooling mode) need to be alternated, the controller 220 may be configured to control valves 342, 364, 384, 410, 412, and 414 to change the flow through the conduit 254 to support the desired operating modes. The sensor 222 can also monitor the temperature of the adsorbent material 272 and / or PCM 282 and adjust the thermal control system 290 to provide heating or cooling (e.g., cooling between adsorption and cooling modes, and heating during desorption modes) depending on the operating mode.

[0069] For gas 340 treated in one of the conduits 254 in adsorption mode, the controller 220 may be configured to control the gas pretreatment system 330 to control the characteristics of the gas 340 (e.g., temperature, pressure, flow rate, etc.). Similarly, the controller 220 is configured to control the treated gas treatment system 440 to control the treatment of treated gas 400 discharged from one or more of the conduits 254. For heating fluid 352 (e.g., steam and / or heated water) and / or heated gas 354 supporting the desorption mode in one of the conduits 254, the controller 220 may be configured to control the HRSG 16, steam turbine system 14, heating fluid control device 356, or any combination thereof, to control the characteristics of the heating fluid 352 and / or heated gas 354 (e.g., temperature, pressure, flow rate, steam content, water content, etc.). Similarly, the controller 220 is configured to control the post-desorption processor 442 to control the processing of the fluid flow 402 discharged from one or more of the conduits 254 (including undesirable gases desorbed during desorption mode). For the cooling fluid 374 supporting the cooling mode in one of the conduits 254, the controller 220 may be configured to control the cooling fluid control device 376 and / or the cooling fluid recirculation system 452 to control the characteristics of the cooling fluid 374 (e.g., temperature, pressure, flow rate, etc.). Similarly, the controller 220 is configured to control the cooling fluid recirculation system 452 to control the processing of the fluid flow 404 (e.g., cooling fluid 374) discharged from one or more of the conduits 254.

[0070] Figure 3 is a flowchart of one embodiment of the gas treatment process 500 of the gas treatment system 18 in Figures 1-2, such as a gas capture system 20 (e.g., an adsorbent gas capture system 250). Process 500 may be controlled via a controller 220 or another suitable controller, computer, or electronic device. As illustrated, process 500 includes controlling the flow of gas (e.g., exhaust gas) across the adsorbent material of the carbon capture system to adsorb unwanted gas (e.g., CO2) into the adsorbent material during the adsorption mode (block 502). For example, gas 340 may flow across the adsorbent material 272 in one of the adsorbent gas capture units 252, such as the adsorbent material 272 along the inner surface 274 of the outer conduit wall 262 and / or the outer surface 276 of the contactor 280. Process 500 also includes controlling the temperature of the adsorbent material via a phase change material (PCM) and / or a cooling system during the adsorption mode (block 504). For example, the adsorbent gas capture unit 252 may include a PCM 282 covered with an adsorbent material 272, which absorbs heat generated due to the adsorption of undesirable gases (e.g., CO2) onto the adsorbent material 272, causing a phase change in the PCM 282. During the phase change, the PCM 282 helps to control the temperature of the adsorbent material 272 within an upper and lower temperature threshold. Furthermore, the adsorbent gas capture unit 252 may include a cooling system 292 coupled to a heat exchanger 296 having a heat pipe 298, and the heat exchanger 296 and heat pipe 298 may be coupled to a contactor 280 of a contactor assembly 278. The heat exchanger 296 is configured to circulate a cooling fluid 374 (e.g., a liquid or gaseous coolant) to help cool the adsorbent material 272, and the heat pipe 298 helps to transfer heat from the contactor 280 to the cooling fluid. Next, process 500 outputs treated gas from the adsorption mode (block 506). For example, the treated gas may include treated gas 400 (e.g., exhaust gas with low or virtually no CO2) (e.g., with low or virtually no undesirable gases).

[0071] After the adsorption mode, process 500 may include controlling the flow of a heating fluid across the adsorbent material to heat the adsorbent material during the desorption mode and desorb unwanted gases from the adsorbent material (block 508). For example, the heating fluid may include a heating fluid 352 (e.g., steam and / or heated water) and / or a heating gas 354 (e.g., heated CO2, air, or an inert gas such as nitrogen) which heat the adsorbent material 272 to desorb unwanted gases (e.g., CO2). The heating fluid may also further heat the PCM 282 during the desorption mode (e.g., sensible heat rather than latent heat). Process 500 then retrieves the captured gas from the desorption mode (block 510). The captured gas may include a captured gas 204 such as CO2.

[0072] After the desorption mode, process 500 may include controlling the flow of a cooling fluid to cool the PCM during the cooling mode (block 512). For example, a cooling fluid supply system 318 may supply a cooling fluid 374 (e.g., a liquid or gaseous coolant) to the adsorbent gas capture unit 252, thereby cooling the PCM 282 and causing a phase change and regeneration of the PCM 282 before the subsequent absorption mode. As a further example, a cooling system 292 may supply a cooling fluid 374 (e.g., a liquid or gaseous coolant) to the adsorbent gas capture unit 252, thereby cooling the PCM 282 and causing a phase change and regeneration of the PCM 282 before the subsequent absorption mode. Process 500 may then proceed to repeat another cycle of the adsorption mode, desorption mode, and cooling mode, as shown by steps 502, 504, 506, 508, 510, and 512 (block 514).

[0073] Figure 4 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the gas capture system 20 of Figure 2 (e.g., adsorbent gas capture system 250), further illustrating one embodiment of the contactor assembly 278 and thermal control system 290 of the adsorbent gas capture unit 252. In the illustrated embodiment, the contactor assembly 278 includes a plurality of contactors 280 arranged parallel to each other, and the adsorbent gas capture system 250 is configured to flow gas 340 (e.g., intake air 60 or exhaust gases 152, 184) around and between the plurality of contactors 280. Furthermore, the adsorbent gas capture system 250 includes a thermal control system 290 having a cooling system 292 coupled to the contactor assembly 278. The cooling system 292 includes a cooling circuit 294 having a heat exchanger 296 coupled to each contactor 280 in the contactor assembly 278, and each contactor 280 includes one or more heat pipes 298 coupled to the heat exchanger 296. As will be described in more detail below, each contactor 280 within the contactor assembly 278 includes an adsorbent material 272 and a PCM 282.

[0074] In the illustrated embodiment, each contactor 280 includes a body 284 having an outer surface 276 arranged around an internal portion 286, the body 284 including a panel 520 (e.g., a fin, plate, or sheet) extending from an upstream wall 522 (e.g., a leading edge or nose portion) to a downstream wall 524 (e.g., a trailing edge or tail portion), opposing side walls 526 and 528 (e.g., opposing surfaces) extending from the upstream wall 522 to the downstream wall 524, and opposing walls 530 and 532 (e.g., upper and lower edges) extending from the upstream wall 522 to the downstream wall 524. In a particular embodiment, the panel 520 may be a flat panel, such as a flat rectangular panel, extending parallel to the plane in the direction of gas flow 340. Thus, the opposing side walls 526 and 528 may be flat parallel side walls. In some embodiments, the panel 520 may have an airfoil-shaped body (e.g., an airfoil section), and the opposing side walls 526 and 528 are curved from the upstream wall 522 to the downstream wall 524. However, the panel 520 is not limited to any particular geometric shape. The panel 520 may be solid or hollow depending on the structure supporting the PCM 282. Thus, as will be described in more detail below, the panel 520 may be substantially or entirely made from the PCM 282 (e.g., solid-solid PCM), or the panel 520 may contain or house the PCM 282 (e.g., solid-solid PCM, solid-liquid PCM, solid-gas PCM, or liquid-gas PCM) within the internal portion 286, or a combination thereof.

[0075] Each contactor 280 has one or more heat pipes 298 extending inward through an internal portion 286 of the body 284, outward along the outer surface 276 of the body 284, or in combination thereof, and the heat pipes 298 are mechanically and thermally coupled to the heat exchanger 296. Each heat pipe 298 may include a casing or enclosure 534 arranged around a chamber 536 containing a working fluid 538. For example, the heat pipe 298 may include an evaporator or evaporation portion 540 and a condenser or condensate portion 542 at both ends of the heat pipe 298, the condensate portion 542 being directly adjacent to (e.g., in contact with) the heat exchanger 296, and the evaporation portion 540 being distal to (e.g., offset from) the heat exchanger 296 and in contact with the contactor 280.

[0076] During operation, the heat pipe 298 transfers heat from the contactor 280 through the enclosure 534 to the working fluid 538 in the evaporation section 540, causing the working fluid 538 to change phase from liquid to gas. The working fluid 538 (e.g., gas phase) then moves or circulates through the heat pipe 298 from the evaporation section 540 to the condensate section 542. In the condensate section 542, the heat exchanger 296 transfers heat from the working fluid 538 to the cooling fluid 544 (e.g., liquid or gaseous coolant) which circulates through the cooling circuit 294, thereby cooling and condensing the working fluid 538 into the liquid phase. The working fluid 538 (e.g., liquid phase) then moves or circulates through the heat pipe 298 from the condensate section 542 to the evaporation section 540, and heat is again transferred from the contactor 280 to the working fluid 538, causing a phase change from liquid to gas. Therefore, the heat pipe 298 is configured to repeatedly perform evaporation and condensation cycles within the heat pipe 298, thereby transferring heat from the contactor 280 to the heat exchanger 296 via the working fluid 538. The working fluid 538 may be selected based on a desired operating temperature and therefore may include ammonia, alcohol (e.g., methanol or ethanol), water, or any combination of working fluids. The chamber 536 may also include a wick structure configured to facilitate capillary action of the working fluid 538 to the liquid phase.

[0077] The heat exchanger 296 may include various configurations and connections to the contactors 280. In the illustrated embodiment, the heat exchanger 296 includes fluid conduits 546 coupled to each of the contactors 280 and their respective heat pipes 298. In some embodiments, the heat exchanger 296 may include a plurality of parallel fluid conduits 546, each of which is separately coupled to each of the contactors 280 and their respective heat pipes 298. In some embodiments, the fluid conduits 546 extend over at least 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, or 100% of the wall 530 of each contactor 280 and can be coupled to a plurality of heat pipes 298 (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more) in each contactor 280. In some embodiments, the fluid conduit 546 may include a wound conduit, a helical conduit, or a combination thereof, and the fluid conduit 546 may include multiple independent contact points (e.g., thermal and mechanical contacts) along the wall 530 of each contactor 280. In some embodiments, as will be described in more detail below, the cooling circuit 294 may extend through the heat exchanger 296 (e.g., the fluid conduit 546) and one or more cooling circuits within each contactor 280 of the contactor assembly 278. Furthermore, as will be described in more detail below, each contactor 280 of the contactor assembly 278 may include multiple fins to increase the surface area of ​​the outer surface 276, thereby providing a larger surface area for the adsorbent material 272 and a larger surface area for heat transfer.

[0078] Figure 5 is a partial side view of one embodiment of a contactor 280 of a contactor assembly 278 of Figures 2 and 4, further showing a plurality of fins 550 protruding from the body 284 of the contactor 280. Each contactor 280 of the contactor assembly 278 may include a plurality of fins 550 along any portion or all of the outer surface 276, including one or more of the upstream wall 522, the downstream wall 524, the opposing side walls 526 and 528, the opposing walls 530 and 532, or any combination thereof. In the illustrated embodiment, the fins 550 are rectangular plates oriented parallel to each other. The fins 550 may include height 552, width 554, and spacing 556, which may be constant or variable on the various walls of the outer surface 276. The height 552 is greater than the width 554, for example, at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 times greater than the width 554. The interval 556 may be less than, equal to, or greater than the width 554.

[0079] As will be described in more detail below, the fins 550 and / or the body 284 may be fabricated at least substantially or entirely from a thermally conductive material, PCM 282, or a combination thereof, while the adsorbent material 272 is located on the outside of the body 284 (e.g., along the outer surface 276). In certain embodiments, the fins 550 may be formed integrally with the body 284 as a continuous, one-piece structure, and the body 284 may be a solid or hollow body. Due to the hollow structure of the body 284, the PCM 282 may be located on the inside of the body 284 (e.g., within the internal portion 286), while the adsorbent material 272 is located on the outside of the body 284 (e.g., along the outer surface 276). Due to the solid structure of the body 284, the PCM 282 may form all or part of the structure of the body 284 including the fins 550, while the adsorbent material 272 is located on the outside of the body 284 (e.g., along the outer surface 276). In certain embodiments, the fins 550 may be detachably or permanently coupled to the main body 284.

[0080] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional side view of one embodiment of the contactor 280 of the contactor assembly 278 of Figures 2, 4, and 5, further illustrating one embodiment of the structure of the contactor 280. In the illustrated embodiment, the body 284 of the contactor 280 has an outer wall 288 defining an enclosure 560 (e.g., outer shell, casing, or container) arranged around an internal portion 286, the internal portion 286 including a PCM 282. The fins 550 may be formed integrally with the outer wall 288 as a continuous, integral structure, or the fins 550 may be detachably or fixedly coupled to the outer wall 288. Adsorbent material 272 is arranged on the outer surface 276 of the body 284 in one or more layers 562, and one or more layers 562 of the adsorbent material 272 may at least substantially or completely cover the outer surface 276. In particular, one or more layers 562 of the adsorbent material 272 extend over the outer surface 276 of the outer wall 288 that defines the enclosure 560 including the fins 550. One or more layers 562 of the adsorbent material 272 may have a thickness of adsorbent material that is less than, equal to, or greater than the wall thickness of the outer wall 288. The PCM 282 arranged in the internal portion 286 may include one or more PCM materials, including one or more solid-liquid PCMs, solid-solid PCMs, solid-gas PCMs, liquid-gas PCMs, or any combination thereof. For example, the internal portion 286 may include a hollow cavity or chamber that is at least substantially or completely filled with the PCM 282. As a further example, the internal portion 286 may be a solid structure made from solid-solid PCM 282.

[0081] In certain embodiments, the adsorbent material 272 may comprise one or more layers 562 of the above-described adsorbent materials, the body 284 and fins 550 may comprise a thermally conductive material, and the internal portion 286 comprises PCM 282. Thus, the body 284 and fins 550 provide a conductive heat transfer path between the adsorbent material 272 and PCM 282. The thermally conductive material of the body 284 and fins 550 (including the outer wall 288 defining the enclosure 560) may comprise a thermally conductive metal (e.g., aluminum, copper, etc.), a thermally conductive composite material (e.g., a substrate having multiple thermally conductive additives such as fibers, particles, etc.), or any combination thereof. The thermally conductive composite material may comprise a thermally conductive polymer or polymer composite material (e.g., a polymer having thermally conductive additives), and the thermally conductive additives may comprise alumina, silica, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, silicon carbide, graphite, diamond, graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, or any combination thereof.

[0082] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional side view of one embodiment of the contactor 280 of the contactor assembly 278 of Figures 2, 4, and 5, further illustrating one embodiment of the structure of the contactor 280 having a solid PCM 282. In the illustrated embodiment, the body 284 of the contactor 280 has an internal portion 286 that is substantially or entirely formed of the PCM 282 (e.g., solid PCM). In other words, the body 284 of the contactor 280 excludes the outer wall 288 that defines the enclosure 560 and instead defines the structure of the body 284 having the PCM 282 (e.g., solid PCM). In certain embodiments, the body 284 may include or exclude an internal support structure or framework 570 having a plurality of interconnected beams 572 and cross supports 574 within the PCM 282 (e.g., solid PCM), the framework 570 being configured to provide structural support to the PCM 282 and the contactor 280 as a whole. In the illustrated embodiment, the PCM 282 (e.g., solid PCM) forming the body 284 is directly covered by one or more layers 562 of the adsorbent material 272. In other words, one or more layers 562 of the adsorbent material 272 are directly placed on the PCM 282 (e.g., solid PCM). As a result, a direct conductive heat transfer path exists between the adsorbent material 272 and the PCM 282. In some embodiments, one or more intermediate layers may be placed between the PCM 282 and the adsorbent material 272. The intermediate layers may also allow a conductive heat transfer path between the adsorbent material 272 and the PCM 282.

[0083] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the thermal control system 290 of Figures 2 and 4, further illustrating one embodiment of a cooling circuit 294, heat exchanger 296, and heat pipe 298 coupled to a contactor 280 of a contactor assembly 278. In the illustrated embodiment, the cooling circuit 294 includes a circuit portion 580 located on the heat exchanger 296 and a circuit portion 582 located on each contactor 280 within the contactor assembly 278. The circuit portion 580 may include one or more cooling passages 584 (e.g., U-shaped cooling passages), and the circuit portion 580 may include one or more cooling passages 586 (e.g., U-shaped cooling passages). The cooling circuit 294 (e.g., circuit portions 580 and 582) may have any orientation and configuration of cooling passages, including horizontal, vertical, inclined, or any combination thereof. Cooling passages 584 and 586 are mechanically and fluidly coupled to each other, thereby forming a portion of the cooling circuit 294 within the heat exchanger 296 and contactor 280. Cooling passages 584 and 586 may include cooling tubes, conduits, or channels arranged integrally or separately through the heat exchanger 296 and contactor 280. For example, cooling passage 584 may be integrally formed within the body of the heat exchanger 296, and cooling passage 586 may be integrally formed within the body 284 of the contactor 284. In the illustrated embodiment, the cooling circuit 294 alternates between the cooling passages 584 of circuit section 580 and the cooling passages 586 of circuit section 582, thereby defining the winding flow paths through the heat exchanger 296 and contactor 280. In some embodiments, the cooling circuit 294 may include a plurality of separate winding flow paths through the heat exchanger 296 and contactor 280.

[0084] In the illustrated embodiment, the thermal control system 290 includes a plurality of spaced-apart heat pipes 298 within the body 284 of the contactor 280. For example, the heat pipes 298 may be located inside and / or along each of the cooling passages 586 (e.g., U-shaped cooling passages) of the circuit section 582, and the heat pipes 298 are mechanically and thermally coupled to both the heat exchanger 296 and the contactor 280. In some embodiments, the thermal control system 290 includes any one or more of the heat pipes 298, the circuit section 580 in the heat exchanger 296, the circuit section 582 in the contactor 280, or any combination thereof.

[0085] During operation, the thermal control system 290 is configured to provide thermal control of the adsorbent material 272, PCM 282, and contactor 280 during the various modes described above (e.g., adsorption mode, desorption mode, and cooling mode). For example, the thermal control system 290 may be configured to assist in the cooling of the adsorbent material 272 in combination with the thermal control provided by the PCM 282 during the adsorption mode. As a further example, the thermal control system 290 may be configured to assist in the heating of the adsorbent material 272 during the desorption mode. As a further example, the thermal control system 290 may be configured to assist in the cooling and regeneration of the PCM 282 during the cooling mode. For cooling purposes, the heat pipe 298 is configured to transfer heat from the contactor 280 to the heat exchanger 296, and the circuit sections 580 and 582 are configured to transfer heat from the contactor 280 and the heat exchanger 296 to the cooling fluid 544 circulating through the cooling circuit 296. For heating purposes, heat transfer may be reversed in the heat exchanger 296 and heat pipe 298, and the cooling fluid 544 may be heated to function as a heating fluid. In some embodiments, the thermal control system 290 may be used only for cooling purposes and / or primarily for cooling purposes, with the heating function provided for better thermal control. Thus, the PCM 282 may be used alone or in combination with the heat exchanger 296 and heat pipe 298 of the thermal control system 290, thereby helping to improve the efficiency of the adsorbent gas capture system 250.

[0086] The technical effect of the present invention is to include one or more PCM282 configured to help absorb heat during the adsorption or absorption of undesirable gases, thereby increasing the efficiency of the adsorption or absorption process. For example, the PCM282 can absorb heat generated during the adsorption of undesirable gases onto the adsorbent material 272, thereby helping to reduce the temperature rise of the adsorbent material 272, which would otherwise cause a decrease in the storage capacity (e.g., adsorption capacity) of the adsorbent material 272 for adsorbing undesirable gases. As a result, the temperature of the adsorbent material 272 can be controlled to remain below an upper temperature threshold and / or between the upper and lower temperature thresholds, which generally results in a larger storage capacity (e.g., at least 50, 60, 70, or 80% larger adsorption capacity) for the adsorbent material 272 compared to higher temperatures.

[0087] The subject matter described in detail above may be governed by one or more of the following clauses.

[0088] The system includes a gas capture system having a first adsorbent having a first adsorbent material and a first phase change material. The first adsorbent material is configured to adsorb unwanted gases from a gas stream during the adsorption mode. The first phase change material is configured to absorb heat during the adsorption mode to increase the capacity of the first adsorbent material for adsorbing unwanted gases.

[0089] The system according to a prior claim, wherein the gas flow includes exhaust gas generated from a combustion system.

[0090] The system according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a gas turbine system having a combustion system, a generator driven by a gas turbine system, or a combination thereof.

[0091] The system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the gas capture system is a carbon capture system.

[0092] The system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the undesirable gas includes carbon dioxide (CO2).

[0093] The system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first adsorbent is configured to desorb undesirable gases from the first adsorbent material in a desorption mode, and the first adsorbent is configured to cool and regenerate the first phase change material in a cooling mode.

[0094] The system according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a controller coupled to a gas capture system, wherein the controller is configured to selectively change the operating mode of a first adsorbent in the order of adsorption mode, desorption mode, and cooling mode.

[0095] The system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the controller is configured to enable a gas flow through the first adsorbent in adsorption mode, a heating fluid through the first adsorbent in desorption mode, and a cooling fluid through the first adsorbent in cooling mode.

[0096] The gas capture system according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a second adsorbent having a second adsorbent material and a second phase change material, a first adsorbent comprising a first duct having a first contactor assembly having a first adsorbent material and a first phase change material, and a second adsorbent comprising a second duct having a second contactor assembly having a second adsorbent material and a second phase change material.

[0097] The gas capture system according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a third adsorbent having a third duct with a third contactor assembly having a third adsorbent material and a third phase change material.

[0098] The system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first phase change material includes a solid-to-solid phase change material, a solid-to-liquid phase change material, a solid-to-gas phase change material, a liquid-to-gas phase change material, or any combination thereof.

[0099] The system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first adsorbent comprises a contactor having one or more heat pipes, a heat exchanger having a cooling circuit, a plurality of fins, or any combination thereof, and the contactor comprises a first adsorbent material and a first phase change material.

[0100] The system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein heat is generated at least partially from a first adsorbent material that adsorbs an undesirable gas during the adsorption mode, and the first phase change material is configured to absorb the heat, thereby enabling the first adsorbent material to operate between higher and lower temperatures during the adsorption mode.

[0101] The system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first phase change material is configured to absorb heat, thereby enabling the first adsorbent material to operate in an isothermal operating mode.

[0102] The system according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a conductive heat transfer path between a first adsorbent material and a first phase change material.

[0103] The system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first adsorbent material is directly placed on the first phase change material.

[0104] The system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a first adsorbent material is placed on a first side surface of a wall, and a first phase change material is placed on a second side surface of a wall, and the first and second sides face each other.

[0105] The system according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising an enclosure having walls arranged around an internal portion, wherein a first phase change material is disposed in the internal portion and a first adsorbent material is disposed along the outer surface of the walls.

[0106] The system includes memory, a processor, and a controller having instructions stored in memory and executable by the processor to selectively change the operating modes of the gas capture system in the order of adsorption mode, desorption mode, and cooling mode, wherein the gas capture system includes a first adsorbent material and a first phase change material. The controller is configured to control the gas flow through the first adsorbent in adsorption mode, the first adsorbent material is configured to adsorb unwanted gases from the gas flow during adsorption mode, and the first phase change material is configured to absorb heat during adsorption mode to increase the capacity of the first adsorbent material for adsorbing unwanted gases. The controller is configured to control the heating of the first adsorbent in desorption mode, the heating causing the desorption of unwanted gases from the first adsorbent material. The controller is configured to control the cooling of the first adsorbent in cooling mode, the cooling regenerating the first phase change material before subsequent operations in adsorption mode.

[0107] The method comprises selectively changing the operating mode of a gas capture system in the order of adsorption mode, desorption mode, and cooling mode, wherein the gas capture system includes a first adsorbent material and a first phase change material. The method comprises controlling the gas flow through the first adsorbent in adsorption mode, wherein the first adsorbent material is configured to adsorb undesirable gases from the gas flow during adsorption mode, and the first phase change material is configured to absorb heat during adsorption mode to increase the capacity of the first adsorbent material for adsorbing undesirable gases. The method comprises controlling the heating of the first adsorbent in desorption mode, wherein the heating causes the desorption of undesirable gases from the first adsorbent material. The method comprises controlling the cooling of the first adsorbent in cooling mode, wherein the cooling regenerates the first phase change material before subsequent operations in adsorption mode.

[0108] This specification discloses the present invention, including in best mode, using examples, and enables any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including the fabrication and use of any device or system, and the execution of any incorporated method. The patentable scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and may include other examples that a person skilled in the art may conceive. Such other examples are intended to be within the claims if they have structural elements that are not different from the language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements that are not substantially different from the language of the claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0109] 10 Combined Cycle Systems 12 Gas Turbine Systems 14 Steam Turbine System 16. Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) 18 Gas Processing System 20 Gas Capture Systems 30 Axial direction or axis 32 Radial or axial 34 Circumferential direction or axis 36 Rotation axis 40 Intake Section 42 Compressor or compressor section 44 Combustor Section 46. ​​Gas turbine or turbine section 48 Exhaust Section 50 shaft 52 Casing 54 Compressor Blades 56 Compressor vanes 58 Compressor Stages 60 Intake gas 62 Combustor 64 Head end section 66 Combustion section 68 Combustion chamber 70 Combustor Liner 72 Flow Sleeves 74 aisles 76 Upstream direction 78 Headend Room 80 Intermediate Plate 82 Fuel Nozzle 84 End Plates 86 Compressed gas 88 Fuel System 90 Fuel supply system 92 Fuel circuit 94 Fuel circuit 96 Fuel circuit 98 Fuel circuit 100 components 104 Compressed air 106 Compressor System 108 Air compressor 110 Drive unit 112 High-temperature combustion gases 114 shaft 116 Casing 118 Turbine Blades 120 Fixed Turbine Vane 122 Turbine Stages 124 Intermediate shaft 126 load 128 shaft 150 Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System 152 Exhaust gas 160 High-voltage section 162 Intermediate Pressure Section 164 Low-pressure section 166 High-pressure steam 168 Medium-pressure steam 170 Low-pressure steam 172 High-pressure steam turbine 174 Medium-pressure steam turbine 176 Low-pressure steam turbine 178 shaft 180 load 182 Condensation 184 Exhaust gas 190 Gas Capture System 192 Gas Capture System 194 Gas Capture System 196 Components 198 Components 200 components 202 Components 204 Captured gas 206 Compression System 208 Storage locations and / or pipelines 210 Components 212 Components 214 Components 220 Controllers 222 Sensors 224 processors 226 memory 228 Command 230 Communication Circuit 250 Adsorbent-based gas capture systems 252 Adsorbent-based gas capture assembly or unit 252A Adsorbent-based gas capture unit 252B Adsorbent-based gas capture unit 252C Adsorbent-based gas capture unit 254 Conduit 256 Conduit 258 Conduit 260 Conduit 262 Outer conduit wall 264 channels 266 center axis 268 Entrance 270 Exit 272 Adsorbent Materials 274 Inner self 276 Exterior 278 Contactor Assembly 280 Contactor 282 Phase Change Materials (PCM) 284 Main Unit 286 Internal part 288 Exterior Wall 290 Thermal Control Systems 292 Cooling System 294 Cooling circuit 296 Heat exchanger 298 Heat Pipe 300 components 302 Components 304 Components 310 Upstream flow distribution system 312 Downstream flow distribution system 314 Gas supply system 316 Heating fluid supply system 318 Cooling fluid supply system 320 Adsorption Post-Treatment System 322 Post-installation / removal processing system 324 Post-cooling system 330 Gas Pretreatment System 332 Gas pretreatment components 334 Gas pretreatment components 336 Gas pretreatment components 340 gas 342 valves 344 Distribution Conduit 346 Distribution Conduit 348 Distribution Conduit 350 Heated Fluid Supply 352 Heating fluid 354 Heating gas 356 Heating fluid control device 358 Heating fluid control components 360 Heating Fluid Control Components 362 Heating fluid control components 364 valves 366 Distribution Conduit 368 Distribution Conduit 370 Distribution conduit 372 Cooling fluid supply source 374 Cooling fluid 376 Cooling fluid control device 378 Cooling fluid control components 380 Cooling fluid control components 382 Cooling fluid control components 384 valves 386 Distribution Conduit 388 Distribution Conduit 390 Distribution conduit 400 treated gases 402 Fluid flow 404 Fluid Flow 410 Valve 412 Valve 414 Valve 416 Distribution Conduit 418 Distribution conduit 420 Distribution Conduit 422 Distribution conduit 424 Distribution Conduit 426 Distribution Conduit 428 Distribution Conduit 430 Distribution conduit 432 Distribution conduit 440 Processed Gas Processing Systems 442 Processor after removal 444 Post-installation / detachment processing components 446 Post-installation / detachment processing components 448 Post-installation / detachment processing components 450 water 452 Cooling fluid recirculation system 454 components 456 components 458 components 500 Gas Processing Processes 520 panels 522 Upstream wall 524 Downstream Wall 526 Opposing side wall 528 Opposing side wall 530 Opposing wall 532 Opposing wall 534 Enclosure 536 Chamber 538 Working fluid 540 Evaporation section 542 Condensation section 544 Cooling fluid 546 Fluid Conduit 550 fins 552 Height 554 width 556 interval 560 Enclosure 562 layers 570 Frame 572 Beam 574 Cross support 580 circuit part 582 Circuit part 584 Cooling Path 586 Cooling Path

Claims

1. A first adsorbent (252A) having a first adsorbent material (272) and a first phase change material (282), wherein the first adsorbent material (272) is configured to adsorb undesirable gases from a gas flow (340) during an adsorption mode, and the first phase change material (282) is configured to absorb heat during the adsorption mode to increase the capacity of the first adsorbent material (272) for adsorbing the undesirable gases. A gas capture system (20) comprising A system (10) comprising:

2. The system (10) according to claim 1, wherein the gas flow (340) includes exhaust gas (152) generated from the combustion system (10).

3. The system (10) according to claim 2, comprising a gas turbine system (12) having the combustion system (10), a generator driven by the gas turbine system (12), or a combination thereof.

4. The system (10) according to claim 1, wherein the gas capture system (20) is a carbon capture system.

5. The aforementioned undesirable gas is carbon dioxide (CO2). ２ The system (10) according to claim 4, including ).

6. The system (10) according to claim 1, wherein the first adsorbent (252A) is configured to desorb the undesirable gas from the first adsorbent material (272) in a desorption mode, and the first adsorbent (252A) is configured to cool and regenerate the first phase change material (282) in a cooling mode.

7. The system (10) according to claim 6, comprising a controller (220) coupled to the gas capture system (20), wherein the controller (220) is configured to selectively change the operating mode of the first adsorbent (252A) in the order of adsorption mode, desorption mode, and cooling mode.

8. The system (10) according to claim 7, wherein the controller (220) is configured to enable the gas flow (340) through the first adsorbent (252A) in the adsorption mode, the heating fluid (352) through the first adsorbent (252A) in the desorption mode, and the cooling fluid (374) through the first adsorbent (252A) in the cooling mode.

9. The system (10) according to claim 1, wherein the gas capture system (20) comprises a second adsorbent (252B) having a second adsorbent material (272) and a second phase change material (282), the first adsorbent (252A) comprises a first duct (256) having a first contactor assembly (278) having the first adsorbent material (272) and the first phase change material (282), and the second adsorbent (252B) comprises a second duct (258) having a second contactor assembly (278) having the second adsorbent material (272) and the second phase change material (282).

10. The system (10) according to claim 9, wherein the gas capture system (20) comprises a third adsorbent (252C) having a third duct (260) which includes a third contactor assembly (278) having a third adsorbent material (272) and a third phase change material (282).

11. The system (10) according to claim 1, wherein the first phase change material (282) includes a solid-to-solid phase change material, a solid-liquid phase change material, a solid-gas phase change material, a liquid-gas phase change material, or any combination thereof.

12. The system (10) according to claim 1, wherein the first adsorbent (252A) comprises a contactor (280) having one or more heat pipes (298), a heat exchanger (296) having a cooling circuit (294), a plurality of fins (550), or any combination thereof, and the contactor (280) comprises the first adsorbent material (272) and the first phase change material (282).

13. The system (10) according to claim 1, wherein the heat is at least partially generated from the first adsorbent material (272) that adsorbs the undesirable gas during the adsorption mode, and the first phase change material (282) is configured to absorb the heat, thereby enabling the first adsorbent material (272) to operate between higher and lower temperatures during the adsorption mode.

14. The system (10) according to claim 13, wherein the first phase change material (282) is configured to absorb the heat, thereby enabling the first adsorbent material (272) to operate in an isothermal operating mode.

15. The system (10) according to claim 1, comprising a conductive heat transfer path between the first adsorbent material (272) and the first phase change material (282).

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